The Sun.
London, England, 1852-03-29 00:00:00

MARCH 29, 1852.
LONDON, MONDAY - 4k. •
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BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE.
No. CCCCXXXVIII., for APRIL. Price 2s. 6d.

CONTENTS.

The Earl of Derby. •
My Novel ; or Varieties in English Life. Fart XX.
American Military Reconnoissances.
Our London Commissioner.
The Commercial Disasters of 1851.
Tke Mother's Legacy to iler Unborn Child.
The Appeal to the Country.
William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London.

FRASER'S MAGAZINE for APRIL,
Price 25.6 d., or by post, 35., contains :
I. The Colleges at Oxford. 6. Lord Holland's Memoirs of the
2. The Naturalist in Jamaica. Whig Party.
3. Autoblographyof Captain Digby 7. History of the Hungarian
Grand. Chap. X. War. Part VI.
4. Preserved Meats. 8. Hors Dramatics. The Plue-
5. Dypatia ; er, New Foes with thon of Euripides.
an Old Face By the Author o• 9. The East and the West.
"Yeast." Chaps. VII. & VIII, i
London : John W. Parke

;r and Son, West Strand.

THE QUARTERLY REVIEW,
NO. CLXXX., will be published April 6.
CONTENTS:
I. Sh• Roger de Coverley.
IL Horace Walpole's Garland.
111. Diary of General Patrick Gordon.
IV. Recent Epics.
V. Comparative Anatomy.
VI. Bohemian Embassy to England, &c., 1466.
VII. Cannon, Musket, and Rtle.
VIII. California versus Free Trade.
IX. George lll.—Grenville and Rockinv,ham Papers. Lord
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X. Lamartine's History of the Restoration.
XI. Lord John Russell and the Earl of Derby.
Joint Murray, Albemarle-street.

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TETE ENGINEERS' STRIKE.—Tne following is the
official return of the number of persons of the following
denominations who have signed the Declaration of the
Central Asaiciation of Employers of Operative Engineers
up to and incht:ive of 22,1 March, 1852 : - Vice-men, 1,508 ;
turners, 1,211; smiths and strikers, 1.235; moulders, 892;
dressers, 409; millwrights, 231; pattern-makers, 262; car-
penters, 326; machine-men, plainers, Blotters, &c., 852;
boiler-makers, 715 ; labourers, 1,480 ; others, 1,093; total,
10,217. Return up to 15th :March, 9,034; increase, 1,183.
We understand th it glary Howitt, who has already
endeared herself to the hearts of all children by her many
fascinating publications for the young, is about to undertake
the editorship of a new juvenile magazine, entitled " The
Dial of Love," to be publiMed by Darton and Co., the fir,t
nu,nber of which 's expn!ed to appear in June next. All
youthful circles will rejoice at this notice, and will eagerly
wait the appeartutcoof the prop 444 serial.;

whalers, in beating through the Straits of Sanger, gets
within two miles of the shore on either side, the is sure
to have a battery opened upon her; and if shipwrecked,
her crew are taken prisoners and never permitted to re-
turn to their country and their homes. We do know
that these things should not and will not continue to
exist under the present Whig President, with Daniel
Webster at the head of the State Department, and W.
H. Graham Secretary of the Navy; and we hope and
trust that the day is near at hand when, under a judicious
protecave system, we shall be Bonding enormous quan-
tities of cotton goods, iron, &c., to Japan, c.nd receive in
return her gold, silver, and dyewoods; at the same time
that the commerce of the world will find in her numerous
ports safe and hospitable asylums, instead of the bar-
barian now extended towards it by one of the most popu-
lous kingdoms of the earth.

