The Sun.
London, England, 1852-10-09 00:00:00

LON DON, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 9. 1852,,

" Now, we will not consent to anything like indirect
burdens on free trade. If there is a surplus revenue,
I want to apply it to other purposes—eto those
general purposes from which the whole population
will derive an advantage. I wish that the people
of this country should have their tea as cheap
as the people of the United States of America and
of Australia. At present tea is sold at three
hundred times more than its value; that is to
say, that you pay 33. upon every one shilling's
worth of tea to the public treasury. I want to reduce
it in price, and instead of drinking, as a friend of
mine termed it, stained or coloured water, I want the
people to have good wholesome tea. I think the
surplus revenue should be applied to reduce the tea
and other duties on articles of consumption. There
is nothing in the world so obnoxious as dirt. At
present we have to pay 1,500,000/. for having our
linen and our skins clean—that is the duty upon
soap. That duty ought to be abolished. I will not
give the surplus to the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHE-
QUER for the purpose of relieving the agricultural
classes, because I deny that the agricultural classes
have any peculiar burdens at all."—ln fact, the Le-
gislature, chiefly composed of landlords, have carefully
provided the Agriculturists with numerous exemp-
tions from the burthens which therefore fall un-
equally upon other classes. We need only mention
two instances out of many—fire insurance and
the income-tax—in which the Agriculturists
have been favoured by Class Legislation.
Like other publicists, who have seen and felt in
what manner the Whigs in office have failed to act
up to the professions and promises they made when
out of it, Mr. MACGREGOR is for giving the DERBY
Ministry a fair trial. Of the late Ministry and their
clique he says—" We have, on the other hand, great
biddings for political capital from members of the late
Government in the way of liberal principles ; and I
shall be delighted to find that they are sincere in
their democratic aspirations, but I shall never con-
sent to give them power, but I would like first to
form a social contract with them, that will prevent
them from forming a family clique or compact, which
the moment they get into office would despise the
actual wishes of the people, inasmuch as they
have a hereditary tradition which leads them to
entertain the idea that they alone have a divine right
to breed the statesmen of the British empire. I
want to show them that such a Government cannot
now possibly exist in this country."—This
is pungent, because it is true. The "snug family
party" which recently were " at home" in Downing-
street are much deceived if they think that Office is
to be theirs by hereditary right and mutual agree-
ment. We find Lord Jour; RUSSELL now bidding
largely for office, at Perth and Stirling, by holding
out great expectations of Liberal measures, if the
country will only try him once more—but the coun-
try has a right to ask, how it happened that, in the
six years which have passed since Sir ROBERT PEEL'S
Cabinet was dissolved, these Liberal measures were
not introduced ? What security can the Noble Lord
give tbat, on return to office, he would not re-
sume the do-nothing policy ? If the Past is to
be the prophet of the Future, there is no
hope that the RUSSELL-GREY-ELLIOT clique will
adopt the principles of Progress. Mr. MACGREGOR,
who knows them well, emphatically declares that
" such a Government cannot now possibly exist in
this country."

