The Sun.
London, England, 1852-11-02 00:00:00

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TUES DAY elNicv
1P0w../ NOVEMBER 2, 1852:

PINAIMUIRriIen.
rr,Ci HOMAS HOOD'S GRAVE.—The publication
IL. in Eliza's Cook's Journal of " Lines written at Kensall-green
Cemetry," has induced numerous readers to express an earnest de-
sire to assist in raising a fund for the purpose of placing a memorial
over the remains of" Poor Hood."
Many a burst of merriment has echoed above " Hood's Comic
A nnual," from the lips of all classes. For mane a year he
our Christmas firesides with racy hamour, that never *weariedcheered by
its frivolity nor offended by its coarseness. Far and wide was he
known as the Poet of Mirth: but the higher development of his
genius and the nobler purpose of his muse were shown in such
glorious hymns as " The Song of the Shirt" and the " Bridge of
Sighs." Those who have read either of these poems will acknow-
ledge that such a man deserves to have a mark upon his sleeping-
place, so that it may be Land witnout the help of a grave-yard
servant, and ail who have laughed at his inimitable wit, or sighed
over his human tenderness, arc now earnestly solicited to spare
what they can in aid of a purpose which is alike praiseworthy in
the living and due to the dead.
Fir the furthering of this design, the following gentlemen, mem-
bers of the Whittingt, I Club, have formed themselves into a Com-
mittee :
Mr. J. Balfour Mr. R. W. Roberts
I
Mr. Campbell Clarke Mr. W. Strudwicke
Mr. Edward Copping Mr. H. Roscoe St. John
Mr. J. Passmore Edwards N r. George Waller
Mr. H. C. Maguire Mr. John Watkins, and
Mr. C. S. Mideleton Mr. G. W. Yap'`
At the request of these gentlemen, Miss Eliza Cook has consented
to be Treasurer to the fund, and Mr. John Watkins to be Honorary
Secretary.
Subscriptions will be received by Mr. William Strudwicke, at the
Whittington Club, Arundel-street, Strand ; at the office of Eliza
Cook's Journal, 3, Raquet-court, Fleet-street ; by Miss Eliza Cook,
54, Great Ormonde-street, Bloomsbury ; axd by Mr. John Watkins,
34, Parliament-street, Westminster.
Yost-office orders may be made payable to the Treasurer or Secre-
tary.

