The Sun.
London, England, 1864-01-20 00:00:00

A „if, I ;Lit
)14141e4P0q SUIL

LONDON, -WEDNESDAY, JAN. 20, 1864.

" There is," as SumisrEßE tells us, " a tide in
the affairs of men, which taken at the flood, leads
on to fortune." In the history of nations, as of in-
dividuals, a crisis occasionally occurs, in which the
decision of an hour may rule the fate of years and
influence the destiny of generations. Such a criti-
cal moment has now arrived for Denmark. The
eyes of Europe watch her decision with anxiety.
A false step will be fatal to her future career, while
even the most prudent course is fraught with diffi-
culty and danger. On the one hand, she is
menaced with the horrors of war, in which no
wise King or prudent councillor will hastily en-
gage, but, on the other hand, she is threat.
ened with the yet greater evils of poli-
tical subserviency and national degradation,
evils which, to noble patriotic hearts, aro more ap-
palling than any warlike disasters. There are
times when the favourite motto of DANTON, " to
dare," is the dictate, not of temerity, bat of true
wisdom. The forlorn hope is occasionally not only
the post of danger but the source of safety. Pusil-
lanimity is always directly opposed to prudence,
while courage is oftentimes synonymous with
caution. Such, at this perillous juncture, appears
to be the case with Denmark. Were she to submit
to the peremptory demand of the Prussian and
Austrian ultimatum, were she, in fact, to relinquish
possession of Schleswig, she would sink at once
into a position of insignificant subserviency, from
which no after exertion would 1 e sufficient
to extricate her. She would abandon by that

irrevocable concession, not the suzerainship of one
fatal duchy, but she would relinquish her own in-
tegrity among the Sovereign Powers of Europe.
Feeling assured of this alternation, King Christian
and his Government, and not the King and Go-
vernment only, but the whole Danish nationality
appear to have made their unanimous decision. As
we anticipated it would be, when the first report
of the ultimatum reached us, that decision will be—
a refusal. Come what may, Schleswig will be re-
tained, and the independent Kingdom of Denmark
will refuse to sink into a German principality. If
war be the result, and that it will be so appears
painfully imminent, we cannot blame the Danes for
its election. Even peace may be purchased at too
great a price, and national honour and independence
is a price which no free citizen will be willing to pay.
Better, grievous as is the alternative, better far a
costly sacrifice than an ignoble safety. Better that
the brave soldiers of free Demnark should shed their
hearts' blood at their King's command, than that
her senators and citizens should sell their national
independence for the protecting favour of a German
despot. A war of aggression or of spoliation is one
of the greatest iniquities under the sun, but very
different is a defensive war, whether it be a defence
of rights or of principles. If Denmark be driven
to arms the onus of the decision will not be hers.
On the German Powers will rest the full obloquy
of disturbing the peace of Europe, and thereby
renewing the horrors of what NAPOLEON THE
GREAT justly denominated a " civil war.:'