THE AMERICAN EXPEDITION
AItAINST JAPAN.
(From the .New York Courier and Enquirer.)
The determination of oar Government to send a
stronger naval force than usual for th,e protection of our
commerce On the eastern coast of Africa has attracted
very general remarks from the press; and, we are happy
to add, that with the exception of one or two of Kos-
suth's penny organs, the policy of the Administration in
this regard has been universally approved. The organs
referred to, under the eauctien of Kossuth, no doubt re-
gret to see this " material aid" diverted from an attempt
to replace Kossuth in the positioa which he so strangely
abandoned, with 135,000 well-armed and gallant sol-
diers under his command, mid four of the principal for-
tresses of Hungary in his-possession. But both our Go-
vernment and our people have come to estimate Kossuth
at his real value; and, inasmuch as it was only necese
miry to learn the true character of the man to insure
his harmlessness, it follows that Government may
now dispose of its naval force as it pleases,
without apprehension of being involved in a foreign war
by this second Lopez. Hungarian intervention, and the
crusade which Kossuth is preaching, are no more than
the Cuban intervention and Cuban piracy which Lopez
inculcated; and from the beginning Kostuth's impudent
appeals from the Government to the people, and his
avowal that he is raising money and buying arms to
wage war against a Government with which we are at
peace, should have caused him to be treated as was
Lopez and his expedition to revolutionise Cuba. We can-
not perceive why Lopez should have been prosecuted for
getting up an expedition to revolutionise Cuba, and
Kossuth be permitted to preach a similar crusade against
Austria. Oar people are as hostile to Spanish as to
Austrian despotism; and their sympathies should be
with Cuba, instead of, atetellairs4VlB, • tt "es
tier sway, the :folly araniiiiitedifieti rat. . . ' r.
yention in European affairs becomes so apparent, that all
parties unite in the opinion that it is not necessary
to support a cnange in tne roreign Gee_
vernment; hence the immediate' departure of our squa-
dron to the China Seas and the north-eastern coast of
Africa.
The unusual strength of the force about to sail, and
the tact that the most distinguished and proverbially the
most efficient efficer in the navy, Commodore Perry, is
about to assume the command of the East India squad-
ron, have natursliy .excited more than ordinary itiquirt
and discussion in relation to the immediate objects at the
expedition. By some it has been characterised as a
warlike expedition, and very generally it is believed to
have in view offensive operations against the empire of
Japan. In common with our contemporaries we have
institeited inquiries in regard to the objects of the expe
ditien, and we are gratified to learn that it is designed to
bo entirely peaceful in its character, but, at the same
time, sufficiently imposing to command respect in the
enforcement of justice, end of sufficient strength to en-
force compliance with all proper demands.
The empire of Japan covers an area of more than one
hundred thousand square miles, and lies between the 30th
and 43d degree of N. latitude, and the 129th end
143 d degree of E. longitude ; and lying on the eastern
side of the continent, has a climate similar to our
own, between the same parallels of latitude ; that is
between New Orleans and New York. Its population
is estimated at 30 000,000, and, covering an archipelago
its sea coast is more extensive than the whole Aelantic
coast of the United States. It not only lies directly op-
posite our possessions on the Pacific coast, but the two
great islands of Niphou and Yesso form the Strait of
Sanger, through which huedreds of our whale fleet are
compelled anhually to past; but to land upon the shores
of which for supplies of wood, water, or the necessaries
ef lite, or be forced upon them by stress of weather, sub-
jects the unfortunate whaler to robbery or death. Japan
not only refuses to htld commercial intercourse with the
rest of the world—a very questionable right—but she
goes further, and, occupying as she does an enorm ;us
extent of sea coast, she not only refuses to open her
ports to foreign vessels in distress, but actually opens
her batteries upon them when they approach within gun-
shot of her shores; and when driven upon them by
stress of weather she seizes upon, imprisons, exhibits in
cages, and actually murders the crews of such ill-fated
vessels.
Now, we deny the right of any nation situated upon,
and occupying a portion of the sea-coast of the world,
to refuse all commercial intercourse with other nations.
Such a course may be tolerated by civilized nations so
lorg WI it does not interfere with their commerce and
the welfare of the human race; but we insist that it is
the right of civilized and Christian nations to compel
barbarians thus sittieted to submit to the general law
of nations, and to a certain degree of intercourse; and
especially is the right of all the nations of the world
to have free access to every port and every part of
the coast of the whole world in times of distress and
danger, and to demand .at the hands of the people
occupying such harbours and coast protection, aid,
and hospitality. This, we say, is the right of all na-
tions in all the harbours and on all the coasts of the
world; and when this right is denied and withheld, it
becomes the duty of a commercial people to remedy
the evil, and to secure to their commerce the protection
to which it is so justly entitled. Japan denies this right.
Among the hundreds of American whalers annually
compelled to pass the Straits of Sanger, some are ine-
vitably forced by stress of weather upon the inhospitable
coasts on either hand, and the consequences are impri-
sonment or death; and vessels in distress, instead of
being permitted to make a friendly harbour for repairs
and to refit, are compelled to keep at sea, to the almost
certain destruction of all on board. This has been sub-
mitted to too long already, and the constant increase of
our whale fleet and the consequent increase of disasters
in this barbarous and inhospitable region have compelled
our Government, unprompted except by its wise fore-
sight, to insist upon a le form in the policy and bearing
or the Japanese towards the rest of the world. Tee
single fact that at one time within the. last year there
were 121 American whalers lying in the harbours of the
Sandwich Islands—far away from their cruising grounds,
because they could not enter any harbour on the coast
of Japan for repairs—shows not only the extent of our
commerce in that region, but the claims of humanity
itself for protection against the barb4riatis who thus cut
off, as it were, the commerce of the Yellow Sea and the
Sea of Ode esk.
Without being prompted thereto, as has bean charged,
by the merchants of this city, but in obedience to a
wise policy which seeks silk • to extend our comme-ce
and protect our manufactures and agricelture, the Ad-
ministration has most wisely determined to demand re-
dress fer pest grievances from Japan, and to insist that
in future the seamen of the civilized world, when cast
upon their shores by the providence of God, or when
compelled to seek refuge from the elements in the har-
bours on their coast, shall be treated with humanity
at least, if not with the hospitality which it is their
right to demand under such circumstances. With
this view Commodore Perry has been selected to
se:Roweled an expedition, which will necessarily require
great prudence and discretion, united to great fen bear-
ance. firmness, and perseverance. These high quali-
ties have hitherto been exhibited by Perry on several
occasions; and these qualities have, it is said,
changed
his destination from the Mediterranean, and the
pleasures and attractions of the most desirable com-
mand in the navy, to the command of an expedition
which would be far -from acceptable, were it not for
the good it promises mankind, and the certain protection
which its successful termination will insure to American
commerce in the east. The squadron will consist of the
steamers Susquehanna, Mississippi, and Princeton—the
former of which will be the flagship; a frigate, a sloop-
of-war, and a stereship; and we imagine, from what we
can learn, that he will take with him light field guns,
and whatever armament may be necessary to compel
obedience to such demands as he may make for the re-
dress of past grievances, and for the surrender of certain
Amoricen sailors now held in bondage, and, it is said,
exhibited in cages through the country.
We sincerely !rejoice that the Administration has pro-
jected, and finds itself at leisure to undertake, this all•
important expottition; and that, too, without any other
additional expense than the transportation of coal for
steamers to so distant a region. That it can thus divert
a portion of our navy afloat from other quarters is the
result of the wisdom which has guided its foreign
relations, and preserved it aloof from " entan-
gling allianeete." in obedience to those counsels
of Washington which Kossuth and his toadies have
so mercilessly :ridiculed. And we rejoice, too, that
what is about hexing done will be as much for the be-
nefit of the whole civilized world as for that of the
United States. If we are correctly informed, COMMO-
don Perry will: :not only demand redress for past offences
against us, and. 'the release of all American prisoners,
but he will also, insist upon the release of all who may
be held in bonds lee merely for having been cast upon
their shores by Providence, no matter to what nation
they may belmag . And he will insist too that in future
all the nations of the world shall have the right to seek
the harbours tef Japan in stress of weather, and to re-
pair damages; and that they shall be hospitably received
and their wants; be supplied by such as may be disposed
to aid them, in se tad of punishing with death, as at pre-
sent, whoever t tares to succour the distressed. So far as
commerce is concerned, it anything eau he accomplished,
it will, of course„ be the result of peaceful negotiation;
and he will neir,oi iate for the United States only. But
he will claim a ed insist that all nations and peoples shall
have the right to use the ports of Japan in distress, and
be protected 1)y the Government. We do nut euppose
that be will 9,,tte rapt forcibly to interfere with arty of
their police regfeli thole?, or demand the right to land men,
it the wants of c ommerce are frsely supplied without
landing.
But, or ,ce give the civilized world access to
terra incognita. Such aficess mut,
tad to canners a, • ei commerce is the great eivilizer
e ,
of mankind. It• may bs years before we get tree access I
ltohneg hei;rbeiu mrasin Japan, and that great empire will no
xpe TOt TRE EaDplaTnO,
it will- not be le ,ng before some clever Yankee informs
of city ,Jeddo, the capital of the empire; but
cinEotiTCßeEthTenfluEllOWing titste..
as a population of 2,000,000 or only sie,—ln your leading article of to-day, on the Arne'
eet leer-,too, whether • s ion to J
fe shall then soon , L
500,000 souls.
7of the Emperor consists of 525,000 ment:—
the standing arm: of the
itri:towthh her it
All Eastern people, with the exception se
men, 0e whom 10( eOOO are cavalry. What we do keoet Chinese, have been put under the ban of the %Wane
is, that Japan ra itee an enormous quantity of wheat, Empire."
men, including 60 ,000 cavalry, or Of nearly 1,000 000 of
or, t strictly cnr-
eee, barley, 840.,1N0w, I beg leave to say, that this is 11°
and silver, are sent t dowe the coast to Chins, and that the „,
0-1
Itlaeda heirs bound by the close +t
revenue of the en) Aire is estimated at
hitt'', together with silks,
o 000 dolls. • "r , ~g
14 , , ties of commerce with Japan, but on the condition only
We know thee every city and port is strongly tor- that they have no intercourse with gorePto3.
bass, the %whole ,COAati sad that if ORO of Our
gold, cope

