The Sun.
London, England, 1852-12-10 00:00:00

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LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 10, 1852.

LORD JOHN RUSSELL IN LEEDS.

LAURENT'S GRAND CASINO.
ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street,
St. James's,
Lessee, Charles Emile Laurent, Onslow House. Brompton-road,
Licensed pursuant to Act of Parliament, of 25th George 11.
Open every evening with Laurent's Celebrated Band. Principal
'orntn,-.1-riston, M. lioulcour.
•
Admission—ONE SHILLING.
Doors open at Half-past Eight o'clock. Dancing to commence at
N re. and terminate at Galt-past Eleven precisely.

The annual soirée of the Leeds Mechanics' Institution
and Literary Society was held on Wednesday evening
last, when Lord John Russell, who was in the chair,
spoke as follows : " Ladies and gentlemen, your ex-
cellent president having conveyed to me a wish that I
should preside at this meeting of the Leeds Mechanics'
Institute, I had great pleasure in complying with his
request ; for since the first institution of Mechanics' In-
stitutes, I have had the greatest satisfaction in seeing
how much they have contributed to the instruction of
those who belong to them, and to the general knowledge
and the general welfare of the country. I had the plea-
sure of assisting Dr. Birkbecli in the beginning of these
institutions. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) I wish now, as
far as I am able, to address you upon some points of
general concern, My ignorance of the particulars
and details relating to this institute, would make
it an impertinence on my part, if I were to
attempt to go into those details to which your
president has referred. I am glad to see, by the last
report of the institute, that the various objects to
which it is intended to minister—the schools, the classes,
the instruction of various kinds, and the library—have
been all well supported, and that there are no less than
2,000 members belonging to this institute. It occurs to
me, however, that if I could address anything to you
worthy of observation, it would be rather upon the gene-
ral state of knowledge at this time, and the prospect of '
what is before us, than upon any particulars relating to
the institute over which I am now presiding. Let us'
observe how very different the. present state of affairs is
from the time when the great foundations were made for
'The p' u` OrWititatinri -"and - instruction. - Before- the-
Reformation and immediately afterwards, great shins of
money and broad lands were given for the purpose of
endowing academies, colleges, and schools for education.
Our ancestors thought, and I believe wisely thought, that
the best plan that they could adopt was to promote or to
provide the means of teaching the science and litera-
ture which had been derived from ancient nations ; for
in those days those sciences and that literature contained
all that was known that was really worthy of study—
contained the most perfect works upon subjects of geo-
metry and science, and contained the best model of li-
terary writing. lam far from thinking, therefore, that
our ancestors committed an error, either when they di-
rected the education of the young almost exclusively to
those objects, or when they desired that a great length
of time should be given to that knowledge. But we
have to consider that, in the present day, we stand in a
totally different position. Not that we ought to forget
what advantages we have derived from the science
and the literature of ancient nations. Upon the
geometry delivered to us from the ancients has been
founded all that increase of knowledge which ended
in the discoveries of Newton. From the writings of
the poets of antiquity the great poets of modern times
have derived the best models they can imitate. From
the jurisprudence of the Romans are derived the laws
by which most of the nations of the Continent have been
ruled. But while this tribute must be paid, it is a para-
mount object of attention, that we, in the course of more
than three centuries and a half that have elapsed from
what is called the revival of literature, have added to the
stores that we have received immense stores of our own
—that by the side of that rich mine we have opened other
mines which, if not of as rich ore, are more easily worked,
and are more abundant in their product. (Loud cheers.)
It was Lord Bacon who first pointed out that the mode
of the pursuit of science for modern nations ought to
be different from that mode for the discovery of truth
which had been pointed out by some of the greatest
philosophers. (Hear.) It has been much questioned
whether Lord Bacon was an exact guide by which other
discoverers have been able to pursue the track of
knowledge and of invention. And upon that point I
think it is certainly clear that it was not Lord Bacon
that enabled a Galilee a Pascal and a Tycho Brache, a Co-
pernicus 'and a Kepler, to make the great discoveries
which have immortalised their names. (Hear, hear.)
But what is true is, that he at a very early period laid
down the rules by which all modern men of science have
guided themselves. He pointed out the road which
they have followed, and laid down more clearly, more
broadly, more ably than any one else, the great me-
thod lby which modern discovery should be pursued.
You will find, I think, if you pursue this subject, (if
those who belong to the Mechanics' Institute should even
study the works of Lord Bacon, one called the
"New Organ," the other on the augmentation of
science), that the latest discoveries, the latest inven-
tions, have been made according to that mode which
he pointed out. In a work that was published but a
year ago—Mr. Fairbairn's account of the experiments
he adopted under the direction of Mr. Stephenson, by
which he was enabled to construct the tubular bridge at
Conway, and over the Menai Straits— you will find that
all those experiments are according to the rules which
Lord Bacon had laid down. (Applause.) Take another
