The Sun.
London, England, 1864-11-08 00:00:00

MAILS DUE.

iustralia and Mauritius, via Southampton. Nov. 18.
via Marseilles Nov. 12,
Brazil and Cape Vcrds, by British packet. Nov. 4.
'ape of (3ood Hope, A.seension, and St. Ilelena Nov. 29.
;Mina, reining, and Singapore, via Suuthampton.Nov. 18.
via Marseilles Nov. 12.

Falkland Islands
Llibrultar, via Southampton Nov. 11.
India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Nov. 18.
via Marseilles ; No v, 12.
India (Bombay), via Southampton .. Nov. 11.
via Marseilles IsT„v. 5.
Portugal.... Nov. 4.
Jlalta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Nov. 11.
via Marscillos Nov. 6.
Newfoundland
Oporto and Vigo
U. S. and British N. America, by 13rit. packet.... Nov. 9.
by U.S. packet....
by Canadian packet. Nov. 11.
All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, INov. 14.
California. and British Columbia.

The Warrington Guardian announces the intended
purchase of the Duke of Bridgwater's and the Old Quay
Company's canals by the London and North Western and
other railways.
PROPOSED MEMORIAL WINDOW TO MR. JOHN
LEEClL—Lieutenant-Colonel Wilkinson and the Rev, G.
Currey are, it is said, about to prepare the erection of a
memorial window at the Charterhouse to their old friend
and schoolfellow, the late Mr Leech.

EARL RUSSELL'S VISIT TO ABERDEEN.—AS
previously announced, Earl Russell will be installed as
Lord Rector of the Aberdeen University on. Friday, the
11th inst., the inauguration ceremony taking place in the
Hall of Marischal College Buildings, at 12 o'clock, while
the inaugural address will bo delivered in the HuAc-hall at
1. His lordship is expected to arrive in Aberdeen on
Thur,day, the 10th, and leave on Saturday, the 12th. Ho
will be the guest of John Webster, Esq., advocate during
his stay.—Aberdccn livrald.

Tae J. E. H., from Melbourne for England, with
£14,000, has now been at sea 114 days; and the Clyde,
with £63,000, 95 days.

The rate of insurance upon the steamer Saxouia,
overdue from New York, hus risen at Lloyd's to 20
guineas per cent. premiu►u.

We have to announce the death :of the Lady
Overstone which occurred at Lockinge House, near Wan-
tag°, on Sunday, Nov. 6, after an illness of only a few
days.

Alderman Hale was today sworn in Lord Mayor
of London for the ensuing year, with tho usual formalities,
at Guild-hall,

SOUTHWARK BRIDGE was this day thrown open
to the public free. The Lord Mayor, Alderman
Lawrence, performed the ceremony.
REMOVAL OF.THE GREAT EXHIBITION BUILDING.
•—The remaining half of the Albert Tower, operated upon
on Saturday has since fallen by the force of its own gravity.
Ytaterday some further charges of gunpowder and gun-
cotton were fired into the foundaions of the tower, which on
Saturday resisted displacement, with the view of gradually
weakening and undermining it at the base. Owing to tae
close proximity of a whole terraee of inhabited houses in the
Cromwell-road, immediately facing, this portion of the ex-
perimental operations and removal has to be carried out
with extreme care and circumspection, the distance between
the terrace and the tower extending only over the flume.
diate roadway of some 40ft.
ST. JAMES's HALL.—On Saturday afternoon the

Wizard of the North gave his ninth matinee to 11
crowded audience. In addition to the usual programme the
Professor introduced two or three experiments illustrative
of the rope-tying trick. The schools invited numbered over
750, the whole of which departed from the hall highly de-
lighted with the treat accorded them. Miss Anderson gave
the girls belonging to the Foundling Hospital each a pre•
sent as they left the hell.

LISTZ has left Paris, after leaving in the hands
of Prince Ponietowski the score of a grand mass composed
some years ago for a cathedral in Hungary; and which will
probably be brought out this winter at the concerts organis-
ingby M. F6licien David.