Nothing seems wanting in the line of action
that has been drawn out by the continental inno-
vators. The Emperor of AUSTRIA has personally
addressed the troops that are intended for execution
in Schleswig. The advice tendered on this occasion
is not very salutary, but the meaning is Very signifi-
cant. In the first place the troops are bidden to
keep on " good terms with their Prussian brethren
in arms." It may be asked of what great conse-
quence is that, and how are they likely to dispute.
It is only too 'evident from all that has transpired
that there is only too much unity between the
allied belligerents. If there were a little more
rivalry or difference of opinion, much might be
expected to accrue which would tend to the advan-
tage of the other side; but it suits the avaricious
leanings and the grasping passions of these States
only too well to proceed in such an undertaking as
that in which they are now engaged. The sequence
of the EMPEROR'S address is full of meaning, and
very fully and clearly discloses the purport of the
transaction, laying bare the secrets of the ma-
noauvre. " I know that you will do your duty as
if you were at home, and, should it come to blows,
will show your courage." This is strange
language to use unless the occasion is one of emer-
gency, but it must by this time be evident to the
meanest capacity that the object and intention of
the organisers of the expedition is to proceed vi et
armis, and to force their way through thick and
through thin. It is very much to be regretted
that things should have come to such a pass,
and it is expedient that some means should
be devised for the suppressing of the plot. A
large sum has been demanded by the Austrian
Government for the expenses of the expedition :
in fine, everything tends to prove more and more
the urgency of the case, and to demonstrate the
fallacy of those arguments which were constantly
urged against the danger of allowing Federal exe-
cution in Holstein. All the sophistries then urged
have turned out to be very sorry ones, and the con-
duct of our Government in persisting to advocate
the expediency of the measure is about as unwise
as it is reprehensible. At all events it is gratify-
ing
to turn to the address of the Danes to the KING.
It is an expression of patriotic sentiments, and
breathes a spirit of resolute determination and ar-
dent zeal, which are especially necessary on such
an occasion, and without which all chancy of success
would be quite out of the question, A time like this is
a sure test whereby to try the mettle of a people, and
all well-wishers will look eagerly and earnestly on
while the game is being played out. There has
been as yet no hesitation evinced or reticence dis-
played in the bearing and demeanour of the in-
habitants of Denmark in this critical juncture, for
they have come forward with true ardour to bear
the brunt of an attack which is alike unprovoked
and illegitimate in its demands. The address com-
mences by an assurance on the part of the House
that they have seen with satisfaction the determi-
nation of the KING to maintain inviolate the
" liberty and independence"of Denmark, in answer
to the demands made by foreign nations that she
should surrender her rights and invalidate her Con-
stitution. Farther on they declare that the task
which the KING has inherited from his predecessor
is a difficult one, and may eventually be attended
with great sacrifices. " But," says the most im-
portant passage in the whole address, " they will
be willingly borne by the people to preserve
the inseparable union between Schleswig and the
kingdom." This is indeed coming to the point and
speaking as men and patriots. They could do no i
less than thus avow their intentions to advocate
and support a most determined resistance. At
the same time, while he has a right to
claim their counsel and to seek their sentiments,
the KING can do no less than now proceed and
persevere in the course actually commenced. It is
always gratifying to notice a complete accord be-
tween a Monarch and his subjects on an occasion of
such imminent peril, and so far, at least, a satisfac•
tory sight is presented by the denizens of Copen-
hagen. Nor is there any cause to dread that the
country will hesitate to ratify the agreement thus
entered upon by the KING and the Assembly. The
emphatic words which his MAJESTY has addressed
to a deputation in regard to this affair, rightly ex-
plain and powerfully declare the feelings which
actuate and animate him in this momentous struggle.
He says that if all others forsake him in the event of
a war, he yet hopes for the support of the Danish
people. Certainly, King CHRISTIAN has done his
utmost to deserve the success which no mortal can
command, and all civilised and free nations will bid
him God speed in his venture. It will be a burning
shame if our Ministers persist in drawing back from
all participation in matters which their blunders
have helped to bring to such a pass, and their ob-
stinacy has conspired to complicate. They must
reflect that there is more at stake than the check-
ing of arbitrary and assuming Powers on the Con-
tinent, of more consequence than the safety or pros-
perity of a persecuted Ally, and that is the honour
of England—which is in jeopardy by these events,
which is now entrusted to their hands to maintain
and vindicate, and of which a strict account will
one day be demanded of them. The Parliament
will shortly assemble, when recusant statesmen will
not find it so easy to baffle inspection and to shirk
responsibility, but beyond that court of inquiry,
there is another tribunal where evasion and crafty
diplomacy will not avail, and woe betide them if
they cannot undergo the fiery ordeal of public
opinion.

Our national love for discussion and debate is
generally very forcibly shown on the occasion of
Englishmen becoming involved in hostilities'in any
part of the globe. The English people have so
large a share, through the indirect agency of
public opinion in influencing the actions of their

