The Sun.
London, England, 1852-07-20 00:00:00

WGENIOUS INVENTION-AUSTRIAN
RAILWAY.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE MORNING AbVERTISER •
Sir,—Perceiving the above in the different newspapers, I
co naider it right to inform you that three years ago I sub,.
mi tted the principle of placing is looking-glass on the engine,
to
rai lbe illuminated by different coloured lamps, supplied the
way guards for such purpose, and that I submitted my
7gestion to a civil engineer (Mr.. Francis Whishaw, of
Ad, t/iihi, London), with the view of testing the same as. -woritt t a patent, but that gentleman (who is connected with
the S ociet y of Arts, and would have submitted it to them on
in
b ehalf) found, from information, that the railway people
En gland would not allow anything to be placed on the
.engin
Wh at English railways objected to, Austrian railways
have a dopted, and I merely wish to show that, so far as I
know, it is the invention of an Englishman, and that it is
three 3 rears old.—I am, Sir, yours most respectfully,
P S. The Society of Arts were offering a premium at the
time for a good principle to prevent accidents, and give
speedy communication between guard and driver.
2, Loris-street, Prince's-road, Lambeth,
July 19, 1852.

I.EXPERIMENTS ON ANCHORS.
SHEERNESS, JULY 18.—Conceiving that a description of
Ithe gear to be used at the second series of trials, which will
;commence on Friday next, on the beach, may be interest-
ing to the nautical world, we now furnish a brief statement
) thereof.
The anchors will be cast in a depth of water of about two
fathoms, and placed parallel to each other, at a distance of
18 feet apart, and be hove up to the beach by the following
mode :—A pendant unites the two purchases in one, with a
block on the bight, through which the pendant reeves, thus
forming a traveller, one end of the pendant being made fast i
to one of the purchases, the otter end to the other purchase '
—the pendant rendering through the block on the bight
according to the resistance of either purchase placed on the
anchors.

The pendant ropes are of 8 inches and 20 fathoms, and the
single block to each is of 26 inches.
The small purchase leads from the block on the pendant
to an anchor secured in the ground in the centre, between
the two large purchases (close to the capstan), the fall of
which, traversing through a leading block, is then hove
round the capstan. The blocks composing the purchase are
two double ones of 18 inches each, and one single leading one
of 16 inches, 113 fathoms of 5-inch rope being used for falls.
A very excellent drawing of the anchors and gear has been
made by Mr. G. Penry, of the dockyard.

SUCCESSFUL RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF
ELECTRICITY IN THE WHALE FISHERY. —We alluded,
several weeks since, to certain experiments by Mr. E. A.
Heineken, of Bremen, to test the applicability of electricity
as a means of facilitating the capture of whales. Mr.
Heineken, who is now in the United States, has recently
received intelligence from Bremen which is of much interest,
a
Captaineste d o n
G boarde e rken
etnh e BTrbeem eAnywe
rhi
eakl e -
tabesee rotation
Daly, tested
to the success of this invention, as practically
sHhiepineAkvenericlkeftHtbeienerkiveenr
Vr,
y, for the Pacific Ocean, having on board
ioitsima.chines of various sizes, in order to ascertain
° containing
Power necessary to secure sperm or right
one ma
the degree of
whales;
1f13151 one magnet, another four,
and another fourteen.
Captain Georken, in a letter dated
New Zealand, Dec. 13,
applying the electricity , writes as follows:--"l The first
experiment we made with he new invention was upon a
magnet. The fish, after being struck, from the machine with one
ob
asuretd in up him a stream of
shark,
ruck, instantly turned over on
its ;side, and after we hadp
Pon electricity for a few moments
machine the shark became stiff . g the handle of the
next fell in with a blackfish. As soon ge
the 3 of wood. We
thrown into him and the machine handle t whaelde. iron was
began to sink. The operator then ceased turning gee nifisil chine, and the fish immediately rose, when the machine was again set in motion, upon which the fish lay stiff on
the surface of the water, and was taken alongside of the
ship. At this time we made use of the four-magnet ma-
chine. We saw sperm and other whales, and lowered our
boats, but were unsuccessful in getting fast to them, as
they disappeared on our approaching them; while at all
other times the weather was too boisterous to permit us to
lower our boats. Thus we had but one chance to try the
experiment upon a whale, which was made with the four-
magnet machine. The whale, upon being struck, made one
dash onward, then turned on his side, and was rendered
perfectly powerless. Although I have, as yet, not been
fortunate enough to test the invention in more instances,
I have the fullest confidence in the same, and doubt not to
be able to report the most astonishing results on my return
from the Arctic seas, where I am now bound."
