The Sun.
London, England, 1852-08-27 00:00:00

LONDOW

FRIDAY EYENINCI, AUG:tTST

BRITISH EMPIRE MUTUAL FIRE

ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
The fourth annual meeting of this society was held
yesterday at the offices, New Bridge-street, Black
friars ; James Low, Esq , of Gracechurch-street,
presiding.
The CHAIRMAN said he hardl knew whether to be
pleased or not at the very small number of subscribers
y
who were present on that occasion. It certainly did
seem somewhat extraordinary that the attendance
should be so limited when they had issued nearly
7,000 policies, the holders of which must all be deeply
interested in the prosperity of the society;
but he felt
assured that this was owing to the confidence which
was reposed in the board of directors, and to the
knowledge that the reports and accounts of the society,
giving ample information on every subject of interest,
would be printed for the use of the members and the
public. The report always enabled the members to see
the exact position of the society, and thereforerendered
it unnecessary for them to waste any
originated with a
time by attending
the annual meetings. The society
few gentlemen, who united themselves together with
the view of carrying out what they believed would
be an important principle in connexion with fire
assurance. After examining the statistics of the sub-
ject, they thought there was no reason why the mu-
tual principle should not be successfully introduced
into fire assurance, instead of having a large and
costly proprietary, and laying aside a great sum of
money uselessly. Under this system the profits aris•
ing from the business, after laying by a sufficient sure
to meet any losses which might be sustained by the
society, would be divided from time to time among
the shareholders. This being the fourth annual meet-
ing, a good opportunity had been afforded for testing
the soundness of the
principle on which the society
was established ; and the promoters considered that
all their anticipations had been fully realised. In the
first instance they bad
no funds on which to fall
back, but the directors were so convinced of the se-
curity of the society that they made themselves re-
sponsible for any losses that might occur, and, of
course, it was impossible to carry on the business of
such an office without some losses. During the four
years the total losses amounted to 3,7341., and that
was made up of sums varying from Is., though it
could hardly be supposed persons would make
so low a claim,
to 8001. and 9001. It was
the main object of the directors to pay all
claims as soon as their amount could be
fairly ascertained, and he believed that no office
was more prompt in that respect than the British
Empire Mutual. The society was not managed by
persons with high-sounding names, but by plain
tradesmen who had lived many years in London, and
always borne an untainted and irreproachable
character, and no doubt they would have
more weight with the public than persons
who were simply known for their titles. He
considered that the society was now fairly estab-
lished in public favour, but he felt that neither the
directors nor policy holders had done all they could,
or their 7,000 policy holders might soon be doubled.
Though their income was now nearly 8,0001: a year,
they could do ten times the business without mate-
rially adding to their expenses. Last year they had
made their first triennial return to the policy holders,
which the directors saw their way to making 12i per
cent. on the premiums, and at the next distribution,
two years hence, he expected they would be called to
make such a return as must tell on the public mind in
favour of the mutual system. He had been for many
years paying 1201. per annum for premiums, and be
had never had any returns from the old offices, though
he would have been very glad to have obtained 12i
per cent. He hoped next year every policy holder
would bring another, and if they brought twenty it
would be all the better, as they would make then so
much more profit, which mast be divided amongst
themselves. In conclusion, he called upon the secre-
tary to read the short and pithy report which had
been prepared by the directors.
Mr. W. S. Govan, the secretary, then read the
report, of which the following is a copy
The directors have the pleasure to state that the pros-
perity of the society, so uniform and gratifying in years
past, has not only been maintained but increased during
the year now closed. _

Tile division of profits at the commencement of last
year has given much satisfaction to the assurers.
The following statistics evince the growing confidence
of the public in the application of the Mutual principle,
without personal liability, to the operations of Fire As-
surance, and their appreciation of its advantages:—
The number of new policies The amount assured by new
issued in the policies issued in the
Ist year was
2d year
3,1 year
4th year .. 2,074 4th year 829,540

Making a total of 1
policies issued 6,766
in four years ...

Slaking a total of
assurances ef-
fected in four 2,724,120
years of
megoing were—in the
£2,083 19 5
... 3,159 17 0
... 4,870 2 9
... 6,589 18 5

The receipts on the IV
Ist year ... .
2d year ... .
3d yEar
4th year ...

five years ; and here he wished it to be undr,rstood
that he had made his calculations on their net income,
irrespective of the duty, which would, if he took that
into consideration, double the receipt's. Once they
convinced the public that the mutual was preferable
to the proprietary system for fire assurance, he be-
lieved this institution would become one of the best
in the country.—(Hear, hear.)
A vote of thanks to the chairman and directors
terminated the proceedings.

