The Sun.
London, England, 1852-04-26 00:00:00

ARRIVAL OF ROSAS.

ffALNOCTH, APRIL 22.—Her M.,,icsty's steam-ship
Contliot arrived here lest night from Buenos Ayres, last
from queenstown, having on board Gvueral Robas, his
daughter. and other fugitives. The party lauded early
this morving at ►belly's Greenbank Hotel, and afterwards
drove into the country on an excursion. They visited
Carclew, the seat of Sir Charles lemon, Bart.,
but the Hon. Bironot had left two hours previously.
If the wind ha favourable, the Conflict will probably
!cave to-morrow morning for Portsmouth, with her
:ers

,sseni

THE DUCHESS or NORTHUMBERLAND'S ASSEMBLY
--On Saturday evening their Graces the Duke and Duchess
of Northumberland entertained a distinguished circle of the
aristocracy to dinner, at Northumberland House. The
guests upon this occasion comprised the Duke and Duchess
of Norfolk, the Duke and Duchess of Argyll, the Duchess
of Sutherland and Lady Constance Leveson Gower, the
Marquis and Marchioness of Kildare, the Marquis and Mar-
ctVoness of Stafford, the Earl of Grosvenor, the Earl and
Countess of Macclesfield, the Earl and Countess of Wilton,
the ..Earl and Countess of Ellesmere, the Earl of Arundel,
Lord and Lady Blantyre, Lord and Lady Foley, Lord and
Lady .Leigh, Lord Edward Howard, Lord and Lady Robert
Grosva nor, and the Hon. Captain Pelham, R.N. Later in
the eves sing the Duchess had an assembly, which was at-
tended LT a select party of the aristocracy and beau asonde.
His Grac..a the Duke of Wellington was among the earliest
arrivals, and remained till near midnight.
THE FOST• OFFICE —We have been at some pains
to compile a little return of our own that will interest our
readers. It is a return of the number of cities or towns in
Great Britain and Ireland in 1851 contributing more than
10,0001. to tile revenue of the Post-office. Thirteen places,
it will be seen—of which ten are in England, two in Scot-
land, and one in Ireland—contribute more than 10,0001. We
place them in t.`te order of importance in which they are
viewed by Mr. Rowland Hill :
London £9„13,663 17 10j Bristol ..........£25;115 7 2
Liverpool 7.5,926 641 Leeds 16,932 910
15,496 16 8
Manchester.. 60,070 13 9; Hull
Dublin .. . 47,466 18 4,
...
10,408 3 9
Newcastle...... 14,441 0 11
Glasgow
Edinburgh ... 42,623 2 7;Sheffield .....
Birmingham 28,805 6 3
The two most curious points elicited by this
return
Manchesh are, ter
monster greatness of London over Liverpool and te
and the quantity of letter-writing that
i
s going on among
old ladies and retired officers at Bath.—Athenaum.
j Tbe Royal Exhibition.—A
[ADVERTISEMENT. --
valuable, newly-invented, very small powerful waistcoat
pocket glass, the size of a walnut, by which a person can be
seen and known lk miles distant; the answer every purpose
y
on the Race-course, at the Opera-houses ; country scenery
and ships are clearly seen at 12 to 14 miles; they are invaluable
for shooting, deer stalking, yachting, to Sportsmen,
Gentlemen,Gamekeepers, and Tounsts. Te be had at Messrs.
S. and R. Solomons, Opticians, 39, Albemarle-street, Picca-
dilly, opposite the York-hotel. Telescopes—A new and most
important invention in Telescopes, possessing such extra-
ordinary powers, that some, 3k inches, with an extra eye piece,
will show distinctly, Jupiter's Moons, Saturn's Ring, and the
s3tikpmevisleeds : i setvaen ty,
Double Stars. With the same Telescope, weighing only three
ounces, can be seen a person's countenance
and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They
other kind for the waistcoat pocket, and areoofpleraargaenrd
powers ; "d allr
sizes, with increasing powers accordingly,
i‘aniesosbrjsecst. can be
Race-
course glasses, with wonderful
clearly seen from 14 to 16 miles distant. and B.
Solomon., Opticians, have invented invaluable. preserving
Spectacle Lenses, immediately they are placed before impel...
feet vision, every object appears clear and distinct, the most
age youthful, sight becomes bright and brilliant, is brought to
its natural, and original stat . The Invisible Or-
ganic Vibrator, and all kinds of Acoustice instr,umpeicnetasdfiollry,reolipe!
Albermarle- street of extreme deafness.-39,
posite the York Hotel.
THE CRYSTAL PALACE.-011 Saturday a meeting
of the parishioners of Brom ton was held in the Parochial
National School. rooms to considerP the expediency of retain-
ing the Crystal Palace in Hyde
park,
into a receptacle for a winter garden. After several gentle-
men had addressed those assembled, resolutions were passed
for taking measures to retain the li
Parliament, and for obtaining
petition for forwarding the objects
the' signatures of the inhabi-
eilding,
for memorialising
tents of Brompton to a
desired. and of converting it