- ---
The steamer Erin, from N.w York, has brought
£35,000 in specie—the Hula, from New York, £20,(200—
the Europa, from Boston, £6,ooo—and the Magdalena,
from Brazil, £13,755. The total is £104,755.
BREAKFAST 13EVERAGE.—H00uw)pathie practitioners,
and the medical profession generally, recommend cocoa
as being the most healthful of all beverages. When the doc-
trine of homoeopathy was first introduced into this country,
there Were to be obt tined no Freparations of cocoa either at—
tractive to the taste or acceptable to the stomach ; the nut
was either supplied La the crude state or to unskilfully
manufactured as to obtain little notice. J. Ep[ s, of London,
Homoeopathic Chemist, was induced in the year 1819 to turn
his attention to this subject, and at length he succeeded,
with the assistance of elaborate machinery, in being the firzt
to produce au article puts in its composition, and so refined

by the perfect fituratioa it rczeives in the process it passes
thro..gli, as to be most acceptable to the delicate stomach.
For general use Epps's Cocoa is distinguished as an invigo-
rating, grateful breakfast beverage, possessing, a most deli-
cious aroma. Dr. in his wo.k "Adulteration of
Food," says —" ocaa con this a gre.it variety of important
nutritive principles every ingredient necessary to the
growth and sustenance of the body." Again: "As a nutri-
tive, cocoa stands very much higher than e:ther coffee cr
tea." Directions—Two teaspoonfuls of the powder in a

breakfast cup, filled up with boiling water or milk. Secured
is tin-lined Ob., Alb., and lib. labelled packets, a d sold by
grocers, confectioners, and chemists.— [Aim.)

The North London Industrial Exhibition.