instance—a work on geology (and a most interesting
work it is), by Mr. Hugh Miller, called " The Old Red
Sandstone." You will find that an interesting work,
and as remarkable for the beauty of its style as for the
importance of its matter. And you will find there that
Mr. Hugh Miller, being at first a mason working in a
stone quarry, pursued in his method of investigation the
same rules which Lord Bacon more than three centuries
ago laid down, and which have thus become the founda-
tion and the law, as it were, of modern science. (Cheers.)
And now, gentlemen, having said thus much with regard
to the original method, let me beg leave to say that, inte-
rested, as no doubt the members of the Mechanics' Institute
must be in the various sciences which of late have made
so great a progress—that interesting as are those disco-
veries which have given us a power of rapid locomotion,
and have been the cause of the discovery of the electric
telegraph that wonderful and extraordinary as all
sciences are, by which such discoveries in the study of
the means and methods by which they are made must
be to you, I would earnestly press upon you that there
is one science which, though its practical use is rather
upon the sea than upon the land, yet is worthy of the
deepest study, on account of the magnificent results
which it unfolds. The science to which I allude is as-
tronomy. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) Whether those
who, having begun their mathematical studies with the
simplest problems of geometry, wish to pursue them to the
end, and follow the works of Newton himself—(and no more
interesting works can be perused by the mathematician)—
with a view of seeing how it was that he discovered that
great law of gravitation by which his name will be for
ever known ; or whether contenting themselves with more
popular accounts of astronomy, given in many of the
works of the day, written by Sir John Herschel and other
eminent men ; whether, I say, you pursue the one track or
the other, you cannot fail to be struck with that great
magnificence of the heavens which is unfolded to you
in astronomical speculations. (Applause.) And that
course of discovery, be it remarked, is still open, is still
persued ; and it is but lately that it has been found that
those parts of the heavens which seem to be mere collec-
tions of luminous cloud, devoid of anything like form of
worlds or form of suns, are full of small—small in ap-
pearance to us, but, in fact—stars, perhaps of very great
magnitude, but at immensely remote distances. So that, as.
it were, a new heaven is open to us; and it appears that to
Him to whom a thousand years is but as a day, a thousand
worlds are but a speck. (Applause.) Ladies and gen-
tlemen, I certainly will not attempt to detain you, and
to occupy your time by speaking of any of those other
sciences which also have their delight and their utility.
Let me only say, that there cannot be a greater mistake
than that which prevailed a number of years ago, I may
say, when I first visited this district. lam sorry to say,
that it is now 40 years ago since I came into this dis-
trict ; and in company with a learned and amiable man
(the late Professor Playfair,) visited your factories and
workshops. I was struck, I could not fail to be struck, by
the ingenuity that was displayed, and the wealth that was
obtained. (Hear, hear.) But I own that I left the
manufacturing districts with somewhat of a painful
feeling, that no greater means were used to spread
and obtain knowledge, and that a theory seemed to pre-
vail,—false and unfounded theory, I am sure it was,—
that those who are continually occupied in toiling and
spinning, in hammering and forging, could not obtain
the time, or have the means of penetrating the recesses
of science and literature. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) I
believe that no doctrine was more false. (Applause.)
And experience indeed has proved that while science and
literature add to the skill, add to the ability by whi
the artizan conducts his trade ; on the other hand, his
toil is sweetened by the comfort of thinking that he
can read and instruct himself when his hour of leisure
shall arrive. (Cheers.) Gentlemen, most sanguine are
the hopes of youth ! In a journal that I kept at that
time, in which I mentioned the various manufactories
that 'I
had visited and the inventions that I had seen, I
ended with a few observations on the moral and intel-
lectual state of the manufacturing districts, and expressed
a confident hope that great improvement would be made
in these respects. (Cheers.) And I come now, after
this long period, to rejoice in the prospect that that
hope is being fulfilled. (Applause.) And now, gentle-
men, I will turn for a short time to the subject of litera-
ture. That subject again is so vast that if I were to
attempt to go over any one of its numerous fields, I
should not find time enough to enable me to do so ; but
there is one leading remark that I will venture to make,
and which I think it is worth while for any person who
studies literature to keep in view. There are various
kinds of productions of literature, of very different
forms, of very different tastes—some grave and some
gay—some of extreme fancy—some rigorously logical ;
but all, I think, demanding this as their quality, that
truth shall prevail. (Hear, hear.) A French author
has said that nothing is beautiful but truth—that
truth alone is lovely—that truth ought to prevail,
even in fable. I believe that that remark is per-
fectly correct, and I believe you cannot use a better
test even to works of imagination than to see tha
s,
they are true to nature. (Loud cheers.) Now, perhapt
I can better explain what I mean in this respect by
giving you one or two instances than I should be able
to do by precept and explanation. A poet of very great
celebrity in the last century, and who certainly is a poet
distinguished for much fancy and great power of pathos,
but who has not the merit of being always as true as he

