The Sun.
London, England, 1852-09-03 00:00:00

THE MARRIAGE STATE.

--
To be or not to be, that is the question."
rEoGILAmMe :—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and mil_
glon regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and
choice, on both sides, as to age, temperament, complexion, and
flpire, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them.
Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.
Cases. Btc.
By R. J. CULVERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. (1827), L.S.A
(1824). Twenty-five years Medical and Forensic Referee in these.
matters. Reception hours daily till Five. Evenings, Seven till
Nine. 10, Argyll-place, Regent-street.

[ADVERTISEMENT.]—A remarkable Case of Scro-
fula cured by Holloway's Ointment and Pills.—The son of
Mr. Alliday, 209, High-street, Cheltenham, when three years
old, was afflicted with scrofula in the neck, and the disease in-
creased so fearfully that in four years he had ten ulcers on his
body, besides a tumour between the eyes. The best medical
treatment afforded him no relief, the blood being so corrupt
that was considered impossible to subdue the disease. At this
crisis Holloway's Pills and Ointment were resorted to, and
with great success, for in two months the boy was soundly
cured by their use, and he has continued well for the last three
years.—Sold by all Druggists, and at Professor Holloway's
Establishment, 244, Strand, London.
DEATH FROM CIIORTNG.-011 Tueeday afternoon
Mr. William Baker held an inquest at the Grave Maurice,
Whitechapel-road, on the body of Susannah Toffs, wife of a
well-known vender of fish in the Whitechapel-road, com-
monly called " Mackerel Bill.' Oct Saturday night last,
soon after twelve o'clock, the deceased and her husband,
having shut up their fish-stall at the corner of the Star and
Garter, Whitechapel-road, proceeded home to their residence,
7, John-street, Buck's-row, and their daughter having
c ,oked some beefsteak for their supper, deceased, who was
ravenously hungry, took up a piece which was lying in the
dish, and was in the act of eating it, but not having half
masticated it, it stuck in her throat, and although a medical
man was immediately sent for, she was dead before he ar-
rived. Mr. Godfrey, surgeon, 3, Mount-street, produced the
piece of meat, three•quarters of an ounce in weight, which
he removed from the throat of deceased, and the jury re-
turned a verdict," That the deceased was choked in attempt-
ing to swallow a large piece of beef."
STRANGE CAPTURE OF AN EEL:YesterdaY,
during the process of watering the gravel in the Inner Tem-
ple, the water suddenly ceased running from the hose. The
cause of the obstruction was found to be an eel of unusual
size, weighing 41b. 30z., and measuring 3IA feet in length and
inches i>a GiNllDifelence!

