The Sun.
London, England, 1852-01-05 00:00:00

JANUARY 5, 1852,
N°„18 498 LONDON, MONDAY
Ts]
g 6541
t, .• V 9

PUBLICATIONS.

THE ENGLISH FAMILY ROBTNSON.
Now ready, with 12 Plates by Harvey, price 75.,
TILT.E DESERT-HO ME ; or, the Adventures of a
tL Lost Family in the Wilderne-s. By Captain MAYNE
REID, Author of " Thev Rifle
guen, ers," See.
Da Fleet-sreet.

Just ready, price 6d.,
THE BONAPARTE PLOT t Why it was Ea-
gaged in, and How it was Accomplished; an Official Narra-
tive and Justification. By GRANIER DE CASSAGNAC.
" A more curious document has seldom been given to the world,
and in perusing it we seem to have allen upon the details Of some
old Genoese or Venetian plot."--Tinufe.s, De,. 25.
David Bogue, Fleet-street.

SECOND ANNUAL ISSUE.
In a few days, price ss. c:oth,

FORSTER'§- POCKET PEERAGE and
BARONETAGE of GI:EAT BRITAIN- and IRUAND- for
1552, corrected to the Ist of January. By HENRY RUMSEY
FORSTER, of the " Morning Post" Newspaper.
." Of all the Peerages, Mr. Forster's is the beat."—Atlas.
David Bogue, Fleet-street.

MESMERISM AND PLIRENOLOGY.
Now ready, price 2s. 6d.,
TE. z. I T ,
No. 36, containing an Account and two Lithographs of the
heads of Mr. and Mrs. Manning, the Murderers, by Dr. ETA:l°r-
SON. Two genuine and wonderful cases of Clairvoyance, by the
Rev. C. HARE TOWNSIIEND and Professor GREGORY, of Edin-
burgh. Cures of Epilepsy, Palsy, Neuralgia, Spinal Irritation, and
Debility. Instances of Mesmeric Phrenology, Clairvoyance in
Brutes, and Imagination.
Balliere, Publisher, 219, Regent-street, London, and 290,
Broadway, New York.

Just out, price 61. on Paper, Is. on Satin,
lIIMMEL'S PERFUMED MINIATURE
AL 11 A.NACK, for imparting a delightful and lasting Scent to
Pocket-books, Card-cases, Desks, Work-boxes, &c. It is beautifully
Illustrated, and forms a most acceptable Christmas Present to friends
at home or abroad. Sent by post for 7or 13 stamps.
Sold by E. RIM SIEL, sole proprietor of the Toilet Vineegar, &c.,
39, Gerrard-street, Soho, London ; by all Booksellers, Perfumers, and
Chemists; and at the Exposition, 58, Baker-street.

PATRON—H. R. 11. PRINCE ALBERT.
OYAL eOLYTECEINIC INS TITUTION.
a 11, Lecture by Dr. Bachhoffner on the Philosophy of Scientific
Recreation.—Lecture by J. H. Pepper, Esq., on Ward's New Sub-
marine Lamp.—Lecture by George Barker, Esq., en the Ballad Music
of England, illustrated by a Selection from Shakspere's Songs, on
Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday Evenings, at Eight o'clock.
Numerous Prize Models, Works of Art, &c., from the Great Exhi-
bition, explained by Mr. Crispe.—Optical Effects in Dissolving
Views, Microscope, Chromatrope, &c.—Diver and Diving Bell, &c.
ACnission, Is. ; Schools and Children under Ten years of ago,
Half-price. . _ .

o,en daily from Eleven to Five. and every Eveni,g, except Sa-
turday, troft -even till ll‘lf-past Ten.

ROBIN'S SOIREES PARISIENNES and
FANTASTIQUES, 232, Piccadilly (opposite the Hay-
market), now OPEN.—Third Programme. Inimitable Novelties.—
Every Evening, at Eight o'clock, 31. and Madame ROBIN will
repeat their inimitable SOIREES and GRAND JUVENIT,E FETE
for the Christmas Holidays. Every Wednesday a Morning Perform-
ance at Half•past Two. Children under ten years of age, half-price.
Places may be secured at Mr. Mitchell's Royal Library, 33, Old
Bond-street; Sams' Royal Library, 1, St. James's-street; Ebers',
Andrews's, and all the principal libraries.

LAUD ENT'S CASINO.
ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Winimill-straet,
St. James's, is OPEN every Evening for the Winter Season.
Lsurent's well-known and celebrated Band, principal Cornet-a-
Piston, M. Boulcourt. The New Redowa every night at Eloven
o'clock. _ _ _

During the recess the Rooms have been re-decorated, and many
improvements made, under the sole direction of Mr. G F. Bryer.
Doors open at Halt-past Eight, to commence at Nine o'clock.
Admission—ONE SHILLING.

BETTS'S PATENT BRANDY
may be obtained of all respect able spirit dealers in town and
country. in single bottles, protected by the patent metallic capsules ;
and quantities not less than two gallons or one dozen, in jars, at 1165.,
and in bottles at 18s. per gallon,
At the DISTILLERY, 7, SNIITIIFTELD-BARS.
Glass bottles and cases included, and not returnable.

WARM BANFIS, ONE SHILLING EACH.
" Economy and Enjoyment both combined I
To calm the temper and refina the mind,
To he d the body of its gathered ills,
The Bath does more than doctors' draughts or pills?
A few reserved rooms, including the Ladies' Department, Is.. Gd.
each.
Twenty-one Transferable Tickets, One Guinea.
10, Argyll-place, Regent-street, and 5, New Broad-street, City.
Vapour, Sulphur, Shampooing, and Harrowgate Baths alvrays
ready. Portable Warm Baths sent out within ten miles of London,
with Hot Linen, &c.: the Bath, 55.; distance, Is. per mile.

JOHN MARLING (late Co-Proprietor of the
" null Advertiser"), Advertisement Agent for Town and
Country Papers, No. 5, Johnson 's •court, Fleet•street, London.
Books, Magazines, &c., intended for Review, punctually forwarded
to the Provincial Papers.
N.B. The London Papers forwarded by Post to Country Subs crib-
•rs with the utmost regularity, but must in all cases be paid Quar-
terly in advance.

