The Sun.
London, England, 1864-10-04 00:00:00

The Evacuation of Rome.

We translate from the Moniteur the full text of
the despatch addressed by the Minister of Foreign
Affairs, by order of the Emperer, to his Excellency
Count de Sartigea, Ambassador of France at _Rome.
A summary of rnis despatch appeared in our impres.
sion of yesterday. It is dated Paris, Sept. 12,
1864:

Monsier 90 Comte,--Tho position which we occupy at
Rome hat+ for a long time been a cause of serious considera-
tion, to the Government of the Emperor. Circumstances
have appeared to us favourable to examine anew into the
real state of things, and we think it advisable to communi-
cate to the Holy See the result of our refltctions.

I need not refer to the causes which led the flag of France
to Rome, and which determined us to keep it there up to the
present moment. We had resolved not to atandon that post
of honour so long as the object of the occupation should
not have been obtained. Yet we never supposed that such a
position should be a permanent cne ; we always considered
it as abnormal and temporary. It was on those terms that
the first plenipotentiary of the Emperor at the Congress of
Paris characterised it eight years ago. He added, conform-
ably to the orders of his Majesty, that we anxiously looked
forward for the moment when we might withdraw our
troops from Rome without compromising the internal tran-
quillity of the country and the authority of the Pontifical Go-
vernment. On every opportunity we renewed the same de.
clarations, At the commencement of 1859 the Holy Father
had on his part made the proposal to fix the end of this year
for the evacuation of the territory guarded by our troops.
The war which then burst out in Italy having decided the
Emperor to renounce their recall, the same idea was resumed
as soon as events seemed to authorise the hope that the
Pontifical Government would be in a position to provide for
its safety with its own forces. Hence the entente established
in 1860, and in virtue of which the departure of the French
troops was to be effected in the month of August. The
commotions which took place at the same period again pre-
vented the 'execution of a measure which the Holy See
desired aft much as we did. But the Government of the
Emperor did not the less continue to look upon the presence
of our troops at rtome as an exceptional and temporal fact,
to which, in mutual interest, we were bound to put' an end
as soon as the security and independence of the Holy See
should be shielded from new dangers.
How many reasons are there not, in fact, to make us wish
that the occupation should not be indefinitely prolonged ?
It constitutes an act of intervention, contrary to one of the
fundamental principles of our public law, and the more diffi-
cult to justify, as far as we are cencerned, as our object in
giving Piedmont thr support of our arms was to deliver
Italy from foreign intervention. Moreover, this situation has
as a consequence to place face to face, on the same ground,
two distinct sovereignties, and thus to be often the cause of
serious difficulties. The nature of things is here stronger
than the good intentions of man. Many changes have been
made the superior command of the French army, and the
mile dissensions, the same conflicts of jurisdiction have oc-
curred at every period between our Generals-in-Chief, whose
first duty is evidently to watch over the safety of their army,
and the representatives of the Pontifical authority, jealous
to uphold the independence of the territorial Sovereign in
the acts of internal administration.

To these unavoidable inconveniences, which the French
agents most devoted to the Holy See have not been able to
obviate, must be added those which infallibly result from
the difLrence of political considerations. The two Govern-
ments do not obey the same inspirations and do not act upon
the same principles. Our conscience, too, often urges us
to give counsel which, too often also, that of the Court of
Rome thinks it ought to decline. Should we insist too
strongly it would seem as if we were abusing the strength
of our position, and, in that case, the Pontifical Govern-
ment would in public opinion lose the merit of the most
wise resolutions. On the other hand, by taking part in acts
inconsistent with our social state and with the maxims of
our legislation, we with difficulty escape the responsibility
of a situation which we cannot approve. The Holy See,
from its very nature, has its codes and particular rights,
which, on many occasions, are unhappily in opposition to
the ideas of the age. Distant from Rome, we should still
certainly regret to see it carry out their rigorous applica-
tion, and, guided by a filial devotion, we should, doubtless,
not think ourselves justified in remaining silent when simi-
lar facts should provide pretexts for the accusations of i s
adversaries ; but being present at home, which imposes
more serious obligations upon us, uner such circumstances
the relations of the two Governments become more delicate,
and their reciprocal susceptibilities aro brought into greater
relief,