The following Contributions have been received
Ins Grace the Duke of Devonshire, K.G.........£25 0 0
The Right Hon. T. B. Macaulay, M.P.... ... 5 0 0
The Right Hon. B. Disraeli, M.P
Miss Eliza C00k...... •• .• .. •• .
Miss • • •• •••••• 5 0 0
Mrs. Robert E11i0tt..... ...... ............ • 0 0 0
Richard Dawson, Esq., M.D..... • • ...• • ...... . 5 0 0
George Peabody, Esq..•• • • •• •• 5 5 0
Edward Moorman, Esq. ..... .
MOM. Spalding and Hodge..... .• •
Saninel Relgers, Esq.... • . S 0 0
C. W. Dilke, Esq... •••••• •• •• ................ 8 8 0
Elias Davis, Esq..• •••••••• • •• • • • 3 8 0
Charles Lashington, Esq.. • •• • • ............ 3 0 0
J. B. Buckstone. Esq., U. Is.; Mrs. Fitzwilliam,
1/. Is.; Miss Fitawilliam, 10s. 6d• • •• • • .... 212 6
The Right lion. the Earl of Ellesmere . . 2 0 0
Sir James Duke, Bart., M.?. • 2 2 0
Douglas ;Jerrold, E5q.....• ..... • •
T. K. Hervey, Esq. •••••••• • • • • ............ 2 2 0
B. W. Procter, Esq., (Barry Cornwall) • • •... 2 2 0
Rowland Hill, Esq., General Post-office •• •• •• .. 2 2 0
C. Mackay, Esq., LL.D. ••..••• • • • • • .......... 2 2 0
C. W. Dine, jun., Esq.. •• •• ••
Edward M0x0n,E5q........... •• .• • • ........ 2 2 0
Frederick Muspratt, Esq. ..... • • .... 22 0
Frederick Heath, E5q....... •• . •
Cox, Brothers, and Wyman ••••• • • • • • ........ 2 2 0
Jas. Wyld, Esq., 201.; Mrs. Wyld, 103.; Master
and Miss Wyld, 10s. ••.•.• • • • • 2 0 0
Murdo Young, Esq.. ••.. • •• • •
Murdo Young, jun., 10s. 6d. ; Miss Young, 10s.
6d. ; Miss C. Young, 106.6 d.; Miss F. Young',
10s. 6d... ...... • •
Mrs. Theodora Martin (Miss llelen Faucit) •. 2 2 0
Edwin Brown, Esq., Coventry .• •
Herbert Williams, Esq., and Mrs. 11. Williams lll 6
The Right Hon. the Earl of Carlisle.. •• • • 1 1 0
The Right lion. Lord Brougham ••..•• • • • .
11,e Right Hon. Lord Dudley Stuart.... • •
Lady Sanays •••••• • • •• •• '••
11. Oliveira, Esq., M.P..
J. Westland Morison, Esq
Charles Swain, Esq..
R. Swift, Esq., M.P .• • • • • .... 1 1 0
William Jordan, Esq.... • .
Hepworth Dixon, Esq. • ..... •••• • •• .......... 1 1 0
W. C. Macready, E!q•• . ... •••• • • • .......... 1 1 0
Samuel Phelps, Esq . ll 0
Thomas Greenwood, E5q.................... 1 1 0
Thomas Cotterell, Esq., ex-Sheriff of London.... 1 1 0
James Macgregor, Esq., INI.P •• ..
Charles Cook, Esq., •••• .... ••
Horace Roscoe St. John, E5q...... •• •• 1 1 0
Boyle St. John, E5q..... •• • • •• • 1 0
Richard Beard, jun., Esq.. •.•• • • • •
IL C. Maguire, Esq.. ••..••• • • • •• • 1 1 0
Rev. Felix Palmer, Fryaning .........•
11. Tindal Atkinson, Esq.. • • •••• ••
George Grossmith, Esq.... ....... 1 1 0
W. Roberts, Esq.. •• •• .... • • ...... 1 1 0
Matthew Noble, Esq• •• • • .....
J. Passmore Edwards, Esq. ••••• • • ....... ..... 1 1 0
Robert Rawlinson, Esq., C.E.... ••..• • • . • . 1 1 0
John Watkins, Esq.. • • ......... ...... 1 1 0
Chas. S. Middleton, Esq.. • • ........... ..... 1 1 0
J. T. Redford, E5q.......... •• •• _ 1 1 0
William Mort, Esq., Manchester.... ...... 1 1 0
W. A. Matthews, E5q.......... •• _ _ 1 1 0
Charles Barker, Esq... • ••..•• •• 1 1 0
John Franks, Esq.. ••..••• • • • .• • I 1 0
Frederic Doniton, E5q....... • •
William Wrightson, Esq.. •• • 1 1 0
.. • • .... 1 0 0
Henry Allsopp, Esq., Burton-on-Trent ..
Mrs. Millman• •••.•..••.• • • • • •• 1 1 0
W. Marsden, Esq., M.D.• •
Jonas Levy, Esq ••••••
M. W. Walkin, Esq. ••• .• •••• • • • • 1 1 0
W. J. Fox, E5q.......... ••. • • • .............. 1 1 0
Lady Morgan. ..... ....... ..... ......... ..... 1 1 0
James Low, E5q.....
W. C. M. Kent, Esq.. _____ •• • . 1 1 0
Warren de la Rue, Esq
Charles Hardwick, Esq., Preston.... •• •• 1 0 0
T. B. Turton, Esq., Sheffield—. •• ••• • • • ........ 1 0 0
Joseph Turton, Esq., do ..... 1 0 0
William Turton, Esq., do ......
Twelve Poor Men, in shillings ........ ......... 012 0
Miss Millard • .....• ........ .......... 0 10
G. W. a app, Esq., aim BUTS. rapp.•..
Edward Copping, Esq.,— • ........ . .• • .... al 10 6
William Strudwicke, Esq.• •.. • • • ..... •• • . 010 6
Campbell Clarke, Esq ••••• • • • • .......•• ...... 010 6
George Walter, Esq.• ••••••••• • • • •
J. Balfour, Esq , and Mrs. C. L. Balfour ...... 010 0
Sydney Vardon, Esq.. •••• • • •
A few Poor Needlewomen.... ••..•• •• • •
.... •• 010 6
George H. Watkins, Esq.• ••.• •• 0 10 6
Lieut.-Col. Fitzmaurice.... •• •• •• ••
AFriend ••••••••••••
George Sanders, Esq• •.•••.•• • • • • •
Charles Smith, Esq.... •• .. ........ ........ 010 6
Thomas Watts, Esq. . ..
Leopold J. Lardner, Esq• ....... • • .... 010 6
Asline Ward, Esq., New York.. •• ••• • • • ........ 010 0
T. C.
Robert Dawbarn, Esq., Wisbeach .• •.... ..... • • 010 0
M. E. Marsden, Esq..
H. Britian Willis, Esq
Charles Millward, Esq., Liverpool.. ........ • • 010 6
A Frenchman, ...... • •
0 10 6

