The Sun.
London, England, 1864-05-25 00:00:00

ir. Newman and the " Athenaeum,"

Grant is represented to be in pursuit, but, as the
roads are in a bad condition, after the heavy fall of
rain, amid which the battle was fought, he will have
considerable difficulty in following.
The carnage of Thursday is described as awful,
and the men on both aides to have fallen like grain.
No estimate of the loss is given.
There is a report that Sigel has cut the Virginia
Central Railway between Charlottesville and
Lynchburg, and another report that he has been
attacked and defeated by the Confederates under
Breckenridge.
Information was received at New Orleans on the
7th inst. that Forreat's cavalry had gained posses-
sion of all Sherman's railway communications, and
had also destroyed several Federal transports on
the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers.
Letters from New Orleans of the 7th announce
that Banks is endeavouring to reach Bashear city
with his army, his retreat from Alexandria, via the
Red River, being eat off by the erection of Confe-
derate batteries on the banks of that stream,
The steamers Ohio, Belli, Laurel Hill, Bella
Donna, and Mittie Stephens, with supplies and
reinforcements for Banks, have been sunk or cap-
tured below Alexandria.
All Admiral Porter's
gunboats are above the
falls of the Red River ; and, as the Confederates
have turned the waters of the river into other
channels their capture is considered inevitable,
Major-General Wpovvell has been appointed to
the command of the military department of the
Pacific, and will leave for California immediately.
This step is supposed to have been taken in view of
the possibility of a rupture with France on the
Mexican question.
The House of Representatives, on Wednesday,
adopted a resolution to drop from the army rolls all
unemployed general officers, including Generals
M'Clellan and Fremont. yesterday it passed the
Bill giving to soldiers and sailors, both coloured,
homesteads from confiscated confederate estates,
Gold, 1721.

THE RUSSIAN BUDGET FOR 1864,
ST. PETERSBURG, MAT 24, Evening.
The Russian Budget for 1864, which has been
published to-day, shows an equilibrium.
The public revenue is estimated at 401,000,000
roubles, of which 355,000,000 are from ordinary
sources, 18,000,000 from Treasury Bonds, and
28,000,000 from the Anglo-Dutch loan.
The expenditure is estimated at 364,000,000
roubles, to which there are to be added 37,000,000
for extraordinary military expenses.

..............

FRANCE.

BOURSE, May 24.—The market has been rather
firmer,and the business done sho iirs a slight advance.
Threes, for the Account, are now at 66f. 80c.
Mobilier has improved to 1,163 E Railway Market

