The Sun.
London, England, 1864-04-21 00:00:00

SPIRIT OP THE PUBLIC JOURNALS,

Naval and Military Intelligence.

.-d-

THE NAVY.

MALTA, April IG.—There is little to notice in the way of
the movements of her Majesty's ships during the past week.
No arrivals have taken place from Corfu since that of the Ma-
gicienne, 16, Capt. W, Armytage, on the Bth, with a powder
brig in tow, The Magicienne is now refitting and making
good the damage caused to her by the tender Growler
running into her while at Corfu during a gale of wind.
The only departure is that of the Surprise, 4, Commander
W. 11. Whyte, for the Piraaus, on the 9th inst. Telegraphic
intelligence has been received from Corfu to the 14th
inst., at which date her Majesty's ship Orlando, 46,
Capt. G. Randolph, was still there. The Fox, 2, screw
storeship, Staff Commander T. C. Pullen, was collecting
stores in the lonian Islands for England. The Dromedary,
2, iron screw troopship, Master Commander A. Brown,was
to leave Corfu to-day (16th inst.) with stores for Malta and
England. The Trident, 3, Commander C. J. Balfour, was
at nitres on the 30th March; and the Cossack, 20, Capt.
W. R. Rolland, is still on the lonian station. The Fox-
hound, 4, Commander W. H, Anderson, is daily expected
at Malta from Corfu and Benghazi. The Caradoc, 2, paddle
wheel despatch vessel, Lieut.-Commander E. Wilkinson
(now in port), is under orders to leave shortly with the
Bishop of Gibraltar, Dr. Trower, for Messina, the Piraeus,
and Smyrna, at which last mentioned place his lordship in-
tends holding a confirmation, after which she will resume
her station at Constantinople, in attendance on her Majesty's
ambassador, Sir Henry Bulwer. No changes have occurred
in the distribution of the other ships of the Mediterranean
fleet. The Revenge, 73 (bearing the flag of Rear Admiral
H. R. Yelverton, C. 8.), Capt. the Hon. F. A. Foley ; the
Gibraltar, 81, Capt. J. C. Prevost; the Resistance, iron-
clad, 16, Capt. W. C. Chamberlain, and the Wanderer, 4,
Commander M. C. Seymour, are at the Piraeus. The Re-
sistance has been ordered to Malta, and was to call at Corfu
on her way. The Weser 6, Commander A. H. J. Johnstone,
and the Cockatrice, 2, Lieut. Commander R. M. Gillson,
are still on the Danube station. The Phcobe, 35, Capt. T.
D. A. Fortescue, and the Chanticleer, 17, Commander J. E.
F. Risk, were at Iskanderoum, on the coast of Syria, on
the 28th March. The Meeanee, 60, and the Liffey, 35,
Capt. George Parker, are refitting in Malta harbour. There
are also here ready for sea the Marlborough, 121 (bearing
the flag of Vice Admiral R. Smart, K.H.), Capt. C. Fel-
lowes ; the Royal Oak, ironclad, 35, Capt. F. A. Camp-
bell ; the Pelican, 17, Commander H. W. Comber ; the
Icarus, 11, Acting-Commander Boger; and the Psyche.
2, paddlewheel despatch vesssel, Lieut.-Commander R.
Sterne, an Austrian ironclad, screw-frigate, the Don Juan,
of Austria, 31 guns, and 630 horse power, commanded by
Capt. Pokorny, arrived hero on the 11th inst., accompanied
by a screw corvette of 22 guns, the Frederic, Capt. Well).
plinger, from Pole and Lissa. After replenishing fuel, pro-
visions, and water they both sailed for the westward on the
13th inst., it is understood, to join Admiral Wllerstorff's
squadron in the Tagus, and probably thence to proceed
northwards. The ironclad is sharp at bow and stern, and
is armed with a projecting stem, to be used as a battering-
ram when necessary. She carries her guns only four feet
above the water-line, and naval men consider her very in-
ferior to any of the ironclads constructed for the British
navy. Accounts from Gibraltar to the Bth inst. say that
her Majesty's screw corvette Racoon was to leave that place
on the 2d of May for Marseilles to embark Prince Alfred,
and then to proceed on a cruise to the coast of Italy and the
Black Sea. Her Majesty's iron screw troopship Tamar, 2,
Capt. F. H. Stirling, was daily expected there on her way
to Corfu, to embark troops, but nobody seemed to know
what had become of her. She had been due for a fortnight
from the coast of Africa. The Italian ironclad ship Re
Galantuomo, which was supposed at one time to have foun-
dered with all on board, left Gibraltar on the 28th ult. for
Naples.
By direction of the Lords of the Admiralty a report has
been made by the dockyard officials of the condition of the
Dragon, Hermes, Renard, and Alacrity steamers, attached
to the third division of the Chatham Steam Reserve, which
it is proposed shall be broken up, owing to their unfitness for
further service. The Dragon and the Hermes are both
paddlewheel steamers and pierced for six guns each, the
Dragon being of 1,270 tons and 560 horse power. The
Hermes is of 830 tons, and is fitted with engines of 220
horse power. The Alacrity and the Renard are both screw
gunvessels mounting four guns, and of 200 horse power
each.