TO THE AFFLICTED.
A certain and speedy cure for all persons afflicted with
rheumatism, pains in the chest or limbs, stiff joints, or any diseases
arising from colds, by the' 'use of VIEASA.M'S MEDIC L.TED
CREAM SOAP, the properties of which are so astonishing in dis-
eases such as erysipelas, ringworm, scrofula, and other cutaneous
eruption, as it produces a regular action of the pores, rendering• the
skin clear and healthy. It is equally efficacious in burns, sf;alds,
bruises, or wounds of long standing, that no family shoul El be
without it.
Sold at Measam and Co.'s medicated cream depot, 233, Strand,
London, in pots at Is. l%d. and 2s. 9d. each.

SEASONABLE FESTIVITIES.
At this festive period of the year the following unrivalled dis-
coveries for the TOILET are called into increased requtation,
namely—

nowL ANDS' MAC ASSAM OIL,

for creating and sustaining a luxuriant head of ha;r,

RONVLANDS' KALYDOR,

for rendering the Skin soft, fair, and blooming.
ROWLANDSV ODONTO ; or, PEARL DENTIFRICE,
for imparting a pearl-like whiteness to the Teeth, and

ROWLANDS' AQUA D'ORO,
a fragrant and spirituous Perfume, an essential accompanimen t to
1 aces of public amusement and crowded assemblies.
Beware of Spurious Imitations.
The only Genuine of each bears the name of " Rowlands' m pre-
eding that of the Article on the Wrapper or Label.
Sold by A. Rowland and Sons, 20, Hatton-garden, London, as 3 by
hemists and Perfumers.

FAREWELL, OLD YEA-R!
marked by the revolution of Empires and the convuhdon of
Kingdoms, by the progress of Arts and Exhibitions of Industry,
fraught with events which will be recorded on the historic page,
forming an epoch interesting to the Philosopher and the Meehan &
a great step in the progress of civilization, and a bond of amity to the
hostile tribes of the human race !
The gathering of all Nations in the chief commercial city in the
world, has been an event long to be remembered. The magi of icent
outlay, amazing preparations, and highly cultivated taste displayed
in the memorable Exhibition, aroused the attention of all class es—
from the unskilled barbarian to the professor of science—from the
beloved Sovereign of our country to the most distant member jai her
extensive empire milions visited the metropolis during this dial day,
and the inhabitants of the City received numerous additions to the
sources of gratification every day unfolting. Great as was this a )(po-
sition of the resources, skill, and industry of all nations, approved and
instructive as were its results, E. MOSES and SON, though they
had little to learn from the styles and fabrics of dress presenfaat 1 in
the World's Show, being connected with all the most celebrated, con
tributors, and engaging the same talent in the manufacture of their
clothing ; yet they had the pleasure of tendering their atten tics n to
thousands who visited their Establishments, and favoured than with
their support : nor were they less gratified by the spoilt an eons
manner in which approbation was manifested towards their ;reat
business undertakings, all based on such a system as gratifies the
observer while it secures the proper advancement of society by
diffusing a correct and elevated taste. This they assert will i the
most substantial proof that they arc giving expression to the s ef,ti-
ments of thousands, who will long remember their business Eslat dish-
ments as the principal attractions of the City. The Glass laalace
E mmayhenceforth be little regarded, or may be entirely removed.; but
MOSES and SON, encouraged by the confidence and patrons ge of
bthouhsands, will endeavour to resider their Establishments attractive
magnificence o theirits
pStock,riee itsprices,
b e adaptationlew
those toot.
any
unparalleled pt a rea eled
elegance,
in the kingdom ; they therefore hail the
y other'Season I Ouse 't
,its
New Year, in the spirit of tradesmen, posted up to the present
in etent t
ha
el all the
Country,commandsto p oyf a
t theiran y
moment
friendsem e
e t and
e
mom,patreennstrtebaed
Cy
ttyo
emr
most appropriate style of dress at the lowest rate, or to give is nme-
diate attention, and, they doubt not, great satisfaction to those
Gentlemen who favour them with their orders in the Bespoke: De-
partment.
For festive occasions they invite en inspection of their elegant
fabrics and most' modern styles. For Winter Wear they recom-
mend, with the highest satisfaction, their endless variety of eiarm
and comfortable dress ; they also request the attention of Gentle-
men whose Sons have returned from school to spend their holidays,
to pay a visit to their City or West End Establishments, and to
select from their varied and immense Stock of Juvenile Dress., which
has the three following ret,uisites combined—Fashion, Durability,
and Cheapness. Nor have they neglected to provide for the Year
1852 every Article in t:e Outfitting Department. Furs, the last
imp
ported from the far-famed hunting stations, manufactured t o the
latest styles, and preserved from the destruction of the moth by a
peculiar process. To particularize Bats, Caps, Hosiery, Foots,
Shoes, &c., &c., &c., is unnecessary.
A visit to E. MOSES and SON'S Establishments in Altigate
and Minories, or New Oxford-street, corner of Hart-street. will
convey some idea of their derermination in reference to tile year
1852. No sacrifice of time, talent, or money, will be considered., No
exertions whirls vigilant and persevering tradesmen can make will
neglected. No opportunity of gratifying the diversified tastes of
their Patrons will be allowed to pass unimproved. But, by massive
outlay of capital, extensive business transactions in the irst
circles of fashion, by unabated zeal in all deportments of their
dailytiloe,mti on nhcerceeasleibnrgittroadf trade, thfleytarle resolved to make such an baapres-
.n
their Friends, Patrons, and the Public, as will ensure to
ontheiehreshaenedraobuletfiditstteireseitnienthtehe'yWhoarlvde
, .
It is their ambitiyo to meainrstaitn
already attained to meet the claims of an improving state of so-
accountthe
ciety ; to extend
benefit of Free Trade ; to turn to that most
profitable
the interchange of nations ; and to incorporate
with these events te
Serviceable
of price on those every day requi-
sites,
etyiceable Dress. In the execution of these
sgiitgeasn,tiEcldeegsaingntsathide ;
senacheered on by the encouragement they
hexapvreeaslsrethadz rheicgehievsetdsenee
of
fn bidding farewell to the Old Year, they
obligation for the support awarded to
their establishments, and hope, eie the close of another year, they
will have the satisfaction of being
vers Illy acknowledged as the cheapest,, asest most they always have been, uni-
Clothiers, Tailors, Outfitters, and Merchantstalented, and unrivalled
in the World.

