The Sun.
London, England, 1852-05-04 00:00:00

MEMBER RETURNED TO SERVE IN THIS PRESENT

PARLIAMENT.

County of Suffolk (Eastern Division)—Sir Fitzroy
Kelly, Knt., in tho room of Frederic Baron Rendlesham,
deceased.

aeMle been Tipglhle .anseesdE to
Lady
in sJsliourffi eEI
CambridgedS'
toS eherh PALACE,Ra
so
poiTnhtethDeuLcShaTde
in Waiting.
Commission by the Lord Lieutenant of Surrey.
The Honourable William John Monson to be Deputy
Lieutenant, April 3.
Commission by the Lord Lieutenant of Leicester.
Sir George Howland Beaumont, Bart., to be Deputy
Lieutenant, April 5.
Commissions by her Majesty's Lieutenant for Cornwall.
Thomas Sibbald, Rig., to be Deputy Lieutenant; John
Vowler, Esq., to be Deputy Lieutenant, April 24.
Duke of Cornwall's Rangers—John Pincher Trist,
Gent., to be Lieutenant, vice Call, promoted; the Hon.
William Henry Edgcurnbo, commonly called Viscount
Valletort, to be Second Lieutenant, vice Bennet, pro-
moted, April 24.
Commissioned by the Lord Lieutenant of Oxfordshire.
Queen's Own Regiment of Oxfordshire Yeomanry
Cavalry—Adjutant Lord Alfred Spencer Churchill to
be Captain by Brevet, April 27.
Commissioned by the Lord Lieutenant of Dorsetshire.
Queen's Own Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry—Mar-
wood Shuttlewerth Yeatman, Gent. to be Cornet, vice
Glyn, resigned, April 28.
Commission by the Lord-Lieutenant of Shropshire.
South Salopian Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry—
Cornet William Butler Lloyd to be Lieutenant, vice
Botfield, resigned.
Commissions by the Lord• Lieutenant of Yorkshire.
Yorkshire Hussar Regiment of Wesi Riding Yeomanry
Cavalry—Thomas Greenwood Teale to be Cornet,
April 19.
Ist West York Regiment of West Riding Yeomanry
Cavalry—Sir Thomas Edward Pilkington, Bart., to be
Captain, vice Preston, resigned; Cornet John Field
Wright to be Lieutenant, vice Boynton, resigned; Cor-
net Benjamin Heywood Brooksbank to be Lieutenant,
vice Ellison, 'deceased ; William Frederick Dickson to
be Cornet, vice Ellison, promoted, April 26.
Commission by the Lord Lieutenant of Lanarkshire.
Lanarkshire Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry—Robert
Logan, to be surgeon.
Commission by the Lord-Lieutenant of Suffolk.
East Suffolk Regiment of Militia—Hill Mussenden
Leather, Esq., to be Captain, vice Collett, resigned,
May 1.

BANKRUPTS.
Charles Ritchie, jeweller, Oxford-street, to surrender,
clay 13, at eleven. and June 10, at twelve, at the Court
of Bankruptcy.
street; Frasar, Dean-street, Soho.
Frank James Johnson, official assignee, Basinghall-
, iron founder, Walsall, Staffordshire,
May 18 and June 15, at half-past eleven, at tho Bir-
mingham District Court. Christie, official assignee,
Biliniegham; Duignan and Llemmant, Walsall; E. and
H. Wright, Birmingham.
John Eard, brewer, Uttoxetcr, Staffordshire, May 15,

and June 5, at half-past ten, at the BirLii eghana Dis-
trict Court. Whitmore, official assignee, Birmingham;
Daignan and Hemmant, Walsall; Wright, Birmingham.
Samuel B",niatns' jun., grocer, All Saints, Hereford-
shire, May 18 and June 15, at the Birmingham District
Court. Whitmore, of icial assignee, Birmingham ;
Prichard, Hereford; Bioxham, Birmingham.
James Thomas Woodhouse, scrivener, Leominster,
May 15 and June 5, at half-past ten, at the Birming-
ham Disirict Court. Whitmore, official assignee, Bir-
mingham; Motteram, Knight, and Emmet, Birmingham.
William Arthur Watson, builder, Whitf.cre' May 18,
and June 15, et half-past eleven, at the Birming-
ham District Court. Valpy, official assignee, Bir-
mingham; Dabbs, Atherstone; Hodgson, Birmingham.
INSOLVENT DEBTORS.
John Carver, licensed victualler, Liverpool.
Adam Dalgleish, supervisor, Manchester.
Lawrence Hartley, provision-shop keeper, Burnley-lane
Head, Lancashire.
J. Johnscn, journeyman lighterman, John-street,Water-
loo-road.
T. Lowe, watchmaker, Freeschool-street, Southwark.
W. Nortoa, wine merchant, Chadwell-street, St. John-
street-road.
J. L. White, journeyman baker, Saint Mary's Cray, Kent.
J. Walker, fishmonger, Upper Symons-street, Chelsea.
J. Shure, Carlton-square, Old Kent-road.
W. Nicholson, builder, Shotley-bridge, Durham.
R. Safes, grocer, Haverfordwest.
W. Joy, corn factor, Chatham, Kent.
J. L. Evans, Carmarthenshire.
W. Brown, farmer, Bristol.
J. Pollitt, licensed victualler, Over Darwen, Lancashire.
J. Wood, Deansgate, eating house keeper, Manchester.
C. Yeates, printer, Monmouth.
H. Bent, coal mastea, Westbromwich, Staffordshire.
W. C. Draper, boot manufacturer, Stone, Staffordshire.
C. Duckit, commercial traveller, Halifax, Yorkshire.
M. Humphrey, miner, Dowlais, near Merthyr Tydvil.
J. Helliwell, common brewer, Airfield, Yorkshire.
J. Priestley, butcher, Ovenden. Yorkshire.
J. Priestley, farmer, Ovenden, Yorkshire,
W. Sykes, mungo dealer, Dewsbury, Yorkshire.
J. S. Wood, dealer in oil, Kingston-upon-Hull.
J. Blacicett, blacksmith, Manchester.
Brazendale, brass founder, Liverpool.
Clare, joiner, Liverpool.
Crabtree, out of business, Burley Woodhead, Yorkshire.
Derbyshire, butcher, York.
A, Johnston, draper, Stroud, Gloucestershire.
T. Kelly, painter, Choriton-upon-Mefflock, Manchester.
J. Mellor, inn keeper, Halifax, Yorkshire.
G. Mason, fishmonger, Hoveden, Yorkseire.
I. Powell, out of business, Gloucester.
J. Whitworth, millwright, Leeds.
D. Smith, woolsorter, Rippondeu, Yorkshire.
G. T. Buckley, whitesmith, Middleton, Lancashire.
D. Leather, licensed victualler, Great Sankey, Lancashire.
J. Lord, machine maker, Hulme, Manchester.
A. North, farmer, Shelf, Yorkshire.