However patent these inconveniences may be, we have
resolved not to relinquish the mission which we accepted.
The Holy Father bad no army to protect his authority at
home against the projects of the Revolutionary party, and,
on the other hand, the most alarming intentions were pre-
valent in the Peninsula as regards the possession of Rome,
which the Italian Government itself, through the mouths
of the Ministers i❑ the Parliament as well as by diplomatic
communications, claimed as the capital of Italy. As long
as those views occupied the thoughts of the Cabinet at
Turin we have had rearpn to fear that if we withdrew our
troops the territory of the Holy See wculd be exposed to
attacks which the Pontifical Government could not have
been able to withstand. We wished to give it our armed
support until we considered the danger of those inconside-
rate outhurets es past.
At the present moment, M. le Comte, we are struck by
the happy changes which manifest themselves in this re-
spect in the general situation of the Peninsula. The Italian
Government has been exerting itself during the last two
years to do away with the last remnants of those formidable
associations which, taking advantage of circumstances, have
formed themselves beyond its action! and the projects of
which were chiefly directed against Rome, Having opposed
them publicly, it has succeeded in dissolving them, and
whenever they have attempted to reconstitute themselves,
it has easily put them down.
This Government has not confined itself to preventing
the organization of any irregular force upon its territory to
attack the provinces placed under the Pontifical sovereignty.
It has given to its policy towards the Holy See an attitude
more in harmony with its international duties, It has ceased
to bring forward in the Chambers the absolute programme
which proclaimed Rome the capital of Italy and to address
to us on this subject peremptory declarations formerly so
frequent, Other ideas have taken hold of the more enlight-
ened minds, and tend to prevail more and more. Abandon-
ing the idea of achieving by force the realisation of a pro-
ject which we had resolved to oppose, and not being able on
the other land to maintain at Turin the seat of an authority
the presence of which is requisite on a more central point of
the new State, the Cabinet of Turin would itself have har-
boured the intention of transferring its capital to another
city.

In our opinion, M. le Comte, this eventuality is of higher
importance to the Holy See, as well as to the Government of
the Emperor; for, if realised, it would constitute a new
situation which would not offer the same danger. After
having obtained from Italy the guarantees which we might
think fit to stipulate in favour of the Holy See against
attacks from without, all that would remain for us to do
would be to assist the Pontifical Government to organise
an army sufficiently numerous and well organised to com-
mand respect for its authority at home. It would find ns
ready to second recruiting to the best of our endeavours.
Its actual resources, we are aware, would not allow it to
maintain a considerable army ; but comtinations might be
made which would relieve the Holy See from a portion of
the debt of which it thought it was bound in dignity to con-
tinue hitherto to pay the interest. Placed thus in the posses.
cion of ample funds, defended at home by a devoted army,
protected outsi le by engagements which we should have
demanded from Italy, the Pontifical Government would
find itself in a position which, while assuring its independ-
ence and safety, would allow us to fix a term for with-
drawing our troops from the Roman States. These words
addressed by the Emperor to the King of Italy in a letter,
dated the 12th of July, 1861, will thus be verified :

" I will leave my troops at Rome as long as your Majesty
shall not be reconciled to the Pope, or that the Holy Father
shall be menaced with seeing the States that remain to him
invaded by a regular or irregular forcq.',

Such are, M. le Comte, the observations suggested to us
by a careful and conscientious examination of actual cir-
cumstances, and. which the Government of the Emperor
thinks it advisable to communicate to the Court of Rome.
The Holy Sae assuredly, like ourselves, eagerly looks for-
ward to the moment when the protection of our arms will
no longer be required for its safety, when it might without
danger to the great interests which it represents return to
the normal situation of an independent Government. We,
therefore, entertain the confidence that it will render full
justice to the sentiments which actuate us, and it is undsr
this persuasion that I authorise you to call the attention of
Cardinal Antonelli to the considerations I have just made
known to you.

You may levee his Eminence a copy of this eespatch.—l
am, BCC., DROUYN DE LDUYS.

" THE QUEEN OF THE COUNTY."—AII novel
readers will be delighted to hear that a new work, by the
author of ";Margaret and her BridesmaLls," is shortly to
appear. It is called "The Queen of the Count) "—a title
which gives promise of a subject peculiarly adapted for the
pen of this charming and popular novelist.

PERU.—His Excellency the President in Council,
by a decree under date of the 25th of August last,
has r lieved from their appoiatments in England and France
Don Mariano Satz and Don Pedro Galvez, hitherto Mi-
nister Plenipotentiaries of Peru in London and Paris ; and,
by a decree und or the same date, his Excellency has named
Don Frederico L. Barroda. now Minister Plenipotentiary
at Washington, to replace both those functionaries in Lon-
don and Paris.