THE MANCHESTER FREE
LIBRARY,
The ceremony of opening the new Free Public
Library at Manchester was gone through yesterdaYs
in presence of a very large and distinguished com-
pany. The building consists mainly of two lofty
and spacious rooms, occupying each of the principal
floors, the lower one containing the library for lend-
ing, and the other the books of reference. In the
latter, or upper story, the company assembled, to the
number of nearly a thousand persons, a large propor-
tion of whom were ladies. The noblemen and gen-
tlemen present for the purpose of taking part in the
proceedings were the Earl of Shaftesbury, the Earl
of Wilton, the Bishop of
Manchester, Sir Edward
Bulwer Lytton, Sir J. Stephen
Mr, Charles Dickens,
Mr. Monekton Manes,
M.P., Air. John Bright, M.P.,
Mr. W. Brown, M.P., Mr. Thackeray, Mr. Charles
Knight, Dr. Vaughan, and Air. Felkin
(Mayor of
Nottingham). Among the ladies present were the
Countess of Wilton and the lion. Misses Egerton.
Sir J. POTTER took the chair at twenty minutes
past eleven o'clock, and proceeded to read a report
giving a very full and succinct history of the new in-
stitution.
In the course of the chairman's address be pointed
to a number of handsomely bound books behind him,
presented by his Royal Highness ,Albert,
amidst great applause. He eenctitd'h leye rraillY
handing over to the Mayor of Manchester the title-
deeds of the building, and a transfer of the library, in
trust for the people.
The Mayor of MANCHESTER having briefly ac-
knowledged the gift,
sl:aoinst the very pro
-
The Earl of SHAFTESBURY said—Sir John Potter,
propose the first
bt unconnected with
myself on the
your rude
ladies,
resolutionand I
m gentlemen,uat defend
imyselfnrisin
gable
greatchar city,
charge the., ai,
presume as a strangerto o
notice of this meeting. But you, Sir John Potter,
know very well that the directors of the institution
assigned to me the honour, and I undertook it most
cheerfully, because, though not connected with this
city, I am not uninterested in your welfare; and
many of the former events'of my life have given me a
deep and lasting desire for the honour and prosperity
of the city of Manchester.—(Cheers.) Now, the re-
solution which I am called upon to move
expresses—
" That ;his meeting witnesses with great satisfaction
the opening ceremony of the Manchester Free Library,
and desires to express its entire confidence that this noble
institution will effect great and lasting good to the com-
munity for generations to come.
(Cheers.) Sir, there will be no dificulty in obtain-
ing your concurrence in this resolution, and there
will be as little difficulty in showing the bystanders
and the world at large the local benefits that will
arise from this institution. But we must go further
than local benefits ; and allow me to observe that, in
these days of pursuit and excitement, in these days of
accelerated
rpartoejde projects
intercourse,
and restlesswhen inquiry,
time me in these days of
and
al
space almost
seem extinct, you are preparing thereby an antidote
to mischief that might otherwise arise ; and, in set-
ting an example that may be imitated, and laying
down a principle of universal application, you assert
that the true end of commerce is to make the institu-
tions of the country subservient to its civilization, and
then its civilization subservient to the social and moral
' amelioration of the whole family of mankind.—
(Loud cheers.) Now, sir, who in these days will
presume to question the growing improvement of the
men of commerce and of industry ? They no longer,
as before, figure for a time, and then become absorbed
in the great mass of proprietors ; they now stand apart,
upon a separate and independent basis, and claim to
be heard, as equal to the best in patriotism, principle,
and intellectual power.—(Cheers.) You might have
founded, if you pleased, an attractive little reading-
room, where journals, where newspapers, and occa-
sionally periodicals might have been found—you might
have added to it, if you liked, the allurements of a
smoking-room and a billiard-table, but that would
not have satisfied the requirements of the age, nor the
aspirations of the town of Manchester.—(Hear.)
You have founded this great and glorious institution,
large, liberal, and cosmopolite, and from my heart I
say, may God prosper it for the purpose for which it
was intended ; and may you, in the pursuit of wealth,
and in the duties of commerce, in the exercise of
every virtue, in the maintenances of- ettevusd-seirl'
great principle—may you, I -say, there bf sanctify
the possession and enjoyment of your riches, and may
you enjoy for yourselves, and transmit to those that
come after you, the citizenship of a crowded city,
whose merchants are princes, and whose traffickers are
the honourable of the earth.—(Cheers.) I have the
honour of proposing the resolution which I have read
to you.—(Loud cheers.)
Sir E. B. LYTTON was next called on to address the
assembly. He said—l confess that there are two
