The Sun.
London, England, 1864-08-16 00:00:00

FEDERAL ATROCI T=3.

(From a Correoponeeno
I send you a statement of occurrences now going on in the
United States, which for barbarity exceed anything within
my knowledge. The extracts enclosed are from Louisville
(Kentucky) papers of July 20. And for what are these
defenceless women and children deported from their homes
and placed either in a wilderness at the mouth of the Mis-
sissippi River (where nothing lives but alligators or snakes),
or sent among a hostile people in the North, without the
means of sustenance and no possibility of getting any em-
ployment ? Their attachment to the Southern cause, their
refusal to take the oath of allegiance to the infamous des-
potism of the North, has caused this treatment. Think of
refined ladies and tenderly nurtured children being exposed
to such horrors. The stories of Russian and Austrian
atrocities in bygone days pale beneath the merciless inge-
nuityf
Yanukpeoentocrivtuzesd.
ideas
of war, presuming that the
non-combatants should be left in their homes without ther people wage this war of in-
dependence
infliction of punishment upon them for mere opinion. The
Yankee has violated every rule of warfare, and daily prac-
tises most horrible atrocities which you do not hear of. I
give you an extract from a private leiter from Kentucky :--
"Johnston has retired step by step before Sherman until
his advance is now near Atlanta, but his course is marked by
devastation and death, and his army, daily weakened by
assaults of the rebels, is only kept up by constant reinforce-
ments, and we are all calmly waiting to hear that he is
overwhelmed. The acknowledged loss of the army is
40,000 since it first marched againt Dalton. The real loss
is far greater. Some of Sherman's omcers now say he dares
not retreat, as it would be worse than a 'Moscow' The
war is daily assuming a more savage character. If men are
killed or robbed by roving bands, perhaps of mere robbers
of either army, at once orders are sent here to forward so
many prisoners to that place, and they are then hung on
the same spot without trial. This has been done twice in
four days. Sherman forwarded 249 women and children
from their homes to be sent north of the Ohio, utterly desti-
tute, to go among those who hate them. 29 women and
children, refined ladies, came on the 19th, were put in the
military prison that night, and forwarded the next day down
the Mieeissippi to the extreme limits of the Gulf of Mexico,
to dwell with alligators or to die in the swamps. And the
crime of the Southern women was in aiding the rebellion in
which their fathers, sons, husbands, and brothers are meet-
ing this brute in deadly hostility. I eend you this slip with
their names. My blood boils, and my cry was, oh, that I
were a man to meet such dastardly villains, who thus war
upon defenceless women and children 1 And Christian Eng-
land, once so ready to rush like a knight errant in aid of the
downtrodden, stands quietly looking at these atrocities per-
petrated against a gallant race for maintaining their inalien-
able rights against the fanatical descendants of those who
murdered Charles I."

If this lady had been discovered in writing this letter she
too would have been sent among the alligators in the wilder•
ness. One of the extracts I enclose you is from the regular
Administration organ. The editor must be a demon. Ile
coolly speaks of ladies puuished «ith ouch cruelty as "on a
journey for their rights." The facts are horrible, and re-
quire no comment :

ON A JOURNEY FOR THEIR compliance
with the recent order promulgated by General Sherman,
requiring all disloyal citizens within the limits of his
division who were not willing to live under and abide by
the laws of the Federal Government, to be sent to a
country where they could enjoy free thought, free speech,
and free actions, in accordance with their principles and
love for the rebellion, the following named persons arrived
in this city yesterday evening, under guard, from the front
—Mrs Susan Birchfield, Peter G. Birchfield, James T.
Birchfield, E. Birchfield, Mary J. Birchfield, Mrs
E
Sarah M'Guff, Miss Susan M'Guff, Miss Priscilla M'Guff,
and Mrs Mary Brakefield, Bradley, Tennessee; Mrs Shoe-
Bilrizea Jolly,and Nancymrs
Jane
Call, Murphy, Georgia; Mrs
maker, and Mrs Core and three children, Calhoun, Georgia ;
Mrs Sarah Correlle and six children, Hamilton, Tennessee.
They were assigned quarters in the military prison last
night, and to-day will be placed on board of transports and
sent down the Mississippi river. We are not fully advised
as to the point of their destination, but presume that they
will be landed on the south-eastern shore of the Gulf.—
Administrative paper.