FRANCE.
The ball given by the Prince President at the
Tuilerie3 on Sa'urday was very brilliantly attended,
and the invitations having been more limited than on
the former occasions there was none of the incon-
venience from over-crowing which was then expe-
rienced. The dresses of the ladies were splendid, and
there Wag a fine display of diamonds. The members of
the diplomatic corps, a large number of senators, the
members of the Legislative Body, many of them wear-
ing for the first time the official costume, most of
the councillors of state, also in their official costume,
the high public functionaries, and nearly all the
general officers and colonels now in Paris, were pre-
sent. The number of foreigners of distinction who
had been honoured with invitations was considerable.
The Prince President, accompanied by about forty
persons of distinction, senators, deputies, council-
lors of state, ministers, generals, &c., walked
several times through the room?, and stopped fre-
quently to converse with persons who were known to
him. On his entering the room, the Prince was ac-
companied by Lady Cowley, with whom he opened
the ball. At about half- pe,t eleven the vast double
buffet for the ladies and gentlemen was thrown open,
and refreshments of every kind were supplied in
abundance. The dancing was kept up until after
day. light. The Prince slept at the Tuileries for the
first time since his assuming the reins of Government.
Lieutenant-Colonel Mouton, on half-pay from an
infantry regiment, who has been for some time con-
fined at St. Lo for political reasons, was last week
sent to Brest, under an escort of gendarmes, to be
transported to Algeria.
On Wednesday, the sth, being the 31st anniversary
of the death of the Emperor Napoleon at St. Helena,
a commemorative service will take place in the Church
of the Invalides, at which the Prince President of the
Republic, the members of the imperial family, and
the high functionaries of the Government and of the
army will be present:
The Patrie says—
" The President was present on Wednesday last at
the Dame aux Cametzas, at the Vaudeville. He has
since sent by Count Bacehiochi, his orderly officer, to
Mme. Roche, who plays the principal part, a magnifi-
cent bracelet set with diamonds and rubies. The even-
ing after ho was present at the performance of Madelon,
at the Opera Comique.

THE MARRIAGES, ,
BIRTHS AND DEATHS
______

IN ENGLAND.
The quarterly return of marriages, births, and deaths
was issued on Saturday. The general results of the
return are satisfactory; the marriages exceed the average
number, the births are above, the deaths are below the
average of the kingdom.

