The Sun.
London, England, 1852-04-09 00:00:00

EVENING, APRIL 9, 1852,

Let that be well understood. For my part, Ido not un-
derstand granting a
,pardon to reactionists, which they
merit so little. This time, as in faet it always was, ge-
neroldty would be a folly. I knew no hatred—that sen-
timent was forced into my heart, and I shall be as im-
placable in that hatred as I was fervent in love. It would
be too convenient for those gentlemen if they could
gratify their passions at their leisure, and should after-
wards appeal to the good feeling of the people. Prudence
is the mother of security, says the wisdom of nations,
and revenge is prudence. . . . As for you, I again
congratulate you on having rendered glory to the noble
martyrs of Thermidor---cur immortal masters. In Lon-
don we do not forget any of the great dates of the revo-
lution, and we are about to celebrate the 10th ot August
by a banquet. Believe, my friend, in all my sympathy,
and receive my fraternal salute."
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, APRIL 8.
Central of France (Orleans and Vierzon), 22%—Laxem-
bonrg, 47/s—Namur and Liege, 7—Northem ot France, 23
and Rouen, 30—Rouen and Havre, 12—
—Orleans and Bordeaux, 145/sParia and Lyons, 11—Paris
Sambre and Meuse,
4%s—Tours and Nantes, 111/4—Western of France, 7%.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS
CITY, TWO O'CLoCK.
This being Good Friday is a strict holiday at the
Bank of England and other pablic offices, the subscrip-
tion•rooms and similar places of resort are closed.
The Cotton market continues dull.
The supply of produce has been limited this week and
prices have undergone no alteration of importance,
though many articles, including coffee, tea, rice, and
cocoa, have been somewhat cheaper. Cotton has been
dull, and cochineal and dye stuffs have rather tended
upwards. The markets closed this afternoon for the
Easter holidays and will re-open next Wednesday.
The transactions in bills of exchange were of
yesterday afternoon, as customary the day preceding
Good Friday, and the rates were fully supported, being
25 55 to 571 on Paris, 12 14 to Q. on Amsterdam,
13 11* to 111 on llamburgh, and on Trieste 12 50 to 55
for 90 days' paper.
A very interesting letter has been addressed to Mr.
Thomas Baring on the effects of the Californian and
Australian gold discoveries by a merchant well known
here, Mr. Frederick Scheer. After going into the ques-
tion, Mr. Scheer sums up thus:—
" A hasty recapitulation of the foregoing suggestions
may facilitate the inferences to be drawn from them.
The large amount of new treasure admits of no dispute
(II.); but we must not form our judgment on this single
fact nor on the experiences of former times (III.)
Abundance of money does not necessarily constitute a
hgher range of prices (IV.), the purchasing powers of
the precious metals seem to stand in no direct relation
to their cost of production (V.), and these metals
are but a small and indefinite part of the groat
mass of circulating medium (VI.) Even if prece-
dent were to be our guide the records of former times
are obscure (VII.), their correctness and the inferences
drawn from them may be fairly questioned (VIII.), and
analogy is not to be trusted when in our days very ano-
malous fluctuations of prices have run counter to popular
opinion or theoretical deductions (IX.). Altered cir-
cumstances, though they do not militate against the
ordinary principles regulating demand and supply (X.),
exhibit society under altogether new aspects (XL). Pro-
duction, as it proceeds in modern times, is stimulated
by demand into a kind of self-propagating power, fur-
nishing progressively more abundant and cheaper sup-
plies, not only of articles of manufacture (XII.), but of
raw produce and food, by improvement and extension
of culture (XIII.). Even the general and considerable
increase of consumption in England beyond the nume-
rical growth of tho people has been accompanied by
larger supplies and lower prices (XIV.) India and
China add new producers and theretoro new purchasers
of the precious metals to those that are considered to
constitute the civilised world (XV.) Finally, the in-
herent worth of these metals, which is indestructibility
(XVI.), and their use and waste in various ways
(XVII.), must have considerable weight in this inquiry."
Messrs. Schrceder and Mummy's Circular, dated New
Orleans, March 13, and published by Mr. James Irvine,
of Liverpool gives the following particulars of the state
of the Cotton district:—" In our Circular of the 28th
ult., we noticed continued activity in our Cotton market,
at firm rates. The demand since then has again been
good; the transactions, however, less extensive, in con-
sequence of extravagant pretensions on the part of
factors. Within the last few days freights have mate-
rially improved, and there being some difficulty in secur-
ing engagements readily, the market now is rather lan-
guid, and prices to Ic. lower for some grades from
the highest point during the fortnight. The sales
amounted to 52,100 bales during the first, and 40,209
bales during this veeek, against 106,000 bales, receipts
during the same time. All our streams being navigable
now, the arrivals have been large, as might have been
expected; this circumstance, we find, is made the pretext
to large crop estimates, which we cannot endorse. On
the contrary we consider them premature, and only cal-
culated to mislead the opinion of those interested in the
trade. Our latest accounts from Liverpool are to the
28th February. We quote—ordinary to good ordinary,
el to 63,,-; low middling, 7/ to 7i-; middling, 7i to 71;
good middling, 8; middling fair, 8* to 8i; fair, 811 to Bi.
Sales during the 2 weeks, 92,300 bales, Receipts at this
port, 971,385 bales, against 744,809 bales last year.
Increase of receipts at all ports, 268,793 bales. In-
crease of total exports to Great Britain, 129,264 bales.
Increase of total exports to France 36,460 bales, and to
other Foreign ports 1,319, against last year."

