The Sun.
London, England, 1852-09-24 00:00:00

,
LONDON, FRIDAY 7., S
SEPTEMBER 24, 1852.
, 4 7

THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.
On SATURDAY, SEPT. 18th last, was published a
DOUBLE NUMBER of the ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS,
price One Shilling, containing the LIFE of the NOBLE DUKE,
Illustrated with,the following splendid Engravings :—His Birth-place
and Residence of his Family in Ireland—Battle of Talavera—The
Storming of Badajoz—Passage of the Douro—Waterloo : The
Farm-house—" Up Guards and at them "—" The Old Guard never
Surrenders "—Charge of French Cuirassiers—Three Splendid Por-
traits : His Grace as Field-Marshal, as Premier, as Chancellor of
the University of Oxford—The Congress of Vienna—View of Apsley
House—Walmer Castle—With other interesting Engravings, illus-
trating a complete Life of the Duke, occupying forty-eight columns
of the ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS. Besides Twenty other
Engravings of the News of the Week.
On SATURDAY, SEPT. 25th, 1852, will be published, in a
SPLENDID DOUBLE NUMBER, a Continuation of Illustrations
of the Life and Death of the Duke of Wellington : namely, Cas-
tlecarbury, the seat of the Cowley family—Church of Laracor,
adjoining Dangan Castle—The Wellington Column, at Trim—
Walmer Castle, Exterior ; Entrance to the Castle, and plan of the
Duke's Bed-room—Walmer Church, Exterior ; Interior —the Duke
attending service—Bust of the Duke, by Noble—Wellington Chair,
Bust, and Waterloo Flag in Windsor Castle—A Street Reminiscence
of the Duke—The Duke's Horses—The Duke on Horseback—Also

" A Dirge for Wellington ;" Poetry by Charles Mackay ; Music by
Sir H. R. Bishop—A Portrait of the Countess of Mornington, the
Mother of the Duke —Plan of the Funeral of Lord Nelson, in St.
Paul's Cathedral.

The accompanying Number of the ILLUSTRATED LONDON

NEWS contains the French President's Departure for the South—
Inundation of the Rhone—Algerian Antiquities in the Louvre (Two
Views) —" Stockwell," the Winner of the St. Leger, 1862—West-
wood House, the Seat of the Right Hon. Sir J. Pakington, M.P.—
Burning of the ship " Thomas Thompson"—Sword and Centre-piece
presented to Sir C. J. Napier—The Opening of the Grand Neapolitan
Dock by the King of Naples—The Philanthropic Society's Harvest-
home, at Red-hill—Prize Poultry exhibited at Great Yarmouth (Two
Illustrations)—Teignmouth made a Free Port—Opening of the
South Wales Railway (Two Views), with other Engragings.
PRICE OF TILE TWO NUMBERS, ONE SHILLING,
Regular Subscribers will receive GRATIS splendid LARGE N-
GRAVINGS of the PROCESSION and PUBLIC FUNERAL of the
DUKE OF W{ELLINGTONi lasting memorial p 1 the national. _
motrriliKr --
Mee, 198, Strand.

ril HE FIRST of MAY, 1851."
Now publishing, the Engraving by Samuel Cousins, A.K.A.,
from the above Picture, painted by M. F. Winterhalter, for her
Majesty, as a record of the Royal Anniversaries connected with that
day. The Engraving contains Portraits of her Majesty, H.R.H.
Prince Albert, H R. 71. Prince Arthur, and the Duke of Wellington,
being the last Portrait for which his Grace sat.
Prints, 21. 25.; Proofs, 4/. 4s. ; Proofs before letters, 61. 65.; Ar-
tists' Proofs, 8/. Bs.
Paul and Dominic Colnaghi and Co., Publishers to her Majesty,
13 and 14, Pall-mall East.

BARON LIEBIG, Mr. ALLSOP, and the
MEDICAL CIRCULAR. Threatened legal proceedings for
imputed defamation. Dr. Glover's denial of his certificate in favour
of Mr. Allsopp, with the Editor's remarks on the monstrous Beer
Puff. See MEDICAL CIRCULAR (No. 19) of this day. Price 3d.,
by post 4d. Office 4, Adam-street, Adelphi. The trade supplied by
Gilbert and Co., Paternoster-row.

APPETITE AND DIGESTION IMPROVED.
LEA and PERRINS' WORCESTERSHIRE
SAUCE imparts the most exquisite relish to Steaks, Chops
and all Roast Meat Gravies, Fish, Game, Soup, Carries, and Salad,
and by its tonic and invigorating properties enables the stomach to
perfectly digest the food.
The daily use of this aromatic andi yl cions Sauce is the best safe-
guard to health.
Sold by the proprietors, Lea and Perrins, 19, Fenchurch-
street, London, and 65, Broad-street, Worcester; also by Messrs.
Barclay and Sons, Messrs. Crosse and Blackwell, and other Oilmen
and Merchants, London ; and enerally by the principal dealers in
SWIM
N.B. To guard against imitations, see that the names of " LEA
and PERRINS" are upon the label and patent cap of the bottle.