Government that they feel in some measure per-
sonally responsible for its proceedings, and show a
consequent eagerness that the policy pursued and
the principles upheld should be worthy of them. If
this is the case in matters of internal legislation,
and in times of peace and order, it is doubly so
when words have passed into deeds, and argu-
ment and remonstrance are replaced by the logic
of the sword. We are by no means a military
people by habit or preference, although proving
formidable antagonists when roused; and thanks,
perhaps, to oar commercial predilections, our
" ideas" are all in favour of peace and progress,
rather than war and glory. There are some few
among us, too, who carry their love of peace,
and their appreciation of its blessings, to an ex-
treme that borders on the ridiculous ; and although
their numbers are small, and their disciples few,
yet the principles which they so warmly advocate
are not without their influence. A good many
people, again, are always inclined, on hearing of
any calamity, to relieve their feelings by blaming
somebody, and others have a pleasant habit of
owing
considering that s, Whatever is, is wrong," so that
no sooner are we engaged in hostilities in any
up starts some critic to
dil
apsasrutreofusththe rlatwioti
is certainly ha
to some error
or misconduct, national or political. 'The Crimean
war, we were continually assured, was entirely
due to the sins of this country, while the Indian
Mutiny was directly traced, perhaps with some
degree of truth, to a long course of misgovernment
and neglect. Our wars with China have given rise
to stormy discussions, our recent proceedings in Japan
have called forth an unlimited amount of censure,
while the conflict with the Maories of New Zealand,
although hastened if anything by the lenity of our
authorities, has been readily traced to British
tyranny and injustice. The rights of the aborigines
have been insisted on, their claims to consideration
brought forward, and a policy of extermination
strongly denounced. Side by side is our public
prints, with the despatch addressed to Sir GEORGE
GREY by the Colonial Minister on the subject of the
%titara lan 3, is a memorial to the Governor of
New Zealand by a large body of English noblemen
and gentlemen. The object of this communication
is to express a hope, that his Excellency would avail
himself of the first opportunity for coming to terms
with the natives, and that the policy recommended
in some quarters of confiscating the land of all con-
tumacious and rebellious natives should be avoided.
The memorialists, it is true, intersperse their sug-
gestions with many tributes to the Governor's
prudence, justice, and humanity, but the memorial
itself pays but a sorry compliment to these quali-
ties. The course which Sir GEORGE GREY has
hitherto pursued with reference to the Maories has
surely been humane and conciliatory enough to
clear him from all suspicion of unnecessary harsh-
ness, whatever means he may think necessary to
put down the rebellion. The Duke of NEWCASTLE,
in the despatch above referred to, remarks that,
while he fully approves of the course pursued by
Sir GEORGE by the abandonment of the disputed
land in May last, still he considers that such a con-
cession was beyondwhat could in strict justice be de-
manded. In the opening of this very address, too, we
find admission made of " the persevering efforts',
made by the Governor " to establish a system of
self-government in the native districts." With great
candour the memorialists also admit that these
efforts for the benefit of the natives have entirely
failed, and they profess a deep sympathy with the
difficulties of the Governor's position. Perhaps it
is hardly possible rightly to estimate those difficul-
ties, or to appreciate accurately the position of the
colonist. He has come out at great expense, and
with considerable risk, on an undertaking that all
parties regarded as perfectly lawful and praise-
worthy. He makes many sacrifices, and undergoes
many hardships. He finds the land a waste, and
the simplest principles of agriculture unknown and
uncared for. With time and labour he reclaims and
cultivates the land which he calls his own ; he shows
no illwill to his black neighbours, but lives peace-
ably, as he thinks, wth all around. Suddenly on
some idle pretext or another the natives declare war;
they seize his land, declaring that it belongs not to
the owner who sold it to the settler, bat to some
far-off chief who never agreed to its alienation. The
colonist is fortunate it he escapes unharmed with
his family to the shelter of the nearest town, to re-
turn, after long delay and cruel anxiety, to find his
home a heap of ruins and his ground laid waste.
In the face of scenes ike these the colonists feel
'ither as if the cry for justice should come on behalf
of themselves, while the Governor, whatever his
feelings of pity for the suicidal folly of an inferior
race, cannot but remember that his first duty is to
protect the lives and Property of the peaceable citi-
zens of whom he is the chief. No one can justly
accuse our colonial authorities of having shown un-
due precipitancy in following up the war. It is
well known that so great was the reluctance shown
that the colonists at last became indignant, and
threatened to take measures for their own protec-
tion. We have, therefore, no right to suppose that
bir GEORGE GREY, General CAMERON, or any of
those in power, willshow undue severity, or fail to
temper justice with mercy. Bat we should surely
be doing them equal injustice did we suppose that
they would leave their work half finished,
and put out the flame, leaving the smoulder-
lag embers ready to blaze up again at the
very first spark. It would be cruel kindness alike
to the native and the colonist were a hasty settle-
ment of differences superficially arranged, and were
all the present suffering to have been endured for
nothing. Let a thorough settlement be made now
the task is forced upon us. Let the natives have
their rights, and let them be rigidly respected,
but let no authority be recognised in the islands
on any pretence Whatever save that of her Majesty
Queen VICTORIA. The natives may style each
other what titles they please, after the fashion of
Indian Raj alas, but no King should for a moment be
recognised or tolerated. It should always be borne
in mind that the natives are by no means the inno-
cent and unsuspecting savages of romance. They
are naturally quick and clever, and have been
trained by the influence and intelligence of white
men. With regard to the confiscation of the land
there is no doubt that such, will be at all events
to some extent a necessary evil. The memorialists
should bear in mind when they talk of such a
policy driving the people to the " madness of de-
spair," that, by their own admission, it is only the
band of " contumacious and rebellious natives"
which it is proposed to confiscate, Who are conse-
quently in violent antagonism with us already.
Also, the value which they attach to property ie
more theoretical than practical, as is proved by
the little use they make of their land when they
have it. It would be well to take advantage of
this general convulsion to pass some enactment
regarding the transfer of land similar to Lord
CANNING'S Waste Land Bill in India, in order to
clear off the incubus of these old traditional pos-
sessors. Such a measure might be framed with
all possible leniency and fairness, but it would un-
questionably prove a great blessing to the Maories
themselves, who are continually disputing en-such
matters. They have always been famous for inter-
necine struggles and dissensions, although they
make common oause against the Pettlera. It is evi-

dent, in spite of the memorialists, that our autho-
rity must be restored with a high hand, and that
decided measures must be taken not only to obtain
peace but to ensure it. Such a course offers the best
hope for the future of the Maori race, and such a
course, promptly followed in Japan has secured the
submission of Prince SATSUMA, and the consequent
psotection of European residents from murder. We
see as yet no grounds for necessitating such an
appeal to the Colonial Governor, and consider that
matters are much better left to the discretion of
those on the spot, who can weigh the effect of every
word, than settled 16,000 miles off by critics alike
unable tl realise the magnitude of the danger and
to grasp the best means of dealing with it.

