The Sun.
London, England, 1852-10-13 00:00:00

ritip .PAT ..*"
N°.18,740.] LO DON, WEDNESDAY
A, 4 - , • els OCTOBER 13, 1852.

FAIR HEAD HARBOUR and NORTH of
IRELAND MINING COMPANY.
NO FURTHER APPLICATIONS for SHARES in this Company
will be received after THURSDAT next, the 14th instant.
DEVON, Chairman.

THE QUARTERLY REVIEW,
No. CI.XXXII., is published TIIIS DAY.

CONTENTS:
I. British Bards and Stonehenge.
11. lonian Islands,.
111. Irish Salmon.
IV. Dr. Chalmers.
V. Sindh.
VI. Lord Langdale.
VII. Gold Discoveries.
VIII. Parliamentary Prospects.
John Murray, Albemarle-street.

NEW QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. IV. is
just published (pri'..e Hall a-crown).
Contents-1. Retrospect of the Literature of the Quarter-2. Lord
Langdale and Law Reform-3. India: the Trader Sovereign and
the Hindu Slave-4. Book Societies and their Influence on Litera-
ture-5. Modern Taste in Art-6. Indian Poets and their English
Translators—Separate Reviews of every Book, English, American,
French, and German, which has appeared during the last quarter.
Hookham and Sons, 15, Old Bond-street.

Price One Shilling,
INDIA.
I&the DUKE of
MILITARY
WELLINT HISTORY
oN• I
London : Wm. H. Allen and Co., 7, Leadenhall-street.

This day is published, 12m0., ss. cloth,
ROUSE'S COPYHOLD ENFRANCHISE-
MENT MANUAL.
She COPYIIOLD ACT, 1852, with copious Notes, upwards of
Fifty Forms, Suggestions to Lords, Stewards, and Copyholders, pro-
tective of their several interests, and to Valuers in the performance
of their duties ; Rules (twenty in number) for valuing the Lord's va-
rious rights, with Examples and Tables applicable to the Rules, and
a Statement of the Law under the previous Acts. . _

By ROLLA ROUSE, Esq., Barrister-at-Law. Author of
" The Practical Man," &c.. &c.

London: Butterworths, Law Booksellers and Publishers, 7, Fleet-
street.

THE DUKE of WELLINGTON.—Now pub-
lished, the Engraving, by Samuel Cousins, A.E.A., from the
Picture painted by Winterhalter. by command of her Majesty, called
" TIIE FIRST OF MAY, 1851." The Picture represents an inci-
dent which occnt red at Buckinghdin Palace after the return of her
Majesty from the Opening of the Great Exhibition, and contains the
last Portraits of her Majesty, 11.8.11. Prince Albert, Prince
Arthur, and the Duke of Wellington.
Prints, Si. 2s. ; Proofs, 4/. 4s. ; Proofs before letters, GI. Gs. ; Ar-
tists' Proofs, 101. 10s.
Paul and Dominic Colnaghi and Co., Publishers to her Majesty,
13 and 14, Pall-mall East.

TO ARTISTS, INVENTORS, &c., &c.
The Directors of the

ROYAL VOL YTECHN ic INSTITUTION,
PATRON—H. R. H. PRINCE ALBERT,
respectfully give notice that Deposits of General Interest are received
and ably described to tt:e public, free of expense.
The Exhibition, and all the popular Lectures, including Mr. Buck-
land's Lecture on Music, as usual.
A.4mission, Is. ; scnools and Children under Ten years of age,
,lf-nrice. For Flours, see Programme.

AVERY PARTIAL STATEMENT of the
real fact it would he, were we to mention as many new styles
of dress as would fill an ordinary advertisement, the majority would
then be omitted. E. MOSES and SON'S new inventions for the
Autumnal Season are beyond description, and their universal appli-
cation to every kind of dress renders them successive series of no-
velties, to particu'arize which is impossible; but it is the plainest
statement they can make, and the most likely to be fully proved—
that their dress for Youths and Children is wholly reconstructed by
artistes they employ exclusively in that line. Their Overcoat De-
partment presents an array of new styles, securing comfort, gentility
and economy. Dress Suits in magnificent materials all new, and
cut ai,d finished in the highest style. Sporting Dress has received a
complete reformation in Cut, Make, and Materials. The Cut se-
cures comfort, the Make exhibits the most acemnplished workman-
ship, and the Materials are novel, waterproof, and elegant, at prices
much below any other Establishment.
PAROCHIAL AND UNITED EMIGRATION.
These arrangements are likely to
prove beneficial in many re-
spects ; should they fail in any, it will be expenses incurred by pur-
chasing unsuitable outfits. It is not at all probable that Gentlemen
of business habits will recklessly expend the resources of Parochial
or other Institutions on improper and high charged Outfits ; but
they cannot be expected to possess a thorough acquaintance with
the Goods which should be comprised in suitable Outfits. To such,
E. MOSES and SON respectfully offer the advantages of their longer
practical experience in this branch of trade, and will at any time be
happy to exhibit their unequalled Outfits, and gratuitously supply all
needful information to Societies, or to private individuals. The ad-
vantages E. MOSES and SON can confer in Outfitting are of the
most important character—extant of Stock in every kind of Goods,
the most suitable articles, and the best quality. A separate depart-
ment for the convenience of Emigrants and their friends selecting
Outfits ; and what is an important consideration with everyone, the
prices are lower at E. MOSES and SON'S than at any other House in
the world.