BRITISH COLLEGE of HEALTH,
NEW-ROAD, LONDON.
LE HYGEIA.N OR MORISONIAN SYSTEM OF MEDICINE.
. All animal bodies consist of fluids and solids.
!. While in a state of embryo, all animals consist entirely of
ids

3. It is from and by the fluids that the solids are formed.
4. The fluids contained in the human body are four times the
weight of the solids.
h. The chief of the fluids is the blood, from which all others are
derived.
6. The blood not only repairs every part of the human machine,
but also carries with it all the rubbish or decayed parts, to be depo-
sited in the intestines, previous to being expelled along with the ex-
crement.
7. The blood is the life—the primum mobile—the first agent—from
which all others derive their origin.
8. Health depends upon the purity of the blood.
9. The purity of the blood depends upon its having free outlets for
its decayed particles.
10. Disease is induced by the choking np of these outlets in the
bowels by reason of an accumulation of glary mucus on the inner
surface of the intestines, &c.
11. This accumulation is occasioned by anything that weakens the
circulation or hurts digestion, but chiefly by the poisonous drugs and
bad treatment of the Faculty.
12. The impurities thus detained in the blood occasion every spe-
cies of disease, according to the quality of the humour, or the parti-
cular locality in which it is lodged.
12. All diseases arise from one source, therefore they may all be
cured by one medicine.
14. This medicine must be a vegetable purgative, innoxious in it-
self, yet sufficiently powerful to pervade the whole system, clear
away the abovementioned mucus, and purify the blood.
15. The discovery of a vegetable compound, capable of being di-
gested, and mixing with the blood, so as to impart to it that energy
requisite for ridding the body of all superfluous humours, was a de-
sideratum.
16. This discovery has been made by JAMES MORISON, the
Hygeist, in the composition of the Vegetable Universal Medicine,
commonly known as Morison's Pills,of the British College of Health,
Hamilton-place, King's-cross, New-road, London.

IMPORTANT MEDICAL AND SURGICAL WORKS,
Just published, by 11. BaiMere,
I. 219, Regent-street, London.
No
Second _Edition, with Additions,
Bvo., in cloth, price 55., by post free, Bs. 6d.,
ON TRUE & FALSE SPERM A TORRWEA;
with the View to the Correction of wide-spread Errors
n relation to the Treatment and Cure of Sufferers from Debility of the
Generative System, or Sexual Hypochondriasis.
Translated from the German of Dr. PICKFORD.
"Dr. Pickford is known to English readers by his frequent practi-
cal contributions to German medical literature. This is the first
time, he informs us, that he has addressed himself to the non-medi-
cal reader. We trust this may not be the last, if he shall
detect any other equally flagrant evil which it may be in his
power to correct."—London Medical Gazette, May 30, 1851.
- The editor has conferred a great boon on the sufferers from this
distressing malady by translating this little book, and by laying bare
the scandalous practices of unqualified adventurers, who profess to
cure a disease of which they know nothing, with no other object
than to fill their own purses. The difference between true Sperma-
torrhcea and the various forms of disease which resemble it are
accurately described, and thus a safe guide is offered for the
treatment of the malady "—Medical Circular, May 5, 1852.
- We have delayed so long upon the contents of the preliminary
chapter, that we have scarcely left ourselves space for any notice of
the subject specially treated of by Dr. Pickford ; but the moderate
price at which the brochure' is sold, places it within the reach of
every one interested in the matter."—Dublin Medical Press, April
18,1852.
No. 11.
[Bvo., in cloth, price 3s. 6d., by post free, 4s.
THE CURE OF STRICTURE OF THE URETHRA, on Princi-
ples at once Simple, Safe, and Efficient, in even its most Inveterate
and apparently Intractable Forms. To which is added, PRACTICAL
OBSERVATIONS ON THE TREATMENT OF SPERMATORR-
IIMA. BY CAUTERIZATION its Inefficiency and Danger.
BY F. B. its
Inc
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
" Those who complain most loudly are those only who know not
how to use the common instruments
geons has been maeced with all kinds of violence, an isdifference
about the simple cure of diseases, and a passion for operations and
all the excesses and horrors of surgery.hn Bell's Surgical
of a great many cases successffilly treated, as bad
e adduced, and on which ho had operated.
Observations.— In proof of his views he (Mr. Courtenay) has
But cases xviii. and xis. appear, both
the treatment by dilitation, and was finally
a givenssucahn yat
are
ee
hciacshe s historyr
r.• y
m. x
and xvill. No. ix. had resisted, for a
rpeenirioodveodf
itnwaelsv
in duration, severity, and complication of symptoms, of a more ag•
gravated character than any detailed by Mr. Syme, and yet the
treatment adopted by Mr. Courtenay proved eminently successful."
—Protests, r Lizars on the Treatment of Stricture.
me yaneyarws.eeks.