AMERICA.

[REUTER'S TELEGRAM.]
(Per the North American.)
NEW YORK, Jan. 7 (Evening).

A resolution introduced in the Senate to call out
1,000,000 volunteers for 90 days, to be commanded

by General Grant, has been referred to the Military
Committee. The New York Herald and Tribune
urge Congress to pass this resolution.
The House of Representatives has passed a reso-
lution that any proposition or negotiation with the
rebels ought to be rejected without hesitation or
delay.

A: large Confederate force, under Jones, has
captured 300 Federals at Jonesville, Western Vir-
ginia, who were guarding the country on which the
Federals depend for supplies of forage.

General Burnside retains his commission. His
command is not yet designated.

• Signal stations, occupied by a small garrison, are
to be established along the Mississippi for the pro
tection of its navigation, in accordance with a
recommendation from President Lincoln and the
Secretary of War.
Congress has ordered th© payment of bounties to
veteran volunteers to be continued until March.
The Opposition members favoured the measure as a
step towards the repeal of the Conscription Act.

The New York Tribune denies that it will be
necessary to issue more greenbacks.
The draft is reported to be postponed.

Gen. Butler has returned to Fort Monroe. It is
stated that he is entrusted with fall powers from
the Government to carry out his plans for exchang-
ing prisoners.

A delegation of prominent citiz3ns has left Ar-
kansas for Washington to arrange for the State of
Arkansas re-entering the Union.
The New Hampshire Republican State Conven-
tion has nominated Mr. Lincoln for the next pre-
sidency.

The Republican press are incensed against Gover.
nor Seymour's message to the New York State
Legislature.
The New York limes declares that Governor
Seymour's sympathies are with rebellion. The
New York Tribune denounces him as a traitorous
and malignant enemy of his country.
Archbishop Hughes was buried with great cere-
mony to-day. An enormous concourse of people
were present. The law courts and numerons
places of business were closed.
The Nova Scotia Government has placed the
steamer Chesapeake in the Admiralty Court.
The Africa has arrived at Halifax. The City of
Baltimore has arrived out.

NEW YORK, Jan. 8 (Evening).
A naval and military expedition has left New
Orleans, it is supposed for Mobile.
The Confederate movements in the Shenandoah
Valley have been checked by the severe weather
rendering the roads impassable.
In the House of Representatives, Mr. Arnold,
of Illinois, has urged Mr. Lincoln for the next Pre.
sidency, on the ground that hi- reappointment
would ensure emancipation throughout the Union.

The Governor of Maryland, in his message to the
Legislature, favours immediate steps for gradual
emancipation, and says :—" The natural resources
of Maryland are such as cannot be developed by
slave labour."

The secretary of the collector of New York cus•

toms has been sent to Fort Lafayette for complicity
with parties shipping goods to the South via
Nassau and Bermuda.

Another of the Chesapeake pirates is reported to
have been arrested at Halifax.

The steamer New York has put into Halifax
short of coals.

NEW You x, Jan. 9 (Morning).

Western Virginia advices report that the Con-
federates have surrounded the Federal garrison at
Petersburg, driven the Federals out of Burlington,
and are threatening Cumberland, Maryland, where
an attack is hourly expected. Fitz Hugh Lee and
Rosser are moving between New Creek and Peters-
burg. Yesterday they captured 36 Federal wag-
gons.

Imboden is reported to have been attacked by
the Federals near Winchester and driven back.

Very severe cold continues to, prevail throughout
the country, causing much sufferin4 aiGng the
Mississippi and through the Western States.

NEW YORK, Jan, 9, 2 p.m.

The Confederates are moving on Winchester,
Western Virginia. The Federals are prepared for
the attack.

Great excitement prevails among the inhabitants
of London (Virginia) in consequence of extensive
depredations being committed by lawless gangs,
supposed to be deserters from both armieq.
JAN. 9 (4 Pat.).

Washington telegrams report that the Confode
rates are retreating from the neighbourhood o
Peterburg and Winchester.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

NEW YORK, Jan< 8 (Evening).

Money tight. Gold, 511- per cent. prem. Ex-
change on London, 1661; do. Paris, 3.371. Stocks
steady. New York Centrals, 1314; Illinois, 118;
Erie, 1091. Cotton quiet; middling Upland, 81 to
811. Flour and wheat advancing. Corn in limited
demand. Provisions good inquiry. Coffee steady.
Sugar in good demand. Molasses steady. Petro-
leum inactive—crude, 311 to 321; refined, 46 to 47.
GALWAY, Jan. 19.

The Atlantic royal mail steamer Hibernia sailed
at 2.25 p.m. to-day, for New York, with 300 pas-
sengers, 28 mail bags, and the latest telegrams.