We have described Mr. MACGREGOR'S oratory as
being plain, expressive, and free from tinsel orna-
ment. At times, however, this plain-speaking man
produces effects such as the most eloquent might be
proud of. Truth is the " great fact" of his speeches,
and its expression sometimes rises into what, in effect,
is highly poetical. His definition of Democracy is an
example, and to our taste is preferable to the familiar
simile of the ship " reposing on her own stately
shadow," in CANNING'S celebrated speech. We sub-
join Mr. MACGREGOR'S words :
" There is a wide difference between a democrat and a
demagogue—a democrat is one of the people. Demo-
cracy is not well understood, because it is confounded
with the word demagogue; but democracy properly un-
derstood is the most sound, most constitutional, and
most healthy of all the denominations that, under Pro-
vidence, possibly dwells upon the earth. We borrow it
from an old Greek word, ' Demos,' which means the
people. I have always said I was a man of the people;
that I was one of the demos,' and consequently I am a
democrat. Now, when I hear people speaking against
democracy I want to know what they that have opposed
democracy, and who spurn us, the people, have done;
and I put the question to myself, what has democracy
done? Now, I wish to explain that word to you be-
cause a great deal of evil goes forth in reference to
the word without explanation. Democracy means
all those engaged in industrious pursuits, whether
in science or labour, in tilling the ground,
in • digging the ditches—whether as merchants,
manufacture rs, or navigators—whether they are
engaged in mechanical operations, or whether they are
those ingenious men who have made the discoveries cf
those powers which God has given to the intellect and
hand of man, to exercise in great and good works, and I
put the question to myself, what have they done? In
the first place, democracy were the inventors of and dis
covered everything connected with agriculture, manu-
factures, and navigation. Columbus discovered Ame-
rica, and Vasco di Game discovered the new route round
the world. Who have constructed our ships and canals?
It was the democracy. But I comp back to your own river
Clyde, Who have deepened it and made it navigable up to
the Broomielaw ? It was the democracy. Who opened
up the mineral riches between the Forth and Clyde, and
to bring forth your coal and iron. It was democracy, and
I defy those who oppose you to say anything to the con-
trary. Who built the great steam-ships that bridge the
Atlantic? The democracy. Who are constructing your
iron ships on the banks of the Cl} de? It is the demo-
cracy. Who were they that invented printing, the
steam-engine, the power-loom, cut the canals through
the kingdom, construcied your docks, railways, built
your cities, and brought your cotton, cloth, and iron
manufactures to such perfection? It was the democracy.
Who have made your fashionable attires in cotton, and
silk, and wool? It has been the democracy. From
what did we derive all the power of a nation, and enabled
the Government to tax a people, and to exhibit the gran-
deur of princes and of kings? Was it nut from the
labour of the democracy ?"

We envy not the man who can read the foregoing
(and particularly the practical illustrations with
which it concludes) without having his soul stirred
within him. It h eloquence of the highest order, and
what makes it so is, the fact that every word of it is
true

SIR CHARLES AND SIR WM. STE WART.
[We are anxious to direct the particular attention
of our readers to the subjoined communication ad-
dressed to us by Lord Londonderry—as, in our lead-
ing article of the 2d instant, inadvertent mention was
made of the gallantry of Sir W. Stewart, in seizing
Colonel Lamotte in the cavalry skirmishes at the
battle of Fuentes d'Onore, instead of particularizing
the daring charge at the heights of Benevente, where,
in the midst of the nzaie, General Lefebvre-Des-
nouettes, commander of Napoleon's Imperial Guard,
was taken prisoner by Sir C. Stewart, now the Mar-
rink of Londonderry. Thi3 inadvertency, us must
be obvious at a glance, originated in the circumstance
of the Peninsular Wars being illustrated by the per-
sonal bravery of two distinguished officers of the same
name—mentioned by Alison, and others, somewhat
confusedly as " General Stewart," without the prefix
of the Christian name, which would at once mark Sir
William Stewart as the brother of Lord Galloway,
and Sir Charles Stewart as the brother of Lord Cas-
tlereagh.—ED. Sun.] ,

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SlR,—Permit me to remark that an error has crept
in in your too flattering review of my humble services,l was not at Albuera, but with the Duke moving
from from the Agueda.
It was my valued, gallant, and ever to be lamented
friend General Sir William Stewart, brother of Lord
Galloway, an officer, nulli secundus, who was in com-
mand under Beresrord at that battle.
It was not in the many successful cavalry skir-
mishes and attacks with my gallant comrades in ad-
vance of Fuentes D'Honor, that General Le
Fevre (not Lamotte, of Bonaparte's Imperial Guard,)
was, taken ; but when I commanded and charged, and
in the mage with the picquets and rear-guard of
throughcoimio,
Commander
ainn
gGd
mfcui
eal
fully
Lord Anglesey's cavalry, at the affair of the Heights
of Benavente, covering the movement of our then
gallant and incomparable chief, Sir John Moore,
The public dispatches of our greatly distinguished
beexpplaaridnoahleldt hefos dr
etails.
Roping
I remain,
18c Sir,6o2uy.notuyr
Avnertyrimob:dient servant,
to
Tower of Garron
Oct. 5, ,VANE LONDONislesD'aElllutslitoY".

