The Sun.
London, England, 1864-09-30 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 30, 1864.

LA WIIEN C E, Mayor.—ln a Meeting or
Assembly of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Liverymen,
of the several Companies of the City of London, in Common
Hall assembled at the Guildhall of the said City, on Thurs-
day, the 29th day of September. 1664
Resolved unanimously—
That this Common Hall desired to express to the Right
Hon. William Lawrence, Lord Mayor, their high apprecia-
tion of the earnest and faithful manner in which he has dis-
charged the important duties of his office, and to tendet to
his lordship their thanks for the liberal support he has
rendered to the numerous charitable institutions of London,
for maintaining on all occasions the dignity of his ofllco, and
for the hospitality he has so freely dispensed. The citizens
of London regard with satisfaction the frien ly and heap,-
table reception given b 5 the Lord Mayor to General G ribaldi
on his being presented with the freedom of the City, thereby
manifesting the strong attachment ot his lordship to the
ause of liberty ; and this common Hall desired to express
their conviction that whatever position the Lord Mayor may
be cal ed upon to fill he will ever be found a strenu us advo-
cate of the cause of freedom and a firm upholder of the rights
end privileges of the citizens of London.
Resolved unanimously—
That the thanks of the Livery are due, and are hereby
given, to Hilary Nicholas Nissen, Esq., and Thomas Cave,
Esq., Sheriffs of London and Middlesex, during the pa t
year, for the courteous and dignified manner in which they
have discharged the important duties of that ancient and
honourable offi'e, for their generous hospitality, and for their
munificent contributions to the numerous charitable institu-
tions of the metropolis.
Resolved unanimously—
That the best thanks of this Common Hall be given t a the
Livery Committee for their exertions in securing this Hall
on the present occasion from the int -usion of strangers who
are not Liverymen ; and to the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and
Common Council for the kind assistance they have rendered
to the Committee in the accomplishment of their oc
WOODTHObje t.
RPE.

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goods at second-class prices. Terms peculiarly liberal to
Clergymen and Gentlemen. An immense stock to select
from, displayed in Showrcoms occupying an acre of ground.
Every article warranted.
CI,EIiGYAIQLsuct GENTLEMEN ABOUT TO FUR-
NISH are respectfully informed that Messrs. Cobbett and
Co. are publishing an entirely New Edition of their un-
equalled SOUSE FURNISHING GUIDE, illustrated by4lo
elm:-able engravings of every description of Furniture and
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complete estimates for furnishing on the following revised
vale :
A Six-roomed Parsonage £74 3 0 •
An Eight-roomed ditto
A Ten-roomed ditto . 259 16 6
A Twelve-roomed ditto
Together with a Price List of purified Bedding, and a mass
of valuable informationto all requiring househ)ld furniture,
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Chichester Bury, Ely, Preston, Grimsby, Hyde, Plymouth,
Wells, Oxford, Brighton, Gainsborough, Margate. Kidder-
minster, Wellington, Croydon, Cambridge, Staines, Dorking,
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PIGS! PIGS! PIGS!-INDIAN PIG MEAL,
without husks, supplied to the Royal farms, Windsor,
and in every county in England, 10s 6d per cwt. ; one cwt.
equal to 1 cwt. barley or any meal. Delivered free in Lon-
don. Established 1858.—THO1A.S PEARCE, Manager, 66,
Lant-street, Southwark.

REAL SEAL SKIN JACKETS.—Meeers.
HO WELL, JAMES, and CO. res ectfully intimate
that they have now ready for SALE an unu.ual large
variety of JACKETS and PALETOTS, made of thely very
finest skins of the seal.
They are in six different sizes, and in shapes the most con•
venient for either driving or the promenade.
Messrs. Howell and Co. will esteem the favour of a visit o
inspection.