The following appointments and promotions have been
made at the Admiralty ;—Francis AV, 0. Grant, midship-
man, to the Aurora—Herbert Woolley, in the Alert, Thos.
W. Traill, in the Jackal, and Robert Brown, in the Hector,
promoted to be chief engineers—Edward T. Read, engineer,
to the Jackal—Philip Gouchy, engineer, to the Hector—
Richard E, Denison, engineer, to the Gladiator—William
Roberts, engineer, to the Indus—John A. Kitt, assist.
engineer, to the Gladiator—John Runnel], assist. engineer,
to the Indus—James Oldfield, engineer, to the Indus—
D. A, Campbell, John Leicester, George Metcalf, and Geo.
R. Bissakor, first class assist. engineers, to the Marlborough,
for disposal—Christepher Lund, first class assist. engineer,
to the Pembroke—Robert Dixon, first class assist. engineer,
to the Blenheim—Edward L. Carte, Edward J. Whatmore,
Robert W. Allison, Henry G. Haywood, and George Pur-
kis, second class assist. engineers, to the Marlborough, for
disposal—Thomas Wihnott, second class assist. engineer,
to the Pembroke—James Stocks, second class assist, engi-
neer, to the Blenheim—Bryant G. Little, acting second
class assist, engineer, to the Majestic, for the tenders—John
T. Maggs, acting second class assist. engineer, to the
Marlborough, for disposal— George J. H. Hogg and Wal-
ter S. Chambre, master's assistants, to the Victory, as
supernumeraries—and Francis J. Palmer, master's assistant,
to the Prince Consort,

Lord Colville has been appointed Honorary Lieutenant
in the Royal Naval Reserve.

THE ARMY.

The Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief will hold a
levee at I o'clock to-morrow.
The following General Regimental Order has been
issued :

" Horso Guards, S.W., April 11.
" In announcing to the corps the lamented death of Col.
Charles Bingham, Deputy-Adjt.-Gen., Royal Artillery,
the Field .Marshal Commanding-in-Chief considers it due
to the memory of an officer who so ably, uprightly, and zeal-
ously fulfilled the duties of a position of special trust and
responsibility, to record the sense his Royal Highness en-
tertains of the important and valuable services rendered
by Colonel Bingham to that position. This can be but
imperfectly conveyed in the limits of a general order, and
those to whom Col, Bingham was known will understand
how inadequate also must be the expression of his Royal
Highness's regret at the loss of an'• officer of suala tried
ability, kindly disposition, and sterling worth of character,
and for whom the Field Marshal Commanding-in• Chief, in
common with the entire corps, entertained the greatest re.
spect and esteem.

"By command of Field Marshal his Royal Highness the
Duke of Cambridge, K,G., Colonel of the Royal Artillery.
"L. GARDINER, Assist. -Adj t.- Gen."
A circular, signed by General H. D. Ross and dated
Horse Guards, April 1864, states that,—
" The desire of paying a tribute of respect to the late
Col. Charles Bingham, Deputy-Adjutant-General, Royal
Artillery, having been generally expressed, a committee
composed of the following officers has been formed, and©r
the special sanction of his Royal Highness the Colonel of
the regiment, in order to afford to their brother officers an
opportunity of giving united effect to what is believed to be
the spontaneous wish of the corps :—President, General Sir
Hew D. Ross, G.C.B. Members—Major•General Sir R.
J. Dacres, K.C.8., Major-General J. Bloomfield, Colonel
G. Gambier, C. 8., Colonel H. L. Gardiner. Captain
Forbes, secretary.

" The committee, having met on the 11th of April, 1864,
resolved to submit for the consideration of their brother
officers that the high opinion of Colonel Bingham expressed
by the Field Marshal Commanding-in-Chief, iu the General
Regimental Order of this date, should be responded to by
the regiment.

