The Sun.
London, England, 1852-11-27 00:00:00

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At the meeting of the above institution, held on 23rd
November—James Meadows Rendel, Esq..
' president,
the likely
to
fewgeneralpoints,ruins thit
now disinterred themost daisnccusiensitc'citr est
remains of drains had been found, and the Cloa ea
Maxima formed part of the wonders of ancient Rome.
Politically, the question of sewerage was very urgenl,
as the general health of the population influenced, to a
important extent, the amount of misery, pauperism, vice,
and crime existing in every city ; and the increasing
numbers, as shewn by the census, demonstrated the ne-
cessity for providing for the extension of ail large towns.
In 1841, the population of 117 districts, comprising the
chief towns, was 6,612,958 souls. In 1851, in the same
districts, the number was 7,795, 958. Disease had been
rife in those districts, but it was ..thewn, that much of it
might have been averted by timely. sanitary precautions.
It was, however, to the social enct of town drainage
that the attention of civil enginee rs would be most
naturally directed, as under that head the leading prin-
ciples of.s.ctual practice and the proposod modifications,
must be, brought forward and discussed.
The questions of forms, dimensions, fall, cost, &c., of
large and small sewers were passed over, with the re-
mark, that they were matters of detail, to 1.:%e fixed b
y
the knowledge and experience of the engineer, .contend
ing, however, that the system most deserving c sanmen-
dation was that which enabled the greatest ex.
sewerage of
sewerage to be well and cheaply accomplished.
The position of the outlet, would be governed by
.na-
tural local conditions • and the dimensions would
fixed, by the area arid the number of houses to
drained.
The material of construction was a question dependent
entirely on experience and practice ; earthenware pipes
were, however, according to the author's views, the
most economical and effective for all sewers and drains,
within the capacity of the material.
It was contended that town sewers could not receive
the excessive flood waters, even of the urban portion of
the site ;. they should never receive the suburban drain-
age, nor be combined with watercourses -, they 'shoal&
be adapted solely to remove the solid and liquid refuse
from the houses ; and that it was safer for the
inhabitants that there should be no sewers at all,
rather than they should be of such dimensions as
to become places of deposit. Pumping could be pro-
fitably adopted in certain situations, where, from the
level, or the effect of tidal influence, the outlet flow
might be checked. Intercepting sewers at mid-level
were approved. Sewers of minimum dimensions
were advocated, in connexion with pumping, and they
should be capable of resisting internal hydraulic pres-
sure, in case of the water rising in them.
The flow through sewers should be constant, and it
was argued, this could only be secured by having small
conduits.
The extraordinary fall of rain at Birmingham, in
July, 1845, when nearly 2 inches of rain fell, in half
an hour, equivalent to 9.091 gallons per square yard, or
44,000.440 gallons per acre, was used as an argument
against the building of large sewers, below the level of
the cellars, which, to be of service, must be capable of
carrying off the heaviest rain-fall.
It was contended, that the maximum surface water
could not be passed through the sewers, but the natural
surface outlet, should be retained, to assist in carrying
off the flood waters from the streets of large cities ;
though the fact of town sewers not having been origi-
nally intended to receive house drainage, or soil, was
prominently noticed. The want of connexion between
the houses and the sewers, in many parts of the metro-
polis, the absolute disconnexion at Paris, and the pro-
hibitory law, only recently repealed, at Liverpool, being
quoted.
With regard to eathenware pipes, 3 inches diameter
was considered too small for any drain pipes, and .30
inches diameter, too large, for the material of which
they were made.
Pipes of 4 inches diameter would probably be found.
the least sectional area, that should be used for house.
&a, w, and 9 inches for streets, and then not at a less
grad ent than one in sixty. It was decided, that the
beneficial use of pipe sewers could not be pushed beyond
certain limits ; but the system should not be entirely
condemned, because it had been carried to extremes by
those who- wanted experience.
The general success of the use of egg-shaped pipe
sewers, at Vanchester, was given as an example of the
advantageous adoption of the pipe system.
The various kind of joints were described, and it was
recommended, not to use pipes of larger diameter than
about 15 inches, larger sizes were apt to be fractured,
from unequal bearing at the joints. The difficulty of
moulding, drying, and burning pipes, increased, probably,
as the squares of the diameters ; if large pipes
were moulded too thin, they were liable to be crushed in
the finished sewer, and if they were moulded of extra
strength, the wet pipes collapsed with their own weight,
in drying, were twisted out of shape in burning, or were
imperfectly vitrified.
Sewers of radiated bricks, moulded for the purpose,
were better and cheaper than large earthen pipes ; a
sewer thus constructed, 3 feet in diameter, being cheaper
than one of pottery pipe of 20 inches diameter ; their
relative capacities being as the squares of their diame-
ters • and there was no reason why brick sewers should
not 'be as smooth within and as impervious as any
pottery pipe.
After treating of side junctions, galley holes, drain
traps, and ventilation, the use of cast iron conduits, in
certain bad soils, was advocated, and as a summary,
it was stated, that all sewers should be below the level
of the cellars, and should be specially adapted to the
work they had to perform. Rivers and natural streams
should not form part of any system of town drainage,
and in low districts the sewers should be capable of re-
sisting internal pressure. Free outlets should be pre-
served, whether from intercepting, or low sewers ; all
small drains should be circular, and large ones oval, or
,egg-shaped ; the largest radius should be adopted
wad there should be extra fall in the curves ; all sewers
an,d drains should be impervious to water, and should
pre:lent even and smooth surfaces ; the gradient of all
interrupted, and the materials used should be such as
would ;resist rapid wear and bursting ; wherever it was
,hforthUleY-
practicaVe the outlet should be very free, and in all
cases coviplete ventilation must be provided for. All
large- sewers in steep ground, should be modified, or
drained, in
heinoutwleilitsc
asto
exist, except
mention :if cesspools was omitted, as no locality could
timate use, f,'9l- agricultEral purposes.
The true pu.
Trose of Town Sewerage must be considered,
as the removal, vith the utmostrapidity, from the vicinity
of dwelling houses, and the sites of cities and towns, all
wbeereccipnesrmiidiled
the refuse, which being liable to decomposition, could be
conveyed away in water,. and the more perfectly this
could be accomplish' d, the better would be the work,
and the greater the casedit due to the Engineer.
The discussion of the Paper was commenced, but wag
adjourned until the meeting of Tuesday, November 30th,
when it was announced, itikat the whole of the evening
,evoted to it.