R. CULVERWELL'S NEW WORKS.
; C arvalho,
D
Mann, 39, Cernhill ; or direct from the author , •
of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row
price One Shilling each; by post, Is. 6d.
FleeTt-ostrbeeet; had
ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.
"Health, 'Recreation, and Rational Use of Time.*
Covrrmqrs :—Early Rising—spring and Summer 3fornings—Ex-
carsions about the Environs of London—The Yarns, Lanes, Hills,
Forests, Fields, High-roads, and other pleasant Places—Country
Trips and Rambles—The Sea—London at Night—Evenings at Home
—Music—The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping. Bathing,
Air, Rest, Ease, Occupation, ike••
U
FRAGMENTS FROM THE MOUNTAINS. Two VOl/1,
Vol. I.
VISIT TO THE LAKES ; SKETCH OF EDINBURGH, &a,
Vol. 11.
THE LAKES OF KILL &RNEY ; REMINISCENCES Or
DUBLIN, Bco.
111.
WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID,
" That three score years and ten our course may run."
A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner-
vously-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that harasses
the young, besets the man of pleasure, business, or study, and era-
bitters old age ; with tables and rules for the diet and physical rev.
.atlon of every-day life.

THE PASSIONS.
"What pinions hurt the body—what improve;
Truths as refined as Athens over heard."

Strit.TECT :—Lifo's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The adz
vent of the passions. Chastity and its infringements. The casual-
ties ollicentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations graphic, nar.
ratty°, and remediative. Advocacy of early marriages.

THE MARRIAGE STATE.

To be or not to be, that is the question."

IMOGRAXME :—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and reli-
gion regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and
choice, on both sides, as to age, temperament, complexion, and
figure, to: secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them.
Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.
Cases, &c.
By R. J. CIJLVERWELL, M.D. (1841), 111.R.C.5. (1827), L.S.A.
1824). Twenty-live years Medical and Forensic Referee in thes,
matters. Reception hours daily till Five. Evenings, Seven till
Nine. 10. Argyll-niece. Regent-street-

BALLOON ACCIDENT. Mr. Hampton's belli;O;
called Erin-go-bragh, which was to have ascended on Mon-
day from the Pavilion Gardens, over against Woolwich, broke
from its retaining cordage, ascended without a pilot, and
when at a great height burst with a loud report.
[ADVERTISEMENT.]—THE ROYAL ExminiTioN.--A
valuable, newly-invented, very small powerful waistcoat
pocket glass, the size of a walnut, by which a person can be
seen and known 14 miles distant ; they answer every purpose
on the Race-course, at the Opera-houses ; country scenery
and ships are clearly seen at 12 to 14 miles; they are In-
valuable for shooting, deer stalking, yachting, to Sports-
men, Gentlemen, Gamekeepers, and Tourists. —Ts be had
at 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, observe, opposite the
York-hotel. Telescopes—A new and most important in-
vention in Telescopes, possessing such extraordinary powers,
that some, 34 inches, with an extra eye piece, will
show distinctly, Jupiter's Moons, Saturn's Ring, And the
Double Stars. With the same Telescope, weighing only three
ounces, can be seen a person's countenance 3i milee distant,
and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They supersede every
other kind for the waistcoat pocket, and are of larger and all
sizes, with increasing powers accordingly. Opera And Race-
course glasses, with wenderful powers ; an object can be
clearly seen from 14 to 16 miles distant. Messrs. 8. and B.
Solomons, Opticians, have invented invaluable preserving
Spectacle Lenses, immediately they are placed before imper-
fect vision, every object appears clear and distinct, the most
aged defective sight becomes bright and brilliant, is brought to
its youthful, natural, and original state. The Invisible Or-
ganic Vibrator, and all kinds of Acoustic instruments fir relief
of extreme deafness.-39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, ob-
serve opposite the York Hotel.

