The Sun.
London, England, 1852-09-06 00:00:00

This paper, read b Mr. M'Adam, secretary, con-
itained most valuable details of the productive irduary
of Paris,
1 furnishing important data for comparison with
our own. In it will he found matter for the serious
consideration of our political economists, as in several
of those branches of manufacture which are supposed
to press most weightily on our own trade, it appears
that the wages paid for labour are higher than with
us, while the raw material is about the same price.
An interesting portion was that in reference to the
education of the vvorkraer. OF the entire number,
87 per cent, of the men and 79 per cent. of the wo-
men could read and write.
Professor Hancock—Are there any impediments
to the ti,ir competition of free labour with slave la-
bour in the West Indies ?—it is impossible in the
limits allowed by this notice to do proper; ustice to
the importance and value of this paper. Professor
Hancock's deductions were all based upon the recog-
nised principles of moral philosophy and political
economy, and were supported by statistical evidence,
and by quotations from Adam Smith, Bigelors, Cand-
ler, Alexander, and other high authorities. An ani-
mated discussion took place, in which the professor's
positions
were warmly disputed, but which in his
reply he ably and most succesfully re-established.
SECTION G.—MECLIA.IIICAL SCIENCE.
W. Fairbairn—Preliminary report on the Mecha-
nical Properties of Metals, &cc.",
Thomas M. Gladstone—On malleable' Iron for
Girders.—The author recommends a double T form
as the best adapted for general purposes where
strength is required, and that in all cases wrought
iron is preferable to cast, as bearing a certain
amount of deflection, and giving warning before
breaking.
Mr. Whittle, of New Zsaland—An Account of a
new Flax Machine.—This machine is intended for the
preparation of the fibre of the Phormium tenax, and
not the common flax.
Ca
Harbours.
ptain J. Saunders—A New Design for Safety

G. Clarke—On the Evolution of Gas in the Walls-
end Colliery.—This paper was read by Professor J.
Phillips, whose remarks added considerably to its
value and importance. The gases issue under consi-
derable pressure, which varies in accordance with the
fluctuations of the barometer, but in anticipation of
them by about half an hour. Some important allu-
sions and suggestions were made as to the sources of
accident in coal mines, and Professor Phillips con-
cluded by strongly recommending the education of the
miners as the surest means of remedy.

THE TURKISH LOAN.
The novelty of a Turkish loan has naturally excited
no small degree of interest in not only monetary but po-
litical circles. With the world pecuniary the natural
inquiry is as to the securities for payment of interest
and redemption of the principal of the loan which Tur-
key has to offer; the world political and economical
may further be disposed to speculate as to the causes
known Turkey, confessedly out of foreign debt, and not
p onbor :Banes dheabvtoo shouldr,bee
n at
developedthe
intoeleventh
a gi g
ahootui
or thats ys
tem, as in fact an inherent part and parcel of the econo-
micalacy of the nations,
policy of nati t
rice, make her a
Russia in the north of Europe to the no less despotic
dfrsomtatet4,h, einabasoelun.eoratuhtocorfaAcymoe.!
democr
ptpzar_sFe.as a borrower. The modie
ussia, lest Turkey-yshoueldi
cum of a loan of
loins for the purposes of offeu
ficeperhaps, to all^ millions sterling only will suf-
,ealousies of ambitious
beor
defence;girding ups p
oho
ue
r
elooorsmvaeoa
lators of the economical schoceel
reasons
witytomararryfordkiisschovGerovseurt
bhoathveofanpabpoenrensot
ddmeseirtaemo
ra
d to lay
cient end convincing.
vicious
%erns te
nmeya,y,
the grouildwoik, moreover, of such improt
the fiscal system of the empire as cannot redoundmenotisheira wise than to the profit of the Treasury and the advan:
tage of the people. With the present paucity of infor-
'nation on these points it may not be said in What parti-
cular direction it is proposed to carry out any or the
improvements suggested, bat one fact must be obvious—,
as a truism confessed among practical statesmen—that
the reforms and improvements most indispensable in a
state cannot be carried on without money in hand, de-
rived from some new and extraordinary source, to coun-
terbalance the sacrifices to be submitted to in the pre-
parations for a career of progress. However opinion
may differ about the fiscal and economical policy of the
late Sir Robert Peel, it will not be denied that, prelimi-
nary to the abandonment of one source of revenue by
fiscal or other changes, he was careful to prepare be-
forehand amply against a certain loss to be incurred by
a provision equal to ready money, and by ready money,
to cover that loss and more. The property and income-
tax comes in point, with issues of Exchequer-bills for
landed improvements besides, that is, public loans in au-
other shape.
The financial resources of Turkey to meet tho new
financial phase of a foreign debt, which are the special
point of concern with those who carry the money bags,
and are anxious after more profitable openings for invest-
ment than Consols at par, and discounts of safe paper at
or 2 per cent., are, so far as officially, somewhat of a
sealed book; for as affairs are understood in that em-
pire, the state of revenue and expenditure is held not to
concern the public at large, whilst, truth to say, the
public appear to be contemptuously content to remain in
ignorance of what so nearly concerns them, and is com-
paratively so freely communicated to the serfs of Russia.
Fortunately the march of intelligence can pierce by per-
severance through stone walls, even the marble walls of
the Seraglio. M. Übicini, long a resident, and an en•
lightened mercantile observer in Turkey, devoted much
time and careful attention to an examination of the
fiscal, momentary, and commercial systems of Turkey,
sided in the labour by the influence and appliances of
' foreign diplomacy, the results of which be made
known in some admirable letters published in the
French Moniteur last year. His statements may be re-
garded therefore as semi-official, but mast be taken
withal with such measure of allowance as is usually ac-
corded to that degree of authority. The following tabular
statement of Turkish finance will not be found to vary
in totalities with thatpublished in a morning paper, and
generally understood to have been supplied byAthe agents
or contractors for the loan. There can be no question
that it was derived substantially from the authority
already cited for that which follows, and it was fairly
acknowledged, indeed, that to exact official authority it
made no pretence. The difference to benoted between the
two is, that we are not indebted for figures and facts to
the parties, highly respectable as they are, interested in
the loan, but simply and independently to our own in-
dustry and researcher. The facts have, indeed, been
some timee la our possession. Revenue and expenditure
thus bce according to the authority quoted:—
BUDGET OF EXPENDITURE. Piastres.
Civil list of the sultan
Ditto of the Dowager Sultana and c f the 75'°°"°°
Sultan's metrical sisters; ...
..
Army •.
Navy
Alateriel of war, a:tiller
and fortresses y, engineering,
0 000 000
Salaries end charges of adininist OO,OOO
r.tion 195,0
subvention to tho Vakouf Administration
for esteblishrecias iu charge
Arrears of life rents (schims)
Interest of G per esnt. on Treasury Bonds,
without fixed date
of payment (called
koyrnrs)
Lilo r ••• .• •••
saes paid by the Tressury, in com-
pensatton of ancient fiats (timers'
zimets , moukutas) to proprietors dis-
possessed 40,000;000
possessed •••
••• "' Foreign offices, ambassador:,
10000 000
Allocation Oa' zrnei nafia) for public works,
a 10,000.000
griCulture, &e. ..• •••