E. MOSES and SON

and 157, Minories, 83,
44Ltso5n,daonndegit6y,
AI Establishment,cigate, opposite latt,eicesh,art
Loudon West-end Branch, 506, 5e7, 508, moll communicating.
Ind 3, Hart-street, all communicating. "v Oxford-street, 1, I,
Bradford Yorkshire Branch, 19, Uridge.stroat.
Sheffield Branch, 36, Fargate.
Tailors, Clothiers, Batters, Hosiers, Farrier. .Beet
oakeri.and General Outfitters for Ladies and Genuems and Shoe-
The Establishments are closed from sunset Friday in.
ast-rtgs s when business is rearmed till Twelve o'clock ° 6tn"st on
The New Book, entitled " The Exhibition for All
ens,'Nation in
Three Languages, viz.:—English, French, and German, and •ing full directions for self measurement, can be had gratis, _am-
cation, or forwarded post free to any part of the kingdom. " aPPII-
- handsome Almanac, for the year ending 1852, can be had
gratis,
on application.
Ici l'on parle Francais°. Qui el parla Italian.
Hier apricht man Deutsch. Aqui se habla Espanol.

LORD PALMERSTON AND THE BOROUGH OF MARY-
LEBONE.—It is stated that the more influential Reformers of
the important parish of St. Marylebone have resolved to
postpone the public expression of their opinions as to the
removal of Lord Palmerston from the Cabinet until after the
meeting of Parliament, when the real cause for the resigna-
tion of this distinguished nobleman will be made known to
the public, and should it appear that the interference of the
Non hPrn Powers has led to this result, such a demonstration
may be expected as will show the public how truly the
Reformers of St. Marylebone estimate the blessings and
AdValitageg of constitutional freedom.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FROM TIIE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
TIMES.—The dispute between the operative en-
gineers and their employers is tending to a serious
issue, notwithstanding the disclaimer of any coercive
intentions on the part of the men. The society of the
combined trades has declared, both through its coun-
cil and in public meeting., that they do not, and never
did, contemplate the " strike" which was announced
in their names fur the 31st of December. The mas-
ters, however, have now determined that, unless the
society recedes from a position which it still main-
tains, they, in their turn, will cease work on the 10th ;
so that the result, in the event of a non-agreement,
will be the same as if the trades had actually turned
out. To qualify the reader for a judgment on this
decision, we subjoin a succinct exposition of all the
circumstances involved. The whole embroilment
derives itself directly from the transactions which we
recently described as occurring at the factory of
Messrs. Hibbert and Platt, of Oldham, in the course
of last summer. By those proceedings Messrs. Hibbert
and Co. were coerced into an undertaking which sti-
pulated, amongst other provisions, for the abolition of
overtime, and the removal, at this present Christmas,
of certain unskilled hands from the management of
machinery. This undertaking the men still con-
skier as binding, but Messrs. Hibbert and Co.
describe it as nullified by a subsequent breach of
contract on the part of the operatives engaged. We
cannot profess to doubt that, had things gone as were
anticipated, Messrs. Hibbert would either have lost
all their hands co the Ist of this month, or have been
compelled, as in July last, to accede to the terms pro-
posed by the men. On that occasion they failed in
procuring any aid or co-operation from their fellow
employers, and, being unable to stand alone they
were fain to give way. Since, that time, however, other
firms have received corresponding demands on behalf
of the society, and common alarm has at length pro-
duced common action. When, therefore, the period
arrived for Messrs. Hibbert and Co. to make a new
decision they found themselves supported by their
brethren, and resolved on resistance accordingly.
The manufacturing engineers first announced in our
columns their intention to discharge all their hands
in a body if on the 31st of December last (the day on
which Messrs. Hibbert's " agreement" was to come
into operation), the hands of any one factory
should turn out. Next, they proceeded to make
a demand 0/1 their own part, and " required
the unconditional withdrawal" of the notices
served as above mentioned on the several firms.
c.i
Lastly, as no such withdrawal has been made, they
have advertised their intention of losng theirweek.t
works after the expiration of the present
thus appears at a first view of these circumstances
that, elthough the workmen have not only made no
edvance themselves, but have . even disclaimed the
project attributed to them, the masters have assumed
the aggressive and resolved on the very " strike"
which the men declined. But on a further conside-
ration it will be seen that the intent of the resolution
is substantially defensive. The "Amalgamated So-
ciety" have taken up a position with great subtlety.
They own to the designs of abolishing overtime and
piecework, end they have issued circulars " advising"
the trade to conform itself. Thus, as they disavow
for the present any purpose of "striking," and merely
put forth a plausible recommendation, they succeed
in giving an invidious appearance to rigorous mea-
sures on the part of their employers. But the em-
ployers feel that this leaves all the dangers of a
" strike" incessantly suspended over their heads. The
notices requiring the specified concessions are still out,
and any one firm may at any moment find itself
in the position of Messrs. Hibbert and Platt last
July. The society simply " advises" certain doings.
Such " advice" the master cannot receive, and
therefore, as soon as the vigilance of the public is
lulled, some particular firm will be selected for ex-
ample, and will be reduced by a turn-out of its hands
to the alternative of concession or stoppage. As other
firms would, of course, be similarly dealt with, and
other demands infallibly follow on the first, the masters
see they must make a stand, and they thus provoke a
public issue, once for all,, between themselves and a
combination which, whatever inaction it may assume
for the present, has shown itself both prompt to
meddle and powerful to coerce. In the serious aspect
thus given to the proceedings the justification of the
masters mainly depends upon the discoverable cha-
racter of the society which at such hazards they have
resolved to encounter, 'and we have bestowed, there-
fore, some pains on ascertaining the facts of the case.
Mr. W. Newton is against any such inquiries.
He desires that the discussion may be restricted to
the demands, or, to use his own language,
the " advice," now set forth, without reference
to 'the persons who give it or the circumstances