(From the Times)
The empire of Japan has long remained a sealed book ,
to the various nations of the civilized world. The rulers
of that rich and populous country have for a long pe-
riod continued to act on maxims of exclusiveness so
complete as to put even the policy of the Court of Pekin
to shame. There is bat one European people—the
Dutch—with whom they have consented to hold the most
modified intercourse; and that intercourse has been
limited to the admission of two ships annually from Ba-
tavia into the port of Nangasaki. The value of both
cargoes is said to amount to about 300,000 dollars. We
have lying before us an account current of the Dutch
consignments and returns for a particular year. We find
the imports into Japan consist of sugar,tin, cotton thread,
black pepper, cloves, seed cloves, lead, sapanwood, Patna
chintz, cloths, woollens, camlets, and a few minor arti-
cles of the like
description. The return cargo is in
the main made up of copper and camphor. In
,forraerdays, Japanese exports included timber, wheat,
rice, cotton, silk, ambergris, &a. Nor has the rigid
policy of excluson been applied only to the nations of
the western world. All eastern peoples, with the single
eXcepOorruf-thu Chinese, bare been p. 14 undcw ilia ban
of the Japanese empire. Ten Chinese junks are an-
nually admitted into the port of Nangasaki as a setoff
the two Dutch ships of Batavia. But for these
trifling exceptions, as far as the rest of the world are
concerned, the empire of Japan might as well have no
existence. It is a fair question how far any tribe
or race of human beings possesses the right of
excluding the rest of mankind from all partici-
pation in the benefits to be derived from an ex-
teesive and beautiful region. That it abounds
with mineral and .vegetable productions, and is
admirably adapted for carrying on commercial inter-
course with advantage to the inhabitants and profit to
he rest of mankinc, may not affect the properties of the
problem, but at least it quickens our desire for a solu-
:Ion. I, this right of exclusion tound,d on reason or on
'twee? If on reason, we should he curious t) see the
Aromt.nts by which it can bs maintained. IF the right
exclusion is simply the right of force, why, let those
who appeal to such a principle be prepared at all times
to make it good. They may feel well assured that, sumo
rime or other, their pretensions will be put to tile test.
In any case, they can lay little claim to sympathy.
They have by their own acts put themselves out of the
pale of the great brotherhood of nations. They have
r, fused all aid to others; how can they ask it for them

