The Sun.
London, England, 1864-08-06 00:00:00

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The Weather—Sun Office, Aug. 6, 1864.

THERMOMETER.
This day at Two o'clock 79

Barometer-30.03.
WIND —S.W. ; moderate breeze and fine,

HIGI WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tai DAY.—Morning, 4h. 15n.—Afternoon, 4h. 32m.
ro-scositow.-Morning, 4h. 50m.—Afternoon, sh. sm.

.
-?tt
it • 9-410-Y*o UIT

LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 6, 1864.

Mr. KNIGHTLEY, the other day, at Towcester,
just hit it—when he virtually defined Lord PALMER.
STON'S popularity as very much indeed the result of
an extraordinary run of luck. It was hardly cour-
teous, perhaps, to say as much as the hon. member
did say upon the matter in the presence and hear-
ing of the noble lord himself; But—regarded at its
worst—Mr. KNIGHTLEY'S explanation of that same
perennialphenomenon, Lord PALMERSTON'S Popu-
larity—amounted, after all, to no more than one of
those left-handed compliments called among our
neighbours a gaucherie. It was meant, of course,
by the hon. member, when so speaking, purely and
simply, as a bit of fun poked across the dessert
table beside which he was speaking, and before
'which t;As veteran Premier was seated, quietly ob-
servant and listening—a hit of fun poked by Mr.
KNIORTLEY at Lord PALMERSTON. Bat, for all
that, as it seems to us, it was so very near, indeed,
to the truth that it amounted to nothing less than
Es gaucherie. For these bantering remarks uttered
by the county member at a sort of careless slapdash
—lust as he himself, as a thoroughgoing foxhunter,
might fly across country in the whirl of one of
the best runs of the season—all these helter-
skelter observations of a laumorou,3 character
uttered by Mr. KNIGIITLEY, the other day, at
Towcester, 'were as outspoken as good plain truths,
could well be I They were to the effect
among other things—That scmcho a- or another
the public appeared to draw a certain
mystical line of demar kation between the
noble Premier end his colleagues in the Ad-
ministration ! That becan.,3 of this--when
ever the adrninistrasive kettle cf fish was nc4 to the
popular liking, the fault of its being 50 Was cep ,r
by any chance set down to the chef, but to one of
the scullions I That—if the little g arne of Minis.
ters might be defined as having recently been some-
thing very much like a game of 6inektN,rthing
--whenever in this little game it chanced
to come up heads, that went to the
credit of the Prime Minister—whenever tails,
that on the contrary went to the dis-credit of
the noble viscount's; colleagues in the Government.
According to Mr. KNIGHTLEY'S whimsical way of
putting it, the public at largo seemegA to be always

bent upon giving Lord PALMERSTON all the half-
pence, and his unfortunate colleagues all the
kicks. Never, in truth—there can be little
doubt of this at least in the matter—never, in
simplest truth, has England had installed in power
such a happy-go-lucky Prime Minister as Lord
PALMERSTON. What would be death, political
death, to another,
is simply fun to him. If his Mi-
nistry fails utterly, egregiously, notoriously, say in
ita projects of reform, or say again and yet again
in its diplomatic negotiations—What's the odds
(say a good many of the people out of doors and the
majority of the Commons in- doors)—What's the odds
so long as he (Lord PALMERSTON) is happy ? Re-
prehend Lord RUSSELL if you like, bat—Lord PAL.
MERSTON ! Three cheers—for him! Any number
of groans you please for his colleagues, but three
times three cheers for Lord PALMERSTON ! The
Veteran Premier's still vital Popularity outweighing,
in fact, the whole notorious unpopularity of all his
colleagues put together. Insomuch that—failure,
bungling, meddling and muddling, bounce and
meanness to the contrary notwithstanding—it has
been deliberately decided that Lord PALMERSTON
and his colleagues sh all hold office untrammelled and
untroubled for a good half year to come—all this,
purely and solely, thanks;to Lord PALMERSTON'S
run of luck. Yet, while the veteran Premier is going
just now the round of the provinces, receiv-
ing ovation after ovation—once in a way,
there does become audible through the popular
acclamations, certain sinister mutterings, as it
were, as of the voice of a coming NEMESIS !
Instance this—the Resolutions passed on Monday
evening by four hundred of the working men of
Bradford, in the Temperance-hall of that town..
Elsewhere, in our impression of this evening, those
same most significant Resolutions may be turned
to—and they are worth turning to—and examining
very carefully—by reason of their significance!

