The Sun.
London, England, 1852-04-23 00:00:00

NEW AIEVIBER

Sir FITZROY KKLLT took th- oaths and his 80E4
for Llarwich. The Hon. and Learned Gentleman was
introduced by Sir R. H. Inglis and Mr. Maiierman.
PRIV.A.I'E BILLS.

The following Bills were reed a third time and
passed:—
Aberdare Market and Slaughterhouses.
Dudley Waterworks.
E astern Counties and Newmarket and Chesterford Railway
C mp snies.
Glamford Briggs Waterworks.
Great Southern and Western Railway (Ireland).
Kelvin B-idge (Glasgow) and other Works.
Lockwood anu Meltham Road.
Norfidk Railway.
Retford ant Lirtleborougli Road.
South Essex Estuary and Reclamation.
Stockton and Darlingtot. Railway.
Sunderland Waterworks.
the Rowsey, B..,ughton, Srockbridze, and Wallop
It,ada Bed, and the York and N orth Midland and East
and West Yorkshire Junction Railways Bill were con•
sidered and agreed to.

PETITIONS.
Mr. EVANS presented a petition in favour of the re-
tention of the Crystal Palace.
Mr. J. WILLIAMS presented a petition from Mac-
clofield ti) the same effect.
Mr. MUN CZ preserved a petition from the congrega-
tion of 6 . moues. Birmingham, praying for the re-
peal of the taxes on knowledge.
Mr. J. ELLIS preheated a similar petition from
Leicester.
Sir G. CLERK presented a petition from Sheffield,
praying fur the repeal of the Mayismoth grant.
Mr. EWAR r presented a petition from Bedford to
the same t-tfect.
Mr. BERNAL presented a petition from Rochester
and Chl,nsre ,g,iinst the Militia Bill.
Mr. HEY WOOD p-eseiit4 d a petition from Burnley,
praying for the rep.,,lot the taxes on knowledge.
Mr. A. STAFFORD presented a petition, praying for
repeal of the attorneys' certificate duty from the attorneys
praciaiing in North N.,rthamptonshire.
Lord PALMERS TON presented a petition against
the Militia Bill; also petition from Gla,g,w,
of the expulsion of certain missionaries from Hun-
gary, and praying the House to take the mutter into its
unmeitiwe considerati•in.
Mr. PARKER presented a petition from Sheffield
against the Militia Bill.
.vir. CHRIS TOPHER presented a petition from Bur-
ton on-Humeer, pray in; for an extended jurisdiction of
County Courts.
Mr. COWAN presented sev.ral petitions from Scot-
land against the Maynooth grant.
Lord DUNCAN presented two petitions from Bath,
one praying for the repeal of all taxes on knowledge,
and the other against the Maynoo h grant.
Mr. GEACH presented a petition from a place in
W"wiek.hlre against the enrolment of the militia.
Sir W. JOLLIFFE presented several petitions from
Cumberland, praying fur an amendment of the highway
laws.

Mr. HUIIE presented a petition from Suffolk against
the malt tax; also :several petitions from the metropo-
litan districts its tavour of the retention of the Cr)stal
Pal-tee.
Mr. PETO presented several petitions from Norwich
against the enrolment of the
Mr. G. BE3KELEY presented a petition from Chel-
tenham against the Alaynuott grant.
Mr. SLANEY presented sev,tal petitions from
various a ,operative sucietlas in favour of the iudustria►l
Partnerships Bill.

Sir D. DUNDA.S presented a petition from Suther-
landstiire agatost the Maynooth grant.
Sir B. HA.I.L presented a pectiiuo from Mtrylabone
praying for the r.-peal of all taxes on knowledge.
Mr. COBDEN pr.•a.uted a peti.ion ti the same effect
from the M snehester A. heufeutn.

Mr. EwAfir presented a atmilar petition from a
local

Mr: %1. GIBSON presented similar petitions from the
metropolitan papers and certain 1004 bodies.
mrurix BILL.
Sir DE LACY EVAN' wisheo to know if Govern.
ment intended to prozeed with this Bill to-morrow?
Mr. WALPOLE replied in the stfirm,itiv,,..