THE Fox CLUB.--The third meeting of the Fox
Club this season was held at Brooks' on Saturday evening.
There were . present—the Right lion. Earl of Albemarle,
Right Hon. Dr. Lushington, Right Hon. Lord Rutherford,
Right lion. Earl of Straiford. Right Hon. Sir itobert Adair,
Sir Robert Throckmorton, Right Hon. Earl of Gosford,
Right Hon. J. W. Fitzpatrick, Right Hon. Lord
Marcus Hill, iil.P., Mr. 11. F. Stephenson, Hon.
Hamilton Duncan, Mr. A. K. Stephenson, Mr. Rowland
Alston, lion. E. L. Mostyn, M.P.. Sir George R. Philips.
M.P., Right Hon. Lord Saye and Sele, Right Hon. Lord
Cremorne, Sir W. Gibson Craig, M.P., Hon. Edward Coke,
M.P., Sir 11. Ferguson Davie, M.P., Right lion. Lord De
Manley, Mr. Edward Ellice, jun., M.P., Colonel the Hon.
Robert Boyle, M.P., Hon. Ricliaid Watson, Sir J. Montague
Cheltneley, M.P., Mr. A. W. Robarts.
DROUGHT AT MANCHESTER —A drought of extra-
ordinary continuance is exposing the inhabitants of the
suburban Manchester townships to great inconveniences for
e
want of water. The corporation supply from the new
ewoarvke
having faded to some extent, the waterworks committeh
had to purchase 200,000,000 gallons from the Manchester,
sbp.yit
Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Railway Company-, wboe P A
from their Peak Forest canal reservoirs. Thep t
large quantity is 1,500/. All the rain
long been exhausted, and there are family
they can with difficulty procure enoug_pc.of
rain . for tuts
destitute that
h ite meet household
' requirements. Less than 3-10ths of an
ini
oubos.
within the districtAuring the last tw has fallen
:wa ebrPcriscterns have

AUSTRALIAN G OLD.
By the Bank Return of April 10th, it appears that
the stock of Bullion in both departments of the Bank
was 19,245,2991., being a decrease of 351,2021. Tbis
circumstance is thus referred to in the City article of
I the Times :

" The amount of coin taken for shipment to Australia
during the past fortnight has been very large, consequent
upon the iufeliigeoca that the price of gold-dust bad
fallen to 575. per ounce at Melbourne, and to 60s. per
ounce at Sydney. This circumstance, coupled with the
payment of the dividends, has led to a considerable de-
crease in the Bank bullion, which shows itself this week
to the extent of 351,202 L, and which will also probably
affect the next return."