[ PRICE 5D .

PATRON—H R. H. PRINCE ALBERT.
ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
ENTIRELY NEW EXHIBITION. —An OPTICAL and
MUSICAL ILLUSTRATION of "A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S
DREAM," the Worth fromdDr Shakspere, the Music
vening' by ,
Horn, S tev
Saturens,
Henry West, Bishop, an. Cooks, every Except
day, at Half-past Nine.—LECTURE by Mr. Crisps on BALLOONING
and the PHCSPECTS of AERIAL NAVIGATION, illustrated by a
twantiral Modrl of POITEVIN' 4 PAR ',CHUTE, GREENS
Esq.. ' GUE
ROPE, DIAGRAMS. &c.—LECTURES by J. H. Pepper, ID
on
CHEMISTRY, and by Dr. Bachhoffner on FRICTIONAL ELEC-
TRICITY. illustrated by the 11Y11110-ELECTRIC MACEIINE.—
DISSOLVING VIEWS, with Tocal and Instrumental Accompani-
ment, including Views of WAL MER CASTLE, WALbi ER CHURCH,

&c.
Admission, Is. ; Schools and6dC. hildren under ten years of age,
each.

LATTRENT'S GRAND CASINO.
ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street,
St. James's,
Lessee, Charles Emile Laurent, Onslow House, Brompton-road,
Licensed pursuant to Act of Parliament, 25th of King George IL,
Are Re-opened for the Winter Season.
During the recess the Rooms have been entirely Re-docoratecl, by
G. S. itryer, regardless of cost.
Laurent's Matchless Band every evening. Principal C
orneLa-
Piston, M. Boulcourt.
Admission—ONE SHILLING.
Doors open at Half-past Eight o'clock. Dancing to comment* at
Nine, and terminate at Half-past Eleven.

WANDLE WATER AND SEWAGE COM.
PANY, for the Supply of Water to the Metropolis South
of the Thames, at constant and high service. To be incorpora.ed by
Act of Parliament, whereby the responsibility of Shareholders will
be limited to the amount of their subscription.
Capital 500,0001., in Shares of 101. each. Deposit 10s. per Share.