ASCENT or MR. Coxwzrz.-0a Monday evening
this celebrated mronant ascended in company with two gen-
tlemen from the Royal Grecian, City-road. The continental
fame connected with Mr. Coxwell and his balloon Sylph
drew together a large assemblage of spectators, who were
delighted with the huge and handsome machine that had been
engaged in such adventurous enterprises abroad. Mr. Cox-
well, on rising, took at first a north-easterly direction, but on
attaining a greater elevation, the balloon fell into a southerly
current. The mronaut having promised to descend as near
as possible to his residence, the wind being in that direction,
alighted accordingly in Edmonton marshes.
FRIGHTFUL RAILWAY ACCIDENT.—A most melan-
choly accident, and which has been attended with fatal con-
sequeces, occurred on Saturday evening to an engine-driver
named Stanley, at Gobowen, about 18 miles from Shrews-
bury, on the Shrewsbury and Chester line. The unfortunate
man had got off the engine at a siding, and was examining
the machinery to see that it was is proper working order
and not overheated, and at the same time the stoker was en-
gaged in filling the boiler with water, when most unfortu-
nately three or four waggons which were moving down on
an inclined plane towards the engine were allowed to pro-
ceed too rapidly by the person who had the charge of them,
and who, it is supposed, did not apply the brake as vigo-
rously as he ought to have done. The consequence was that
the waggons dashed with great velocity against the engine
which Stanley was engaged in examining, and the unfor-
tunate man's arm was caught in the machinery, and he was
thrown down and the engine went over him, tearing his arm
out of the socket and mangling him otherwise in a most
frightful way. As may be supposed, life was immediately
destroyed. The inquest was held upon the body yesterday,
when the jury returned a verdict of " Accidental death."
CLOSING OF Bow CHURCH FOR REPAIRS.—Oa
Sunday the ancient church of St. Mary-le-Bow Cheapside,
which was built by Sir Christopher Wren. was closed for the
purpose of undergoing
extensive internal repairs. This
church unites the parishes of St. Mary-le-Bow, St. Pancras,
Soper-lane, and Allhallows, Roney-lane, and on these three
parishes has just been levied a rate of Bd. in the pound to
meet the expenses of the repairs.
THE HULL MURDER.—.FURTHER DISCLOSURES
—The grand jury, at York, on Friday, ignored the indict-
ment against Snape and Smith, accused of the garrotte mur-
der at Hull. Mr. Justice Wightmsn then fixed Wednesday
(to-morrow) for the trial of the prisoners upon the coroner's
commitment. In the meantime, and while the grand jury
at York were deliberating upon the evidence then before
them, the police in Hull were
"guljog and combining
much further towards the
go ni
chain of evidence which may g
conviction of the guilty parties. A£s note, which it is
a
stated the murdered man had
in
hispocket, was, about
of business to one
fortnight ago, returned in the usual course
of the Hull banks ; and after an
otber.street. Yesterday
indefatigableinquiry, it was
traced back to a tradesman in the porter of the
the man who changed this note, through and privatel examined
Shakspeare Hotel, was apprehended a
appear on Wed-
at the police court, and he will probablyy
nesday as a material witness in the case. Two women have'
also been apprehended, one a Paramour of Snape, and the
other the keeper of the lodging-house where he was ap-
prehended.
PRINTERS.--E 1 gentleman
A CURIOSITY TO CALICO
in Blackburn has in his possession a small piece of printed
which is evidently
calico carefully wrapped up in paper,which there •
of
not of modern make, on the outside .
following memorandum, which explains the reason why
•
this otherwise insignificant relic has been preserved with
enclosed cloth was
such care :—" The block from which the ,
printed was the first ever cut by Robert Peel, now Sir
Robert Peel, Bart., when he and his brother Jonathan,
now of Accrington-house, were apprentices to Thomas
Yates, of Moorgate Fold, Livesey, near Blackburn, with
whom they were boarders."—Blackburn Standard.
