The Sun.
London, England, 1863-12-01 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 1, 1863

KINAHAN'S LL WHISKY v. COGNAC
BRANDY.
This celebrated Old IRI6II WHISKY rivals the finest
FRENCH BRANDY,
It i, Pure, Mild, Mellow, Delicious, and very Wholesome.
Sold in Bottles, 3s. Bd., at the Retail Houses in London ; by
the Agents In the principal towns in England; or wholesale
at

8, GREAT WINDMILL-STREET, W.
Observe the Red Seal, Pink Label, and Cork branded
"Kinahan's LL Whisky."

Naval and Military Intelligence.

THE NAVY.

The last of the plates with which the exterior of
the iron frigate Achilles is covered was successfully
fixed in its place yesterday afternoon, and the
vessel is now encased throughout in armour-plates
from stem to stern, the number of plates being 338,
and their aggregate weight upwards of 1,000 tons.
The plates vary in thickness from 4lin. on the
broadsides to 3in, at the stern. On Saturday Mr.
E. J. Reed, the chief constructor of the navy,
visited Chatham Dockyard, accompanied by Mr.
R. Abethell, from the Admiralty, and spent some
time in inspecting nearly every part of the Achilles.
The frigate is so far advanced in her construction
that she will be in all respects ready to leave the
dock on the 24th inst., provided there is sufficient
water to float her out on that date.

The screw steam sloop Royalist, 11, left Ply-
mouth Sound on Saturday evening for her deetina-

The screw steam gunboat Leveret, 3 (tender to
the Dauntless), from Southimpton, with men, ar-
rived•at Plymouth on Sunday.
The screw steam frigate Constance, 50, advanced
to the first division of the steam reserve, was re-
moved yesterday from the Prince's Dock in Devon-
port-yard, and placed at the North Jetty to com-
plete her fitment.
Her Majesty's ships Conqueror and Waterloo are
appointed to call at Plymouth to embark seamen
and marines for distribution on the China station.
The transport Colgrain, from London, with troops
for Algoa Bay, was off Plymouth on Sunday.
His Imperial French Majesty's line-of battle ship
Entreprenante, bound up channel, was off Plymouth
on Sunday. Wind, south-east.
An Admiralty order has been received at Chat-
ham dockyard as well as the whole of the other
naval establishments at that port to be closed on
the day after Christmas. Their lordships have
directed that the day thus granted is to be made
up by the mechanics and artisans working over-
time.
The War Department transport Marlborough
went alongside the Ordnance-wharf, Chatham, yes-
terday, and commenced shipping the Armstrong
and other guns for the screw corvette Fawn, 17,
100 horse power, which is being fitted for the first
division of the steam reserve, in readiness for im-
mediate commission.

The following appointments were made yesterday
at the Admiralty :—Commander George Palmer to
the Aurora; Commander W. A. Smith to the Royal
Adelaide ; Lieut. Lord Charles T. M. D. Scott to
the Victoria and Albert, vice Parry; and W. F.
Woods, clerk, supernumerary, to the Fisgard.