Fred. Wm. Bloxam, Esq.
In Sixperces from Assistants at 1, North-street,
Bristol •• • • .... ..... ....
Isaac Latimer, Esq... ••.. • • ............ • • .... 010 0
0 10 6
Samuel D. Rickards, Esq.
Joseph Hardy, E5q....... • •
Printers employed on the Musical Bouquet, •• .. 010 0
Charles Sheard, E5q..........
Luke Liier, EFq
Limner,
0 10 0
S. Brown, Esq., Coventry •• .............
H. Brown, Esq., Coventry
T. Prewn, Esq.. Coventry•• .... . . 6
.... •• • • 010 0
Alfred Keeling, E5q,...... • • ......... . 010
G. P. and C. P .. .. •••..• • .. ..... ..... 07 6
• •••• ** .. 7 0
Seven Dressmakers .. ••••••••••• • • • • " • -• " " 0 5 0
James Teague, Esq., M.D... ••• • • • • • •
0 5 0
Thomas Wilson, E5q..... ..... .... .. • • . . • • .• ..
0 6 0
J. Ileylin, Esq,
James Evans, F.sq. .......... .• • ...• •••••• • • • • 8 8 0
John Phillips, E5q......... .....
..
..... ...• •• .. 0 5 0
AWidow, .. • • • • •• ...•
..... .......... •• •• •• .. 0 5 0
Thomas Heapby, Esq 5 0
A. J. Honey, Esq. —..
AFriend .....• • . • • • • • • ...... •• .• .. •• • •
...... 0 5 0
Henry Mann, Esq. .
11. Seholfleld Johnson, Esq , M.D.
Nathaniel Randall, Esq.
W. Davey, Esq... • • .• .. • • • • • • .. ••
....... .... 0 5 0
Joel I.owsell, Esq. ... .
C. Brown, Esq., Coventry ............ .••• • • .. 0 5 0
S. Brown, jut., Esq., Coventry, ........ 0 5 0
0 5 0
Mrs. Williams......
In Half-crowns and Shillings
--

0 10 0

£203 11 6
Future subscriptions will be announcei in The Times and ether
papers. Every subscriber's name will appear in Eliza Cook's Jour-
nal

JOIIN WATKINS, Hon. See,

THE INDISPUTABLE LIFE POLICY
COMPANY,
No. 72, Lombard-street, and 24, Connaught-terrace.

TRUSTEES.
Richard Spooner, Esq., M.P. I Richard Mating, Esq., Q.C., M.P.
J. Campbell Renton, Esq., M.P. I James Fuller Maddox, Esq.
William Wilberforce, Esq.
The POLICIES are INDISPUTABLE, in terms of the Deed of
Settlement of the Company, duly registered, and are thus rendered
CERTAIN FAMILY PROVISIONS, and NEGOTIABLE DOCU-
MENTS of SECURITY.
This Company has introduced, as snore peculiarly applicable to
the Middle and Industrious Classes, a plan of SELF-PROTECTING
TNNITII A NCE. whereby in one Policy for one rate of Premium are
combined an Insurance of a Sum pa) able caner at death or on
attaining a specified age, and a pension or annuity after that age;
and giving the lull benefit of all Premiums that have been paid,
althou,;h the payments should aALEX. any time ho discontinued.
ROBERTSON, Manager.

SUNDAYS

WEEK DAYS.

130 AT TICKETS.—TweIve Months, bi. Os. ; SIX Months, 3/. Os.;
Three Months, 2i. Os.; to be had of the Collectors on boa! d the
psckots ; or of Mr. Monk, Terrace Pier, Gravesend.
- October 25, 1852.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC

JOURIVALS.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
TIMES.—Mr. Charles Pearson's plan for a Central
City Terminus addresses itself to a problem the very
magnificence of which invites a solution. The ques-
tion is, how to take the dense population of the me-
tropolis, and particularly of the city, to the various
railway termini with comfort and speed, but without
increasing the street traffic to an inconvenient and
dangerous excess. Had the importance of that ques-
tion been duly acknowledged twenty years ago, and
had Parliament or any authoritative body foreseen
and realized the present growth of the metropolis and
the increase of population and trade, undoubtedly Mr.
C. Pearson's labours would long sines! have been ren-
dered unnecessary, and every metrdpolitan railway
would have been allowed, nay, positively required, to
push its feeders at least to the two gieat foci of this
metropolis, the City and Charing-cross. But that
opportunity came, and is gone. The metropolitan
railways are brought to a dead standin the suburbs,
and immense fabrics, covering many 'acres, interpose
a practical, and in some instances a material obstacle,
to the further extension of the lines. The result is,
that the many thousands who spend their days in
London and their nights in the country, not to speak
of mere occasional travellers, have to spend very much
more of their precious time in traversing the streets
to get to their stations than in travelling thence on
the rail to their several homes. Meanwhile, from this
and from other traffic, the great thoroughfares have
become so crowded as to be often impassable, so noisy
that there is no living near them ; and so dirty, that
in spite of street orderlies, and other sanitary militia,
they fill the air with ammoniacal-vac. ror dust. As
Mr. C. Pearson mentions, within .ort-a period as
ten years the number of cabs and of tradesmen's light
carts has doubled, and cheap "busses" now run in all
but continuous streams the whole length of every
diameter that can be drawn through the metropolis.
These vehicles, indeed, now follow one another so
closely on our two principal lines of traffic, that every
body feels how easily the aid of horses might be dis-
pensed with and the vehicles made the links of one
chain moved by machinery—that is, if the process
could be so managed as to allow passengers to be
taken up and put down as freely as they now are.
This species of traffic has come to such a pass since
the general lowering of fares, that the disorder must
ere long work its own remedy in one form or another.
Such are acme of the evils to be met before
they come worse. But they are not the only
inducements to Mr. Pearson's grand scheme. Its
principal claims are of a topographical character. In
the centre of the metropolis, within the limits of the
city, between the two great thoroughfares, near the
Thames and one of its old bridges, there happens to
be a vast opening, at present of a singularly useless
character. Except-, indeed, in the Arctic Circle or
the interior of Atrica, no where is there so much
good space thrown away as in the area called Far-
ringdon-street. 'Northward from this area, along
the valley of the Fleet river, runs a vast clearance,
to be continued, whether for a railway, or not, half
the way up to King's-cross. This is only part of
the topographical case for Mr. Pearson's plan. The
strongest part remains to be told. It lies in the cir-
cumstance that this central desert of London is so
much below the general level as to be the greatest
nuisance of the metropolis. That nuisance can only
be cured by the creation of two levels, for the upper
and lower traffic, the upper traffic chiefly east and
west, the lower north and south. Now, that which
is the only conceivable cure for the natural 'Moon-
ceniences of the site happens to be an indispensable
requisite for Mr. Charles Pearson's plan of a Central
City Terminus, which indeed would be wholly im-
practicable without two distinct level,. When so
many difficulties are to be met, and may be met by
one comprehensive solution, we cannot be surprised
at the absorbing enthusiasm with which so ingenious
and so daring a reformer as Mr. Charles Pearson has
followed out his scheme. Everything seems to be so
pat to the purpose, that like the parts of a Chinese
puzzle, the only thing to be done is to put them 'to-
gether. It seems a mere question of fitting. "What
is one man's bane," says the proverb, "is another
man's weal." It would be the bane of most cities to
have such a place as the Fleet ditch and Holborn-
valley running through it, and intersecting the prin.
cipal thoroughfares. Under the scheme now pro-
posed it becomes the very making of London, by
providing the area find double, levels requisite for a
central railway terminus. But when all these
promising antecedents have been arrayed in
the moat flattering forms, we come to that ri-
gorous teat by which so much ingenuity and
public spirit are nipped in the bud. 'Will the
scheme pay ? Will it pay to create a dotible level
over this vast area; to purchase an immense amount
of space covered with substantial headings in the
heart of the metropolis ; to construct great markets
and warehouses, open to both the upper and lower
levels ; to carry four lines of rails, all underground,
more than a mile from Holborn-valley to King's-
cross, through buildings which, inferior as they are,
would run up to a considerable purchase-money ; to
effect a convenient junction with the Great Northern
Railway ; and, after all, to do this chiefly, if not
solely, for the convenience of that onerailway? There
is the great hitch. The proposed line could be
brought to the King's. cross passenger station with
comparative ease, and by a very direct course. But
to communicate with the London and North-Western
Railway it would be necessary first to take the pas-
sengers to the Camden-town and West India Docks
Junction line, and then delay every train on the
London and North-Western five or ten minutes for
the convenience of out-bound passengers at the
Camden-town station. The up-trains would be liable
to a similar inconvenience. We do not see how this
is to be remedied, and recent occurrence indicates
the danger of increasing the delayp and obstructions
at Camden-town station, which is efridently not large
enough for its legitimate purpose as a goods station.
So much for the London and North-Western. As
to the Great 'Western and all the other railways, the
difficulty of bringing the Central City Terminus to
bear upon them, seems to increase the further we get
round the metropolis. It is evident that severed
miles of additional railway would have to be made
for the purpose, and the experience of the railway
now in operation from Camden-town to the West
India Docks sufficiently proves that, convenient as
these circuitous routes may be to some localities, they
are very tedious affairs for the through passengers.
We believe that a man may walk from Camden-town
to Fenchurch-street in us little time as the railway
will take him, so roundabout is its course, and so
frequent its stoppages. Here is the real difficulty of
Mr. Pearson's plan, and it is confessed in the in-
difference of all the railway companies, except the
Great Northern, which evidently regards his
plan merely as a means of pushing into tkie
city at the cost of the adventurous public.
We should be delighted to see these difficulties got
over, and a friendly reunion of all the railways effected
in the valley of the fleet; but it is a question of
engineering, and, though we seem to see our way
plain cnough bo tb. .....cpuotlon of a city terminus,
according to Mr. Pearson's very pretty and ingenious
mode), we do not see our way so plain to the junction
of the metropolitan lines, excepting only the Great
Northern. We must wait for an explanation on this
critical point before we can bestow on the scheme
that unreserved approbation which it certainly would
I be a pleasure to give to the result of such ingenuity
and pains.
" HERALD.—Her Majesty's Opposition is going
- quietly to—the dogs, wherever those insatiable ani-
mals are to be found. They will have tough work of
•t it, but are hungry; and the sight of the plump
113 Quaker Bright, arm-in-arm with Cobden and Lord
John, lean though they may be, will make the afore-
said dogs lick their lips. Yesterday we called atten-
tion to one or two mournful notes issuing from the
enemy's camp, through the wailing pipe of the Globe
—the air being, "It won't do t ' Let us hear now
the Observer of Sunday last—whilom one of the
loudest in announcing that Ministers would have to
encounter, on the opening of the session, an over-
powering opposition, which would scatter them to the
winds. Hear now
" We, believe we may certainly announce that the com-
mencement of the session will exhibit no regular and
concerted movement on the part of the Opposition.. . .
We believe we are not premature in stating that no im-
mediate steps will be taken by the leaders of the Oppo-
sition to displace the present Ministry—such as it is.. .
Or regular organised, concerted opposition there will be
actually none—at least not on the opening of the ses-
sion."
Thus we see that the Opposition is rapidly melting
away, like a series of dissolving views, before the
warm, but insufferable reality of a powerful Minis-
try. The Liberal prints are driven to all sorts of
shifts to account for a fact which is patent to all the
world besides—namely, that the Ministry stands its
ground and gains ground because of the country's
confidence in their characters, and satisfaction with
what that Ministry has already done. Nowhere
appears a solitary
symptom of real distrust or dissa-
tisfaction ; and as for the Tines, its artillery has
failed to dislodge or even disturb a Ministry
whom it has assailed from day to day, from week to
to week, from month to month, with a fell but fer-
-1 tile pertinacity, that has served only to render its

