The Sun.
London, England, 1864-12-31 00:00:00

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prices, as they say present rates de not e w- 414 Y,
is a good inquiry for oil, and cakes are nioviii2; ofr f'• •
consit!...:.ing the changeable weather. Olive oft is usin • eryS
largely in this district, with every prospect of a continuance,
in consequence of the present low prices. The business
done in leather during the past month has been of a some-
what quiet character. Heavy sole leather has been dull of
sale, and light only of demand, Dressing goods, with the
exception of calf skins, have not been much inquired for.
Stocks utmost articles have consequently increased, but on
the whole prices are firm. Offal continues scarce and leer.
The tanners have yet experienced much improvement, and
the production is being reduced. The dulness in the shoe
trade still continues. In paper there has been a moderate
business for the season, with a fair prospect for the new
year. The market is well supplied with material, at about
former rates. There has been a good supply of cattle,
which have been soli at higher rates. The supply of sheep
has also been good, and has generally met an active demand
at full rates. Number shown (four raaikets), beasts, 1.762 ;
sheep, 12,393. The supply of wheat has been mcderate.
and towards the end of the month prices were firmer. Bar-
ley has been in fair request, especially the finer sorts. Oats
and bane wi bout much change."

NOTTINGHAM, 30th.—At the Exchange-hall today there
was a moderate attend: nee, and, considering that this is
holiday week, a fair amount of business was done in lace
yarns at late prices. In hosiery yarns there was not much
doing, and late rates may be quoted. Silks as before. For
brown nets the demand was very dull, and prices were
nominally unaltered.

A Tainted Population,

(From the Adelaide Observer.)

The prevalence of bushranging in New South Wales
during the last three years has presented a social pro.
blem which is very difficult of solution. This particular
species of crime broke out suddenly, and extended widely
like an epidemic ; and at the present time it exists in as
dangerous forms and with as distinct manifestations as ever.
From a recent number of the Sydney Morning Herald we
gather what we suppose we may receive as a correct account
of the origin of the evil. It aPpears that the late outbreak
of bushranging is to be attributed to-the notorious Gardiner,
who has recently been cOvicted-In Syducy, and sentenced
to incarceration for 004 In the 3,744c#‘54. this run was

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then was deemed by many, a lenient onte-fer-the crimes of
which he wag-guilty. Instead ce serving this period, how-
ever, by the intercession of friends at the end of five years
he Was let out on a ticket of leave. He professed to be truly
~penitent for his crimes, and by his Assumed penitence he
imposed on those who were inclined to befriend him. Not
content with the clemency which had been shown him, in
1860 he applied for a full pardon—but as this pardon was
slow in coming, he cast off his hypocritical covering, and
came out in his true character. He absconded from his
tap, took to the bush, began at once to prey upon his neigh-
betris—and froth that time till he was captured he has
.been the terror of peaceful settlers and travellers in the
entlying districts.
Unfortunately his daring exploits and his success its
"evading the ministers of justice awakened the feeling of
imitation, and all at once a number of desperadoes sprung
up emulous of the fame and fortune of Gardiner. For
many months past scarcely a newspaper has been published
in Sydney which did not contain some accounts of the
'doings of these bushrangers. There can be no doubt that in
the Community of New South Wales there was an under-
lying element of depravity, a substratum of rascality, out
of ?which bushranging is bred. The bushranger existed in
embryo, and only needed the fitting occasion, and the ne-
cefisary stimulus to call him forth. Society in certain forms
must have. been tainted to the core. The seeds of evil
planted in the days of convictism have borne a large and
dangerous crop. Thelarvest is seen not simply in the num-
ber and daring of the miscreants who have levied such large
contributions on the settlers, but in the immunity from
punishment which they have enjoyed. They have been
befriended by the people, and have had means of obtaining
secret information which they have turned to useful ac-
count. Indeed, there is some reason to fear that amongst
the police force there have been some whose sympathies
were more with the lawbreakers than with the law. Unless
these-men had been aided by the population, and to some,
extent at least winked at by the police, it seems utterly ime
possible that they should have been permitted so long to
pursue their career of villainy. Their crimes, instead of
awakening horror, have inspired admiration; They-have
been regarded as gallant freebooters, dashing adVenturers,
smart fellows, whose ideas of mum and talon were some..
what 'vague and unsatisfactory; but with all this there was
an air of romance about them and about their nefarious
occupation which blinded men to its real enormity,
The Herald has very seriously and earnestli gone into
this question. and treated it with the gravity which it de.
mends. Oar contemporary says :—'' Can anyone look at the
transactions of the last 20 mouths without feeling that a
deep taint has penetrated the moral reputetion of coloniask
youth—that they stand accused before the world, end with
an appearance of justice, at being separated in their charac-
ter, from all other Britiel* communities, and displaying a
class of views, tendencies, and aspirations which have
found shelter ”redev'alopment under the' banner of
of a community which would never have been made un- .4r
'
less there had been sutfloient grounds for it, The words
have evidently been written in sorrow, and wi:h a seri-
ous moral purpose in view. `1:113 lilt ore of a nation
depends upon its young men—upon their morel character,
their intelligence, and their habits or indu.rtry. It bodes ill,
therefore, for a people when its youth have learnt to admire
violations of the law and to eyrel,athise with the deeds of
splendid criminals. The "Jerald, in endeavour ing to trace
the evil to its source, informs us that it is not directly the
result of any lack of educational or religious agencies in the
colony. When we trace the history of some of the most for-
ward in crime, we find that they have been brought up almost
within the shadow of churches, and that some of them have
enjoyed a more direct degree of pastoral supervision than is
common to the bulk of the people. The conclusion which the
writer reaches is that the evil taint is hereditary. The force
of bad parental example has overborne the healthier educa-
tional influences. They have been trained in an atmosphere
in which drunkenness, harbouring of cattle- stealers, and
other offences which, if not actually recognisable by law, are
liable to its inquest, have been rife, A false notion of mora-
lity existed amongst the earlier convict population which has
never been entirely eradicated, and that notion has been in-
tensified in each succeeding generation. " The fathers have
eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth have been set on
edge." The population has suffered moral deterioration. The
early convicts, bad as many of them were, had still seme
glimmering sense of a distinction between right and wrong.
Their moral sense told them that even in their sufferings
they were reaping as they had sown, and that their punish-
ment was for the maintenance of order and the vindication
of law. But those young men who form the raw material
out of which bushrangers aro made seem to be oblivious to
these moral distinctions, and they see nothing in the law..
less practices which fascinate imaginations but a daring risk
which partakes of romance. To any feeling of reproach
or self-condemnation they are utter strangers.