SOW!, r
The Tartar dynasty had long contrived to exclude the
wort,' from any but the most humiliating intercourse
with China. That pretension has been set at rest for
ever by the operation of the British forces. Now it
would seem the term of civilized exclusion from
Japan is at hand, although, happily, wo are
not in this instance to be the executioners.
The expedition is to be undertaken by the United
States. If carried our in a spirit of humanity and sound
policy, without unnecessary waste of life, asd under the
tuli impression that the agents of the Government, and
not the great mass of the p‘pulation, are in fsult, Com.
modore Perry will be backed with the sympathies of all
European nations. That our friends on the other side
of the Atlantic are in good earnest sufficiently appears
by an announcement which will be found in another por-
tion of our columns this day. The enterprise is under-
taken by the Government at Wasington. and one of
the best officers on the Navy List of the United States
has been appointed to the command. The squadron
will consist of the Susquehannah steam-frigate, which
is now cruising in the eastern waters, and of the steam-
frigates Mississippi and Princeton; a frigate, a sloop of
war, and a store ship. It is stated that the greatest
efforts are being made in the New York navy yard to
get the expedition ready for instant service; incited, by
a comparison of dates, it is probsable that Commodore
Perry may have left New York already with his squadron
for the seas of Japan. The force to be employed is amply
sufficient for the purpose. The officers intrusted with the
command can have little difficulty in dictating their own
terms, both at Nangasaki and Jed,do. with such a power
at their disposal. An expedition. against Japan is a
much simpler affair than our own operations in China.
We are not, indeed, sufficiently aware of the internal
politics of the country to know wbetther or not the Em-
peror of Japan has as much to dread from his own sub-
jects, in case of reverses, as his Cele stial cousin at Pekin.
The Japanese are undoubtedly a snore military nation
than the Chinamen; but it is not likely they can offer
any effective resistance against the howitzers and rocket
tubes of the United States' squadron. Above all, the
operations can be mainly conducted without quitting the
seacoast. The surveys of the Ntangasaki waters have
been very carefully made. The LTn iced States whalingships are intimately acquainted with the navigation
along the eastern shore of Japan, e.nd so through the
Straits of Sangara, which divide Niphon from Jeso.
Whatever else of this kind may ba necessary is easily
to be accomplished by the armed b oats of the expedi-