than to take a long journey by rail in the Con-
federacy. The passenger, once started for Atlanta,
will before he arrives there, although the distance
is only 130 miles, probably have time for exten-
sive self-communion. Upon my journey up, and
upon my journey down, I was, in each instance,
two nights and the better part of two days in the
train ; but I have heard of luckless passengers who
passed four days and nights in the cars, and who, if
they had started for Atlanta on foot, Might reason-
ably have expected to get there on their own legs
more quickly than they were actually delivered by
steam, without the misery of passing four nights in
a box-car. It will be imagined that a passenger's
sufferings for food are much the same as he would
expect if he took a trip into Timbuctoo. Parched
corn—that is to say, maize fried or browned in a
skillet or frying-pan, at some shanty by the side of
the track—commands a fabulous price. A tin cup
full of water is worth more than champagne in a
French cafe ; a little bit of cold beefsteak, and a
morsel of corn bread, are given away by a charitable
quartermaster (who is pretty sure to have with him
a fair share of creature comforts) as though he were
distributing diamonds. Eventually you are pretty
sure to arrive at Atlanta at four in the morning. A
train starts for Augusta, the haven of all your
hopes, at six. You rush through the Cimmerian
obscurity of the streets to the Provost-Marshal's
to get your pass vise, run all the risks of
plunging headlong into the cellars or into the ex-
cavation made for the foundation of a house, and
at last weary, filthy, hungry, thirsty beyond ex
pression, you embark for Augusta, the possessor of
all the comforts I have described. It will be
imagined that a moderate hotel is under the cir-
cumstances classed in your mind with the Claren-
don, or the Matropole at Geneva, or any of the most
famous hostelries known to you on earth.
It seems to me hardly possible that these two
great antagonistic Western armies can lie much
longer in their present position. I believe that the
Federals would be well satisfied to winter at Chat-
tanooga, and to make it the base for their spring
campaign, if they possessed the railroad which
comes in frem the West, and communicates with
Bridgeport ; but from this they are entirely inter-
cepted by the Confederate possession of Lookout
alonntain, which not only dominates the railroad
running at its base, on the same side of the Ten-
nessee River as the mountain itself, but also enables
the Southern sharpshooters to make the road on the
other side of the Tennessee so hot as to be impassable
for waggons in the daytime. It is my belief that Gen.
Bragg's great object in adhering to his present posi-
tion is to make the Federal tenure of Chattanooga
during the winter without Lookout Mountain an im-
possibility. But if I am not mistaken, he will have to
fight somewhere, or to relax his grip on the moun-
tain. Your readers will have learnt, long before the
arrival of this letter, thatGen.Rosencranz has joined
the noble army of decapitated Federal generals, and
that Gen. Grant now reigns in his stead. A month
ago I should have thought that the loss of Gen.
Rosencranz to the Federals was tantamount to the
gain by the Confederates of the two great victories
in the field; but, considering his inexplicable
strategy before the battle of Chicamauga, and his
manifest want of ability as regards handling his
troops on the battlefield, it is hard to maintain that
the prevailing opinion about him held in the Con-
federate army by every one except Gen. Bragg, and
which likens him to Gen. Pope, is not correct. The
substitution of Gen. Grant makes it more than ever
likely that the communication with Chattanooga
from the west—by the railroads which run from
Nashville and Memphis to Stevenson (close to Bridge-
port), and meeting there, sweep on together to Chat-
tanooga—will, if possible, be forcibly opened by the
Federals. For come time past one corps of Gen.
Grant's army has been busily engaged in repairing
the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, which has
long been unavailable to either belligerent, and by
which Grant obviously desires to throw Federal
