The Sun.
London, England, 1864-06-27 00:00:00

upon this movement to say that there are but
few military men in the North who do not consider
it fraught with much greater danger than any which
the army has yet encountered, and no friends of
the South who do not fervently hope that nothing
will prevent General Grant from attempting it.
Reinforcements continue to be forwarded, but
they are chiefly raw recruits and emigrants who have
not been six months in the country—men who
doubtless do not lack courage, bat who have not
acquired the habits of discipline or the professional
pride of the trained soldier. And however nume.
rens these reinforcements may be, it is not probable
that they more than half fill up the successive de-
pletions which the army of the Potomac has suffered
during the last five weeks. The frightful loss of
life in every battle does not account for more than
20 or 30 per cent. of the 100,000 men who have
disappeared from the effective force of the army
since the passage of the Rapidan. To these have
to be added the wounded who fall in fair fight under
the shot and shell of the enemy, the prisoners, the
deserters, the three-year Volunteers whose term has
expired, the tattered and attenuated remnants of
whose once complete regiments continue to march
through this city. But whether reinforced in whole
or in part, General Grant has but little superiority
in numbers over General Lee ; while the latter has
an immense advantage not only in position, but in
everything that goes to elevate the morale and in-
crease the heroism of an army.
In anticipation of the next battle, news of which
is hourly expected, the military hospitals of this
city have been cleared of every man fit to bear re.
moval to his home in the north or west, and all
preparations made to receive from 6,000 to 10,000
men. Baltimore has not the accommodation for
the wounded to be found at Washington, which a
gentleman just arrived from that city describes
as being one huge hospital ; but such ac-
commodation as it has is kept in constant requi-
sition. The hospitals are situated in various parts of
the town, and tax to their utmost the professional
resources of the place. I visited one of them a few
days ago, immediately after a clearance had been
made of the most advanced cases of convalescence,
and saw as much human suffering in the space of
half an hour as I care to see again in a lifetime. Ten
houses—one of them a large hotel situated on one
side of Camdenestreet, and six, including a piano%
forte manufactory, directly opposite—have been
hired by the Government, connected one with the
other, and form the chief military hospital of Balti-
more. The wards are clean and airy, and every pos-
sible adjunct of health and comfort is provided for
the wounded. Such as remained on the day of my
visit were for the most part fatal cases, or cases of
which the surgeons had lint faint hopes. There
were men who had lo:,t legs and arms, and men who
were awaiting resignedly—and many of them num
consciously--
or thatthe inevitable amputation that might
might' not save their lives, and who seemed
to 'have lost all interest in the war and the world,
and in everything around them, save perhaps in the
friendly care of some sympethising nurse, who
smoothed their pillows or offered them their drink
or their medicine. There were some who had the
crowns of their heads carried off by fragments of
bursting shells, and yet survived ; some shot through
the lungs and certain to die, but yet thinking by a
look any kind-hearted surgeon who ventured to tell
them, against his convictions, that there was yet
hope ; others whose jaws had been torn away, some
shot in the foot, some in the hand, some through the
shoulder, and some in the head—the ball in one in-
stance not being merciful enough to take life, but to
leave insanity behind it. The rooms were tastefully
adorned with the Federal flag, vases of flowers, and
sometimes with aquariums, or Wardian cases of ferns,
and the walls hung with portraits, among which that
of Jenny Lind was most conspicuous, and appeared
in every room. These gifts were contributed by the
nurses, all of whom were Northern and principally
New England ladies, who had read of Florence
Nightingale, and, inspired by her example, had de-
voted their time, their kindness, their care, and their
money to the relief of suffering humanity, and the
elevation of the common hospital to the comfort and
the dignity of a home. Among these ladies was one
in deep mourning, whose husband married her two
years ago, started from the altar to the battle-field,
and returned no more. Another, who paid two visits
daily to the hospital, was not exactly a nurse, but
did something of a nurse's duty in her own peculiar
way. She was about 60 years of age, scrupulously
neat in her attire, was dressed in decent black, car-
ried a basket of cakes on her arm, and seemed as if
she had boon permitted to come into the hospital
to carry on her humble trade among the soldiers.