under which it is given. He says, that overtime and
piecework undermine the constitution of the work-
man, degrade his condition, and neutralise all institu-
tions designed for his improvement. He, therefore,
on behalf of the society, "advises the discontinuance'
of these practices, and asks for the support of the
public in his attempt. As to what may have taken
place " months ago," or between particular work-
men and their employers, such matters, he thinks,
" serve only to perplex the question." The public
will not be of this opinion. It will desire to know
what the " Amalgamated Society" is, what are its
rules, what its practical operation, and what, as far as
they can be inferred, its designs. On these points
we can render some assistance to the inquirer. The
society, as its designation intimates, is constituted by
a junction of the several trades' unions connected
with the engineering profession, many of which, now
represented by the "Amalgamated Society," have
been in operation for several years past, and under the
direction of persons now figuring in the "Executive
Council." Originally and ostensibly these constituent
associations were framed for the laudable purpose of
providing against sickness or destitution, but latterly,
and especially since the amalgamation, their action
has been directed to purposes of a very different kind.
In a " preface" which has been added to the old body
of rules it is plainly avowed that the objects of the
consolidated society should include the " regulation
and organization of labour"—a proposition which we
find to mean, that the market of engineering labour
should be restricted as much as possible by resisting
the introduction of any but 6' apprenticed" hands,
and positively preventing the entry of any apprentice
"except in the proportion of one to four journeymen."
The employment by any master of any men except
such as shall be " legal" according to this test of
legality is openly proscribed, and the right of work-
ing engineers to prevent their fellow-countrymen
from working at engineering is described as resem-
hling that of " the physician who holds
_his diploma,
or the author who is protected by hiscopyright.' Such
according to its own showing is the Amalgamated So-
ciety. On referring to the acts and publications of
the " central committee" of these several trades before
their formal amalgamation on the first dsy of last
year, we have evidence in abundance of the true
tendency of their proceedings. The sustenance of
members fairly disabled forms scarcely a noticeable
part of their transactions. Their principal concern
is with the limitation of the labour market as above
mentioned, with the curtailment of personal indepen-
dence in the matter of overtime and piecework, and
with the unconditional maintenance of wages at a
certain height, whatever may be the depression of the
trade. Working engineers, in fact, were to be "pro-
tected" by the terrorism of the society in the receipt
of full salaries, notwithstanding any abundance of
labour or any diminution of profits. If any " new
hand" was heard of as working at any shop for re-
duced wages, his dismissal was ordered, or, failing
compliance, the other bands were " advised to " with-
draw." Similarly, if any workmen accepted a re-
duction of wages en the representation of their em-
ployers, they were " advised," whatever might be
their private satisfaction with the arrangement, to
resist, and in case of refusal were publicly denounced.
What the true value of Mr. Newton's expression is may
be gathered from a circular signed with his own band,
containing the following paragraph :—" We are sorry
to have to complain of four or five individuals who re-
fused to follow our simple advice to leave work when
they had completed an ordinary day's time. Of
course no further confidence could be placed in them,
and from that time they were never treated with, but
left to follow the dictates of their own evil wishes.
. . . . Our trade well knovi how to draw a dis-
tinction between those who honourably stand up for
its interest and support, and those who receive a
bribe of wages in opposition to its wishes." This is
the " advice which no doubt awaited Messrs. Hib-
bert and Platt's men on the 31st of December, and
these are the "advisers" whose monitions the manu-
facturers decline to keep in suspense. We can trace
very clearly in the documents before us a change in
some
eeire legitimate
of the societies. By the influence of
person or
"organizing diverted
labour," and we
from
tpurpose
suspect strongly s rpe
o the puct purpose
that the "amalga-
mation" was brought about with the express design
of so pushing these views as ultimately to bring "the
destinies of the trade" under the " rule" of Mr. New-
ton and his colleagues. As early as Feb. 1850, we find
in a circular also signed by Mr. W. Newton, a strong
einstearnd
oe rf a v r
go c efeodr bengyr
ioevd.
fa,enchcorte nlsf
..mtmosenbad:atrltrei
eod3nr;stsoaendt,
to display a " befitting dignity"
by taking the initiative themselves. After ;his expo-

sition of the doings of a committee virtually identical
with the council of the " Amalgamated Society," the
reader will be less surprised at the determination of
the masters to come to some definite end with such an
int'agonist. As to the particular demands on which
their Stand is taken, they signify but little. In point
Of fact, as .we discerned from the first, the points of
overtime and piecework are urged merely as pretexts
and on grounds disingenuously stated. Mr. Newton
was pleased to talk of the sufferings of the
overworked mechanic, but his own book of rules
describes the obnoxious practice "as being the
cause of much evil through gising, to a number
the privilege of
working more than a legitimate
week's time.' This is precisely vhat we said of the
argument when it was first prpduced. The object of
the society is to dictate the corklitims on which a man
may obtain labour, to prescribe the amount which he
may perform, and to compel the manufacturers, under
any circumstances, to pay certain wages. Even the
Southampton men, it will be seen, merely profess not
to require the" immediate" dismissal of " labourers,"
and Mr. Newton's denial on this !mint was similarly
limited to his "present" intentions. We cannot doubt
that the society did intend to exact the fixed conces-
sions from Messrs. .Elibbert, and afterwards to pro-
ceed with other firms and further demands. In this
they have been foiled, and as their purposes were
manifestly inconsistent with the freedom and prospe-
rity of trade, and not only that, but, as our corre-
spondence shows, of doubtful lsgali'y into the bargain,
we trust the great body of thoae intelligent and wel:
paid operatives will take a les from the event and
keep for the future a shire= eye 'on their Council-and
their funds.