Our readers who have heard of the absurdity
of "sending coals to Newcastle," may perhaps
at the firil sight of this be surprised at hearing
of gold being just now sent to Australia. But
a little consideration will show why sovereigns
coined at the ra'e of 3/. 17s. 10d. an ounce, are
sent out to a country where gold is selling, we are
told, at from 575. to 60s. an ounce. A sovereign in
England, and in all our foreign dependencies, and in-
or.d throughout the commercial world, has an artifi-
vial value Riven► to it. Gold-dust is at its natural
value et Ak•ibuurne and Sydney. In conseqtonce of
the increase in the quantity discovered, and therefore
in the supply, the price has declined. But a coi.led
ounce of gold retains its artificial price : it is kgal
tender for ad.btof 31 17s. 10id. The digger will,
therefore, exchange his gold dust for a bit of gold of
considerably less intrinsic value, because that whici, he
obtains is nut only gold but money. He will be
equiilly ready to part with the" precious metal" fur
a bit of paper of no intrinsic value whatever, be-
cause be knows that such paper has an accredited
value, and is convertible into food, raiment, lodging,
and the necessaries and comforts of life, with the
greatest facility. Thus we read of the banks in
Melbourne and Sydney sending notes up to the dig-
gers to purchase gold dust. It would have been
well for mankind—well for this country of England
—if that very intelligible idea which the acumen of
Bishop Berkeley enunciated long ago, when he asked
" whether the true idea of money, as such, be not
altogether that of a ticket or counter ?" had taken
possession of the national intellect. Gold mines,
copper mines, or silver mines would, without
doubt, on their discovery, increase the trading
capital of Australia and promote its wealth.
But can we fail to see that if the " ticket or
counter " be formed of paper, or some valueless
commodity, the whole of this newly acquired capital
may be applied as an article of commerce, in foreign
trade, while the " ticket or counter" is discharging the
function of money in the colony ? And again, as the
wealth and population of Australia increase, it will of
course require more "tickets and counters" to carry
on their trade, and exchange commodities. But
if they retain gold counters, who can insure
the increase of gold in proportionate quan-
tities? But you may insure the increase of a
paper circulation to the exact amount adequate
to the requirements of the country. Now what
(let us say it with due respect to the
national intellect)—" what is sauce for the Aus-
tralian goose, is sauce for the British gander."
Let us hope that these gold discoveries, which
Providence in commiseration of man's ignorant and
infatuated worship of the " precious metals " has
brought about, will open our eyes to the true use and
value of silver and of gold. Useful and pleasant they
are as articles for man's service, and, as the Jews
applied them, for "tinkling ornaments" for the young
and fair. But as Locke said, " gold is not fit to be
a nation's money." It is not the money of commerce,
of progress, of civilised man. It has had its day.
Let us turn to a monetary system adapted to the days
in which we live. A representative money system,
based on sound philosophy, approved by science, and
carf.ying with it elements conducive to the prosperity
of Millions of the working classes, and to the moral
development of the nation's greatness.—Derbyshire
Courier.

THE CURRENCY.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE " DERBYSHIRE COURIER."

Chesterfi:ld, April 22, 1852.
Sir,—As your valuable journal has so lorg taken the
first rank, and with so much talent and assiduity, as an
advocate fur a change in the curreney-laws of this
kingdom, I beg to enclose an appeal made to both
Houses of Parliament by the father of the late la-
mented Premier, Sir Robert Peel.
The argument appears to be so plain and so convincing,
it may, perhaps, induce your numerous readers to turn
their attention more generally to the subject, which ap-
pears to be of such paramount importance to the pros-
perity of the country at large.
I remain, Sir, yours truly,

NE N°.

SIR ROBERT PEEL.

TO THE MEMBERS OF BOTH HOUSES OP PARLIAMENT.