Full Lists of Outfits, and all information relative to sailing of
vessels, &c. &c., may be had on application, or post free, to any
part of the kingdom.
CAUTION.—E. MOSES and SON regret having to guard the
public against imposition, haying learned that the untradesmanlike
falsehood of " Being conne3ted with their Establishment," or " It's
the same concern," has been resorted to in many instances, and for
obvious reasons. They beg to state that they have
No CONNEXION WITH ANT OTHER HOUSE IN OR OUT OF LONDON,
except their own Establishments, as follows :

London City Establisnment, 154, 155, 156, and 157, liinories, 83,
84, 85, and 85, Aldgate, opposite the Church, all communicating.
London West-end Branch, 506, 507, 508, New Oziord-street, 1,2,
and 3, Hart-street, all communicating.
Bradford (Yorkshire) Branch, 19, Bridge-street.
Sheffield Branch, 36, Fargate.
Merchant Tailors, Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers Farriers, Boot
and Shoemakers, and General Outfitters for Ladles and Gentlarcer.

The Establishments aro closed from sunset Friday to sur.sai on
Saturdays, when business is resumed till Twelve o'clock.
A new !Book, entitled " The World's Pharos," containing the
Emigrant's Assistant, full list of prices, and directions for self-mea-
surement, may be had on application, or post-free, to any part
of the kingdom.

A handsome Almanac for the year ending 1859 can be had, gratis,
On application.

Id ion parie Francais. 1 Qui si parla Italian°.
Hier spricht man Deutsch. 1 Aqua se habla Espanol.

SEABORNE MAILS.
[ti signifies that the mails aro sent from the General Post-office
by tho aght—an,i M by the morning—dispatch.)

When made up in From what
PLACES. GeneralPoat-office' port dis- When
London; patched. due.
America (by Brit. pkt.)N Oct. 15 .. .. 'Liverpool Oct .18
America (by U.S. pkt.) N Oct. 19 .. ..'Liverpool .. Oct. 13
America (by U.S. pkt.) AI Oct. 13 .. rSouthampt. Oct. 20
Australia (via South-
ampton) 20th ofeach Tr onth Sonthampt. Oct. 24
Ditto (via Marseilles) N,24th ofeach month Dover .. Oct. 19
Ditto, via C. of G. Hope Ni2d & 14th each mo. Plymouth.. Nov. 30
Africa (West coast)" N;l4th 01 the month ;Plymouth
.Alexandria* • • ...... N 19th & 30th of me.' Dover .. Oct. 18
Belgium •. •• N Daily .......Dover .. Daily
Brazil .. Mj9th of the month ISouthampt. Oct. 12
Buenos Ayres • • .. M;9th of the month !Soathampt. Oct. 12
Califonta(viaChagres)3L2d & 17th of month ''Southampt. Oct. 16
Cape of Good Hope N 14t.h of the month Plymouth.. Sept. 26
Cape de Verde N 26 of the month ..1 Plymouth— Sept. 26
Constantinople* N 7th 17th 27th of mo ; Dover Oct. 20
Central America .. 81,2 d & 17th of men. !Southampt. Oct. 16
Channel Isles NlMon., Wed., &Frl.lSouthampt. Tn. Th. Sal
Chili & 17th of moth Southampt. Oct. 16
France .. MIDN Twice daily 'Dover .. Twicedally
Greece* •• Kith 17th27thofmo pover •• Oct. 19
Hamburgh l'iTuesday & Friday London Tael. Sat.
Holland M Wednes. & Satur.;London SuR. Thus
Honduras .. N,l7th of the mouthiSouthanapt. Oct. 16
Ireland .. M & NiTwice daily ..IHolyhead.. Tvvicedally
India (via Southamp.) M 20th of the month'Southanapt. Oct. 24
India (via Marseilles) N Bth& 24th ofmonthlDover •• Oct. 19
India, viaC. of G. Roue N 14th of mouth 'Plymouth.. Nov. 26
Mauritius .. N 14th of month iPlymouth.. „Nov. 26
Mediterranean (via
SouthanTton) •. El 20th of the monthl3outhampt. Oct. 24
Mediterranean (via
Marseilles) N Bth& 24th of montla Dover ..,Oct. 19
Mexico .. M 26 of the month.. Southampt.!lst ea. mo.
Madeira • • .. M 9th of the month Southampt. Oct. 12
Malta* .. i7th,l7th,l9th,27th 2 Dover Oct. 18
&30th of month j
Naples* .. .. •• N sth 15th25thofmo,Dover •- ;Oct. 12
Papal States* .. N ,sth 15th 25th of mo, Dover .. Oct. 12
Peninsula M 7th 17th 27thef mo,SouthamptdOct. 16
Peru .. M 2d & 17th of mnthlS,outhampt.loct. 16
Tuscany* N sth 15th 25th of mo Dover Oct. 12
West Indies M 2d & 17th of mnth Southampt. Oct. 16
Van Diemen's Land (see
Australia).

;ountrica thus mar:
ili CM-

• Tce malls to those c
French packs* via Marsei
The mails for the Weal
de up on the morning of
falling on a Sunday.

:ed ($) are convoyed by

t Indies, r&eific, am
the 18th instant, in

id the Peninsula, will be
consequence of the 17th

abroad, and
NEW NATIONAL GALLERY.
issued have reason to know that instructions have been
This is a pendent proceeding, the Foreign office to some of our Ministers
obtain
andto all
d ofet a themdetails
of inn Europe,esever
al directinggalleries
them to
sub-
ject is likely to
of pictures, their
ginning by deter modes of lighting, arrangement, &c.
be Properly
and batokens that the sub-
metbr9perly considered. In
the building, sacrificing
ground, to a portico the architecture and position of
Instead cf be-
Ogn it to this or that shape of the
on the other, to barracksoane side, to the line of a street
tththe back, to passages uncon-
efabuilding, &c.,
nected with the object of
provisions for increase—in
essential,
taking into considers-
, namely, the fit-
making no
tion every point but the one
ness of the building itself to receive and exhibit pictures,
inthe arrangement
Thtf them are, pro-
these prudent inquiries indicate
avoided
of the pictures and the modes of showt
perly, to be the first consideration. mistakes of the
present building ought to entirely
should begin upon a totally different principle, land we
first thing is to settle what a National GalleriP e.
The
;Otuoght to
be and become; to provide ample space for tlaiYs
the structure strictly subordinate to the use, and then
to allow the architecture to develop itself out of the use
and nature of the edifice. It seems to us that the proper
course is that the authorities should prepare a ground
plan and block model, showing the absolute and indis-
pensable arrangements, size of rooms, size of windows,
position of windows, and then invite architects to im-
prove the artistic features if they desire to do so. The
past experience of competitions, in which every point of
principle is left open, ought to make us wiser when we
begin to erect a new National Gallery.