AnitIVAL Or WOMEN" ANT) CHILDREN FROM THE SOUTH.
—The train which arrived from Nashville last evening
brought up from the South 249 women and children, who
are sent here by order of Gen. Sherman, to be transferred
north of the Ohio river, there to remain during the war.
We understand that there are now atNashville 1,500 women
are to be sent to this place to be
cant North. A number of
and children who are in a very destitute condition, and who
them were engaged in the manufactories at Sweet Water at
the time that place was captured by our forces. These people
are mostly in a destitute condition, having no matins to pro-
vide for themselves a support. Why they should be sent
here to be transferred North is more than we can under-
stand. Tuesday night 24 women and children were received
at the barracks from the front. They were arrested and
se
y major General Sherman, charged with having
vio neral Orders No. 2' issued from headquarters,
Etowah. Ihey are to be sent down the Missis-
dinstll,at heetdr f
Missis-
sippi river to the Gulf of Mexico, and to by transferred from
the country. To what point they are to be sent we have
not yet learned.—Louisville Journal -Democratic.
Kentucky is under martial law and ruled by military des-
potism. No one dares to speak out against these barbarities.
Such a course would bring down
upon the offender the
same punishment. Sherman seems determined to carry out
his infamous proclamation of last April, when he said that
so far the United States Government had kindly allowed
the rebel women and children to occupy their houses, but,
if there was not a speedy
change in the sentiment of the
country, ho would not only take away their property and
give it to loyal inhabitants who might
come
in
to
settle
the
country, but he would also deport the disloyal inhabitants.
remedy for such
The only disloyalty Was to exterminate
the population and import better inhabitants from other
countries.
August 13.

The Sleswi
-4.
g_Holstein Complications,

gf-H anols Austrian strian a provisional govern.
The Frondenblatt says that Austria is for esta-
blishingm eut uu
composed
npSusl eesdwui
commissioner, a
Prussian commissioner, and a Federal commissioner.
SlesAwui
ments charged with the execution, Prussia, Austria,
Hanover, and Saxony, would each furnish part of
sgtrwu.opul rduscsoia nu tin
troops,ue to be
exclusively occupied
bywhile the four Govern-
the corps occupying Holstein. During the settle-
ment of this matter the discussions between the
journals of Vienna end those of Berlin are proceeds
ing with great vivacity, the first insisting on the
preservation of the rights of the n
—ormanic Confede-
ration, the second delighting to note the faults by
which the secondary Shies of Germany have
rendered themselves unwortl Y, in their opinion, of
participating at the present time in the triumph
obtained by the military succesbes and diplotnacy of
the two Great Powers. The Xorthern Gazette of
Germany makes itself especially remarkable by the
' extreme violence of its langatl'ge. In speaking of
the occupation of Lauenbii,rg by the Hanoverian
troops, it asks what rest: A it can hope to attain
by this offence directrjd against Prussia. "We
cannot see any," it 'days, " unless it be desired to
induce the Gernr...n Powers to oppose themselves
more seriousl--, than hitherto to this arrogance of
the indivie
4oalign which borders on frivolity."

Mineral Wealth of the United Kingdom.

1

The " Mineral Statistics of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland for the year 1863" by
Robert Hunt, F.R.S., Keeper of Mining Records,
havejust been published. The Mining Record-office
in which is preserved for the use of the public
every document which can be obtained having re-
lation to our extensive subterranean exp!orations is
one of the departments centred in the Museum of
Practical Geology which are under the general direc
tion of Sir Roderick I. Murchison. The mining and
metallurgical interests, sensible of the real value of
this office, freely communicate the returns by which
Mr R. Hunt is enabled to compile his annual vo-
lume. In all the continental States yielding mineral
produce returns are published at certain intervals,
which are more or less perfect. In every instance
such returns are compulsory, and are collected by
the officers of the Government in each mining dis-
trict, who communicate them to a central office. In
this country, on the contrary, there is no authority
making it compulsory on any mineral proprietor to
furnish information ; yet it is in nearly all eases
given without hesitation, upon application, and the
" Mineral Statistics" issued from our Mining Re-
cord-office will be found to be more complete than
any similar publications in Europe. From this work
we are enabled to place the following summary be•
fore our readers :—•