own sayings absurd, and itself ridiculous. Of all
its outrages upon public feeling
and opinion, none can
compare with the use to which it has turned the death
of the great warrior statesman, lying yet unburied
only in order that his obsequies may be celebrated with
a magnificence becoming his mighty memory. We
doubt whether there was one of its readers that did
not revolt from its audacious and heartless assertion,
or insinuation, that those obsequies had been delayed
in order to extract from it—political capital ! After
a considerable abstinence, the Times of yesterday re-
curs to the pending obsequies for the purpose of re-
presenting the death of the Duke as an instance of
" extraordinary luck 1" to the Ministry ; and pro•
ceeds in a shocking strain of levity and heartlessness
to run a parallel between the entombment of the illus-
trious departed and that of the so-called principle of
Protection ! It suggested to us whether, in such an
article, we could not see the entombment of all that
is dignified and high-toned in British journalism.
Providence has called away the great man whom we
have lost, when it saw fit to do so, and no one can have
deplored more sincerely or more profoundly the loss
of so great a guide than the Noble Earl now at the
head of the Administration, and whose political opi-
nions, in accordance with those of his Grace, have lost
in his death the immense support which they derived
from his presence and sanction. But the Earl and his
Ministry adhere to those principles of sound policy,
wisdom, and moderation, which ever actuated him
who is gone, and, we doubt not, share largely in his
single-minded determination to discharge their duty
and despise calumny, come from what quarter it may.
As British journalists, we protest against so foul a
violation of the sanctity,of the tomb—to cruel and
indecent:o outrage upon the wounded feelings of
the country, tom` isiat -to bb teen in the Times of yes-
terday. Deplorable and desperate indeed must be the
cause which requires thus to be supported.
ADVERTISER.—The little episode between Mr.
Sergeant Shee and Mr. Lucas, at the Copference of
the Friends of Religious Equality, was amusing, if
not remarkably instructive. Mr. Maurice Leyne has
joined in the squabble, and now we have two Irish
Romanists of some note maintaining that religious
persecution neither is, nor ever was, a principle of
their Church, against Mr. Lucas, who defends the
ferocious bigotry of Leopold of Tuscany, on the prin-
ciples of Catholic toleration and religions equality.
If each of the disputants is perfectly sincere, either
the world has been in error for centuries, or two
Irishmen, to whom it gives credit for a liberal educa•
tion, are totally ignorant of a well-known fact. We
have on several occasions taken notice that Roman
Catholic gentlemen are profoundly ignorant of the
history of their own sect, and the doctrines and
maxims of their priests, and in so doing we have, of
course, taken their own assertions as uttered and
intended in good faith. As an instance, we may men-
tion that Mr. O'Gorman Mahon told Mr. Spooner
and the House, that though he bad been brought up
in a Jesuits' college, he had never heard of maxims
and doctrines which were fit only for a priesthood of
Sodom and Gomorrah. We then gave him full credit
for truth in an admission which proved that he heti
not so much as seen the celebrated Provincial Letters
of Pascal ; and that he had never heard that copies of
the Jesuit'
books were publicly burned by the com-
mon hangman at Paris, in 1762, after a formal sen-
tence by Parliament, for containing the same senti-
ments and maxims as those which Mr. Spooner had
just read to the House from the class books in
common use at Maynooth. Though nothing is more
easy than to go into a public library and ascertain
the fact, by consulting the works of the Jesuits them-
selves, here was a Popish legislator proclaiming is
public his total ignorance of matters that are notorious
to the rest of the world. Persons who are in this
wretched and benighted condition, may well be ex-
pected to swallow down all the monstrous absurdi-
ties and impostures, which are so thickly presented
to them by their astute instructors and guides.
Mr. Sergeant Shee affirms, that religious persecu •
tion is not a principle of the Church of Rome, and
Mr. Lucas that it is. There is no middle path
between them : it must be one or the other. If the
learned gentleman were ever at Rome, be may have
observed a long and gloomy building, near the
Pope's palace. It is the material sign of the princi-
ple vindicated by his opponent. It is the Inquisition,
which not long since was formally re-established for
the suppression of heresy, as the religion of the
Gospel, " the pure Gospel," using the words in the
accusation and sentence of the Medial, is stigmatized
by an authority, which has dared to oall the Gospel of
Christ, " a Gospel of Man, and a Gospel of the
Devil." We presume that Mr. Sergeant Shee will
not venture to deny the universal practice of his
Church, in regard to all other religions, where she has
had the power to slay with the sword, the axe, the
gibbet, the rack, and the blazing pile, and that the
question is whether the Church has always acted thus
in direct opposition to her ancient principle of tolera-
tion and religious equality. It is not improbable that
the stale artifice of mental reservation has been
brought into play in this case, and that there is some
paltry quibbling with words. The thing, however—
that is, the principle of persecution—still remains,
and we find it difficult to believe, that this gentleman
is really ignorant that it forms a part of the canon
law, which every priest by the eleventh article of the
creed of Pius IV. is sworn to "receive, and profess
all other things defined by the sacred canons?' Popes
and doctors have not been quite so mealy-mouthed
its
these " Friends of Religious Equality." 'W e read
thus in the bull of Gregory VII., " We absolve all
subjects from their oaths of fealty which they have
sworn to princes excommunicate ;' in that of Gregory
IX., " We excommunicate all heretical princes, and
absolve their subjects from their oaths and duties of
allegiance ;" and that of Pius V., entitled " The
Damnation and Excommunication of Elizabeth, of
England, and her adherents, with an addition of
lother punishments," we read a passage, which must
be given entire :
"S. 4. And, moreover, we declare her to be deprived
of her pretended title to the kingdom aforesaid, and of
all dominion, dignity, and privilege whatsoever.
" S. 5. And also the nobility, subjects, and people of
the said kingdom, and all others, who have in any sort
sworn unto her, to bo for ever absolved from any such
oath, and all manner of daty, of dominion, allegiance,
and obeditnce ; as we also do, by authority of these pre-
sents, absolve them, and do deprive the same Elizabeth
of her pretended title to the kingdom, and all other
things aforesaid. And we do command and interdict all
and every of the noblemen, subjects, and people, and
others aforesaid, that they presume not to obey her moni-
ions, mandates, and laws. And those who do the con-
rary, we do innodate with the like sentence of ana-
hems."