non.
Of Japan we ourselves know little or nothing. Our
ignorance is in some measure attri.butable to our own
neglect. The last English ship the t visited Nangasaki
was the Semarang, on which occasie n, if the testimony
of Mr. Midshipman Marryat is to b e credited, the Ja-
panese instantly ran up a number of chintz and coloured
cetton farts, in the old Chinese styli). Well nigh forty
eeara had elapsed since an Englisl a ship-of-war—the
Phaeton—had last appeared in that port. Time was
when the English might have turns d their intercourse
with Japan to good account. In 'the year 1616 the
Emperor of Japan had granted to our people the privi-
leges of commerce, with permission to erect a factory.
Seven years afterwards, in 1623, the East India Company
abandoned the settlement b• cause obeir commerce with
Japan had not at the outset yielded them such profitable
returns as they had expec tell. In 1672 the
Company attempted to relies., their intercourse
with Japan, bat the attempt proved ineffectual. Our
King had married a Portuguese Princess, and the Por-
tuguese at that period were rega rd ed by the Court of
Japan with much the same feeling us the French by the
Seeniarda dueiug tho Peninsular tear. Uutel the con-
clusion of the eighteenth century ttte question was left
et rest, when a :elect committee of East India Com-
pany was appointed to it quire into the pelicy of re-
epeeing the trade. Will it be believ ed that half-a-doz
English men of business were found evho reported against '
the policy of making such an often ipt, mainly because
the consignments of Japantse cop per might interfere
with the products of our own mine, —as though copper
were the only article which could be obtained
th from
Japan? In some degree,therefore, we have to auk
our own indifference and insction, if the shores of Ja-
pan have been so long closed agateinst us ; but,
if we
mistake not, the officers of the Dutch factory at Nan-
gasaki have been still more to liiame. It has been
the traditional policy of that nation in the Eastern
waters to maintain monopolies at all hazards, and by
all means. At the end of the 'seventeenth century,
when Christianity was extirpat ed from the islands
and Europeans banished from tho d
ir limits, an excep-
tion was made in favour of the Dutch. Their trade
was at one time of enormous verve, but hats dwindled
down to its present comparatively insignificant amount
through their own mismanagement and indiscretion.
There was a period in the history of their commercial
intercourse with the Japanese wh en they drained the
islands of the precious metals to an incredible amount.
This excited the apprehensions of the Court, much in the
same way as the exchange of silver, and nothing but
silver, for opium lately brought ',twitters to a crisis in
China. The value of the currency- was constantly tam-
pered with in all transactions
witse Dutch and
Japanese; and to such an extent, Mr. Imhoff,
" that our commerce was carried ott sby people groping
in the dark, neither knowing the actin al price of purchase
or aale. Since 1710 all artioles of trade not disposed
of at a profit of 63 per cent. rendered a loss." The
same writer tells us that his country men have over and
over again declined to receive many valuable articles of
commerce which were from time to time tendered by the
Japanese. The conduct of the on servants at
Japan, besides, appears, as is usual in such cases, to
have been infamous. The encroachments in laza of a dignified but
firm resistance to all the and insults of
Japanese, gave way in every instance. " Stivers if
the
you please, and blows if you will," appears to have been
their moan
and certainly they are not very favourable
instances of' the success of such a policy in the intercourse
between European and Asiatic nations.
Enough has been said to show that public opinion in
England will ran in favour of the expedition which is
about to sail from New York. It should not, however,
be forgotten that both humanity and policy recommend
asoleration in the midst of success. Wiser maxims
than of old are now beginning to prevail among civalzed
nations! mere territorial acquisitions are known to yield
stpnhureaotrtvcsietlaehinteihdnueet
ern gict a: idun sas.
o counterpartawlt
eiftsh,o only
fxy Asiaticpow,
le tcanoinowant:oosanit ;as
conquests
operations
Japan
tfaarstpetise,,,
nntenosuau,i
willnt
t
he regal-dad as mere burdens. We can nave little d
te
China. Ntly Commodore Perry and hs for '" meet wits
the like success, end use it to as good a `purpose.
•