' The Right Hon. Sr.*ncer Walpole, Secretary of
State for the Home Department, arrived here last night by
express train from London, and leaves to-day for Bal-
moral, to relieve Sir John Pakington, Colonial Secretary,
as Minister
of Thursday.in Waiting upon the Queen.—Edinburgh I" aver
We regret to learn that Edward Auchmuty
Glover, Esq., still continues indisposed. The Learned Gen-
tleman has been ordered to take a sea voyage for the benefit
of his health, and left Southampton on Thursday by the
Peninsular and Oriental Coorany's steamer, the Tagus, for
the Mediterranean.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
The Government has received the following tele-
graphic dispatches :
" Toulouse, Oct. 6, Three in the Afternoon.
"Yesterday evening, at eight o'clock, the Prince went
to the Capitol, and having appeared at the balcony was
received by upwards of 50,600 spectators with cries of
Viva l'Empereur!" Vivo Napoleon 111. !' At the
theatre, which presented a fairy-like coup d'ccil, the en-
thusiasm was of an indescribable energy. The ladies
waved their handkerchiefs to the cry of ' Vive l'Empe-
reur I O❑ his return the crowd encumbered the streets
to see the Prince, and greeted him with the same ac-
clamations. This morning, at seven o'clock, his High-
❑ess quitted Toulouse. Notwithstanding that it rained
heavily, the population was collected on his passage,
and greeted him most warmly. Language fails to express
the enthusiasm of his reception st Toulouse."
" Agen, Half-past Five in the Evening.
"The Prince is now entering the town, and is re-
ceived with the greatest enthusiasm by the population
and the garrison. The acclamations are unaninaJtis, and
the cry of Vive l'Empereur ! ' universal. His High-
ness is in perfect health."
" Half-past Six in the Evening.
" In spite of the rain, his Highness was received by en
immense crowd, who cried ' Viva l'Empereur."lhe
clergy, with the bishop at their head, received the Prince
at the cathedral. His arrival at the Prefecture was the
occasion of a new explosion of cries of Viva l'Em-
pereur!' and of an avalanche of bouquets and wreaths
of flowers."

" Oct. 7, Seven in the Morning.
" The Prince gave a dinner of forty covers last evening
at the Prefecture. The presentation of the authorities
took place afterwards, and the ladies were received.
Everywhere the presence of his Highness produced the
most lively enthusiasm. The Fetes des Graviers was
magnificent, and at night the town was brilliantly illu-
minated. The Prince has just taken his departure in
the midst of the most enthusiastic acclamations. No-
where did sis Highness receive a more cordial reception,
and he appeared much moved at its warmth. The state
of the weather promises an easy passage."
" Bordeaux, Oct. 7, Half-past Four Evening.
" The Prince has just arrived at Bordeaux. Every-
where the people on the two banks of the river saluted
him with enthusiastic manifestations and with cries of
Vivo l'Empereurr The entry into Bordeaux ex-
ceeded anything that could have been imagined."