MARKET NEWS.--(THIS DAY.)
SMITHFIELD.

As is invariably the case on a Good Friday, the sup-
ply of beasts on offer in to-day's market was limited ;
nevertheless, the demand for all kinds was in a very
depresied state, at barely stationary prices. The num-
ber of sheep was small. Primo Downs were in moderate
request, at full prices. Otherwise, the mutton trade
was heavy, but no decline took place in the quotations.
We were fairly supplied with lambs, the general quality
of which was good. The private qualities sold at late
rates. Dorset and other kinds were a slow sale. Calves
and pigs wore in short supply, and heavy inquiry, at
almost nominal currencies. In milch cows, next to
nothing was doing.
Per albs. to sink the offal.
e. d. to s. d. S. & to S. d
Lai eller 80a5t5..... 2 2 2 4 Inferior Sheep 2 6 2 8
4econd quality •• •• 2 6 210 Second qual. Sheep 210 3 4
Prime large Oxen •• 3 0 3 2 Coarse-woolledditto3 6 3 8
Prime Scots •• •• •• 3 2 3 4 Southdown Wether 310 4 2
Large ooarse Calves 3 0 3 3 Ditto out of the wool 0 0 0 0
Prime small ditto •• 310 4 2 Large Hogs •••• •• 2 6 3 6
Suckling Calves ..19 0 24 0 Small Porkers •• 3 8 310
Lambs . •• 4 8 6 0 Quarter old Pigs ••16 0 19 0
TOTAL SUPPLY AT MARKET.
Sheep, I Calves. I Pigs.
I 6,900 110 I 200
YOREIGN SUPPLY.
I iheep. I Calves. I Pigs.
230 48

Beasts.
509

B ?Ftsts.
113

NEWOILT2I AND LEADENELLILL.
The supplies being large, the general demand ruled
heavy, at barely stationary prices.
At per stone uy the Carcase.
a. d, to s. d. 1 s. d. to 8. d
Beef, Inferior.. •• 110 2 2 Mutton, Inferior .. 2 4 2 6
-----middling .... 2 4 2 6 ......._middung.• 2 8 3 0
- primelarge .. 2 6 2 8 -- prime ••• • 3 2 3 4
- prime small .. 210 3 0 F0rk,1arge........ 2 4 210
Veld.. "•••• • • 3 0 4 0 small •• •• •• 3 0 3
Lamb. 4s 6,1 4* 58 81.