She stopped at every bed, or at every chair in which
a soldier sat up reading, and offered her frugal ware,
looking hurt if it were not accepted. But the good
woman was no merchant. She made the cakes
herself fresh every morning, and they were her free-
will offerings to the men. It was all she could
afford, and it was the only way that suggested
itself to her mind in which she could be of service.
It was supposed she had lost a husband, or more
probably a son, in the recent battles, but as she said
nothing about it and seemed to shun conversation,
no one cared to invade the secrecy in which she
chose to envelope herself. In addition to her
cakes, she carried in her basket a collection of newly
gathered roses ; and when in her peregrinations
through the wards she came to a bedside of which
the occupant was palpably doomed to rise no more
alive, she placed a rose upon his pillow if he slept;
or, if he were awake, put it into his hand, with a
look of motherly commiseration, and passed on.
And who shall deny the wealth of pity in her gentle
action, or assert that in her humble ministrations
there was no portion of those heavenly charace
teristics which we ascribe to the angels ?
Although the ladies cf Baltimore, with this one
exception, left to the ladies of a more Northern
and Eastern latitude the duty of attending to the
wants and cheering the last hours of the Federal
wounded, it must not be supposed that their sym-
pathies were not as abundant as those of their
Northern sisters. The sympathies existed, but they
flowed in another direction. There were no Con.
federate wounded to be cared for, but there were
Confederate prisoners in Fort Delaware and other
places in the vicinity who required the kindly atten-
tion of those who believe that they suffered in a
righteous cause. The military autocrat of Balti.
more—who rules as stringently as Butler before
him, though he may see treason and disloyalty in
the expression of sympathy with Southern captives,
has not yet deemed it expedient to say so, or to pro-
hibit the good Samaritans of his satrapy from feed.
ing the hungry and clothing the naked, even if the
hungry and the naked be the enemies of his Govern-
ment. The good Samaritans therefore--all of them
ladies—having full command of their husbands'
purses for this object, if for no other, no sooner hear
of the arrival of a detachment of Southern prison-
ers than they meet to apportion the wants of the
captives among them, and to provide them, each
according to her means, with the clothing and other
comforts they may require to render captivity less
irksome. One lady, three days ago, clothed 100
prisoners at her own expense ; another provided
for 60, another for 20, and many more provided for
two or three. They were not allowed to deliver
their bounty personally, but were permitted to re-
ceive the epistolary thanks of the recipients. The
letters of the prisoners are in every style of com-
position, from the ungrammatical to the correot,
from the business-like to the romantic, but all con-
vey the same manly gratitude and the same un-
wavering confidence in the final triumph of the
cause for which they have suffered so much and are
ready to suffer to the end.

shell constantly penetrated, while, as might be ex-
pected, the rough iron segments of the Armstrong
a shell as constantly and signally failed to do so. In
e making the fragments of the shell and its bullets or
segments ricochet upwards from the ground the
r Boxer shrapnel again had a clear advantage, the
dense spherical bullets glancing easily from the
t earth, while the rough iron segments of the Arm-
-1 strong cut into the ground and soon stopped them-
-1 selves. So also in trials for accidental bursting too
- soon in front of troops the Boxer shell again had a
I clear advantage—an advantage, however, which
must be considered in connexion with the following
r qualifying statement—ln exploding his shell at
short distances in front of troops, or the targets
i which represented them, Colonel Boxer used his
large charge of 12 drachms in order to get the
greatest effect from the pieces of his broken case.
At the long distances he used the light charge in
order to get the greatest effect from his bullets shot
out of the case. When this alteration of charges in
shells which were supposed to burst too soon acci-
dentally came to the knowledge of Sir William he
at once protested against it, and demanded fresh
trials, or, at all events, that a note should be ap.
pended to the results, showing that varying charges
had been used to accomplish them. The Committee,
after long deliberation, have, however, decided that
in future varying charges must not be used, and
that experiments shall be made with the high and
low charged Boxer shell from Mr. Whitworth's gun,
and if the results given by the different charges are
. material, a note to that effect is to be appended to
the returns of the Whitworth shell practice made
by such means. It is the opinion of many that
these gun trials should not have been conducted at
the same time with the trial of the new and expe-
rimentid shell of Colonel Boxer; but we confess we
cannot regret anything which has brought to light
a missile likely to be so valuable to the service and
the country as Colonel Boxer's shell promises to
become. With common shell—that is, a thin case
of cast iron, filled with powder, lit from the front
by a percussion or time fuse, the Whitworth gun
was very distinctly beaten by both of Sir William's.
