The Sun.
London, England, 1864-06-29 00:00:00

CLOTHES-WRINGERS and STARCHERS,
12s. 6d., with solid India rubber rol ers. Other sies al
205., 308., and 40s. WASHING MACHINES. 60s. andz Ns.
Mang es, 305., 405., 505. Carriage pald.—City Depot, £4!,
Bishopsgate-street Within, London. Works, Bromley, E.

ROUND SHOULDERS, STOOPING HABITS,
and DEFORMITIES are prevented ar,d cured by
CHAN DL ER'S IMPROVED CH EST- EXPANDING
I 3 HACES, for bo h sexes, of all ages. They streni4 then the
voice and lungs relieve indigestion, and are especially recom-
mended to children for assisting tie growth and r roducing a
perfect symmetrical figure, superseding the old brace, and
stays.-66, Berners-street, Oxford-street, W. Illustrated
Pamphlets forwarded.

MERCHANTS, MANUFACTURERS,
TRADERS, AND EXECUTORS.
ACCOUNTS arranged and adjusted, and Balance Sheets
prepared.—Financial operations Irganised and Banking fa-
cilities arranged.—Cash A dvans made on Trade Stock,
Dock Warrants, and other Seculties and Sales effected.—
The Agency of Provincial and Fureign Firms undertaken.
Address, Messrs. BANKES uad Co., Accountants, 20,
Devereux-court, Strand, London, W, C.

The Sanatory Condition of the City of
London.

At the weekly meeting of the Commissioners of
Sewers, held yesterday at Guildhall, Mr Deputy
De Jersey presiding, Dr. Letheby, the medical
officer for the City, presented his quarterly report,
which was as follows ;

In the course of the winter quarter which ended in March
last there were 759 births, and F7O deaths registered in the
city of London. The first of these numbers is greatly below
the average (837) for the corresponding quarter of the last
ten years, but the second is in excess of it (831).
The distribution of the births has been as follows :-321
in the East London Union, 195 ia the West, and 243 in the
City proper. These are in the annual proportions of 31'1
per 1,000 of the population in tlu first-named district, 29.2
of the second, and 20.9 of the third;
making an average of
26.5 for the entire city. In the whole of England the annual
average birth-rate in the winter quarter is 36.0 per 1,000 of
the population, but during the last quarter it was singularly
high, namely, 37.4 per 1,000. Excepting therefore in one or
two of the sub-districts of the Eastern and Western unions,
the birth-rate in the City has been remarkably small.
Of the 870 deaths in the quarter, 317 have been in the
Eastern Union, 234 in the Western, and 319 in the City of
London Union. These numbers are in the annual propor-
tion of 301 per 1,000 of the inhabitants of the first-named
district, 35 of the second, and 27.4 of the third ; making a
general average of 30.4 for the whole City. In all England
the usual mortality in the winter quarter is at the annual
rate of 24 9 per 1,000; and in the districts of the chief
towns at 26.8; but in the quarter which has just expired,
the death-rate of the whole country has been greatly
in excess
w en of
,and
theaverage,27
n the for
whole
it has been 29.7 in the
hi
hole of England. "Seldom,
chief
i
indeed," says the Registrar-General, "has a winter beet
more fatal ;" and the city, in common with the rest of
the metropolis, has suffered to an extraordinary extent.
The average annual death-rate of London in the winter
quarter is 25.8 per 1,000, but last winter it was 30.9,
and as regards the City, there have been but three occasions
during the last ten years when the mortality has been
higher than in the last season. Those were the winters of
1864, 1855, and 1861, when the deaths were 895, 929, and
876. The time was when the highest death-rates were in
when the soil and air
wsarthee than
a w the most fatal period
ande these are influences
iwt
sheet
rheseuf
wamlimln
ateefrrpawuntidrt
putrescent
autumnaita its
cold
months,matter,and
betv
e t n
;
over which the sanitarian has but little control.
2 FromB p ther n table
cent., or Iv o
rh h shows
aa
agn a fourth of all the
es
at death, it appears
that
deaths are among children of less than five years of age,
and 33 per cent. or just a third, at 60 and upwards. The
chief increase in the mortality has been among old persons,
e ceh which
whose deaths have risen from 207 in the quarter to 286.
As regards the causes of death, 106 persons have died from
phthisis, 41 from tabes and scrofula, 14 from hydrocephalus
51 from pneumonia, 183 from bronchitis, 20 from continued
fever, 23 from scarlet fever, 13 from whooping cough, 19
from croup and diphtheria, 15 from measles, 5 from erysi-
pelas, 3 from small-pox, and 10 from alvine flux ; making
together 161 deaths from tubercular diseases, 234 from in-
flammatory affections of the lungs, and 113 from diseases
of a zymotic character, the averages for the corre-
sponding periods of the last nine years being 151, 196, and
140 respectively. While therefore the number of deaths
from phthisis, and from inflammatory affections of the lungs
have been largely increased, those from the zymotic class
of diseases have been greatly reduced.

The raage of the thermometer during the quarter has been
from 22.2 degrees to 55.7, the mean temperature having
been 39 9, which is nearly two degrees below the average
for the season. The coldest weather was in the second
week of January, when the average temperature was 30.2
degrees, and then the deaths rose from 72 in the week to
102. Towards the end of the quarter, when the mean
temperature was about 42 degrees, the average number of
deaths in the week was only 49. Lastly, I may state that
there have bean 37 wet days during the quarter, and the
total rain fall has been 3.94 inches. Both of these are
below the average for the season, and therefore the moisture
of the air has been somewhat less than usual, in the mean
proportion of 83 degrees of saturation instead of 84.

As regards the sanatory work of the Taal ter, altogether
there have been 1,598 inspections of houses, and 876 visits
to the common lodging-houses, These have resulted in the
issuing of 434 orders for sanatory improvement.

The markets and slaughter-houses have also been duly