The telegraph announces the almost sudden death
of the Duke of Malakhoff, better known throughout
Europe as Marshal Pelissier. The Veteran general
has been for a long time past Commander-in-Chief
in Algeria. He was unexpectedly taken ill a few
days ago, and his iron constitution has given way
in a very brief space of time. These sturdy and
bluff French soldiers are often taken off at 70 or
thereabouts; they do not seem to have in them the
" calm repose" of peace which allows a 'Wellington
a Combermere, a Lynedoch, a Seaton, in our own
country, to live to extreme old age as honest squires
among their own people, without the slightest aspi-
ration after more glory.
Aimable Jean Jacques Pelissier, Dnke of Mala-
khoff, and a Marshal of France, was born on the
6th of November, 1794, at Maromme, in the Depart-
ment of the Lower Seine. His father was a powder
manufacturer, or at all events connected with a
large powder manufactory ; and it was said of the
son that he " smelt powder" even in his cradle. The
boy was educated at the Brussels Lyceum, at the
School of Artillery of La Fleche, and then at St.
Cyr. Two days after the arrival of Napoleon from
Elba, Pelissier received his commission as suit-lieu-
tenant in the Artillery of the Royal Guard. During
the famous Hundred Days he was incorporated into
one of the regiments of the army of observation on
the Rhine. After serving in the Departmental
Legion of the Lower Seine he passed a brilliant
examination early in 1819, and was placed on the
royal staff. In 1823, as lieutenant of Eusears, he
made the Spanish campaign, and was aide-decamp
to General Grindler. His:conduct in this campaign
won him the orders of the Legion of Honour and
of St. Ferdinand. Ho was attached successively to
the staffs of Generals Bourcke, Yellin, and Ledru
des Essarts. Pelissier was appointed captain, April
1, 1827. He became aide-de camp to Gen. Durrieu,
and in the campaign of the Morea—notably for his
bravery at the siege of the Castle of the Morea—
received the Orden of St. Louis and of the Saviour.
Pelissier became lieutenant•colonel Nov. 2, 1839,
and was for three years director of the staff in the
province of Oran. He greatly distinguished him-
self by his bravery in the expedition against Tag-
dempt (May, 1841) at the fight of Ored Melab
(July 11, 1841), &c., and he was named colonel
(July 8, 1842) after the expedition of Cheliff. Bat
as far as European notice is concerned, Pelissier
first acquired it by his exploits in Algeria (he had
been in Algeria before—in 1830), whither he went
in the suit of General Bournmont. Twenty years
ego his name was in every mouth in connection
with his summary way of dealing with the Ouled
Riahs, a Kabyl tribe which had never been sub•
dued, because the country they inhabited contained
immense caverns into which it would have been
absolute insanity to lead invading troops. On the
18th of June, 1845, the (Riled Riahs finding them-
selves hotly pressed, retreated to their labyrinthine
caves. The grottoes were surrounded, and lighted
fascines placed at their entrances. The wretched
people refused to surrender; more lighted fascines
were thrown in. The Arabs refused to surrender
again, and 500 were smoked to death there. It is
needless to say that this awful story excited all
Europe ; and the French Government and the
French press were either indignant or faintly
apologetic. A French paper gave a harrowing
description of the dreadful two days in this oven—
two days sufficing for the complete baking of an
entire pastoral tribe, men, women, and children ;
their own cattle goring them in the darkness of
that awful prison. But as the official report ran,
it was necessary that these people (ces Bens la)
should be reduced to submission, and so they were.
The Marquis de Boissy took occasion to inveigh
most severely egainst the slaughter at D thra, And
the Minister of the Interior, who had on a previous
day expressed his disapproval and regret for it,
Warmly defended Colonel Pelissier (" One of the
most honourable officers of the army of Africa,
whom I shall always praise"), who, he said, had to
subdue assassins and traitors. Whatever opinion,
however, may have been expressed on either side
throughout Europe, though their tendency was
almost one-sided, Col. Pelissier was sheltered from
professional criticism by the boldness of Marshal
Bugeaud, who took upon himself the responsibility
of the whole matter. The naiveté of one French
writer is worth recording on this point, " The chas-
tisement with which M. le Colonel Pelissier smote
the Arabs shrprieed people by its novelty."
In 1846 Colonel Pelissier was rewarded with the
appointment of " Mareohal de Camp," and in 1848
was made major-general and commandant of the
province of Oran. He further distinguished him-
self in Algeria, at the storming of Laghuat
especially. In 1850 (April 15) he was promoted to
a generalship of division; he commanded the pro-
vince of Oran, and was charged, ad interim, with
the governor-generalship. He was nominated
Grand Cress of the Legion of Honour, December
24, 1853.
General Pelissier's achievements, happily for
himself and his fame, were not confined to Algeria.
When the Russian war broke out he was placed in
command of the Ist corps of the Crimean army;
and on the 16th of May, 1855, he succeeded Mar-
shal Canrobert as Commander.in-chief of the
French army. Oa the 16th of August in that
year the Russians attacked the French position on
the Tchernaye, and were completely repulsed by
Pelissier, who had under him divisions commanded
by Generals Herbillon, Canava, Faucheux, and
Morriss.
The general's despatch announcing this glorious
result arrived happily enough just in time to fall in
with the grand entrance of the Queen of England
and the Emperor of the French into Paris—passing
through a double line of five miles of soldiery from
the Boulevards to St. Cloud ; and it need hardly be
said that the acclamations of the Parisians were
considerably heightened by the glorious news just
then oppartunely received.
On the 9th of the ensuing September the glori-
ous news was received in Paris of the capture of
the Malakhoff tower of Sebastopol by General Pe-
(taster's troops, who carried its redoubts and the
Redan of Careening Bay in a short time. This
finished the war. Sebastopol was taken. The
official Paris paper announced (Sept. 13), " General
Pelissier is made Marshal of France." He was
made Duke of Malakhoff (July 22) and a senator
of France. From 1858 (March 23) to 1859 (April
23) he held the somewhat uncongenial appointment
of Ambassador in London. In spite of the attrac-
tions of his young and beautiful wife, a connection
of the Empress of the French, the veteran marshal
did not, it is well known, find diplomacy at all to
tie taste. He retired, was again sent to Algeria
(Nov. 24, 1860) as Governor-General, and there he
has died.
It remains to be added that in 1857 (March 18)
a pension of 100,000 fr. was settled on Marshal
Pelissier and his children ; that in the December of
the same year he was nominated Vice-President of
the Senate; in the February following, a member
of the Privy Council ; on the 23d of July, 1856,
Chaecellor of the Legion of Honour.
However posterity may judge of the Duke of
Malakhoff's character, no one will deny that he was
a brave and self-sacrificing soldier, though he was
a bluff and free spoken one. Hippolyte
to a very favourable biography of him, prefixes the
simple motto, " sEe triplex." However this may
have been intended, the motto is exactly significant