As the autumn advances, the prospects of the
harvest become the first consideration, and agricul-
tural meetings rise into some importance. At this
time of the year we generally hear a good deal of
eloquence on rural subjects, since we have already
entered upon those ideas which noble lords and
honourable gentlemen usually devote to the con-
ciliation and instruction of their constituents
and county neighbours. The speech of Lord
JOHN MANNERS at Market Harborough, on
Wednesday, was something more than a mere
routine address, since it contained a very im-
portant and practical suggestion. The meeting
over which the noble lord presided was the
annual assembly of the Leicestershire and Waltham
Agricultural Society, and was very largely attended.
The show was above the average, and of course re-
ceived the usual compliments from the chairman,
who proceeded to remark that the agriculturists
had not had much to complain of during the last
year except the very low price of wheat. Farmers
are proverbial for grumbling, and consequently do
not generally obtain much pity, and certainly they
are not likely to get much sympathy in a trouble
which is of so profitable a nature to other classes of
the community. Lord JOHN MANNERS, however,
took advantage of the circumstance to suggest to
his audience whether it would not be wise for the
future to depend less exclusively on wheat. He was
not long in showing them where such a crop could
be found, and pointed oat how manufacturing and
agricultural interests were both concerned in the
cultivation of flax. The state of the cotton market
daring the last few years has naturally given rise
to a considerable increase in the demand for wool
and flax. No Leicestershire farmer, remarked Lord
JOHN MANNERS, need be reminded of the increased
profit he has been receiving on his wool. But flax
has been little heeded,and the cultivation languishes,
although there is no reason to doubt that it would
thrive in this country, and although the demand for
it is constantly on the increase. An official report
has lately been issued on this subject, and the
gentleman who drew it up expresses a hope
that for the future every English farmer will
grow at least five acres of flax. We can hardly
expect so rapid an extension of the cultivation ; but
the facts brought forward by the noble lord at the
Leicestershire meeting are not easily to be set aside.
In the first place, with regard to the demand, it
appears from the Government report that there is a
great demand for flax linen goods not only in the
United Kingdom, but throughout 'Europe. "At
the present moment the flax manufacturers in France
are working day and night; the Irish linen manu-
facturers are crying out for more flax; upwards of
250,000 new spindles for flax machinery have been
ordered at Leeds and Bradford during the last few
months ; and there is amongst those who are con-
versant with the subject an apprehension of a flax
famine." So that there is, at all events, no ground
to fear that the demand is likely to decrease, and
since it is by no means confined to one locality it
does not follow that even the complete resuscitation
of the cotton trade would altogether supersede it.
So far as the present supply is concerned more than
one half of the raw material consumed in the United
Kingdom comes from abroad, and that half repre■
seats no less than six millions of money which
might, as Lord JOHN MANNERS very justly
said, be better employed in encouraging
the industry of our own people. The farmers
of Ireland, stimulated to increased exertion by the
increased demand, have within the last year added
61,000 acres to those already under flax cultivation.
And supposing the demand to go on even in a
moderate proportion, the stimulus thus given to
Irish industry will be great. It is by opening up
profitable channels for labour at home that we shall
best check that excessive tide of emigration which
is gradually depopulating the sister country, and
vie wed in this aspect the flax cultivation assumes
the highest importance. With regard to the pro-
fit the statistics leave nothing to be desired. Mr.
CIIORLEY, a practical farmer, who has for many

ye ars been trying the experiment (in England), has
p z,blished the results, and states that the lowest
ci.ear profit was £3 per acre, the highest £l5 10s.,
a ad the mean profit £9, so that there is, according
t) this gent!eman's practical experience, no reason

ti) doubt that the cultivation of flax would prove a
3 efficiently remunerative experiment to justify its
b eing made on a considerable scale. As we have

s aid, the experiment is one which ,unites the two
i nterests not usually supposed to be harmonious, and
vhile the agrioulturist finds his reward in a profit-
,. ble Employment of his land the manufacturer will

r o lonpr b© restrictel in his operations for lack

o f the raw material. But, in fact, much of that o:d

ntagonism has died out. It was impossible for

b oth town and country not to perceive that their
i; iterests were really identical when increased
k r.:owledge and general cultivation cleared away

sc ru Le obsDlete prejudices. Both are alike interested

in the material welfare of the country, and while
Liv.: 3 most ingenious and enterprising manufacturer

cvol:id assuredly come to a standstill without the
?hysit:al support supplied by the former, the latter
ra his tin n would soon feel the difference were he
t o he deprived of the thousand comforts and even

esvaries of civilised life provided for him by the

M ufacturer.

" I believe," said Lord JOHN

MA,24 NERS, in concluding his very sensible and

pra(tta ical address, " that there is not at the present
moDvi nt a manufacturing township in the north in

which the transcendant importance of a good har-
vest and of agricultural improvement is not fully
and cheerfully recognised.' It is well for all that
the agriculturists themselves are fully sensible of
the value of progress, and, although much remains
to be done, we may well feel gratified at the results
which have been attained within the last few

years.