COURT OF COMMON COUNCIL.
PROPOSAL FOR A NEW BRIDGE OVER TEE THAMES.
At a Court held yesterday, Mr. BAIKLY (in the
absence of Mr. Thomas Rowley, the chairman of the
Bridge-house Estates Committee),
He move, " That the
report recommending the re-building of Blackfriars-
bridge be adopted."
said that the Committee
were decidedly of opinion that it woull not be wise
to expend their means in repairing the bridge, bat
that they were unanimously of opinion that a new one
should be erected.—(Hear, hear.) Is the repairs
connected with that bridge some thousatds of pounds
had been expended, and having had so ouch of repa-
rations in such matters, the committee thought it
better to submit to the consideration of the Court at
large whether it would not be better at once to con-
struct a new bridge. lie therefore moved that the
court agreed with the committee in their report.
Deputy HOLT submitted that as the chairman of
the Bridge-house Estates Committee
place, that it would be wise to postpone the motion.
om vas not in his
Mr. Besmocn observed that he had had for some
time a notice upon the paper of business with refer-
ence to the desirability of constructing a new bridge ,
over the Thames in a direct line with Old 'Change,
north and south. He was ready to go on with that
proposition, in conjunction with the one then before
the court as to the recommendation for constructing
a new Blackfriars-bridge, and he believed, if he
was permitted to do so, he ~should --h
ould be able materially
to abridge the discussion on both of -]e propositions.
The-Courr therragreed •trM Ifell'eutttlfg-pro-
posal should be entertained simultaneously with the
report.
Mr. BENNOCH then said, although he had given
notice of the motion for a new
bridge so long ago as
December, 1851, he was nevertheless glad of the
delay, as the report introduced by the Bridge-house
Committee added weight to his proposal. In pro-
posing such a scheme as he had to introduce, compre-
hending an improvement of the
most important kind,
he had no personal or pecuniary advantage in view.
Neither the pulling down of old and dilapidated
houses, nor the building of new ones,
could benefit
him. His business lay in a different direction. Since
notice of the motion had appeared in the public
papers, he had received many offers of assistance from
influential inhabitants, who thought that any propo-
sition so extensive should be backed by petitions from
the citizens ; but he had declined such offers, being
anxious that the corporation should take the initia-
tive, and have all the merit of so important a work.
There was no good without a certain admixture of
evil. The noblest river, however essential to the
health and comfort of a large city, was still an enor-
mous inconvenience. While it brought to their doors
the necessaries and luxuries of life, and carried
away the refuse of their streets, still, by dividing
one portion of the population from the other, it
became an evil to be mitigated by the
construction of bridges alone. He would endeavour
to prove the necessity for a new bridge, the fitness of
the site suggested, and the probable cost of the con-
struction, and the general advantages of the plan re-
commended. He would only ask say of the mem-
bers to stand on London-bridge for ten minutes be-
tween nine in the morning and six in the evening,
to convince them of the necessity of further accom-
modation for the increasing traffic of the metropolis.
Blockaded with waggons, cabs, and omnibuses, at
certain times it was almost impassable, At Black-
friars-bridge the evils were greatly aggravated.
Much of the crowding of the large
thoroughfares
arose from the fact that many of them converged at
a certain point without sufficient provision being made
for the proper circulation of carriages. New streets
were opened parallel with old ones, which they re-
lieved at one point to block up at another. Traffic
north and south naturally found its way over Black-
friars or London-bridge. Omnibuses from Islington
to Kennington might go down Newgate-street to
avoid the crush on Ludgate-hill, but they must go
across the line at Farringdon-street ; others went to
London-bridge to swell a tide already too full, and
everybody knew that the sleepy progress and
frequent interruption of public conveyances
rendered it economical hi point of time to ,
walk rather than ride from Aldgate to
Temple-bar. If Southwark-bridge were free
of toll to-morrow it would not greatly relieve the
streets. There was no outlet to the stream of traffic.
It would ease London-bridge of many of its 'car-
riages, but it would soon block up Queen-street, and
find a dead lock in Cheapside, while the
were so bad that heavy drays would avoid it. In all
improvements, especially in the formation of bridges,
a free outlet should be the chief aim, ant until Vic-
toria-street was completed London-bridge alone
agreed with that principle. It would be interesting
public conveyances through stoppages to arrive at the annual amount of the less sustained