IN RE CCIIMING.—LIINACY.
This was an application on the part of Mrs. Cumming for
leave to traverse the inquisition under which she has re-
cently been declared to be of unsound mind. The simple
question involved is the legal one, whether a person found
lunatic by inquisition may traverse as a matter of right.
The question was very learnedly argued by Mr. Bethell,
Mr. Ronndell Palmer, and Mr. Southgate on behalf of the
petitioner; and by the Attorney-General and Sir W. Page
Wood (only part head) on Wednesday week.
Mrs. Cumming was in attendance in the Lord Chancellor's
private room.
Sir W. PAGE WOOD was now heard in continuation of his
argument against the right of the petitioner to traverse.
Lord Eldon, in the case of Ludlam, rescinded the order
to traverse on the affidavit of the medical attendant that
the petitioner was a raving madman. In the case of
Saumarez, cited briefly in the case of "Ex parte
Bridge" (Craig and Phillips, 338), already cited in
the course of this argument, Lord Eldon, after considering
many affidavits, refused leave to traverse. In that case the
petition proceeded from the lunatic and his wife. As ra-
epected the weight of authorities referred to on the point of
the right to traverse, the facts stood thus :—Lord Ilardwicke
twice, in the case of Roberts (3 Atkins, 308) and Barnsley
(3 Atk. 184), decided that the traverse was not a matter of
right. Lord Thurlow, in re Fust (1 Cox, 418), held that it
was in the discretion of the Lord Chancellor to grant leave ;
and this view was also taken by Lord Keene. It was not
contended, on behalf of the present petitioner, that the right
was absolute, but only discretionary; that is to say, that
there was a right of traverse, subject to the Lord 'Chan-
cellor being satisfied that the applicant was capable of an
act of volition. The lunatic would, therefore, be the only
person to satisfy the Court on that point. But the sole
purpose of the inquisition was to show that the petitioner was
not capable of exercising a sound act of volition, and the Court
would be liable, perhaps, to Le imposed upon by interested
parties. Before the late Lord CAtenham's decision in "Ex
parte Bridge," the authorities were all against the absolute
right to traverse. Lord Cottenham decided the case under
the impression that Lord Eldon had leant to the opinion that
traverse was of right. But from the examination which had
now been made of the facts, in the case of Saumarez, it was
clear that this was not so. The Act 6 Geo. IV., c. 53, made
the exercise of the power to grant traverse discretionary in
the Lord Chancellor. It was thereby expressly provided
that the Court should" hear and determine" the application,
and it must consequently, therefore, be a discretionary power
in the Court. A discretion had always been exercised, and
prior to the enactment of 2 and 3 Edward IV., c. 8, extend-
ing the right of traverse to cases of lunacy, the Court in-
quired into the title of the applicant to traverse an inquisi-
tion. Should the Court now affirm the absolute right, then
' it would be depriving persons suffering under insanity of a
very necessary protection, and the Court in granting an ap-
plication of this nature would descend from its judicial posi-
tion to one simply ministerial.
Mr. ROLT was also on the same side, but intimated that he
did not intend to trouble the Court.
The LORD CHANCELLOR asked how many counsel were
on each side.
Mr. ROLT said there were three to support the petition
and five to oppose.
The LORD CHANCELLOR remarked that as the property
was so small, so great an expense should not have been
incurred. Two counsel on each side would have been enough.
Mr. ROLT explained that it, was uncertain whether the en-
gagements of the Attorney .General and his own would
enable them to attend. It was, therefore, necessary to retain
the services of of her counsel.
Mr. PETERSDORFF, of the common law bar followed, on the
same side, and submitted that at common law there was no
absolute right of traverse. It was discretionary in the Court
to traverse a coroner's inquisition, and in seeking to tra-
verse an inquest 01 outlawry the Court must be satisfied
that there are good grounds. If the power in Court was
merely iniuisterial, surely then in case of a refusal of
traverse the person aggrieved would constitutionally have a
right to seek redress by mandamus or otherwise. But no
such proceeding was ever heard of. The right to habeas
corpus was one of the most absolute rights possessed by the
subject; but even there the court must be satisfied that
there is proper ground for issuing the wiit. It was ad-
mitted that in practice notice of a petition to traverse must
be served on the parties interested. If the right were a
matter of course then whist, was the &eject of that pro-
ceeding ?
Mr. elounes was on the same side.
Mr. BETHELL, in reply, submitted that there had been
much misapprehension of the meaning of the statutes. By
the common law of England, whenever the king's title stood
on record on eu office found, there was no remedy for the
subject but to proceed either by monstrans de droit or by a
petition of right. But the 34 and 36 of Edward 111. gave
right of traverse; the right, however, being exclusively
confined to the case of lands seized to the use of the king.
There was no statutable right to traverse till 2 and 3 Ed-
ward VI., c. 8. Then with respect to the 6of Geo. IV., c.
sa, it had been asked on the other side why, if there was
no discretion in the Court, the heir at law and next
t
of kin were served with the petition, applying for
to traverse? It was not served on them in their character
of heir or next of kin, but as parties interested, and
that only if they had the carriage of the inqui-
sition. The latter statute was based on the Act of Ed-
ward VI., and the discretion which it gave was ;only
with the view to limit the time within which traverses
should be prosecuted. In the case of Ludlam, S 3 much
relied ou on the other side, it was clearly apparent that the