real Roman army; in defending Rome it •will defend its
own flag ; and there will not be anything in its organisation
to hurt any principle. There are numerous precedents, and,
without going so far bank as the Republic of Venice, we
need only cast a glance, as we have already said, on what is
actually taking place in the Republic of the United States.
The Pontifical Government therefore, have an army.
It will also have finances. Italy, by taking upon herself the
portion of the debt adhering to the ancient provinces of the
Church, has, evidently, simply done her duty. She has
obeyed the principles of political economy and natural equity,
which imply that the cost must go with the advantages ob-
tained. It is no less certain that. the Treasury of the Holy
See will find itself relieved of very • heavy charges. More-
over, how can it be supposed that the great Catholic com-
munity which daily by its'donations comes to the aid of the
Holy the events, and feeling the centre coup
ofa Sae,gretstruckrevolution,by wil, not double its devotion and zeal
when the point is the reconstruction of the power and of the
independence of the Sovereign Pontiff? •
Snch is, as regards the temporal power, the bearing of
the stipulations of the 15th September. -But, we are told,
have you forgotten that the consent of the Holy Father is
necessary ? No, we have not forgotten it. We have simply
fancied that a Power which has for AO, many years been
maintained by foreign protection, and to which means are
given to support itself, could not reject such propositions
without justifying its enemies,
Secret clauses have been hinted at ; there are none.
Every one was in a false position beforethe 15th of Septem-
ber—there is a real situation now `for all—real for Italy,
who has no foreigners left except at Yenice—real for the
Holy See, which re-enters into the normal conditions of all
power—real for France, who, faithful to herself, will not
have left Rome without having given guarantees to the
Holy See against external dangerAad the means of assur-
ing its safety at home.
The object has been attained. To know how to wait, in
fact, is the best condition of success for a policy which
knows what it wants and desires what is just.

Adoption of the Public-house Closing Act
in Mancheste.

A special meeting of the City Council was held on Wed- I
nesday—the MAYOR (J. M. Bennett, Esq.) in the chair—
to receive a report from the General Purposes Committee,
and to adopt a resolution thereon. The committee had
recommended unanimously that the Public-house Closing
Act, 1861, should be adopted in this city,
The DEPUTY TOWN CLERK (Mr Austin) said it was ne-
cessary for the adoption of the act that a meeting should be
called by the Mayor, upon a requitiition signed by a num-
ber of ratepayers. Such a requisition had been received in
this case, The act would come into operation one month
after its adoption by the Council,
Mr Alderman HEYWOOD moved the adoption of the act.
He said he believed the act would be a benefit, not only to
the public, but also to those who desired to keep public-
houses without being compelled to have them open during
the small hours. In London the act had given general
satisfaction, and caused a remarkable change in the neigh-
bourhoods where night houses were formerly open. A com-
plaint had been made that compositors on the morning
papers would be inconvenienced by being unable to obtain
refreshment. But a gentleman who had been connected
with the printing business for half a century had stated,
from the Bench, that the arrangements at the principal
offices were such that the men could get refreshments at
any hour, and that it would be much better for them if they
would go home when they left work at 2 or 3 o'clock, instead
ofgoing to the night houses. There could be no doubt that a
necessity existed for the act to be put in operation in Mau-
cheater. The 7th clause gave power to the chief officer of
a hours and upon special in parties from the provision's
police, subject to the approbation of the Mayor, to grant
on of (3
theasio na ant n
i licensesduring exemptinge
r
occa-
sions, to be specified in such license, If, therefore, any
necessity should be found to exist for one or two houses to
s
be open for the accommodation of market people or others,
houses would be specially licensed. He believed that
the bulk of the publicans in Manchester would approve the
adoption of the acG.
Aldetman Sir B. ARMITAGE seconded the motion.
Mr Alderman GRUNDY said he believed the act had been
conducive to public order and morality in London. =7:z;
Mr G. BOOTH said the act only altered existing arrange-
ments in one respect—that the publichouse would be closed
from 1 o'clock to 4 a.m.

Mr itIMINEY said he would commend the resolution to
those who sought to obtain further restrictions. It was
absurd to attempt to prohibit the sale of intoxicating liquors.
The act before them was, however, a step in the right (thee-