Mr. Whitworth, to a certain extent, frankly admits
this victory, and explains it clearly enough by say-
ing that an error of judgment was committed in
making the common shell half a diameter too long,
which has, to a certain degree, spoilt its shooting.
We give this explanation or excuse as we gave Sir
William's about the steel tube of his breech-loader
not expanding under the explosion of high proof
charges, as it is said it would have done had the
whole tube been of wrought coiled iron. But while,
for the satisfaction of the competitors, we make
their apologies public, it must not be forgotten that
they are excuses to which both the public and the
committee will wisely turn a deaf ear, and look to
results alone. Both competitors had the most ample
time to mature their preparations and elaborate
their weapons to the utmost, and by those which
they have now at last put forward they must be
content to stand or fall.

After the trials with common shell were ,ver
each competitor was allowed to fire shell -Aar his
own fashion, through embrasures at old, guns sur-
rounded with dummy figures and with empty
limbers in the rear. In thi 9t contest the Arm-
strong shunt gun gained a. marked superiority.
The practice with tht 70 pounder has now ad-
vanced to a stage at which the experiments
against the iron 'plated Warrior target have com-
menced. The trials with the large guns, if we
may so far miscall the 70 pounders, which have
led up to these armour plate experiments, have
included the first stages of firing for range and
aezuracy, during which both the shunt and the
Whitworth were as nearly as possible equal in ac.
curacy, though at 3,000 yards range the Whitworth
had an advantage of nearly 200 yards. A breech
loader of Sir William's, not on the old vent-piece
system but one more recently invented, which opens
the breech at the side with sliding wedges, was
included in these trials ; but we may dismiss the
performances of this piece altogether, as it was on
Friday very wisely withdrawn from competition.
Thus, as far as we yet know, the second system of
breech loading for large guns has for the present
been given up by Sir William. The trials against
the Warrior target took place on Thursday and
Friday, and in this competition a decisive victory
was looked forward to for the Whitworth gun,
which from the very small diameter of its shot
has generally been found most effective for at
leest penetrating the armour plates if it did not
damage them much. Contrary to all expectation,
however, at this contest Sir William's shunt gun
achieved a decisive victory over the Whitworth,
both with shot and shell, beating it in the ratio of
at least two to one. The length to which this notice
has extended precludes our giving the details on
this occasion ; but we shall take the earliest oppor-
tunity of referring fully to this great stage of the
competition which is likely to be the most decisive,
as it is beyond all question the most important, of
them all.

The Semaphore of Marseilles states that the at-
mospherical variations which hive so prevailed during the
last month have now ceased, and that summer has regularly
set in, During the lest few days the thermometer has stood
at from 26 to 28 deg, Centigrade (79 to 80 Fahrenheit).
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Mt SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING JUNE 27, 1864.

Naval and Military Intelligence.

S iner Majesty's screw steam sloop Racer, now in commte-
sion at Woolwich, was on Saturday hauled etit of the inner
basin and received her complement of 130 men and boys,
and a detachment of the Royal Marine Light ,Infantry, in
readiness for sea. The following officers have joined :
Commander Isaac N. T. Saulez (November 13th, 1854),
Lieut. W. E. Darwall, lately of the flagship Nile, on the
North American and West India stations; Surgeon Andrew
M'Clure, M.A., from the Royal Marine Artillery at Fort
Cumberland. Mr George W. Muir, paymaster, promoted,
on paying off the Ardent; Mr Samuel M. Spry, master;
Mr Hogg, Mr Jenner, and Mr Hoar have also joined.
The Admiralty yacht Black Eagle, Staff Commander
Whillier, recently returned from the Danish waters, having
laid in stores for a three months' cruise, got up steam, and
sailed from Woolwich on Saturday morning for Norway.