things which I value still snore than even this library,
itself ; and the one is, the generous spirit of emula-
tion with which the poor had co-operated with you
for their own improvement ; and next, the proof you
have given that you sympathize with all that can
elevate and instruct the classes whose industry you
employ. Gentlemen, the other day I asked the en-
lightened Minister of the United States what was the
heaviest rate in America; and he told me rather to
my surprise, that a poor-rate in some of the towns
was almost as heavy as it is in this country; but he
said that the largest rate, and the most general, was a
rate for the purpose of education—(Hear)—" and
that," he said, "is a rate we never grumble at,
because it is in education that we find the principle
of our safety." But, gentlemen, education does not
cease when we leave school. Education, rightly
considered, is the work of a life, and libraries are the
schoolrooms of grown-up men. I was exceedingly
touched and affected when, the other day, almost upon
I
my entrance into your horough,
was taken by my
friend and amiable host, Sir E. Armitage, to see
the library and museum at Peel Park, which I be-
lieve owes as much to the philanthropy of my excellent
friend Mr. Brotherton as this library owes to Sir John
Potter. I was moved and affected when I saw 82
many intelligent young faces bending over books with
such earnest attention, and when I felt what a health-
ful stimulus had replaced the old English excitements
of the alehouse and the gin palace. Gentlemen:
whatever minds may be destined to grow up and
flourish under the shade of this tree of knowledge
which you have now planted, none of us can conjec-
ture;
but you of the present generation have
nobly
t o
done your duty, and may calmly leave the result
time, sure that you have placed beside the sorrows,
and cares, and passions of their common sensual life,
direct
our still monitors that instruct our youth, thatrect
l
our manhood, and comfort our old ae. Farbeyond
the
the sphere of our daily labour you have opened
gates of that world which, like the divine poem of our
Own Milton, goes back to the infancy of creation,.er;
and forward to the promise of an infinite hereafter;
to them,
so that I may say to those students whom this library
will call forth and create—l may say
almost in the very words in which that poem con-
cludes

"Th_Teheraetswolourtlidolils
the last fortnight Y ur plice of rest. Be Providence your Ode."
was
beforecarried
y on ,
with wherelo ud toplaudits.choose
Mr
into the language of my
cordial* C.
cheering, said—Sir John Potter, ladies, and
gentlemen, I
DICKENS, who was received with the most
have been so much in the habit within
my feelings,
roPle, that I find it quite a novel sensation to be
iler' dependent solely upon my own. I assure you I
feel at
read it to
this moment in imminent danger of sliding
of relying upon the words of other
last,th and, from the mere force of habit, I rather miss
been made forh
e prompter._(A. laugh.) For this reason, and many
my convictions in association
others, I shall trouble you with a very short speech
tohpeesw,
ca,rnkdinmg
indeed in proposing the resolution with which I have
with this auspiciousyh atonodea:Lthat I cannot
the honour to be intrusted. It so perfectly expresses
do better than
friend who addressed you
provision has
by means of a free
in this institution special
" That, es
that lending library, this meeting cherishes the earnest hope
ofatl the books thus made available will prove a source
a I? easure and improvement in the cottages, the garrets,
and the cellars of ho poorest of our people."
(Cheers.) Ladies and gentlemen, limiting what I
shall say on this subject to two very brief heads, It
would beg to observe, firstly, that I have been made
happy, since I have been sitting here, by the solution
of a problem which has long perplexed me. I- have
seen so many references made in newspapers, Parlia-
mentary debates, and elsewhere, to " the Manchester
school," that I have long bad a considerable anxiety
to
i know what that phrase might mean, and what the
A_
my school might be._(Oheers and laughter.)
my natural curiosity on this head has not been di-
minished by the very contradictory accounts I have
received respecting that same school, some great au-
t .orities assuring me that it was a very go .d one,
some that it was a very bad one ; some that it was
very broad and comprehensive, some that it was very
narrow and limited ; some that it was gi all cant," and
some that it was all cotton. Now, ladies and gentle-
men, I have solved this difficulty by finding here to-
day that the Manchester schcol is a great free school,
bent on carrying instruction to the poorest hearths.—
(Cheers.) It is this great free school, inviting the
humblest workman to come in and to be a student,—
this great free school, muuificently endowed by vo-
luntary contributions in an incredibly short space of
time—starting upon its glorious career with