A RUINED PARlSH.—Before the present civil war
the population of St. Mary's, in Louisiana, contained 12,019
slaves, assessed as worth 6,433,250 dela., averaging 535
dole, for man, woman, and child. The plantations were
assessed at the value of 5,918,100 dols., the slave property
being as usual worth more than the real estate. Each slave
was reckored to net his master 175 per annum—one-third
of his assessed 'value. The whole taxable property of the
parish was assessed at 14,000,000 dole,, giving to each of
the 4,021 white inhabitants the handsome sum of 3,500 dols.
The war has destroyed this property, and obliterated these
values. The slave prosperity has gone, and the white po-
pulation are beggared. First came a derangement of all
ordinary pursuits, and then it degenerated into anarchy.—
Amertean Paper.
MR. MARK LEMON.—Last night, at 8 o'clock,
Mr. Mark Lemon, editor of Punch, gave his drama-
tic reading of "Hearts are Trumps," to a numerously at-
tended audience, at the Bridge House Hotel, Southwark, in
aid of the "Waited Kingdom Railway Officers and Servants'
Association. The chair was occupied by Captain Meek, of
Braintree-park.
LONDON, BRIGHTON, AND SOUTH COAST RAIL-
WAY.—Tho accounts for the past year having been sub-
mitted to the board, the directors have decided upon recom •
mending the payment of a dividend of 21 per cent. for the
half-year, leaving a balanse of about £10,600 to be carried
forward to the current half-year.
A committee of the Lords of her Majesty's most
Honourable Privy Council assembled yesterday, at
three o'clock, at the Council Chamber, Whitehall. Present
—The Lord Chancellor, the Lord President, Earl de Grey
and Ripon, Lord Cranworth, the Right Hon. Sir George
Grey, Bart., and the Right Hon. Robert Lowe, Their
lordships met to consider certain petitions for and against
the creation of an additional assize for the West Riding of
the county of York. Mr, Waddington, Under Secretary of
State for the Home Department, was present at the com-
mittee. Mr. A. Helps, the Clerk of the Council ; and Mr.
E,'Harrison, the Deputy Clerk, attended,
A NEW SONG, BY THE AUTHOR OF " GOD SAVE
THE QUEEN."—A valuable MS ecng by the celebrated Dr.
John Bull, author of " God Save the Queen," has been
found in the Public Record Office, and doubtless will soon
see the light through an enterprising publishing firm,

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

LREUTER'S TELEGRAM.]

SPAIN.
MADRID, JAN. 19 (Evening).

The President of the Council has declared in the
Cortes that the Government belongs to the doc-
trinal and historic party in Spain. He expressed a
wish for moderation between the constitutional
parties, and for the free exercise of the royal prero-
gative.

SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN.

HAMBURG, JAN. 19.

Prince Carl of Glucksburg, the eldest brother of
King Christian, has arrived here from the castle of
Louisenbund in Schleswig.
He leaves the country, after refusing to take the
oath of allegiawe to his brother,

HAMBURG, JAN. 20.

One brigade of Danish infantry was transferred
to-day from Schleswig to Flensburg, to which place
the military chests of two brigades have been sent.
All battalions composed of Schleswigers and
Holsteiners will be distributed amongst the Danish
regiments in such a manner that every man will be
a German.

TREBIGNE, JAN. 19.
A meeting of the revolutionary Rayahs have

unanimously decided upon refusing to pay taxes.

THE STATE OF POLAND.

WARSAW, JAN. 15.

Rumours are current that orders have been re-
ceived from St. Petersburg not to collect any more
signatures for addresses of loyalty to the Czar.
The official organ of to-day publishes about another
score of these documents got up in' the method
%lready sufficiently known. Arreststs en masse
continue in dwellings and in the streets.
Large numbers of women are constantly to be seen
waiting outside the citadel with linen and clothes
for their relatives condemned to transportation.

Upon the 9th inst. the police arrested several
very popular ecclesiastics. Among the number was
Canon Nowodworski, a Professor at the Clerical
Academy of Warsaw, the editor of the Catholic Rs
view, a person who held entirely aloof from politics.
He was arrested at his residence, and sent on imme-
diately to St. Petersburg, bat it is believed he will
be sentenced to share the exile of so many others in
the distant provinces of the empire. Among nota-
ble persons lately transported from Warsaw may be
cited MM. Narbut, Bronikowski, Wyzykowski,
Lesig, Heneberg, and Sieklucki.
If all the extraordinary contributions decreed
this year by General Berg are rigorously exacted
all opulent inhabitants will be reduced to beggary,
and the estates in the country will pass into the
hands of strangers. The landed proprietors last
year lost all their crops, either through having
supplied the National troops or through being
pillaged by the Russians. Cattle, plate, objects of
value, and savings have been carried off by the
Muscovites, and if some scanty remnants
of the harvest here and there exist, it is
impossible to sell them, for commerce has
disappeared. Hardly a tenth of the landed pro-
prietors remain, the remainder have been either
transported or compelled to abandon the country.