90,936 persons were married in the last quarter of the
year ending December 31st, 1851. In England the
greatest proportion of marriages is always celebrated in
the months of September, October, November, after
harvest; and the numbers in the last season not only ex-
ceeded the marriages in the previous quarters of 1851,
but those in the corresponding quarters of previous years.
Allowing for increase of population, the proportion of
marriages was slightly less than in the autumns of 1845
and 1850, but greater than in any other autumn since
1842. Ono in 58 of the persons living was married in
1851; or there was one marriage to every 117 persons
living. The marriages increased chiefly in London,
Cornwall, Gloucestershire, Virorcestershire, Warwick-
shire, Rutlandshire, Nottinghamshire, Lancashire,
and North Wales. They declined in the southern,
south midland, and eastern counties ; in Wiltshire and
Devonshire, Cumberland, Westmorland, and Mon-
mouthshire. The increase was most striking in Rei-
gate Croydon, Maidstone, East Ashford, Faversham,
Brighton,i Falmouth, Taunton Bristol, Gloucester,
Wolverhampton, irmingham, 'Derby, Preston, Hull,
Durham. The rßate of marriage was high, but sta-
tionary or slightly declining
Leeds, and Sheffield. ,in Liverpool, Manchester,
The births of 161,776 children, born alive, were re-
gistered in the months of January, February, and
March, 1852. The number greatly exceeds the average
of the season, which is generally the most prolific of the
year. So many births were never registered before in
the same time. London, the West Midland counties,
Yorkshire, and the northern counties exhibit the great-
est excess over their ordinary average.
As the births registered were 161,776, the deaths
106,682 an addition is made to the population in
three months of 55,094 persons. This is the natu-
ral increase. During the same period an army of
67,4;74 emigrants
saileds frum the ports of the
United Kingdom ich there aro Government
emigration officers; 51999 of them sailed from three
English ports-8,438 from London, 1,798 from Ply-
mouth, and 41,763, comprising an indefinite number of
the Irish people, from Liverpool. 1,399 emigrants sailed
from Glasgow and Greenock; 4,476 from Irish ports.
The average price of wheat during the three months
was 40s. 10d., or 4s. higher
- than it was in the last three
months off 18 51, when more wheat was sold. The quanti-
ties of wheat and
wheat flour entered for home con-
sumption at the chief
Ports of Great Britain rapidly di-
minished in the three last
periods from 91,040 to 47,986
and 27,540 quarters
~. weekly The
price of potatoes at
the waterside market, Southwark,
was 70s. a ton, and
ranged from 33. to 4s. a hundred weight. The average
price of mutton by the carcase ranged from 31d. to 52d.;
and has scarcely varied for nine
months. The price of
the inferior beef rose from 3d. to 3id. The average
price of Consols was 971.
of England The mortalityl,
ogland is highest in the winter
quarter. Notwithstanding the peouliarities of the
weather, the mortality in the past winter bas been
considerably below the average of the season.
The annual rate
of mortality in the winter
quarter of 1852
was 2.364 per cent., which is less by
0.111 than the mean
ten previous winters.an_nual rate of mortality in the
winters, after alloys- 1 population, there
To every 22 deaths in previous
"Ing for increase of .
were 21 deaths i
-11 the past winter, during which, as
Mr. Glaisher has shown .
meteorology, the temperature was 3 deg. above the
in his valuable account of the
perature 'VA
average.
The health of the districts comprising chiefly small
towns and country
average standard; the
was considerably above the
; the towns exhibited less improvement,
and lost a fourth part more of the population by death
than the country districts.
In London 14,592 deaths
.were registered in the three
months of January February, and March; 14,481 in the
thirteen weeks en cling March 27. Small-pox, scarlatina,
and hoopingscoueh -revailed to a considerable extent.
Influenza, bronchitis') and p
eas pneumonia were fatal to 40,
1,422, and 908 persons • wher; the deaths in the pre-
vious winter of 1851 from the same diseases were 205,
1,612, and 1,244. Consumption, on the other hand, was
more fatal in the two last than it was in the two previ-
ous winters. Scurvy and purpura were only fatal to
10 persons. 527 persons died in the thirteen weeks of
typhus. 62 women died of metric or puerperal fever, and
62 of other diseases incidental to child-bearing. 120
cases of erysipelas are recorded. Cancer is an example
of great regularity in the mortality some diseases cause;
in the five last winters the deaths from cancer were 222,
231, 213, 236, and 231. Deaths from diseases of the
nervous system remained very uniformly the same.
Diseases of the heart are returned in increasing
numbers; to that cause 425 deaths were referred
in 1848, and 603 in 1852. The increase is probably
duo to the advancement and diffusion of medical know-
ledge; for many of these deaths would in former years have
been referred to dropsy. Nephria, or Bright'a disease,
has increased from the same cause. One of the most sin-
gular facts in the return is the increase of deaths by car-
buncle; which from an average of about 2
intem-
perance, to 17 in
the quarter, 19 deaths were directly ascribed to
29 to delirium tremens, 12 to privation, 64 to
the want of breast milk, 4 to cold, 23 to poison, 88 to
burns and scalds, 76 to hanging and suffocation, 72 to 1
drowning, 161 to fractures and contusions, 35 to wounds,
and 11 to other violence.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.

HOUSE OF LORDS, May 3.
TRANSATLANTIC PACKET STATION.
Earl GRANVILLE rose to inquire whether it was the
intention of the Government to take any measure to re-
move the Transatlantic packet station from Liverpool to
any one of the southern or western purrs of Ireland?
Ho had given notice of this question the other day in
consequence of seeing an extract from a Dublin paper,
giving an account of a deputation which waited on the
Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland for the purpose of soliciting
a grant of public money for the purpose of improving
Galway harbour. The Lord-Lieutenant was reported
to have expressed a hope that the whole of the traffic
between this country and the United States might pass
through Ireland; but that he did not pledge himself to
anything, ae much must depend on the Chancellor of the
Exchequer; and that he would communicate with the
Government on the subject. The commission over which
ho (Earl Granville) presided collected a great mass of
evidence in respect to this matter, and, having anxiously
considered it, they came to the conclusion that it would
not be consistent with their duty to recommend the re-
moval el the Transatlantic packet station from Liver-
pool to one of the Irish ports. Now, he thought that it
was very natural that any one in the position of Lord-
Lieuteuant of Ireland should feel anxious to consider
any question likely to be of advantage to Ireland, and
which. its geographical position might seem to entitle it
to. On the other hand, it was not unlikely that the ac-
want in the newspaper to which he referred might not
be correct, for very tow persons in official life were ta-
awr.re that in the case of deputations, the person who
received them frequently found himself, on seeing
the account given of them, very much like the lion iu
the fable when he found himself represented by the
sculptor. As many false alarms might be excited by
any misapprehension on this sitl.3ect, ho thought the
matter of sufficient importance to justify him in asking
whether the hope expressed by the Lord-Lieutenant was
such as described in the report he had alluded to; if so,
whether the Government concurred in it, and whether
they intended to take any steps for the removal of the
Transatlantic packet station to any harbour in Ireland?
The Earl of DERBY said the Noble Lord had re-
ferred to the reports of deputations, and he might also
observe that such of their Lordships as had official ex-
perience well knew that they frequently received letters
reminding them of some promise given with respect to
an appointment, and on referring they found they had
promised to put the applicant down on the list, at the
same time telling him there were a great many before
him, bat that when it came to his turn his application
should be considered. This was construed into a posi-
tive promise; and ho could not help believing that there
had been, not from any wish to misrepresent, but from
an over sanguine view of the case, some misrepresenta-
tion in the present instance. In consequence of the
notice which had been given by the Noble Earl of the
question he had just put, the Lord-Lieutenant of Ire-
land wrote to him (Lord Derby), stating that ho saw to
his great surprise that what he had said had been consider-
ably misrepreeented, and that the Lord Mayor of Dublin
had called on him next day to express his great
regret at the misrepresentation. When he mentioned
the answer which the Lord-Lieutenant had given to
the deputation, he felt sure that their Lordships would
agree that it was just such a statement as the Lord-
Lieutenant ought to have made on the occasion. He
stated that he felt a deep interest in the welfare and
prosperity of Ireland, and that he was personally anxious
to see the whole trade, not of England only, but of all
Europe, pass through Ireland to America, hut that any
good wishes that he might entertain not only could not
obtain the establishment of a Transatlantic station in Ire-
land, but could not even obtain the granting of the re-
quest of the deputation for the building of a pier in
Galway harbour. That was the only answer the Lord-
Lieutenant gave, with the exception of an assurance
that be would transmit the representations of the &pa.
tation to the Government. In reference to the
question put by the Noble Earl, ho (Lord
Derby) replied that • Government had not seen
reason to come to any decision adveree to the
conclusion at which the commission referred to by the
Noble Earl had arrived, and, consequently, the Govern-
ment, as at present advised, had no intention of remov-
ing the Transatlantic packet station from Liverpool, and
establishing it in soy of the ports of Ireland. But, at
the same time, he must observe, that the subject was
open to inquiry, and there were many motives, more
especially the submarine telegraph between England
and Ireland, if it should be carried into effect, which
might render it desirable that such a packet station as
had been alluded to should be at some future time esta-
blished, and that every encouragement should be given
to the improvement of those splendid harbours, in which
the west coast of Ireland more especially abounded.
Nevertheless, he would not, on the part of the Govern-
ment, desire to hold out any expectation, at all events for
the present, that the Transatlantic packet station would
be established on the west coast of Ireland, or that any
preference was intended to be shown in favour of one
port over another, more especially as between the two
ports which had been prominently put forward, Lime-
rick and Galway.