COURT CIRCULAR.
OSBORNE, THURSDAY.
The Queen, Prince Albert, and the Royal Family
walked and drove in the grounds yesterday.
The Right Hon. George Banker, Judge Advocate
General, arrived at two o'clock, and had an audience
of her Majesty, to submit the proceedings of some
general courts-martial.
The Earl and Countess of Derby arrived at St.
Leonard's on Wednesday afternoon, from a visit to
the Queen, at Osborne.

The American Minister, Mrs. Abbott Lawrence,
end Miss Lawrence, have left town, on a visit to his
Grace the Duke of Rutland, at Longshaw Lodge,
Derbj shire.

THE ATLANTIC STEAMERS.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES.
Sir,—There may be some excuse for the pertinacity
with which the farmers cling to a belief in the justice of
Protection when they see the inconsistencies into which
some Free-traders are led when their private interests
are at stake. A striking instance of this appeared a few
days since in one of the last letters of " Our own Cor-
respondent" from New York.
In order fully to appreciate the inconsistency to which
I allude, it will be recollected that the English and Ame-
rican Governments have each a subsidized line of steamers
between Liverpool and New York; that hitherto the
subsidy granted by the respective Governments being
equal, there has been as fair a competition between the
rival companies as the vicious system would admit of.
Both have done their best in the trial of speed, and, es
yet, it must bo conceded the advantage lies in a slight
degree with the American company. This small ad-
vantage (about four hours, I believe, in the race across
the Atlantic) is considered by the Americans as a victory
unsurpassed by the Nile or Trafalgar. Their news-
papers allude to it continually as s national triumph.
The company, however, found that racing with the Bri-
tiabErs, though highly honourable, was not Equally lucre,-
tivc, aid, like ()dyer Twist, went to Congress "to ask
for more," expre,sly on the grounds that they had
beaten the " Britiaers," and could not afford to continue
to do so without an additional grant. Sundry indepen-
dent members of Congress demurred, as the sum de-
manded by the American Company was exactly twice
as much as the English Governm( nt paid for the same
work, and because there were sundry enterprising New
Yorkers who offered to beat the Britishers at the old
price. Hoe ever, at last interest end claptrap about na-
tional glory prevailed, and the vote was passed. This,
your correspondent—a regular Free-trader, be it rcmem-
bered—naively calls " rewarding the peaceful victories
of American citizens." How he can reconcile his free-
trade principles with the approval of a bounty of the
worst sort, intended avowedly to crush all competition
by an overwhelming State grant, is for him to say, and
the inconsistency is not diminished on learning that the
agent of this gigantic monopoly in this country is a
zealous free-trade Member of Parliament, an opponent of
the Navigation Laws, and an advocate of unfettered
commerce throughout the world.
Speaking of the Americans, they seem to have peculiar
ideas about reciprocity. They give an enormous bounty
to their own steamers, and are horrified at the idea of
the colonists giving a small one to their fishermen. They
are too happy to fish in our waters,where there plenty
is
the
of fish, and are willing, in
wherereturn, to concede to us
right of fishing in theirs,
catch. They have doubts about there are no fish to
the interpretation of
the word " bay" in the Fisheriesc
tohnvention, but are
quite sure that a voyage round half
Cali-
fornia is a mere coasting trip; and, finally,
ewld to
pickle aboutaiPseran
now some reciprocity in they have
guano.
Sam Slick used to talk about their from wooden
nutmegs, but that is nothing compared with
the legal
profits from reciprocity.—l have the honour to be, Sec.,
Carlton Club, Aug. 25. FAIR PLY.