THE CMS I'AL PALACE.
Mr. HEYWOOD said he had a mutton on the paper
for the 29 h inst. relative to the ri trotion of the Crystai
P.dacc, but a mo ion on the subject of the duration of
Parliament stood hetore him, and he should be glad to
know if the Hon. Member for Lambeth, who had charge
of it, would consttnt to postpone it.
Mr. D'EYNCOURT said the subject of his motion
was of as much importince as the Crystal Palace,
but looking at the peculiar position in which the
latter que•tion stood h,. w told reropy give way.
NEW ZEALAND.
Sir W. MOLES 0:II iii would b i glad to know
when Government in.eeded to bring in their Bill ii,r
conferring a constitution upon New Z aland ?
Sir J. PAKINGTON s,,id hi 4 should move a resolu-
tion ror he purpo,e nex, Monday week.
THE CLERGY IN CANADA.
Lord JOHN HUS-sELL wished to know if her Ma-
jesty's Govere..rient hail Key intention of bringing in a
Bill to exceed the provisions of the Clergy 11,servits
Canada Ac'.
•

Sir J. PALING CON said Government had no inten-
ti,,n of bringing in any Bill Nigher that Act this 5, scion.
FXPULSION OF CLERGYMEN FROM AUSTRIA.
Mr. AN:"TEY would be glai t . know is Goveroment
hart any ohj.ciion to Lty the corrkspondence which had
taken place on this bubjeet with Austria before the
house.

Tao CHANCELLOR, of the EXCHEQUER said
there wuul i be no übj etion when Eke nego,t4ituns now
pending in the En met w,ro brought toe dose.

TAXES O KNOWLEDGE.

Mr. MILNEE G-IIISON hriught under the notice of
the House the policy of driving rev.-sue from taxes
up in knowledge, for the purpose of moving, in separate
resolutions—,hat such financial arrangements ought to
be made as would enable Parliament to dispense with the
duty on paper; that the newspaper scamp ought to be
abolished; and that the tax on advertisements ought to be
' repealed. The Honourable M. mber said that on
bringing forward a motion fur the repeal of any
portion of taxation an independ'nt Member
laboured under considi rable difficulty, inasmuch
as it might be considered that he was
yi. )ding t ) a clamour out of doors agains paying any
taxation. He admitted there were persons who wore
rather indiactiminatieg in the course they took with re.
gard to the repeal of taxes, but he for one had avoidod
supporting auy motion for the repeal of taxes without
having satisfied himself of the gr 'our's on which it pro
carded. He hoped, therefore, that he might be unerditterriettitvit;ds.
as bringing for ward his motionori grouuds of public pulley
and in reference to the character of a tax and its effect's
on the morals of the nation, rathaellsthtoanettichoeuinfftT,
in increasing the price of the article taxed.
another difficulty which he bad
were sometimes told, after the financialtoer sttia,tehemirt.eungTt
thhhearyd-
itbewcoauuside
w beenard (flea d motion''' that
ifto r wouldthe be
repeal itri p
r
gweemreeniktostnethimadea tLoldtathili:
andthe then
be improper to propose such a
imution until the thceofimnpalenteeidal;
been presenter) to the House. Between
tahtaetseemt 'X
viewshad
tptohsestib, le to fix upon a proper
time for subcatonit,tii,
tnegr eaclPtrhuaP ° 4 i 1
taiioitut,,ebuotuh4
eht Co be given to the general
'or. the. r, duction of taxa-
tion, for the purpose of ascertaini'nggiliwu3ha:
,rnor wanner.