20,000 volumes ofdi
books—knowingnosti
but the public want and the public g
,ladies and gentlemen'building o
this shall
ha
g)
netien no sect,
no y, t and distinction—(Cheers)—nothing
npcierftor
represent to me the Manchester 8 Cehho
school.—(Cheers.)
oed r.) (
good.—(Cheers.)
ee rri
ssn
i )
tAonwdnsl
apnrdayeittoiesH, Heaven, moreover,
anmyohrei onver, that many great
sionnavthealtonitgau authorities, may go
to school a little in the Manchestergseminary, and
teaches.—(Cheers.)
in my sphere
profitentl
ebt
ny e tnh ea noblend
ladies,
a zealous advocate for the diffusion
of knowledge
ers
among all classes and conditions of men—(Cheers)—
)
because I do believe, with all the strength and might
with which I am capable of believing • anything, that
the more a man knows the more amply,
and with the
more faithful spirit, he comas back to the fountain of
all knowledge, and takes to his heart the great and
sacred precept, "On earth peace, goodwill towards
men."—(Cheers.) And well assured lam that that
great precept, and those other things I have hinted at,
as plesant to have heard here to-day from a working
man, will rise higher and higher, above the beating of
hammers, the roar of wheels, the rattle of machinery,
and the rush of water, and be more and more clearly
felt, through every pulsation of this great heart, the
better known and used this institution is.—(Cheers.)
Ladies and gentlemen, I hive great pleasure in movs4
ing the resolution
.whichLhave already read-to ybur'-f
ftle:+fir:lVl.-Tilacx.Estax, who was much cheered,
said—ln rising to second this resolution you will see
that my trouble indeed is but small. The cause is so
good, and the advocate that you have heard upon it
has addressed you with an eloquence so noble and so
heart-stirring, that it is useless for me to do anything
more than to second him with all my heart, and to
leave the case in the hands of this great jury. Of
course, gentlemen and ladies, among the many sani-
tary and social reforms which every man interested in
the public welfare is now anxious to push forward,
the great measure of books will not be neglected ;
and we look to this as much as we look to air, or as
we look to light or to water, for benefiting our poor.
If books do soothe, and cheer, and console—if books
do enlighten, and enliven,
.and fortify—if they do
make sorrow bearable to us, or teach us to forget or
to endure it—if they do create in us harmless tears
or happy laughter—if they do bring forth in us that
peace and that feeling of goodwill of which Mr.
Dickens spoke but now, and which anybody who reads
his books must have felt has come from them—
(Cheers)—surely we will,not grudge these inestimable
blessings to the poorest of our friends; but will try,
with all our might, to dispense their cheap but pre-
cious benefits over all. Of the educated mechanics,
of course, it is not my business to speak, or even my
wish to pretend to be an instructor. Those who
know the educated mechanics of this vast city, or of
this empire, are aware that they are in the habit of
debating the greatest literary and political questions
among themselves ; that they have leisure to think
and talent to speak much greater than that of other
men who may be obliged, like myself, to appear for a
moment before you; they have their poets and their
philosophers; their education is very much changed
from that of 100 years ago; when, if you remember,
Hogarth represented the idle mechanic as occupied
with "Moll Flanders," and the good mechanic as
having arrived at reading the history of that good
apprentice who was made Lord Mayor of London.
The mechanics of our days have got their Carlyles to
read, their Dickens on the shelf, and their Bulwers
by the side of them.—(Cheers.) It is now to the
very poor, to the especially poor, that this resolution
we have before us applies; and I am sure you will
use your endeavows to meet the purpose for which it
is intended, and to carry the contents of your volumes
among the cottages, the garrets, and the cellars. I
am aware, gentlemen, that in such a vast collection,
the sort of works which I am in the habit of writing
can but occupy a very small space. I know that our
novels are but what we way call tarts for the people,
whereas history is bread, and science is bread, and
historical and spiritual truth are that upon which
they must be fed.
Sir JAMES STEPHEN, introduced as the Professor
of Modern History at Cambridge, said the resolution
he had been called upon to propose was the following
" That in the free reference library this meet-
ing hails with great pleasure a provision for the wants
laf the scholar and the student. of every class, and in
most branches of literature, science, and and
art,
records its firm expectation that by a
continuance
of
liberal aid this department of the institution will long
be a centre of intellectual information and improve-
ment."