reinforcements in from the Mississippi River. A
body of Confederate cavalry, under Gene: al Stephen
D. Lee, have done their utmost to obstruct the
Federal labourers, and but for another move of
General Grant's, there is reason to think the efforts of
General Stephen D. Lee would have been seconded
by the army of General Jaseph E. Johnston, which
would have moved up from Enterprise, in Mississippi,
with this object. But in order to engage General
Johnston's attention, General Grant instructed
another corps of his army—that commanded by
Macpherson, who is an eminent military engineer,
and one of the best officers in the Federal service—
to strike in upon Canton, to the north of Jackson, so
as to withdraw notice from the Memphis and
Charleston Railroad. It is certain that in his opera-
tions against General Macpherson,General Johnston
has had the best of it; but whether the latter has
cleared the country of the Federals sufficiently to
admit of his going northwards and joining Stephen
D. Lee, lam unable to say. Another indication
that the Fedcrals are in earnest about connecting
Chattanooga with the Mississippi River may be
found in the fact that they are steadily persevering
in rebuilding the bridge across the Tennessee at
Bridgeport, a long and massive structure, which was
destroyed long ago by General A. Sydney Johnson
when he fell back from Bowling-green before the
battle of Shiloh. Altogether it seems to me pro-
bable that General Bragg will have to fight
another great battle before Christmas upon ground
somew here between his present position and Bridge-
port. In addition to General S. D. Lee's cavalry
there is another largo body of Confederate horse-
men somewhere in Northern Alabama, which has
recently returned from its successful ride under
General Wheeler round Rosencranz's rear, and which
will make itself again felt before long. The disposi-
tion of the Western Federal forces since the decapi-
tation of Rosencranz is, if I am not mistaken, some-
thing as follows : —At Vicksburg, and operating
towards Canton, is the corps of General Macpher-
son; along the line of the Memphis and Charleston
Railroad are two heavy divisions—one of them,
General Sherman's, engaged in protecting the work-
men who are repairing the line; at Stevenson, in
Alabama, an important point, being, as I have
said, the junction of the two railroads from
Nashville and Memphis, and a kind of depot for
the army at Chattanooga, is General Hooker,
with at least one, or, as some think, two Federal
corps; at Chattanooga is General Thomas, with,
in all probability,
at least four corps under him ;
at London, halfway between
and Chat-
tanooga, is a small force of
100 y p Knoxville
kees, which ha
lately suffered the loss of anrisoners by a suc-
s
cessful dash on them of Confederate .
cavalry under
Colonel Dibrell ;at Knoxville General Burnside,
with probably two corps under him. The disposi-
tion of Western Confederate forces exhibits the
large army of General Braigtg,exwhhiibeihts faaleseos
General
Thomas in Chattanooga ,
acting against Macpherson,
Johnston at Enterpri
Joneslt inseelmVesstteorineraVbilrygieneiar-,
and General Samuel
acting against Burnside•
woo will be made by either
party in the i
tain that no serious
immediate
diate neighbourhood of Chatta-
nooga, but thatl the points of collision will most
likely be in the neighbourhood of Stevenson and of
London. But during the
last month I have seen so
clearly the difficulties which beset an advancing
army on either side in such a country:that it is im -
to regret that an opportunity
possible not battleoubposs offered to the
such as the of Chicamauga
and
have dis osed of which would, if rightly seized,
Confederates, a
half their embarrassments, should
p thrown away. That great
have been so deplo.l'ab, IY
the Federals to hold the line
efforts will be mad© ja
am Knoxville to Bridge-
of the Tennessee River tI,
port, and the line of the Men,L'hi!s and Charleston
s s
jppi
River,
Railroad from Bridgeport to the Iv- _ male of
will be palpable to all who are at the e abe
casting a glance at a good map. If the writ
terminated upon the uti possidetis principle, the
possession of this line will aFs,gu to the Federals
the whole of Tennets,,ce And Kentucky; secondly,