question of t.ae-
instances tax .tton
the p mak
less oppressive
ape, might riot be levied in a better and
He wik.hed to be understood as
not representing any particular intk rest, neither that of
the newspaper proprietor, nor the
publisher of cheap producions; theretere, it' he were
told that certain apermakers, newspaper proprietors,
or publishers repwe opos-d to the repeal of these taxeson the ground of p
vi-st,d interest, that would be no
answer to the motion. Neither could he permit this to
be treated as a ptrty question. When his proposal was
submitted to Parliament, two years ago, it was cup-
ported by gentlemen of all political views. It was
supported by no less than tour distinguished
members of her Msjesty'a present Government. His
first motion had reference to the repeal of the paper
duties. Ile did not propose asking Members to agree
to a large reduction of taxation, end he had put his
motions
separately in order that Members might, on
supporting one, not necessarily pl. dge theirksols,s to
the principle of the others. With regard to
the first motion, he only asked the House
to agree to the recommendations of the resolutions
which had been passed by one of its own Committees
in 1834, when the revenue of the country was in a
much less satisfactory state. That Committee resolved
that the duty on paper, in °lnjunction with the other
two duties ought, on coolad l as well
the
sagenizsatl commer-
cialpossible
grounds, be rep
dupes:-,i(ileitr, kw) lIIS EllOtical wito iimply I ,
.

!het the duty on piper euent net to be gentile*" 59
pert of our permeneut*syse.lll of texatein The Excise
regulations coutiected with the manufacture of paper
were in at oripaesAve end vi x repels; yr t thee"
v.iore not
sufficient to protect the honest Lit emu. the fraudulent
manufacturer. Notwitestending the precautions of the
Exutae, it was a notorious Viet that lug. quantities of
paper were sold which had never paid duty, and they came
in competition with the goods ot the fair and honest
trailer who was subject to taxation. The county
of
Buckinghamshire, wnich was represented by the Right
Hon. Gentle-roan the Chancellor of the Exchequer, was
admirably adapted fur the manufacture ref Paper'
but most of the paper-milli in it were noW
shut up in con-equ nee of the injurious
tendency of the Excise duties, which created
a kind of congestii.n of (re
t .1 end threw the bugler:is
almost ano ,rely into the hands ot great capitalials•
would read en 'crime Preen e a ire r addiesierl to the
Ch eicellor of the Exeriev er, and written by a gentle-
man well entitled to speak on such a subjecta-eneWe''
p
Mr. Ingram, the proprietor of the Illustrated
"1 yesterday aid me belt thn. honour to forward for
your acceptaace a copy of the Illustrated London .:Vews;
of which I am the proprietor, taut I might under
your notice a copy of your pertreit eagroaed.. for ,„
j inreital —(Leuttiater ) I now take the liberty of sf„
dressing you upon a Reject tif national importance, 6
'eating not Oily the trade and the literature of the coun-
try in general, but the werliare of the agricultural Pops..
heron in many districts, and especibliy in Buckinghara;
shire and Ileraerdshire. The subject I allude to is 1"..r
of the Excise duty upon piper, with the whole effect
which I um particularly accpaiuted. not only as a newn'
paper preprieror, but be an extensive manufacturer end
a.
consumer of paper. Your lug and honourable n7O
nexlen *toe literature, and the high p wbieh )
in b, leeving that
now ticeapy in the ciameils of her Majesty, justify tuII
toou will do me the honour to Jiste
'.ne facts which I proceed to lay before you, in expla-
nation r.tation of the practical injuries it Meted by this imra()ibed
injuries which were, I ant certain, never conteinP"'
nee
as possible w hen the tax was first levied. Ile, is
scarcelyw exit!. n re ou that, when paper is rave,
theit that I"
;PatPeartltnu3tintru%Ect:ieriesr" n6aut'alraillyl'dvricieds utphenntsliPeerw'igg;
the visits of the
may be as light as possible when he is favoured wass
Excise fficer; and that after it t't d
been so dried. and paid the duty, it must be vteis
again bee:are it can be used in the printitig•offiee., a, at.
Peq":aildi quality double process or drying and wetting, besides being'
rteatlildyeddalawybagevserthy reoleflethexe pleanpseerf;oranlda,bofr::urer,
ae„reeve
involves an additweal asst in subjecting it to Pre°- r.
that the article may recover the glossy and smooth bate
face it has loan Now, I have found expelitnt
y r
trial, that paper can be manufactured in a fit sta;:h
the printer, with a beautifully smooth surface, ;"-iiheet
would not be impaired printing and drying, ah`.,-eucli
pr feting upon such paper c• uld be carried t° —eed
higher perfection as eti art, both for letter-Pressd re.