" Seven in the Evening.
" Bordeaux has surpassed all that we have hitherto
seen, and I shall renounce the idea of describing the
pomp and enthusiasm of the reception given to the
Prince. The vessel which bore him landed him at the
Quinconce; his Highness then mounted on horseback,
and went to the Place, where the filing off immediately
c
ctrn
eeiof
vupeatr cleenti
airvmheohrwesnerehai nwNvi
wjr
sceedaoel
pdrspusdeaotir,
traversed
aaaezamidstnacvoi3,aeolne onurduri
Iremudneel edtldpoira.
buspyxtyehi repeated
teTadht
tetehehdcehvemi
half-pastaitcriesyrioofd most
set
tpniopexadt
deputations
tftgsluai
ao'sgt
Tyfii Vhoaot
shosunt
efmirvsut,eili
hamlobwp'
eTEfpupe
cathedral.
naetsteahpi
hdrneeeisgdee. unrmroe ! e
a.
cer-
tainl
that the arrests made in the department of the
Haute-L)ire are connected with the plot discovered
at Marseilles. It is said that letters of a most com-
promising character have been discovered which bad
been exchanged between the two parties whose arrest
has been mentioned. One of these letters, written
from Brioude some few days before the discovery of
the Menial machine, states, from a coincidence which
may bays serious consequences for the writer, that in
a very short time "on allait en finir avec la bour-
geoisie," and it recommended the person to whom it
was addressed at Puy to take courage and to be pa-
tient forfora few days. Two Montagnard ex-represen-
tatives, tie most violent in the department, had visited
Brioude vithin the last month, where they had held
meetings as secretly as possible, but not without their
movements having been noticed by the police. It is
generally thought that M. DE ST. FERREOL will be im-
plicated in the plot of Marseilles, and transferred to
Aix to be tried with the others at the Court of Assizes.
A decree of the PRINCE PRESIDENT, dated Carcas-
sonne, the 4th, opens an extraordinary credit of
500,000 f. to the Ministry of Public Works for the
repair of the damages caused by the inundation of the
Rhine.

The Meniteur publishes an immense number of
addresses from different Councils and other public
bodies to tbs PRINCE PRESIDENT expressive of grati-
tude for th.) important services that he has rendered to
society, and of their desire to see his power placed on
a sure and durable foundation. In addition to these
addresses several mere Councils of Arrondissement
have passed resolutions in favour of the re-establish-
ment of the Empire.
Nine Government engineers are,with its permission,
at present employed in executing
.public works in
foreign countries—namely, M. Potrel, employed in
the works of the port of Leghorn ; 111. Lalanne, em-
ployed in laying out railways in Wallachi ; M.
Lamarle, in Belgium ; M. Bequin, employed in form-
ing railways in Moldavia ; M. Mougel, employed in
barring the Nile ; M. Michel, in the Roman States ;
M. Faraguet, in Peru ; M. Fresnaux and M. Leferne,
charged with improving the navigation of the Ebro,
in Spain, and with irrigations in the provinces com-
prised between Saragossa and the sea.

It may be remembered that on the 27th August
last, the well-known somnambulist ALEXIS, and eight
females of the same profession, named DESrONTAINES,
VASSEUR, TALBERT, ROGER, OCTA VIE, JOUISSIN,
VALERA JOUISSIN, and PIRENE, were cited before
the Tribunal of Simple Police, on the charge of
having deceived the public by the exercise of their
art. Al. JULES FAVRE, on their behalf, argued at
great length that somnambulism is not fortune-
telling, or divining of dreams, which are prohibited
under
pain of fine and imprisonment by the penal
code, but a regular science, which, though still en-
veloped in mystery,. has attracted the serious atten-
tion of, and believed in by, many very learned
men. The Tribunal took time to consider its judg-
ment, and yesterday was fixed for the delivery of it.
It declared that even if the accused had, as they re-
presented, the power by means of a magnetic fluid of
seeing with their eyes bandaged, of indicating the
nature of maladies, of giving information respectiog
absent persons, and of stating where stolen things are
to be found, they did not the less violate the penal
code, inasmuch as all such things constitute what is
called fortune-telling and divining. It accordingly
condemned each of the defendants to five days' im-
prisonment, 15f. fine, and the costs.
The Bourse was remarkably firm, with a great deal
of business doing. The Four-and-u-Half per Cents.
opened at 105 f. 35c., and closed at 1051. 40c., for
the end of the month; the Three per Cents.
closed at 78: 90c.; Orleans Railway Shares, 1,4751.;
5371. 50c ; Basle, 3271 50c.; Paris and
s
701 • Paris and Lyons, 872 f. 50c.; Lyons
and Avignon, 647 f. 50c.; Western of France, 6831. 75c.;
St. Dizier to Gray, 5461. 25c. Rouen,so
t:a ;
sbu r 9go , Avignon,Ot
7.; Havre, 4081. 75c.; Great Northern, 7421,
B"tiIESS DiJAN r. AN IA ()REIGN RAILWAYS AT TUE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, Oar. 8.
Charleroi and Erquelines, 15%—Dijon and Besancon, 3%
—East Indian, 28—Luxembourg, B—Lyons and Avignon,
103 A—Madras, 7%—Paris, Caen, and Cherbourg,
Flanders, 434—Western of France, 133.
Rouen and Havre, 161/I—Sambre and Meuse, 10—West