••• 8,400,000
••• 300.000,000
37,500,000

1",500,000
6,000,000

9,000,000

... 733,400,000

Total piastres ... ...
WAYS AND MEANS.

Tenth ... 220,000,000
Income-tax (ration, or vergue) 200,000,000
Hadraje, or head-tax, on non-Illussuhnan

... 40,000,000
... 86,000,000
... 30,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
2,000,000

subjects ...
Customs ..• •'
Egyptian tribute •••
From Wallachia ... •••
From Moldavia •• -- •••
From Semis ••• •••
Indirect taxes, lioenoee, stamps, tolls, mines,
and postsges ... ...

... 150,000,000

that
pub.
fished
Total piastres ... ... ... 731,000,000
The difference betwixt this statementotin
in a morning
paper, is not,
would be
different. The
aed nearly difference,indeed, compen-
totals,
and
materially
by the well-known fact that the tribute of
thest Pacha of Egypt had been raised recently, and since
&i. Übicini wrote in 1851, from thirty to forty millions
plaS • • tres But it will be observed that the account now
furnished enters more into special detail of the nature
and expenditure of taxation, and is corrective of such an
enormous assumption, for example, as the allowance of
84,000,000 piastres for the support and administration of
the mosques, &c. It will be observed too, that the
Turkish Government has a small internal debt, scarcely
meriting remark.
We may proceed in a future number to a review of
the commerce and commercial resources of the Ottoman
empire, about which our neighbour, so favoured by the
communication from the loan contractors, deficient in
detail is about Turkish finance, appears to be
lacking in information. The information, in fact, is not
readily accessible, as may
omission of material facts and figures in the reportsra Trade,
Mr. Macgregor, when secretary to the Board otf.eT d
only
whose more substantial notices, moreover,
e Cle of the
brought down to 1840. For the c°llT Ile high reader it it may be stated that, according to
the
be gathered from the total
thority of the eminent cambist Mr. Paper.
piastre is only equal to 2d. sterling.—Morning Tlirkish
IUTH-COAST
LON- Tate,

TTrraffiaffiec DON, BRIGHTON, AND SO
BAIL WAY.
Traffic
—Week
eennddiinngg
Sept. 6,
64:11885512 Z 1144,084467 1171 98
Total of the half-year, to this date, 1852 ... 140,598 19 9
Total of the half-year, to this date, 1851 ... 149,511 0 2
Total number of Passengers—Week ending
sept.:4, 1852 ... 102,170
Passengers •••k:11,81 11 8
Goods ... ••• 2,165 6 1

Total £14,046 17 9
173!4 ditto, 1851, 173
London
nal miles open,Terminu.seplt.B6s.2,lBs2.

BoaTrdheorßTirgandte, 11is°enx.pjec.teldVio liareriTeeYin' town today froo6 his
fnfhe
tour in Germany. It is understood that latterly the health
of the Right Hon. Gentleman has much improved.
An archaeological society is to be fowled in
Essex.