BRITISH ORPHAN ASYLUM, CLAPHAM RISE,.
Yesterday an election of seven children into this institution
took place at the London Tavern, Bishopsgate. It appeared
by the report which was presented to the meeting that,
during the past year, sixteen children had been elected b
the subscribers and three admitted by purchase. The avey-
rage number of the children in the asylum dttrin_.
g the ear
was one hundred. The report of the examiner to the y the Rev. James Hill, expressed in the strongest terms the
schools,B
marked improvement in the schools, both of the boys and
girls, and stated that they never presented more unequivocal
signs of general good health, nhe same attention to the
interests of the children to which the
on former occasions, appeared to be examiner had averted
dustrial training kept pace with continued_ Their in-
their liter
ary progress ;
while their cheerfulness, their fondness
cises, and the good feeling subsisting
for voluntary exer-
and instructed, and among
between the instructors
the pupils themselves, was highly
gratifying. The receipts durin h
2,8351. 18s. 4d., and the disbursements gt e year amounted to
e disbursements to 2,4821. 15s. 81,
leaving a balance of 3521.25. Bd.
SmUGGLIN
the
G.--On Friday, the 16th • tant ins
Vigilant, revenue cutter C t • d off the
Isle of Sheppy a large river ap am Gowland, capture
of
skiff filled with half-anchol
foreign spiritsof Cr Wind'
1 Geneva and brandy, 84 in number, ,
seizure Was delivered at the
Queen's warehouse, 14°11(1°°' on
ROYAL
n„ Sunday
GENERAL ANNUITY SOMETY.--,•-ed Newth
morning last the Rev. J. Jessopp, M.A.,,preac- ,
eloquent sermon at the parish church of ?t-t Mme' wttich was
ington, in aid of the funds of the above sec° Ys6oltities for
established in 1827, for the purpose of prow
.en, traesmen,
ofession,
decayed merchants, bankers, pr
for eing' The rev.
daughters, widows and clerks, as also ,,i,,doin.
daughters, from all parts of the United
..,"-ch7p. i., v. 2., " All
minister took his text from Eccles' re:
ssnded, din reference
ably ex.ott
r Newlydeserving is vanity," which he most era sym-
to the institution, described itroavi fag for those who in early
pathy and support, from its_l2
sad even luxury, but reduced
life had enjoyed every conPV:tress. These, if no such aid
in old age to miser,' 9'l ",",-nrhaps be compelled, as a last
Oa.. ...--- •
could be obtained, view within the walls of a workhouse.
resource, to Beek to or the funds, the society were com-
pelled the present B. on to hundreds of applicant& In a
pelled to refuse tamale appeal the Rev. Gentleman pleaded
most powerfaisu ity,,i annual subscriptions in support of the
'butions ,
for coutri , ,ch was responded to by a liberal collection at
institution, we
io the evening the Rev. J. Jessopp delivered
the door& adrahie disconrse at the same church, also on be-
another ad
h. society, and which with • •
was attended similarly
half of t--
__i results.
lUCCWW"
BstrrAL AND FATAL ASSAULT .-m-On Saturday
_..ening. a grocer, living in Chester-road, Manchester, named
73'eajemin Holden Saxon, was brutally assaulted and killed
under the following circumstances :—Three young men,
named James Weldon, William Pratt, and James Drummond
bad attacked and beaten a half-witted labourer whom they
met opposite Mr. Saxon's shop. This labourer, an industri-
ous hard-working man, is often followed and plagued by the
children in the neighbourhood, but Mr. Saxon was indignant
to see three young men attack and beat him, and called them
by some opprobrious name. The consequence was that the
three men attacked Mr. Saxon himself, and knocked him
with great force upon the flagged pavement. Not content
with this, as be
was staggering from the effects of the fall
towards his own door, Weldon struck him on one side of the
head, and knocked him headforemost upon the pavement
again. Mr. Saxon was raised in a state of insensibility after
this blow, and died in the course of a few minutes. The
three men are in custody, and were brought before the ma-
gistrates yesterday, but remanded until a surgeon could make
a post tnorfem examination of the body of the unfortunate
deceased.