to sea. It is clear that no effective opposition was
offered by any of the Brazilian men-of-war, or by
the harbour forts, though " Voyageur'' adds that
the Wachusetts was fired on by the latter as she
stood out. Some two hours later the Brazilian
Admiral gave chase in a smaller steamer, his own
flagship being a sailing vessel, but the Florida had
by this time got her steam up, and pursuit was of
course useless. The indignation of the Brazilians
at this gross insult to their neutral hospitality is
described as intense. The exequatur of the United
States' Consul, who had opportunely gone to sea in
the Wachusetts, was at once withdrawn by the
Governor, and the arms of the Consulate itself were
torn down by the people. The great body of mer-
chants at Bahia at once signed a document, in which
they emphatically denounce the conduct of the cap•
tain commanding the Wachusetts as an open defi-
ance of international law, and charge the Consul
with a direct breach of faith. This remonstrance
was forwarded to the New York Chamber of Com-
merce, with an earnest request that they would
appoint a committee to investigate the matter before
adjudging to the captors the reward of 500.000 dots.,
for the sake of which this outrage is believed to
have been committed. We are bound to presume
not only that this request will tueet with attention,
but that the Government and citizens of the United
States will hasten to repudiate the nefarious act
done in their name. Most aggressions on neutral
rights, such as the pursuit of a flying enemy within
the jurisdiction of a neutral State, have some kind
of excuse, whether in authority or usage, but we
cannot even conjecture what defence can be set up
for this. The United States have invariably claimed
the absolute inviolability of neutral territory, and
the American text books of international law are
full of the most dogmatical assertions of this prin.,
ciple. One of the most recent of these, which bears
the name of Halleek on its title-page, recapitulates
the law on this subject with great force and clear-
ness. "The armed cruisers of belligerents, while
within the jurisdiction of a neutral State, are bound
to abstain from any acts of hostility towards the sub-
jects, vessels, or other property of their enemies;
they cannot increase their guns or military stores,
or augment their crews, not even by the enrolment
of their own countrymen; they can employ neither
force nor stratagem to recover prizes or to rescue
prisoners in the possession of the enemy; nor can
they use a neutral port or waters within neutral
jurisdiction, either for the purpose of hindering the
approach of vessels of any nation whatever, or for
the purpose of attacking those which depart from
the ports or shores of neutral Powers. No proximate
acts of war, such as a ship stationing herself within
the neutral line, and sending out her boats on hos-
tile enterprises, can in any manner be allowed to
originate on neutral territory, nor can any measure
be taken that will lead to immediate violence." We
owe our readers some apology for re-entering upon
ground already familiar to most in connexion with
the Alexandra case, but this summary may at least
serve to remind them how far beyond the extreme
pale of international law the Wachusetts placed
herself by cutting an enemy's ship out of a neutral
port. Had the Florida, for instance, actually sailed
from Bahia, the Wachusetts could not have followed
her till after the lapse of 24 hours without infring-
ing the law of nations. To attack her by night in
the harbour, and that after a solemn pledge had been
given that neutral rights should be respected, was
neither more nor less illegal than it would have
been to kidnap Mr Mason in the streets of London.
The plea thst was urged by Lord Ashburton and
admitted by Mr Webster in the very dissimilar case
of the Caroline— that of "a necessity of self-defence,
instant, overwhelming, leaving no choice of means,
and no moment for deliberation," was here conspi-
cuously wanting, and we cannot believe that the
Federal Government will condescend to make use of
it. It may possibly be alleged that the Consul was
carried off against his will by the captain of the
Wachusetts, who is likely enough to claim the
whole credit and responsibility of the exploit, and
it is to be feared that some of Mr Barnum's coun-
trymen may chuckle over its shameless audacity.
But the New York Chamber of Commerce has a
character to lose, and unless we are greatly deceived
will scruple to forfeit it by rewarding or Justifying
a crime so utterly subversive of confidence bet wean
neutrals and belligerents.
POST.—The treaty which marks the termination
of thaDano-German war, and which formally ratifies
the dismemberment of the Danish monarchy, has at
length been signed. The Canference at Vienna has
ended its labours, and the fruits of its negotiations
has received the official stamp of the several repre-
sentatives of which it was composed. Denmark has
been stripped of no inconsiderable portion of her
dominions, The Duchies have been finally separated
from the kingdom, and that niost intricate of all
diplomatic puzzles, the Schleswig-Holstein tines.
tion, has been disposed cf for ever. The suit has
been tried out, judgment recorded, and execution
eeforced, and nothing remains but for the defeated
litigant to reconcile himself with what grace he may
to the loss which he has sustained. Considered in its
details, the treaty, which we publish in our columns
to-day, furnishes nothing which calls for special
comment. It differs in no material respect from the
programme submitted by the German Powers as the
basis of negotiation when an armistice was agreed
upon some months since. Austria and Prussia at
that time frankly told Denmark what it was that
they required, and the latter had no choice but to
assent. The German Powers had conquered the
Duchies—they therefore demanded that their right
to retain them should be formally recognised by
their previous possessor. The inferiority of ttx.,
aggressors at sea had enabled the Danish crutiere
to capture several German merchant vessels, and
accordiegly the restoration of these captures, or
compensation for the property destroyed or
alienated, was demanded by the Powers which con-
sidered themselves aggrieved. Tuis was the pith
of the requisitions made by Austria and Prussia,
and the treaty proves that they have not been
made in vain. Everything that the Germans have
taken they are permitted to keep, everything that
they have lost will be restored to them. The cir-
cumstances which mark the close of the war are
in every respect on a footing with those which
distinguished its commencement. It is now, as it
was then, for Germany to demand and for Den-
mark to comply. The ostensible reasons for the
invasion of the Duchies were shifted with each
succeeding day to meet the constantly varying
relations in which the belligerents stood to each
other, and now the formal instrument which gives
peace to Denmark expressly recognises in her Sove-
reign rights, the disallowance of which was neces-
sary to furnish even the shadow of a pretext for the
invasion of his dominions. The troops of the Cone
federation entered Holstein, and those of Austria
and Prussia entered Schleswig, because the as-
sumption of the sovereignty in those Duchies by
Christian IX. was deemed an act of usurpation.
Now, however, that the usurper has been ejected,
his rights are unreservedly admitted by his aggres-
sors for the purpose of giving to them by treaty a
good title to those very dominions whose invasion
could never have been justified except on the
assumption that they did net belong to him. The
events of the Dane German war succeeded each
other with such rapidity, and the phases of the
quarrel were so various, that many persons have
entirely forgotten the attitude assumed towards
Denmark by the German Powers only twelve months
since, and have lost sight of the multiplied assur-
ances given to Europe that an attack on the integrity
of the Danish kingdom was not dreamt of. In the
columns of this journal we unhesitatingly declared
from the first that, however they might cloak their
designs, Austria and Prussia had reeolved upon
wresting the Duchies from Denmark, and that the
Treats of London was virtually cancelled. When,
just a year since, Frederick VII. died, and the pre-
sent Sovereign succeeded to the throne, the Diet
proceeded without delay to sequestrate the Duchy
of Holstein. The measure had been threatened
during the closing days of the reign of the late
Sovereign ; but on the demise of the Crown addi-
tional reasons were supplied to the-German Powers
for enforcing the oft-repeated threat of Federal
execution. The Federal execution, however, ad.'
mitted of necessity the title of the Sovereign, and
Denmark was counselled to offer no resistance to
a measure which indirectly confirmed rights which
were the subject of dispute. What the Federa-
tion in its collective capacity did in Holstein,
its two leading members proceeded to repeat
in Schleswig. But the same mockery which
was enacted in the one by pretending that an act of
war was simply one of domestic discipline, was suc-
cessfully imitated in the other by alleging that an
invasion with a powerful army was only a taking
in pledge. Prussia and Austria admitted, whilst
they deplored, the necessity of employing an im-
mense army for the purpose of carrying into effect
their peaceful project of sequestration.; but they
nevertheless avowed most solemnly their intention
of supporting the Treaty of 1852, and of restoring
Schleswig to Denmark as soon as those obligations
on the part of the latter Power which formed the
consideration of that treaty had been unequivocally
acknowledged. The pledge has been taken, but the
recent treaty declares to all the world that it will
never be returned. The German Powers have been
thoroughly successful, but we do not believe that
the European Powers were at any time blinded as
to their real designs. Great Britain knew that
Federal execution in Holstein and sequestration in
Schleswig, in truth, meant conquest, and she did all
that lay in her power to prevent the consummation
of a great political crime. She failed, but it was
because she could not command the co-operation of
other Powers no less deeply interested than herself
in preserving the independence of Denmark, and,
being unable alone to prevent them carrying their
designs into execution, she was forced,lowever
un-
willingly, to let matters take their course. When,