In Warsaw itself, neither commerce nor trade
are any longer to be found. 'The large houses
have either been closed by the Russians or have
failed. The population of the city is sensibly dimi-
nished. Tenants are no longer able to pay their
rent; the last contribution absorbed all the money
they had left. One of the richest owners of house
property in the city, M. Grodzieki, through
whose mansion the man who stabbed Major Roth-
birch fled, has been forced to borrow 10,000 roubles
(£1,500) to pay the fine at which he has been amerced
for the doors of his palace not having been closed,
according to the orders of the police.
One of the most capable Engineer officers of the
Russian army, General Kerbeck, a Pole by birth,
bat attached to Russia by education, and the honours
he has received, in great favour also with the Grand
Duke Constantine, has just been dismissed from
his post of Director of Roads and Communication
in the kingdom of Poland, for having opposed
some arbitrary measures proposed by General
von Berg at the Council. He has been replaced
by General Schonberski, an old officer of 70.
General Kerbeck objected to the closing of the
University decreed by the Czar and the replace-
ment of the Polish railway officials by Germans, as
wished by Von Berg, Von Muschivitz, one of the
contractors for the Warsaw and Vienna line, and
General Gerehfeld, the adjunct to the Minister for
Roads and Communications at St. Petersburg.
General Kerbeck relied upon a clause of the
charter of the company, which reserved to the
Poles the right of employment upon the railway.
General Berg insisted upon the reversal of the
clause. General Kerbeck replied that the stipula-
tions of charters could not be reversed at the caprice
of parties not concerned, but he has nevertheless
succumbed in the struggle.

The Gazette Narodowa of yesterday says :—" Ad-
vices from Wilna announce the definitive de-
parture of General Mouravieff for St. Petersburg,
while Ruthenia and Lithuania will nevertheless
remain subject to his authority, as he has been ap-
pointed President of the committee of the Western
provinces (formerly Poland). The committee will
be established at St. Petersburg, and is intended to
effect the pacification of those provinces. Moura-
vieff will be replaced by General Kryjanowski, who
has been associated with him quite recently."

FRANCE.

PARIS, JAN. 20.

In reply to the pamphlets denying the advan-
tageous results of the Mexican expedition, and
asserting that a very small portion of the people
had declared in favour of the French, the Mositeur
of this morning quotes the statement of the limes,
that sevemeighths of the population had recognised
the Regency, and says :—" We regret that when it
is necessary to render justice to our foreign policy
we must seek the truth in foreign, and not in
French journals:'
BOURSE, Jas.l9.—The market has been without
animation, but the prices of 'yesterday pretty well
maintained. Threes, for the Account, are now at
66fr. 55c., and Mobilier at 1,025 fr. Little doing in
Railway Shares. The market closed as follows :

41 per Cents 9l 10
Do. old month• • • —
3 per Cents
Do. end month 6O 60
Credit Moldtier...Jo22 50
Do, end month 1025
Think Shares 3280
CvAit Foncier
Roman

Italian Loan 6B
Do. end month 6B
New ditto
Do. end mouth —
It ussian
Austrian
Sin Threeß.. b.
/tome Polbt
Deferred

rik IL'

'Ay S.
Cash. Account.
992 50 .. 992 50
947 50 ..

Orleans
Northern
New ditto —
Lyons and Mediterranean 935
New ditto
Southern 652 50 . • 656 25
We3tera .. .. • .
.Hastern
Sardinian 382 50 .. 7
Austrian
Low bard 517 50 • • 517 50
North of Spain
Saragossa 585
___ .. 587 50
]Ditto to Barcelouq, . „ 2BO • •
,

- -
••
938 75
.•

(rant Orobt

HER MAJESTY•

OSBORNE, San.
The Queen and Princess Louise drove out Ye''
terday afternoon, attended by Lady Churchill.
Princess Helena rode on horseback, attended
the Hon. Lucy Lyttelton. „

•
The Prince and Princess of wales. •
His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, acc°l:6'
parried by the Earl of Macclesfield (who is stall
on a visit at Frogmore for a few days),andattendel
by Captain G. H, Grey (the Equerry in Viait!";
and Mr. Herbert W. Fishor (the Prince's Pilz
secretary), left Frogmore House for a days hunti;vd
with the harriers. There was a gocd font, "es
fair sport, although the ground was in some Pl.ftece
rather heavy through the late rains. The Vrllo,
and his party returned in the afternoon to Fr°°.

more.
On inquiry yesterday afternoon it Was asaces
tamed that her Royal Highness the Prince—og
Wales had the infant prince were still Pr°grefj6
most favourably.