GONE TO THE DIGGINGS.—Arthur Q'heefP,iste
manager of the National Bank, Athy, has absconded. There
was a defalcation of upwards of 2,0001. in his accounts, and
it is said he has contrived to take sums, making a consider-
able aggregate, from private individuals with whom lie had
monetary dealings. He has faced the "Californian Digginp,
but there are two detectives on his " trail." The following
description appears in the Hue and Cry :—" Description of
Arthur O'Keefe. a native of Kilrush or Kilkee, county Clare,
charged with embezzling 2,000/. He is about 24 years of
age, and 5 feet 7 inches high, stout make, pale and sallow
complexion, very dark hair, dark eves, round face, broad
forehead, is deeply pockmarked, and has a very respectable
appearance."

FAMILY COLONIZATION FOR
AUSTRALIA.

Last. evening Mrs. Cbisholm held another group
meeting of intending emigrants
,in the Boys' Paro-
chial School-room, Clapham-common, the Rev.
Wentworth A. Bowyer, rector of the parish, in the
choir. The subject announced for discussion was—
" Government inspection of provisions not sufficient
protection to emigrants." Long before eight o'clock
(the hour for commencing the proceedings) the room
was crowded with an audience of the working classes,
and large numbers of both sexes congregated outside
were unable to obtain admission, from the want of
accommodation. On entering the room Mrs. Chis-
holm was received with loud applause. &side her,
on the platform, were Mr. R. Lowe, M.P. for Kidder-
minster, Mr. W. S. Lindsay, the large shipowner, and
several other ladies and gentlemen interested in the
emigration movement.

The Rev. CIIAIRMAN having briefly introduced the
business of the evening, and expressed his regret that
the room was not double the size, so as to contain the
crowd outside,
Mrs. CHISHOLM rose to address the meeting. She
said that the usual mode adopted to persuade people
to emigrate was to give bright and glowing descrip-
tions of the colonies, so as-to tempt thorn to go to
them ; but, as a friend to enaigration, she would ven-
ture to point out some of the dangers connected with
it. Several gentlemen
,connected with shipping, as
well as provision merchants, were present that even-
ing to hear the remarks which she bad to make on the
present mode of provisioning ships. From upwards of
30 villages and towns in England she had received re-
quests to visit them, in order to hold group meetings ;
and she was also under a promise to visit Scotland for
a month; and she did not like to go there until the dif-
ficulties with which she was— now surrounded were
brought fairly before the public. The Act of Parliamuit
did not meet them; bat-they eniiicrbriiigrorh—gene;;"

