The Sun.
London, England, 1852-07-03 00:00:00

TRAFFIC RETURNS FOR THE PAST WEEK.

opened,e2s.ox 17NenAME OF RAILWAY.
BAbeferasdet ... .
and" Ball Intymll seBnsa. ....... . . . . . . . -4181:741:486.62c e 1-:118:75535285.
307 275
A Belfast and County Down.. ••••• • • • ..
26% Bolton,Birke Blackburn,nhea anddLaneashir West e, an Cheshireydork.
1,665 1,691
742 828
85% Bristol and Exeter •••. - • • •••• •• •• •• 5,208 5,211
1,89 X Caledonian.... 8,291 8,718
......... ... .
94% Chester and Holyhead... -
6% Cork, Blac krock, and Passage ••• • • • 3 531 3,606
137 169
56 634 944
Dublin and Belfast Junction • • •• ••
63 Dublin and Drogheda l,Oll I,oeB
' 6 Dublin and Kingstown •• ••-••• • •• .• 1,396 1,076
16% Dundee and Arbroath •• •• -••..-
31 Dundee, Perth, and Aberdeen Junction 671 680
19 Dundalk and Enniskillen.... -••. . • • 172 205
68 East Anglian... .••••• • •• • • •... •••• - 724 639
79 East Lancashire ••••-••••.• •• •• •• •• 4,209 4,598
322 Eastern Counties and Norfolk 17,780 16,062
95 Eastern Union -•••••••••• . . • • . • • • . • 2,756 2,40
89X Edinburgh and Glasgow ..• ••••• • • •• 3,692 3,636
78 Edinburgh, Perth, and Dundee.. - - 2,246 2,38 d
6 Exeter and Crediton.. - .. . . •• - •• • • 95 134
19 Furness Railway ••••• . . •... -•. •• 683 695
212731 Nu
Great Glasgow,
s.
0 ratnhde
mSouthdo-
.1171 e.
.s
L.t
.e. m. :
... ...
...
... .:
...
... .:
215523i,22778:15295
215311
i,92268708584
188 Great Southern and Western (Ireland)
277 Great Western
25 Irish South Eastern • • - • • - - •• - - 252 174
90 Lancaster and Carlisle
260 Lancashire and Yorkshire. .••••.• - - 17,17! 18,042
70 Leeds Northern ...... • • • • • • • • • •
657 510:
1:31893 1:279
181 Liverpool, Crosby, and Southport •• • 487 469
539% London and. North Western
5% I London and Blackwall •••..• • • .• • ... . 1,631 1,553
1731,4 1 London, Brighton, and South Coast.. 12,598 12,157
244 ' London and South Western. ........ 16,398 13,802
241% Londonderry and Enniskillen ...... • • 159 318
11% Manchester, Buxton, and Matlock, &c. 167 198
167 ii Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire 7,422 '6,663
9% Manchester and South Junction ...... 600 609
28 Maryport and Carlisle • • .• .......... 676 635
498% Midland ..... ...... ...... ........ 22,704 23,905
126 Midland Great Western (Irish) ...... 1,417 2,545
37 Monklands •••• • • • ................. 862 906
60 Newcastle and Car1i51e.............. 2,219 2,141
149 North British ••.... ••••••.•• • • • • • .. 3,345 3,345
232 North Staffordshire •• • • .... ••• • • ... 6,008 5,141
47 North-Western ••..••••••• • • • • • • • .. 576 665
45 Scottish Central •••• .• • • ...... • • ..... 1,781 2,019
32 Scottish Midland ••••••••• • •• • • •• •• 510 654
29% Shrewsbury and Birmingham • • •.. 802 835
47 Shrewsbury and Chester •••• .• • • .... 1,605 1,836
29 Shropshire Union .. •• ••••••• • • • • • •• 692 703
58 South Devon.. .. .. .. . ...... •••• • • .. 2,001 2,046
283 X South Eastern-- .................. 17,001. 15,135
93% South Wales .........• ••..•• • • • . 1,091 -
41 South York., Doncaster, and Goole .. 1,178 1,247 '
40 Taff Vale ••• . - .......... ..... ••. .. 2,110 2,530
36 Ulster . ............................ 870 908
50 Waterford and Limerick • • • • • • • ..... 231 466
161,4 West Cornwall ...... ..... -•••• •• 354 419
12 Whitehaven Junction
304% York and Newcastle, and Berwick ... 17,018 15,188
279 York and North Midland. .... ••• • .. 8,279 7,894
FOREIGN. •
57 Dutch Rhenish .............. ••• • .. 1,429 1,402
21% Naria Antonia ......
63 Montereau end Troyes .......... •• .. 1,021 913
63 Namur and Liege ..... ......• • • • • •• 906 1,137
442% Northern of France ................ 20,153 21,312
1341,4 Orleans and Bordeaux... •..••• • • • • • - -
2i4 Orleans and. Central .... ...... ..... . 11,085 12,628
a ac. Darin and I.yonia _
.. „ „
.. . - 11,010 13.8.0
84 Paris and Rouen . ..... ............. 8,057 6,86,5,
305 Paris and Strasburgh
............ • • 6,935 9,3'1
59 Rouen and Havre ................. 3,149 2 841
121 Tours and Nantes ......., ....., ..., 1,787 2,755