This malevolent bigot had no doubt about the prin
ciple ; neither had the author of the Papal decree,
" Heretics may be lawfully spoiled of their goods,
though it had better be done by authority." " Heretics
may not be termed either children or kindred, but.
according to the old law, 'thy hand shall be upon
them to spill their blood." Liguori was canonizd
in 1839, and Cardinal Wiseman has strongly com-
mended his works. He had as little doubt of the
principle as the Popes. He writes of heretics thus :
" If the acolved oonf,iss his crime, the genteuce is to
be given ; if not, he is to be led to conviction, or the
torture, because torture is a help to proof, when argu-
ments and signs are very efficacious, and thus a full
proof may be elicited." He also writes—" Heresy
is so noxious a pest, that it may require a severe
remedy." We presume that Pius V., when he insti-
gated the Bartholomew massacre, was not acting in
opposition to the principle of his Church ; and that
Pius IX., who recently denounced Professor Nuytz,
of Turin, for denying that the Church has power to
coerce heretics, was persuaded that this principle
exists. Besides, what is the foundation of his con-
cordat with Spain, that no religion but the Popish
is to be tolerated there ? or the meaning of the oath
of Popish bishops—" All heretics, schismatics, and
rebels against our said Lord and his successors, I will
persecute and oppose to the utmost of my power ?"
Mr. Maurice Leyne staunchly contends against the
existence of the principle of persecuti▪
on, which is
honestly admitted by the beads of his Church. "As
a Catholic and Irishman," he wri▪ tes to Mr.
Shee, " I was delighted at your bold and
vehement denunciation of the barbarous tyranny of
the Duke of Tuscany." Again h e says, "It is
indeed an odious and impious doctrine that men are
to be imprisoned for religious offences, and chastised
for maintaining any form o f doctrine, or for reading
any work bearing on religious questions." The canon
laws, Papal bulls and decrees, and Popish doctors say
quite the contrary; but English Protestants are never
again to pay the least attention to Popish protesta-
tions. lie continues thus But the notion that it
is a crime for aman to read the Word of God in his
private house, is a theory so false, foul, and unholy,
that one can only wonder how it could gain support-
ers among the followers of a religion which has for
three centuries battled against persecution and pro-
scription." If he will turn to the encyclical letters of
Gregory XVI., Leo XII., and Pius VII., he will
find the very reverse so strongly insisted upon, that
others can only wonder that even an Irish Papist can
have the assurance to write so much at variance withthe fact. They have battled for three centuries
against persecution. Be it so.ln those centuries occurred,T
the massacre of the Protestants by More and 0 4 eale,
end also the other massacre of Protestants at Drogheda.
The following is a burst of Irish indignation. In re-