I united together, do not oppose an insurmountable ob-
stacle to it. Prince Louis Napoleon is really, for France
and even for the whole of Europe, the incarnation of
the Conservative principle, and he appears to be des-
tined by Providence to serve as the instrument to pre-
serve order in the world. The danger which he has in-
curred cannot but render him dearer to France; he is re-
presented to the French nation as the symbol of a sacred
principle, the realization of which is connected with
his person. The nation will unanimously decree him
the Imperial crown, and will probably add to it heredi-
tary rights and the right of adoption, in order that,
when he shall be no more, it may continue to enjoy the
order and security which have been founded by him.
As the infernal machine, formerly directed against his
uncle, only tended to hasten his accession, so will the
dangers which threatened the life of Louis Napoleon
hasten his elevation to the Imperial dignity. There
exists, however, a great diff,rence between these two
events. Whilst the uncle had adopted the principle of
conquest, or whilst, at least, he never hesitated to resort
to arms, the nephew, since he has been called on to
direct the destinies of France, has proved in the most
incontestable manner, that he respected actual interna-
tional rights, and that he did not follow a political sys-
tem contrary to that of Europe. Thus, the accession of
the uncle gave rise to apprehensions for the future,
whilst that of the nephew opens the perspective of a
long peace, and of the unalterable maintenance of the
political system of Europe."
The Austrian Lloyds of Vienna announces that
all the Frenchmen residing in that city have been in-
formed that their passports will only b© considered
good for a year, and that at the expiration of that
period they must apply to the French Embassy for a
new permission to remain.
General VON HAYNAU has returned to Gratz ; he
is having a handsome mausoleum erected in the
churchyard of St. Leonard.

THE ARCTIC EXPEDITION.

ABERDEEN, THURSDAY EVENING.

The Prince Albert has just arrived, bringing no
accounts of Sir John Franklin. She wintered in
Baffin's Bay, searched Prince Regent's Inlet, disco-
vered a channel on the west of North Somerset,
traversed it with sledges, and round by Port Leo-
pold, but found no traces of the missing expedition.

. .
The Prince Albert got as far north as Beechy
Head.

On the 191 of August last she fell in with the
North Star. The expeditions had passed up Wel-
lington Channel early in the season. The channel
was open, and quite free from ice.

The Prince Albert left the ice on the 233 of Au-
gust, and brings dispatches from the North Star.
The officers and crew were all well.

The Davis' Straits fishery wa3 a failure. Up to
August only six fish had been taken between all the
ships. The Regalia, of Kirkcaldy, had been lost ;
also an American whaler.

