The Sun.
London, England, 1864-11-21 00:00:00

Liverpool Cotton Market—This Day,

Marktt very excited. Sales 20,000 or 30.000
bales, at id to 2ri advance.

" TIIE WORLD OF MAGIC."—The Commercial

Travellers' schoole, Pinner, boys and girls, as well as 700
other children belonging to the various metropolitan schools,
were invited free by Professor Anderson to witness his
eleventh matinee, on Saturday afternoon, at the St. James's
The house was crowded in every part.

The Tribunal of Correctional Police, on Friday
last, condemned a 111„ de X, to a fine of 50f and costs
for sending bank notes in a letter by the post without going
through the formalities required by the law. The gentle-
man, in his defence, said that he had put on the letter the
five seals, and had marked the amount oI the notes on the
outside, tolling his cook to take it to the post and have it
registered. '1 he woman doubtless mistook the word
charganca for affranchiseincnt, and putting two postage
stamps on the letter threw it into the box. The President
recommended the gentleman on a future occasion not to
trust to a servant what he could better do himself.
_ _

---
The Court of Lyons has just given its decision on
an appeal made by the proprietors of the Mouche
steamboat against their recent condemnation for homicide
through negligence. It will be remembered that the boat
swayed on passing under a bridge, the passengers rushed on
one side, the balustrade broke, and a good many fell into the
water and were drowned. The sentence of imprisonment
against 8.1. Chaize was reduced to two months, and the two
partners were ordered to pay the costs between them. M.
Plasson had been sentenced by the Court below to the pay-
ment of a fine only, but on an appeal by the Procureur•
General, the Court decided that the punishment was not in
proportion with the oflance, and ordered M. plaabon to to
imprisoned for a month and a half also.

CRYSTAL PALACE.—HALF-A=CROWN DAY.—On
Saturday the admissions on payment were 924 i ditto by
season tickets, 3,lo4—totql, 4,028,

ASTRONOMY IN THE ELISENTH CENTURY.—
M. last week presented to the Academy
of Sciences the third volume of the astronomical works of
Alphonse X., King of Castile, published by Don M. Rico
y Sinobas. It consists of various treaties translated from
the Arabic by order of that monarch, viz., a treatise on the
universal luminary Astrolabe of Toledo ; the Azafeha of
Seville, the Book of the Seven Planets. a treatise on
a Universal Planetarium, and another on the astro-
nomical quadrant. All these were written in the
eleventh century, that is, two hundred years before
the reign of Alphonse, who caused them to be
added to his "Great Book on the Knowledge of
the Heavens." The treatises on the astrolabe were written
by Azarquiel, a well-known astronomer of Toledo, remark-
for the simplicity of his style. his practical knowledge, and
his rejection of tale thoories. Azarquiel improved the
spherical astrolabe of Hipparchns by adding alidadas or
sights, quadrants, and trigonometrical lines, dividing the
radius into 60 parts instead of 60,000, the division adopted by
Regiomontanus. His work also contains numerous
rules and problems solved by his two ezafehas astro-
labes. The treatises on the planets are equally re-
markable, from the fact that they contain cer-
tain important data closely resembling thoss we owe to the
period of Kepler. The instruments described in them con-
sisted of metallic circular plates provided with sights, and
upon which the orbits of each of the planets were delineated.
From these it appears that the Arabian astronomers endea-
voured to discover the real figure of the planetary orbits.
The result at which Azarquiel and Aboulcacin arrived
was an oval orbit for Mercury, while Kepler, several
centuries later, found an elliptical one for Mars.
Kepler followed up his immortal laws as the truth-
ful expression of the motion of the heavenly bodies,
but Azarquiel, in his book written at so remote a period as
the eleventh century, says in the simplest language that the
curve described by Mercury, though difficult to find, owing
to the many lines it reqt.tires, is the best for observing Mer-
cury in its irregular motion in the heavens, This opinion,
though clearly expressed and geographically represented,
remained barren and neglected from the 11th to the 17th
century, when Kepler published his "Laws" and " Rudol-
phine Tables."
FREEEIv G OF THE BLACK SEA.—In M. de Tehi •