ference to Mr. Lucas's hos est claim to the principle
of persecution as a Romish dogma, Mr. Leyne says—
" I know not whether this teaching be heresy, but it
is a startling and monster dogma, and one which
would justify an extended application of the bloody
propagandism of Mehemet or of Cromwell! " This
is another instance of the gross ignorance of Roman
Catholics respecting well known things. Cromwell
never was a propagandist. After the horrible butch-
ery of many thousands of Protestants, he was sent
into Ireland both to punish the murderers and to pro-
tect such as had escaped from their fury. " A horri-
ble iplot," says Mr. Daniel Wilson, his biographer,
" had been organized for blotting out the very name
of Protestantism, and erasing every trace of English
rule or occupation in Ireland." Cromwell made
short work of the "Levellers," as those friends of re-
ligious equality called themselves, for in two months
after the massacre at Drogheda he was engaged in
the war with the Scotch. Yet, so little do the Irish
know of history, that they fancy that this great
warrior and statesman had time or care to trouble
himself with converting their countrymen in any
shape, or by any means whatever. He was sent to
punish Popish murderers and protect the Protestants,
and he did both so rapidly and effectually, that ever
since his name has been a bugbear; and yet a man is
found in the 19th century gravely writing of a soldier-
statesman that he was a " bloody Propagandist."
CHRONICLE.—AIthough the summer has passed
away without any new attempt having been made on
Cuba by the adventurous citizens of the United States,
it is certain that American ambition has not aban-
doned the hope of annexing the " Queen of the
Antilles." The failure of the expeditions of last year
seems only to have rendered the annexationists more
cautious in their proeeedings.— Timeadasstleaseadenaaa.
were, it is true, discountenanced by the Federal Go-
vernment, and the feeble Executive at Washington
did what it could to frustrate them ; but the instinct
of aggression is not so easily repressed. The reckless
adventurers who infest the great cities of the Union,
far from being warned by the fate of their unfortunate
comrades, appear to be only waiting for an opportu-
nity of renewing the invasion with a better prospect
of success. The design is openly avowed, and it is
not condemned by public opinion. The truth is,
a great portion of the American people, intoxicated
with prosperity, and lending a greedy ear to the flat-
tery of demagogues, firmly believe that the empire of
the New World belongs to them ; and they accord-
ingly look with indulgent complacency upon the
efforts of their advanced guard of irregulars. Such
a state of feeling gives great latitude to the energy of
those who are willing to take the initiative, and to
encounter the risks of an annexation campaign.
American opinion does not scan very critically in-
fr actions of international right, and is fully prepared to
adopt the advantageous results which may be obtained
by the marauding citizens of the Union. This process
has already been twice gone through, at the ex-
pense of a feeble and almost unresisting power. The
annexation of Texas and the conquest of California
originated in the aggression of private adventurers
upon the rights of Mexico. Their success was ap-
plauded by their country men, and the Executive of
the United States was at length compelled to support
a movement so creditable to the enlightened patrio-
tism of its authors. After such a precedent, it is not
surprising that the invaders of Cubs persist in their
euterprize, confidently believing that a fortunate
conjuncture may at any time force their Government
to recognize and to second their designs. The ex-
peditions which last year left the ports of the United
States to assail the territories of a friendly Power
failed at every point. As they were not of sufficient
force to meet the Spanish troops in the field, whilst
the Creole population refused to rise in their favour,
the affair was speedily finished ; and the discomfiture
of the Filibusters damped, for a time, the enthusiasm
of those who had projected and prepared the invasion.
So complete and hopeless a failure was of course
regarded, in official quarters, in its true light of a
piratical incursion, and the Federal Government did
not venture to countenance an outrage far which no
excuse could be offered. Nevertheless, despite all its
fatal consequences, the adventure was not generally
reprobated, as it ought to have been, by American
opinion. The associations by which it was organized
still survive, and they include a large number of per-
sons, who are said to have considerable funds at their
command. Their hopes have been revived by recent
events in Cubs, and although their future movements
will probably be less precipitate than these of last
year, it is certain that they are prepared to take
advantage of any opportunity which may arise
from the dissensions between the Spanish Go-
vernment and its colonial subjects. The dis-
affected Creoles receive assistance and encourage-