POST.—When the close of last year's session re-
leased the Parliament from weary debates, more irk-
some and laborious in their progress than productive
in their results, the Government was left entrusted to
a Cabinet which held its place, perhaps, on honour-
able, but, in a country such as this, certainly on sin-
gular grounds. Broken up by internal discord, and
recoiling from external pressure, this Ministry had
fallen to
pieces—had failed in an attempt at recon-
struction on what is called a " widened basis"—and
finally, though it hardly professed much hope of
doing well, had been reinstated in its old form, plainly
and avowedly because, at the moment, there was no
other that could honestly undertake to do better.
Since we are coming so near the day when the Go-
vernment must face a Parliament raised by the Pre-
mier's own words to a considerable height of expec-
tation, guarded by no such safety-valve as the Great
Exhibition, it may not be unprofitable to glance back
at the Ministerial crisis of 1851, to examine the ma-
terials of strength and the sources of weakness which
that event exposed, and so to estimate, in some
degree, the Ministerial possibilities of 1852.
After Lord Derby had declined to attempt an Ad-
ministration—on a second summons had failed to
make one ; after he and Lord John had successively
tried in vain to attract to themselves some of those
loose and anomalous bodies, called for want of a
better name, Peelites, on what ground of strength
in one party, on what confession of weakness in
the other, was Lord John Russell encouraged to
resume his post ? Why was Lord Derby forced
conscientiously to decline office ? The great diffi-
culty, said Lord Derby, was to find a man whom
he could trust with the foreign relations of England.
This was a necessity which he could not meet. So
the Russell Cabinet came in, and stayed in, be-
cause, in the most important and hazardous depart-
ment of the administration of the day, it had the
services of a Minister whose great powers even the
Government organs are forced to confess without re-
serve, aed whose great services to Government and
to the country have been so inexplicably requited.
It 'is not our business to assign any origin to the
extraordinary event—as yet perfectly unexplained—
which, if it do not bring an entirely new Cabinet
before the Parliament, so soon to re-assemble, will
place Lord John Russell and his Treasury Bench
in as strange a dilemma as ever Ministry was called
on to face. But it is not explanation only that will
be demanded from the Premier and his Administra-
tion. To quote the well-known words of a great
authority," The Queen's Government must be car-
ried on." That task will be no light one. There is
not one of the vexed questions of past years which the
enemies of England will not now hasten to revive and
excite, in order to profit by the evident weakness of
her. Cabinet as at presenteeponstituted. How are the
evident and inevitable difflatlties'orthe time—foreign
and domestic—to be met and dealt with ? By the
same policy that has been so successful under Lord
Palmerston, say the journals supposed to speak from
authority. A curious admission indeed, and not
likely, if it were true, to render some explanations that
must' be given either more easy, or more honourable.
But the slightest examination will be enough to expose
this pretence of continuing our late wise and powerful
foreign policy as a flimsy thing hung up to conceal the
truth. It is far less difficult to show reasons for fearing
that a course so necessary for England's good must
be impossible under present circumstances than to
discover grounds for hoping that it may be carried
out. If the Cabinet were to stand as it is the very
material for such a work would be wanting. We
have no inclination to detract from the reputed ability,
and no wish to underrate the promise of the young
nobleman who at present holds the seals of the Fo-
reign-office, nor have we ever failed to acknowledge
the energy and cleverness of the Premier, but it will
be long before either one or the other gain that mas-
tery over the complicated relations of the great world
of politics by which England has held so high a place
—respected, honoured, and obeyed in her peaceful
arbitration. The attempt of these weaker and less
experienced Ministers to carry out the wide views
which their predecessor had founded on extended
knowledge and unmatched experience, would be not
unlike some of
the experiments in Chinese warfare,
-
such as that of bringing against our ships of war what
seemed steamers, inwhichform was exactly
every
copied, and nothing in fact was wanting but the motive
power. All the outside of our late foreign policy may be
fairly presented to Parliament by the new diteetors of
that important department of the State, but, in the
absence of stronger guarantees of independent power
than we have yet seen, we must believe that, were the
present state of things continued, England would have
to fall back for aid and support in England's course,
as to foreign relations, on statesmen who ask no better
than to guide where they have been forced by a supe-
rior intelligence to follow. But it were waste of time
to speculate further on a future which every observer
knows to be an impossibility. The Cabinet, it is uni-
versally admitted, will not stand in its present form.
It must do now what it tried End failed to do lest year.
It must take in new members from a new party or sec-
tion, or, according to the jargon of the day, must
ii widen its basis." The materials of administration
which it could not gain, or would not submit to, last
year, and no other materials, are still in the political
market ; but now, as then, they are not to ba had for
nothing. In what single particular are the difficulties re-
moved which prevented the desired junction of last year?
On what possible grounds can the Russell Cabinet
hope to continue a week in office after abandoning
the only points on which they were forced to appeal,
as being the Government of necessity, to a loyal and
patriotic support, which alone carried them through a
session easy and smooth compared to the one we are
expecting. Those points were the vindication of
England's independence from Papal aggression at
home, and the peaceful maintenance of her guarantees
and obligations abroad. A Government widened by
Peelite additions would not carry measures which
England had been promised, and
which she absolutely
demanded. Lord John Russell's .
5 strength in the
country rested last session on his large promises and
noble sentiments on the subject of the Papal Bill.
How will he stand if, to widen his basis, he consent to
let those large promises and noble sentiments end
in nothing better than a law for the encouragement
of Papal aggression ? With a Ministry that shrinks
from enforcing its penalties, it will deserve no better
title, and will have no less mischievous effects. Yet
there can be no doubt that the same motives which
made Sir James Graham, and those who more or less
think with him, the Pope's humble servants in the
past year, would keep them as his useful ministers in
the present. The same obstacles that made the Peelite
junction and a law to protect the Queen's prerogative
incompatible objects, would no less make the same
junction incompatible with the honest working of that
measure. If this sacrifice of a necessary law be once
made, there is an end of all hope for many a day of
giving prosperity to Ireland : there is a renewal, and a
long one, of the most fruitful source of
all her misery, the supremacy of the priesthood
over the law. And not in Ireland alone would
the ruin of at cowardly retreat be felt. It would
be a triumph to the most mischievous and truly re-
volutionary body in the world—a heavy blow to the
honour and consideration of England. In foreign
affairs it would be no less impossible for any Cabinet
that should admit one grain of the miserable Aber-
deen narcotic into its composition, to act the bold, in•
dependent, and impartial part that carried us proud
and scatheless through the troubles of 1848. Such is
the dilemma to which we are rapidly coming. With
a change of Cabinet such as is rumoured, we cannot
but have a change of policy at home and abroad. In
1,
abandoning, as it must do, the materials of support
and grounds of confidence on which Lord John has
hitherto relied, the party-coloured Government that
we are threatened with must look in A new direction