COAL.—Of this, the most important mineral pro.
duct, we obtained the enormous quantity of
86,292,215 tons, being an increase of more than
4,500,000 tons on the produce of 1862. Our exports
of coal in the three last years were as follows ;-
1861, 7,222,718 tons; 1862, 7,672,670 tons; 1863,
7,529,341 tons. Hence it follows that there must
have been greatly increased energy in some branches
of British manufacture to account for this large con-
sumption of coal. In 1862 it appears that consider.
able quantities were stocked, especially in Lanca-
shire, and other districts devoted to textile mann.
factures ; this does not seem to have been the case
last year, the whole being returned as " sold or
used."

The great extension of coal•mining is shown by
the fact that, in 1853, the number of collieries at
work amounted to 2.397; whereas, in 1863, the
number had risen to 3,180. In the great northern
coalfields of Durham and Northumberland we find
the production of its collieries bas increased from
19,360,356 tons in 1863 to 22,154, 146 tons in 1863
At the same time there has been a decrease of the
quantities shipped to foreign countries and sent
coastwise to the extent of 418,163 tons; but the
North-Eastern Railway carried out of this coalfield
2,029,803 tons of coal and coke more than it trans•
ported in 1862.

In the returns given of coal production the quan-
tities wasted is " getting" and at the pit's mouth
is not stated, It may be inferred that this is very
large when we find the coal-trade of the north giv-
ing in their report the " duff and waste" from their
own district is 500,000 tons. Taking this into
consideration it is evident that the rate at which
the exhaustion of our coal beds is now progressing
cannot be regarded as less than ninety millions of
tons per annum.

IRON.—The iron ore produce of the United King-
dom amounted to 9,088,060 tons. Of this the Cle-
veland district in the North Riding of Yorkshire,
produced 2,553,806 tons of argillaceous carbonate
of iron ; Scotland, 1,500,000 tons, principally of
black band iron ore ; while Lancashire gave
658,643 tons, and Cumberland 690,974 tons of their
remarkable red hematite. This iron ore with about
50,000 tons imported fed 597 blast furnaces,
which yielded the following amounts of pig iron :
England, 2,451,211 tons ; Waks, 898,829 tons ;
Scotland, 1,160,00 tons; total, 4,510,(40 tons.
This was 566,571 tone more pig iron than we made
in 1862. This will account for the extra consumps
tion of very nearly 2,000,000 tons of coals.
COPPER.—Oar copper mines hare, for some few
years exhibited a regular falling off in their rate of
production. Two hundred and twenty-two copper
mines, of which 190 arc in Devonshire sad Corn-
wall, gave 210,947 tons of copper ore, the money
value of this being £1,100,554. By smelting this
ore we obtained 14,247 tons of fine copper. In ad-
dition to this we imported from foreign and colonial
mines 26,386 tons of copper ore, which gave 4,461
tons of metal, sold at public sales; and 70,498 tons
of copper ore, producing 17,509 tons of copper, were
sold by private contract. Of the foreign ore we ina•
ported from Chili 25,966 tons, and 18,708 tons of
regulus, while Cuba sent us 15,570 tons of ore and
858 tons of regalia.
TIN.—We obtained from the tin mines of Corns
wall and Devonshire in the year 1863 a larger
quantity of tin than in all probability was ever
before produced. The tin ore raised being 16,157
tons, which gave 10,000 tons of white (metallic)
tin. When we remember that the tin mines of our
western peuinsala have been most industriously
worked for more than 3,000 years, this return will
convey some idea of the continued richness of this
stanniferous district, and of the enormous value
of the original deposit. We have recently been
made acquainted with some curious facts connected
with the mode of occurrence of tin in the
I, lode," or mineral vein. All the old tin mines
were shallow workings, and many mines were
abandoned at comparatively small depths when
the miners " came to the yellows," by which
they meant copper ore. The yellows," as the
phrase was, " always cutting the tin." Dalcoath,
and many other minee which were worked for
tin, passed gradually into copper mines, and were
then prosecuted to great depths for that metal.
Passing, however, through the copper ore in the
lode, the miners have again come into rich deposits
of tin. From Dalcoath mine, at a depth of nearly
300 fathoms, the adventurers obtained last year
1,026 tons of tin ore, worth £69,741. Many other
mines are exhibiting precisely the same conditions,
and the belief that the ores of the valuable metal
tin occur only near the surface is exploded. We
imported, principally through Holland and from
British India, via Singapore, 2,728 tons of tin and
669 tons of ore and regains.