ment from the United States ; their journals are
printed in America, and are introduced by American
agents; and supplies of arms and ammunition have
been furnished from the same quarter. In fact, Spain
has to deal not only with its own discontented sub-
jects, but also with the American sympathizers, who
are most active in their hostility, and who, whenever
they are threatened, appeal to their countrymen for
" moral support," and to the Federal Government for
protection. Under such circumstances, we can
scarcely blame the Spanish authorities, at a moment
when they are menaced with an insurrection in Cuba,
for taking any precautions which may appear neces-
sary to repress foreign interference in the affairs of
the island. It may or may not be true that unneces-
sary and injudicious rigour has been used in prevent-
ing the landing of American citizens at the Havana
yet, all things considered, we cannot condemn the
Spanish Government for exercising a right which it
undoubtedly possesses, nor can we subscribe to the
resolutions passed at "indignation meetings" at New
Orleans and elsewhere. The President, however,
seems to have been so far influenced by what has
occurred as to have dispatched a man-of-war to the
Havana, to protect the American flag. We shall be
glad if it turns out that this step has been taken with
the view of controlling American citizens, rather than
of coercing or intimidating the Spanish authorities ;
but it is clear that every means will he employed by
the anti-Cuban party to implicate their Government in
the matter, and to persuade the Americans that their
flag has been insulted by the officers of a European
Power. It is very far from our intention to impeach the
good faith of the Executive at Washington in these
transactions. On the contrary, we are disposed to
believe that Mr. Fillmore has done all that lay in his
power to prevent the designs of the Filibusters from
being carried into execution. Bat, as has been seen
on former occasions, the moderation of the President
is of little avail to restrain the aggressive propensities
of American citizens, or to keep within bounds the
national instinct of acquisitiveness. The exaggerated
licence of individual action which exists in the United
States, owing to the enormous field open to the rest-
less portion of their population, has produced a habit
of lawlessness, which is, to say the least, extremely
dangerous to those countries which enjoy the doubtful
a en-
dvantagethe oiepteurbriiitoo.riallocothnetigouasietybteoforeus, free
is a
constant and a scarcely concealed conspiracy against
thaenred
Spain, for which not a shadow of provocation has
been given. The " Order of the Lone Star"—as the
association of freebooters is romantically designated—
carries on its operations in a time of profound peace;
and when the Spanish Government, naturally alarmed
at demonstrations so unmistakeably hostile, institutes
precautions against their authors and abettors, at-
tempts are made to raise a cry that injuries have been
done to Americans which must be avenged by arms.
It is simply the fable of the wolf and the lamb over again.
Yet this flagrant wrong is sanctioned by the public sen-
timent of the Union, and the pious moralists of Boston
and Philadelphia enter no protest against it. The
truth is, the American people are too apt to view
these things with reference to their own political ad-
vantage, rather than to the strict rules of morality.
They know that the Cuban Creoles are an effete race, d
and they believe that Spain has not strength to !
fend her colony. They also perceive that the a
acqu-
i-
sition of the island would bring with it the or]
oliti-
of the Gulf of Mexico; and whilst Sontrer
rpowing
cians look to annexation to compensate t
all the adventu-
between the Free and Slave States,et for the plunder,
rous spirits of the Union are
oecag
8"-",,fal war. The pro-
preponderance of the North, and to restore thegbalance
excitement, and glory of a successful
much for American
spect of such advantages i
moral and enlightened
under other circumstances, so
There is no reason
would have been aided.
a people
virtue, and overpowers the better influences by which,
have any wawa.
anti n the emancipatio f
political itchael ea
they are anxious to
to suppose that thethv authorswth oo fccree thero
tl
aepisrneolsfye
Cuba,ne ta
nnn movementoot
rabert
haret.
y
in which the Orderompsroelyflflo
reflect
egt
thr the
nn Lonet
ah ecStaro n
daerstpiciusielsal'arnlyd.zeailtoiussnoenithbeerhaalpf
gwahrecredthaseyp
population of the.
be found. The
a speculation,
issAwwe
hhqme
iiancce
cm: ea,e
at
y—awpnoehytrciiipi acrulhaertympwh,
noaonloyueot
tfdaueufflx(ril affair
uwroNsvueifetsrl
tlocosratiabn
be
profitable, but for
social propagandism
viola-
tion of law and right, and on the just cause of offence
which would be given to European Po wers by the
unprovoked invasion of Cuba. No State, in modern
at ibmo ev se,
thbaes
leavwe robf e enna
ti pe on ws e
withrful
the boasted strength of Popubliceia
fall in carrying out a impunity
nugsnht
iitt
yut
Is
nes
dt
wi
even
vsuee
ndf
policy of systematic violence