TRUSTEES.
Sir James Duke, Bart., M.P.
The Hon. P. J. Locke King, M.P.
george StOne, Esq., Lombard Street, Banker
_

;;,

Samuel Gurney, Jun., Esq., Lombard Ntrens
Peter Rolt,,Esq., M.P., Clement's Lane
DIRECTORS.
James Baring, Esq., Piccadilly, and Putney Heath. Surrey
William Blount, Esq., London Joint Stock Bank, and Oche 11111
House, Gerrards ross, Bucks
Humphrey Brown, Esq., M.P., Westminster, and Tewkesbury
Thomas Chandler, Esq., Rotherhithe, Surrey
Edward Esdaile, Esq., City Saw Mills, Regent's Canal
William Maseres Fellowes, Esq., Dorset Square, Regent's Park, and
Reigate, Surrey
George D'oller Gowan, Esq., Copthall Court, and Dalwich, Surrey
John Macgregor, Esq., M.P. (late Secretary of the Board of Trade),
Prince's Terrace, Hyde Park
Sir Charles Nightingale, Bart, Kingston, Surrey
The Hon. Hugh Rowley, Relgraye Square, and Wimbledon, Surrey
Charles Reynolds, Esq., Wellington Lodge, CarLshalton, Surrey
Sir John Villiers Shelley, Bart., M.P., Park Lane, and Maresfield
park, Sussex

EITGINI23.
F. P. Thompson, Esq., Water Works Chambers, Orange Street, Tra-
falgar Square

CONSULTING ENGINEERS.
Messrs. Easton & Amos, Grove, Southwark

BANKERS.

The London Joint Stock Bank, Princes Street, and
Messrs. Martin, Stone, & Martin, Lombard Street

BROKERS.
Messrs. Shepherd & Sons, Threadneedle Street, City
Messrs. Carden & 'Whitehead, Exchange Buildings.
Soucrroas.—Messrs Mullins and Paddison
BECRETAKE.—Greenville Fletcher, Esq.
OrricEs.—No. 28, Comhill.
The Metropolis Water Bill passed last Session removes all uncer-
tainty as to the extent of interference by the Legislature with regard
to Water Companies, thereby enabling the Promoters of this Under-
taking to frame their measures to meet all the requirements of the
New Act, and likewise to offer to the capitalist a perfectly Secure
means of investment.
After payment of the Deposit, no call will be made until art Act
be obtained, in which It will be provided that no Call shall exee'ed
U. per Share, or be made at more frequent intervals than thme
months.
Applications for Shares to be made to the Brokers; or to the
Secretary, at the Offices M
of the Company, No. 28, Cornh, where
the plans and models of Mr. Thompson's SUBTEIRANEOUS RESER-
vonts may be seen, and detailed information obtained.
Bth November, 1852. GRENVILLE FLETCHER,
Secretary.

FORM OF APPLICATION FOR SHARES,.
To the Directors of the Wandle Water and Sewage Company.
Gentlemen,—l request you to allot me shares of 101. each,
In the above undertaking, and I agree to accept the same, or any
leas number which may be allotted to me, and to sign the necessary
Deeds, and to pay when required the Deposit and Calls.
Dated this day of 1852.
Name in full .. • • .... • ...... .
Trade or Profession • • • • •• • • •
Address of Referee ••..•• • • • •

FOR MORE MAN ONE GENERATION.
IT is the object of Art and Business to provide
—if they fail in one instance they are not likely to succeed in
another. E. MOSES and SON—having proved afresh this season
their universally acknowledged title to sole inventors of Fashionable
Styles for Winter by hundreds of new Designs for OVERCOATS,
1T RAPPERS, Sce., &c., combining Neatness, Comfort, and Genti-
lity—are now fully prepared to contest the honours of Designers of
New Attire for Young Gentlemen, and thus to prove that their
business is equally conducted for the benefit of Fathers and Children.
E. MOSES and SON'S Juvenile Dress for the ensuing vacation is
distinguished for immense Variety in Materials, these being pro-
cured from the best samples which the most celebrated Manufac-
turers in the World have produced for this season. Being Cut and
Made by the most Talented Artists and Workmen in the Universe,
' their peculiar design renders them graceful, easy, and pleasing, but
in consequence of the materials being purchased previous to consi-
derable advances which have since tasen place, the price of every
article is lower than will be charged elsewhere.