[ hatchet's interesting work, "Le Bosphore et Con-
stantinople," we find the following curious information
concerning the Black Sea, and the possibility of its
ever being frozen over. History records seventeen
instances of the partial congelation of its vast surface
since the beginning of the Christian era, viz , in 401, 753,
739, 755, 762, 928, 931, also about 950, and in the reign of
the Emperor Basilius, and then in 1232, 1620, 1669, 1755,
1823, 1849, and 1862. The year 762 is positively men-
tioned by historians as having witnessed the all but
total congelation of the Euxine. Ovid, indeed, who
lived in exile on its shores between the years 7 at d 17 of
our era, asserts that within that period the mouths of the
Danube were frozen up ; but since the remarkable year 762
there is no positive evidence of their having ever been so.
In speaking of that year the Patriarch Nicephorus states

that the ice was 13 metres in thickness I M. Da Tchihat-
chef very justly remarks that at Brussels, which is about
nino degrees more to the north than Constantinople, the
ico has never, iu the severest winters, attained a thickness
of more than half a metre. Reducing, therefore, the
Byzantine historian's extraordinary statement even to
half the amount, oar author is of opinion that
there must have been at least 20 degrees contigrade
of cold (four degrees below Fahrenheit's zero). He further
remarks on the curious circumstance that the severe winters
of the region of the Black Sea, above recorded, have very
seldom coincided vi ith thoee remarked in other parts of
Europe. Thus, for instance the Adriatic was nearly frozen
over in 859 and 1234, dates which do not correspond with
any of the years mentioned above. Hence he thinks it
more than probable that the great frosts of the Enzine must
have been owing to local causes, especially as the northern
coasts are subject to much lower temperatures than the
southern ones, and much more so than difference of latitude
might warrant.

SCENE IN MCSSELBURGI3 COURT.—A COUN-
ciLLon. AT BAR.--At this Court on Friday, Provost Lawrie
presided, supported by his brother magistrates, Messrs
Charles, Feerns, and Leitch. The first called was one of
assault against Councillor A. Millar. Upon the complaint
being read the defender was asked to plead, when he said
ho was not guilty. Several witnesses were examined, from
whose evidence it appeared that on a recent day, when the
defender was carrying furniture from a cart into his
shop a numb.rir of boys were playing on the footpath,
when one of their number was kicked by the defender
twice or thrice, The magistrates found the case
proved, and sentenced the accused to pay a fine
of 20e, or suffer twenty days' imprisonment. Councillor
Millar paid the fine, and asked the Provost what ho was to
do when annoyed in his business by boys playing about his
shop-door. In addressing the Provost, the defender stood
at the bar with his hands in his trousers pockets. The Pro-
vost said—Sir, take your hands out of your pockets, and
stand in a respectful manner; if you don't, sir, I shall
commit you for contempt of Court. Councillor Millar—l
have paid my fine, and I think I have a right to stand how
I like. Provost Lawrie—Sir, it' you say another word, I'll
commit you, Councillor Millar remained quiet, but still in
the same position, until the sentence was read by the clerk,
when Mr Millar turned round saying, "Good-bye, gentle.
men." The business of the Court was then proceeded with.
—Scotsman.

LONDON NCII3ES.—Oh! for the pen of Gay or
honest Stow to chronicle all the noises that make
the sublime hubbub of mighty London 1 The din is so
perpetual, that we who live iu the city have learned to dis-
regard it. Seldom, indeed, do we reflect on all the consti-
tuents of the general uproar, the key-note of which seems
to be the rattle of cabs and omnibuses over the granite,
accompanied, now and then, with the labouring,
crunching, heavy bass of Pickford's waggons grind-
ing all the stones to powder in their progress. Over
these rise the resounding blows of the smith's hammer
riveting iron bolts into girder bridges; the shrill screech
of the railway whistle, the chiming of church bells, and,
pre-eminently, the sonorous throat of old Paul's, with
the grand swel of the melodious monster in the clock
tower of Westminster, which may be heard with a fair
wind, half over London; the rustle of autumn leaves,
the patter of the descending rain, and the dolorous
sighing of the east wind as it beats against the
churches; anon, something more familiar strikes the
ear—the cheerful chirrup of the sparrow among the
house tops, the whistle of the errand boy going to his
morning's work, or tho wild laugh of the wanton mocking
at her own despair ; then the rifle bands break in with their
stirring melody, and the tramp of martial footsteps vibrates
down the lung street. As the echoes of fife and drum die
away, the " Buy, buy" of the butcher twangs upon the
senses. "Standard, sir," becomes importunately obtru-
sive. "Any hare skins F.' accompanies the postman's knock.
The " Ethiopian Serenaders" rattle their bones. and
"Punch" pierces the dun air with his lively squeak, Worse
than all, a gigantic, Cochin• China cock protests against his
imprisonment in a hen-coop by a series of astounding crows ;
a mercurial donkey outs shines with his heels, and breaks
out exultingly with a bray liko an ophicleide. Successive
flicks of sheep driven from the cattle market to the
slaughter. houses baa awfully; calves bleat, cows low, and
dogs bark, until every other sound is hushed into silence by
a tremendous hurrah from a milioia-voiced crowd who are
cheering my Lord Mayor as he rides in state to Weet-
miuster to be enthroned, for one year, as King of the City,
--Coy Press.