eugravulgs, thew can be attained by paper dried an ad
wetted according to the present practice. The dalliP/I-b-
-of such paper would be scarcely per cetble to the "lucid
but weuld require for such paper as the "East" or
London News is printed upon a weight of steel:elf /
water amounting to no lets than 131 b. per ream" to
were to u-e such paper in my business I should baY„
ia,
pay all Excise tax upon wa er of nu less than is' I' sle.
per ream, in addition to a tax of the same rate O'llner
on the paper itself. Now, I consume twenty tons 01 P;or
par week, or 1,040 tons and upwards per an°, nee
a fact which I state that you may see at g'aaggy
what an enormous sum I should have to pay as Perigea.
for using the improved paper, which I could mall'and
cure by the aid of a little water. I bra quite willing -133 i
prepared to inform all printers and pepermekers of la
experiment, and its reaults, which could be imeaeclin''
adopted with much benefit to all concerned, provided WI;
could obtain a removal of the Exeise rat y• 1".3°1-0
other inmumerable objections to the impost, which e. tos
practical man I could point out, I may be peruafttear
remind you that it involv• s o itieteerabie trouble endesge
pence in the collectton, both to the. manufacturer an ad
the Cuetun.hottae, and prevents books from being pfilid',
where they ought to be printed, namely, at the lasr.t 0
mill itself. Were it not for the operation of the E• 053,
duty I could print at my paper-mill educational book;
Bibles. Testaments, &c., and, indeed, every descriPttt
of books, at the cost of the ink added simply to tins
of the paper, a fact which, ci h others equally
1
portant. I think I could sa iafacterily prove to yoiu ~
you wotud grant me the honour of an interview.
must, Sir, in your youth, have wandered along 1--
beautiful streams of Beckitighamshire, and listened to
the ouey sound of the water wheel,tearing to P
:ecesbalue
otherwise useless article, to manufacture it into - el"
paper; and it must have given you pleasure to fain°
that this gave healthful, pleasant, and remunerating 7/110:
ploy went to great numbers of the rural populanc,c,
Most of the Buckinghamshire mills have, I grieve
remind you, been Bee pr, away under the uperat.s:t
of the Excise duty, end transferred to barren nit..
populous coal districts, leaving the population of Big re
ingharnsbire unemployed, and to a great extent peaPeio
13. d. I have no hesitation in saying that, if the Elicto
ditty upon paper were abolished, these mills wool"
ei~pla,
again prosperous and empty lerge numbers of
Nor is this the only evil result of the tax upon agricced
rural districts. One artic'e, straw, which is pratli,liirg,
by the farmer, is no sootier employed in piper mu :t.
for which it is well adapted, than it is tt.xedon
300 per ''
I need not dwell at further length upon such a positile
injury to agriculture as that is.' f
the
He d it could be proved that three-fifths o 14,
value of paper consisted in the labour of men, vier ;Ur
and children; and coritiderieg that, the agriculture _
tric:s were precisely the localities best adapted,r?.:,
their water power and the purity of their sirearassio;
the paper manufacture, be contended that be had. nu.
claim to submit this motion to the consideration w.os'a.e.. •
rlamen opposite, nas an egricultural tatieliatidouat
(Clear.) With regard to Ireland, he had au,,, boo
whatever that the re peal of the Excise duty won't, t ‘,l
a most ben. fi.0..1 effect producing the employment i•
labour. The Excise due) necessitated a much larger
ace.
tal than would otherwise be required for teecornine,"
went of a paper tnauulecory ; and therefore !I as
country which wet; so pressed down by difficultlet to
Ireland, arid where there was a deficiency of cernita_.„og
carry on various breeches of industry, it was iropoit`o%.,
that a manufacture so valuable in respect to the efDP: „Jo
anent of labour as the paper maeutaeture shoulna':o
longer be shaekled by thin Exci-e duty; especially tov,r:ol
it was borne minii that the Irish portion of the '1%4
raised was very small; for the effect of the duty was 'le,
to a great t•
so much to reduce revenue as to prohibit
tent the manufacture fromwhich it was desired to derive
revereue.— (Hear.) Ile had a very
shert extract
letter written by a gentlemen Ireland upon ibisfrom ques
don, and he maid— t sna
constant employment 'As a manufeciurer I give
oa
full wages to 300 individual..., all of this locality—most
them iestructed by tassel."—(this gentleman wrote frota
tbe
Dripsey-mill, near Lurk)—.'a
nlco
I I am told
by
Bore
clergymen or the parish, both testatit and en
Catholic (for I eel., the friendship ot both), that Ilte`ii
more than twice that rumber out of the wet khouse.
di vote my time and attention to my business, with the
exception only of one day in the week, the best portion
"
wnich is gtven to niuy OUties as pour• law guarditin ,
thus union.