gradients
by brewers, wharfingers, serriers, and Proprietors of
An ingenious friend of his had gone in;o the calcu-
tion, be
and come to the conclusion that what might
done in ten minutes usually occupied fifteen minutes,
taking the loss at 3001. per day, pounds per
to the sacrifice of one of two thousani
day, or from 300,000/. t 0600,000/.
h the streets.
per annum; but
100,000/. annually, an anount almost
not only since oursufficient to
nt deducible
build a bridge once a year. The argute
from the extraordinary Acrease of public convey-
ances,there vas a loss of
bridge was
.ht.
com-
menced. but opened, mud have considerable weight.
Since then cabs had multiplied fotr or five-
fold, whilst of omnibuses, which were 1t that period
last City
into courting-houses, unknown, there were upwards of 3,000, The rapi
conducted within a circumscribed area, turneddwell-
ing-housesth
spread of commerce, rad the necessitiel of business,
population to reside i$ the various suburbs, and the
std from their
vehicles necessary to convey them to forced e
houses seriously added to the traffic. Bat the argu-
ment arising from g-houses, and
de rapid increase d population_ e
was perhaps the fost conclusive, ant might b
gathered from the following facts :—ln the year 1801,
when the population was but 958,865, there were
but three bridges; in 1811, when mire
we
were
se o u de-
manded,ls there being an increase 0f119,952
'
T
there was no additiin to the number. -n 1821, when
the increase amoucted to 240,132, two were com-
pleted, making fire in all. In
1831, five
one of the
bridges,
bridges was widened, still there were butompared with
although the population had risen, as
a° they had
1801, to an increase of 293,375. In Fsl
d, was a foot
six bridges, one of which, Hungerfor
bridge only, thcagh the population bad reached the
enormous numb'r of 2,369,640.—(5ear.) It would, one foot
therefore, be :ten that since 1821, only
:ads widened. If
bridge has beer added, and one briee-vies obliged to
from increasedtraffie, London-bridge
be widened, suety f
ci an increase nearly a million
provision in-
dispensable.—(Hear.) would render additional bridge
dispensable.—(Hear.) Looking
carefully at the
appear that after the
figures produced, it would really
year 1821 eery increase of 250,000 required an ad-
ditional bridge, and, upon this basis, instead of five
bridges adopted to traffic-carriage, they ought to
have ten. Were the foundation laid to one
0,000 would be
be-
fore it coati be opened at 103.4001 contrast their
added to Ve population. Let of Paris. They
bridge accommodation with that
would findthat over the Seine, in a distance of four
miles and a half, there were 14 bridges, or one in 580
ded the others lng to
yards.-411.ear.) If they
adld be increased toeadi 27, all
the old city, the number
,lelvaa
aahear)—while the popula-
tion way little more than °.etermine the number of
°d
If distance should alone
bridge) necessary, and -- ;e
Paris was to be taken as the
standerd• instead of sag
bridges in London, they
-El- And what still more
aggravated the evil was'
ought to have 42, —(Bear')
—ear.t)
that between London and
t one free bridge, and that
Westminster they bad but
~
te ,) If they took Lyons,
was broken-backed.--(A 1
naple, they would find
another French city, as a
Belem le bridges over the
that in five miles ther.e
they had seven over the
Saone; and in 3i miles
Rbone--19 alto ether. As there the population
g
about one-seventh of ours—
was only 350,000,
or
ere to be taken as the
odd if population
were to be taken as the
criterion for the number of bridges required
criterion for the
~ level with Lyons in that
to place London on t- have 132 instead of seven
respect, they ought
hoe new bridge he had the pri-
bridges.—(Hear-) lid corm a link, connecting lines
vilege to propose wou 1
~,. direct north and south ; and
of traffic running eft were completed, they would
when the approacee-
t from the Angel, at Islington,
have a continuous stree indeed all the way to
and Castle, or, ,
to the Elephant e There would be no needless
Clapham.—(Hear.) crowd London-bridge, nor tol
deviation to the left to kf ' s a large Blac riar . As
the right to choke
°Psidents had business in the centre
hum-
her of the Claphara re.
~,ht come directly to St. Paul's,
of the City, they ""tle present free bridges, and avoid
greatly relieve both
the slippery incline of Blackfriars, as well as the
te or Snow; while Smithfield,
when the market wa
steep hills of Ludga
5 removed, might become a
omnibus depot, a public convenience
great central 'red•—(Hear.) His proposed im-
provement began - and open a proper approach to
To widen Old Chang ' 'Ch t aide of Old 'Change must be taken
the bridge, the west
down. From Fish'street to Thames-street, the east side
must come down, and from Thames-
of Lambeth-hill
'
street to the river the eastern side of Trig-lane must
be taken down. They would observe that all the
way only one aide of a street had to be takes down,
and only half compensation could be claimed, while