rous spirit amongst these engaged in the trade. They
found in all the newspapers that there was an inspec-
tion of the provisions consumed in emigrant ships
made by Captain Lean, the Government officer, than
wheal there could not be a man more fitted for
or more honest in the discharge of his duties,
and one whose tack and management had often se-
cured for the emigrants many comforts which the Act
did not enforce. But if she were to-morrow to buy
and pay fur the best provisions she could get, and put
them on board the emigrant vessel; even although
they passed the inspection of the Government officer,
she was under the necessity of stating that that in-
spection did not afford sufficient protection to the
emigrants. Tee Act gave the Government officer
the power of rejecting unfit provisions, but this
operated no further than merely to prevent large
quantities of bad provisions from being put on board
ship. Provisions that were allowed to pass were put
into the hold ; there was no separate place to keep
diem in, and it was seldom that more than one man
—generally the third mate—was employed in serving
them out to the emigrants. The consequence was
that they frequently heard reports of bad provisions,
sometimes within a few days after the ship left
Gravesend. She thought there would never be suffi •
cient security for the emigrants getting their proper
provisions, until a cupboard was specially set apart in
the ship for containing them, the key of which should
he kept by a person who could be entrusted with it.
She had known provisions served to emigrants, 14
days after they left port, that were not the same as
those which had been put on board for them. The
Emigration Commissioners had done all in their
power to guard against this evil—they had insisted
that the same quality of provisions should be pro-
vided for the emigrants as were used for the officers
and crew; and it was not likely that Jack would
have the worst for himself ; but this rule did not
prevent beef from being bought at a low figure, and
afterwards exchanged for what had been provided fur
the emigrants. Now this was a very hard thing for
the respectable provision merchant, because his cha-
racter was likely to suffer from being left at the mercy
of the temper or the honesty of not only one indivi-
dual in the ship, but of half a dozen; and, indeed, this
difficulty was so great, that a number of most respect-
able men were deterred from entering upon emigration
as a business. It bad been her rule never to speak of a
difficulty unless she could tell how to overcome it, and
she never mentioned one in public until she had first
tried to surmount it in private without success.
She wished the shipowners to listen to this matter,
because it was the cause of a want of confi-
dence which impeded the full development of emigra-
tion among the working classes. The amended Act
of Parliament now enjoined that for every 100 emi-
grants taken on board there should be a steward, who
should assist in giving out the provisions. Now she
bad herself examined the cases of 947 emigrants who
had gone in the ships of the most respectable houses,
and the question they were accustomed to put was,
" This is a good dietary table, but do you think we
shall have these provisions ?" because letter after letter
came stating that in certain cases the quality had not
been good, and even the persons who shipped the
provisions entertained strong doubts of the articles
complained of ever having been put on board by them.
The effect of this want of confidence was to increase
the cost to the emigrant very seriously. Out of the
whole 947 emigrants to whom she referred, there was
not a single man or single woman among them—they
were all married men and women with their families,
whose only anxiety was to provide themselves with
proper food; and she found that of bacon, beef,
and biscuits they had provided a store for them-
selves to the amount of 21. 17s. 6d. per adult. Of that
sum only 3s. 6d. per adult was spent in luxuries—if
one pot ofjam for each family could be called luxu-
ries—so that 2/. 14s. worth of provisions had been
put into the ship by each adult, not because they
were wanted, but from a dread lest their proper pro-
visions should be changed on the voyage. Now she
thought it would be very easy to meet that difficulty
by having a pantry for the emigrants. It had been
suggested that an Act should be passed to compel all
ships with emigrants to carry a surgeon and surgeon's
mate, the first duty of the latter to be to see the pro-
visions when examined by the Government officer;
after being approved of by him, the surgeon's mate to
take charge of them, and put his own mark on every
package, and to see them stowed away in a store-room
set aside for that purpose on board ship, the key of
which to be kept in his possession ; the whole of the
provisions to be served out by the surgeon's mate
only, and at the end of the voyage he should have to
render an account of the ship's stores in duplicate,
together with such remarks as might be necessary on
their quality and condition ; the one to be forwarded
to the owners or charterers of the ship in England,
the other to be delivered to their agents at the port of
destination. As the health of the emigrants
must
offidecpeernwd
asmtuhcehfittoenst
ptheresonprtoovibsieonms,a
me-
dicaldethe
respon-
sible in this matter. What she wanted was to save
this sum of 2/. 17s. 6d. to the poor working man,
because if emigration was made cheaper the separa-
tion of the members of families would not be so great
as it was now. Arrangements for washing and iron-
ing on board also economise the means of the emi-
grants ; end nothing tended more to check infection
when fevers were about so much as the hot ironing of
the clothes.—(Hear, hear.) The next thing the men
engaged in emigration ought to do was to abolish the
barbarous custom of shaving on crossing the line—
(Laughter)—and extorting money froM the passen-
gers to buy exemption from the operation. It irritated
the emigrants as much as it would annoy any woman
present to be stopped on leaving the room and told
that, as it was the first time she bad attended Mrs.
Chisholm's meetings she must pay 55., or she should
have a bucket of cold water thrown over her, unless
she " cashed up" immediately.—(Laughter.) Mrs.
Chisholm then cited an aggravated case of a boy
who was a cabin passenger having been compelled
to give 7s. 6d. to the sailors to buy spirits
with when crossing the line ; and afterwards, when
he would not submit to still further exactions
his bead was dipped in a pailful of filthy grease,
technically called " lather," and an excellent suit of
clothes which he wore at the time was ruined. Cases
of that kind she said were frequent, and she believed
the shipowners had only to threaten to discharge all
captains who did not suppress the disgusting practice,
which she believed more than anything else intimi-
dated the stoutest men in Kent from emigrating, and
this relic of barbarism would at once be put an end
to. She would only add another suggestion, and that
was that there ought to be some further improvements
made in the cooking grates used for the emigrants,
end their comfort would be considerably increased.
movement She woul
on
d anmotdgetain the meeting any longer, as Mr.
Lindsay and Mr. Lowe, M.P., were there to address
them the former of whom would take the lead in this
on
considered
n business,ef highest
ro sr at hnwed by
utygni
charactereaest shipowners, and she hoped that by
Christmas next there would be a neck and neck chase,
greatest t epes
shipowners
t amount
between
merchants
wdemigration,nlye r
ba
tme become
heel
merely
thhael had dagbrl
eieteatntlebtjonoosbinbloeinnssgg,
and the greatbusiness
pthe r
pnoastei o
on
f. s (eCa
kh
ien but to
er .)
ntfor
r the of
Mr. W. S. LINDSAY said that he had attended there
that evening, n
pay humble tribute, of respect to Mrs. Chishgolm and
the great cause of philanthropy of which she was so
noble a representative. As, however, the subject of
emigration was intimately connected with the ques-
tion which he had studied from his boyhood, namely,