PROVIDENT CLERKS' MUTUAL LIFE
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•
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goi
HM

5,,
r.Eg
SA

E.;Eig;ri
gg-ag—
.29..t4a4urg
Er 31.06
°ggaL?.

0:4

E 'l'
•..41 e
Ir 4
E., Ai ^4

X. a. d.
10 21 15 10 1260
10 26 13 5 1205
10 33 19 6 1140
o 0 45 6 0 1i 30

£ 1852. 1853.
108 £5O £63
110 48 80
118 45 57
129 41 51

1852. 1853.
£1418£1437
1363 1312
1303 1531
1200 51C

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Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained on application to
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is pointed, in the poetry he has written—l mean Young
has said at the commencement of one of his
"Nights,"—
" Sleep, like the world, his ready visit pays
Where fortune smiles ; the wretched he forgets :
Swift on his downy pinions flies from woo
And lights on lids unsullied with a tear."
Now, if you will study that sentence, you will see that
there are two things which the poet has confounded to-
gether. He has confounded together those who are for-
tunate in their peace of mind, those who are fortunate in
the possession of health, and those who are fortunate in
worldly advantages. (Hear, hear.) Now, no two things
could be more opposite. (Hear.) It most frequently
happens that a man the worst off in his worldly
circumstances, to whom the world would pay no
homage, upon whom it could not be said fortune
smiled, enjoys a sweeter and a more regular sleep than
those who are in possession of the highest advantages of
rank. (Hear.) You will all remember, no doubt—and
it is a passage that I need not quote—that another poet,
always true to nature—Shakespere himself—has de-
scribed the ship-boy amidst the storm, in all the perils
of his position, on the mast-head, enjoying a quiet
sleep, while the king is described as unable to enjoy any
rest whatever. (Hear.) And thus, by following ob-
servations of that kind, and putting that test to poetry,
as well as to history and to reasoning, you will obtain a
correct judgment as to whether what you are reading is
really worth your attention, and worth your admiration,
or whether it is faulty, and is not so deserving. I may
give another instance, but I should hardly venture to do
do so if my friend and your friend, Lord Carlisle, were
here, because the want of truth that I am going to point
out is in the writings of Pope-(laughter)—and in some
lines of his that are certainly worthy of admiration. There
is a very beautiful ode of Horace exalting the merits of
poetry. He says that many brave men lived before
Agamemnon ; that there were many great sieges before
the piege,.of Troy ' • that before Achilles and Hector ex-
isted there were brave men and ',,reat battles, but that,
having no poet, they died, and that it required the
genius of poetry to give mental existence to the bravery
of armies and of chiefs. Pope has copied this, and in
some respects very well copied and imitated, in some
lines which begin—
" Lest you should think that verse should die
Which sounds the silver Thames along"—

