The Sun.
London, England, 1864-11-01 00:00:00

that within a year LEECH should have followed
THACKERAY to the tomb; strange that the two
gifted and distinguished schoolfellows should have
been so brief a time parted. They have alike left
names no lees honoured in their calling than
cherished in their homes, and in this age, when
morbid sentiment and :extravagant pretension and
smoothfaced hypocrisy are only too common, we can
ill afford to miss those keen and quick witted cen.
sore who spared neither wealth nor rank, nor
power, when they found it trenching on the code
of truth and right.

Visit of the Metropolitan Board of Works

to Carlisle.

CARLISLE, Saturday Evening.
This morning the Metropolitan Board of Works,
including the chairman (Mr. J. Tb waites), his secre.
tary (Mr Creasy), Mr. Freeman, chairman of Main
drainage committee, and about 25 members of the
Board, and accompanied by Mr Bazalgette, their

chief engineer, arrived at Carlisle to inspect the
works in operation here for the utilisation of the
sewage of the city. In the forenoon they proceeded
to the Town Hall, where they were received by the
Mayor of Carlisle, and a small deputation of the
L9cal Board of Health, and were joined by Mr
Lawson, M.P., Mr Potter, M.P., and other gentle-
men. They then proceeded to the Willow Holme,
near the main outlet of the sewage of the city,
where the works conducted by Mr Alexander

M'Dougall, chemist, Manchester, are in operation,
and that gentleman explained to the Board the
manner in which the sewage is applied to the land
he has in hand. As stated in The Sun last week
the area actually irrigated is about 60 acres. The
Board were first taken to a small engine-house,
near which is sunk a deep well, into which
the sewage is run, and where it is die•
infected. The process of the disinfection is
very simple, In two barrels, placed in a
covered house, carbolic acid, which is insoluble in
pure water, is dissolved in lime water, and then runs

into a third barrel. This is the disinfecting liquid,
and it runs slowly into the well below, in which the
sewage is collected, and there it is mixed with it,
acd then pumped into canals, which convey it on
the land. The general arrangement of these canals
was described in The Sun last week. A broad canal
is run round the field, which can be stopped up at
any point, and sewage diverted into movable iron
channels, from which it is shed upon the land. Mr
M'Dougall stated that the principal part of the
sewage of Carlisle is thus utilised. But the sewage
of one district of the town eaters the main outlet
sewer lower down than his works, and that part is
not made use of by him. By the erection of another
engine this also could be made available for the
land ; but as the district in question is one in which
there are few water-closets, Mr M'Dougell does not
consider the sewage of sufficient value to warrant
the expense of an additional engine. Speaking in
rough numbers the population in the district of
which the sewage is not utilised, but is run into the
river, is about 7,000 or 8,000 ; while that of the
whole of the other districts of the town (all the
sewage of which is applied to the soil) is 22,000 or
23,00 people. Mr. Dougall stated that there had
not been any complaints made of the slightest smell
from his land or works, and the Metropolitan Board'
verified this by their own personal inspection and
observation. As the Board walked over the land
Mr. M'Dougall made some interesting statements
as to the effects of the application of disinfected
sewage to the land. He had found that, whereas in
Owes where sewage has been applied in a putrifiA
state the finer grasses are destroyed and rank coarse
grass takes its place, the application of disinfected
sewage had not been attended with a like result.
The fine grasses were still preserved. Fears had
been expressed by practical farmers that although
they might do to departure mulch cows upon, yet
when these meadows came to be used for sheep
feeding, the animals would be rained by the disease
of " flukes in the liver." Experience had shown
these fears to be groundless, the deodorizer acing
as a preventive. Nor had any foot-rot been expe-
rienced. Indeed, the disinfecter being an anti-
septic, any sheep slightly affected with foot-rot
were cured by being pat into the irrigated land.
There is one portion of the land leased by Mr.
M'llaugall which is not irrigated. The stock are
free to roam over both portions of the holmes, and
it was found that they much preferred the irrigated
part ; indeed, they had to be penned on that not ir-
rigated if it was thought desirable to keep them
there ; and the board, by contrasting the colour of
the grass in the two parts of the land, saw how
much more luxuriant was the grass on that
which was irrigated. Mr. INl'Deugall stated
that he considered the produce on the ir-
rigated meadows to be about four times as
great as that on the land to which the liquid
sewage is not applied ; and in some parts, where the
irrigations had been made more frequently, five
times as great. According to the plan usually fol-
lowed, the sewage is pumped on each section of the
field for four hours at a time, and as it takes about
four months to go over the whole area in this way,
each section is irrigated three times a year. Mr
M.Dougall expressed his opinion that the best way
to make the application and sewage profitable would
be to cut the grass and carry it away for stall-fed
oxen, the manure of which should be taken away to
fertilise an arable farm where winter food could be
grown.