11•1011.•••••MMININV
at the Conference in London, the concessions °lt
by the neutral Powers upon Denmark, and assebis
to by her, failed to satisfy her aggressors, Oot;
remained but to leave the belligerents the
agreeing between themselves on the con
eiit'b ot
ei
peace. At Vienna, as might have been egeo
the demands of the German Powers vier ell
,
more severe than at London ; but as soon "7,$
seat of negotiations had been transferred t",i
Austrian capital the Danish Plenipotentiariesii
left no other task than that of recording to
assent to the conditions imposed by the Geo
representatives. If those negotiations Weill;
protracted, the delay has arisen from difaco,
which from time to time presented themsell 0
,
respect to the arrangement of matters of Ivo
The broad issue has never been doubtful. Sob leaf
and Holstein, together with Lanenburg, are Oil
property of the two great German Powers, sila
is now tempted to inquire what will they °°ty.
them ? Tha minor States are anxious thatel
EhoulEl be handed over to an Augustenburg
Oidenburg, and a vote to that effect Will,
probability, sooner or later be given to the
But under this treaty, and more especially bYto
of conquest, Austria and Prussia may ad.,i,
title betore which that of the pretenders v;l",itti•
'Be leaders Powers of the Confederation have°'of
with Denmark, They must now set theillit
about adjusting, with the remaining members "i 4
Band, those differences to which the recent
sition of territory by the two Powers will TO'
probably gave rise.

It

Thi
PRE]

Another Gunpowder Explosion•

Yesterday afternoon a fatal gunpowder explosiePo
place at the powder-works of the Messrs. Hall, at 1)
ton, about a mile and a half from Faversham.
past 3 o'clock a corning-house, which was partly
derground, and had a bank round it 30ft in dePZ
blown up. The wooden roof and tanks placed oval
tially filled with water, were shattered to pieces, all'ap
the ground in a heap of broken timber,macbinerh mae
bish over the spot from which they had been raised -0
explosion. Two men who were at work in the hour
time were killed on the spot, and their bodies were")
afterwards discovered under the ruins. They
much disfigured, which may be accounted for freri
quantity of powder in the house at the time beio6,i
small. Indeed, the place had only a very short tiered
viously been emptied, and the boat laden with fee
was on its way to the glazing-house, and not more
or 50 rods from the spot when the explosion too"
The powder which exploded was simply that Whiello
been left upon the floor, and this the two men Were)
act of sweeping up when it became ignited. Althos;
roof and the tanks have been blown up and shattew
walls remain intact. A corning-machine of coast;
value, however, has been destroyed. Large balks silo
were broken asunder, and the trees by which the he