for support and concurrence. In the only direction to
which the experiments of this probable attempt at
Government aro likely to lead, we see nothing but
(bingo., such as we doubt whether any composition or
compromise with Democracy that the Premier may
devise will be able either to avert or to deal with.

THE ARCTIC EXPEDITION.

EVIDENCE OF CAPTAIN

AUSTIN, C.B.

(Continued from The Sun of Thursday.)
Chairman—That completes that part of your evi-
dence. You say that those parts having been examined
by such and such parties, nothing more could be done
in that direction ? Captain Austin continued—All
returned unhappily without traces of the missing ex-
pedition. Having maturely weighed and considered
the matter I now felt that all had been done that could
be done to the westward and south-westward of the
Wellington Channel. I must say I became very
anxious at this :period to be able to make known
generally what was to be the plan of future operations.
At the earliest moment I sent my tract chart to Cap-
tain Penny who was away, and to Sir John Ross,
During this period I had occupied my mind with
plans for going overland incase of hearing from par-
ties coming in from Captain Penny, so that in the
event of anything being found I might send a party
across the land at the head of the bay ' • my calculations
were that, taking the best people I had, Imust devote
three weeks in order to do it. I mean to say I would send
across the head of the bay surveyed by Mr. MD ougall.
I had reports, and I suppose that I must have something
from Sir John Ross, or some of the parties con-
nected with Captain Penny, who bad gone to the
westward. Perhaps I had batter tell exactly what I
felt. If it had not been for delicacy in the one case,
and having a doubt about land travelling at the time
of the year, I might have made an attempt to cross
there; but that would have been mere hydrography,
and would not have accomplished my object. I
thought, also, that it would be going over ground my
colleague was doing, and that I had better wait till
he returned, having the full determination in my mind
that I would never allow a word to pass by which it
might be inferred that I had any intention of return-
ing to England. It was well known that I had deter-
mined on waiting till Captain Penny returned.
Captain Penny returned about 25th July, and I re-
ceived a note from him but no official letter. That
note, with other things which occurred to me, fully
impressed me that the search had been carefully
made, that no traces had been found, and that so far
as the sea was spoken of it was not a navigable sea.
The note I received from Captain Penny was as
follows :

" August 4, 1851.

"Dear Sir—Your first note, written on board the
Lady Franklin, escaped my notice by some overlook
for four days ; the language it conveys is sufficient
apology to any generous-minded man, however much
his feeling had been injured by expressions and
marked, neglect.
" And believe me, Austin, when I state it, that
Penny has been all his lifetime accustomed to speak
the language of the heart.
" You, as well as myself, have very great reason to
be thankful to our Maker for His manifold mercy to
us and all those under our command for the high state
of health they enjoy after an arduous and prolonged
duties (sic).
" The result of my boat expedition as far as the fate
of Sir John and the brave men under his command
are satisfactory, for what other conclusion could we
arrive at after visiting Duck Island and Bird head-
lands with hundreds of nests, and no trace,—likewise
water about these islands for two months, and latterly,
beyond the pack ice nothing but water as far as the
eye could reach from the highest mountain ; but the
fearful rate the tide runs (not less than six knots)
through the sounds that divide the channel renders it
dangerous even for a boat, much more so a ship, unless
clear of ice, which from the appearance of the ice
here will not be clear this season.
" The conclusion I have arrived at after what has
passed under my observation is to return to England
after I have had an interview with you.
_ _ .

" Poor Lady Franklin, and the friends of those
brave men whose fate will ever remain in oblivion:!
Was it not a strong conviction of my sense of duty,
the very thought of meeting any one of them with-
out intelligence would almost tempt me to another
winter.—l remain yours sincerely,
(Signed) WILLIAM PENNY.
" Captain H. T. Auatin."
Endorsement in pencil.
" Received by Captain St. Sophia, the 11th August,
Monday, at anchorage off Penny's winter quarters,
just before anchoring."
Chairman—You received that letter on the 11th of
August ? Captain Austin—Yes ; it was received by
me on the 11th of August.
Sir E. Parry—Was that endorsement placed on it
at the time ? Captain Austin—Yes; it was not
touched from that time until it was taken out on our
return.

Sir E. Parry—How do you account for the delay
between the 4th of August, which date the letter
bears, and the 11th of August, when you received it ?
Captain Austin—My impression why I did not re-
ceive the letter for a week was, that the party in-
trusted with it could not reach me. There was an
attempt on the part of Captain Penny to reach me at
Griffith Island, although an engineer came from
Captain Penny's vessel after his return, and also after
that again the Esquimaux, Adam Beck, came over
the ice. At the same time my first lieutenant, who
was on board Captain Penny's ship, did not come,
and there was therefore considerable difficulty—that
is to say, that the first lieutenant of the Resolute was
on board the Lady Franklin when Captain Penny
returned from his second trip. Oa the 11th of
August I came to the winter quarters of Captain
penny ; Captain Stewart was on board. I cannot
trust my memory for details of my visit. Captain
Stewart came on board. My belief is, he gave me
that private note and also au official letter from
Captain Penny with an outline chart. Why I say I
believe this is that it will be before you on record, and
therefore that will determinip it. It will be pro-
duced. This is the letter :
" Her Majesty's brig, Lady Franklin, Assistance
1851.
" Sir,—l forward search by the expe-
dition under my charge. There are no traces of her
Bay ;n August
Majesty's ships Erebus and Terror further than a bit
outline 4
of,
of English elm. As soon as I am at liberty I will
come to Griffith Island and wait an interview.