THE ELECTRIC CLOCK,
Among all the wonders of that wonder-working prin-
ciple, electricity, whether we view its powers in the in-
stantaneous conveyance of information between distant
places, its agency in blasting rocks in safety,
the depo-
sition of metals from their solutions, or others of its
numerous appliances, there is not one of them which
strikes the mind as more extraordinary or interesting
than its application as a prime mover for the measure-
ment of time. In this, however, it has now become
most completely successful, and insures a correctness
and regularity which cannot be obtained by
clocks, however . well constructed. We believe
the first idea of working clocks by electricity
is due to Mr. Alexander Bain, who first comnieuoo
putting it in practice in 1838. His first attempt was 'to
make a common clock transmit its time to other clocks
at a distance, effected by the action of electro-magnets,
winaiwthhiCehaphpeliclatisopneorta
clocks, so that no winding might be required, and the
theetly electric
power Ithoe work next
o st
singlestep
common clock dispensed with altogether. This, in ; °
commercial point of view, was of great importance, Ba
such a clock, either for private houses or public build-
ings, could be used either singly or made the governor
or parent clock to other dials in different parts of the
building. The ordinary galvanic
apparatus was found,
however, neither uniform or lastingiving more trouble
and expense than the common clocks;t and in prosecut-
ing his experiments, Mr. Bain, in 1842, discovered that
a plate of zinc and one of copper, buried. in the earth,
gave a uniform and continuous force of sufficient power
to work clocks of any size, from the smallest mantel
time-piece to large church clocks.
In the construction of an electric clock, the pendulum
to the back board. The bob of the pendulum is
rod is of wood and suspended to a metal bracket, fixed
com-
posed of a reel of insulated copper wire,
electro-
covering to improve its appearance, forming au
are
magnet in the usual manner. The ends of the wire
carried up the rod, terminating in two suspension springs,
which serve the double purpose of suspending the pen-
dulum, and conveying the current to and from the bob.
Two brass tubes contain each a bar of magnetised steel,
with a brass
There is a
and act as alternate attractors to the bob.
break on the pendulum for letting on and cutting off the
current, which acting on the bob, operates also oa clocks
at distant places. The plates of zinc-and copper are buried
about 4 ft. underground, and 3 ft. apart, and to them per-
fectly insulated copper wires are soldered. A regulat-
ing weight being attached to the pendulum to bring it to
time, the apparatus is complete. For the motion on the
dial plate, only two wheels and an endless screw are re-
quired, besides the minute and hour wheels; and the
clock instead of moving the pendulum, being on the con-
trary moved by it, a much smaller degree of stress and
friction is the result. The pendulum once set in motion
acts on the break; and the current being, as we have
shown, alternately cut off and admitted, regular motion
is obtained, which will continue for many years.
In situations where it is inconvnient to obtain the
electric current from the earth the voltaic battery
is resorted to ; but in almost every case the first
mode has proved the easiest, as well as the moat
effective. The cost of its plates is a trifle,and it has
been ascertained that they will retain their
efficacy for years. The advantages of this application
of electricity to another of our wants it is scarcely pos-
sible to estimate, as through the medium of auxiliary
clocks, exact time may be kept through. a whole neigh-
bourhood, or, in short, to wherever wires can be laid
down. In fact it is now shown to be possible that all
the principal clocks in the kingdom might be united to
keep time with one governing one, which, again, derives
its moving power from the earth, without winding up or
need of attendance of any kind from one year's end to
another.
Mr. Bain'a warehouse for these clocks is at 43, Old
Bond-street; and we think au inspection of them is de-
serving the attention of the scientific.—Mining Journal.

HTRealaLmdi,Amfr. GOLD FROM Aye-
received of the arrival
EolmlneA 81
tCeelrobdoNauS3r,l,nGienN(ropcs,:nrNtartisi:Oirifpa)s,
which she left on the
of the barque Posthumous, Davison master, off Beachy
i sth of March, and Pert Philip Heads on the 18th of March.
The Posthumous lauded the 111211113 at Eastbourne, and pro-
ceeded for London. She is laden with wool, oil, and a
quantity of gold, which is supposed to be the largest consign-
ment yet made from the colony. A letter has been received
from Captain Davison, in which he says, " Gold was al riv-
ing at Melbourne from the diggi gs at the rate of about
two tons per week. I bring home a freight, and amongst
the nuggets lii we the king of all nuggets—it is the largest
of any pure gold specimen (weighs 2716. 6 oz. 15dwt.) found
in these, to all appearance, inexhaustible gold regions." A
great number of ships, the cargoes of which have been em-
barke I, were detained for want of seamen, the greater por-
tion of the ships' companies having deserted and gone to
the digging,, where many are doing well. The Vanguard
and Benjamin Heape are loaded and waiting for seamen in
Hobson's Bay. The amount of gold consigned to and re-
ceived in the port of London during the past week ap-
proaches 5U0,000/., six vessels—viz., the Wellington,
Thomas 1-luk.hes and Syria, from Port Philip, the Wands-
wort h and Regina from Sydney, and the Britannia from
Portland Bay—having brought home 63,623 ounces of the
precious metal, and the remittances received from- the
colony withiu the last three woke exceed 1)250 0004 '
uz
value.