"To the superior abilities and untiring diligence ad-
verted to in that order Colonel Bingham united a kindness
of heart and integrity of character, also recognised by his
Royal Highness, that gained him the constant goodwill of
his brother officers, and in putting forward a proposal for a
regimental memorial the committee believe that they are
but meeting the desire of each individual officer to pay a
suitable mark of personal respect to late Deputy-Adjutant-
General of the corps.

" Leaving for future consideration the mode in which
this feeling shall find expression, the committee propose to
invite commanding-officers to take such measures as they
may think best for collecting subscriptions, not exceeding
one day's pay, from each officer to apply to such memorial,
or in such a manner as the committee, with his Royal
Highnese's sanction, shall hereafter determine to be most
consonant with the wishes of Colonel Bingham's family
and friends, and with the universal esteem entertained for
him by the corps.
"An account will be opened with Messrs. Cox and Co.,
who will receive any additional subscriptions beyond the
day's pay that officers may wish to contribute."
The hired transport Velocipade, 83 days out, has arrived
at Woolwich, with time-expited men and their families,
from the Falkland Islands. There were two deaths, namely,
one woman and one child, and two births on board during
the voyage home. The men have been relieved by a de-
tachment of the Woolwich division of the Royal Marine
Light Infantry.

Persons in debt may obtain instant protection against
imprisonment or seizure of their goods, and an entire release
from all debts and liabilities without publicity, by application
to Messrs. Marshall, solicitors of the Court of Bankruptcy,
Charges under £5 payable by easy instalments. Offices—
(established 1830),12, Hatton-garden. City branch-6. Moor-
gate-street, Bank.—AnvT.