lunatic was not capable of sound volition, but even there
the Court might pubalhly have only receivea the attilavit
as a means of proof that the lunatic was really the petitioner.
The decision in "Ex parte Saumarez " only went the
length of showing that a petition might be refused no the
ground that the petitioner was not the person seeking
right of traverse. This was m)re clearly apparente,a
d there
lust'sthe
case, for there the actual applicant was the wife,
Tsar L or WILLS AMENDMENT.—The Lord
was a doubt made as to the legality of the marriage, In
and with respect to the
Robert's case, the order was made under special circumstances ill to Amend the Wills Act, as amended in
with the view to save expense; LoCshraium'etitliteer,shßasjust been printed by order of the House of
other authorities cited, the sLearned Counsel, i a most L-0 ds. It now contains three sections with the exception
masterly exhibition of forensic power in break' an d been of ther provision declaring the title to be " The Wills Act
opponent's argument, contended that the trav-einr; haddw Amendment Act, 1852." It states the place where the sig-
held to be as a matter of right.
The Lora) CHANOKLLOR natures are to be written. No signature is to be.operative
he
said, the question before t
Court was of great importance, and itmight be regarded as
a constitutional one.qulest,tihonower, really to give effect to any disposition or direction which is under-
Court or which follows it, nor shall it give effect to any die-
'n a veryposition inserted
totterafer the signature shall be made. The
of the statute 2 & 3 Edward VI
small compass. The dependedeB,anoan Act is to extend tain wills already made. The word
" will" is to be construed in the same manner as declared by
necessary to refer to the *C.
of the statute. The the Wills Act, 1 Victoria, c. 26.
exact words
truly found lunatic, idiot, or dead, every Per.
6th section provides that if r shall be un-
any person be opersons The operations of the Irish Beetroot Sugar Corn.
the C°
it was therefore
n shall and pang, which commenced at Mount Mellick about a fortnight
so grieved by any such office or inqursittoio
are described by the parties interested to have been
may have his and their traverse spa
tohre
seme
back,
a ck
their Plea Sure, very favourable. The average crop of beetroot in77.ltrerlocanendss
Immediately, or after, at his el have like remedy is said to be 26 tons per acre, while on the continent it •
and proceed to trial therein, and
of traverse upon only 16 tons; and it is now affirmed that the minimum
and advantage as in other
ha OW to consider whether, yield of saccharine matter is 71 per cent. in raw sugli,
Offers for
untrue inquisition found.
before granting a traverse, whereas onthe
gthee-C- dounrt had to enter into the • continent 7 per cent. is the highest. A fur
hin the present one had oc- ther advantag is also said to exist in the cost of th --
whole case before the jury,
cupied no less than 16 'Kt whensiderable stress was laid in as carried on at Mount Mellick, where it averages
on the provision of the old sta- ton, against 91. per ton abroad. On the other hand,. per
n . per ton,
support of this proPeonsidr!ggte
of offices before escheators ; but price of the roots in Ireland this year has been 155
totes relating toe e
solely to land, and to traverses between the the continental price being 12e. year
as these relatedthey had no bearing on this question. howeve-, have been made at 133. On the whole
aaettx.f7reyLseearneir
kTihnegseanwdobrdiss sub)
38 expressly and most clearly gave rates, the Irish sugar is alleged to be produc,,d'
wheng of reaped
lifted righ ,
• a reasonable
cising
ceeded to review t thou
untruly' found
ese trt, the pleasure of the person aggrieved ton, the continental average being 171. 15s. Tee maeufpec-
gh
itrinatic. This was not a merely qua- tory now at work cost abut 10,000 e Is employ's 160
gave the Court the power of exec- labourers, has two steam engines, together of 40-horse
discretion. His Lordship then pro- power, and works up about 30 tons of beetroot per week.
the authorities cited in the course of the The company propose to erect six more establish-
rument. lii the case decided by Lard H.ardwicke, the special ments during tire year. 11,-.•fi.:ed suar has not yet been
circumstances of each were gone into, and seemed to iuflu- made, but its ma .ufacture wilt commence in a week or two.
ecieesthe mind of that Learned Juteg more than in those It appears that the railw ly loans at the 13n)k of
decided by his successors.. But there was one case in which France are. to be for periods of two months on shares and
Lord Ilardwieke hail treaeed traverse as a matter of
three months oh bonds, and that in case of a fall of 20 per
right; for there the traverse was lodged at the Petty
cent. the borrowers are to ti d further becurity, or the pro-
Bae-office without the intervention of this court, and
, perty ie to be sold. -The '
the Chancellor in no way interfered to prevent its further
to those of the Exchange Banks at Glasgow and elsewhere
prosecution. But it might be asked why the parties came toallele aerapgements are very similar
during the mania of 1846 and which ended in disasters to
the enactment ot 6 George IV.? Even supposing that there
all parties. The. aggregate ainome to be advanced each
was no discretion in the Court, yet the Couq being charged
who week will be announced at the periodical meeting of the
with the care of lunatics so found by in
traversed without cou,eut could hardly expect to be allowed
he &rector., and the total for the first week is expected to be
560,000/.
the cotta of the traverse. It, was Lot net scary to go at , _
the Rev. Dr. O'Connor,
tar. Sheriff Swift of London, with his ebaplain,
length through the cases, as they were collected and. fully , . .
commented on by Lord Cottenhatn in "Es parte Bridge." le now on a vis
liord Iqurlow, it was tnie, bad gom M longth in ru.it's Archbishop Illiale, tat T ,NU