Thus showing the imporance of the repeal of the Wear
duty as an industrial clue:Alum, and there could be oi
reason why this country should not manufacture p3Pe
for the whole world —(Elear, bear.) tve might be egr
porters of paper as we were of cotta, goods, if by °s
foolish duty we did not actually cause the Americans to
come into this coutery to buy up cotton waste and !s'
fuse of rope- for the express purpose of manufactufl
paper uud eending it to eupply our own colotdea. Ted
was a system that did nOt supply re venue, but it dePrifi-d.
this country of a valuable Inatlfteture, and revers
the employment of labour, and the improvement of t
moral and physical character of the people. Us boa
touched upon those points with regard to the question t
revenue, but at the present time he, held that tbe >a°s
important vi. w of
that peculiarly
questa),belong.' d -
to it, and did not apply to any other question of ure •
t(i)r taxation, was the effect on the literati('
)13.
of this duty
f the country. It
—0 must ask the favour of the '-`l,e
Gentlemen opp.rsite, if they condescended to go into
qu• stion, and also those who sat on his own side of the
House, riot to make use of th t that had beeli:
argumen oea'
as it were, a ,stop argument in opposition to a prop
_a
fur the repeal of tee paper duty. It was said the duty
.o'h_
paper entered to so small an extent into the relative
price of books, that the urchiaser of books would
and the late Chao:
not feel the effect of the rePpeal.
F, .x blaule bad both
eellorof the Exchequer and
quoted the example of _
used that argument(' and /1"(1
M'Culloch'e Commercial Dictionary. That book,
it
said, weighed 4io,
anti sold fur 505., u
anidonthtehaptapbeook
rd tvi)
being only per lb.,
amounted
reduction of 6d. in the
6d. only ; and what would be
50a. ? He hadonly to 55/
price of a book that bold for
•_e
in answer to that statement that it had no reference is
upon the question.—(Hear.)
the position he rue
the , „no
raria not
position was the effect o pap dory,
eOP
winks that sold for 505., but upon a ch
exp' nsive t sold at •theirs Et low price, and
Popular literature this
lat°n"
derived from au e •
turn of which was • naive circu
That was the species of literature he was toucbiFb
,
hut Lyon if he were to allude to the otnerer
he
upon ;
should like to know if a reduction in the price ef books
be of no value to the purchaser of books ? What
was to
was the meanieg of their having repealed the duty on
,
Bibles and Pre; er books, but b• cause they wished a
increase the circulation of those sacred volumes' elle
they knew that the Excise duty on paper had to fc:°7
extent the effect of preveniieg the circulation of tiles e:
That view of the question which be was urging Na; ere'
not et all met by the argument about 10-1-,,r ;304'
loch's Dictionary, and he asked as a pereonal lef°""d
that upon this occasion, at least, it should be om►tte
though he knew it had b, en used as an official arc,:
went when the repeal of the paper duty bad been Pr,i;
p used. He would poqit out what appeared to be really
the injurious effect of the paper dut upon cheap 11,1,570
ture. It was riot ilia,. it tweed its price, but it Celtic ".