equal Cannon-street
in
Doctors' Commons would remain undisturbed. The
street projected from
Thomas's '
I Blackfriars, did not
route chosen ; and if they look
tion of the approaches to
the Thames, London-bridge, of the bridges across
simplicity
dEbaeral•sttyr etehte,
at the rates of incline-
ft., 4 ft. rise ; Southwark, asegt,ll°sPital'
from the gate of St. on the Surrey side,
(City side), 4 ft. 6 in.; Blackfriars in. ; Southwark
(Surrey side),
3 ft. 10 in.; Waterloo (ditto), 3arfBt
the proposed bridge (Surrey side),
(ditto), 3 ft. 9 in. ; Middlesex side, 9es.tminstedr
in. ;dan
the City side it would be on the level.
Then let them look at the cost of the several bridges.ar.)
The new London-bridge cost 680,2321., removing
the old bridge, 35,600/. ; the approaches, ,840,436/
Southwark, including the approaches, 800,000/.. ;
Blackfriars, ditto, 210,000/. ; Waterloo, ditto,
1, 000,000/. ; Westminster, 388,7001.; Vauxhall,
150,000/. ; Hungerford, 110,0001.; while he had
it from the best authority that the proposed bridge,
which he would name " St. Paul's," to be 60
feet in width, with a headway of 27 ft. 6 in.,
might be erected for 144,0001. The estimate of
144,0001. did not include the purchase of any land
or compensation to be given, but even these, from
the character of the locality, might be fairly con-
sidered less than is usual in such cases. The sum, '
though moderate, is ample, and the designer would
guarantee its execution within the estimate. This
'arises from various causes—such works, through the
incitement of railway enterprise, are better under-
stood. The nature of iron, and its many advantages
in works of this magnitude, are thoroughly compre-
hended ; and, above all, coffer-dams and the old-
fashioned system of pile-driving are entirely dispensed
with by a recent very ingenious application of the
principles of the diving-bell. A tube is dropped
into the water, and rests upon the bed of the river. If
the river is deeper than the tube is long, other tubes
are riveted to it until the uppermost stands above high
water ; an apparatus with double valves is fixed on
the top, and made air-tight, an air-pump is then ap-
plied, and the pressure within the pipe raised until it
expels the water, which cannot ooze in again, the
pressure within being greater than the density
of the water without, and keeps the interior
of the tube perfectly dry. Workmen then de-
scend, dig away the ground from under the edge of
the tube, which sinks by its own weight, and as it
sinks other cylinders are fixed on the top, and the
2 ft. 6 hinad.:
aHinnelo::
whole let down until they have reached a solid foun-
dation. In this manner the tubes of one of the piers
for the new bridge at Rochester were lowered forty
feet below the bed of the river, and planted on the
solid rock, and they could have taken it 400 feet if
necessary. The material cut out is lifted up through
the valves before named, and when the proper depth is
gained, they introduce bricks and Portland cement,
and fill the cavity of the tube with them, which im-
mediately becomes as strong as stone. These tubes
(being six or seven feet in diameter) are placed within
two or three feet of each other and in double rows,
and can be extended to any length that the width of
the bridge requires. They are then all braced to-
gether with beams of iron, and on the top is placed a
plate of iron, with transverse, beams, and the cavities
between, about twelve inches deep, are filled with
cement, Ste. Then round all the tubes is fixed a
shield, pointed up and down the river, so that all
danger is warded off awl injury from collisions
avoided. The plate described may then become the
foundation for the stonework, from which the arches
spring, or the plate itself may become the foundation.
Should any question arise as to the durability
of the iron; or its likelihood to corrode
and fall off, he (Mr. Bennoch) had been
assured by Sir Charles Fox, than whom there is
no better authority, that iron in such a position, and
one inch thick, would last 500 years, but if it did fall
off you have still left the solid masonry, which time
could hardly destroy. He had, he trusted, proved sa-
tisfactorily the three propositions he set out with—
the necessity was obvious--no site could be better
chosen—and the cost will be only half the cost of
Blackfriars, and only one-fourth the expense of Lon-
don-bridge. The streets in the neighbourhood seem
to have been arranged as if some such improvement
had then been contemplated. After crossing the
river on a dead level from Fish-street by a very
gentle descent of 2 feet 6 inches in 100 it comes to
the level at Union-street, crossing only two streets
of any importance—Thames-street, in the City, and
Great Guildford-street, in the Borough; continuing
southward it joins the New Southwark-bridge-road
beyond the Queen's Bench, and gives a direct line
from the heart of Middlesex to the heart of Surrey.
One objection may be urged which has generally made
weight, but in this instance opposition would be
fruitless, as he believed the building of a church
where church accommodation was needed would
overcome the scruples of the Bishop of
London ; and permission to pull down St.
Mary's, Fish-street, would easily be obtained.
He (Mr. Bennoch) had caused statistics of
attendance of the churches in that locality to be taken,
and was astonished to find, that in seven churches
within 200 yards of the one proposed to be removed
only 250 persons were present. In one at the corner
of Old Change and Watling-street there was a con-
gregation of 150, leaving only 100 for the other six
churches, an average of not quite 27 each, so the re-
moval of one would not greatly overcrowd the others.
One word more and I have done—how were.the funds
to be raised ? That was legitimately within the scope
of the inquiry of the committee ; but he believed the
scheme carried with it so much common sense and
argument that Government would immediately sanc-
tion any feasible plan to raise the necessary amount ;
it is a question for Middlesex and Surrey, quite as
much as for the corporation, and all might be bound
to centribute their shares. So far as the City
is concerned, he verily believed that not only
would the ground be cleared, compensation
given, but the bridge built for less money
than it would cost to open the road to
Earl-street; and there is no comparison between
them when the public convenience is duly considered
—it would not indeed cost more than the removal
of Farringdon Market. While advocating the
scheme he had projected he had studiously avoided
any remarks upon the present or late improvements,
because he felt that those completed and others sug-
gested went far to render necessary the one they
were then considering; and if the court would refer
it to a committee to be investigated, he would pledge
himself to substantiate, by irrefragible evidence, every
statement he had made. He would, therefore, move,
as an amendment, " that no further proceedings shall
be taken in the proposed rebuilding of the bridge at
Blackfrisrs, especially a temporary bridge, until
the Bridge-house committee have examined and re-
ported on the propriety of building a new bridge
across the Thames between Blackfriars and South-
wark-bridge,; and the probable cost of the same,
and the approaches thereto I and that the report be
referred back to the Bridge-house committee ac-
cordingly."
Mr. ANDEETON seconded the amendment.