the question of the shipping interest of this country,
he might be allowed to say a few words. He had
seen Mrs. Chisholm on the occasion of an emigrant
ship sailing from Gravesend, and one remark which
she then made strongly impressed Lim. It was
that shipowners bad nitherto treated emigrants as
they would bales of Manchester goods. He
had felt that the gross injustice that was
done to the passengers re-acted also very
disadvantageously on the shipowners, because it must
tell on their interests in the long run. He had
adopted Mrs. Chisholm's suggestions, and made
some alteration in Ids ships. He had not yet, how-
ever, attained perfection—(A laugh)—and he thought
Mrs. Chisholm had thrown out some excellent hints
that night. The plan of having a separate compart-
ment of the ship for the emigrants' provisions, to be
kept under lock and key, was one welch, on the
ground even of self-interest alone, shipowners ought
to adopt ; and from that moment forth be should in-
troduce it into the next ship he dispatched. The
principle of this storeroom would be something like
that of the bonded warehouse, there being two pad-
locks upon it. One person, appointed b!, the passen-
should have the custody of one key, and the third
officer of the ship the other, so that no person could get
at the contents till both parties were present. With re-
gard
to the barbarous custom of shaving on crossing
the line, it was a humiliating and villainoas ordeal, of
which he bad unfortunately had personal experience
—(Laughter)—and he was not surprised that the
stout men of Kent were afraid of ir. For himself
he had inserted a clause in the regulations of his last
ship, prohibiting the practice.altogether, and also the
exaction of money from the passengers for exemption.
Emigration was only now in its infancy, and he be-
lieved it was the duty as well as the interest of the
shipowner to make his passengers as comfortable as
they possibly could within ,theelienitlifinahipi The
last rnifirerlineliatgatta tb erzilte was to
have a ship fitted entirely for emigrants, of 2,500
tons hurthen, or 1,800 tons register, to be called the
Caroline Chisholm, and which would convey that
lady and her fellow-emigrants across the seas to the
Australian colonies, and be the forerunner of a line
of ships of the same character.—(Cheers.)
A person in the body of the meeting asked Mr.
Lindsay his opinion of iron ships ?
Mr. LINDSAY would answer that question by say-
ing that he was building iron ships now himself; be-
cause: they were superior in strength and security
to wooden ships. This he thought was illustrated by
the fact of the Great Britain iron steamer, when she
ran ashore, being got off, after knocking about for a
number of days, without any other injury than the
rust, whereas another vessel, while going down a
quiet river to Bristol, struck the beach, and became a
total wreck.
Mr. ROBEILT LowE, M.P., said that, having resided
for eight years in the Australian colonies, and having
had ample opportunities of judging of their resources,
he was convinced that those who could not provide a
good, comfortable, and sufficient maintenance for
themselves here, could not do better than go to a land
which came as near to his notion of an earthly Para-
dise as any country in the world, and where, with
common industry and care, a certain competence and
even affluence awaited every man who kept from in-
temperance. There the climate was most exhilirating
—there there were no blue devils—(Laughter)---they
had no November fogs, and no days which suggested
gently to a man to go and hang himself.—(Laughter.)
Provisions, too, were exceedingly cheap, and he bad
often bought the best hind quarters for his family at a
farthing per lb. Tea was is. a lb.; and sugar and all
other necessaries proportionately cheap. Much cloth-
ing was not required, in fact the clothes that were
worn were more for look than for use ; and houses
to live in did not require to be made of stone or
brick—a few slabs cut from a tree constituted suffi-
cient materials to erect a dwelling. In fact, if there
was not a single grain of gold in the whole country
the attractions of the colonies were sufficient to in-
duce any labouring man who considered his position
and was not comfortable here to transfer his ener-
gies to them. For his part ha considered that the
gold did not constitute their advantages, but only
drew attention to their advantages, because if people
saw that in a few years they could rise to comfort,
affluence, and independence, and that was the case
long before the discovery of gold, they would say that
fact wes quite sufficient to lead reasonable men who
wished to escape from poverty and want, to go
thither. And therefore it was not merely on the
ground of the gold discoveries that he advocated
emigration, because the field would be as good, and
possibly in some respects better, if there was no gold.
He would just touch on some of the causes which power-
fully checked emigration to our Australian colonies,
and diverted the stream to a rival power, the United
States of America. The two causes most strongly
and violently operating to deter our people from going
to Australia and preferring America were the high
price of land in Australia and the system of trans-
portation. In America the emigrant could buy land
for a dollar an acre from the Government ; in Aus-
tralia the Government would not permit land to be
sold under If. an acre ; so that the emigrant to Aus-
tralia went three times as far in order to buy land
for five times as much. That was the way in which
our Government protected our colonies and stimulated
people to go there; and the consequence had been up
till very recently, that whilst upwards of 250,000
subjects of this country annually went to the United
States, only
30,000 went to Australia; and yet the
parties paid their own passage to America, while those
peopleof the colonies,oluVre
cwo
leornei
ease, t uianl
instead
who went to Australia were taken out at the expense
yteaoblidogfedgotionghrtoibae
place not one-twentieth as eligible for emigration.
the price of
If, therefore, they wanted to promote the best kind of
emigration, they the reduction of
aete, by which means
land
d toou
tghhet
A tom
eardi
cvaonc art
they would get the people to settle and fasten on the
land, which was much better than, by opposing as great
obstacles to their obtaining an inch of the soil in
fee-simple in the colonies as they experienced in the
old country, to make them a migratory population,
which would leave its regular employment at the first
word about gold diggings or any similar discovery.
It was in vain, therefore, for Mrs. Chisholm to plan,
or Mr. Lindsay to execute, when the Government, by
a gross and glaring policy, were doing everything in
their power to counteract their efforts. The second
hindrance to emigration to Australia was the system
cf transportation, which appealed to higher and
nobler motives—to a man's conscience and his feelings
as a hu aband and a father. They said to a man,
"Go by all means to the colonies, but you go under
a penalty that you must bring up your sons and your
daughters in contact with convicted felons." In
order that the colonies might continue good and vir-
tuous, we ought to keep as far as possible from them
this contaminating flood which we were now pouring
over them month after month. It might be said that
Van Diemen's Land was the only colony to which
convicts were sent ; but it must be remembered that
that island was very near to the other colonies, to
which the passage was cheap, and the facilities for
escape great, and that penal settlement must become
only the filter through which the foul stream flowed
to all the other Australian colonies.—(Hear, hear.)
The proceedings, which were protracted to a some-
what late hour, terminated with a vote of thanks to
the chairman.

IRELAND.
ENCUMBERED ESTATES COMMISSION.
DUBLIN, TUESDAY.--An extensive sale, by order
of the commissioners, took place in Belfast on Friday
and Saturday, of ground rents arising from several
plots of ground, dvvelling-houses, and premises, held
in fee simple, in Belfast, in the matter of the estate
of Mr. Alan Gardner Brown and Mr. Charles
Grainger, owners and petitioners. The entire pro-
perty produces a clear annual income of about
1,8401. 178. The property was put up in 94 lots, a
few of which were sold by private contract. The
amount realized by the sale was—by private sale,
2,3501.; by auction, 30,4501.; gross amount, 82,8001.,
for an annual income of 1,940/. 17i.