&mei:strata(' melhenia'ically that it deteriorated its quse
lity—(Hear)—that it stood in the way of improving „g
quality of that literature that might be circulated am
the people, end which that House had a deep Public les
tetest in taking every step in their power to render
~s;
moral and improving as possible. They had cheer-Jll:0e
they wanted goodness. They bad their penny Pubs es
timr; what stood in the way of making them es go_ohl
they could be midi ?—the paper duty; and ho woo
they could be in rd ?—the paper duty; and ho
peioY •
expedu how thee operated. Take the case of a Pevlbo
publueitioe, and he wou d untie free] Mr. Caasellre,eug
was ex • usivel, engaged in the publication of excels
the
works, calculated to improve the great body tia,
People. One of those works was entitled—and in'.,
rhtirlad—the Popular Educator. That gentlemen t exeo
need something little abort of WO/. per week, P'_id
rins,
the Government in hard cash, for circulating
his Peublr'
publications. The duty on the paper used in those p
A
ca.ions toil away that 1001. per week. If it were repeal
the publication. would "tall issued—the price
am Eye piduceci—it was loci eacnigtz fom a llea- • - -a •

culation—but he would not put that 100/. into his own
pocket; competition would force him to it eut in
the improvement of those publisatiens, and he weuld
expend it in a higher order ot authorship and batter
li-
terary talent than he was able to employ at present. It
was a monstrous thing that. to issu: penny publications
in this country—such a putilica'ion as the Popular Edu-
cator, or the Working Man's Friend—a man should be
called upon to hand over week by week to the Geyer's-
nient 401. or 501., the fund out of which authorship
would be paid. A man who did not care what he pub-
lished, and who only looked to cheapness and issuing
translations from French novels, and a variety of met-
tle that appesled to the passions, fir the purpose of a
large circulation, might copy whet he warted from other
works, and the paper duty which he paid did not stand
in the way of his penny publications, because he did not
want arty fund out of which to pay authorship; but if
they wished to meet that q lesion in the market as to
circulating those pubhcationa• which were as bad as
they were cheap, they must create a fatal out of which
authorship should be p lid, and a higher order o flite-
raryt talent should be employed. He bad received a le-
ter from a gentleman who he was sure the Horse would
C.
would
admit was a high authority on this subject—Mr.
Knight. It was dived from Fleet-street, the
April, 1852 He bad published one or two e_xucelwarentb
19th of
ypettahe. phlets on the question of .he paperdo y, k
name of .. The Struggles of a Book against Taxation,"
and also the case of authors in reference to the paper
• • duty, and he said:—
"It is difficult te add anything new to the arguments
which have been urged in the House of Conienout and
by other modes for the sholition of the piper duty. A
few points have struck me in addition to what I have
written on the subject. Amid tench which is injerious or
frivolous in cheap publications, I think there is a manifest
tendency towards the moral and intellectual improve-
. • meat of the general character of our popular lit rature.
The conductors of period.° it works almost exclusively
addressed to the working classes, as they are termed,
appear to me to have commenced ceasing to think that it
• is necessary to write down to their readers. As a natu
• ral cons, quence of this tendency, writers of information
and ability are more needed, perhaps more employed.
But this tendency is couriteraetsd by the paper-duty. I
will explain myself as briefly as I can. It 250/. be given
for the authorship of a large wave volume, it op-rates
• aa a charge of 5.. per copy if 1,000 copies be printed,
and the boo k must be high priced; but if 10,000 be
printed, the authorship only enters into price at the
rate of 6d. per copy, and the book may bra low-pric"d.
But the paper-duty upon- such a volume amounts to 6d.