tion, There were places open iu Manchester during the
night which were a disgrace td civilisation and Christianity.
If the Council had the power to enforce further restrictions
uppn publichouses, such as Sunday closing, they would
gladly put them into operation.
Mr CLOWES said he believed that no respectable inn-
fc,eper..would object to the act,
Mr STRACY said great discretion would be necessary in
granting
licenses in the neighbourhood or Smithfield mar-
ket. Twice a week the business of the market was con-
tinued all night, and those who brought commoaities to the
market must have places of
shelter. lie thought the act
would haye been more valuable if the hour at which houses
were permitted to be opened had been five or six o'clock in-
stead of tour. A man who went home tipsy at one o'clock
bad scarcely time to get sober by four o'clock, whereas he
might recover by six. (Laughter.) In 1844 he moved a re-
solution in the Council in favour of closing publichouses
during church hours. That provision was after,varda
adopted in the local act of Parliament, and it was the first
break in the continued keeping open of publichouses.
Mr WGILL male a few remarks, which were not heard.
Mr WHITEHOUSE said ho objected to the act, because it
would involve some injustice and cruelty to those who, by
any misadventure on the railway or from any other cause,
arrived in the city between ono and four in th© morning.
Mr KING said Mr Whitehouse's objection would be met
by the fact that hotels would be open during the night, and
the persons staying at hotels could obtain refreshments.
With respect to the market, it had been suggested that all
the publichouses in the neighbourhood should be licensed
in turn. A better plan would be for the Markets Committee
to provide a comfortable room to be opened during the
night, where good tea and coffee, and wholesome refresh-
ment might be obtained by the country people.
Mr. ROBINSON said he considered that the act would
not interfere with persons arriving at night by railway. The
fifth clause forbade the keeping open of a public house be-
tween one and four o'clock for the sale cfcertain liquors; it
wasperfectly competent for any inn to keep a night ;porter,
and admit arrivals by night trains. lie hoped that when
the act came to be construed the fact of a house being open
would not be considered evidence of intention to sell ex-
ciseable liquors. Proof must be given of an actual sale, to
cause a conviction under this act. lie had ascertained by
inquiry that all the hotel keepers and the respectable
licensed vi3tuallers were in favour of the act. Most of them
already did more than the act required, as they closed at 12
o'clock, and opened again between six and eight o'clock.
The act would affect some night houses in Manchester,
whose number did not exceed a dozen.—The resolution was
adopted unanimonsly.-11ranchcster Guardian,.

PILGRIMAGES IN INDIA.—The Bombay Times
inserts the following statement :—" Thirty miles north-east
of Sholapoor, at Toolazapoor, is the great temple of the
goddess Bhowani, and twice a year the place is thronged
by men and women of every grade,
at who come to pay their
vows and sacrifice to the idol. Besides this, at every full
moon long trains of pilgri▪
ms may be seen flocking thither,
and such is the faith of the people in the healing power of
tclistance of 50 or 100 miles, and the
persons make a pilgrimage thi-
ther the goddess that the sick are resorting there constantly in
the vain hope of some reli▪
ef. The temple at Punderpoor is
still
rr e moreer h e
y month
practice is kept up for Tally years, One man, who had ap-
parently come from a distance, the writer saw near Barsee,
every
renowned.e greet
ffer
m iva/40t to speak of the myriads who go
a ls so
making the journey by prostrations, measuring g his length
upon the ground. It was under the burning sun of noon-
day,and, hardly able to proceed, he seemed the very picture
of despair. But a case still more remarkable was that of a
man performing the journey by rolling himself upon the
ground. We came up w
iwas th him
two miles east of Wairag,
going,
and asked him where he and why he was thus
torturing himself ? Se at first did not seem to hear but at
length stopping, he lay exhausted upon the ground, and
answered in a faint voice that he was going to Punderpoor.
After some further questions, as the writer remonstrated
with him upon the folly of such a course, ho raised his
head from the ground, and, half reclining, said that he
had come so far already that he could nut desist now. He
stated that his village was near Chandrapoor, 450 miles
to the east from there, that he had spent fifteen months
on the way thus far; and that it was forty miles more, and
he wished to complete the pilgrimage. He was accustomed
to go about a mile each stopped, 1
would then note the
stopped
place where ho had , and waaring back to
the nearest village, would remain until the next day, re-
ceiving his food from the villagers, Then he would return
and from the place left the previous day, would begin ag An
his toilsome pilgrimage. If ho came to a river that could
not be passed in this manner, ho would go back a distance
equal to this space, and roll over the ground a second time.
He had for clothing only a coarse cloth bound tightly about
his loins and another about his head, and thus almost
naked, over roads extremely rough and stony, exposed to
heat and cold, sometimes drenched with rain or covered
with mud,—for a
t year and 3 months this man had been
rolling himself alongtowards the shrine of Vithoba. Yet
it was not a sense of stn or a deTre for pardon that induced
him to undertake this painful journey. But it was evi-
dent, upon further conversation, that he was urged on by
no higher motive than a selfish pride, He sought a re-
putation for holiness.

National Association for the Promotion of

Social Science.