"PLEASURE GROUNDS" ON KENNINGTON

CONIMON.
There is a Bill in the House of Commons (yesterday
printed) to empower the Commissioners of her Majesty's
Works and Public Buildings to enclose and lay out Kee.
nington-common as " pleasure-grounds" for the recrea-
tion of the public. The Bill was brought forward by
Lord John Manners and the Marquis of Chandos. The
Prince of Wales, in right of his Duchy of Cornwall, is
seised of the manor of Kennington, in the parish of
Lambeth :—" And whereas, the said pieces or parcels of
land are now open and uninclosed, and it has been re-
p., s‘nted to her Majesty by the Council of his said Royal
Highness that it would tend greatly to the comfort and
benefit of the inhabitants of the district in the neigh-
bourhood of the said common if the same were enclosed
and laid out as pleasure-grounds for the recreation and
enjoyment of the inhabitants of the said district, and
others resorting thereto, subject to such regulations as
may be necessary for preventing nuisances and improper
practices therein, and for that purpose, that the Commis-
sioners of her Majesty's Works and Public Buildings
have caused a map or plan of the said intended improve-
ments to be made," There are eleven clauses in the
Bill, embodying the spirit of the preamble. It is pro-
vided that the map or plan, after having been authenti-
cated in duplim.te by the signature of the Speaker of the
House of Commons, shall be deposited in the office of
the Commissioners, and in the office of the Duchy of
Cornwall, and the map or plan so deposited shall remain
at the said offices, to the end that all persons may at all
Bea unable times have liberty to inspect and peruse the
game at their will and pleasure, paying the sum of ls. for
every such inspection. The Commissioners are to be
empowered to purchase the toll-house, and the Commis-
sioners may accept subscriptions for the purpose of lay-
ing out and improving the enclosure fcr the recreation of
the public. The common is to revert to the Duchy of
Cornwall, if not maintained as pleasure-grouuds for the
recreation of the public.

ROYAL ASYLUM OF ST. ANN'S SocIETY.—A ge-
neral court of the governors of this charity was held yes-
terday afternoon at the London Tavern, Bishopsgate-street.
The report of the committee had taken into consideration
the cases of the orphans who were left destitute in conse
quence of the destruction of the Amazon, and also of the
orphan family of Mr. Cumming, lata surgeon at Buxton,
and had resolved to propose the admission one child in each
case into the asylum. It was also proposed to assimilate
the mode of conducting the elections to that practised in the
London Orphan and the London Infant Asylums. On the
motion of Mr. Bernard, and seconded by Mr. Eagleton, it
was unanimously resolved, that John Blake, son of the late
steward of the Amazon, and henry Cumming, one of the
seven children of the late Mr. Cumming, should be admitted
into the asylum without being balloted for. Mr. Chaffers
proposed, and Mr. Eagleton seconded the following resolu-
tion :—" That the rules of the charity be altered so that in
future every subscriber, instead of voting for each of thir-
teen candidates, will only have one vote f,,r each guinea
subscribed for one candidate." The court was then adjourned
till Saturday.

SEAMEN'S HOSPITAL SOClETY.—Yesterday, a
quarterly court of governors was held at the office, No. 74,
King William-street, City, Mr. John Labouchere, treasurer
of the society, in the chair. The lion. Captain F. Maude,
R.N., John Wild, Esq., Captains Dixon, Farrer, Probyn,
and Madden were among the governors present. The re-
port of the committee for the last quarter stated, that
within that period 700 in-patients had been admitted, and
338 out-patients had received medical treatment; of the
former twelve were from her Majesty's ships, and 528 from
British and foreign merchant vessels. The number dis-
charged amounted to 585, and 107 now remained in the
hospital. The financial account for the past three months
showed the receipts, including former balance of 550/. 14s.
3d., donations and subscriptions, 6071. 19s. 9d., dividends,
630/., to be 1,9571. 7s. sd. ; expenditure, 1,2871. 12s. 9d. .
leaving a balance in hand of 669/. 14e. Bd. The Duke of.
Northumberland, who, it was announced, had consented to
accept the office, was elected president of the institution
been
o'of
the room of I.,rd Melville, deceased. The report h I,n
been adopted, the proceedings terminated with avin°
thanks to the chairman.