IN
NS
THE PRINCESS OF WALES WITH 11E11 - 1
PRINCESS, will not be moved from Frogolore f°tot
period of six weeks; meanwhile Parliament will handcr,
and a very busy London " season " inaugurated. It t 0
ences to the happy event will be made in both houses
early
CABINET COUNClL.—Yesterday sumnnonev' Aeto
issued for a Cabinet Council on Saturday next.
0
A "
MR. THACKERAY AND MR. DICKENS.--"-
thol
spondent says;—" You have no doubt heard nfr,
disagreement existed between Mr. ThackeraY atu eot
Dickens, and that for some length of time they
friendly, That was the case ; but it is most grattlr:ia
know that the quarrel was made up before Mr. Thaeltfr;t.
death. Singularly enough, this happy eirculustaeAcehoo
curred only a few days before the time when it w49°,1",,"
been too late. The two great authors met by aeclude,,:ro
the lobby of a club, both hanging up their hats arge"ott
the same moment. They suddenly turned and setiriaoo
other, and the unrestrained impulse of both was to
the hand of forgiveness and fellowship. With that Tlt•
ti
grasp the differences which estranged them eeeeetti,Bollo
must have been a great consolation to Mr. Dickens °l'"
saw his great brother laid in the earth at liensal-gte6l:oo
THE STEAMSHIP LOUISIANA.—A serious d'B7oool
has befallen the Louisiana, one of the Satlioft
Steam Navigation Company's Liverpool and New 110
screw steamships. The Louisiana sailed from Linirndloar
New York on the sth of January, arrived safely at 'cite
town on the following day, and proceeded on bet In"; tli°
On Monday she put back to Queenstown, havtag-1, 100/
13th of January suffered severely in a hurricane. m-etait(l
12 of her crew and 3 passengers. A report from that 930
officer of the ship states that the vessel was struck 6,1 ist°
p.m, of the 13th by a heavy sea, The officer and bo8;00
immediately afterwards cautioned the crew not tete° ier
the forward deck-house any longer. They, hocreler;4o6
lected to remove, and were washed away. The 14°
has sr ;twined no damage to hull or machinery. nice
ARC OF MERIDIAN.—An interesting Conillitl the
tion from Dr. Otto Torell has been wade ~aOl
Royal. Society, through General Sabine, detailing licriclise,
sures in progress for the measurement of an arc of fetid
sures
in a high northern latitude. The Swedish Diet e,i'cr•
e 0;
the money necessary to complete the survey at Die
There is every reason to expect that the practice TI•
I°
the undertaking will be settled in the next suooser. 00;1
Diet has likewise voted a sum towards the proposealcoe
Middle-European Triangulation from Palerolo tc psi
hjem, and has also made a grant for the erection 11
"
astronomical observatcry at the University of Latu:c'oe,/,
DIRECTING THE WAR FROM WAslllO.OO
The Federals have constructed upwards of 5,00 rat!
military telegraph, and the Secretary of Was atete,
the course of last year at least 1,200,000 telegrams "
along these lines—about 3,300 a day.
A SHORT RECKONING.—The New 10'
Society (of New York) celebrated by a dilin-plagre,
month the 243 d anniversary of the landing of the " Dex,
in Plymouth. The Rev. Henry Ward Bee/top 4°'
called upon to speak to the toast of the /41.„:i rtheL
America abroad," said that the advocates of the into`
cause abroad might be numbered without a.etting OP
L,,A
teens, He proceeded to reckon them, and is repot
having had occasion to count beyond the dozen. It ifi°
HIGH ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.—.A reesociele
read a few days ago at a sitting Of th°,E,
Medicala d'Emulation, one curious paper by P1...":0°
which he recommends a high atmospheric Pre-ooli l'ef(
cure for various diseases. He remarks that fisil 00.4
the greatest possible barometrical variations by tc,4terj
their air-bladder, which, by swelling up, can Eactle ti
-
even momentarily suspend, the circulation of Witt or
The permanence of viscero-muscular preset/J;(23,04
prevents the formation of a vacuum ; the air-bled
upon the vena cave and the aora, and thus to,
the shock of the vital fluid on its te,/(1000, 6134
birds there are air-bladders all round the 11,0 r:
nearly resembling the lungs. The higher a bira ",*-0 coe:g
the larger are the reservoirs for air covered *tri perF
tractile organs. The very bones and feathers sllole P;
for air, and in the more powerful species air bag art of
vided even under the skin. The ostrich, the c 700101,1
other swift runners, have their largest air bage.d.i-d 1:"of
muscles of the thigh ; the condor, swallows ""odet,o,
whose power of flight is great, have those bags hoe