" More than one friend of Dr. Newman," says the
Athenceum, " asks our attention to a paragraph in
our last notice of the Apologia,' in which we ap-

pear to have drawn a wrong conclusion from the
words employed to record the conviction of his call.
One of our correspondents says:—' Your reviewer
in the notice of Dr. Newman's ' Apologia pro Vita
sua,' Part 111., in the Athenceum of May 14, has by
mistaking what he says, done the author a serious
injury, though of course unintentionally. I have
had no communication with Dr. Newman, and can-
not know whether the review has met his eye.
But, as his friend, I am very anxious, for his sake,
that the misapprehension should be corrected as
early as possible. Your reviewer supposes that Dr.
Newman still retains a conviction that he is
elected to eternal glory; in other words, that
he still holds the doctrine of final perseverance,
or inadmissable justification. But his own
words convey the very contrary mean-
ing. He says ' One of the first books I read, was
a work of Romaine's ; I neither recollect the title
nor the contents, except one doctrine, which of
course I do not include among those which I believe
to have come from a divine source, viz., the doctrine
of final perseverance. I received it at once, and
believed that the inward conversion of which I was
conscious (and of which I still am more certain than
that I have hands and feet) would last into the
next life, and that I was elected to eternal glory.'
Upon this, the reviewer observes, that it is well to
know that this conviction of his being chosen for
eternal glory has never passed away.' Dr. Newman
says that he is still certain of the tact of his inward
conversion ; but he does not say that he is certain
of his election to eternal glory, and that he still
holds the doctrine of the certainty of final perse-
verance. So far from it, that he expressly and
carefully repudiates it. For he says he does not of
course include that doctrine among those which he
believes to have come from a divine source. It is
evident that he rejects that doctrine now as a matter
of course, because be is a Catholic, and no Catholic
I can hold it. What then Dr. Newman really says
is, that he still retains the conviction of his conver-
sion at a certain period ; but that the one doctrine
in question, which he received then, he rejects now,
as not having come from a divine source." As we
quoted the passage on which our remark was based
—the passage given above—our readers bad already
before them the means of correcting an apparently
erroneous inference.

The Friend of Tranquillity and the Organ.

Grinder,

The following capital new vcrainn of George
Canning's renowned Sapphics, in the Anti-Jacobin,
appears in our elegant and facetious little sixpenny
contemporary, The Owl, of this day (No. 1,004 !)
but just now published :

FRIEND Or TRANQUILLITY.
Seedy Savoyard, wherefore art thou grinding ?
Rough blows the wind, thy pipes are out of order,
Old is thy tune, thy monkey is a nuisance,
So is thy organ.
Tiresome grinder, heocl'st thou not the sick ones
Who on their couches restlessly reclining,
Tortured all day, must hear thy hurdy-gurdy's
Merciless strumming ?

Tell me, Savoyard, how you come to grind so,
Did some foul fiend tyrannically use you ?
Why don't the Beaks or Beadle of the Parish
Thrust you in prison ?

Why can't some Babbage, for racking of his nerves, or
Beer-making Bass, for his ears distracting,
Or hardworked lawyer straightway pitch your little
All in a horse-pond ?