Her Majesty's steam storeship Supply, Staff Commander
Bawden, has arrived at Woolwich, laden with a cargo com-
pleting the residue of the garrison stores left at Corfu after
the departure of the troops. Capt. Bawden, who has been
suffering from severe rheumatic fever, Was on Saturday re-
moved in a cot from his ship to the Royal Naval Infirmary
at Woolwich, and is progressing favourably.
The War Department steamer Lord Panmure, Master
Commander Moore, returned to Woolwich on Saturday
laden with platforms, shot, and general stores) from torts-
mouth, whither she sailed on the previous Sianday with a
full cargo of heavy balks of thather to supply the new labo •
ratory, under the superintendence of Capt. Bailey. Thus
the two shipments, discharges, and double voyage were
completed in about 140 hours,
The Caspar, the 4.est of the fleet of vessels taken up this
year by the Admiralty for the conveyance of Russian hemp
to Chatham Dockyard, has arrived at that establishment
from St. Petersburg, and has commenced discharging her
cargo Mongaide the dockyard.
The Racoon, 22, screw corvette, Capt. Count Gleichen,
sailed from Spithead, on her northern cruise, on Saturday,
Lieut. Prince Alfred rejoining from leave previous to the
corvette weighing her anchor. The Prince, accompanied
by the Prince of Wales and Prince Louis of Hesse, arrived
at the Queen's private station in the Royal Clarence-yard,
Gosport, from Windsor, at 10 45 a.m., where, on alighting,
the Royal Princes were received by Major-Gen. Lord Wm.
Paulet, C,8., Admiral Sir M. Seymour, G.C.8., Rear-Ad-
miral Harry Edgell, C. 8., Capt. Scott, C.B. (aide-de-camp
to the Queen), Col. Thackwell (Assist. Adjutant-General),
and other officers. Their Royal Highnesses immediately
embarked on board the Fire Queen steam yacht, Staff. Com-
mander Paul, which conveyed them out to Spithead, and
transferred them to the Racoon, lying at anchor with the
Channel fleet, but with steam up in readiness to start on
her voyage. Soon afterwards a signal was made from the
Racoon to the Edgar, flagship of the Admiral commanding
the Channel squadron, that " the Prince of Wales would be
glad to see Admiral Decree on board the Racoon." The
Admiral at once went on board the corvette. At 3 p.m. the
Racoon weighed her anchor, and, after steaming about the
Channel fleet for some little time, stood out to see by the
eastern channel, with the Fire Queen in attendance. Off the
Warner light-ship the engines were stopped, and the Prince
of Wales and Prince Louis of Hesse, taking leave of Prince
Alfred, left her, re-embarked on board the Fire Queen, and
returned to Portsmouth harbour, landing at the Royal
Clarence Victualling-yard, and thence proceeding by spe-
cial South Western train for Windsor, via Basingstoke, at
430 p.m. In accordance with the wish expressed by the
Prince of Wales, no public honours of any kind were paid
him beyond the attendance of the chief military and
naval authorities at the Royal Clarence-yard. The
inhabitants of Portsmouth, however, considering themselves
free from any official trammels or etiquette, decked out their
Victoria Pier, at the entrance to the harbour, gaily with
flags, and cheered most lustily as the Fire Queen steamed
in and out of the harbour, the Prince of Wales lifting his
hat repeatedly in answer to the crowd assembled on the pier.
The Channel fleet remains at Spithead, awaiting orders
from the Admiralty. The esper:mental squadron, consisting
of the Research, 4, 1,253 lons, 200 horse power, the En-
terprise, 4, 990 tons, 160 terse power, iron cased frigates,
and the Wolverine, 21, 1,703 tons, 400 horse power, arrived
at the Nore on Friday evening from their cruise in the
North Sea, in order to be joined by the Fawn, 17, 750 tons,
100 horse power, and the paddlewheel steamer Salamis, 855
tons, 250 horse power, before proceeding on particular ser-
vice. On Saturday evening., in accordance with orders re
ceived at Chatham by telegraph from the Admiralty, the
Wolverine and Salamis proceeded to the Down, where they
will be joined by the remaitder of the squadron. The Enter.
prise was occup,ed nearly tie whole of Saturday in coaling.