(From the Times.)
Most readers will recollect that during the recent de-
bates in the American Congress the storm
upon national rights were varied by the introduction discussions a
very different proposition. A commercial company
ny
charging itself with the navigation of the Atlantic b
of
e-
tween Liverpool and New York, and subsidized expressly
by the State in aid of its performances, applied to have
its premium increased. As the augmentation demanded
amounted to 100 per cent. on the original grant, the pe-
tition created some little consternation, but in the end it
was granted, and the American line of Atlantic steamers
will henceforth receive twice the subsidy before given.
This circumstance has been made the subject of allusion
by a correspondent, whose communication, with the sig-
nature of " Fair Play," will be found in another part of
our impression. That the writer is strangely mistaken
in his reference of the question to that of free trade will
be very easily discovered ; but the general train of
thought suggested by the letter may be turned, we coil-
ceive, to some profitable account. It is by no means clear
that these matters are rightly understood either on one
side of the ocean or the other.
Between Liverpool and New York there are running
two lines of steamers, one British and one American,
encouraged in each case by large grants of money from
their respective Governments to perform the voyage in
the shortest possible time. The subsidy contributed to
the British line amounts to a quarter of a million ster-
ling; that enjoyed by the American Company was till
lately about the same. It is understood that, in consi-
deration of these special allowances, the stipendiary
companies are to disregard certain ordinary views of
mercantile enterprise. The vessels are built for speed
only, and carry no heavier cargoes than mails and pas-
sengers, their otherwise enormous tonnage being ab-
sorbed in engine and coal room. They differ, in fact,
from vulgar merchantmen little less widely than ships
of war, being constructed not, indeed, for fighting, but
for running, to the prejudice of all more productive ca-
pacities. Under these circumstances the passage across
the Atlantic has been reduced from weeks to days,
and is now literally a question of hours. The
American steamers, though not excelling our
own in their average performances, have succeeded
in winning one race by about half a neck; that is
to say, the very quickest transit on record—being four
hours shorter than that next to it—has been executed by
an American vessel. As the passage may be set at about
250 hours, there, of course, seems margin enough to
make up the odd four, and it is evident that favourable
circumstances of work or weather might any day turn
the scale in favour of the English. The competition,
indeed, is to be prosecuted more vigorously than before,
and it is upon this assumption, coupled with the credit
of " victory," that the American company has suc-
ceeded in obtaining the large increase of subsidy men-
tioned above.
Between the two Governments, therefore, a bounty
amounting to something like three-quarters of a million
annually will be paid upon ocean racing. Now, there
can be no doubt that it is of the very highest import-
ance to bring two such countries as Great Britain and
America as close as possible to each ether. It may be
conceded, also, that the great principle at stake is not
damaged by the smallness of the gain apparently pro-
curable. Four hours is not a large proportion of 250, but,
if hours and even minutes h ad not been closely
reckoned, that very average of 250 would never
have been reached. A chronometer obtains the
prize over another by the difference of thirty seconds in
a year. This difference in itself may be inappreciable,
but it is owing to this competition for seconds that our
ordinary timepieces go so well to minutes. In a good
race the actual difference will always be smd all; other-
wise, indeed, the race would not bo a good one. Bat,
granting all this, is it worth while, upon sound views of
if
policy, to purchase the improvementsstill
d possibly ob-
tainable at so high a premium, and so, is this premium
offered in the most advisable shape and manner?