TROOPS FOR MEXlCO.—Messrs, Pothonier and
Co., ehipbrokers, of Liverpool, have chartered for
the Mexican Government three fine steamers—the
the Peruvian, and the Brazilian, each of 2,000 tons burden
and 600-horse power—for the purpose of conveying the
recently formed contingent of Austrian and Belgian troops
raised for the scrvice of the new Emperor of .I\ltaico to
that kingdom, Each of these steamers has been fitted up
to convey about 1,000 men, and the Bolivian was expected
to leave Trieste yesterday.

RECIPE FOR LONCIEVITY.—Get yourself elected a
member of the French Academy. All members attain a
great age—tor instance, Al, Dupin is t 4, 14, Berryer is 76,
iL Guiv,ot io 75, it,c,

(Before the Judge Ordinary rnd a Special y.)
CODRINGTON V. CODILINGTON AND ANDERSON.
The following appeared in our Late Edition of Sa-
turday evening
TOe Queen's Advocate commenced his summing up of the
the evidence for the respondent. He dwelt with much force
on the evidence of Miss Faith:ull—he could hardly reconcile
manyof her statements, and least cif all ceuld he under-
stand her feelings when, after the Admiral bad made an
attack upon her virtue in his wife's bed, she should write to
end address h!ria ae "Dear lie-;:,-," and conclude her
letters "Yours affectionately." The canduct of Admiral
Codrington, it must be admitted, in committing himself in
the manner described, would naturally lead to the opinion
that he at least was not entirely blameless, even at that
particular period. He contended that no one act of
adultery, elleged to hive be-n committed at Tilt Ita, had
been proved by a single w:tness whose charaeger bed not
been greatly damaged ; end then with respect to the charge
at the Grosvenor Hotel, who was there to grove it? Not
a single servaut from that establishment or from Eccleston..
square bad been placed in the box, and the charge therefore
had resolved itself into mere vague assertion, which no men
of the most limited intelligence would for one moment be.
lieve. It was admitted that Mrs Codrington was a person
given to indulgence in very inflated and extravagant lan-
guage, yet what had been the nee made of that knowledge ?
Why, to torture and to twist her language to the worst
purposmi, and that, tee, by the worst means. He trusted
they would by their verdict in some measure put an end to
the ctuel persecution to which she had been a victim.
Mr Price summed up for Colonel .6 nderson. He said
that Lieutenant Galway had entirely disposed of the eNI-
- of John Roe, and that in the most satisfactory man-
ner. •Lieut. Galway had offered himself for cross-examina-
tion, and yet his learned friend had not ventured to put a
single question to him. Roe had slated that the gross act
to which he had spoken was committed previews
to the leaving of Mrs Codrington for Valetta.
Yet what did the evidence of Lieut. Galway prove? Why,
that he was with her and her friends the whole of the even-
ing until 10 minutes past 12, and that Mrs Codrington never
for one minute left their company until she arrived at Mrs
Adams's. Which, he would ask the jury, would they
believe—a man who, according t 3 hie own statement,
had some doubts about the matter, it a gentleman
of character and position, end one holding her
Majesty's commission. Roe, they must bear in mind, west
one of those witnesses examined abroad; they had, there-
fore, no means of cross-examining him, or the probability
was that he might even have been compelled to have given
a different complexion to his statement. However, he felt
certain the jury would come to a right and just conclusion,
and he left his case with the greatest confidence in their
hands.

Mr Bovill asked whether it would not be better to
adjourn at that point of the proceedings. He could not by
any possibility oonclude his reply on the whole CEtt33 that
day,

The Jadge Ordinary said the learned counsel had bettor
begin at all events; it was much to be desired that the case
should be concludcl at the next sitting of the Court. If
Mr Bovill could give any idea of the length of time he wes
likely to occupy in his reply, it would be a matter of the
greatest convenience.

Mr Bovill said about two hours or two hours and a half.
The Judge Ordinary, under the promise that Mr Bovill
would not exceed the time he had mentioned in making hie
reply, then adjourned the further hearing of the case until
Wednesday next.

Throughout the day the court was crowded elmost to
suffocation.

SHIPPING-THIS DAY,

LONDON, Nov. 21 —Wind this day at noon—South.
West ; moderate breeze and foggy weather.
PLYMOUTH, Nov. 20.—Wind S.W.—Arrived—Colonel
Hayward, from Moulmein—Neville, from Liverpool for
Shanghai

Tnooli, Nov. 19.—Wind .E.—Arrived--Horne, frem
Quebec, leaky.
PORTSMOUTH, Nov. 20.—Wind S.W.—Arrived—Fen-
tonio Bassein, from Bremen.

CARDIFF, Nov. 19.—Wind S.W.—Arrived—Josephine,
from Bilboa.

CGWES, Nov. 19.—Wind E.—Arrived—Catherine, from
Rio Janeiro.