The Marquis of CLANRICARDE was sorry that
the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland had not said as much as
he had been represented to have said. It was admitted
in the report of the Commission that, so far as commu-
nication was concerned, advantages would be gained by
the establishment of a Transatlantic packet station at
Galway, but that those advantages would not be com-
mensurate with the cost. The question, however, as to
whether the expense was worth the advantage to be
gained, was one which ought to be kept in sight both
by the Government of the United States and more par-
ticularly by the Government of this country. The re-
port of the Commission distinctly recommended Holy-
head as the point of departure and arrival for the mails.
When he was at the Post-office he considered that mat-
ter, and the recommendation of the Post-office autho-
rities, in which he joined, was that that part of the re-
port should be carried out. For this he had been
abused in Ireland, for when a public man fulfilled his
duty without regard to the country to which he owed a
great deal, he was considered unpatriotic; but he was
free to admit that the adoption of Holyhead for the
service of the mails would, in his opinion, have ulti-
mately led to the adoption of a port in Ireland, as it
would have led to an alteration in the system of naviga-
tion and communication. He hoped that the recom-
mendation of the report, which was adverse to the
adoption of a port in Ireland, would be reconsidered.
After a few words from the Earl of CAWDOR, which
were not distinctly heard in the gallery,
Lord MONTEAGLE said ho did not intend to reflect
on the zeal or impartiality of the Commission, but ho
thought that the inquiry was in one respect incomplete.
No douht, whatever might bo done in Ireland, manufac-
tures and goods for America would be sent out directly
from the most favourable trading port in this country;
and the question as respected Ireland, therefore, resolved
itself exclusively into one of postal communication,
re incta:
He thought the report of the Com-
mission he did not mean to sayhtthnaotta
tcoonasciderera.tion with
regard to
Pd
a ills
passenger
r fromtraifi traffic might
VritilainA extent,
be
possible benefits
and stationed
that might arise
from a windward port; and it. appeared from the evidence
had greatly underrated the
Post-office and passenger purposes,
of an eminent engineer that if a vessel were exclusively
at a windward port, the voyage from Ireland to Halifax,
might be made in 52- days.
Nova Scotia, He believed
built for Post-
that the whole postal communication of Northern Europe
with America would inevitably flow into this line. As
had been pointed out—one was Galway, and the other
a port on the Shannon. Ho hoped his Noble Friend
would institute a local investigation into the actual cir-
cumstances of these two ports, and in the meantime he
wauld take the liberty of moving that the memorials ad-
dressed to the Treasury on the whole of this subject be
laid on the table of the House.
Earl GRANVILLE supposed there would be no ob-
jection to the production of these memorials; and, after
they were laid on the table, perhaps the House could go
further into the subject.—(Bear, hear.)
Lord CAMPBELL said, their Lordships would per-
baps be surprised that he should rise to take part in
a debate of this kind; but, as ho had lately had the
honour thrust upon him of becoming an Irish pro-
-1 prietor—(g laugh)—and as he had been requested,
if an opportunity presented itself, to put in a good
word on this subject, and particularly in favour of the
port of Galway, he wished to make one or two obser-
vations. He was much afraid that nothing could be
expected to be done in this matter in favour
of Ireland or of Galway; but, as the Noble Lord
(Lord Derby) had told them that the completion of
the submarine telegraph might alter the state of affairs,
and as they had seen sudden revolutions on other sub-
jects of late years, it might be that they would expe-
rience a sudden revolution in this matter also.—(Hear,
hear.) He had been informed that the submarine tele-
graph would be almost immediately put in operation,
and then communications would take place between Lon-
don and Dublin in the course of a few seconds. When
that was once done, he hoped they would see the very
desirable object carried out of a packet station at Gal-
way.—(Hear, hear.) With reference to the condition of
property in that part of the country, he might mention
that he knew an estate which used to produce 3,0001.
a-year that for the last five years had not yielded enough
to pay the rates.