Considering the relative position of the two countries,
their commercial relations, and their natural advantages,
it is perfectly certain that the traffic. acress the ocean
which divides them would not only be performed with-
out the aid of bounties, but would be performed under
the stimulus of strong competition. This competi-
tion would not indeed legitimately be pushed to the
extent of trading without profit. Remuneration would
always be looked to as a fair condition of a
voyage ; but what, it may be asked, would be the
probable difference between voyages thus executed under
the ordinary incentives of trade, and those performed
under the artificial encouragement of bounties? It is for
this difference, and nothing more,. that our state pre-
miums are now paid; and if 111 miles an hour could be
done at a profit, is it desirable to do 11 at a loss? Per-
haps it may be said that four or five hours difference in
the delivery of a mail may make the difference of peace
or war between the two countries, and that we need
hardly look beyond the recent crisis for an illustration
of the contingency. Bat would even the mails, on the
whole, be carried less expeditiously than at present if the
duty were left to the unaided energies of British and
American mariners? For it is not to bo forgotten that
136
if bounties provide us with one swift line of steam-ships,
they entirely drive all others from the field.
the gained, the stimulus
sti-
mulus of fixed premiums is us of free
competition is lost. No vessel will attempt to run against
another which starts with the advantage of a subsidy.
The reader will easily observe that thre is a great
distinction between bounties thus allotted and the en-
couragements commonly offered to mechanical or scien-
tific excellence. When premiums were proposed for the
best chronometers, we did not contract beforehand to
pay an annual stipend to some manufacturing house, but
adjudged the reward to the best performance after free
competition. In the same w
yachts, there are substantiaayl w.biitchenrtaivceeshotroseoesxair_edled;
levince,
but they do not include
tbe spednial bounties
.l st
of
or builders, although
inetrheinsearcyassetsim
thantchlntP :));
tition is much weaker in
seagoing steamers. It is hardly clear therefor/101c
our policy in this respect is sound, althoughlr:is 5,t
other hand, it may be said, perhaps, thas; °steamers
w
stake than mere superiority of speed- American,
ultimately triumphant, whether Brit ocean to and
will monopolize the whole traffic of_rth
fro, and this traffic it is well waltst "no private
securing by
a bounty to the conquero adusalaried company,
speculator could contend with.ne Could compete with
so no unsubsidized British line The Americans,
a subsidized Americanre
etting the Atlantic to
evoked competion on
indeed, say that
yaninow expect that still
ourselves when a gledsw.dperethraei
er.?.ter,t
them in our place. But what
their side of the
better premium wf1151,[0113 s,yreggle? Four hours' advan-
is to be the end
es will certainly not decide such a
tags, more yr
sod if, as has been plainly confessed,
hchartipionslukera
have cost an extra quarter of a million
these four i"-- What will be the expense of a genuine or perma-
nentW
victory,
We have
thrown out these remarks for public con-
..
_idemtion, because it appears to us that experience is
going
very near towards convicting the country of error
is the Case before us, and that the two States are ap-
proaching the predicament of rival railway companies.
At the very period when the room for improvement has
become smallest we are rendering ourselves liable to the
largest demands. As things now stand, it is scarcely
possible, in the absence of any remarkable invention,
that the speed of our Atlantic voyages can be
m
terially increased. We may work up our four
turnfourhotubrais'
arreurage, or the Americans, perhaps,
surplus into five, but we hardly see how rnueli more is
to be expected. Meantime, the free course of
compe-
tition is entirely suspended,aw and after giving a
quarter of a million a year, we shall be reduced to
a-
the
necessity of either spending as much more,
or submit-
tingwhich
in this respect to a disadvantage will neutra-
' lize our bounty altogether.
_ _

IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDE-PARK.—Duriog the last
few days a large number of workmen have been busily en-
gag ed by the Commissioners of Woods and Forests in
widening the carnage-way which runs by the aide of the
Serdeutille, and makilig other improvement§ And alteratW•

S T

/c/77-7.-

.2j

IRELAND. - - ii 4
THE SIX-MILE BRIDGE AFFAIR.
Z'4(.11
DUBLIN, THURSDAY, WE,teTaaylall appri4t. n
was made to Mr. Justice Cr eeI:IWV
Queen's Bench chamber, to a.' it r: ' a 1tt-
,.., •,
and the eight soldiers of the 31st to bail.
Mr. Murphy, as counsel for the accused, briefly
stated the grounds on which he moved fur the en-
largement of the prisoners. The depositions taken
at the late inquest were very voluminous but be
would, for the present, read the affidavit of voluminous, Del-
mege. That gentleman deposed--
" That on the 21st of July he, as magistrate, received
orders from Mr. Armstrong, the high sheriff of the
county, to act with a military escort in protecting voters
who were proceeding to Six-mile-bridge polling-place,
and when they had gone about two miles he discovered
that seventeen of the voters had been kidnaipped and
been carried away by a lawless mob, and that they were
locked up at Thomond Gate. He accordingly went to
the rescue, accompanied by some of the soldiery ard by
an cfficcr, and after rescuing the voters, rind while
approaching towards the polling-place, the escort and
the men under their charge were attacked ty a
most violent anti excited mob, and their lived placed
in great danger. It was sworn to by the 'nit-
, nesses at the inquest that he (Mr. Delmege) not only
fired himself burs gave orders to the military to fire, al-
though the counsel who appeared for the m xt of kin urged
it as oLe of the grounds of impeachment against the
soldiery that they had fired without getting any orders.
in the most express and positive
tietrrm. s, that snore.nvo
rfired a shot that day, or gave orders
to that effect, and it was impossible for him to give such
orders, for the lane NO, re the occurrence took place
by cars, and by the soldiers,
and
ds crowded wadaesd b y
severalthe
yardsileopel;rom them, and could not see
the soldiers until the last shot was fired. The affidavit
went on to state that the present case was made to as-
sume not only a political, but a religious tendency, and
the conduct of the mob was the most violent and furious
the deponent ever witnessed, and such was the feeling
of hostility subsequently evinced towards him and wit-
nesses, that they could not obtain even a lodging-in the
town. The state of terrorism and fear was such, that
to this he attributed the verdict of wilful murder, as
men would not consider their properties safe if they re-
turned a different verdict.
" Mr. Murphy (Mr. Delmege's counsel) observed that
the affidavit of Mr. Delmege in the most explicit terms
negatived the charge of his having fired a shot or
given orders to the military to fire; and then, with re-
spect to the soldiers, it would be sufficient to read the
evidence of Lieutenant Hutton and Captain Eager to
show the imminent danger to which these men were ex-
posed from a hostile and violent mob.
"Judge Crampton thought it would be better merely
to mention the purport of these depositions.
" Mr. Murphy briefly referred to their evidence, as
proving that the Queen's troops had been violently at-
tacked, and had to fire in self-defence and for the pro-
tection of themselves and the voters whom they were
escorting.
" Mr. Barry, as counsel for the next of kin, opposed
the application to admit the prisoners to bail. He had
only been recently instructed in the case, and had only
then heard read the affidavit of Mr. Delmege; but it
appeared to him that the motion was one which the
court could not entertain. No rule was better settled—
and it had been very recently followed—than that the
court could not act upon the sworn denial of a party
who was charged with offence; and the judge could not
say, looking to the depositions in the case, and the find-
ing of the jury, justice would be done by admitting the
accused to bail.
a "Judge Crampton observed that it was, as mentioned
by counsel, not the practice to act upon the swearing of
the person who stood charged with an offence.
"Mr. Barry then proceeded to urge that there were
not merely informations, but the finding of a jury, and
by that verdict Mr. Delmege was implicated equally with
the
Crampton remarked that if the Crown ob-
sougieers " j
.
jected be would not admit the
This was the usual course of proceeding, and he there-
fore wished to hear what they had to
matter. parties to the bail.
say upon the

"Mr. Barry then submitted that, as counsel for the
next of kin, he occupied the same position)as counsel
for the Crown, and had the same right to interpose
of
and although he admitted it was the course
Public
policy to allow prosecutions to be taken up by the officers
of the Crown in this country, yet ho apprehended that
the next of kin had a right, when they thought it
necessary, to select their own counsel, and to carry on
proceedings in order to obtain justice; and if this was
their right, the counsel occupied as decided a position as
those ordinarily acting for the Crown, and his objec-
tions were entitled to as sufficient weight. He cited a
case to show that the Court invariably refused to

take bail when a coroner's jury had ;found a verdict of
wilful murder. When the people' were the accused,
that rule was strictly adhered to; therefore he saw no
reason for a deviation from it in te present case.
" Judge Crampton—l only know here the next of kin
and the prosecutors. Ide not take notice of such a
body as the people.'
" Mr. Barry said he was in error in using the ex-
pression he had done while seeking to convey his mean-
ing. He then referred to the case of The Queen v.
Smith,' where a gentleman of large fortune in tne same
county of Clare, and a magistrate, having been charged
with conspiracy to murder, and that only by informa-
tions, the most solvent bail was refused to be taken until
the Court were satisfied that further incarceration would
be dangerous to the life of the prisoner. Upon these
grounds ho submitted that the application ought to be
refused.

" Mr. Hayes said ho appeared on the part of the
Crown, and he was pleased that Mr. Barry had Leen
heard to make his statement on behalf of the next
of kin.

" Mr. Barry begged to say that ho had omitted to
allude to another objection, which was, the finding of
another inquest upon the body of another of the men
killed on the same day.

" Judg© Cramptonstated that this was not an objec-
tion to be entertained, for each case should be disposed
of on its own merits, and one case was not to affect
another.