The Fawn has shipped the whole of her guns, shot, shell,
and powder, and the officer; recently appointed to her have
joined and taken up their commissions, and she will be ready
to take her departure durirg the present week. The whole
of the vessels will rendezvo es at the Downs, where they will
join the ships composing the Channel fleet, under the orders
of Admiral Dacres, C,8., acd await the final instructions of
the Admiralty.
The contractors' trial of the engines of the screw steam
frigate Ocean took place outside Flymoulh breakwater
on Saturday last. Her keel was laid at Devonport in Aug.
1860, for a wooden line-of battle ship, to carry 100 guns,
but on the 30th of June, 1861, she was ordered to be "con-
verted" into an iron-cased frigate, mounting 34 guns.
The Ocean was accordingly lengthened 20 feet amidships;
her stem and stern were altered. She was launched on the
9th of March, 1863, and has since been protected with iron
plates and fitted with bilge pieces at Keyham. This frigate
is now classed with the Caledonia, Royal Alfred, Royal Oak,
and Prince Consort, all of about 4,000 tons, and her engines
and machinery, built by Messrs Maudslay, Sons, and Field,
are precisely like those of the last named vessels, with the
exception only that the pitch of the Ocean's screw is 22ft
6in, while that of the Prince Consort is 25ft. The trials of
the Prince Consort's engines took place on the 23d, 24th,
and 25th of September last year, and were reported at the
time. The Ocean lett Haricaze at 9in the morning, in
charge of Capt. 'William Edmonstone, C. 8., chief of the
steam reserve. There was a numerous company on board,
including Rear-Admiral Thomas M. C. Symonds, C. 8.,
superintendent of the dockyard, Mr. Maudslay, and Mr.
Herbert Maudslay. The trial was superintended on the
part of the Government by Mr James Steil, assistant-
engineer at Keyham, and Mr William A, Dinnen, inspector
of machinery afloat; and for the contractors by Mr War-
rener. The weather was fine, wind being from the a .N. W.,
with a force of from 4to 5. The sea was moderately
smooth. The temperature in the stoke-hole was about 10,),
and on deck 65. Under full boiler power the mean of six
runs at the measured mile gave 12.895 knots ; revolutions,
58 per minute ; vacuum, 253 e Under half boiler power the
mean of four runs was 10.691 knots; revolutions, 471 ;
vacuum, 261. These results are considered sufficiently
satisfactory to prevent the necessity of any further trial.
There were no hot bearings, and all the machinery appears
to be in perfect order. The speed attained does not equal
that of the Prince Consort's in September last, being 215
less, but that frigate was not then fitted with bilge pieces,
and, not being so deeply laden, drew 51 inches less aft than
the Ocean.

The screw steam-sloop Cordelia, 11, was placed in com-
mission at Devonport on Friday with a complement of 130
men, She will receive draugats of seamen, marines, and
boys to-day, and be stored forthwith for the Name station
temporarily. The sloop is now in the Prince's dock, where
her valves will be overhauled and bottom cleaned.
The whole of the troops at Aldershott turned out for a
field-day on Friday, under the command of Lieut.-General
Sir John Pennefather, K.C.8., and proceeded to the com-
mon, near the Royal Pavilion. After marching past the
division took ground to the westward, and formed in order
of battle on the high ground south of the common to attack
an advancing enemy, supposed to be occupying the village
of Cove, with his right resting on Pyestock and his left on
Cove-common. The heavy brigade of cavalry, under com•
mand of Col. Darby Griffith, consisting of the Carabineers,
the Royal Dragoons, and the Scots Greys, commenced the
fight. They advanced in line of contiguous columns in close
order at a trot, followed by the light brigade, under the
command of Col. Soame Jenyns, and consisting of the 13th
and 14th Hussars, The heavy brigade was accompanied by
a half battery of Royal Horse Artillery on either flank, and
the light brigade by a half battery similarly disposed. The
heavy brigade deployed into line on the right squadron of
the Royals, the batteries of this brigade taking up position
in advance of the right and left fronts, and opening fire.
Having aroused the enemy, the artillery limbered up, and
the brigade advanced at a gallop, accompanied by the guns.
The Hussar brigade, which had deployed into line during
the above movements, advanced at a gallop and halted.
The heavy brigade then retired by sections of threes from
the right of regiments, and reformed line in rear of the
Hussars. The heavy brigade next advanced, and the light
retired by open column of troops from the left of the line.