Th© motion for the production of the memorials was
then agreed to.
The Copyright Amendment Bill was read a third time
and passed.
Their Lordships then adjourned.

HOUSE OF COMMONS, May 3.
NEW ZEALAND.

Sir J. PAKINGTON rose to ask for leave to bring
in a Bill for granting a representative constitution to the
colony of New Zealand. When he first came into
office it was his intention, looking at the condition
of New Zealand, to move that the constitution to the
colony be suspended for a year longer, but after receiv-
ing repeated representations on the subject from persons
interested in the welfare of New Zealand, he at length,
with the concurrence of his colleagues, determined to
submit a new constitution for their approval. Though
a most interesting colony, it was one of the
most recently acquired dependencies of the British
Crown. The first advance of civilization in the colony
was made by those pioneers of civilization—the mission-
aries of the Established Church and of other religious
persuasions, in the year 1808. They were followed by en-
terprising merchants and Others lor the purposes of trade,
but the visits of these persons led to the commission of
crime in the colony. In 1832 a Bill passed the House
of Commons for the prevention of erime committed in
Now Zealand and other islands in the Pacific. Intercourse
with the colony continued to increase, and at length_ ae
consul was sent out, who was to assume th
Government es soon as ho obtained from the nativese_rtst
a cession of the colony to the Crown. In 1836 tshieofi
of
step was teke❑ to make New Zealand a
Great Britain, therefore only twelve yearTsPhblased:
since it became attached to this country: elapsed
of the colony had been retarded by various causes, and