THE BRITISH COLONlES.—Yesterday a Nfurn, ob-
tained by Sir W. Blolesworth, was printed extending to 85
n ges containing an account of the value of the exports
'anda imports from and to each colony of Great Britain in
each of the five latest years for which the same could be
made up, and the quantities and declared value of British_
and Irish produce and manufactures, and the quantities
foreign and colonial produce exported from the united
ua
kingdom to each colony, from 1846 to 1850. 'acre lin,
mats of figures in the return, showing the quantitiesva_ue
_,, ported and exported. In 1846, the total deciaredrt
all from British and Irish produce and manufactures
the United Kingdom to the British colonies,,,teEtP:deP cies was 17.3t5,2201.; in. 1817, 15,919,':1T-1-d, in 1850,
13,611,483/. ;in 1649, 16,507,7141. enden-
-19,432,559/. The quantities oitot,e3a2l"xibP._;..i.s.4Gia; 2,917,0331 b.
in in the last five years, were 2, exported to the iciollo1n8i4e8;,
in 1847 ; 1,914,3461 b. in 108; 2,456,1"11)
2,84,4341 b, iti 1850.

TO THE ELECTORS OF 'TIE CITY GP
NORWICH.
(-)inerley ton Hall, April 6, 1852,
Gentlemoi,—l have bad the hon Air to raieivo, through
the 11.layor, a copy of the resolutions passed at a reemt
meeting of the Liberal members of the town-council of
the city of Norwich.
I am also informed by the same authority that meet-
ings of the Liberal electors of the city will be shortly
held, to consider the subject of your future represen-
tation.