It I.
Soli
the A
at

surrounded were stripped of their branches.
The bodies of the two men who have been
found and taken to a building, where they nog' °ea"
ing the coroner's inquest. Medical aid was ;f133133.01
sent for, and W. N. Spong, surgeon, of Faverebiro
the first to arrive on the spot, He was followed .01
Girand and Mr Hoare, but their services were 10;4
as the deceased men were the only persons who end
the accident, none of the other workmen bel 04
the time. The names of the deceased are John Slot
sen., and George Keen. The former was about r 0
of age, and had been employed at the gunpowder Isit°ol
many years. Some time since he was slightly 1O
004
the explosion of a "green charge." The age of
about 27 or 28; he was a married man, and leaves
and three children.
The inquest will not take place till to..morrovit
the inquest on the men killed by the Erith exploo
adjourned to this day.
The explosion was heard and felt for a consider s,,i
tance. At Faversham the inhabitants were throloo;
great alarm by the shock and the rattling of the Doi
windows which followed. As yet nothing is kue"
cause of the explosion.

COUNTRY MARKETS.

COLCHESTER—Nov. 5. "
We had a moderate supply of wheat on offer at otkots!
to-day, and previous quotations were generally rote
barley in demand, and saleable at fully _.ll' 00'
other sorts difficult of sale, at less money. Beaty
in short supply,..,and fully maintain their value. s 9
Wheat, white 40s 46s Beans,MazagauS.36o
red 36s 42s middle & 13131'" 5,5°
Barley
Oats

GLOUCESTER—Nov. 5. do:
There was a very full supply of wheat 00"iga
market, which sold slowly at late prices. °Tfititlef
extremely limited demand, at former rat&
and beans very dull.

Ob

Ev
at th
Th
Pany
eVer3

NORTHAMPTON—Nov. 5. V
t.
There was a moderate supply of English virm.,4l,lo'ter"
quet, and no change in late rates. Barley was ',2-630(11
—White wheat, new, 308 to 42s ; new red, Lie,
old, 37s to 41s per qr. Barley, new malting, 3'../
other sorts, 28s to 30s. Old oats, 25s to 300; 113700
26s per 24 atone. Beans, 39s to 425. Peas,
per qr.
1
CHELMSFORD—Noy. 4. %eel,
At this corn exchange to-day the supPlY °,f17;011.
plentiful, but we again had a dull trade, with io flati
made on lust week's quotations. Bar.ey Was 00
ply, and except for finest qualities last week's P
not be maintained, with a slow sale.
Wheat, old white 40s 45s Yeas, Partridn .
'
new 40s 4is White ........530
old red 39s 40s Boiling ..... .
1/41 '.3111
new 37s 40s Dun ..........
Barley 25s 32s Ditto new ...0.340
Chevalier ..26s 33s Beans, Tick, old ''/I1
Grinding ..20s 28s
Malt.... .. 6ls 67s Harrow Ticks
Chevalier 64s 68s nes/"P
Oats 20s 26s Mazagan

KIRKCALDY GRAIN—Nov. D• Air,
We had large supplies of all descriptions of gr;ior
and prices were much the same as last week for
barley, but oats were 6d cheaper.
Wheat. Barley. oatS.,
First....36s od I 24s 6d I 173 61
Second ..38s 6d 256 6d 1
Third....4os Od 27s 6d 15$ v"A.`'

COAL M.
Mos of Coal per Ton at

s. d.
Bower's West Hartley.2o 0
Lambert's West Hart-

dtKET.
the dome of the toltri.
Walls EP'
1

ley l9 9
Byass's Bebside West
Hartley ..20 0
Cowpen llartley 20 0
Eden Main 2l 6
Holywell 18 6
Hastings Hartley 2O 0
:Canfield Moor Butes l6 6
Walker Primrose 15 6
Wylam 18 6
West Hartley 20 0
West Wylam l7 6
North Felton Ga5...,45 6

Gosforth .......
Acorn C105e..., •
Eden.. .......... '
Kelloe.. ....... •
South Kelloe. . • •
Hartlepool .....
Pensher Primrose'',.'
South Hartlepool..'o,
East Hartlepool.oo,,
Cassop .
Harton .........
James .........
Riddell ..•"...
Wharncliffe.. • • '
Bell ............ a..,
Braddyll' a Hettoti....
Heugh Hall ..... a.,.
Belmont ...... ••••
Caradoc ........

t, 235 ; sold, 218,