" I have the honour to be, Sir,
" Your most obedient servant,
" WILLIAM PENNI%
" To Captain Horatio T. Austin, C. 8.,
commanding her Majesty's ship
Resolute and the Expedition to the
Arctic."

Endorsement.—" Received on the 11th of August,
dated the 4th of August, 1851, on the arrival of the
Resolute, at the winter quarters of Captain Penny's
expedition."
Captain Austin continued—Shortly after Captain
Stewart delivered this letter Commander Phillips and
the first lieutenant of the Resolute came on board.
Sir John Ross came on board i that is to say, Sir
John Ross and Captain Penny were in my cabin
of the Resolute together, as far as I believe ;
that is my impression. There was conversation
going on between Captain Penny and myself and Sir
John Ross, all connected with the search of the Wel-
lington Channel, all connected with the service which
was at our hearts, I believe. Captain Ommanney
came on board. My impression is, that I could not
reason with Captain Penny. I could not get any-
thing that was satisfactory. It was a sort of rambling
conversation of which I could not make nothing. Sir
John Ross and Captain Ommanney
more of the affair than I can. This I am quite_ pre-
more
to recollect, that when Captain Penny left tnse.
ship I went to the side and endeavoured in every phoim
sible way to be polite and attentive, and to cause
rank•
to be treated in the manner which his position
Dny,
de-
manded. I could not but say to Captain. O.
time one
to
e John t e r r
1 nt
rno chti?o l dis,
"Did you see Penny's conduct to me' Ise
lbut n 18"
mentioned the circumstance to any bid Ca
expedition of Sir John
tressing ?" I was pained in tahnedeiint.remernhiary,ge
oeftve.arn
Ommanney. Now with respect to t
sbrigseLarabcdhyyin:Fy
Herofc aApltaajienstryc'elsensruhkyi
lin, the date of it w
13,0 llth August."
ich I
Resolute, off the winter quer-
a s
.rfnlalsrne r the'
follows
o Captain —
W. renny, her Ma-
sent to Captain Penny, requiring lii_q? to state to me
officially
tatihne
Areussutlitnoftohcisaspetaariaoh for-
jeexpeditionst Y '
Franklin.
of the Resolute. I cannot at
expedition,
Austincatnillidlelkd dined first, but my im-
pressionMy belief is that this
ter‘csi
Cap-
remained on board with me. Mr.
that
a Captainl
l y three;
letter
LtaCaptaineinw ai
ps
taiwasn
was
Ommanney set
Ommanneyn te
this moment remember the hour, that is, whether
Ommanney
o of couarnsde Ii
ndti
this
iesd
to-
gether from about three to four o'clock. My dinner
ser-
vice I took it when I required it, to sustain me.
Dinner being over, it was arranged that we should
go and pay a complimentary visit to Captain Penny
and Sir John Ross. We proceeded on board the
hour was
Lady Franklin, and in the cabin were assembled
isg
ene
Captain Penny, Captain Stewart, Captain Ommanney,
and myself. I said to Captain Penny, " Now Fenn,'

let us set aside all feeling," or words to that effect.
We are going home non-successful. Depend upon
it we shall be called upon closely," or words to that
effect. "It is now necessary that we should take
upon ourselves a certain amount of responsibility, and
there must be a little official correspondence pass be-.
tween you and me. You sea that I have told you
that I am satisfied, after mature consideration, with
what bas been done by my own officers, and it is now
for you to tell me in some way what you think of
your work," or words to that effect.
Chairman—You state that you received an outline
chart from Captain Penny
communicatmg his disco-
veries. Did you communicate your exploring opera-
tions to him ? Captain Austin—Directly after my
exploring parties came in I son; to Sir John Ross
and Clptain Penny with a view of informing them
of what had been done, and eliciting from them at
the earliest opportunity what they bad accomplished.
The date of my communication was the 4th of July,
1851.

Chairman—How soon after that did you receive
Captain Penny's outline chart ? Captain Austin—
I received it on the 11th of August.
Captain Austin continued—Captain Penny then, I
think, said, " Oh, I have answered that," and turned
to the back of the cabin and-gave me a letter. I
opened the letter and found it was not at all an answer
to the questions I put. He gave me the letter which
he has now put in. Until I saw that letter here I
forgot it, for I never noticed it in any other way than
that I have mentioned.

The letter was as follows:
" Assistance Bay; I 1 th AugulA, 1851;
" Sir,—l have this moment received your dispatch.
I beg to state that you have already my chart and
expressed opinions, which I again send you in
writing; i. e. that I have not found any trlce other-
wise than a bit of elm, which you hive seen, and I
can only judge when I see Wellington Channel what
course I will then pUrsue.
"My orders are such as would not justify me in
passing another winter i❑ the Arctic seas. _