LEAD.—The lead mines of these islands produced
91,283 tons of lead ore, which yielded 68,220 tons
of metallic lead, and 634,0040 z. of silver. Our lead
mines are more generally diffused than those of any
other metal except iron—the counties producing
the largest quantities being,—
Lead Ore. Lea& Silver.
Tons. Tons. Ounces.
Durham and Northumberland 22,774 17,205 81,315
Yorkshire .. 8,931 9,171 3,270
Denbighshire .. 7,919 6,432 29,797
7,131 6,661
Cardiganshire.. 58,846
Cumberland 6,690 4,949 41,304
Cornwall .. 6,259 4,270 206,312
There appears to be a regular order in the in•
crease of the quantities of silver contained in the
ores Of lead as we advance towards our southern
and western counties.
ZINC.—Of zinc ores—" bled...jack" of the miners,
" blends" of the mineralogists—our mines produced
13,699 tons, which, on smelting, gave of metallic
zinc 3,885 tons, Our Zinc miners have, however,
mach difficulty in competing with the mines pro-
ducing the ores of zinc on the Continent.
Compared with those already named, our other
mineral treasures are unimportant.
GOLD.—In the appendix to the Mineral Statistics
we have a complete list of all thu mines and col-
lieries of the United Kingdom, with the yuimes of
the companies or proprietors working them. From
this list we learn that there are 23 mines dignif ed
with the names of gold mines in North Wales. We
have, however, returns of gold from only two of
these, and the total quantity obtained is only 552
ounces, of the value of £1,747. In 1862 Vigra and
Clogan alone produced 5,299 oz. of gold of the value
of £20,390. These results, after all the excitement
about British gold mines which has been rife during
the past four years, leading to the expenditure of
very large sums of money upon the hills of Merion-
ethshire, should read a lesson to our eager adven-
turers.

The Great Polish Trial at Berlin.

The court held its 19th sitting in this case on the 9th inst.
Herr Brachvogel requested that his client, M. Mielenoki,
should be excused from attendance on the ground of illness,
and MM. Lisiecki, Janecki, and Holthoff, referring to a
summons which had been sent them to be preE ant at the
examination of witnesses in the case at Posen, moved that
these witnesses be examined at Berlin, as their duties to
their clients would not permit of their leaving that city. Dr
Wilkouski was also proposed as counsel for his brother,who
is one of the accused. The Court then retired. and returned
with the following decision :-
1. M. Mieleneli cannot be excused from attendance at the
trial.

2. The motion of the counsel for the defence relating to
the examination of certain' witnesses is rejected, and the
witnesses will be examined at Poseu whether the counsel
are present or not.
3. Thera is no objection to Dr Wilkonski as counsel for
his brother. . .