I therefore think it is due to your intelliger co to at
once place fully before you my sentiments on the leading
questions now demanding general attention, and I bee'
your kind indulg, nen if I be not coin) so concise as I
readily might be under circumstances not requiring so
detailed an exposition of views.
I have now had the gratification of representing you
for five years. Though conscious of inability to dis-
charge the trust with conspicuous credit, I venture to
assert with confidence that my attendance in Parliament
has been assiduous, and that my votes have been in ac-
cordance with the principles on which I sought your
suffrages in 1847. On no occasion since that time Las
any important question of practical reform been sub-
mitted to the Legislature that I have not been, as was
my duty, at my post, and I am proud to know that I
have thereby secured a continuance of the confidence with
which you originally honoured me. So much for the
past;—now for the topics which immediately challenge
our contemplation.
The first, the paramount one—is, shall this country
in its commercial legislation be progressive or retro-
grade? That is the issue upon which all men now
await the judgment of the people. Of the character of
the verdict I have no doubt. But as it is possible that
the expression of that verdict may be thwarted or per-
verted by a Government hostile to popular instincts, it
becomes essential to understand, if possible, how a policy
confessedly the most advantageous can be pursued by
those who have hitherto denounced it as most pernicious.
I am as freely disposed as any person to recognise the
doctrine " Measures, not men." But the present is a
moment when the working value of measures must be
estimated by the character of those who administer them.
It was the certainty of free trade and the cause of re-
form generally being safe in the hands of the late Go-
vernment that rendered the country and its representa-
tivei comparatively indifferent to the rapid advancement
of numerous reforms much needed; and it is the well-
founded distrust of those now in office that creates the
natural fear that not only will commercial progress find
no favour among them, but that a backward policy
will be attempted. And how can it be otherwise
if we accept the repeated and recent declarations of
the Ministry, on the hustings and in Parliament,
that free trade is and must continue to be hurtful
to every great interest of the empire? From free trade
and cheap sugar the Colonial Secretary deduces the
ruin of our West Indian dependencies. The East Indian
Minister tells the electors of Stamford that free trade in
shipping has paralysed England's right arm—the navy.
In the House of Commons he repeats the assertion,
though refuted by the experience of the most competent
authorities from all parts of the kingdom, and he im-
plies that he has some plan for virtually restoring the
old state of things, though the First Minister uncocdi-
tioaaily admits that the navigation-laws are for ever
abolished. The President of the Board of Trade dis-
cerns otherwise undiscoverable social evils, including
Australian and Californian gold, in unrestricted imports.
The Irish Attorney-General connects the calamity of
economic justice with the misery of a cheap loaf, and
laments both as a subversion of the constitution. While
the Chancellor of the Exchequer contends that to save
corn, sugar, and shipping, his budget is indispensable.
Its meaning, probably, nobody will know till the coming
appeal to the country shall be decided. At present,
however, we may assume that it can not be free trade.
It is for you and the electors of Ragland to say if it shall
, be the reverse of free trade.
Six years we have been living under a free trade
regime, and with what result? George the Second's
reign is usually referred to as an auspicious era hi
British annals, and was one of long peace and plenteous-
ness. But it bore no comparison to the present, at least
as regards the materiel interests of the population.
Whatever be thought of other sections of the State, it is
admitted on all hands that never before did industrial
labour produce so great a command of substantial com-
forts. Prices have fallen, on the average, 20 to 40 per
cent., while wages have scarcely declined; in many in-
stances they have greatly advanced, owing to the in-
creased employment which abundance of food never fails
to occasion. If it were not that this abundance could
be proved by unquestionable data, its vastness would be
quite beyond belief. Exclusive of almost countless
supplies of consumable articles of nearly every de-
scription under the modern tariff, our imports
of corn, flour, and meal have averaged upwards cf
ten million quarters per annum. This it is that as-
sures a " bold peasantry." This it is that is really make
ing them " their country's pride." At the same time
almost any large borough may be selected at random, as
showing a corresponding improvement in the urban
population. For instance, in the capital of the Midlands,
Birmingham, last year 1,329 new houses or manufacto-
ries were erected—almost double the number of any pre-
ceding year, and entirely by the smaller class of trades-
people. Pauperism had fallen off by four-fifths; while
the artisans alone had invested in freehold land societies
70,0001. Similar prosperity is recorded of Manchester,
Leeds, and other hives of skilled labour.
Ascending to the next grade in the social scale, the
capitalist class, similar proofs abound. If our imports
of grain have been large, our exports of manufactures
have been larger still, exceeding all anticipation. Thus,
in three intervals of five years we have :

Yrs. I Imports. I OthoialV 1171.-- i------ v-ii eof Declared slue
Exports. of Exports.

1840 £ 67,494,710 £ 116,481,015 £ 51,406,430
1845 85,297,508 150,877,782 60,111,082
1850 100,460,433 197,309,876 74,367,885

The duty on corn, as you aro aware, ceased in July,
1849, and our annual exports have increased by more
than 21,000,0001. in 1851, as compared with 1848. Con-
sidering the :innumerable branches of industry affected
by such works, it will be admitted that much internal
prosperity must have resulted from the fact that, whereas
in 1845, only 2,024 miles of railroad had been opened,
costing 71,649,0001., in 1851, there had been opened
close on 7,000 miles, involving an expenditure of
236,841,4204 Now, whenee, I would ask, came this extra
investment of 165,000,0001., in the six years, or twenty-
six millions the average per annum? Whence but from
the unexampled prosperity of trade. Nor is it in this
channel only that capital has been fruitfully flowing. The
creation has gone on apace of mills, factories, docks,
wharfs, and warehouses; not a little has also gone on in
ship building; there was no neglect of Lord Derby's ad-
vice as to draining; and yet capital has continued to
abound at 21 per cent. in all monetary avenues ; while
nearly twenty millions of gold are lying in the vaults of
the Bank of England. Again : At the commencement
of free trade in shipping, in 1848, the amount of our
mercantile tonnage was 4,050,190 tons, employing
236,906 men; in three years, at the close of 1851, the
tonnage exceeded 4,300,000 tons, and the men 240,000.
The Right Hon. Member for Oxforeshire lately im-
plied that free trade had increased vice ; but the answer
is that in 1841 the committals were 27,760; in 1850 they
were 28,813—a diminution, not an augmentation of
crime, seeing that the population of the kingdom has
advanced thirteen per cent. in the last ten years. There
can be little doubt that the moral as well as physical
well-being of the people has lately been in rapid course
of improvement; and every man conversant with great
towns is aware that the instance of Glasgow, cited with
such unanswerable effect by Sir J. Graham, in a recent
debate, is an average type of the actual position of all
our manufacturing population.
Intemperance has everywhere greatly declined, espe-
cially in the metropolis. In pauper maintenance there
has been a saving of 11 per cent, in the latter half of
1851, as compared with that of 1850. In that one item
alone there is a moat material direct relief to the landed
interest, who, it is to be remembered, have likewise
shared in the general benefit of reduced cost of living,
and in the indescribable advantage resulting from a state
of society where the masses, being employed, well paid,
and well fed, are necessarily contented, and attached to
the institutions which secure them against the encroach-
ments of others.