---
THE GLOADOW SCREW STEAMER.—This ship sailed
from the Clyde on Saturday iast, with 80 passengers, and
one of the 4.cgeet cargoes of line goods which has ever left
the pQrt

•
- -----
HER MAJESTY'S CRUSE.
POILTSMOUTH MONDAY.—,This morning at six o'clock the
Royal steam squadron, which assembled in Cowes-roads year.
1 terday, lighted fires and prepared tor the voyage to accom-
parry her Majesty to sea; nor were the preparations for a
display confined to the Royal naval vessels; moored in the
i roads were numerous yachts of the Royal Yacht Squadron,
which gave evidence of a desire to accompany the man-of-
war squadron, if a breeze favoured the intention. There
were some beautiful specimens of amateur sailing craft about,
the station; among them Mr. Weld's late cutter (merged
into a fine schooner), the Alarm, altered to the lines of the
(
America, and made to resemble her nut a little in hull; the
Duke of Rutland's schooner Revolution, Lord Godolphin's
schooner Coquette, also the Snake, Mr. A. Hill's Orestes,
Mr. Gee's Gloriana, and Mr. Smith's Leda. These fine ves-
sels, moored in close proximity to the naval squadron, formed
as animated a marine group as any artist could picture.
At about seven o'clock all the vessels had steam up, with
the exception of the Royal yachts, which lighted their fires
last. The entire force was under the orders of Lord Adol-
phus Fitzclarence, who, a
'
being the senior officer present, was
R
the commodore of the
oy l li-tadron.
At 8 o'clock the Victoria
.AllbeTt made the signal to
stem
iy.mtaod
es
,t stern, aloes ovwer
the squadron to `caress ship," herself hoisting masthead en-
signs. As if by gic, the whole ,of the ships forming the
squadron (except the small yachts) hoisted flags and pen-
e morn-
yalipctre tatlyo ft
feature This
si
movement,nth
ing's preparations.
The Royal Yacht Squadron schooners Revolution, Snake,
nsiamnutal tafrnoenotu
and Leda alsf) followed signal, and dressed most prettily.
The Victoria and Albert their signalled !'.o the squadror to
" weigh," when all the vessels " up-anchored," and proceeded
eft' Osborne to await the Queen's embarkation.
The Victoria and Albert moored off Mode's pier, under
Osborne, inside the line occupied by the squadron, and the
Fairy and Elfin moored close in towards the pier. in ibis
position all the vessels lay to.
f.pas At hai ' t 9 o'clock the Royal party, consisting of the
Queen, Prince Albert, the Prince of Wales, and Prince
Alfred, the Princess Royal, and the Princess Helena, with
their respective attendants, arrived at the beach from Os-
borne, and were received on alighting from the carriages. by
Lord Adolphus Fitzclarence, Lord George Lennox, and other
noblemen and gentlemen of the Court. Her Majesty, the
Prince Consort, and the Royal children then embarked in the
State barge, steered by Lord Adolphus Fitzclarence, for the
Royal yacht.
At twenty minutes io ten o'clock the royal standard a s struck in the barge and hoisted at the mainmasthead ofw the royal yacht, denoting the embarkation of her Majesty, when. a general royal salute
was fired by the Baracouta, Retribu-
tion, Magicienne, Odin, and Sampson.
At ten minutes to ten the royal squadron got under•
weigh, the Victoria and Albert having the royal standard at
the main, and the Admiralty flag at the fore. The line of
sailing then formed as follows, in the order named:—
The Vivid packet, Master-Commander Luke Smithett,
leading as avant courrier, about a quarter of a mile ahead.
The Victoria and Albert, with the Queen and Court on.
board.
The others formed two lines—
Starboard Division—Fairy royal yacht, Commander Cris-
pin (Mr. Welch, Master, in charge), With the retinue; the
Odin, 16, Captain W. H. Henderson, C.B. ; the Sampson, 6,
Captain L. T. Jones; and the Retribution, 28, Captain the
Hon. J. R. Drummond.