My Lords and Gentlemen,—Will you permit an old
man to address you on the subject of our currency? I
sat in Parliament thirty years, durkg which time I fre-
quently heard this important question discussed in the
House by Mr. Pitt. Mr. Fox, and other distin-
guished characters. On the passing of the Bank Re-
striction Act, I was entrusted by the merchants aLd
citizens of London, to present their petition against the
measure. Though my opinions were embodied in that
case, my best endeavours to serve them were not sac-
cesstul. Having been long and extensively engaged in
commercial dealings, I often witnessed a national em-
barrassment arising from a defective and impure cur-
rency, which resembled the present stagnation in trade;
and I lament to observe, that suffering end experience
have failed, in this instance, of producing their usual
good effects. In the enlarged scale of business, carried
on by this country, embracing a great variety of pur-
suits, a reliance on a metallic circulation alone ever slid,
and ever will, fail us. Gold, though in itself massy,
often disappears in consequence of war, or speculation;
nay, the breath of rumour itself is sufficient to disperse
it. Our domestic concerns are interrupted and confi-
dence lost, for want of an ample and approved medium
of traffic.
I am no friend to an unrestrained issue of paper
money, and saw with concern, in the absence of a due
quantity of specie, b lls admitted into circulation issued
by persons of respectability, possessing property, but
evidently unable to meet a sudden and large demand
upon thorn. More than two years ago I mentioned to
a friend high in his Majesty'e councils my fears of the
mischief likely to ensue if the practice were not discon-
tinued; accompanied with a suggestion to confine future
issues of paper money, or tokens, to the Bank of England
and other competent bodies of men, who would give se-
curity in land, the public funds, canals, buildings,
other tangible property ; amounting, at least, to one-
half of the value of their bills or tokens in circulation.
My proposition was not favoured with any notice,
bad it been adopted lam of opinion that moat of the
panic and distress now so severely
vaealyfeillatbilne, gold would
the would
have been avoided. If such an improvement in the
banking system could be glade
be-
come less requisite, and the country be suppliewith
stationary medium of exchange originating with our-
oncewould
cr
oesl.
enemies
The
State in war, Mr.
our-
selves.
Whilst directing the energies of the
Pitt evinced equal abiliatrnyedsidiscovering, improving, and
he
entertainedwar drained
san-
guine the
country fo our internalspecie,
pecuniary means than usooner be effected by
wearlqt rionyf
hopes that our ruin
the want of courage, dine
cipline, and conduct in our armies. Mr. Pitt was more
than a match for all contingencies. With the aid of the
Bank of England and
of Great Britain were other opulent houses, the energies
maintained
fpeper
moneyn
the importance and utility o
established. Ingenious ifull activity,
were
machines were introduced into
our manufactures
, and the encouragement and protec-
tion afforded them greatly increased the demand for our
goods at home and abroad.
toOuor superioritil at sea g
the
wealth derived from trade andcirmmmearrceeand
(though to
some persons it may appear paradoxical) more than co-
vered the whole expenses of the war. When the Mi-
nister had recourse to loans they were speedily raised
by British capitalists, and the increase of the public debt
was due from ourselves to ourselves, and resolved itself
into a family account without impairing the national
property. Mr. Pitt having succeeded in securing peace
and independence to the empire, whilst devoting his sole
attention to the affairs of the public, suffered his own to
be very much embarrassed. Many of his friends wished
to extricate him from his difficulties, and requested me
to learn from Mr. Rose in what way he could best re-
lieve him. His reply was, " Mr. Pitt is the most unac-
countable of human beings, and will prefer living in •
garret to being indebted to the bounty of his friends."
Though disappointed, the opinion I had long enter-
tained of this able Minister's high character was nc4
diminished.
The present panic and distress in the country have
been declared by high authority to proceed from " over-
trading," and will speeulation.' Infant nations and
establishments are liable to miscarry from want of e
perience and solidity.
Trading and speculation being natives of this island
and parents of our wealth and independence, are surely
exemptirom such an imputation. The same aut
has declared that " gold and paper money are r"
patible with each other, and cannot exist together.
The population and trade of the empire haveintegediout
much increased, a proportionate increase in t
-P found
in-
of circulation is called for; and when gold
which, xf
sufficient, recourse must be made to paperteid,
the two,
improved on the principle already
"ggesocket without
substances would be found in the same P
disunion. ameliorated, I trust the
Anxious to see our situation .
d without changing or MOW.,
c. urre,ncy maY anwndc I character; which Metiticire°
ihg ortt:onal eommetciabl
o policy of diverging
if resorted to. would resemble
that had
from its course a powerful river. long given ter.
b vpiuess to a large district, merely because
alit)" and ' • had sometimes
from execssiy,, nuns, it exceeded its LIII-
produced partial injury.
Loral Junin., and
am, my Lords and Gentlemen,
Your faithful and obedient servant,
ROBERT PEEL.

Drayton Manor, March S.

We hear that the Right Hon. Sir Stratford Can-
ning, Ambassador at Constantinople, is to be raised to the
peerage the title of "Vi: count Stratford de Redcliffe, of
Redchffe, in the county of Somerset.—Herald.
The Earl of Cawdor is to be appointed Lord-Lieu•
tenant of
dectand. Carnaarthenshire, in the room of Lord DPI"