Having finished their inspection of the works, the
Board returned to the city, and learnt from the
butcher by whom the land is rented (Mr Moffat
Hetherington) that he considered the application of
the sewage most beneficial. Experience
had shown
him that it was twice as valuable to him as land
otherwise of equal value which had not been irri-
gated. The Board, who expressed themselves much
pleased with what they had seen,
and pur-
pose for E dinburgh
in the evening, by the " Waverley route,"
pose extending their tour to Glasgow.

EXCITING SCENE ON THE COAST,--SHIPWRECK,
AND GALLANT RESCUE OF THE CREW.•••••A. moat exciting
scene occurred at Cullercoats on Friday night. The wind
blew from the eastward; the night was pitch dark, and the
sea was heavier than it had been known for years. Between
nine and ten o'clock at night a thick mist came on, and just
about that time the villagers were much alarmed by observ-
ing a vessel close under the cliffs to the north of the village
burning lights, and upon rushing down to the cliffs they
noticed that the vessel was upon the rocks, in danger of
momentarily breaking up, and the crew were shouting
for help, and burning tar barrels and torches to
attract attention. From the tremendous sea that was roll-
ing upon the shore it was impossible to get the lifeboat over
Cullercoats bar, and if the fishermen had succeeded in doing
so she would have speedily been dashed to pieces on the
rocks, Fleet footed messengers were despatched to the
coastguard stations at Whitleyistud Tynemouth for the roc-
kets, and speedily the officer at the former place was on the
cliffs with the mortar and apparatus. The greatest anxiety
was felt then lest the vessel should break up before lines
could be thrown to the crew, end fishermen and fisher-
women worked like horses, under the direction of the
coast guards, which were drawing up from Tynemouth
and other stations, to get the mortar into position,
extra gear being brought by Mr Byrne, the chief boatman,
and two lines were cleverly shot over the vessel. The crew
of the vessel fortunately knew how to use them. A hawser
was fastened to the mizzen rigging, life-buoys were got into
trim, and in a short time all hands, men and boys, were
hauled on to the cliffs amidst loud cheering. While the
people on the shore were thus employed the vessel was
rapidly breaking up. When the last man left her she was in
three pieces, and within an hour she had entirely fallen to
fragments, and was floating about the sea. Any delay or
want of promptitude on the part of the villagers in bring •
ing immediate help to the crew would have been fatal,
as they were just saved, and that was all. But the fisher-
men and noble fisherwomen and fisher lasses of Cullercoats
were not contented with simply assisting to save the pcor
fellows. In every direction women and lasses were bringing
warm clothing and refreshments for the half-perished men,
and they were removed to the inns kept by Mr Smith and
Mr Thompson, where every attention was paid to their com-
fort. The vessel proved to be the barque Warrior, of Sunder-
land, from Hamburg. She had missed Teignmouth lights,
and having drawn to the northward, got embayed. :The
captain had his anchors out, but the vessel had dragged
them and struck upon the rocks, about two hundred yards
from the cliffs —.Newcastle Chronicle.

------
CARMARTIIEN ELECTION.—The election for Care
marthen took place yesterdity afternoon at 2 o'clock. Mr
William Morris was nominated by Mr Lewis Morris, soli-
citor, of Carmarthen, and seconded by Mr James Buckley,
of Perlyrui, Llanolly. There was Ito opposition.