THE SEARCH FOR FRANKLIN.
(From the Times.)
The intelligence received from the Arctic Expedi •
tion, which, under the command of Sir Edward
Belcher, is engaged in the perilous adventure of ex-
ploring the seas of the Northern Pole, is to a certain
extent satisfactory. We may at least indulge the
fxpoetatiou that this time the task will be fairly ac-
complished. It would be premature, after the long
interval that has elapsed since the departure of Sir
John Franklin end his brave companions, to give
way to hopes that may prove visionary; but at leant
we shall know whether all hope of seeing them again
alive must be absolutely resigned. This time the
icy seas will in all probability be fairly searched; for
Sir Edward Belcher appears to have commenced his
progress into their secret recesses under circum-
stances as favourable as those which attended upon
Franklin's own advance. In the case of every
single expedition which has been directed into
these icy regions in search of our missing coun-
trymen an inclement sky and a premature setting in
of the frost have baffled the efforts of the navigators.
There may have been vacillation of purpose;
there may have been involuntary error,' such
incidents are almost inseparable from all human
struggle, but it may well be doubted whether, until
the present moment, the utmost amount of energy and
skill would have enabled any officer to follow closely
upon the track of Sir John Franklin and his com-
panions. It should also be remembered, in justice to
the conductors of all previous expeditions, that, al-
though they certainly failed in accomplishing the
direct purpose of their mission, their efforts have not
been without beneficial result. Warned by their
failures, Sir. Edward Belcher is enabled to concentrate
his energies upon a single point, end that point the
one which offers the most reasonable chances of suc-
cess. The process of examining these regions with
effect is an exhaustive one. Our missing countrymen
may have advanced into the Polar Seas by any one of
four or five routes; but it was difficult—Dot to say
impossible—to determine a priori in favour of which
route lay the balance of probabilities. We are
DOW speaking in some measure at our ease—we
are judging calmly after the fact. We now know
that the most reasonable hope of getting on Sir John
Franklin's track lies in pursuing the route by Wel-
lington Channel; but our knowledge is the result of
experience and the fruit of failure. It should be a
subject of thankfulness to all persons interested in the
fate of Franklin that an unusually "open season" has
favoured the efforts of the present searching expedi-
tion, now that so much of certainty had been obtained.
It is very probable that Sir Edward Belcher is ad-
vancing in the right direction, and it is also probable
that he will be able to advance in that direction with
effect. Such is, in point of fact, the sum and sub-
stance of the intelligence which was brought home
by the Prince Albert searching vessel, and which
was published on Monday last in the columns
of this journal. Very considerable efforts appear
to have been made by Mr. Kennedy—the gen-
tleman under whose directions the search was con-
ducted—and his people to discover any traces of
Franklin's expedition that might yet be forth-
coming, but without effect. Late in June the Prince
Albert searched the ice, and proceeded by Pond's
Bay up Lancaster Sound. When she reached Bar-
row Straits, in the beginning of September, the ice
had already barred the passage. It was determined
to proceed to Port Leopold. At this point Mr. Ken-
nedy and a boat's crew well nigh met with a death
as dreadful as the Polar region could inflict. lie had
landed to make inquiries, but before he could return
on board a barrier of ice was interposed between the
shore and the ship ; to cro en the misfortune the
Prince Albert was carried away by a current up
Prince Regent's inlet. Fortunately for the bold ad-
venturers Sir John Ross had left a store of provisions
near the point at which they had landed, and so they
were enabled to pass six dreary weeks without un-
dergoing any very intolerable privation. They were
finally relieved from their disagreeable situation by the
efforts of M. Ballot, a French gentleman who accom-
panied the expedition, and succeeded in reaching Batty
Bay, where the ship was housed for the winter.
From this place Mr. Kennedy and M. Bellot, with a
party of fourteen men, set out on sledges, crossed
Melville Bay, and discovered a new channel to the
westward. Six of the party set out to explore the
channel, while the others were sent back to the ship.
It is unnecessary for us very minutely to follow the
enterprising travellers in their perilous journey, as it
may be found detailed at length in the Times of
Monday last. Suffice it to say that their exertions
appear to have been of the most creditable kind, al-
though unfortunately not attended with success. No
new traces were found of Sir John Franklin and
his companions. Without the slightest wish to detract
from the merits of the search, we cannot but feel
that the most important portion of the intelli-
gence brought home by the ship's company of the
Prince Albert is that which informs us of the move-
ments of Sir lidward Belcher and the greater
expedition. We find among the correspondence
which has been received a letter from Captain Pullen
to the Secretary of the Admiralty, written on the 23d
of August. Sir Edward Belcher had started up
INiVoewl i n g
thist o nisCthheanlnanelgounagtehoef Ith4ethoffiofc tehr e w shaome
witnessedin °nth.
the departure of the expedition, and was acquainted
with the condition of the water at the time in ques-
tion :—" All were in good health and high spirits, and
with every hope of success. This season I cannot help
thinking is very open, for from the summit of Beechy
Island, which I visited on the evening of our arrival,
on the 9th instant, as far as the eye could reach up
Wellington Channel, or to the westward, both were
open, and little or no ice to be seen." Captain Kel-
lett in the Resolute, with her tender, bad sailed on
the 15th of August—the day after Edward
13e lc h e
tr' s
he r
ed e paallr t ure—
necessary —for Melville
supplies
olsland,fprotvo de-
posit
isions
fuel, and clothing for any parties which might
have been dispatched from the expedition under
Captains Collinson and M'Lure, and have reached
a point so distant from Behring Straits. Captain
Pullen in the North Star was to remain as depot at
Beechy Island. We will not, after so long and so
afflicting a delay, permit ourselves to play upon the
feelings of those who are deeply and directly in-
terested in the fate of Franklin and his companions.
All appears to have been done for their relief, if
they yet survive, that human sagacity could suggest
or human energy carry out. Now or never the seas
of the North Pole will be thoroughly searched, and we
shall know all that can be known with regard to the
fate of our gallant countrymen. It will be an honour
to humanity that a deep sympathy with the suffer-
ings of absent men has roused their country to greater
exertions than scientific curiosity or love of enter-
prise. If ever the problem of a north-western pas-
sage be solved, that solution will have been attained
by Englishmen, not for its own sake, but in order to
relieve a gallant band of their adventurous country-
men from a dreary confinement in the icy regions of
the Polar seas.