Port Division—Black Eagle Admiralty yacht, Master
Commander Petley, with Rear-Admiral the Duke of Nor-
thumberland, First Lord of the Admiralty, or Rear-Admiral
the Earl of Hardwicke, Postmaster-General, on board (it was
not accurately known which of these noble and distingudsbed
officers had arrived at the time of making our inquilles);
Magicienne, 16, Captain Ramsay; and the Baracout,a, 6,
Captain the Hon. S. T. Carnegie.
On the Royal yacht "opening" West Cowes Castle, the
Marquis of Anglesey (at present residing there) firod a
royal salute, which the Royal Yacht Squadron battery at
the Club-house took up, the front of the club being gaily
dressed in yacht pennants. On passing the castle, the men
(who had continued aloft all this time stretched out upon the
yards of the men-of-war) were piped down, and the colours
for dressing ship were taken in. At this point the royal
yacht was fully a mile and a half ahead of the suadren,
which appeared makingall
the way they could " in hue.
The whole raster. panorama was one of the most pleasing cha-
We never remember before to have a
squadron
under weigh with
the shipdressed and yards s seen
manned.
We understand royal squadron will t't D d-
im in o a
mouth to-night, the yachts ' '
gozng in and the men-of-war
lying outside ; thence, to-morrow, they proceed to Pl outh,
Ym
Torbay, &c.
The Elfin royal dispatch Yacht, Acting Master Balliston
commanding, accompanied the squadron some miles from
Cowes, and returned to that harbour at twelve o'clock.
The cruise of her Majesty is expected to extend till
Friday.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
Some months ago we noticed the good feeling which_
induced Mr. Pepper, the lecturer on chemistry, to show,
his audience some large lumps of gold from the Austra--
lien colonies, in order to promote the wish to emigrate,
amongst those who could not succeed in their own.
country. These lumps were kindly lent by Messrs..
Hunt and Roskill, who have again enabled Mr. Pepper
to exhibit some very large pieces of the precious metal
from Australia. The present lecture, as may be ima-
gined, was one of the highest practical interest, being
" On the Australian Gold Districts, and on the means of
discriminating Gold from all other Metals and Minerals."
The lecturer commenced by detailing the chief facts
connected with the geology of gold-seeking, and gave
various useful hints from specimens, rocks, &c., which
would enable the emigrant to make a right selection of
a plot which might yield gold, and prevent a waste of
labour on barren and unprofitable spots. The various
apparatus required for washing and preparing the drift,
such as cradles, mining tools, and a very good and
simple machine, washing a ton of earth, tan, clay, or
gravel, per diem, to be worked by boys or a man; also
an Australian tent, of very great convenience and ex-
ceedingly low price, were exhibited, and excited great
interest among the audience. Mr. Pepper then alluded
to the simple tests which would enable persons unac-
quainted with chemistry to detect gold from all other
impositions, as the " Brummsgem worthies" have al-
ready issued gold-brass nuggets so nicely made and
weighted that many persons had been deceived. These
tests were specific gravity; mechanical properties, such
as malleability, gold being easily beaten out on the
anvil, whilst copper or iron pyrites would break into
small pieces on account of their brittleness. They also
yielded a smell of sulphur when thrown in powder on
red hot shovel, whilst gold did not produce any odour.
To distinguish brass nuggets or filings, a few simple
materials only were required, viz, some acids, tinfoil,
and iron nails—the acids, aqua fortis, and spirits of
salts, being used as the solvent of the metal under exa-
mination. A solution of the tinfoil in spirits of salts
yielded a purple colour (the famous purple of Caniaa)
with gold only; and the solution of iron in sulphuric
acid precipitated the precious metal as a brown powder.
sedTihstei7eteiffoenc atswovuerldy
expeditiousenablethe
memanigurearn, tthteo
omnlaykaeptphae.
ratus required being three four- ounce bottles and a
saucepan. The lecturer, in conclusion, observed that
full intormation on the subject could be obtained in the
large laboratory of the institution, where classes met
daily to learn the art of assaying and flexing gold and
silver ores.

THE METROPOLITAN C ATI LE MARKET
QUESTION.