"I have the honour to be, Sir, your most obedient
servant,

" WILLIAM PENNY.
"To Captain Austin, her Majesty's ship Re-
solute, and in charge of her Majesty's Ex-
pedition in search of Sir J. Franklin."
Captain Austin continued—l took this letter, and
I said, " This is not a reply to my question;" and I
believe I put it in my pocket. After reasoning a
little Captain Penny became more cool ; and I then
took the letter out and said, " Well, I do not mean to
say that if the Wellington Channel was opened, and
I believe that two days would accomplish it, that I
would not proceed up with a steamer and get some
soundings, some angles and observations.' But I
said, "Penny, I will tell you what; if you will tell
me, and give me from under your hand that you are
satisfied with the work you have performed, I will not
go up the Wellington Channel. Geography is not
our object, and, therefore, I should tell you I am
satisfied if you are satisfied ; but if you give me this
letter I must write to you again, and it will not be
satisfactory before the public that we are altercating,"
or something to that effect. I am ready to declare that
I gave that letter to Captain Penny again. I cannot say
he was unwilling to receive it; I do not know. How I
was able to maintain myself as an officer and a gentle-
man under the circumstances I cannot tell. I then
said to Captain Penny, " Now reflect, as soon as you
give me your answer you may rely upon it that I
shall not look over your work, and you will then know
what are my plans for the future." I then bade him
good bye, land went on board the Felix. Sir John
Ross had been kind enough to supply us with five tons
of coals, and my anxiety to get them on board kept
me there a little longer than I might otherwise have
been. On returning to the ship I passed with Captain
Ommanney under the stern of the Lady Franklin.
Captain Penny was on deck, and, I believe, kindly
asked me to come on board. I said, "No, I thank
you." Several of our officers were on board, and I
think I said to Captain Ommaney, " All I want is his
reply, and if we go on board it will only delay us. I
have reasoned with him, and the sooner I get on board
the better." I said to Captain Ommanney, " You
must remain on board, because I shall have an answer
to that letter, for till that comes not a word can I say
as to what we are going to do." I must refer to the
notes I made at that time. I waited up until
midnight for Captain Penny's answer. Being
much fagged, I went to bed. Captain Om-
manney was on board the Resolute until midnight,
when I requested him to go to his ship. Previous
to going to bed I wrote a note to Captain Penny,
most kindly, for an official answer. The substance is
this :—First of all, the note was very kindly written,
appealing to Captain Penny as an active and ener-
getic Arctic navigator for a reply to my official letter.
I impressed upon his mind that the expedition I was
charged with was lying in that bay in the midst of
straggling ice. At that time I did not know but that
I was going to remain cut another winter. Up to
that moment I meant to say that not a soul had any
reason to expect that he was to go to England before
I bad a satisfactory answer from Captain Penny;
therefore it was a very anxious moment for me from
the time I came on board the Resolute. At two
o'clock on the morning of the 12th of August, 1851,
Captain Penny's reply came on board ; .at that time I
was really too tired to get up and close my report.
The following is Captain Penny's reply :
"Assistance Bay, Aug. 11, 1851.
" Sir,—Your question is easily answered. My
opinion is, Wellington Channel requires no further
search ; all has been done in the power of man to ac-
complish, and no trace has been found. What else
can be done ?

" I have the honour to be, your most obedient
servant,

" WM. PENNY."

Captain Austin continued—Shortly after the receipt
of this letter, the Lady Franklin and Sophia were
making preparations to move. I sent a letter to Cap-
tain Penny, dated " Her Majesty's ship, Resolute, off
Captain Penny's winter quarters, 12th April, 1851."

It was as follows : -
" Sir,—l beg leave to acknowledge the receipt of
your letter making known to me the result of the
search in Wellington Strait by the expedition under
your charge. I have now to inform you that I do
not consider it necessary to prosecute (even if practi-
cable) a further search in that direction, with the ex-
pedition under my orders. It is now my intention to
proceed to attempt the search of Jones's Sound.
" I have the honour to be, Sir,
" Your obedient servant,
Captain Austin continued—On sending tbis. letter
on board I sent also my compliments, I toigenrk by Mr.
MiDougall, the second master, with
an
nclosed to tow
the brigs out by the steamers. I
John
the re-
port for the Admiralty for Sir Ross, and wrote
accompanying it, yan offer
closed, and
he was taken in tow, and proceeded, the Sophia
and
Lady Franklin having previouslysailed
to him privately, telling him
out. We
proceeded to the eastward, the wind being very light.
onhA .nx IR°
oTs.3 A
virt o
et ocwamheimupinwitthhe Felix.the a
dSty‘irllJ°
Franklin and Sophia,
and I went on board the Lady prankliti with my
show-
ing the proceedings of the expedition under
my care.
Sir E. Parry—ln Captain penny's letter to you of
the 11th of August, 151, and
report, and an outline chart
put
that day by him in the cabin of -
P into your hands
the Lady Franklin,
he speaks of his chart, and expressed opinions, which
he again sends you .
in writing ; now I want to know
what opinions those were that Captain Penny bad be-
fore expressed to ou ? C
it refers to Captain Penny'stain Austin—l suppose
letter of the 4th of
August, 1851,
11th of
August.
Sir E. Parr P y-:- reviously to Captain Penny put-
ting that letter into your hands on the 11th of Au-
gust, had he ever expressed an opinion to you that
you ought to go up Wellington Strait? Captain
Austin—Never, to the best of my belief.
Sir E. Parry—Can you conjecture what Captain
Penny meant by the following expression in his
letter of the 11th of August, put into your hand—
" and I only can judge when I see Wellington Chan-
nel what course I will then pursue?" Captain Aus•~
tin—No, not any more than I can of much more
that passed in conversation between Captain Penny
and myself.
Captain Austin continued—l came up to the Lady
Franklin and Sophia, and went on board with my
chart and report to the Secretary of the Admiralty.
Captain Ommanney joined. I was most guarded in
what I said and did. Captain Penny was quite dis-
satisfied. He said something about—had I not heard
or understood from some of my officers that we had
not got clear, meaning of our frozan-in position, he
intended waiting until the 13th of August for us.
I replied, " Certainly it had never been intimated to
me ; but I was quite satisfied he would have been
ready to help us if he could." In the presence cf
Captain Ommanney I said " Penny, I suppose it
would be a bad compliment to ask you if we can give
you anything," meaning provisions or anything of
that sort, " although I cannot say we are off, meaning
going home." He expressed something in reply,
which Ido not recollect; but his manner was so un-
pleasant that I cannot recollect what he said, After
trying to be civil, and getting his letter, I took my
leave.
Chairman—you are aware of the evidence which
mV
plans,Wit:B.ll7."