(From the Daily News.)
The expeditions to the icy North have thrown no
light upon the fate of the gallant seamen who sailed
with Sir John Franklin in the Erebus and Terror.
Those who have watched from time to time the re-
sults obtained by each successive navigator who has
gone on the search must have noted that the only au-
thentic and undoubted information which has been
gleaned is that which Captain Austin, R.N., and
Captain Penny obtained in the autumn of 1850, at
Cape Riley and the neighbouring points of the coast
of Wellington Channel. It was ascertained that Sir
John Franklin passed on those shores the first winter
of his hazardous enterprise—that during that winter
only two deaths occurred amongst the companies of
his two vessels, and that in the ensuing
springthe
squadron again set sail, without leaving
any indication of its course. This is the s
the knowledge we possess. Yet,
smalla
about
highly probable that if the unhappy obstaclessum totalieit behind it
ofie
professsional jealousies and naval etiquetteweeheicehqautaliaisyt
obstructed C aptain Penny's exertions had
h
formidable at an earlier portion of his career, neither
Id now have even
Sir H. Austin nor ourselves
thati e l
e fmt
to
ieceueTeeotferkerwleydegte to wbeeoretaiset
eotwiAthlnlubteyseoninde
unfailing
scluee a
t e tohe
e makean d conjecturefer these probable.we mustw e
not
forget
searches—and thee -
gy
and
bounty of Lady Franklin—have
doubt ascertained
almost
country is indebted to the
haeyneer
beyond the possibility_ that Sir
John Franklin's squadron, on leaving their
winter quarters, did not pass either to the
southward or westward of Barrow's Straits. The
Prince Albert, a little vessel of some 80 tons, twice
equipped by her Ladyship for the enterprise, has now
returned from her second voyage, after passing up-
wards of a twelvemonth in the Arctic circle. The re-
sults of the labours of her indefatigable commander,
Mr. Kennedy, in that perilous investigation, were yes-
terday communicated to the public. It is now perfectly
clear that even if Sir John John Franklin and the lost
ships reached Cape \\Talker, they never got beyond it.
Captain Penny's discoveries have made it tolerably
clear, that northward and north-west of the Wel-
lington Channel there exists a passage open when
Barrow's Straits are closed, leading into a climate
comparatively temperate, and fitted for the habitation
of man, and extending probably to the eastern shores
of northern Asia. It further appears, that some five
days before the arrival of the Prince Albert at Beeehy

[PRICE SD.

Island (where her commander received the'dispatches
of Sir Edward Belcher from which we extract these
particulars) the squadron under the orders of that
gallant commander had steamed up the channel to the
point indicated by Captain Penny, and had not re-
turned Yet the distance is short, and if no such
passage had existed, Sir Edward Belcher, on detect-
tug the mistake, would indubitably have returned to
the rendezvous at Beechy Island. We may take it
for granted, therefore, that the passage does exist,
and that Sir Edward Belcher has entered it. May
we not equally infer that Sir John Franklin did the
same before him ? It is, at least, good for us to
think so, for that is the only hypothesis on which
can be grounded the strong belief still cherished by
many that some at least of that gallant company still
survive to reward the expectation of their anxious
country. In the present state of geographical science it is
difficult, if not impossible to come to any other con-
clusion than that Sir John Franklin—not having
passed down Prince -Regent's Inlet, nor weathered
Cape Walker, nor returned home—must have gone
up the Wellington Channel and entered the Queen's
Channel. It is true that adverse winds or currents
may have afterwards driven him to the eastward and
southward of his course, and that his vessels may at
last have foundered in some of the straits which are
supposed to connect those channels with the upper
portion of Baffin's Bay. In that case Sir Edward
Belcher and the ships under his command may fail to
discover the traces of the lost squadron ; but the
boats and sledges under the immediate command of
his surgeon, Mr. MiCermick, may be more fortunate.
That gentleman, a few hours before the departure of
the Prince Albert, hail started from Beechy Island in
quest of a passage from Wellington Channel into
Baffin's Bay. The strange tale of the cairn of stones
end the bivouac seen on the shores of Jones's Sound by
the crew of a Dossing whaler will, at all events, be now
cleared up by Mr. McCormick. Some surprise has
very naturally been excited by the absence of all de-
finite memorials of Sir John Franklin's intended
route. It is hard to account for the omission • but
so it is, that not a document was left by our unfortu-
nate countrymen at any one of the stations which have
been visited, by which their future course could be
even guessed at. But it is scarcely less extraordinary
that there should have been nothing in Sir John
Franklin's instructions—minute as they were—to
lead him to suppose that such was the pleasure of the
Admiralty. He is directed " frequently to throw
overboard a bottle or cylinder," for the purpose of
ascertaining the currents of the Arctic Ocean ; but,
of leaving landmarks, or dispatches, or any other in-
dications of his route for the information of those
who might come after him, not one syllable is said.
Nevertheless this neglect on his part, in a matter
where he is not bound to await instructions, is as
unaccountable as its consequences bare been un-
fortunate. Shall we conclude without drawing public
attention to a matter in which the honour of a great
and generous nation is deeply concerned ? Services
the most important have been rendered by Lady
Franklin to the cause of humanity. Her private
fortune has been expended in their accomplishment.
The Prince Albert, which for the second time, anti-
cipating all other means of communication at the dis-
posal of the Government, has conveyed to the Adtnie
ralty the tidings of its own commander's discoveries,
and of the progress of those of the squadron actually
engaged in :he Artic Seas, is nevertheless a mere
merchant ship—purchased, equipped, and manned as
such at the expense of Lady Franklin. Is it credit-
able to this nation that it should allow such sacri-
fices to be made for an object which concerns not
alone the sorrowing family of Sir John Franklin,
but also hundreds more, and, above all, the country
which they have served, and in serving which they are
perishing, or have perished ? Parliament should see
to this.