SINGULAR ACCIDENT BY FIRE.—On Sunday
morning an accident of a melancholy character occurred to
a man named Chapman, residing at a lodging-house, No,
7, Beat-alley, Peter-street. The man, who was subject to
fits, was sitting by:the fire smoking a pipe of tobacco, when,
feeling the premonitory symptoms, he threw himself on the
bed, but forgot to throw away his lighted pipe. The
tobacco ignited the sheets, burning the poor man in a
frightful manner. The inmates extinguished the fire, and
prevented the destruction of thi premises,

16,7.3

4,5'5

Compared with the receipts of the last
year, the present returns show an in-
crease of £5,483 9 10
The total sale of land to Michaelmas, 1861,

is 368,800 13 10
The total withdrawals since the formation
of the Society (7th September, 1852) to
Islichaelmas, 1861, are
The returns of the register of the order of rights are as
follow :

Completed. Drawn. Seniority. Total.
5,432 3,234 1,706 10,372
Deduct rights exercised on estates, &e, 7,787

Unexercised rights
The last share number on the register by seniority is No.
14,813, and the last share issued up to Michaelmas, 1864,
was No, 21,228. At the usual annual meeting to be held
at Exeter Hall. on Tuesday, the 29th of November, the
statement of accounts and balance sheet for the financial
year endirg the 30th of September last, together with the
report of the Executive Committee of the year's operations,
will be submitted to the shareholders, The candidates for
the two auditors to be elected by the shareholders at this
quarterly meeting, advertised under Rule 30, are the Rev
William George Goodchild, Mr. E. S, Harding, and Mr.
Clemow. The committee have re-elected W. Copeland
Astbury, Esq., and Newnham Winstanley, Esq., as their
two auditors. After the nomination this day by the mem-
bers of two auditors, the accounts for the past year will be
examined and audited in due course. it is with much
regret that the Board has to announce the death, on the Ist
instant, of Mr. E. S. Harding (the accountant), for so
many years one of the auditors elected by the shareholders,
who was a candidate on the present occasion, and for which
the Rev. Wm, Goodchild and Mr, Clemow are now the
only candidates. Three highly eligible properties have
been acquired by the society since the last quarterly report
—the Admiralty Navy Yard at Deal (East Kent); the
Southgate Road Estate, Woodgreen (Middlesex) ; and the
Sandown Estate (Isle of Wight). The Deal property,
which was purchased after a spirited competition at the
sale by auction (by order of the Lords Commissioners of
the Admiralty) on the 19th of July last, is one of the most
valuable sea- side sites ever offered to the public. The
esplanade frontage is 800 feet, with a corresponding quan-
tity fronting the high road to Walmer and Dover, affording
ample space for the erection of first-class villas,
houses, hotels, and boarding-houses. A new iron pier,
extending some distance into the sea, has recently been
opened in the centre of Deal, close to the navy yard
esplanade, and an Aet of Parliament was passed last
session for the formation of docks. Houses for all classes
of the community are already in demand. As the improve-
ments in this important seaport are extended, its popularity
will no doubt materially increase. Whether for health or
recreation, owing to the remarkable salubrity of the situa-
tion, and the unrivalled panoramic view of the shipping in
the Downs, Deal presen's equal attraction% The Wood
Green estate is within a short distance of the station and of
the Alexandra Park, close to the Green Lanes, Hornsey,
and other popular localities near the metropolis. The
Sunnyside estate, Sandown, comprises a marine villa, with
plantations, pleasure grounds, and inclosures situated a
short distance from the church, in tho Shanklin-road, with
a footpath on the cliff. The property commands splendid
views of a great part of the int( rior of the island, and there
is an uninterrupted sea frontage of about 950 feet. The new
eastern section railway from Hyde to Cowes, via Ventnor
and Newport, has just been opened as far as Shanklin ;
trains run between Hyde and Sandown every hour, and
every half hour from Sandown to Hyde. As a bathing-
place Sandown is unrivalled, and has been increasing of
late rapidly in popularity. The thirteenth year of the Con-
servative Land Society having been commenced on the 7th
of September last, the executive committee, whilst congra-
tulating the shareholders on its prosperous progress, ate
enabled to add that its prospects for the current year are
already highly encouraging,
(Signed) RANELAGH, Chairman.

(Counters'gned) C. LEwts GRUNEISEN, Secretary.
Offices of the Conservative Land Society, 33, Nor- '
folk-street, Stand, W.C., Oct. 4, 1864.
:After the adoption of the:eeport and the election by the
members of the Rev. N. G. Goodchild, of East Tilbury,
and of W. IL Clemew, Esq., the secretary of the English
and Swedish Bank, as auditors, a vote of thanks was passed
to the executive committee, and the meeting broke up.