THE INCOMS 17 AX

( the Mor

Faction is unfortunate
tactics have succeeded in
a tax rendered absolute
beneficent policy being no'
.with the principles of .ca
adopted by the nation.
and equitable that it has
economical authorities to
the most impudent and ma.
the Morning Chronicle, is
timony to the righteousness of the tax -
to be met with in society attempts to impugn it,
however they may suspect that the imposition of
it may be fated to encounter opposition. Take the
organs of public opinion—the Times for instance,
and ourselves, are found at one and the same mo-
ment urging the very same principles of justice and
propriety, as may be seen in our yesterday's papers-
Much as we differ in other matters, we agree in this,
simply because disagreement is impossible among
competent and honest financiers and politicians.
What will the wiseacres say to these things ?
See, then, the dilemma to which• a blind and
desperate faction has reduced itself—it is committed
to a glaring sin against first principles of justice
and sound policy ! Why is this ? Because faction
found that it must do this, or nothing. Needs
must when the Devil drives. We do not believe
that there is a single gentleman on the Opposition
benches who does not in his heart con
acur
ve to with
may h
these views of the heuse-tax ; many
do violence to their consciences at the bidding of
bigoted selfishness and ignorance, in voting against
this sound ingredient of a budget which in all other
respects they approve of, and would support.
But faction will fail. It has run its head against
a wall, and split that little head open—and there is
nothing in it. That wall is the national good
Sense. Let us note a little incident which we
chronicled yesterday—we allude to the reception
of her Majdty's Ministers on Wednesday at the
Lord Mayor's banquet. Doubtless it would have
gladdened the heart of a factious Opposition had it
seen the popular Ministry—
" Fallen, fallen, fallen, fallen,
Fallen from its high estate,
And weltering in its"—
folly and discomfiture. Doubtless, the Earl of
Derby and his Charkellor of the Exchequer had
made up their minds to encounter all sorts of offen-
sive cries—every manifestation of popular displea-
sure by the great assemblage of commercial intelli-
gence and patriotism. What was the fact ? " The
Earl of Derby was received with enthusiastic cheer-
ing." But what had gone before ? The Lord
Mayor had given utterance to this remarkable
expression of opinion, with a 'frankness which did
honour to the first magistrate of the first city in the
world—"l think there is, among all those 'whom I
am addressing, a hearty, unanimous, and cordial
wish that the present Government may succeed in
promoting more than any other Government had been
able to do, the social, commercial, and political pros-
perity of the country." These were evidently well-
weighed words, and were intended, no doubt, to
have a great significance at the present moment.
Again, in announcing Mr. Disraeli's arrival at the
Guildhall, this unpopular Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer, the Times states (" who was received with
loud cheering upon his arrival !"). These cheers
proceeded from those classes :whom the Earl of
Derby's policy is so nobly benefiting. When, how-
ever, those within had a fitting opportunity, on his
health being proposed, of expressing their opinion,
—the Times again being our authority—" The
Chancellor of the Exchequer was received with en-
thusiastic and protracted cheering !" Take your
change, Mr. Gladstone and Lord John, out of
that ! It is a splendid coin, fresh from the mint
of national intelligence and patriotism.
We entreat Ministers to note these significant
little facts, and we beg the same favour from the
bitter little besotted Peel clique and Manchester
school. The first it will cheer and support, the
others it must' proportionably discourage and dis-
may. We repeat, that the Ministers mean boldly
to stand by their budget, and fairly test the opinion
which it will receive in the country. The attempts
at agitation will be only in the nature of angry
local postules, developed by the irration of a few
demagogues ; but the constitution is sound, and its.
pulse continues steady and strong. Look again,
gentlemen, at the funds. Do they confirm or con-
tradict the silly squeak of poor Lord John Russell
—that " the financial system of the country is in
peril'?" Oh, Lord John; it really won't do.