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TIMES.—We have been in the habit of comment-
ing with freedom, but we trust not with licence, on
the policy pursued by the Government of our great
ally, the Emperor of the French. We have con-
stantly expressed our regret when we have seen him
forego the greatest and most glorious opportunity.
As having no wish whatever for any dynastic change
we lamented to see the elements of permanent and
solid popularity squandered for the sake of momen-
tary glitter and renown, and the resources of a great
country employed to add to a military glory of
which she has already sufficient, instead of being
employed in developing the industry and accumu-
lating the wealth which her climate, her geographi-
cal position, her soil, and the intelligence of her
people all combine to furnish. We have charac-
terised the policy of the Emperor as rather contra-
dictory than ambiguous, now apparently devoted
to the prosecution of war, and again entirely ab-
sorbed by the occupations of peace. Considering the
vast influence which France exerts over the desti-
nies of the world, we watch this perpetually recur-
ring conflict with the keenest interest, according as
the good or the evil (principle gains the mastery.
To-day we have to notice what we must accept as evi-
dence of a solid victory for the cause of peace. The
event is in itself remarkable enough. On the 6th of
Prairie!, in the seventh year of the French Republic
—that is, on May 25, 1799—the Directory imposed
a surcharge, or additional tax, on every mortgage
registration stamp of the tenth part of a franc. This
impost, yielding about 26,000,000 francs, or a little
more than a million sterling, was imposed for a sin-
gle year ; but, alas ! how short-lived is man, and
what tremendous vitality, denied to frames of flesh
and blood, is inherent in the very nature of a tax !
The East has seen kingdoms and monarchies suc-
ceed each other without working any considerable
change in the position of the ryot or the zemindar,
and Greece, after her successful revolution, still
groans under that most intolerable of all iniquities,
the Turkish Land Tax. Even so it proved with
this innocent deoime. Brought into existence only
for a year, it has outlived the Consulate, sur-
vived the Empire, witnessed the brief glories of the
first Restoration, the terrible drama of the Hundred
Days, the reigns of the brothers of Louis XVI., the
Republican Monarchy of the House of Orleans, the
Republic itself, and the restoration of the Empire.
Yet even this most vivacious tax, which seemed des-
tined to endure through every vicissitude of war,
peace, and revolution, has fallen at last, at the
mature age of sixty-five years, under the happy in-
fluence of the present Emperor. We do not feel
that we know enough of the real state of the revenue
of France to offer any very highflown congratula-
tion on the present event. The taking off a tax is
by no means necessarily equivalent to a correspond-
ing reduction of charge, and it may possibly be that
the sum thus apparently remitted to the taxpayer
is destined to appear again in a less intelligible
form. The reduction, however, is said to be occa-
sioned by a generous emulation existing between
the Emperor of the French and our own Chancellor
of the Exchequer. The spectacle that England has
lately afforded of a great nation which, having re-
duced its tariff to the utmost simplicity, is applying
the resources economised in time of peace towards
paying off the burdens incurred in time of war, has,
we are told, excited the emulation of the French
Government, and prompted them to this salutary
change. No one can doubt that the repeal of so
burdensome a tax must be highly beneficial to
French industry. At any rate, the money is better
employed than in the expensive folly of warlike
armaments or remote expeditions. The money
returns to the community to increase its resources,
instead of being dissipated in pandering to its vanity
or its ambition. It is a good beginning, and it
only rests with the Government of France to erect
a glorious superstructure on the foundation so
happily laid. The money that is retrenched from
military and naval armaments, although its destina-
tion is obscure, is the truest life of commerce and the
strongest nerve of industry. Such remissions enable
a nation to bear fresh burdens until taxes which are
the terror and dread of one generation are scarcely
felt at all by its successor. Let France calmly con-
sider what she has gained by her lavish expendie
ture: of blood and treasure during the sixty-five
years over which this tax has been levied. France
has carried her victorious standards to nearly every
capital in Europa ; she has given by far the most
splendid examples of enterprise and endurance that
modern history affords; she has fought the greatest
battles, gained the most glorious victories, con-
ducted the grandest sieges, and performed the
longest marches which history records. She has
impoverished and reduced to the lowest state of
misery every country in turn on which devolved
the grievous burden of feeding her victorious bat-
talions. History has no parallel to the miseries she
has suffered and inflicted, epic has nothing grander
than her exploits, tragedy nothing sadder than her
reverses. We have endeavoured to describe the
sacrifices she has made—unrivalled, unequalled, un-
approached in the annals of the world. What has
resulted from them? What has France to show as
the product of all her victories and all her glories ?
At first she fought for opinion, and fought so long
that she herself became the victim to the very des-
potism which she designed to extirpate. Then she
fought for Empire, and with so much success that
she taught the vanquished nations her own arts of
conquest, and brought them back upon her in an
irresistible flood which carried all before it. With
commerce ruined, with crippled manufactures, with
the manhood of a whole generation offered up to the
Moloch of aggressive war, she found herself after
20 years restricted within the same narrow limits as
those from which she went forth to conquer and to
stay. Since then, merely to keep up the military
spirit of her population, she has buried in the sands
of Algeria hundreds of thousands of men whose
arms might have cleared her forests, drained her
marshes, and embanked her rivers, but whose bones
are bleaching in the inhospitable deserts which it
was her glorious folly to conquer and to annex.
Is it not enough ? Is it not time that a nation
so richly endowed with all the qualities and talents
which decorate and adorn civil life should rest from
these vain and exhausting labours, and exchange
the pursuit of ambition for the search after happi-
ness ? To France alone of all nations of the earth
this choice is absolutely free and unconstrained.
England must watch the proceedings of other na-
tions, and endeavour to keep her fleet on a scale
which may be sufficient to counteract the force of
their com'oined navies. Every other country must
proportion its force to the military power of France.
France alone is mistress of her own armaments.
She can reduce them without fear of invasion or in-
sult ; she cannot increase them without disturbing
the equilibrium of the whole world. We trust that
the taste for reduction in taxation will increase
among our neighbours. Among U 3 it has grown
upon what it feeds on, and becomes the surest gua-
rantee of peace. When France has acquired the
same tastes the world may sleep at es se, for the
greatest of its dangers have passed away.
POST.—As we have already stated, Garibaldi in
all probability, though the final decision is not yet
taken, leaves London to- morrow, and England early
in the ensuing week. He returns to Caprera in the
Duke of Sutherland's yacht, and the noble duke will
accompany his distinguished guest. The letters we
published yesterday have sufficiently and satisfac-
torily accounted for the interruption of arrange-
ments in which the country at large was interested;
and the statements made in both Houses of Parlia-
ment, by Lord Palmerston and by Lord Clarendon,
have entirely dissipated the wholly unfounded and
manifestly absurd rumours which attributed the
unexpected determination of the General's visit to
foreign interference, The plain and simple truth is
that Garibaldi has done what we most of us have,
at some period of our lives, been compelled, however
reluctantly, to do. He has yielded to the advice of
his eminent medical adviser; but it is due to Mr.
Fergusson to say that, though he has only acted as
we hope every surgeon in a like case would have
acted, the firmness and professional decision he has
displayed redound very much to his honour. It
would have been a cause of deep grief to the friends
and admirers of Garibaldi, not only here but
throughout the world, if his health, regard for
which was understood to be the main object of the
visit he has paid us, had suffered from the continued
excitement a prolonged tour iu the provinces would
have committed him to. The General himself, as
we can readily understand, was most desirous to
gratify the English people, and to acknowledge in
person their spontaneous and hearty welcome. But
he has wisely allowed his best friends to think for
and in their care for a life that is the precious pos-
session of the country he delivered, those friends
have courageously witnessed to the strength and
sincerity of that. friendship. It was suggested that,
after an interval of repose, the General might pro-
ceed to a few of the principal towns from which he
had accepted invitations; but the selection would
have been attended with considerable difficulty ;
and there can be no doubt that, on the whole, it
was most expedient to make the mutual sacrifice
complete. The reception that awaited Garibaldi in
the country was one which he would have been
delighted to receive, and which the people of Eng-
land ware, as their disappointment abundantly
testifies, exceedingly eager to offer to him. Still,
in the midst of universal regret, it will, we believe,
be confessed that the pleasure which embraced et
risk it was painful to contemplate would have been
too dearly purchased, With reference 'to the little
ebullition of factious malevolelace and narrow-minded
suspicion which for i3Ome hours excited the astonish-
ment and indignation of this metropolis, much as
Engltsnmen must deplore the absence of self-respect
it evidenced, and offensive as it was to make the
name of our honoured guest the pretext for political