Alderman LAWRENCE remarked that there could
be no doubt but that the erection of a temporary
bridge, as proposed in the report before the Court,
woad involve a considerable amount of expense, and
he thought that such an amount would be much bet-
ter laid out if it were dedicated, in part, towards the
erection of an extra bridge for the convenience of the
great body of their fellow-citimens.—(Hear, hear.)
t
Whether the proposal of Mr. Bennoch, as to the
he ther.
bridge crossing the Thames at that identical spot,
was the best that could be selected,
unim would be
andco,nisni
d erei
dd , e
g. uhnope r o
s, m
dered by the committee to which the matter might
be referred. As to difficulties with regard to levels
which had manifested themselves on former occasions
especially with reference to Blackfriar's-bridge, they;
i umsevsatbaltee. eHe
o m heartily
ittee, foagreed r
full
B with
bridgehadbeenthen
nsi.
Mde
be referred, with the original report, to the
ration.

Upon a show of hands it was found that Mr. Ben.
noch's amendment was carried without a single dill'
sentient.

WORKS OF ART FOR THE MANSION HOUSE.
A report was brought up by Mr. J. B. Taffge'
chairman of the committee for general purPsegt th
re-
lative to procuring works of art to ornament
Mansion House.--Agreed to.

THE FLEET VALLEY IMPROVEME3a%
Har-
rison) in his place, wished to as of the
Deputy BEDFORD, seeing the chairman
Fleet-valley improvement committee
his constituents
were exceedingly anxious about the
on an early day in the
anything was likely to be don
y er°ovement ?
matter of the Fleet-
"lle"
improvement
to answer Deputy
Deputy HARRISON
was
onamittee were waiting to
Bedford's inquiry.
Thteocf the court, with whom, up
be moved by parties
out
dunot had communication. The
k—asmatter—wh.ether
to that time, they bad
so
nothing to repoil.--c.—_____—____-___-_-_—_—_______
matter, therefore,
_
cip._ rested, that they had simply

DUTCH CATTLE.--The ar 544
lge number of 1,
by the vessel
shee besides 81 head of oxen and. cows,
.1 horse, and 41
calves, were recently brought from Nieuw hey-
produce of Holland. This is the largest
William Penn, the
number ever brought on one occasion from abroad since the
first introduction of foreign cattle to any extent into this
country.