Have you not read the speech of Mr. M. Bass?
Cheers of approval ringing through the Commons—
You and your chattering monkey must return to
Valleys of Savoy.

ORGAN GRINDER,
Savoy, Lord bless you; why should I return there?
Only last night, while grinding on my organ,
This poor old chap and monkey got eleven
Bob in an hour,

Hall porters came up for to beg me not to
Make such a row, or they'd give me into charge ; I
Laughed them to scorn, and asked them how they liked.
"The Ratcather's Daughter."

Babbage may rave and bluster, if he likes it,
Bass may make beer or speeches as ho pleases,
I, for my part, will not budge unless you give me
Si: pence to move on.

FRIEND OF TRANQ,DILLITY.
I give thee sixpence 1 I'll see thee d— first I
Wretch, whom no sense of nerves can move to pity,
Dirty, unshaven, pilfering, degraded
Impudent outcast.

tho organ grinder, upsets his organ, lets loose
his monk, Y, and exit in a transport of rage.

PROFESSOR BABBAGE AND THE OB:GAN
GRIDERS.—If anything could make the calculat.
ing niachin.• of Professor Babbage "break forth into sing-
ing," it would bb surely the tidings that a bill is sliding
through the house for the abolition of street-musiel Know-
ing the extent to which
abitants in cities have to bear
•and forbear, owing to difference o: tastes and of hours, to
tho thinness of walls and other inevitb.ble circumstances,—
though possibly, few brain-workers are 1.70 re largely
es bands as-
saulted than ourselves by "Faust on two br,.. at
once, and "'!he Perfect Cure," and "II balen," And the
Danish Hymn during three or four morning hours of t;:e
season,—we have, on considerate principles, said less on this
evil than others whose lot is cast in stiller places; but of
late years it has grown so largely in dimension that we are
satisfied the distress and damage done by it to the sick and
the serious far outweigh any pleasure that it can give.
For one invalid who is cheered by it, twenty
are irritated into fever. For ten children who are set
clueing, in the balcony, by the dismal barrel-organ
(merriest, sometimes, when it plays a psalm tune), there
are more than one student or scholar who dare not begin
any grave work requiring abstraction till the time of night
when they ought to be closing the desk. Self-control, if
learnt at an early period of life. will, we are persuadhereed, do
much for some time ; but it is past doubt that t are
many whose nerves it will never harden—and thus, on
striking the balance, we cannot but express an earnest wish
that the blatrnt players on trumpets who finish by en-
dangering Christian bell-wires, as they impudently claim a
fee for "the music," may be confined to their proper sphere
of tea-garden and race-course, or any place where people
resort for noise and revel—and that the penitential and
droning barrel organ, even if presided over by the bright-
eyed Italian who takes us pleasantly back to the South by
his " Ab, Signor 1 " may be constrained to "move on "
without the intervention of our blue•coated guardians,
I whose number does not eq,ual always our need of their

•
service.
ARCHITECTURAL EXHIBITION. Last evening
Mr. Aitchison delivered a lecture " On the use of
iron for Architectural Purposes." Ths lecturer gave a
succinct description of the merits of iron for building
purposes, and its advantages in many respects over other
building materials, such as stone, brickwork, timber. t&c.—
first, for its greater strength; secondly, economy of space
occupied (a very important consideration in cities where
space is valuable, and, therefore, obliged to be economised) ;
thirdly, additional safely arising from its incombustible cha-
racter. He combated the opinion that iron was objection-
able on account of the difficulty of giving graceful forms to
it so as to render it beautiful or pleasing, and contended
that, if rightly treated, it might be rendered not only useful
but beautiful alto. The lecture we s copiously illustrated by
diagrams showing its applicability, and was listened to
with great attention by a numerous audience and warmly
applauded.
THE PRINCE OF WALES, as President of the
Society of Arts, will present the Society's medals and prizes
at Willis's Rooms, on Friday, June 24.
THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON is understood to have
offered himself as a candidate for tho vacant chair of
Mechanics, in the Academy of Sciences. Some opposition
is made to his Majesty's claim, but his election may be con-
sidered as quite ede.