" Mr. Hayes, as counsel for the Crown, was well
pleased that Mr. Barry had the opportunity afforded him
of stating what occurred to him as representing the next
of kin. He (Mr. Hayes) represented the Attorney-Go-
neral, and he should protest against the extraordinary
position which had been laid down, that any subject had
a right to assume the power and the authority which the
Crown exercised as prosecuting on behalf of the public.
He should also protest against the princiFle that had
been laid down, that counsel for such private prosecutor
should give his consent before the Crown could exercise
its jurisdiction in the conduct of proceedings of a crimi-
nal nature. He was much like his Learned Friend Mr.
Barry, in not having had an opportunity of fully reading
over all the depositions; but the Attorney-General had
read them over very carefully in the exercise of his duty,
and he wss authorized to ri-ad the view which the At-
torney-General took of the case. Mr. Hayes then
began to read the opinion, which began by stating
That the Attorney-General had carefully and niinuttilye
read over all the depositions, and that he was unable
to discover any legal evidence to warrant the finding
a verdict of willul murder in reference to the soldiers.'" nothing
of here interposed, and said he knew
of the Attorney-General there, and
it Was irregular to
read any opinion of his,
rry d
" • Hayes said that although Mr. —was
an 3 ocssefficer
prof
not to know the Attoruey-General,
be
that the law recognised, and also the authority he pos-
sessed.
" Judge Crampton
state w
to read the opinion, but to
.vg the Crown on the pre-
bbec:‘,ttewr
afsorthe counselview
en-
tertained by those reprtehsenugtiht it

sent motion.
that the Attorney-General
" Mr. Hayes then said
an the depositions, did not
having carefully read over
warrant
warrant a verdict of wilful
see any legal evidence
tdier ts, or against Mr. Delmege, and
murder against the
6°case to admit the parties to bail.
that it was a proper
f bail, he left that to be exclusively
oton observed that it was very difficult
" Judge C---rwa-ny opinion upon the matters which had
for him to effde-before him so very generally. The de-
Court.
alsculeic-h be saw with Mr. Wilson (the deputy•
PdbAc'eesest niettrio:ntihbeelvedaembyitlec) were very voluminous, and as the
clerk of t
Cour t do t" he
„t e denco given below, o. er o jus ice
t could not act upon mer.e reports of what was the
bavovl to take upon himself the task of reading the
vre-xauid• voluminous depositions before pronouncing any order
upon the motion. He (Judge Crampton) would endea-
ur to do so without any delay, and if ho found it was
rproper case would admit the parties to bail. He did
not feel at liberty to decide, without doing what had
been intimated; and his Lordship concluded by stating
that ho would attend in chamber the next morning, at
eleven o'clock, and announce what his decision would be.
" Mr. Barry said ho would desire to argue upon the
nature of the depositions.
" Mr. Murphy was prepared to show that they never
could warrant the verdict which the jury had thought
fit to return.
" Judge Crampton did not think it necessary to have
any argument on this point." -

On Wednesday evening DINNER TO THE HON.
.GRANTLET BEERELET.--
electors of West Gltocersatlietrigi rie,it
bury to the Ron. G g a public dinner was given at Thonn-
iznhatredsitnimgeaaßyeorfkeley by the
tion in which his
held.. Colonel Master
ye.ars' Parliamentary serviceest are
evening, a hands presteed, and, in th course
bythe
Hunt
and Roskell, wa e candelabrum, nianufactureb
Mr. Nei-
the estima-
ston, from the a sri presented to Mr. Berkeley..
of
the
county of Gloces' ulturists of thedwmeseteertnee division
heir respect
for him their ex, as an acknow le g
• nd taco etas a test of
. as late representative, a - ..
their disapprobation of the the system of aggression, intimi-
datio.n, and coercion" practised against him at the last. and
previous elections, by which be had been obliged to resign a
constituency which, he had represented for 20 years. Mr.
Berkeley, in acknowledging the compliment thus paid to
him, addressed the meeting, which numbered about 1,200
Persons, for nearly an hour, declaring his adherence to
Liberal principles, and his apxiety to extend the benefits of
free trade to all, without maintaining the present limping
system, by which the farmer alone was excluded from its
advantages.
ExcuastoN TEAuss.—The Builder says: We regret
to notice that the excursion-train system, which we may be
said to have originated, and which is still yielding a profit-
able harvest to the e railway companies' is in many cases
mconducted so disorderly and shameful a manner, that it
is but too likely to come altogether to a speedy- terminus.
Ideas of scrambling, want of accommodation, neglect of
. time,
destruction of clothing i
-1:1 open horse-boxes near the engines,
and other disagreeables, are fastobliterating all pleasanter
associations as to railway excursions in the minds of the
.
working classes ; and the their desire to tuna
companies, in
the system into all profit
and no outlay, are likely to disgust
all and sundry with it, and very soon to bring the profits
tlienuelye ari§ing frogs it to a conteroptit49 miaimttul,