Stranger as I am (said he), and unknown by name to
the vast majority of those whom I have the honour to
address, I nevertheless found myself truly unable to
decline the invitation which has breught me hither.
It reached me at Cambridge, where, as Sir John
Potter has stated, I hold the office of Professor of
Modern History. It found me there, surrounded by
every external aid which can promote the pursuit of
knowledge, and in possession of everything which can
recommend such pursuits either to the imagination or
the heart. It found me an inmate of one of those
ancient edifices, where the eternal and immutable re-
lation of the beautiful and holy was first revealed to
Spenser, to Milton, and to 'Wordsworth, that each of
them in his turn might be to his own age the apostle
of that revelation—where Isaac Barrow and Jeremy
Taylor where first taught to illustrate the whole com-
pass of divine learning, by lights drawn from the
whole compass of human learning—where Bacon
laid the deep foundations, and Newton reared
the glorious superstructure of the inductive
philosophy—where Cecil and Cromwell acquired the
rudiments of the great science of goverhing mankind
—where Wishart and Cranmer, Luther and Ridley,
were trained up to be the martyrs of the cause of
man's spiritual freedom—where, emulous of their
great predecessors, a Herschel, an Adams, a Whe well,
and many others whom I might name, but especially
the professor of mineralogy, are labouring at this
moment to scale every height and to sound every
depth, both of natural and moral science—and
where, thanks to the pious zeal, and to the princely
munificence of our founders and benefactors, twenty
noble libraries are thrown open to every member of
our academic body. Now, if in the midst of such as-
sociations and of such associates I had disobeyed your
summons to come hither, and to show by my presence,
as far as I could, the profound interest which the
teachers of youth at Cambridge feel in the moral and
in the intellectual welfare of this great city, I should
not have known how to justify to myself this strange
superiority of my own accidental fortune ; and I
should have failed in one of the most grateful of the
duties which I owe to my own university.—(Cheers.)
Well assured am I that none of my colleagues there
—and, I trust, none of my pupils—are so heedless of
the lessons of history as to contemplate unmoved the
state or prospects of this mighty population. At
Cambridge, as everywhere else where educated men
are brought together, Manchester is a name of
deep and even awful significance ; for here is the
metropolis of that Titanic industry, on the con-
tinued success of which England has delibe-
rately pledged her station and her authority among
the nations of the world.—(Cheers.) Here are daily
exhibited, in the light of day, miracles which no
scepticism disputes—the miracles wrought by me-
chanism and by capital in the hands of a skilful, an
energetic, and an united population. Here is the
mainspring of that mighty commerce by which we
are united in the bonds of peace to every kindred,
tongue, and people of this earth. Here is the theatre
of that domestic union where meet in friendly con-
cert, or in generous rivalry, manual labourers from
each of the three kingdoms of our gracious Sove-
reign—intellectual labourers from every field of
science which is tributary to art—spiritual labourers
from each of the churches which collectively consti-
tute the church universal. Here is the sphere of the
great and tremendous experiment, how physical force
in its most formidable aspect, may be brought into a
glad subjection to moral force in its gentlest and its
kindliest forms. Here has been proclaimed, with un-
exampled success and eloquence, the truth of that
which the French would call the solidarite of man-
kind ; the truth that the members of every human
society, from the domestic household to the great
commonwealth of nations, are knit together for good
or for evil by links wrought by the Almighty arm,
and which, therefore, it is not permitted to any
human hand with impunity to relax, which the
advocates of free trade deduce from political science,
aided by their own extensive experience,
they might with equal confidence have drawn
e
from that inspired canon which teaches that,
sitnduif
but which
member suffer all the members suffer with
one member rejoice all the members rejoice.vviti!!'—of
(Cheers.) Now, sir, between this great. ecie-Ydus-
Manchester, the capital of our inanufac(TtLegscience
try, and Cambridge, the easterncapital
and literature of England, there
possibility we also
ship. When we acknowledge
the ilage of reciprocal
exlssuch a partner-
acknowledge the duty of an interec
reducing to practi-
relations between them.
cal arts every abstract scieTic7;ealwre are teaching every
roved and perfected.
science by which art may
You may infuse into us wbitehialvantage some of your
and progress—(Loud
own healthful spirit of reformo
say that we may with
applause)—and permit we to
to you some of our
some advantage, perhaP9l - •
not less healthful spirit of reverence for the memory,
for the maxims, and for the institutions of our an.
cestors.—(Cheere.) The wealth which your enter-