if the war continues, it js of the highest important
to exclude the Confederates from the nitre caves
and coal and copper mines of Eastern Tennessee.
Twelve months ago the loss of this region would
have been most momentous to the South. At pre-
sent, with upwards of 1,000 pieces of field artillery
of their own manufacture or import in their hands,
and with all the pieces taken from their enemy,
which cannot fall greatly short of 1,000 more, it is
obvious that the loss of copper, needed for the
manufacture of their favourite 12 pounder Napoleon
gun, will not be severely felt by the Confederates,
even though it should prove permanent.
• I was surprised to find, during my recent visit to
General Bragg's camp, unmistakeable evidence that
the field artillery of the Western Confederate army I
is superior to that of the army recently commanded
by General Rosencranz. Among the 50 guns cap-
tured by the Confederates at Chicamauga there is a
large number of 6 pounders, which have long ago
been condemned by the Confederate ordnance
authorities as too small for field service, and which
have altogether disappeared from General Lee's
army in Virginia. A few 6 pounders are still in
the service of General Bragg's army, but they
have almost disappeared, and are being replaced
by the 12 pounder Napoleon. Probably by next
spring the 6 pounders will have been altogether
banished from the Confederate armies, and will be
found doing duty along the banks of the Mississippi,
a service for which their lightness admirably adapts
them. I was struck by the superior organisation of
the artillery in General Lee's as compared with
that in General Bragg's army. It is true that upon
neither side has the artillery been so great a feature
in these Western battles as it has in the battles of
Virginia. But the organisation and distribution of
the artillery, not into batteries of four or six guns,
but into battalions, which comprise four or five bat-
teries, or, in other words, 20 guns, has worked ad-
mirably in Virginia, and was, I believe, chiefly the
result of General Longstreet's advice. The battery
organisation is still retained in General Bragg's
army, except in that portion of it which is under
the command of General Longstreet. In General
Lee's army to each corps are assigned five bat-
talions of artillery, or, in round numbers, 100 guns,
whereof two battalions are held in reserve. It will
be imagined that in the gigantic battles of this con-
tinent, which extend over miles, and are contested
by enormous armies, very little effect is produced
by the opening of a battery of four or six guns. But
the simultaneous discharge of 18 or 20 guns in a
well chosen position has never failed to make itself
sensibly felt; and to a measure of this kind—l mean
the opening by General Buckner of 12 pieces upon
the Federal cclumn, which during the battle of
Chicamauga was thrown from the Federal left to
the Federal right—General Longstreet mainly
attributes the success which he gained on that day.
I shall defer until my return to Richmond any
comments upon the recent operations by which
General Lee has run General Meade into his rat
holes before Washington, and has broken up the
Orange and Alexandria Railroad (recently rebuilt
by the Federals) for many miles. But I may re-
mark, en passant, that October, 1863, does not seem
to have done more for the Federals than October,
1862, the first month which I passed within the
limits of the Confederacy. Inaction or retreat have
been every where the characteristics of their warfare,
nor can it be shown that Gen. Gilmore is at this
hour one whit nearer to the reduction of Charleston
than he was 100 days ago. lam assured that the
defensive works upon Sullivan's Island have grown
as rapidly as the Federal works for offence upon Morris
Island, and not one man in the insurrectionary States
seems now to entertain any fears that Charleston,
even though burnt to the ground, will ever pass out
of the Confederate grasp. Huge reinforcements,
we are told, have joined the Federal armies in the
West, and they are trumpeted to the world in the
Northern journals as likely to make General Grant
invincible; but I have lately witnessed how silently,
steadily, and unostentatiously, Gen. Bragg's force
has been recruited, and I have more faith in an
army which boasts so little, but fights and endures
hardships so unflinchingly.
A long conversation with Colonel Rains, the
superintendent of the Government Powder Mills in
Augusta, and also the manager of the Arsenal of
Construction and of the Cannon Foundry in this city,
has taught me more than ever to admire the inge-
nuity and the energy which the Confederates have
brought to bear upon their struggle. Starting with-
out any powder mill in the Southern States, ex-
cept a small ono at Nashville, which soon passed
out of their hands—without any large establish-
ments for making machinery, and withoutasingletrip hammer between the Chesapeake and the Rio
Grande—deficient in iron, lead, copper, tin,
salt-
petre, cannon, small arms, and everything save
food, the Confederates have taught the world a
lesson in regard to the impossibility-of subjugating
pointugating
brave and high-spirited people, which will
many a historical moral for centuries to come.
There are two men whose names are seldom heard
in conner.ion with the history of this war, but who
have probably contributed more to the Confederate
success than any other persons, with the exception
of Lee, Jackson, and Longstreet—l mean Colonel
Rains and Captain Brooke. Both of them modest
and unobtrusive men, absorbed in scientific re-
searches, inexhaustible in the fertility of their
resources, indefatigable in energy, they have pre-
sented during the last 30 months a record for the
study of their countrymen which will everywhere
be read with profit whenever the history of this
great revolution is fully and fairly told. I have
seldom had the advantage of encountering 'any man
whose conversation was so instructive and interest-
ing as that of Colonel Rains. His recapitulation of
the difficulties which he has had to encounter, of
the deficiencies which he has every day to supple-
ment and circumvent by ingenuity, and of the
results of his work, as evinced by his contributions
to the Confederate armies, is such as to awaken
amazement. In a former letter written some months
ago from this town I gave a short sketch of the
Augusta gunpowder mill. From that time up to
the present hour its efficiency has been constantly
on the increase, and as evidence of its prolific work-
ing I may mention that since its opening on the
27th of April, 1862, Colonel Rains has sent a
million and a half pounds of powder to Richmond
alone, exclusive of his contributions to Vicksburg,
Charleston, Mobile, and the armies of Generals
Bragg and Johnston. From his Arsenal of Con-
struction he has sent out 6,000,000 cartridges for
small arms and 50,000 round shot and shell, to
say nothing of caps, hand grenades,'and torpedoes.
From his cannon foundry he is continually urn-
From
out 12 pounder Napoleons, 20 pounder
alreadyParro,
and howitzers; but the wealth of artilleryt
ehas
possessed by the Confederates is such thaw h
ith the
ceased to produce Napoleon
pro-
one
i craeepdng
idiitys,whhisicrhateat of production
rtoidmuecticohnaracauleirsh eld of the
Napoleon gun per diem. The
of 8,400 b, a
powder mill is now at the daily
itvyni
y been h i s
raterequired, be indefi-
day, which might, if
occasion
every important station
nitely increased. But,
already
surfeited with powder,
in the Confederacy thehands of Generals Beau-
with large supplies
mington (General Lee.
regard, Bragg, Johnston,s i
nof acnoduraste::ldorbailwes ahnids IsVail-
and with two other pawl;
mills
p i s
f in from
active
ltichompraoendt)ion, it is of little importance
r
that even this rate of production should be
maintained.
The ordinary consumpstuiocnia csfipegoewsdaesr
--- a day ; but
tlv/ich'lbring up
in the Confederacy is rated at2b,Oyo
i s,
those of coofuvr
ce
k,
sih rg greatlya n
d increased
Charleston,
the average to 10,0001bs. a day, occasioned by the
large demands of the heavy artillery employed. it
is a singular commentary upon this war, that a
nation which two years ago
produces
nowder, should now thinknothi notofn a pound
a drily
100001 ha produced entirely from
evident that °Mules