among others by the rebellion of the natives in 1845. In
1816 Earl Grey gave the colony a representative insti-
tution, but in 1848, in conssquence of events which then
happened, it was suspended for a period of five years.
The five years expires on the Ist March, 1853, there-
fore it was absolutely necessary to do semati•dng in the
present session, because the Act of 1846 would of itself
come into operation next year. During the interval
the colony had progressed greatly, both as regarded the
population and the extent of commerce carried on. In
1848 the population was about 17,000; in the
present year it had increased to 26,000 or 27,000. The
value of goods exported was in 1848, 44,2151., and iu 1850,
115,4151. There had also been an incease in the reve-
nue of the colony—in 1848 it was 48,5891., and in 1845,
57,7421. Sir G. Grey, . the governor, in one of his dis-
patches, spoke highly of the intellectual superiority
of the natives, whom he considered might bo well in-
trusted with those privileges of self-government which
Earl Groy gave them in 1846, but which, under special
circumstances, were afterwards withheld. There were
three peculiarities which rendered New Zealand
distinct from any other of the British dependen-
cies,-Ist, the geographical situation of the
colony ; 2d, the mode of settlement adopted;
and, lastly, the high natural qualities and intellect of the
natives. The centre of the two islands was occupied by
lofty mountain ridges, which were unfit for cultivation,
and consequently all cultivation was confined to the
planes. Then in regard to the mode of settlement adopted;
the people did not, as in other colonies, congregate
around one centre, but took up their residences in
different parts of the island, and they were now
spread over a length of country of between 800 or
900 miles. As he had already stated, the character
of the natives was of a very high order. They
had been converted to Christianity, they were attached
to agriculture, fond of the sea, and made good sailors,
and they were ambitious to become skilled
in European arts and customs. They were great
adepts in warfare, and some were even better equipped
than our own regular troops. Some of the chiefs had
acquired considerable property by their industry, and
had several thousand pounds invested in the Govern-
ment funds. In arranging a local government for these
colonies there would be some difference of opinion, but
he apprehended no opposition to the proposition that
the right of separate government should be given
to the detached dependencies. There would, however, be
a difference of opinion as to whether these detached por-
tions should be dealt with as independent colonies, or
only as portions of a colony having a local government.
•of their own, but under a general federation, as in the
United States. The Government, after the best con.
sideration, thought that the dependency ought to be
treated as one colony, and that the detached portions
should be dealt with as small bin not as independent colo-
nies. In order to carry out this plan they would establish
local legislatures and a general legislature for governing
the whole. Earl Grey proposed, in 1846, to form five
different provinces. It was now the intention of the
Government to increase the number to six, viz., Welling-
' ton, New Plymouth, Auckland, Nelson, Canterbury, and
Natal. It was proposed to have a governing officer for
1 each province, called a superintendent, who should be
'appointed at a salary of 5001. by the Governor of the
colony, and not by the Colonial-office. Below the
superintendent there would be a legislative council.
It appeared to the Government that, looking to the small
population which existed in these districts, it was not
advisable that there should be two chambers, nor vas
it advisable that the ono chamber should be
composed principally of nominee members. That
system had already failed in New Zealand, and it
was therefore proposed that these provisional councils
should be wholly elective.--(Hear, hear.) Then came
the question of the franchise. And here, looking at
the ignorance which necessarily prevailed at this
distance from the colony upon its local affairs, it was
thought by the Government that there was no alterna-
tive open to them but to adopt the franchise recommended
by the Governor, Sir G. Grey, which was that every man
possessing a house worth 501., or occupying a
house in a town at 101. a year, or 5/. a year
in the county, should be entitled to vote.—
(Hear, hear.) The franchise should be enjoyed
alike by the native as the European, while the question
of payment to members would be left for the deovion of
the provincial councils themselves. It was proposed
by the Bill that on the first day of meeting those mem-
bers who resided ten miles beyond their respective
councils should be allowed a sum for expenses. But a
matter of this detail he thought it much better to leave
to themselves to settle, as they, of course, must be the
best judges of what is most conducive to their own in-
terests. He now came to a very important point in refe-
rence to the arrangement of the Provincial Councils—
namely, those subjects upon which it was proposed to
restrict them from legislating. He proposed 14 subjects
upon which the Provincial Coucils were to be prohibited
from legislating upon: and here again there was one very
important difference between the plan recommended by
the present Government and that of Lord Grey. But
he might observe that the plan of the present Govern-
ment was supported by Governor Grey. It was pro-
posed that they should not interfere by legislation with
Crown land; because the Government apprehended that
if they were to have that power in all probability tbere
would be one principle adopted by one of these councils,
and another by another. It was, therefore, deemed
much more desirable to leave this great question to be
dealt with by a higher and separate authority. Well,
then, these restrictions were to be as follow, viz.:—
First, they were not to legislate upon the imposition
or regulation of duties of customs. Second, they were
not to legislate in reference to the establishment ,of
any civil or criminal court, except for the purposes .of
trying offences now punishable by law in New Zealand.
Third, they were not to determine the extent of juris-
diction or course of proceeding in the Supreme Court.
Fourth, they were not to regulate the currency of coin
issued in the colony. Fifth, they were not to interfere
or determine the weights and measures. Sixth, they
were not to regulate the post office or the carriage of
letters. Seventh, they were not to legislate in reference
to the establishment of laws in cases of bankruptcy and
Insolvency.
.Eighth, they were not to interfere in refe-
rence to the erection of beacons and lighthouses. Ninth,
they were not to legislate in reference to the imposition
of duties and other charges upon ships. Tenth, they were
not to interfere for the regulation of marriages.
Eleventh, they were not to interfere by legislation in re-
ference to Crown lands, or lands in respect to which
the titles of the aborigines had not been determined.
Twelfth, they were not to interfere in respect to disabi-
lities or restrictions affecting persons of the native race,
to which Europeans were not subject. Thirteenth, they
were restricted from altering ,in any way the criminal
law of New Zealand. Fourteenth, they were not to
interfere for the regulation of the course of inheritance
in respect to real or personal property. He ought to ob-
serve that these restrictions were identical with what
were proposed by Lord Grey, and recommended
by Sir G. Grey, the governor, excepting that one
relating to the Crown hands. There was one other
point upon which the present Government ven-
tured to differ from Lord Grey—he meant the mode in
which the Acts passed by:the Provincial Legislatures of
the colony were to receive the Royal assent. It was
proposed by Lord Grey that the Acts passed by the
Provincial Legislatures should be ultimately sent to this
country for the assent of her Majesty—in fact, that they
should follow the course now adopted in regard to the
Acts of the other colonial Legislatures. But looking to
the number of restrictions which it was intended by the
Government measure to impose, and the limited power
of the Legislature, it seemed to the Government more
advisable that these matters should be at once settled
without the delay which the necessity of sending them
home for the assent of her Majesty would necessarily
occasion ; it was therefore proposed that the Governor-
in-Chief should have the power giving to these Acts the
final assent of her Majesty.—(Hear, hear.) But at the
same time be was disposed to think it would be better,
subject to general instructions in case of any special re-
quirement in respect to a particular Act, that it should
be referred home for the assent of the Crown.—(Hear.)
That, however, was a matter open for the consideration
of Parliament. With the permission of the House he
would now describe the way in which it was proposed to
constitute the Central Legislature. They proposed
that the Governor-in-Chief should of course be the
head of the central Government, and that the central
Legislature should consist of the Governor-in-Chief, of a
Legislative Council, and of a fairly chosen Assembly.
The first question of difficulty that presented itself was,
how tide Legislative Council was to be constituted. This
was the most important point upon which the present
Government had ventured to differ from Lord Grey in
reference to this measure. It was the intention of Lord
Grey that the Upper Chamber of the Central Legislature
should be an elective body; bat it was propoied to make
them elective in a very peculiar manner, for which they
had no precedent—namely, those of the Provincial
Legislatures should send three persons each, who were
to constitute themselves the Legislative Council of the
Government House of Legislature. He thought he
would be borne out in the fact when he said that there
was no precedent in her Majesty's dominions for an
elective Upper Chamber. Even in the provinces of Ca-
nada, where the power of self-government and the
freedom of British institutions had been carried fur-
ther than in any of the dependencies of the Crown, not
only was there not an elective Upper Chamber, but as
far asp ho knew there had never existed any desire to
have such. He believed he was correct in saying
it had been intimated to that province that
they might express their opinions upon the
question whether or not they would regard an elective
Upper Chamber as desirable, notwithstanding which
they had never shown any indication of such a wish.
There was one instance of such a proposition, but he
could not regard that as a precedent, because it was one
that was yet under consideration—he meant the
of
consti-
tution that was under consideration for the. Capethelate
Good Hope. For that proposed constitution
Government had decided in favour of anfelective
Chamber. The peculiarity, however, o
er Chamber
thapn lace Uppera
this—the franchise and elections for the
u.pp
were to be precisely the same as thoseforoattembLeoreweorf
h
Chamber, but the difference was
elected by certain elec-
s
this—the
the Lower Chamber were to
tore within the electoral districts; but
electedbut inreference
votes
ethe
f
the whole body under
Upper Chamber they were to
certain
this
point, that he had modifications. He was
bound to say, while upon_rom
the Cape of Good Hope
re-
ceived communications f
which led him to suppose that there were very consi-
derable objections in the colony to this mode of consti-
tuting the Upper Chamber, and that they viewed
that part of the measure with much apprehension.
In providing a constitution for New Zealand, he,
therefore, confessed he had no inclination of following
the precedent of that proposed for the Capo of Good
Hope; but the mode of electing the Upper Chamber as
recommended by Governor Grey was wholly different—
namely, by a double elective system. Those who were
already chosen as members of the Provincial Councils
should be authorised to elect the members of the Central
Chamber of Legislation. Ho would not pretend to say
that that was a good plan. In ame of this magnitude