The Income Tax returns show likewise th-at their as-
sessments in 1843 wore 2,419,3291., and i❑ 1849
2,656,796/. an inereaie of a quarter of a million in uix
years, which, at 7d. in the pound, attests no small addi-
tion of revenue.

But although
.facts establishing the beneficial results
of free trade are numberless, there is only one point
further to which I will advert, and the more emphati-
cally, because it has not received the attention it szems to me to deserve. Ministers derigdeprtilacee poarovvphbloy:it,,,doautrheubaasledt
of a ss. duty lest it should derange the commercial and
general business of the country. But it is not b-c
onlyadded to the existin
future wheat would not thereby be enhanced
"luletahtenrorPldreP'vvaOuinla:
foorrtrtehbeleEttagtlisahmomunati.kNeltuethhrootu.
gth4eo:
cease to find its way here.
And it is not simply that the tax is levied on that
which is imported, but upon ail that is consumed in the
kingdom ; for, supposing there
Ireland 30,000,000
imported, virtually tax '
theaters of 13, in Great Britain and
wheat and 5,000,000 bo
35,000,000, and though tilt. d
wilt ha levied on the wb,.10
5,000,000 foreign Rein',
been 8,750,0001. And
250,0001., the actual a 6 to revenue, amounting to uty be actually paid. onoth.e,
03.0tatt paid by the people .I
edgy the mass of th napo-
laboured.
sitiou we are fir/ht. who would pay this su
e people. In preventing
simplest right
of humanity L Ing their battle [for
for mUndoubt-
But whilst the continuance of
freegreat, and I think
-"toe right to eat the bread which it has
strenuously advocatingh
trade, I am not insensiblo that
has
ge
too sudden, commercial change,n necessarily been
the landed interest,
sccompaniel by severo pressure
passed off to a consider-
and though that pressate
Which is borne unfairly by
which land is liable is a fair mat-
ter degree, yet it is ourdbutahtsyePlatond.remaoyhee
wirillyolbeursduebt!
sub-
ject of the taxation to
laud to promote national objects,
the land exclusively.
ter of inquiry before th© Legislature, and if there are
corn-tax be untenable, why should the
If, then, a new , 1 ,
lbeutrtdheenins b}- taxation
lon
ge longer
h eonly)rne
by
nation be perplexed with (lotto, as to the mode, nature,
and date of its imposition? What is there in the ante-
cedents of the men now in office that should entitle them
to our confidence? Is it not a fact that the majority cf
them aro known in public li'e only by prof,ty.ions of
hostility to every popular tendency ? W hat cm be said
to give them strength at the present time? Surely it
cannot be their well-known acts and long and Openly-
avowed opinions. It the Reform Bill of the late Cabinet
failed to satisfy the just requirements of the people, lie,w
is it possible that they case till iho void? Is it not truo
that they refuse to admit that rainab,rs anti intelligeae,
shall confer the franchise, if it be not distributed ae.
cording to a geographical arr,ngement, originally in. defemible, nad now more than over objuctioaat)le?