The heavy brigade halted, and the artillery again threw in
several rounds. The heavy brigade then retired by open
column of troops from the right at a trot, thus clearing the
front of the infantry and artillery, who were in position,
forming three lines, The Eoyal Artillery commenced a
heavy cannaiade, supported by file firing, from General
Taylor's brigade. General Russell's brigade advanced in
line, and halted close to General Taylor's, thus forming
four ranks, the latter kneeling, and both throwing in a
tremendous filo fire, while the artillery pounded away
without intermission. The enemy fell back; a few more
combined and well-executed movements completed
his disorder; and soon he was beating a hasty retreat
to the westward, hctly pursued by the victorious troops
until they were lost to the sight of the visitors. The whole
of the manoeuvres were rapidly and skilfully executed.
The division returned to quarters about 1 o'clock.
By direct'on of the authorities at the War Department,
a series of experiments will be carried out at Chatham dur-
ing the present summer by the officers and men attached to
the Royal engineer establishment in order to test the merits
of the new description of pontoon, similar to that in use in
the Austrian army, which it is proposed to introduce into the
English service. The superiority claimed for the Austrian
pontoon is its increased strength and buoyancy. It is found
to be far more portable than the ordinary Blanshard pontoon
which has been adopted in the corps of Royal Engineers. It
can, besides, be turned to use by an army when on the
march and in the field—an advantage not possessed by the
Blanchard pontoon, which, from its size and unwieldy train
and proportions, causes the transport of the pontoon train
to be attended with considerable difficulty, The experi-

ments will be carried out under the superintendence of Col.
Lovell, C. 8., one of the principal instructers nt the Royal
Engine establishment, and a report made to the authori-
ties of the general results of the trials, Some experiments
were also made some time since at Chatham with a new
description of iron pontoon, as used in the Belgian service,
the results of the trials on that occasion being deemed very
satisfactory, as showing the btoyancY of the pontoons *hen
tested tO an unusual degree. Another merit of the Belgian
Pontoons was its adaptability for the stowage of war material
as well as its portability. A new pontoon, the invention of
Capt. Fowke, Royal Engineers,has also been under the notice
of the authorities, and several experiments have been Wade
with the inventions with, oh the Whole, highly satisfactory
results. The object of the trials which are ordered to be
made is to enable the authorities to decide upon the beat
possible pontoon for use in the English service, and With
this view the claim of the several inventions will be fairly
tested. Since the removal of the pontoon practising-ground
at Chatham from St. Mary's Creek to the opposite side of
the harbour, near Upnor Castle, to enable the dockyard
extension works to be proceeded with, increased facilities
are given the officers and men of the Royal Engineers to
carry on their experiments,
..... _ _

The following appointments have been made at the
Admiralty :—Lient. Henry St. fa. B. Palliser, to the Racer
—Sub-Lieut. Alex. P. Hastings, to the Aurora—Edward
Billet', engiueer, to the Cordelia—Mark Lambert, engineer,
to the Racer-,-Francis T. Elliott, to the Fawn—Edward
Ramsay and Charles Boddington, assist,-engineers, to the
Cordelia—Thos. Summers (B) and Chas. J. Edge, assist,-
engineers, to the Racer—John Hancock (a) and Samson
Gundry, assist.-engineer, to the Fawn—John Shepherd,
assist.-clerk, to the Formidable as supernumerary—Com-
mander J. B. Grove and Commander T. D. Williams, to be
inspecting commanders in the Coastguard—James Evans,
midshipman, to the Edgar—David Nesmith, nominated to
a naval cadetsh;p—J. W. Lishman, paymaster, to the Fawn
—A, D. M'Arthur, paymaster additional to the Pembroke
—D. Robb, promoted to chief engineer, and appointed to
the Cumberland for the Serpent—J. Rollinson, promoted to
chief engineer, and appointed to the Cumberland for the
Terrible—John Downes, promoted to chief engineer and
discharged on half-pay—John P, Allen, promoted to acting
chief engineer, and reappointed to the Harrier—Matthew
Murray, engineer, to the Excellent for the Stork—and J.
C. Gray, engineer, to the Cumberland for the Bulldog.