and importance he confessed on his own part he did not
think that this was an experiment in which the Govern-
Went would be prepared to embark. They 'thought it
much better to follow the precedent which existed in
every other colony of the British Crown.—(Hear, hear.)
In respect to this Central Lc gislature looking to that
support, which the Governor would require from it, and
the importance which it must assume as the colony in."
creased in prosperity, the Government thought it much
better to follow the precedent of other colonies. The)",
therefore, proposed that the Upper Chamber should b©
as it was elsewhere, a nomicee Upper Chamber, corn"
posed of persons appointed by the Crown to hold tbeia'
offices during pleasure. They proposed that the dare
ici
tion of this Parliament of Central Legislation sh°lll
be five years. He had forgotten to mention,
in epeeking of the Provincial Legislatures, that
the Governor recommended that they should last ler
two years; but the present Government agreed with
Lord Grey, that this period would be much too sheer
and that it should rather be for four years. The Pro'
vincial Councils they proposed should not consist in all
case of less than nice members. The numbers of the
Upper Chamber of the Central Legislature they Pre-
posed should be at the discretion of the Governor, with
this understanding, that it should not be less than ten'
nor more than 15, Members. The Elective Assembly'
should not be less more 25 nor more than 40,
Members,
Tee acts of the Provincial Legislature must not be ai
gather dependent where the acts of the Central Legis-
lature overrode them. They then proposed that there
shall be a civil list reserve. Upon this point they ols
bl°
differed from Lord Grey. The House was proba/
aware that the present civil list was 30,000/. a Year;
They proposed to retain such a civil list. They did nob
propose to increase it; but they proposed to ab°_,liiB),,
some of the judges as altogetoer unnecessary, and ''
this means they would be enabled to provide salaries
for the superintendents of provinces without resorting
to the necessity of increasing the civil list:;
(Hear, (Hear, hear.) There was another important Poi
sanctioned by the Governor. They meant to reconemtat
that a sum of 7,0001. should be reserved for w"-
were called native purposes. Where the natives were
resident within the limits of thosesess provinceMembersth e
ofe
theta
same
ee e
rwEii
clarieLt,heoisrliegtbutreesf, dotingand
w,f,ouridthe
franchise as others; but the House was aware that there
was a vast number of intelligent natives who contributets
largely to the revenue by the consumption of ileportea
goods, and who would be obliged to contribute to the re;
venue in other ways, who would not at present baYead
voice in the representation. They, therefore, propes'4
that 7,0001. a year should be reserved for the benefit;
these native tribes, such money to be appropriated to Ihl-4
construction and maintenance of hospitals and of schnt
—for the payment, too, of resident masters—for t""
making of presents to native chiefs for services ten"
dered, and generally for other purposes tendiegL,
promote the prosperity and happiness of the patinarace.—(Hear, bear.) He trusted after what be
stated in respect to the progress of the natives
0-e
happiness and prosperity, and looking to the latb
consumption of the goods imported into the eelooY,
that there would be no objection offered to the 017Pr,,°d-
priatiou of this sum. On the contrary, he was disMo
to think that there would be evinced a dispesillo'
to increase the grant to a large amount. Tbere2,-.
another power proposed to be reserved to the '-'11,3r
tral Legislature, which Lord Grey proposed to On es
upon the provincial Legislatures—he meant the manta
went of the Crown lands. He (Sir J. rakingtOn)
g
not mean to interfere with the present system of dellaose
with the natives for their land; but after the par Ciro.
from the natives was effected, they proposed that all
be
raegements regarding those Crown lands ebotlis'ody,
placed in the nands of the general legislative belief
They proposed the adoption of this plan from the i b
ere,
that that body would be better able to deal Wit° t°roes
end knew be:ter what was for the interest of all Part
concerned, than the Provincial Legislature. The r"
must be well aware of the complicated nature of t""a, ea-
must
isting arrangements in regard to these lands• and
claims of the New Zealand Company, for instaneelssoe
the peculiar powers granted by Parliament to thltt-ct
by
elation. The Canterbury rights were guarsn'eLdesia
Act of Parliament, as well as the Now Zealsnd,,:sebe
These were matters which tended to complicate tg",tral
ject of land in the colony, and with which the.„.ueLuld
Legislature would be most competent to deal. la
not enter further upon this subject; but in respect ": is:-
measure, it was their intention to preserve
erri'-?tdea.
ing righte, and not to allow them to be ov
There only remained one more subject, which, hop's jje
he felt to be one of the greatest insportance• toe
thought that the House must feel, after the explaea,
he had given them, that in some respects they Inus'ost,
gard this constitution as an experiment. They the
at all events, look forward to the gradual increase 0
colony in population, and an advance in prosPrthig
They could not hope, in shadowing out a scheme 0'
ase.
kind, that such a system was to be looked at as a perwto
neat and final settlement of this difficult question, as
what manner the residents of a distant colony upon
tbd
other side of the globe could best govern themselves thue.,
conduct their own affairs.—(Hear, hear.) It was, te
eat°
fore, the intention of the Government to introduce t
the measure clauses to enable the legislature of.-OTo
Zealand to propose and enact such changes in their o
stitutions as they thought right.—(Hear, bear.)
09..
regarded the Provincial Legislatures, if, as the Pc,
lPes
tion increased, they preferred two Chambers to 00:(700ti.
them enact it—in the same way as regarded Lherclv t° all
tution of the Central Legislature, and in regadesaihes