YORK, Thursday.

The business of the congress was formally brought to a
close. The whole of the departments concluded their
labours yesterday. According to the opinions of those best
qualified to judge, so far as the value of the papers read
and the discussions which have taken place, the meeting
has been a success. As regards the number of members and
associates who gathered on the occasion, it has not reached
to the height of the wishes of the chief supporters of the
institution, although the estimate must ba token as relative
and by comparison in this respect with that of last year at
Edinburgh. The predominance of ladies at the sittings of
the departments was remarkable. There are those who
say that social science or its objects,And as it is illustrated
by this society, is grave, if not dull ; but assuredly its meet-
ing on this occasion•has-made the ancient and picturesque
city of York gay. Nor must it be forgotten that contrary
to all meteorological predictions, scientific and local, the
weather has been most propitious, bright sunny days, and
soft tranquil, starlight nights, combining to make up a
second summer-time of the year. The arrangements for
the conduct of the business, and the cemfort and conve-
nience of visitors under the auspices of the indefatigable
executive of the association, have been as nearly perfect as
possible, and it may well be said that, assuming that the
meeting has not achievel quite the success which its pro-
moters endeavoured to give it, at least it has deserved it.

BRIBERY AND CORRUPTION AT ELECTIONS.
Yesterday evening a special meeting was held in the Fes-
tival Concert-rooms for the discussion of the best means of
restricting bribery, corrupt practices, and extravagant ex-
penditnre-utelectiona:
Lord Brougham was in the chair, and was supported by
Sir Fitzroy Kelly, Mr Edwin Chadwick, C. 8., Mr Pollard
Urquhart, M.P., Mr Neate, M.P., Mr Hastings, &c , and
there was a rather moderate general attendance, the
majority being ladies.
The discussion was commenced by
Mr CHADWICK, who gave an account of an attempt made
by Mr Christie, late Minister at Brazil, to discourage bri-
bery, and corruption by the signing, by persons engaged in
election contests, of a declaration against the practice,
which it was supposed would have greater moral weight and
success than almost any penal enactments passed for the
purpose of repressing the evil. Mr Christie had read a
paper on the subject before the Jurisprudence section of
the Association, and a committee had been appointed to
consider it. Mr Chadwick read the statements of Earl
Derby, Lord Palmerston, Sir R. Peel, Etna Mr J. S. Mill,
all strongly condemnatory of electoral corruption. Whether
the association succeeded in getting large declarations or
not, Mr Chadwick thought there were some points of ex-
penditure upon which they could obtain legislative interfe-
rence. As illustrations of enormous expenditure he quoted
that of the .return of Lord J. Russell for the city of London
—£4,000 of which one-third was paid to printers, another
for committee rooms, and another for bringing electors to
vote. In the return of Roupell for Lambeth, £6,000 was
spent and 1,000 agents employed, whose receipts were con-
sidered as in fact bribes. (Applause.) He suggested the
formation of an association, every member of which should
sign a declaration that he would discountenance bribery and
corruption in every form, and that elections should be car-
ried on by voting papers.
Mr POLLARD-URQUHART, M.P„ trusted that reformers
would not be daunted by the slow progress their efforts to
put down bribery was making. It would be a step in the
right direction if the leaders of the different parties in the
State would resolve to take no part in the election which
was now pending ; or to put out their influence, directly or
indirectly, by working the treasury streams—or allowing
their confidential friends to make use of thtir influence at