vituperation, the incident has brought out one fact,
at least, which might otherwise have escaped pub-
licity. We know now, almost directly from his own
lips, that the Emperor of the French has seen this i
great demOnstration as we ourselves have seen t.
He thinks our reception of Garibaldi has done us
honour as a nation, and he admires the feelings it has
expressed. No one who at all accurately aPrea'
ciated the Emperor's character could have doubled
that these were the sentiments he entertained, 141
we are nevertheless glad to have them authen-
ticated in his own words. There can be 'l°
personal estrangement between great men, and
the English people would have sunk considerably
in the esteem of Napoleon if they had not dene
homage to Garibaldi. So far, therefore, goo.;
has come out of the evil that was intended; and,
for the rest, although Mazzlni's name has, contrary
to the advice of the Turin journal which is supposed
to represect the opinions of the Party of Action,
been irrelevantly interpolated in a welcome goon
expressly to Garibaldi, we rejoice to know that the
great body of the Italian residents in this country
have readily obeyed the injunctions their illustrious
chief caused to be conveyed to them before he landed.
They have well comprehended their obligations both
to Garibaldi and to England, and we owe them our
thanks for contributing, by the attitude they toox
up, to the freedom ar d cordiality of our hospitality.
We have done what we could, in our own wan t°
make Garibaldi feel at home with us ; and now
that our guest is on the eve of departure, we are'
also in our own way, taking thought for him In
matter which he appears not to have himself con-
sidered. Garibaldi is a poor man ; and though. hit;
poverty is honourable to him we must be perinittea
to think that one who has devoted his life to a holi
cause deserves, at least, to be placed out of the reach,
of all pecuniary anxieties. That is how we look. 0:
such a case in this country. Therefore, havinP
resolved to present to the General some tes‘l"
menial of our respect and admiration, it has been,
as we think, well determined to make it h
substantial end abiding memorial of the slh1"
pathy of the English people. The meet"
at Stafford House has laid the foundation of a sub"
scription which will, we cannot doubt, be raised to
a sum England need not be ashamed to offer as sn
expression of her sense of the services of Genera
Garibaldi has rendered not to Italy alone, but t 0
every nation that breathes the air of freedout.
There has been no segregation of classes or parties
in the reception and entertainment cf the Italian
patriot ; and the same rule will, we trust, be
observed in what is the sequel and the seal 0f
our hospitality. The half-million of people Wu°
greeted Garibaldi as hen he entered London was"
admit that the Duke of Sutherland has nobly re-
presented their welcome; and as he, too, has
initiated this subscription, they will understauu,
that it is open to all who honour a disinterested
soldier and a good man. The object approves
itself. Unhappily we cannot entertain the hope
that Garibaldi's visit to this country has tended
to re-establish his health. It seems, indeed, to
have been forgotten that he was an invalid, ea,,
he has suffered more, we fear, than he will admit
from the exertion that has been imposed uPOu
him. But though the General returns to Cap
without having attained the chief end of his cis,'",ti
he will not, we venture to believe, regret that ne
undertook the voyage, which has made him better
acquainted with a people who fervently desire
that his life and strength may be preserved far
the service of the country he raised from the
depths of oppression to the independent and PO•
miring position it now occupies.