Herr Brachvogel then stated, in answer to an inquiry
from the President, that M. Mieleneki was so ill that it
would be impossible to bring him from his cell. The Crown
prosecutor now resumed the reading of the documents. The
first was an alleged copy (certified to by an Austrian offi-
cial) of a scheme for the organisation of the insurrection,
dated May 2, 1863. Messrs Brachvogel, Elven, Gneist,
and Lewald protested against this document being accepted
as evidence, as it was merely a copy of a project made, and
perhaps fabricated, by an Austrian official, and which, even
if it were authenticated, would not supply the smallest proof
as to the culpability of the accused, most of whom were
imprisoned before its date. The Crown presccutor replied
that Russia, Austria, and Prussia were perfectly justified
in assisting each other to put down an attempt
to restore the Poland of 1772. The document
was certified by an official of the Austrian Go-
vernment, and that should be sufficient proof ofits authen-
ticity. After a very animated discussion, the president
said that the question had already been settled, and re-
quested the defence not to return to it. A large number of
sentences in former political trials was then read ; after
which, Messrs. Janecki, Lisiecki, and Deycks proved that
it appears from these sentences that most of them were pros
nounced on boys for belonging to literary and historical
societies, and that the punishment awarded was very small,
and would, in schools in Prussia Proper, have simply
amounted to a flogging. M. Ducks also observed that as
at Berlin, with a quarter of the population of Posen, there
were in the year 1860-3 more than twice as many persons
sentenced for political offences as in the Grand Duchy, the
inference was that the Prussian population of Berlin were
very much more turbulent and revolutionary than the
Polish population of Posen. The Crown prosecutor ad-
mitted this, but denied that it was revelant to the matter at
issue. Oa the 10th, after a large number of documents had
been read, the witness Wagner was called, who stated that
one day M. Guttry requested him to take a bundle of papers
to Count Djialynski and bring him a receipt, which he did.
The official experts were then called to prove whether cer-
min Polish documents were in M. Guttry's hand writing,
and, after comparing them with two letters addressed by
that gentleman to the Commissioner of Justice and the
Landrath, declared the handwriting was M. Guttry's.
After a sharp discussion between the prosecution and the
defence, the latter maintaining that, as the official experts
did not understand Polish, they were not qualified to pro-
nounce on the authorship of a Polish letter, and that this
was a case where Polish experts should be called, the Court
came to the following decision :—" As the defence denies
that the documents in question are in N. Guttry's hand-
writing, and puts forward the evidence of the Polish ex-
ports against that of the official ones, the Court will sum-
mon the Polish experts as proposed, and also agree to the
proposal of the prosecution that the evidence of tue persons
to whom the letters are addressed should be taken."

The proceedings then closed, and the Court adjourned to
the 16th.

The Bishop of Capetown and Bishop Colenso.

The following' are the closing passages of the charge
delivered to the diocese of Natal, in the Cathedral of Pieter-
maritzburg, on May IS, by the Bishop of Capetown