Lord STANLEY'S remarks on commercial affairs
the other day at Liverpool are well worthy of at-
tention, since his observations include a wide range
of topics, which are of paramount interest and
grave importance. Oa India, in especial, he is an
excellent authority, and it has been a matter of
deep regret to those who studied the affairs of that
country that he was removed from a position which
he occupied with so much credit to himself and so
much benefit to others. The disappointment was
enhanced tenfold by the circumstance of his suc-
cessor being in every way so incompetent and un-
fitted for the onerous task assigned to him, Still,
though no longer in a responsible place, Lord
STANLEY has not ceased to occupy himself with all
that relates to the welfare and interest of our
Eastern possessions, and he speaks on such sub-
jects with a readiness and completeness that pro-
claim his competence to form an opinion. The
question of the Customs duties was considered,
because in the report a mention had been made con-
cerning them, and regret expressed that an increase
had taken place in them. Lord STANLEY remarked
that it was a difficult thing to decide upon ; but his
explanations as to the advisability of continuing
them for_the present seem unanswerable. It is
always very easy to find fault with any impost,
and to animadvert upon its unequal pressure
and its injurious effects, but it is by no means
so easy to say what will be a better impost,
or even to suggest a practical substitution for the
burden complained of. Those who are so eager to
put a Period to these taxes, do not seem to reflect
that something of the sort must be put in force for
the purpose Pf maintaining the government of the
place and supporting the revenue. As Lord STAN.
LEY truly observed " The millennium of no custom-
houses, and 20 per cent. off the property tax, was
so distant as not to be within the reach of political
prophecy," It is as well now azd then to contem•
plate the full scope of the demands and desires of
would-be reformers and political economists, be-
cause we can thus better estimate the improbability
of their schemes coming to pass, and the impracti-
cability of many of their projects which at first
sight seemed feasible enough. Lord STANLEY ex-
plained that one objection 'against the imposition of
these Customs duties was, that they gave more
protection to the native than to the English manu-
facturer. This, though true in theory, is not exactly
so in practice; becauss the greater advantages
which we possess, both in capital and skilled
labour, do away with the chief impediments in the
way of competition. His lordship declared it to be
his opinion that, prior to the abolition of these
duties, something should be done to remove the
Indian income tax. This notion is shared by a
good many competent to form an opinion on the
subject. When this tax was first introduced, it
was said that it was only imposed for a short
time, and though it is true that the same was ori-
ginally declared at the re-introduction in this coun-
try of the Income Tax, still it must be borne in mind
that it is very dangerous to make such experiments
in India as may be done here in all confidence and
security. It would be very unpropitious to do such
a thing as disappoint the expectations of those who
are looking forward with eagerness to the cessation
of an inconvenient and irksome tax, and certainly,
from every point of view this subject has prior
claims on our reg.rd, and ought most assuredly to
receive due attention in the proper quarter, when-
ever the fitting time shall come for its consideration.
The difficulty of dealing with the native merchants
and traders is very great, and that is another in.
ducement which may be added to those which urge
its cessation, no less for convenience than for
prudence. Lord STANLEY exactly explained the
hearings of the question when he informed his
hearers that these matters of discussion really de-
pended upon the maintenance of peace. This is,
indeed, the secret of success, and unless this deside-
ratum be achieved, it is vain to expect any advan-
tages to accrue, and idle to speculate upon the pro-
priety and expediency of this or that change taking
place. Lord STANLEY approves of the proposal for
reforming the courts of justice at Rangoon, and
with the extended views of one who looks beyond
the material demands of the immediate present,
he declares that he believes it to be a country
for which there is a very great future, and further
added that he "had long looked further to the time
when all that large territory, lying east of Calcutta,
should be constituted into a more independent Go-
vernment, and separate Lieutenant-Governor."
There is no doubt that if such a change were to
be effected the best results would follow, and many
non-disaffected and querulously-inclined would be-
come more amenable to authority, and more in-
clined to take a happier view of their position. Too
much cannot be done to conciliate and encourage
the inhabitants of a land who are often placed in
trying circumstances ; and it is certain that the
more elevated the aims, and the more extended
the objects of the rulers, the more successful will be
their policy and the more beneficial its results.

Ships of War Building for the Royal Navy.

There are at the present titn- e 36 vessels under construc-
tion at the various royal and private dockyards for the
British navy, many of which are in a very forward state
for launching. They consist of 4 iron screw-ships, 2 iron
cased screw-ships, 1 screw iron corvette, 1 double-screw
iron gun-boat, 1 double-screw iron and wood gun-boat, 6
screw frigates, 3 screw ships, 2 screw corvettes, 4 screw
sloops, 1 /addle despatch vessel, 5 screw gun vessels, and
6 screw gun-boats. The names of these ships, together
with the number of guns, horse-power, and tonnage, and
the place where building are as follow :
• IRON SIRE 11
Ships, Guns, H.-p. Tons. Port.
Agincourt
Bellerophon 14 .. 4,246 Chatham,
Lord Clyde 24 1,000 .. 4,067 .. Pembroke.
Northumberland 26 ..1,350 .. 6,621 .. htilißall.

IRON CASED SCREW-SHIPS.
Lord Warden,. 21 ..1,000 4,067 .. Chatham.
Royal Alfred ~ 35 .. 800 .. 4,045 .. Portsmouth.

IRON SCREW. CORVETTE.

Pallas
DOUBLE-SCREW IRON GUN•EOAT.

Viper . 2 .. 167 ..

737 .. Poplar.