elections.
Lord BROUGHAM—Or by subscribing to a general fund.
Mr Poeluto- URQUHART said it would be a great step.
It would also be beneficial if they could ottein the en-
forcement and the practical working of the bill brought in
by the learned gentleman now present, Sir Fitzroy Kelly.
(Applause.) Members should be made to give a true and
complete return of the expenses attending their election;
and it had often struck him that one of the best modes of
enforcing this would be to exclude from Parliament for a
certain time, say from five to ten years, every member who
dil not make such a return. (Applause.)
Mr Mee OAKE gave an account of an experiment made at
Berwick-en-T weed by a society with which he was connected
—the Northern Reform Union.
Sir FITZ LLOY KELLY sod it was upon the constitution
and touching the cunet itut ion of this ceuntry that this great
question affected the firet interests of the nation, the fiest
interests of all society, the character and well-being of the
country, and the laws in which they were most deeply inte-
rested. That the 110,180 of Commons ought to be the express
image of the people. that it ought truly to represent—if it be
introssible to suppose that it can represent iht, entire people
of this country—at least the constitumcies who return the
members of the House of Commons—all depends entirely
upon whether those who are returned as members of the
House of Commons are returned as men of the free, true,
pure, and independent choice of the constituency by which
they may be returned. He did not hesitate to say that the
influence of the ministers of the Crown should be unexer-
cised or unfelt in the election of members of Parliament,
but admitted that such a state of things was nearly impos-
sible. (Cheers.) The hon. and learned gentleman laid down
that there was no bribery in counties, and gave a history of
the legislative attempts which had been made to prevent
corrupt practices at elections.
Mr Alderman LEEMAN asserted that if there was not ex-
actly bribery in county elections, at least there was intimi-
dation and undue influence, and that no tenant in a county
constituency could with safety vote against the will and
opinions of his landlord. The only true remedy for the
existing- state of things was the ballot.
Lord BROUGHAM, on closing the proceedings, said he be-
lieved that there was a great exaggeration with regard to
the effect on elections which would be produced by the bal.
lot. In his opinion it was not the fact that in counties
elections were influenced widely in the sense of coercion by
landlords on their tenants. Nu doubt the landlords exer
cised influences, but that influence was derived not from fear
of harsh consequences to the tenant, but arose from the re-
spect and attachment which naturally existed between the
owner and the occupier of the land. He strongly denounced
all bribery and corrupt practices at election, and laid down
broadly that anyone who took a bribe was morally guilty of
perjury, because after he bad taken it and went to give h►s
vote he must be prepared to take the oath against bribery,
which ho was liable to have tendered to him.

INTERNATIONAL GENERAL AVERAGE.

During the meeting of the association a section, the object
of which was to discuss the subject of international general
average, held its sittings on the 26th, 27th, and 28th inst.,
at the Museum. Sir J. Wilde was in the chair on the 26th,
and Sir F. Kelly on the 27th and 28th. There were present
commissioners appointed by the Governments of Russia and
Belgium, and delegates from various commercial and insur-
ance associations of New York, Boston, France, Holland,
and other continental states ; and from London, Liverpool,
Sunderland, and other towns.
SirJ.WILDE in his opening address dwelt on the importance
of the object aimed at by the section. It was most desirable
if practicable that one uniform rule should prevail amongst
maritime countries in a matter in which seafaring men were
continually brought into collison with foreign laws.
A long discussion ensued on the clauses of the draft of a
bill or general code introduced by the committee. The
fifth section, which related to voluntary stranlings, was
struck out, and a clause was substituted to the effect that
when a ship is intentionally run ashore because she ,s sink-
ing or driven on shore on rocks, the consequent damage
should not be admitted as general average. It was
resolved that means should be forthwith taken towards
obtaining the sanction of the several legislatures of the
countries represented to the rules here framed, which were
henceforth to be known as " The General Average) Rules,
framed at York, in 1864." The co-operation of mercantile
associations and the leading mercantile men in the several
countries was also to be invited.
To-day meetings of the several departments were held
for the purpose of preparing reports of their proceedings,
and subsequently a meeting of the council was held at the
Guildhall.

CLOSING GENERAL MEETING.
At half-past one o'clock the final general meeting of the
association was held at the Festival Concert-rooms. Loi
BROUGHAM took the chair.
Mr. HASTINGS read the report of the council, which con-
gratulated the association on the interest and value of the
proceedings. It had not been expected that at York so
large an assemblage would take place as in other cities, but
it was hoped that valuable results would ensue, especially
in reference to the welfare of the rural population. Never-
theless, the number of members, being 1,019, was larger in
proportion than that which attended the meetings of the
association at any other city. The result of the discussions
had been most valuable. Especial allusion was made to the
working men's meeting, which had been accepted by the
association as a marked success. The report alluded spe-
cifically to each of the departments, particularly to that in
which the question of mental responsibility of criminals,
the sewage of towns, agriculture, and reformatory disci-
pline, had been discussed, as well as to the conference on
internatioal averages. It was stated that Mr Peabody and
Mr Jarvis, of Massachusetts, were honorary members of
the association. The council gave their thans to the Lord
Mayor and corporation, to the various bodkies which had
afforded accommodation to the aesociatior, to the dean and
chapter for lighting up the Minster, to the railway com-
panies for the faoilities afforded to the members for transit,