THE CRYSTAL PALACE.
On Saturday nearly 50,G00 people visited the con-
demned building, and about four o'clock there must have
been 20,000 persons assembled at one time. The dis-
play of carriages outside reminded one of the Exhibition,
and within, the appearance of the company exceeded in
respectability and nearly eqealled in numbers many of
the shilling days. The experiment of the contractors
in throwing the place open to the public has, so far,
been a complete success. Thousands of signatures have
been attached to the petitions laid out on tables in the
transept, and, had the facilities for signing been greater,
this method of manifesting popular feeling might have
been extended much further. But a mere sentimental
wish will not save the building now, and, if it is to be
prowled, vigorous steps must be taken by all who are
interested in the subject. So strongly is this felt,
and so pressing is the emergency, that three dis-
tinct movements have simultaneously originated on
the subject. In one of these Sir Moses Montefiore
has taken the initiative, and has announced a meet-
ing to be held at the Mansion-house on the 7th of April,
over which the Lard Msyor has promiaed to preside.
In another Ar. Oliveira has been the prime mover, and
~
has got together a large amount of irfluentia! support.
[lts friends hold a preliminary committee meeting at
the building on Tuesday next, to concert measures and
to receive such accessions to their numbers as
d the
maymovement
en-
sure the success of their efforts. The third m
end probably that which has at present assume
most practical and effective form, includes the name of
Sir Jos9pli Paxton, who is determined to
eQuattetsien
dceis the inferences whieh the rec confute
have
te by
ut._
drawn from his evidence. The repat of
wtard position,
• at Commis-
sion certainly pieced him in a very awk
and, though his letter shows clearly
enough
use which has been made of an lleuideonntaiaothde unfair
imper-
fectly expressed statenaL; t. which he had no opportunity
w is a. r Ink throuh him.
of correcting, the feet r. mains, that the chief blow
struck at the building
bly all who are disposed
t,, ex:,rt themselves for the pre-
servation of the palace will u •
their r and adopt
the self-supporting principle,unite effhaertareet Exhi-
bition was so successfully on
whicht The building
carded cut. ,
remains open to the ll to-morrow
public, free of charge„ti
Probe-

vimEN TS.
ELECT--77—10N M 730
iNcHEsTE
A Bed to his principfd sup.
Sir James East has positively -71 r a return tO protee
porters here that he will not you!
_ti fora
he is disposed to give
duties ; though, upon other qa—aillndependent support.—
Lord Derby's Government
Hampshire independent.

SC------- ,
OTT. A:l'D;
01110 BY AND SHETLAND.
Mr. Anderson is to meet with opposition at the approach-
ing election, from *r. Inglis, the new Solicitor-General for
Scotland. Mr- Inglis, although but a young man, is one of
the first plcaders at the Scotch bar. lie left Edinburgh on
Friday for Orkney and Shetland to commence his canvass.