01 4,
eonsutopth..,
their own rmottruea.

BLACKWOOD.--" The Boatman," by Pisistratus
Caxton, is the first subject met with; it has already
been discussed in our columns. " Tony
proceeds at some length, and becomes more Benter-
"
taining. It is very ludicrous, when Sir Arthur
Lyle mistakes one man for another, and brings home
to dinner as the Count a very objectionable individual, and
the excitement occasioned by his presence is a good satire
on the actions of people who seem to do nothing but run
after lions, and make idols of certain individuals. Nor-
man Maitland goes on with his clever contrivances, and
hits upon a plan for Tony, which is remarkable fo
ur im-
pertinence and assurance. "Tyndall on Beat
is sort
of scientific paper, that discusses Professor Tyndall's lecto
-
tures on the subject. The highest praise is awarded
them, and the interesting facts that are contained in the
course of the lectures are duly commented upon; at
the same time, while expressing admiration for the
great amount of scientific matter that is met with,
some amusing criticism is entered into concerning the
peculiarity of some subjects treated upon in this able
work. Thus it is said that, " When we are told
that, to produce the impression of a violet colour,
there enter into the eye precisely 699 millions of mil-
lions of these waves of ether per second, we listen with
more of admiration than of faith." From the quotations
that are occasionally taken from the work in this article,
it is evident that those desirous of increasing their know-
ledge in this particular branch, cannot do better than pos-
sess themselves of the lectures, and to peruse them atten-
tively. "The Navies of England and France, from a
French Point of View," is a paper that is sure to attract
notice at this juncture, and which affords us a very good
insight into some of the views of our neighbours, which
knowledge it is all times most essential to gain. Notwith-
standing the ability, and also, to some extent, the impar-
tiality which pervade these pages, there creeps into the
inquiry occasionally some of that jealousy of feeling,
and disparaging tone of remark, which seem in
some sort inseparable from the writing of a foreigner.
Still it is from these captious remarks that the wise will
learn and the mistaken ones take head to the error of their
ways. Due credit is here given to the spirit which has
animated the writings of M. Raymond ; and, indeed, it is
quite refreshing to meet with anything approaching to
candour or courtesy in the criticisms of a rival. M. Ray-
mond has the sense to appreciate and the manliness to ac-
knowledge the greatness of England in many respects, and
thus accord his tribute of praise where many might content
themselves with the declaration of the errors that exist in
the system adopted by a nation, while they withhold all re-
cognition of its merits. " Chronicles of Carlingford" brings
some striking scenes before us this time, and the reader's
patience will be severely taxed with the conduct of Jack,
who is indeed a despicable character. Such men are the
pests of society, ever intent on their own ease, and caring
nothing for the comfort of ethers. It is a very amusing
scene in which the wily reprobate imposes upon his three
credulous old aunts, and affects the returning prodigal.
No wonder that poor Frank Wentworth was aghast at the
success of the imposition, and also in no small degree in-
dignant at the reflection upon himself which was imputed
to him by these zealous welcomers of the lost and found.
Affairs are becoming more complicated with regard to the
rest of the dramatis personce, and this section of the
"Chronicles of Carlingford" bids fair to rank equally high
in the estimation of its readers as its predecessors. " Per-
sonal Identities" is one of those suggestive sketches that
one is glad to meet with now and then in the pages of a
magazine, and which seem to blend philosophy with fancy.
A clever idea is started in this article that a new series of
" Imaginary Conversations" might be written between the
"New Self" and " Old Self" of many persons. Certainly
it would be a startling sight to some to regard their
old figures, mentally and physically, in the
mirror of memory reproduced in an undisputable form,
There are many quaint phrases and many homely ill
ustra-
tions in this little sketch, which may recall the past with
truthful force, and serve to scan the present and foreshadow