per copy, whether 1,000 or 10 000 be printed; and it
10,000 be printed, amounts to as much as the author-
ship. Reduce the payment of 'authorship, and the
value "of the book is injured; take away the paper
duty, and you neither lower the quality nor limit
the sate of the book. There is, then, a fund for
the. better remuneration of that labour which is
to raise the quality and extend the sale, and thus ad
vanes the great end of allpepular literature—the diffu-
sion of knowledge and the elevation of the moral and
religious character of a peeple. But it is said that the
repeal of the paper-tax would only operate as a b)nus to
• publishers, without lowering the price of books to the
public. I believe that the ordinary effects of competition
Would determine this doubt very satisfactorily. It is
possible that there might be no direct lowering of price
in many cares of low-priced books, but I am sure that
there would be an improvement of quality. The number
of printed pages sold for ls. might be the same as now,
but there would be better paper, better type. aid, what
is more important, improved authorship. Publishers of
very cheap books would look for something to publish
having a copyright value, instead of bad translations and
. hackneyed reprints. Beyond this, large undertakings,
Of wbfch we have very few now, would have a greater
encouragement were the paper-duty repealed, for the
Price of voluminous works could be directly lowered and
their sale consequently increa•-ed. I will give an ex-
II have determin+ d to bring our, a PPR? Caches. din-
the Imperial—tourithA noon the Penny Cyclopedia It
Will form 20 volumes. I' I print 5 000 copies, the. taxed
Spur would cost 12 0001., of which the actual duty
'Would amount to 2 250/., end the direct and indi-
.i rect. additions to cost, cons+ quent noon the duty, would,
as I believe, double the tax. Lacking at ,he operation
Of the cost of paper alone, I teethd reduce the price of
the book 5 per cent. to the subscribers it the tax were
removed; but, taking into consideration the fact that I
could then print 1,000 copies at the price at which I
could ' stereotype the 20 volumes (which proceis is
paper),
employed to save the °lnky of capital in tested
ltlx1r), I could reduce the price 10 per cent. The effects
air
such a tax upon prices are not to be measured by its
• oot amount. For exampl ,it may be said that the
drawback of duty upon exported books allows the fo-
reigners to be charged as low a price as if the paper
were Untaxed. This ia really not the case. The draw-
' ..tick Only represents the positive tax, and not the in
tatted Price consequent upon the tax Assume that I
• e:L11..:ell 500 copies of my Cyclopcedia to an American
I:—"lber at 5/. per copy, the taxed paper costing me
r'2oo/•, I obtain a drawbrck of 2251, which reduces the
e": of the 500 copies to 2,2751, at which rate they were
227/
vnled. The American tariff of 10 per cent, adds
0
2 So' t° the importer's ou lay, making a total of
sides;ll,l3t.'i But if I could buy my paper untaxed, I con-
might red_ save, in various ways, 450/., so that I
tariff wnitld'" theprice to 4/. 2s. per copy, to which the
247/.14 pkadd 2051 The importer woule therefore say,'
would. r "at advantage to the importer of 10 per cent.
one
~013 oihably d.tuble my sale in the Uneed States.
amount "I'°11 of the advantage would he the d minish, d
of t.
teenTh ex which be would pay to his own uovern •
ecßultr e direct tax and its collateral ffects, in one
jet tbY Produce similar effects in another country, rais-
asarkee Price to the consumer, and thus narrowing the
bat
et of the producer. The chief argument which I
;ruder,
iy urged for the repeal of the psper-duty •
the tax bears most um Teeny upon the lower-
tly,sr
ePublications, as compared with the higher-priced,
orthth refore interferes injuriously with the education
'deuce P"Ple• Upon the wholesale price of a sierneern
i. it is lt per -cent. Upon Mr. Dickeue's Househd
2ord. it is 12 per cent. ; it is 22. per cent. upee the
.
4'gctrterbi Review; it is 17 per eau'. upon Chambers 's
efts for the People. Look at the inequality as r gross
pre4*o latter examples of periodical works, addressed
ffsrent classes of the community. 1.000 copies of
4/ 14 ohnsber ot the Review, sold for 65., pay a duty of
-
pe 1,000 copies of one unbound volume of the
Vert, sold for Bd, pay a duty ot 31 6.. I, here were
141 ad valor
em duty 45 p. ru r cent. upon all printed blte
or.'"uu copies of the Review would pay 151., and 1.000
estimated
of the Papers would pay 1/. 13s. 41. It is
t--"lflated that the annual sales ot all books and
oodical works, not newspapers, amount, at
St retail price, to 2,000,000/. An ad valorem
p 4141) of 5 per cent. would raise as much as the
iper duty upon printed books, and would operate less
41e)nriously. Capital would not be locked up in tax, for
:lump would be demanded as the demand for copies
4'l" oni and the manufacturer's and stationer's profit
.139,11 the tax would be got rid of. The pubic would then
knowledge,
understand that a tax upon paper is a tax upon
and would nut be cl..ceived into a belief that
because it enters into the price of a 12s. volume to the
extent only of 63. its removal would nut benefit the
great and increasing body of bosk purchasers. Such a
mode of levying a tax up•in literature would be more ob-
-I?.o.ions than the papsr duty though less harmful; but
there would be justice in the prisciple instead of gross
...elnequality of the existing law."