muscles of the wings. By this organisation all tr" orL Of
turea can bear any amount of atmospheric preeted re,
faction within reasonable limits ; for the inuaelle`iieots.cit
the ocean, measuring thousands of fathoms, ford Oroo
are unfit for animal life; and fish that, by 0, 13-00
ment, have been let down to such d of dell
been brought up again dead. The eft.eo,o
pressure of the atmosphere, though tcle'teale4t/10
known before, have been quite recently t befe
England, where it has been found th to 166,0
filled with liquids, and then well corked, but 00 7)0,0 ter
small empty space between th;7i liquid and c of 6;00
if kept for an hour under the pres.aure of a e°lr9ollol} tp°
2,000 fathoms high (which may be done by 11P11. faool3deiell
have their corks pressed down to the peen 6-thaßilgfiret6
IB
liquid. An empty bottle had its cork chi/oli 013-4
brought up again filled with water. ApplYl"..„'o.ls'4"qe,:g
to therapeutics, Dr. Foley remarks that 1:01;-tata•
obliged to breathe more quickly than well taOtliat
plains, because the air is more rarified ens dolg' if
than in the plains, and therefore affords lesal° oforet pet
utt
breath than the denser air. Conversellt 04,0 get
ow
patient be in want of more oxygen than be so
`-
truc
tha ordinary pressure, let him be exposed t°o hyo°vale
rendered artificially denser. This can be Oil Wei/41;0.ta fr
ing a small chamber, communicating with °orQad orft/I:g
and provided with an air gauge and a el' abieCw aole;
patient confined in such a chamber may be 8„
out inconvenience to the pressure of about St,
and a half. By this treatment catarrh, ael''-rePle"lijoa.
complaints of the respiratory organs may bate, ad/e/It ooti/j,'
croup he compressed air will flatten down "sdisakflel°t, 4f°'
membranes ; and in disorders arising ire° aSe
are
New gaIIIP6111.00ire;
pressed air will arterialise the blood, a: -
power of theipatient.—Galignani.
HARD LYlNG.—There lives ill '4 tough; '1 fit
man called Joe, a fellow noted forththejoe '3'11,1°44
can tell. A correspondent informs us that
choked wit-13 t 03-;
Holton's lately, and found him almost cll.onc
ohoao,
when he suggested, " You don't know' as ti1,,11,4 ear° 00!
naging smoky chimneys as I do, Squire, or Yu ee
" Ahl" said Holton, with interest, did juold ear
smoky chimney cured 1" Seen it P" $ cdountl,,,tr
think I have. I had the worst one in Seaboarav,
tos telioo
and I cured it a little too much.' ow 1 built 6 fist
asked Holton. " Why, you see," said Joe.
years
house out yonder, at-Wolf Hollow 10 or 12 . bocl "17 1
Bush, the fellow that built the chimneys, kepbue othe,
toldth reehttrair ttehrosnogfhtthheet,
di mhea,vaenedo
racertahziyti
to it and finished the house. Well, we lu°v° 00010 lot/
All the ot alit
fire the next morning to boil the kettle.
_,_14.8 ; ,
through the room and went out of the wiar '
gdrwarnlcondgi._ta, both ill
went up the flues. We tried it for two or teura"to
got worse and worse. By and by it caul oit ot 0:00
the rain began to come down the chiraneY• „ th a
tilt e
outw.e
hinadatmo minute, and
eanhdandyiroencttlyheituocoarraaesdsrountierweitl:
it would have been drowned. In 15 minutes loot iv6"oo/
knee-deep on the floor. I pretty soon 5ew.,0,,, aireve'oll",
matter. The drunken cuss had put the 0111°7, 'ail tbe ,010. t
up, and it drawed downwards. It gather.u.btiortto
within a hundred yards, and poured it doweltlt?',.oitop.., ill
" Well, that was unfortunate," remark a
what in the world did you do with the house', one vail
/hong°. aTa
never cured that chimney r' "Didn't .1
101t0O• 0
old Joe ; "yes, I did." " How r' asked 1
_to thecio;too
it the other end up," said the incorrigible,
ay
cute,_.o;,,,
omungelt.
"Drawh a vese itToo radureahw?.
,Talssiaakiteaciwolalisdotihjtoonne:::,:::r, oriel!
t,ii.:ol:eisdeo:o,lll:
down the
,othricraud:ir,,oo,.tl,srs,estt:i
ayfotterrowitroygjtottdgtheefoerhyintounres;ldfo,
oannoetohfetrhoef
,rodaniaierhsooouttinogf
towardsthr mho
firepi.o;en
grabber,
door lee 3 ,1 ijer
and started ; but just as I got to the her
the
eloel went, en
woment, and
nlnsdeeertohneebaarcink loagngdotihneg
ba!',l;l
dotudeereatt
otcoig,
across the door backwards, holding on jasta°,ooo;
carpet, yelling awfully. It wasn't nol wO,
going over the top of the chimncY,
_40(.1 fljo tt,o
her," " Well, what did you do thehnoPusa;„ o.o'
00 t;0
course you could not live in such. a I c
put a raitly 6°
though ?" said Joe ; " but I did
Pa tother 'O7ll
jamb of the fireplace, and that drawe
001 bard lYt
had no more trouble." That is what vy
:New x ark Herald.