FowEy, Nov. 19.—Wind N.W.—Arrived—Gor, fiot
Villa Nova.

DOVER, Nov. 20.—Wind S.W.—Arrived—Courtont
from Southampton for Havre.

QUEENSTOWN, Monday Morning.
Yesterday morning, during a heavy N.W. gale and heavy
sea, the Canada rescued the crew of the water-logged barque
England, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, from Quebec, timber laden,
bound to Sunderland. Three of her crew were washed
overboard during the passage.

Or MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH,)
GIIA.VECEND, Monday Morning.
Arrived, Nov. 20—City of Madras, from Calcutta--
Reliance, from Quebec—Osassedor, from Porto Rico—Lady
Bute, from Bostcn—Victoria, from Nienport—Gemliza,
from Trieste—Madeline, froom Damiest —Mary, from
Prince Edward's Isles—Pride of the Orwell, from Dunkirk
Coral Isles, from Demerara—lda, from Gibraltar.
Arrived, Nov. 21—John Bull, steamer, from Hamburg.
DEAL, Monday Morning.
Faseed—Clyde, screwsteamer,from Charente—Belgravia,
from Madras (in tow)—both for London.
Sailed, Nov. 20—Jessie Mann, for Sunderland (in tow)
—Eak, screw steamer, for Guernsey.

THE LIFE OF THE LATE LORD HARDINGE, by
Sir Archibald Alison, is one of the latest literary announce-
ments.

LORD DERBY has been occupied for three years
in his translation of Homer, of whioh ho himself does not
think so highly as do many of his literary friends.

" MERRY AND WISE," a new illustrated magazine
for the young people, edited by " Old Merry," will be com-
menced by Messrs Jackson, Walford, and Hodder in Janu-
ary

SIR WALTER SCOTT.—Lucy Aikin, who died last
January, and wrote various historical works. thus speaks
of Sir Walter Scott, whom she met in 1811 :—" Though he
speaks very broad Scotch, is a heavy-looking man, and has
little the air of a gentleman, I was much pleased with him.
He is lively, spirited, and quite above all affectation."
An old man named Liuthier, residing at Nimes,
lost his life a few nights ago in a rather singular
manner.
down at h
ie ugarla nhdo duarutgohttaekre, finhisdionogffeteh,awt he
ne
tdtiod
hn
iost
rc 00
omme.
Alarmed by the heat of the door and by the smell of burnt
linen, she called for assistance, and on the door being forced
open, the bed of the old man was found completely burnt,
and the body calcined. The room being very small, and
wilhout ventilation, the supposition is that the be: clothes
or the curtains having caught the from a night-lamp which
stood near, had burnt, but that the want of air had pre-
vented the flames acquiring violence enough to extend
farther.

LONDON AND NORTIT WESTERN RAILWAY„—•
The directors of the London and North Western Company
are about to allot to their proprietors rateably, at par, ad".
ditional ordinary stock to the amount of about £1,000,009,
equivalent to about 5 per cent. on the ordinary capital, The
allotments will bo made to the proprietors registered on the
19th instant, in the form of ordinary stock, to be paid up in
full on the 31 January, 18G5, carrying ordinary dividend
as from the let of that month.

HURRICANE AT RIO JANEIRO.—RIO DE JANEIRO,
Oot. 11.—A violent hurricane burst over this city and bay
at 6 o'clock on the evening of the 10th inst. Rain fell in
torrents, accompanied by very large hailstones, flooding
nearly all the houses in the city. The damage is estimated
at several millions of francs. Eleven merchant vessels were
wrecked, and several persons perished. Capt. Abeille, of the
French ship Reino Marguerite, received on board his
vessel Admiral Elliot and his wife, who were in a sinking
boat.

IMPORTATION OF EGGS.—Two hundred and
seventy-two millions of eggs have been imported
into this country in the nine months of this year ended 30th
of September. In the corresponding period of 1863 the
number was slightly less than 213 millions. In the same
months of 1862 it was 177 millions; in those tit 1861 not
more than 161 millions, and in those of 1560 only 134 mil-
lions; so that the importation of this description of loud
has more than donbl d since the abolition of the Customs'
duty thereon. Three fourths of the entire quantity are
sent from France, and the greater portion of the residue
from the Channel Islands, Belgium, and Spain.

We lately alluded to the probability of the rumour
that Lord William Faulet would slimed Sr Jaa. Scarlett
as Adjutant-General in April next. WoHove our readcrs
may regard the appointment as sure to take place.—.4triiii/
wed Aavy Gazette.

The new bank which is about to be eetablioled
in Mexico is to be represented in London by Baring
Brothers, and in Paris by MM. Hottinguer, Foulel,
and Marcuard. This has caused the rise in Mclean 9erip
which tea tit4en place within the kw daye.