The following are fuller particulars of this expe
dition

The Prince Alb?rt left Aberdeen on the 224 of
May last year, the search being under the direction of
William Kennedy, Esq., who had long been connected
with the Hudson Bay Company. The main object
of the expedition was to get if possible on the track
of Sir John Franklin, assuming that he had fol-
lowed out his instructions to seek a passage going
south-west by Cape Walker. The Prince Albert
made the ice on the 22d of June, and crossed to
the west side in 72.30 north latitude; got to
Ponds Bay on the 24th of August, and there saw
four natives, but found that they had heard nothing of
Sir John Franklin. They then proceeded up Lan-
caster Sound, where they encountered heavy gales of
east wind, and by the time they reached Barrow
Straits, on September 4, the ice had barred the pas-
sage. They then made for Port Leopold for shelter,
and here Mr. Kennedy landed in a boat with six men,
and was proceeding to make inquiries, when a
barrier of ice got between the ship and the
land, and the weather being still bad, with a strong
current, the vessel was carried up Prince Regent's
Inlet as far as Batty Bay, leaving Mr. Kennedy and
his boat's crew on shore. Unable to return
to Port Leopold, Captain Leask tried to reach Fury
Point, but did not succeed, and getting into Batty
Bay came to anchor there, where M. Bellot, the
French gentleman who accompanied Mr. Ken-
nedy, left the ship with four men for Port Leopold
on the 17th of October. Here Mr. Kennedy and
his men had remained in a state of great anxiety for
six weeks, but getting at the provisions which were
left by Sir John Ross they enjoyed excellent
health. Returning with M. Blllot to Batty Bay the
ship was housed for the winter, snd preparations
made for searching during the time she would be
fast. They started with sledges on the 24th of
February, with a party of 14 men, stopped a short
time at Fury Point, then crossed Melville Bay, got as
far west as Brentford Bay, and here discovered a
channel, about two miles broad, leading westward,
and opening up a bay by the northern coast of
North Somerset. A fatigue party of six men pushed
up this new channel, walking and sledging it, in
72 deg. north latitude and 100 deg. west longitude,
while eight men returned to the ship from Brentford
Bay. Mr. Kennedy and M. Ballot were of the
advanced party, traversing the north coast of
Somerset, round by Port Leopold, and arriving
at the ship on the 30th of May. This was
a most difficult and trying journey, the
weather being thick and stormy. The di-
rect distance from the ship to this channel would
be GOO miles; the distance traversed was fully 1,200
miles. But in all this search, which included also a
search of Cape Walker, no new traces were found of
Sir John Franklin. During the time that Mr. Ken-
nedy was out, Dr. Cowie, with a party of four men,
crossed Cresswell Bay to the water on the west side of
North Somerset, but was alike unsuccessful.

Scurvy now unfortunately appeared among the
men, and they had a sickly time of it from May to
July, but a party getting down then to Port Leo-
pold, Mr. Kennedy was able to procure anti-scor-
butic medicines and food, and the crew then gradually
got better.
On the 6th of August last summer they got out of
Batty Bay, and proceeded northward, intending to
go to Griffith's Island. They reached Beechy Is-
land on the 19th of August, and falling in with the
North Star, stationed with provisions for the use of
the Franklin Expedition, and learning that the
other vessels had passed up Wellington Channel,
Mr. Kennedy deemed it useless to proceed further
north and concluded to return home. At the time
he left Beechy Island, Wellington Channel was
open and free from ice as far as the telescope
could command a view, and it is the opinion of Mr.
Kennedy, as well as of the officers of the North
Star, that from the remarkable openness of the season,
the searching squadron would occupy a more ad-
vanced position than any of the previous expeditions
could reach. Describing the state of this channel to
Captain Penny, who is at present in Aberdeen, that
gentleman expressed his firm conviction that if the
steamers are pushed forward with energy they might
get through at Behring's Straits.
The crew of the Prince Albert are all in good
health and spirits. Mr. Kennedy has brought
dispatches for the Admiralty from the North Star, and
proceeds with them to-morrow morning by first train
for London. The expedition it will be remembered
was fitted out entirely at the expense of Lady Frank-
lin, and, although it has not been successful in the
main object of its search, the discovery of this new
channel and the search of Prince Regent's Inlet and
North Somerset will tend to concentrate efforts now
entirely on Wellington Channel as the only hope of
discovering Sir John Franklin.

DAVIS'S STRAITS FISHERY.

The accounts brought by the Prince Albert are of
a very discouraging character. The Regalia, 'of
Kirkcaldy, and the American ship M`Leland were
wrecked ; crews saved. The True Love, of Hull,
had three fish ; the Ann, of Hull, two. The ships
did not get to the westward, and were fishing in
Cumberland Straits.

A heavy snow storm has fallen in the north of
Scotland. On Thursday the mountains on Dee-side
were covered with snow, and winter appeared to have
set in thus early.