(From the Herald.)
The safe return of Lady Franklin's private expe-
dition with the glorious news of open water up the
Wellington Channel, which was supposed by some to
be for ever blocked with a barrier of ice, is a matter
of no small moment to those who are deeply inte-
rested in the subject, and to Captain Penny it must
indeed, be a source of the highest satisfaction. It
will be remembered that it was his " conviction that
Sir John Franklin had gone through the strait
leading north-west out of Wellington Channel (which
fur the present he had named Queen Victoria Chan-
nel), and that he had gone off in clear water, and was
beyond their reach."
That this will now prove to be the case there seems
to be a most reasonable prospect, as Sir Edward
Belcher and that gallant young officer Lieut. Sherard
Osborne have proceeded in "clear water" into the
Queen's Channel, with the Assistance and Pioneer steam
tenders. That they may have passed out of the Queen's
Channel, and through Penny Strait, to the north-
westward, is more than probable. If so, we may
fairly hope that before they house in for the winter,
they will have come upon the second winter-quarters
of Sir John Franklin. Mr. Kennedy's voyage is alto-
gether so remarkable that it will take its place
amongst the foremost of any. A solitary little vessel,
of some 90 tons, manned by a few gallant men,
dauntlessly proceeds to brave all the dangers of a
froaen sea, trusting to the guiding hand of Providence
to protect them on their mission of humanity. Alone
in that vast solitude of eternal ice and snow no fears
disturb them—no dangers appal. The mazy laby-
rinth of ice is threaded with the utmost patience and
indomitable perseverance till the vessel gets into the
open water of Barrow's Straits, and happily finds
a secure harbour in Prince Regent's Inlet
to pass the winter, now rapidly coming in upon
them. Preparations are at once commenced to
search for our missing countrymen. The noble John
Hepburn and Captain Leask are left in charge of the
ship, and, for the first time in the annals of Arctic
history, n journey, unexampled in every respect, is
commenced in the depths of winter to explore an
unknown portion of the Polar regions. These brave
men, guided by their brave leader, Mr. Kennedy,
and his no less heave companion, M. Beliot, of whom
Mr. Kennedy says, in his dispatch, " he cannot find
words to express his admiration," are absent from
their ship for five months, sleeping in snow huts, fre-
quently, confined to them for days together by stress
of weather, and travelling at night over the dreary
wilderness of snow by aid of moonlight, and eating
snow and ice in the morning as a substitute for cocoa
or tea 1 having little or no fuel ; yet all undergone
with the utmost cheerfulness. The noble conduct of
M. Bellot, a young French officer, in going out in
this little craft, from the purest and loftiest motives,
will, we are sure, meet with the universal admiration
of our countrymen ; and we trust that the Minister of
Marine will iu some way mark his approbation of his
heroic conduct, remembering that, although in a
foreign service, on such an occasion as this--
" One touch of Nature makes all kin alike."
We cannot expect to hear any further tidings from
Sir Edward Belcher's squadron till this time next
Arctiinc
new a
news just year, unless, indeed, his passage through the Queen's
Channel and Penny Strait was unobstructed, and he
should have come upon further important traces of
such moment as to induce him to detach a party to
the North Star, and thus, with the Mary yacht, to
endeavour to communicate with the whalers in the
west waters. This is only an idea which occurs to
u
December, when the frigate which has gone up with
supplies for the Plover may be expected to have re-
turned with dispatches; and we anxiously await the
BeObruirn
g new
Straits
intelligence we may hope to receive from Captain
w possible,
Maguire and from Captain Moore (who is coming
home by her), as we have little doubt Captain Collin-
son will have left some notice of
his proceedings at
Point Barrow, which we hope will have been visited
this summer.

THE MARVELS OF SCIENCE, AND THEIR TESTI-
mowY TO lIOLY Warr. 1 Vol.—This popular manual of
the sciences, from the pen of S. W. Fullom, Esq., which ;IL-
pears under the auspices of the King of Hanover,
isthus
characterised by the Globe :—" The book has passagesn of
ele-
usual eloquence, and a diction uniformly correct and un-
vated. It would appear at first sight that the field
nomy and that of geology were not the most favourable
would seek
favourable for
the production of such testimonies as the w
to elicit ; the skill displayed in the treatmentr ofAtheetsee,ttwhoe
sciences is not the least marvel in the volume.,the race of man,'
world of plants,' 'the animal kingdom,'
nizge of our author are
and the human frame,' the
forcible, Auently expressed, and Caelcubleaetneddeteoe
to makethe
caandseeeopf
impression. Genuine service has
Revelation by the issue of sucheaetbioono,,, which is more than a
literary triumph.
The accounts firt•oiti; good
New York this week embrace
few points of commerciaaelhiinngterest, attention being greatly
approaching absorbed in the
Presidential contest
• Money
p
was obtainable
rather easier terms, and the stock-
marketpreparations for the expedition to
Japan had been actively
The
resumed, and it was to consist of
the three large
war-steamers Mississippi, Princeton, and Al-
leghany. .
The immigration returns up to the end of Septem-
ber of the present year show some remarkable results. The
total arrivals had been 226,976, but, instead of the majority
being natives of Ireland, as has always heretofore been the
case, the largest number were from Germany, the total from
that country being 92,686, while from Ireland it was 88,664,
and from all other countries 45,626.
THE HUNTING SEASON.—The sporting world will
be glad to learn that foxes are generally plentiful in this and
the neighbouring counties, and especially in the neighbour-
hood of Oxford. Last Saturday, while the Berkshire
hounds were cub-hunting at Wythain, on the Earl of Abing-
don's estate, several of the persons on foot viewed as many
as seven foxes. In Lord Redesdale's and Mr. Drake's coun-
ties it is alto stated that foxes are numerous..—Berkskire
Chronicle,