prise creates gives to your sons the right to compete
for all the highest dignities—Parliamentary, mili-
tary, intellectual, commercial, or what else, which
England has to bestow ; and the scholastic apparatus
which we possess gives to us the power of training
them for success in that noble competition. There-
fore the union of the two may eventually benefit each.
But we invite you or your sons to those twenty libra-
ries of which I have spoken, where let me say there
are diggings infinitely of richer value than those of
Australia. And you will perhaps now permit me
assuming, with but little pretension to assume, the
character of the temporary and monitory represen-
tative of that illustrious -seat of learning, you will
perhaps permit me to offer some short suggestion as
to which your own library may be most judiciously
collected and employed. Sir, if we had now among
us that sententious sage of ancient Greece who de-
clared that a great book was a great evil,' he would
probably extend his maxim further, and say that a
great library was a greater evil still. And doubtless
such
collections are not without their inconveniences.
It may be admitted that they tend to a desultory,
might perhaps say,
discursive,' and Me use of books; that, as John Bun-
yanfrom climbing theof they
deter many. a student
prickly
etaff_of s difficulty, leenicg the
valley below, where,
fruits. Qtr the
eattunelfr•Oxo; Staittelseeetniarztlier ripe
ter.4ti the'
by turning over countless
leaves, he may gather a few sweet but barren Hewers.
But which i 3 that of all the blessings we possess of
which some similar abuse is no
they manage these things bettert:3 13 obsue itbilne ?this nwlio
rtlodp
fi
na
which we live we must begin
they are if we would improve them takingthings as
all experience assures us that this nob;le andchamber doubtless
will
be filled by a large majority of persons seeking not
instruction, but pastime ; looking not for tonics but
for narcotics. Nevertheless,
templewill
a hope that of those who youenter
cherish
this
of learning by these portals of delight,sh some
will, at least, find their way to the of
wisdom; acid even if it should be otherwise, afford-
inginrine
to your fellow-citizens the means of innocent an
intellectual delight, you will have conferred on them
l
an inestimable advantage.—(Cheers.) But there
will be other visitors in this chamber; there will be
persons coming here to satiate that inextinguishable
craving of the soul of man for exact knowledge of ab-
stract truth, and of comprehensive principles. Their
reading will be nutritive, because it will be systema-
tic and consecutive, and assimilated by meditation to
the general mass of their own thoughts and mental
habitudes. To gratify the sacred thirst, you will
make provision proportionate rather to the worthiness
than to the number of those by whom it may be felt.
But thus to classify your library into the two libra-
ries of entertaining and of useful knowledge is truly
unworthy of the nobleness of your purpose. This
room should rather be, and will rather be, a palpable
and a visible commentary on the text of Francis
Bacon—that text, I mean, in which be declares that
the surest division of human learning is that which is
derived from the three faculties of the soul, the seat
of learning; philosophy being relative to the reason,
poetry to the imagination, and history to the me-
mory. Now, with regard to philosophy, there is
nothing which I should presume to offer. Divine
philosophy will assuredly not miss of her due
precedence in this place, when they by whom the
choice of books is to be made will be able to avail
themselves of the counsels of the Lord Bishop of this
diocese, and of my excellent and very learned friend
the President of the Independent College of this
county.—(Cheers.) And among the fellow citizens
and associates of Dalton it is not for me to offer any
suggestion as to the choice of books regarding human
philosophy. Neither will I attempt to say much re-
specting the second Baconian division, which is poetry ;
for poetry, whether she express herself in verse or in
prose, whether she shall assume the character of the
epic, or the drama, or the romance, or the fable, or the
ode, or allegory, poetry has been to every one of us,
for many a long year, either as a handmaid or a mis-
tress ; and I firmly believe there is no one here pre-
sent who could not extemporise an excellent catalogue
of the works of that kind which it would be most
desirable to purchase ; nor any one who could
not more or less, from his own experience, illus-
trate in what manner such works would be most
' fitly Bat bdOrel lin-rtAry;
I cannot but in this presence take the liberty
expressing to the three great masters of the dramatic
romance of our own time and country the gratitude
which, both as a father of a family and as a tutor of
youth, I cherish towards them.—(Applause.) The
author that has been pleased to depreciate a little his
own err, the author of Vanity Fair, and the other
author whose works in that kind are so numerous that
I can hardly illustrate them, except by naming the
Caxtons—these great authors have a negative merit,
the value of which will be best appreciated by mhos.-
who are beet acquainted with their continental rival:
—the merit, I mew, that they have never caused
modesty to blush or virtue to frog n.—(Applause.)
But the merit of the writings of the third is of a
yet higher nature ; it is that amid all the riot of
their fancy, their humour, and their whim, while,
they teach us to laugh most heartily at each others
follies, and to be dissatisfied with each other's
faults, they still have in common the one unbroken
aim to teach us all to assist, to pity, to forgive,
and to love one another—(Applause)—and hence it
is not without reason that the latest of those works,
which I have had the good fortune to read, has taken
to itself that fitting title of Household Words. And
now, unless I have—as I fear I have--entirely ex-
haustedone short moment to make some allusion to the third
your patience, would beg. permission
.for
of those divisions of Lord Bacon in whichhl amf my-
mean
old Cambria
?
self more peculiarly concerned--I
tort'. I am not going to repeat an Cambridge
peak here, my ace-
lecture, be assured. I hope to s
demical dress being laid aside, like a man of this
world. But while philosophy will be the pursuit of
the few—the remarkable few—and poetry will be the
delight and solace of the multitude, history will be
the appropriate study of-the great majority. It will
be so, because the lessons it teaches are of peculiar
importance to men in their relation to the common-
wealth, to men as citizens ; and it will be so especially
because whatever is done in that matter forms the
basis, the skeleton of all the future knowledge which
the reader can acquire, and gathers around those dry
bones and imparts to them the beauties of form, of
colour, and of vitality. We are living, Sir, at a time
when it is not permitted to any man to withhold
the little which it may be in his power
to contribute towards the advancement of such
objects as this. These mighty discoveries and strange
inventions, these gigantic revolutions, these unheard
of migrations, this heaving of the lower strata of
n
human society, this increasing power ofe e popular theave reachedwhe
voice—all these things testify that w
the accomplishment of the prophecy of that time
" men shall run to and fro on the earth, and know-
ledge shall be increased,"—and therefore that
human
emaarne
aaffppafrrosa.chiTnug agreat
approach such a
erisisandcrisis or catastrophe in
a right spirit, it behoves
ucatastro rpeh
You have doneus all to do our best.
this temple of year best; you have erected
now, knowledge in the midst of a
multitude, whom
with,
caosinwoesuhraeveanhdescl rs re-
cently,we regard
hope,o
but
whom altered circumstances uplight cause us to regard
with very different feelings. The future, however,
is in the hands of Him who rules us all—euebusinisss
is with the preseut, or with the present
sliming in some I, re-
the Noble Lord who just addressed you Toil; h with
G d blgess this
inferior authority, would say, " May hose humanity
Flay to repeat his svordstot_
institution, and reward those by lit
it was devised, and by whose libera Y it has been
erected."—(Great cheering.) Chairman and
Mr. R. Mums, M.P.,
elstive each you have bad
id
s
Seary little from me to add
gentlemen, it will require
to the interesting andsu_ig
g p
story in the University of
from the Professor of H
Cambridge.gni6cent libraries to which our
re-
member those 20
I, too,ma ladies and gentlemen, well w
very few people there were to
also remember ho
"and
friend the learned professor has made allusion ; and I
Near, ear, laughter.) I remem-
read them many k
piles of books I have there seen resting
b
walls, which I could have
wisheda
and heartily
of our desired to see in the hands of the poorest
ne her how
dust u
p on the
fellow-men.—(Hear, hear.) I have remem-
bered, too, not without shame, how many of the
class to which I belong possess magnificent reposi-
tories of books, from which hardly a volume ever
descends from the shelves.—(Laughter.) I there-
fore will take another line of congratulation from that
which has been offered to you. You have been con-
gratulated, red justly an, on your own munificence
and liberality and sound judgment in raising this in-
stitution, in purchasing this noble building, in filling
these shelves as they are filled,—but let me congra-
tulate you on having a population which can read
them.—(Cheers.) Ladies and gentlemen, I think
it impessible to overrate the political utility of such
an institution as this. Think what a book is—what
every one of those volumes upon your shelves is. It is
a portion of the eternal mind, caught in its progress
through the -world, stamped in an instant, and pre-
served for eternity. Think what it is—that enor-
mous
amount of human sympathy and intelligence
that is contained in these volumes, and think what it
is that this sympathy should be communicated to the
masses of the people. Comptire the stall of the man