rln-teebought that made it clear that if they were sincere
1 htr desire to spread education, they ought to evince
thata e,mesincerity by taking off this
paper duty. It was not
umers' or trade question, it was a moral and
im-
portant notional question. It
the people to r • was monstrous to teach
all they ennui etau if they did not at the same time do
were likeiy to
.s.,°_ium.prove the quality of the books they
cations was so v'gr'„ e, and the dh wand for peony publt.
some kind or otitalarulthe'appetite for knowledge of
the extensive transeiet-55 so strongly evinced by
that branch of business I°etrat men engaged in
of
fey must nut suppose
there would not be au
kind of cheap literatintrewiteesite circulation of some
Other. That was no longer
matter of doubt—
aolfzarter of certainty, aud,
therefore,- every wellwisher thereal interest of the
Country must desire that the quality of that literature
erseese was circulated) asheouhldad bdeealt: good as it could be
eats, the paper duty
rendered.—(Llear.
because they had andoriginated
at the same time with the advertisems
tbetwhespaaapweer
stamp duties,
to
tinte,had been put on together, and he should
a year, th duty
take them -off together. He admittfil that gladthee
et against the moral improveMeanth oaf
Papekemounting to about 800,000/.
on
entail suin to be s
the peoplei was too large a sum fur him to ask the Rouge--
to repeal. The resoludons in regard to the advertise.
meet and stamp duties called ueon him to apply for
en
4.Ltaraedians repeal; but the resolution as to the paper
was
only called upon them to give their opinion that it
as not fit to be continued as a permanent tax. lie had
'great suspicion that the paper duty, under the spa.
leut disguise of raising money for carrying on the war,
was part of a system for the
purpose of restrain.
g ;literand epites
dut. a re e • IS down the press. Those
he
„All's' 'being enacted in the same year,
mold not help thinking that perhaps the same
di:`4Ve that had actuated Parliament as to the paper
4.t/- had actuated them in enacting the advertisement
LLttaistarap duties Now, the advertisement duty
year. uteri to 150,0001, or, if they pleased, 160 0001., a
the Was that a large sum to be frightened at when
ene3r. talked of repealing duties, considering how large a
14'as-revenue they had, and considering that this tax
fay dvertiaements struck, as he believed, more than
WI 44 that existed at the very revenue they proposed
tketn -ass by is ?—(Elear, hear.) A tax 11D013 adver-
tehmtite!--that no man migbt say what be wished and
tsebsn'lcet:tranieet to be known in the way of bush ess
eerd . lons in print and in a newspaper, but he must be
t►bees. Gil. Gil. each time he did so. It was, he said, impose
teeee'T. conceive a more stupid tax. If he wanted a
11107,7 r3asseeing the public revenue be would suggest a
4144% hick lessened transactions between met, and the
ether of making their mutual wants known to each
tee...t Which lessened, in fact, trade, consumption, ern-
ther,estneend revenue; and he would undertake to say
Isebe,"_ they repealed this advertisement duty, they
(Ntt'gr.isevt know it in their next year's revenue.--
ithyshi) Bat. if that were true, could there be conceived
atri vallig, more unjust than to say to a peter servant
kake j? railtsd la place, " You want a place—if you
*Sin, goosen to the world by the only means that
Ceie o'f°Oktisust be fined ls. 63. each time?" Take the
°iles merchants' transactions connected with
rats tbetvcry kind. Could anything be more obvious
viti'L.Pruventiog the knowledge of what was going
of Mt tee
'''esc mode of preventing the improvement
Thereeelnaleroial transactions and of the public revenue?
sil, I%v eethin
, b tun- g-one man wanted to sell but another
tliclil°l",' theye nd wanting to buy it; and, it they were
_lll w.nis k_. would not stand in the way of those mu-
B4,O,oidebiu,,eing Mule known; tbe difficulties that were
%Num Were great enoneh Look at the United
1444 447:16.6.4148tw• They bad Acs,ooo 000 of advertises
'416176P42.441 414 yeir. • la. Ficiglikd there