[PRICE SD.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
Madnekaitnhda—satadbt
rldbeaußsrtiyairin—nna,l,eltahclileavi;biaid—cdortbuennadet
FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
tries—have agreed to respect the period which inter-
venesinisstime when the earthly tenement
the
soule s
action
thi
oa has desertedwh iwhich
it
hs eaesnal
lost
st nota whollynd the
betweenS.
solemnd ay days of
annodt h i
touchinglig
uncon-
scious of the life which once animated it, and lingers
corrup-
tion to which it is destined. The family are secluded
from the eye of the public, the ordinary place of
hearts, and
worship is deserted, and the greedy heir himselfuetial ,
wbehtiac•heenth
restrain his impatience to know the amount of his
acquisitions till the grave has closed over the form of
their late possessor. If these be the forms and solem-
nities of a private mourning, how much more faith-
fully should they be observed when a nation grieves
with genuine and unsimulated sorrow for the loss of
the greatest of her sons ? So long as those limbs
which for our sake have braved every danger from
which human nature shrinks back, and have been
preserved as if by miracle to sink in an honoured
of Greece are
andmature old age, remain still uninterred, the
thought of the mighty dead should be uppermost in
our
warrior before
jealousies d rivalrieslittle apace
an of theliving. Death has
just struck d Achilles can
Own a noble prey.
wield his arms
contending
more, and the second-rate heroes
the
last s
unavailingpacesh ould
honoursbele ft for the.
ntending for the spoils of the great
have been
paid to his memory. History
not forget to record that
hours after the death of the within four and-twenty
Chancellor met together, not
irrepa-
rable loss which the country to
ton the heads of the Thstihre Great Duke of Welling-
wivioer her studies
whatm the vacant
tr ity 0 andf
wb
inb biography
hawa
awtihl will
deplore the
sustained, not to consult wa thellnd
that learned body might best show manner in which
and ber councils, but to consider to
man who for 18 years had presided its
o
University had
grief for the
chair of office might be offered andmeasures
might be taken for securing the succession
preliminary meeting was not unfruitful, for The
on
Friday, just three days after the late honoured Lord
and Chancellor of the University had breathed bib
last, a requisition was framed and signed by Heads
and Fellows of Collges, declaring the Earl of Derby
to be eminent'y qualified for the Chancellorship of the
University, and inviting all members of Convocation
who might be of the same opinion to join in a request
to his Lordship that he would allow himself to be put
in nomination. It would be too much to expect
that where a Prime Minister is concerned, the honour
to the dead, or self-respect of the living, would be
allowed to restrain the burning zeal of this learned
and enthusiastic body. Many reasons combine to
make the Earl of Derby the natural choice of a large
number of the resident members of the University of
Oxford. The maxim " Blessed be each man pos-
sessed of aught to give" is nowhere more cordially
recognised than in our ancient seats of learning. The
man who can make the Head of a College into a
Bishop, a Tutor into the Head of a Hall, or a Master
of Arts into a fat rector, has more virtues than meet
the eye—more capabilities than a superficial observer
can detect, and is the object of a hero worship more
sincere and unfaltering than that which waits on mere
virtue and merit. In their zeal to fling themselves at
the feet of the Premier the Oxonian magnates had no
time to think of the glorious past or solemn present
of their Chancellor. Their thougbts, their aspirations,
were all for the future. The dead might bury their
dead, the living, especially those who live by patron-
age, must look to the living. Besides these very ob-
vious individual motives, there was another cause at
work, sufficient alone to have driven the remem-
brance of the Duke of Wellington from the minds
of the resident Oxford electors. The report of the
recent Commission threatens the University with
changes which the routine and obstructive spirit of
the place regards with aversion and terror. We are
told that the great Duke bad arrived within a few
pages of the end of this report, and we cannot doubt
that his clear and masculine intellect yielded an assent
to many of the propositions it maintains and enforces,
never, unhappily, destined to be carried into action.
Escaped from the danger of a reforming Chancellor,
the last chance for avoiding the dreaded changes was
to link the fate of the University to one who, like
Lord Derby, had political power to protect her from
improvement, and like him, would be willing to per-
petuate any abuse whose existence gave power to
himself or stability to his Government. With such
an object in view, with no less an end to attain than
the enlisting the premier in defence of University
abuses, it was only natural that the respect due to the
mighty dead should be forgotten and the canvass for
a new Chancellor should commence when the frame
of the old one was scarcely cold in the glorious repose
well earned by eighty years of labours and battles.
The same indecorous haste which spurred on the ap-
plication to the Earl of Derby has pervaded the other
arrangements of the clique who have already given
away the highest honour which the University has to
bestow. We are informed that the day of election
for the new Chancellor is already fixed for the 12th
of October. A wish is also expressed that the Uni-
versity may be spared the annoyance and trouble of
a contest. The friends of Lord Derby have been so
unscrupulous as to mature and carry out their mea-
sures within less than a week from the death of the
Duke of Wellington, and they claim as the reward
of their questionable diligence the right to give away
the highest position in the University without contest
and without question. The case has been settled
while the rest of the University have been engaged in
counting up the services and regretting the irreparable
p o in
whicht m en n
it ei
official
fabt
the
have
al 12 t
been
e e o
nf
less of the greatest man who has ever filled, or who
will ever fill, the presidential chair of the Sheldonian
theatre ; and it were surely hard to disappoint those
indefatigable personages who knew how to employ
these precious moments so much better than
in vain regrets and unselfish contemplations.
It is, however, quite possible that the mea-
sures by which a small knot of resident seniors
have contrived to nominate a Chancellor for the
ym suse
111)1 vsei sz.e,
University may provoke the very opposiciatitioasniuibaijetetictsttiooihnlelsb-yoe
October
rto a
sfo ther es tdaalyl .
of The
election,ap
so easily postponed till the meeting of the Colleges,
has too much the air of an attempt to withhold the
franchise from the resident electorsptuorsbyueitailploofwpeadtrtoos.:
pass wishout censure and without resistance. The
younger Masters of Arts, for the most part now absent
from Oxford on their vacation rambles, will be apt
to consider that they have as good a right as their
sideTs The
ein keen
urn
s of the turf are
patro-
nage, willogresident ,
benewt
disposed
insi
scesphnoitrsooeer
dnst
bdtteeoor
ask University
tformh e Ewa nah ralotp
of iaannri
Derby
nettrbohbene
beyond those of high rank and large
secured at the price of so much jocke and so
tpmooul
politics
es indecorum.
polneasuarlel
those who may come forward not such para-
mount. recommendations as to
hasty measures, and it is possible
that those who look
singly to the good of the
University might find else-
where a nobleman whose pursuits and whose tastes
fit him far better for the discharge
academical
duties. Without anticipating of .
na necessitate s sai t a t devotione
psaur such
of
of
or prejudurtgo
members of the Univer.t at thfrearenctses
1 y whose has been
invaded by the indecorous of the senior haste e
resi-
dents, it occurs to many men in
us that there
this land whose ld bear a favourable
pretensions wou . .
comparison with those of the Premier in all except
place and patronage. We commend the subject to
i the consideration
of Oxford,and hope that the Uni-
r those
versity will assert its own freedom of action, and not
thou h the
somewhat
hasty supporters of Lord Derby may
in his behalf the patronage
of the merit of exercising
of the Chancellorship.
Stirling an elaborate eulogium on the
pro-
nouncing _
waellington said :—" Perhaps I am the more
is notori-
NEWS.--Lord John Russell when
justified insaying What I have done because there
there were no, persons, except the
few, Perhaps
late Lord Melbourne and myself, who )
might ear this
estimony—that however he (the Duke) g differ
int political sentiments with the person who held the
chief office in the political service of the State, he was
o willing, as ready, as forward in giving every assist-
ance that he thought for the benefit of his country, to
b eubne
al
bo
lwe
DweuDrkeeAolfLsa
one who differed in political opinions, as he would
have been to the dearest of his political friends." This
is, indeed, high praise—praise, the value of which is
infinitely, increased, when coming from the mouth of
a political opponent. But few persons know so well
as the Whig leader the value of the influence which
the Duke exercised. The House of Peers
many of the
ously behind the age in its knowledge of the signs of
the times. Nevertheless, it may be affirmed
aorfeofte
mem-
bers of this order that however they may
the
position. level of
cgoennsecri
Conscious
s that publict intelligence, lwi ige
reen
themselvesce , t beyy
practically willing to recognise the realities of their
themselves unreservedly upon
to collect sufficient materials to form lucid judgments
re--for instance--
common sense of the Duke.
upontbrewgtrbenamt
Often and often
has his Grace had in his pocket enough votes to give
a majority in the House of
I Peers.
is known—as many as sixty pr •
proxies confided to him.
The Duke of Wellington by his death has
the great prac-
ticalthus sur-
rendered the keeping of some sixty consciences, which