who is really well informed with the whole of that
part of literature upon the subject on which he is
speaking, and with which his mind is embue.d, with
that of the solitary artisan, upon whom, perhaps, the
light of genius has dawned in some great truth, in
some noble inspiration, in some high idea, resting
there, unable to accomplish itself, unable to realise
its meaning, and probably ending in nothing but dis-
content or despair.—(Hear.) Compare the state of
that man, such as he would be without book., with
what that man may be with books. So that it is
only books that can save him from the most exag-
gerated conclusions, from the falsest doctrines, and
ail those evils which may damage and even destroy
the masses of mankind. It is only ,remember, what
lies in these books that makes all the difference be-
tween the wildest Socialism that ever passed into the
mind of a man in this ball, and the deductions and
careful processes of the mind of the student who
will sit at these tables—who will learn humi-
lity by seeing what others have taught before
him; and who will gain from the sympathy
of ages intelligence and sense for himself.—(Cheers.)
I believe, too, that even in the mere and more mate-
' tial form it will be of the greatest advantage to this
population. When the Committee of the House of
' Commons on which I sat, and of which a gentleman
whose name should not go unmentioned in this hall,
Mr. E wart, was chairman—(Cheers)—and a most inde-
faiigable and zealous chairman he was—among the
great amouot'of evidence brought before us in that
Committee I am not aware that any one sentence
touched me more than the evidence given, if I re-
member right; by some person intimately connected
with the menufacturine districts, that bouke were a
good deal more sought for aid read by artisans when
they had short time and less work than when they
were in full-employment. I own I thought that I
saw in this something more than-met the eye. I saw
thatit-wasTossible fer..the artisan not enjoying the
iiill pi'atitalit .II ra`stretii Is and his labour to find at
least some consolation for the increased difficulties and
self-denial to which 'he was subject, and, in commu-
; fling with the minds of others through the various
channels of literature, deriving perhaps comfort and
advantage to himself in seeing how other men had
toiled and suffered before him, and beginning to hope for
the future time by seeing how full of glorious prospects
this world is for the good of the industrious man.—
(Cheers.) Ladies and gentlemen, the resolu'ion
which has been placed in my hands is of s• me special
import to me, because it refers to the books which
are placed in this room, which are not to be taken out
of it, but which are to he enjoyed in fall community
by all the inhabitants of this place. It is therefore
truly touching to us to feel that these volumes, pre-
ktnasino: you
for pre-
sented to us by Royal munificence, will be shared
equally by the wealthiest and the most intelligent
among you, and by the poorest and simplest student.
These, gentlemen, are real principles
principles of equality from which the most timid need
of equality,
not shrink, because we know that they only substan-
mgwwroeoaerrdtil,dad
date this solemn truth, that, beyond sod behind this
t,
and
wnno
ndi
whichst
inl 1,
and awl l
hi
thereit
es htitles, changesthe
iasu equality,d
poorest a
positions,n d
ina chances,
which
there
leasth i
c with all its
apbroouvedebsitin—tio(Ckhneoewrse.)w.hether he may not be a deal
having asked me here to-day.
therefore for
for having heard these few poor observeLraeteliyohinicistuslhu'eaoautnfni
which I belong, and of the common citizenship and I thank you, in the name of the
.isnsahiurethtaot
and preserve a na-
tion.—(Loud all enjoy, for having consummated one ofpthose
great acts which animate, educate,
cheers.)
The Earl of WILTON seconded the resolution, which
was carried unanimously.
Mr. BRIGHT, M.P., then rose and said—The reso-
lution which the committee have placed in my hands
is one which to my mind appears to be not very
necessary for the objects of the meeting and for the
success of the institution, because it merely asks the
Town-council of Manchester to do their duty with
regard to it. It is as follows :
e That in transferring to the corporation of Man-
chester their farewell offering, as embodied in the free
library, the contributors express their fullest confidence
that the trust reposed in the municipal body will be ful-
filled so as to realise the most sanguine expectations of
its founders."
Now, the corporation of Manchester representing the
borough of Manchester, they represent, no doubt,
nine. tenths of the subscribers to the institution.—
(Hear.) The corporation of Manchester is one of
those not of very ancient standing, but which has
been and is characterized by the activity and energy
of its operations since it was first established. And
if that corporation can be trusted with the police, the
draining, the lighting, the supply of water, the ma-
nagement of the improvements of the town, and the
isys hie se the liree revenues of the town, there can
be no )BOubt whatever that they can be equally trusted
with cne mansgetnent of this most interesting insti-
talent- init.- ViEitc It& - reeoltittar'weil gut - into-
my heads it was hinted to me by a gentleman very
lit elyth know, that I had better say very little about
the corporation—(Hear, hear, and I.ughrer)—that, in
point of fact, there were persons who took an exag-
gerated and perhaps unfair view of what it is ; there
were others who felt the corporation rather as the
instrument for the levying of the I, cal taxation. Well,
but let every man bear this in mind, that all persons
who have examined the condition of Manchester some
few years ago, and know its condition now, believe
that there is not, us I believe there is not, a cor-
poration in the United Kingdom that within the last
ten years has done so much for the permanent ad-
vantage of the town with which it is connected as the
corporation of Manchester.—(Cheers.) And although
the burden of rates, as we all feel, is not inconsider-
able, let us, at any rate, if we cannot get rid of there
rates, look at the bright side of the question, and see
the advantages which we derive from their expendi-
ture. The council, as you have heard, have not the
power to increase this library. I doubt if it has the
power, to the extent which the founder of the library
intended, even to conserve the library in the position
in which it is now before you. The Libraries Act,
as you are aware, is a very ilieffisient and incomplete
measure, and IWIls in the House of Commons when
it passed, and if it were not keeping the meeting with
what hardly belongs to it, I could describe some of
the difficulties which Mr. E wart and Mr. Brother-
ton, who were the parents of this Act, had in pass-
ing it through the House of Commons. And it is an
extraordinary fact that the opposition to this Bill
came almost entirely from that side of the House
which is comprised
of country gentlemen, a great
portion of them having had, no doubt, an education
at one of our great universities. Those gentle-
men opposed thin Act on the ground, and I hope
by this time they have found it was not a very judi-
cious ground, that there were certain boroughs
steldri
certain agricultural districts that were incorporated,
and that it would not be a judicious and prope hi
Bill of
to add to the burdens on land by
this nature. Now. lam wtlitli agriculture,
any class to say that those connecctteure.,
can dispense
or those connected with
1118
n uf
library affords to the
with such instruction as"iivaiiitais not for
people. lam sure it would
try, better for every manufacturing
nufacturing labourer and
this
uisietee sbuePrtdaeter for this coun-
if they were well read and
ca-
pitalist and every
firtTlose branches wbich are
well instructed instructed in al
to the population of Manches-
cessible in this library w
thatwhenever this question may
every agricultural laboaerre every manufacturing ca-
Commons we shall find on
the House of
come before
the House which has now the Govern-
that side of , and cordial agreement
: banns a ready
Govern-
ment in its ter ; and I hope
theot institutions such as this.—(Hear, bear,
ft! and us with regard to the objects and
and cbeer • I think, as we have a distinguished
distinguished from his lirerary position
ed now as one of the Members for all
--clistinglS
English county, sitting here with us, and who has
ade a speech that I listened to with extreme plea-
sure—lm say I think I may, on behalf of the meeting,
betweengentleman
advantages
5.:13)
entreat him, when he shall take his place in the House
of C0111111101:19, and any further measures of this nature
shall be brought before Parliament, that he will en-
the
en-
deavour to induce those among whom he sits to give
judicious their cordial cc-operationwise a t
iaonnd
wfiatvho favour
regard
to
oany further
to
es-
tablishment of free libraries by the corporations of
this country.—(Hear, hear.) The resolution I said
was not necessary, because it merely expresses what I
am quite sure the Corpt ration already feel, that it is
their duty to conserve this institution to the utmost of
their power. It has been raised by the joint sub-
scription of all classes ; it is intended for the benefit of
all ; there can be no result come from it which is not
creditable to Manchester, and to the authorities of
Manchester, and therefore I feel the greatest confi-
dence that the institution will never be found by any
of its friends in a less efficient and complete condition
than it is on the day of its opening.—(Cheers.)
F.
Mr. C. Knig the Bishop
ht, Mr. Felkin, of Nottingtaarn, r.
Cueninghatn, the Rev. Dr. Vaughan, dthot
Manchester, end other gentlemen, addresse e
meeting, which did not break up until ab out th ree•
o'olrick in the afternoon.
The following additional resolutions were agreed
to :