the arrangements he had that day attempted t°
egisla-
they proposed that the colony, through their e-
esatteiss
tures, should have full power to deal with these Cootie
only stipulating, that in reference to any Of tb,ed be be
tut oval changes he had alluded to, none should be
COet the
sorted to without obtaining ultimately the consent
Crown. He had to thank the House for the Pn.d be
with which they had listened to his statement' arid. le
had only to hope that he had made himself intebok.
in sketching out the plan of a measure be eves thenla tot'
ing the leave of the House to introduce. Be v(011. sed
redeem the pledge he had given to those who seleaw
with some reason, that there ought to he no ftirther:;43,,
in carrying this measure forward. It remained. 'Zoo
for the House to decide, and ho would not shrintt
boldly putting forth this question—namely, wh.f':nd
after this explanation, this a measure which feirl, b 0
reasonably might be considered as coming witbrn„,,'
category of necessary measures to which her 340.07e0t
Government were pledged to confine for the Pre at
their legielation?—(Hear, hear.) He submitted :Rate
question fairly and frankly for the consideration oi,tbie
House. His own opinion was that it did come vii ene
such category. If, however, it should bo the judgeldilse
of the House that it did not, he would red
bow to that decision.—(Hear, hear.) But on one oAll
he wished particularly not to be misunderstood. ind
who take an interest in the colony should bear ie fore
that the alternative will be either of passing tibia ejeli to
with such amendments as the House might due' for
make in it, or of passing an Act for proloogil3fear,)
another year the existing state of affairs.---(fletrm' er of
He had received a strong protest from ,t 1 ent
gentlemen in New Zealand requesting the u°"---▪ int
to
—so great was their anxiety on the subject--ne,bei
delay the granting to the colony free institutions;
preyed preyed that even the Act of 1846 should be rev
iv
than that there should be any further det Joy
the passing of this measure. He however, matt o
frankly, that her Majesty's Government were• 1846
willing to consent to the revival of the Act were
under any circumstances. He thought that 'her!" be
serious objections to allowing the revival of tu t the
and he was sure that the House would feel Otiose-
Government was . the more justified. in °KJ-inlet:l
ing this opinion when they were fortified by the °tore
of Lord Grey himself who had introduced that u
Noble 'nerd te
of 1846. In a dispatch written by the Noe-e 1„„d
the governor shortly before he left office he ,„--0400„
pressed himself of that opinion. He ought ti,°„—toonlael
that the. Government did not intend that this hol;•
interfere with those municipal institutions riu"'ed a
been recommended by Lord Grey, and which forted, itt
part of the measure of 1846, although not inc'e, woo
that Act. They thought it moat desirable thalcomil
municipal institutions should be extended in thenoveriv
of New Zealand.—(llear.) On the part of the pro"
ment he had thus eudeavoured to do
his duty t'Jhtibi•
posing a measure which would confer upon tbe 11:00-
tants of the colony those institutions and rights_
they were naturally so anxious to obtair—alea2 /would
was sanguine enough to hope that the If eis:uru
not meet with any serious opposition. -- should„_
the bas
passed by the House it would only remain r g
cia be 1"e-
-express his gratitudo'for the honour they won which
fwiosutsl,dwbhe
conferring on him. He believed it was a measure
othheavfeoubnede
constitutional freedom which they had so long
ant inoant
naturally
agl
irye great advantages t aogf eespit ooytihevrieieib-eO-4;
in this their fatherland.—(Cheere.)
The SPEAKER having put the question,
Sir R. 13. INGLIS said , been
expectations that had
that the Right Hon. Gectle
man had fully met all the
bad
al
He (Sir R. H. Inglis) PP 0
subject. He
colony should be a miniatti A
raisedwayae uponon contended
d thise
d that
have every soot
bpi,
possessed in the mother countrYt
civil right they
the full
should have
England. The colonists -01 50-
eli-
above all, they
gious institutions. He would put it to the Bight
Gentleinaa whether he ought not to reserve a el'
co'
propor
tion of the fund raised by the revenue in the
lona, for the purpose of religion. In respect to I" mall
stitution of the Upper Chamber, it was a subject w-eeted
of consideration whether the members ought to be ow"
for life. who
Mr. GLADSTONE said he was one of OW of
urged upon the Government the proprieti to
confining themselves during the sent eeestrine-
the introduction of measures of the moat urger"' ~rec-
essity. He felt it no more than just cea thehtroe
sent occasion, then, to state that he thoug" fer•
Government had on done their duty in bringing
ward the present measure—(Bear hear)—notveithet thadt
ing the state of the Perliament and the great iestif
was to be shortly tried at home.--(Hear, hear')ittion
would be deeply grieved that the differences of cP
Pe en
existed among themselves in regard to the,Pe„en
cular kind of constitution which ought to conferrer' ut.:oo
New Zealand should stand in the way of conferrinsg ot,or
the colonists at once the benefit of free institution
9.,_40
his part, so desirous was be that no further delay. :48-
take place in the passing of such a measure as tleortiee
sent, he would be ready to lend the Right no.;,„„. Geri his
mart every assistance in his power in forwarding
Bill.— Hear hear.) Although there were many
sett
gone which at other times might be asked, he ,a rote
at the present time, on theh
sonably put was this—was the Bill before them,• t-
the only one that they couto
whole, a boon to the colonies, and such as it was._ve the
while for them to receive? Ho could not..e, e_ would
slightest hesitation in saying that it was, andrnee
another oPev
ying
the consideration of its details to
support the principle of it with all his heart, st_',,rtue
nity.—(Hesr, hear.) °bore
e rise, Mr, V. SMITH said he should offer but envfew no
nations on
the Bill, for he was taken by r
having expected that the- Right Holl.'Glentlealtill