but in the instances he gives he mentions Newton,
and says not only that brave men have lived and
and fought, but other Newtons "systems framed."
Now here he has not kept to the merit and truth of
the original ; and though it is ,true that there have
been distinguished armies and wise sages whose memory
has passed into oblivion, it is not at all probable that
any man like Newton, following by mathematical
roads discoveries in those great truths that he dis-
covered, will have perished and fallen into oblivion. I
give you those two instances of want of truth even in
celebrated poets ; and I think it is an observation you
will do well always to keep in view, because there is a
remarkable difference betweerkthe history of science and
Ilthe history of literature. (Hear, hear.) In the history
of science the progress of discovery is gradual. Those
who made those discoveries committed great errors : they
fell into many absurd mistakes, of which I could give
you numerous instances ; but those blunders and errors
disappear, the discoveries alone remain. Other men
come after them, and make those discoveries the elements
and the groundwork of new investigations, and thus the
progress of science is continual ; but truths remain—the
methods of investigation even shortened, and the pro-
gress continually going on. (Hear, -hear.) But it is
not so with regard to literature. It has, indeed, hap-
pened often in the history of the world, amongst
nations who have excelled in literature, that after great
works have been produced which brought down the ad-
miration of all who read them, others, attempting to go
further, attempting to do something still better, have
produced works, written in the most affected and unna-
tural style, and, instead of promoting literature, have
corrupted the taste of the nation in which they lived.
(Hear, hear.) Now this a thing against which I think
we should always be upon our guard ; and having before
us those great models of literature which we possess,
having our Shakespere, and Milton, and Pope, and a
long line of illustrious poets and authors, we should
always study to see that the literature of the day is, if
not on a par with, is in a taste as pure as that which
has gone before, and that we do not in letters, instead
of advancing, f9:11 back into decay in the productions of
the time. (Hear, hear.) I will now mention to you
another instance. It is apparently but a trifling one ;
and still it is one in which I think that nature and truth
are so well observed, that it may be worth your
while to listen to it. One of our writers, who has most
blended amusement with instruction, and ease of style I,
with solidity of matter, as you all know, is Addison.
It occurs to Addison to be describing a ride which he
had with a country squire whom he fell in with in his
I travels from London to a distant town. They came to
an inn, he says, and they ordered a bowl of punch for
their entertainment. The country squire—as was per-
haps the mode with country squires, and may have con-
tinued unto the present day—(laughter)—began to de-
preciate trade; to say that foreign trade was the ruin of
the country—(laughter)-- and that it was too bad that
the foreigner should have so much the advantage of our
English money. "Upon which," says Mr. Addison,
" I just called his attention to the punch we were going
to drink," and said, " If it were not for foreign trade,
where would be the rum, and the lemons, and the sugar
we are about to consume l" (Renewed laughter.) He
said the squire was considerably embarrassed by this re-
mark ; but the landlord, who was standing by, came to
his assistance, and said, " There's no better drink than
a cup of English water if it has plenty of malt in it."
(Laughter and applause.) Now, gentlemen, although
that appears a slight and trifling story, and is told in a
very homely way, yet it is perfectly true to nature, and
it conveys in a very lively manner a rebuke to the igno-
rance and prejudice of the person with whom Addison
represents himself to have been conversing. Gentlemen,
having made those observations, you will perhaps permit
me to say that the cause of my venturing to come hither
is, that I might both see the progress which you were mak-
ing in instruction of all kinds, and also that I might ex-
press my hopes and my wishes for your welfare in the
time that is to come. (Cheers.) It has been my fortune,
since the active part of my life began, to live in times of
peace, and to see great discoveries and great improve-
ments. I think you will feel that we who have had the
direction of affairs during that time—l speak not now of
any differences of political parties or of religious sects,
but taking
utaaki us altogether, all political parties, and men
religious denominations—I think we have not done
ill to the country during that period in which we have
borne an active share in its affairs. (Cheers.) If you
look back to 1815, when a bloody and costly struggle
was terminated, I think you will see that during that
period, whether by the judgment of Parliament, whether
by the action of great bodies and great societies, or whe-
ther by the skill and invention of individuals, the con-
dition of the people of this land has very much im-
proved. (Cheers.) While the means of sustenance
have become cheaper, the whole public burdens have be-
come less ; while the means of education have been im-
proving, there has been, with those circumstances, and
partly owing to those circumstances, a general progress
in society. (Hear, hear.) I think, therefore, that we
who have belonged to this time—and, I tell you again,
I wish to make no political allusions, or to claim for
one party over another any advantages—but I say gene-
rally that we who have lived in this time have upon
the whole not ill performed our duty. (Applause. It
will be for you, when we retire from the more active
business of this scene, to endeavour to carry on to still
greater knowledge, to still more comfort, to still more
wellbeing, the country in which you live. (Hear.) It is
a great charge imposed upon you, and I trust you will
properly discharge it. (Hear.) Let no insane passion
carry you without reason into contests with foreign
countries. (Applause.) Let no unworthy prejudice induce
you to withhold from any part of your countrymen that
which is their due. (Loud applause.) Let no previous
conviction prevent you from examining every subject
with impartial eyes, and placing before you the love of
truth, which ought to guide you in your investigations.
(Cheers.) With those convictions I am persuaded you
will abide by the institutions which you have, and by
the faith which you hold, and that you will adorn the
country to which you belong. (Loud and protracted
cheering.)
On the following day, an address was presented to his
lordship by the Town Council, and his lordship shortly
afterwards left for town by the Great Northern Railway.
(eh I