On all sides there is an outcry against the formation
of the Metrorolitan Cattle Market in Copenhagen-fields,
as we ex-eeted there would be us soon as the determi-
nation became known. Without meanieg any,. disre-
spect. we zuu3t say that the Hume Secretar)-ut State
has not done his duty iu the matter. Under
any
a thebl y
ordinary Act of Parliament notices won
have been required, which would have
enabled these who were interested
toobject
to be protected
the present case the public were supposed intention prominently before the publizeacetdiewotiuralde.halvee
I, requiring in the
as to the selection of a fitting to
Bid
by one of her blitroupgrohbt
judicial °slib lef
it would
Act that it should be approved
estate: there is no other
Ma-
jesty'smpraortkece
protection
i principal nc
whateveri
Finsburypa l S Secretaries
againsttrac ri ils.eas 0 s
removal of the present
fethe Artillery-ground, or
h neighbourhood, if the
any other nice open site is
it;
and yet Mr. Walpole
Corporation could quietly
for any Secretary of State to
powers, examine witnesses,
the site as
:is approval required? It was pointed
said,antaked
make
it
apwouldkoen a
01
himself eisarrey 0
Why, then,bywalultation that a church had been built,
out to him dePd closely adjoining the proposed site,
squares cornrow:o
d_
i is already, indeed, surrounded by a
and that almost as dense as the neighbourhood from
n e igh
their-
w ~.
nws:hparto,pwosee to remove the market; with this
a o
residence - • t for their business, those residing
s convenient
there in consequence of its contiguity to the
marke, a
neighbourhood of Copenhagen-fields had chosen
• the
neighbourhood,. and in the full conviction that
bP d oil s uP ti
population
t o;d7-oa f. Smithfield h dre
as
hada e inhabitants
principal all chosen
cinhothseen
mi: 18;1:160i consequence of its being a respectable and orna-
—ey would not be disturbed by the establishment of a
nuisanceth almost at their very doors. Those citizens who
in 1380 petitioned that the butchers might be forced to
kill their beasts at " Knyghtsbrigg" (Knightsbridge), or
some other place equally distant from the city, looked a
great deal further into the future than those who would
now remove the nuisance of Smithfield into Copenhagen-
fields, surrounded on all sides by houses, and towards
which the town tide is unquestionably setting in.—
Builder.

ST. PANCRAS.-WRIT OF MANDADIUS.-OR Sa.
turday, the 120 vestrymen, and 40 directors of the poor of
St. Pancras, were served byliessrs. Sharpe, Field, and Jack-
son, the solicitors to the Poor-law board, with copies of a
writ of mandamus, issued by the Court of Queen's Bench,
to compel the authorities of the parish to reinstate Mr-
Eaton in his office of master of the workhouse, from which
he was dismissed some weeks since by the vestryt f
alleged misconduct, and without the consent of the roar
law board.

ENDEAVOUR TO RAISE THE DUCHESS ON KNNT
et material'
STEAMER.—During the week, and up to Saturday, the moat
strenuous efforts have been made, under the superultendence
of Mr. Green, the engineer, to float this vessel, which, it will
be recollected, was run down off Northfleet some fortnight
since, by coming in collision with the Ravensbo,,rneeen, A
-b
"werr.
steamer. So far the only progress made has
.. that she
strength
has been got in shore about one hundred feeott,tEossibly she
might have been raised by this time, b.. I!
for the immense weight of the vessel. It is so far Satisfac-
tory ed beyond all
that the divers have ascertained
vessel.T doubt that
employed in the operation been found of indifferent
no bodies remain in the unfortunate he Admiralty
having been made acquainted required,
have, in the most liberal and prompt in
es of the necessary
given direc-
tions for cables, as well as barges e necessary tonnage,
to be forwarded to the locality of the disaster. With these
adjuncts certain
hopes arc entertained of ultimately floating
the vessel. Alma, SERVICE. --At the present time
there are two steamersfernPmYed to perform the Indian
mail service between Lou..hampton and Alexandria. It is
the Oriental
intended by Company that one steamer more
• shall do the service on the line ice next year (when it will be
double what it is at present) owing to the increase of speed
that has been and will be attained on that line. The Alex-
andrian steamers now go out and return in a month, in-
cluding all stoppages. At the present time the Indian mail
is only sent once a month from Southampton, next year it
will be sent every fortnight. Upwards of sixty persons
have already taken berths in the Peninsular Company's
screw steamer Formosa, which leaves for Australia neat
mouth.