the future for us with skill and accuracy. "The Wigtown
Martyrs" refers to some altercations which have arisen as
to the validity or non-validity of Lord Macaulay's assertion
respecting the execution of two women in Wigtown for
their religion. "The Invitation" is a very lively adapta-
tion of a well-known nursery tune to suit the transactions of
a political pastime now in practice. "Books on the Ame-
rican War" cites a goodly number. One of the advantages
which the rest of the world, the celebrated nous autres of
French parlance,gain from these wars and rumours of wars,
is certainly the immediate conflux of books on the subject,
on all sides, and from all quarters. This makes a good
theme for discussion in an article. It is truly said that the
involuntary historians who have written these books are but
as witnesses in the cause, and " marshal the facts upoe
which the great jury of
will deliver the verdict.'
At the conclusion of this summary
of the work, some re-
marks are made concerning Charleston, which are worthy
of notice. The writer expresses, in the first place, the
opinion that the place is not inevitably doomed to hall.—
The example of Sebastopol proves the difficulty of captur-
ing an uninvested intrenched. camp with an unlimited supply
of material, and free access for reinforcements. In the case
of Charleston these difficulties are increased; for whereas
at Sebastopol reinforcements could only reach the tihice by
long ruinous marches, and were nlways more th_an. balanced
by the fresh troops despatched without loss or fi trom
France and England, at Charleston reinforcements.to any
required extent can be sent and furnished with supplies by
railway, far more rapidly ,hand troops to Gillmore sea
The case hat of two lines of hostile intrenchments,
where the advantages of position and access are on the side
magazine has e
of the defenders.
.MACMILLA.N'S.—This decidedly
improved of late, and is at the same time
betterddly
worth reading and more interesting than of old.
The new story by the talented author of tg Ravens-
hoe
~ one of its prominent attractions,in being
en
decidedly original, and, as yet, full
of incident.
It is carried on in a somewhat complex fashion by a double
thread—James Burton's story alternatingane with the adven-
tures of Mr. Secretary Oxton in a tun
the writer than to the reader. It is not difficultr less confusing to
ntt
eo
rsee o
vheonw;
the two distinct narratives will be subsequently
iy interwoven;
and, indeed, the author takes
whom
pains to conceal the con-
nection—the escaped convict h
in his solitary ride after Lieutenaonmt Mr. Oxton encounters
liillyar having been at
once identified by him as Samuel Burton, the black sheep
of the Burton family. Samuel Burton had formerly been
servant and confidant to the eldest son of Sir George gill-
par, and now, at the Opening of the story, master and man
have alike found their
way to the antipodes on different
errands. It is probable that, as the story goes on, it will
develops into a tale of considerable interest and excitement.
Mrs. Gaskell
contributes a memorial sketch of a hero of the
Federal lines who devoted
of coloured
ted him
troops, and h
himself to the care awndofell a
t
encou-
ragement of a regiment
their head while storming Fort Wagner. Doubtless both
sides can furnish many such examples of sacrifice an
count-
d self-
devotion. for what they esteem the ,-.Teneral good, and
less homes in all the States of the Union have mourned fetters
or
the dear ones called away to return no more. Tho "L
froa Competition Wallah," which have of late
oce.o pied
d
a prominent position in the pages of Macmillan, are continu. e ,
and are devoted this month to a subject of
very serious
importance—the effect of Indian life and
pean residents. It is singular that such shoulda be the topic
selected just when the mail has brought us the disastrous
intelligence that in all human probability long ere this
another of our foremost statesmen 4as succumbed to the
evil influences here spoken of. The star© of. Calcutta and
Angle-Indian official. life, are matters
the risks attending
which will be likely to engage much serious attention, and,
according to the description here given of the sanitary con-
dition of the "City of Palaces," it is high time that some-
thing was done to effect some change. " Statistics," says
the writer of this article, in speaking of the Black Town,
"cannot express the state of the native streets, The uu-