SINKING OF A BARGE AND LOSS OF LIFE AT LIVER-
POOL.—A distressing casualty occurred near the Stanley-
dock, between twelve and one o'clock yesterday (Thurs-
day) morning, by which a bargeman, William Horrocks,
and his son, a fine little fellow, about nine years of
corsage,ae
both perished. Shortly after midnight, loud "
help were heard issuing from on board a barge lying
in one of the locks between the Leeds and 14yeer:pao odl
r
canal and the Stanley-dock. Two flatmen, Ri h
was fi
Thompson and Edward Enos, whose atten
arrested by the cries, ran to the locok. and found a bar rst
ge
13,
n- Rachael, the
lin the act of sinking.
daughter of William HoAocgkir was found shrieking
s
piteously, and maintaining with difficulty her footing
on the submerged deck. When rescued she was up
The barge sunk immediately
to her neck in the water.
afterwards.
[ADVERTISEMENT.]--THE EARL OF ALDBOROUGH AND
HOLLOWAY'S Pius.—An astonishing cure by this mira-
culous medicine after every other means had failed.—
See extract from his lordsbip's letter, dated " Villa Mes-
sina, Leghorn, Feb. 21. 1845. To Professor Holloway.
Sir—l beg to acquaint you that your pills have effected
a cure of a disorder in my liver and stomach which all
the most eminent of the faculty at home and all over the
Continent had not been able to effect—nay, not even the
waters of Carlsbad or Marienbad. (Signed) ALDBOROUGH."
_These wonderful pills will cure any disorders of the
liver or stomach.—Sold (also Holloway's ointment) at
Professor Holloway's Establishment, 244, Strand, Lon-
don, and by all medicine vendors throughout the world.
THE BIRMINGHAM GREAT CATTLE SHOW. —The ar-
rangements for this annual exhibition in Bingley Hall,
and which are upon an unusually extensive scale are
nearly completed, and there is every reason to believe
that the meeting will be in all resmoat successful
pee SUCCCEIS .

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