MURDER AT ALDERSROT.—Yesterday morning a
horrible murder was perpetrated in the South Camp, Alder-
shot, by an artilleryman named Thomas Dumphy. It ap-
pears that this man has been lately suffering from insanity,
and was confined in No. 7 Hut, Hospital Wards, Z Lines,
South Camp, near the church. He was under the surveil-
lance of two men belonging to F battery, 9th brigade, Royal
Artillery, named Daniel Burns and Frederick Gray. Just
after 6 o'clock in the morning Dumphy got out of bed, and
seizing hold of a heavy poker lying at the fire-place, began
beating the floor with it, and making a loud noise. Burns
immediately went over to take it from him, when the mad-
man, seeing his intention, lifted the deadly instrument, and
with rapidity and immense force, dealt the unfortunate man
two blows oa the head, breaking his skull, and scattering
portions of blood, hair, and brains in all directions. Seeing
his comrade attacked Gray ran towards the infuriated
maniac, but the latter advanced to meet him, when Gray,
being unarmed and with nothing at hand to defend himself,
jumped through the window of the hut, and thus escaped.
with his life. He quickly procured assistance, and the mad
inmate of the hut was secured. Assistant Surgeon Simons,
D Battery R.H.A., was almost immediately after on the
spot, and attended to Burns, but the poor man only existed
a few minutes, and died in great agony. The man, who had
been under the medical treatment of Assistant Surgeon
Faught, E battery, 9th Brigade Royal Artillery, was again.
placed under the surgeon's care, with six soldiers to guard
him. Immediately after the affair Damphy appeared to be-
come quiet and harmless. Legal proceedings will of course
be taken against him, but it is probable he will be sent for
confinement to one of the criminal lunatic asylums.
BALLOON ASCENT FROM THE ROYAL ARSENAL,
WooLwicu.—By permission of the War Depart-
ment, Mr Coxwell, accompanied by Mr Glaisher, made
another balloon ascent from the Royal Arsenal at 2 o'clock
yesterday afternoon, for scientific purposes,-the object being
to ascot tain the condition of the atmosphere at various alti-
tudes at this season of the year. The balloon, after ascend-
ing to a considerable altitude, troceeded over the Plumstead
Marshes, following the course of the river in the direction
of Gravesend.

BREAKFAST BEVERAGE.—Homoeopathic practitioners,
and the medical profession generally, recommend cocoa
as being the most healthful of all Leverages. When the doc-
trine of homoeopathy was first introduced into this country,
there were to be obt fined no I.reparations of cocoa either at-
tractive to the taste or acceptable to the stomach ; the nut
was either sul,plied la the crude state, or CO unskilfully
manufactured as to obtain little notice. J. Epps, of London,
Homoeopathic Chemist, was induced in the year 18 i 9 to turn
his attention to this subject, and at len4th succeeded, with
the assistance of elaborate machinery, in being the first
to produce an article pure in its composition, and so refined
by the perfect ti ituration it receives in the process it passes
through, as to be most acceptable to the delicate stomach.
For general use Epps's Cocoa is distinguished as an invigo-
rating, grateful breakfast beverage, possessing a most deli-
cious aroma. Dr. Ilassall, in his work, "Food and its
Adulterations,"ort
t nutritive
says -" Cocoa contains a great variety of im-
anprinciples—every ingredient necessary to
p
the growth and sustenance of the body." Again: "As a
nutritive, cocoa stands very much higher than either coffee
or tea." Directions—Two teaspoonfuls of the powder in a
breakfast cup, filled up with boiling water or milk. Secured
is tin-lined ilk., Ob., and 11b. labelled packets, and sold by
all grocers, coufectivuers, and chemists.- [AnyT.]