This is a widowed diocese, The whole flock is without
its pastor. The clergy without their guide, counsellor,
friend. The church without its ruler. What are cur
present common rerpousgtiliti,s? The duty of my office
o.anapels me, scrle vacapte, to take charge of this diocese. I
'have come amongst pat for the express purpose 01 doing so.
During the vacancy, the clergy will lo.tk to rue icr in,
Biruc,ions as to all points of duty. They will hold them-
selves responsible to me. It is my earnest desire, my
reverend brethren, to render you every assistance in my
power, to share your anxieties and labours, to counsel you,
and, EO far as in me lies, to strengthen your hands in the
discharge of the duties of our common ministry. It will
not be long I trust, before another shall be appointed in
the room of him who has fallen from the faith, to fill his
vacant sat, and witness for Christ and for the faith in
this land. " His bishopric shall another take," is the
Spirit's rule for the Church in every age. But should
there be delay, as, in circumstances which are, happily,
of so novel a character, and in which so many and such
complicated interests are concerned, may possibly be the
case, I shall hold myself in readiness to visit you again, if
my other duties will admit of my so doing. Meantime,
until another bishop shall be consecrated, I have appointed
the very reverend the Dean to act as vicar-general. And I
may add, that I have asked J. W. Turnbull, Esq., barrister
at-law, to act as registrar; and have placed in his hands the
formal withdrawal of the power of attorney under whit&
the late Bishop administered the property of this Church
vested in the see of Cape Town. In conclusion, suffer me,
my reverend brethren, to set before you what, amidst your
present trials and anxieties, is your duty. To you, and to
your conduct in this post, and at this hour of danger, the
whole Church of Christ is looking ; for you it is praying ;
nay, from His throne in heaven your Lord looks
down and notes how each of His servants comports
himself at this crisis in the history of His church. God be
praised I ye are yourselves true and faithful to your Lord.
It is a ground of deep thankfulness that not one clergyman
holding a spiritual office in the whole province—through-
out this church in South Africa—has been led astray from
the faith of Christ by the false teaching that has been put
forth. But of you, my brethren, more is expected than this.
It is your privilege if ye so will, to be Christ's living witnesses
in the land in which your lot is cast; to stand up for Him
and for His truth—for the living word of God, and for the
written word of God—against him who has forsaken both.
Your trial is far less than His saints have endured in other
days. Ye are not called to " resist unto blood, striving
against sin." Ye are in no danger of bonds, or imprison-
ment, or death. Nay, the world, or all that would be re-
spectable in the world, ignorant and careless though some
be—all but the scoffer and the unbeliever—avowedly are on
God's side. And the assault upon the faith, on the part of
him who was set over you in the Lord, has not come, as it
might have come, in some subtle form, calculated to deceive
even the very elect, and requiring the keen and practised
eye of the theologian to detect; but it has come in the bare
and naked form of a direct asssult upon the foundation of
all revelation and of all faith, to which even the unlearned
cannot altogether shut his eyes. Your first duty, my reve-
rend brethren, is to witness in this land of ydur adoption,
for Christ and for the faith, once and once for all delivered.
My charge to you is to stand fast in the faith, to quit you
like men, to uphold, teach, maintain the good deposit which
ye have received, and to hand it on unimpaired to those
that shall come after. The first, and next, to regard this
sad falling away of your bishop as a solemn call from God
to watch more earnestly, lovingly, devotedly, over that
portion of the flock which the Chiet Shepherd has entrusted
to your keeping. Labour amongst them in season and
out of season. Pray for them with continual inter-
cession night and day. Strive to shield them from the
arts of the seducer, and to build them up in their
most holy faith. Win for yourselves the rich promise--the
glad welcome of your Lord when you shall have finished
your course—" To him that overcometh will I grant to sit
down with Me on My Throne, even as I also overcame and
am set down with the Father on His throne." " Well done,
good and faithful servant, enter, thou into the joy of thy
Lord." Realise the fact that unto you Christ entrust the
custody of His truth, the keeping of His faith in this land.
Be not dismayed though some fall away, or are indifferent,
or even should they oppose themselves. Through you, if
you are faithful, Christ will maintain His own cause. and
bring future good out of present evil, He allows tempta-
tion to come upon his people for the trial of their faith, and
patience, and love ; but He never sutlers anything to befit!
His church which will not, it it prove faithful. Ho turned
to its good. Let this church, amidst its present distress, bee
true to its Lord—hold fast the faith which it hasdreacned b
from the fathers—stand by the Bible as God's wbor
faith
the creeds as containing the ono unchangen 1
Christ, and a blessing shall be poured out upoann iittafromoon
high . It shall " lengthen its cords and stt left, and e eng
tb "
stakes,
e
burst forth on the right hand and on
n
yet, through the mighty power and iadwe tug of the Spirit
of God, become a praise upon earth.

The curious Orchid " Poristeria elata" of Pa-
nama, which is called the Dove plant, because the form of
a t:ove appears seated in the flower, is now exhibited by 11ir
Baiem qn, in bloom, in the west orchard house of the Royal
racresting spec,es,
Horticalla.ral Gardens at South Kensington. Of this re-
t—e flowers are produced
cellowish white wavy flowers, yielding a
imnaarklaobnlge
very peculiar fragranco. In the neighbourhood of Panama
saplaiakellof
it is known to the natives by the appellation of " el Spirito
Santo," from its resemblance to the dove; and in Roman
Catholic countries it is utuoh prized as a decoration for the
altar,