given may
similar libraries libtarii-s in
" That the pi o.noters and friends of the institution
sitigh3e(netXoflfnlpsiet:li
moat
followede arneabl; desireo the
es
ttubbsi ti
the populous ci:it s and towns of the United Kingdom,
and that' ili, effat et this new feature in cur social
economy will be manifested in the growing intelligence
and improvement of the English nation."
Tuat, in common wid3. Many friends of such institu-
tions, this coeotog ri,grtts tt at the Act of Parliament
under which this bbre.ry Will be conducted should con-
tain no provision fo: the purchase of books cut of the
rate, and trusts that this de ect may be remedied by
early legislative eh.Lctment, especially as the id. rate
will be amply suffici(nr, in large towns, for this and
every other purpose of free libraries.
"That our warmest thanks are due, and are cordially
tendered to the distitguished noblemen and gentlemen,
who have come from a distance to sanction, by their pre-
sence, an event so intereating to every loyer of literature

a nd to all who desire to strengthen the influences which
conduce to the elevation and happiness of mankind.
" That this assemblage cannot separate without offer-
ing its most grateful. acknowledgments to Sir John
Potter, for his deep interest and unremitting exertions
on behalf of this institution, from his purchase of this
building to the present time—and for his valuable ser-
vices as chairman of the committee—as its representa-
tive in the corporation—and as the President of this
day."

A LLSOPP'S PALE ALES and BARON
LMBIG.
'4,ltiough not in the habit of replying to anonymous advertise-
ments, and although they cannot condescend to answer some of
a very discreditable nature to the parties concerned, Messrs. ALL-
sopp and SONS are compelled to take notice of an announcement
bearing the name of Professor LIEBIG, to which an invidious pub-
Deity has been given. Messrs. ALLSOPP and SONS regret this
necessity, as they have reason to suppose that that advertisement
has emanated from an unworthy jea'ousy on the part of those who
should rather have shown gratitude for the labour and expense
which Messrs. ALLSOPP and SONS have not spared to remove
the otherwise ruinous prejudice impending the Pale and Bitter Ales
of this country from the mistake of a French chemist.
Messrs. ALLSOPP and SONS would now call the attention of the
pu'rlic to the tenoning points :
That the original letter of Baron LIEBIG is addressed to Mr.
HENRY ALLSOPP, individual) .
That he therein intimates that he had been applied to by Mr.
HE ALLSOPP on the subject, and that his opinion had been
requested, of course, for publication, by that gentleman.
That he therein ackno ledges the receipt of samples of ALL-
SOPP'S PALE ALES, train the London bottlers, as sve!l as other
samples of the same, sent to him direct, by private friends. On
these he, spec'fica ly, winds the opinion reported by him to Mr.
HENRY ALLSOPP in that letter—the general mention of the Bur-
ton brewers being incidental.
And thus, then, the letter of Baron LIEBIG having been written
for Messrs. ALLSOPP and SONS, and sent to Mr. HENRY ALL.
SOPP, on the subject of Messrs. ALLSOP and SONS' ALES, they,
having, as they had, Baron LIE BIG'S authority to do so, were fully
entitled to publish it.
Messrs. ALLSOPP and SONS consider it not unnecessary to add,
that their intercourse with Baron LIE BIG is of some duration ; they
having frequently consulted the learned professor on certain pro-
cesses of brewing. And they are confident, therefore, that this last
letter, anonymously issued, must either have been greatly muti-
lated previously to publication, or that it could only have been sent
in reply to some wrong impression conveyed to that eminent man,
in respect to an alleged undue puulicity given to his opinions.
Burton-upon-Trent, Aug. 25, 1852.

PROFESSOR LIEBIG on ALLSOPP'S PALE
ALE.

From Baron Liebig to Mr, Allsop,
"The specimens r f your Pale Ale ,Ent to me afforded me another
opportunity of confirming its valuable quaLties. lam myself an ad-
mirer of this beverage, and my own experience enables me to re-
commend it, in acc.rdance with the opinion or the most eminent
English physicians, as a very agreeable and efficient tonic, and as a
general beverage, both for the invalid and the robust.
" JUSTIJS LIEBIG.
" Giessen, May 6, 1852."

That the Public might form a correct judgment of the Inten-
tion of that eminent authority, Messrs. ALLSOPP and SONS have
republished Baron LIEBIWS Letter to \ir. ALLSOPP in eatenso,
in all the London Daily Journals, as well as in other Paperi, coPies
of which Letter, and of the very numerous and continually ocreaS-
leg Professional Testimonials in favour of their PALE and BITTER
ALE, may he obtained on application at tho Brewery, Burton-on-
Trent ; or at their Establishments in London, Liverpool, Manches-
ter, Dudley, Glasgow, Dublin, Birmingham, and elsewhere.