The Sun.
London, England, 1852-12-21 00:00:00

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frau,
" I would also again call your attention to the fact that
the present tariff in some cases impose'', higher duty upon
the raw material imported than upon the article manufac-
tured from it, the consequence of which is that the duty
operates to the encouragement of the foreigner and the dis-
couragement of our own citizens.
" For full and detailed information in regard to the ge-
neral condition of our Indian affairs I respectfully refer
you to the report of the Secretary of the Interior and the
accompanying documents.
"The Senate not having thought proper to ratify the
treaties which had been negotiated with the tribes of
occupation
In-
dians in California and Oregon, our relations with them
have been left in a very unsatisfactory condition.
"In other parts of our territory particular districts of
country have been set apart for the exclusive
the Indians ; and their right to the lands within those
limits has been acknowledged and respected. But in Cali-
fornia and Oregon there has been no recognition by the
o f
Government of the exclusive right of the Indians to any
pare of the country. They are therefore mere tenants-at-
sufferance, and liable to be driven from place to
place, at
the,,Vresurtreeatoifes which thewhites.
have
been
rejected
proposed
tore.
medy this evil by allotting to the different tribes districts
of country suitable to their habits of life, and sufficient for
their support. This pmviston, more than any other, it is
believed, led to their rejection ; and, as no substitute for
it has been adopted by Congress, it has not been deemed
advisable to attempt to enter into new treaties of a perma-
nent character, although no effort has been spared by tem-
porary arrangements to preserve friendly relations with
them.
" If it be the desire of Congress to remove them from
the country altogether, or to assign to them particular
districts more remote from the settlements of the whites,
it will be proper to set apart by law the territory which
they are to occupy, and to provide the means necessary to
remove to it. Justice alike to our citizens and to the
Indians requires the prompt action of Congress on this
subject.
"The amendments proposed by the Senate to the treaties
which were negotiated with the Sioux Indians of Minesota
have been submitted to the tribes who were parties to
them, and have received their assent. A large tract of
valuable territory has thus been opened for settlement and
cultivation, and all danger of collision with these power-
ful and warklike bands has been happily removed.
" The removal of the remnant of the tribe of Seminole
Indians from Florida has long been a cherished object of
the Government, and it is one to which my attention has
been steadily directed. Admonished by past experience
of the difficulty and cost of the attempts to remove them
by military force, resort has been had to conciliatory.
measures. By the invitation of the Commissioner of In-
dian Affairs, several of the principal chiefs recently visited
Washington, and, while here, acknowledged in writing the
obligation of their tribe to remove with the least possible
delay. Late advices from the special agent of the Go-
vernment represents that they adhere to their promise, and
that a council of their people has been called to make their
preliminary arrangements. A general emigration may,
therefore, be confidently expected at an early day.
" The report from the General Land-office, shows in-
creased activity in its operations. The survey of the
northern boundary of lowa has been completed with unex-
ampled dispatch. Within the last year 9,522,953 acres of
public land have been surveyed, and 8,032,463 acres brought
into market :

[PRICE 5D .

and to establish the important port of San Juan de Nica-
ragua under the Government of a civilised power. The pro-
position in question was assented to by Costa Rica and the
Mosquito Indians. It has not proved equally acceptable to
Nicaragua, but it is to be hoped that the further negotia-
tions on that subject which are in train will be carried on
in that spirit of conciliation and compromise which ought
always to prevail on such occasions, and that they will lead
to a satisfactory result.
" I have the satisfaction to inform you that the Execu-
tive Government of Venezuela has acknowledged some
claims of citizens of the United States, which have for
many years past been urged by our Charge d'Affaires at
Caraccas. It is hoped that the same sense of justice will
actuate the Congress of that Republic in providing the
means for their payment.
" The recent revolution in Buenos Ayres and the confe-
derated States having opened the prospect of an improved
state of things in that quarter, the Governments of Great
Britain and France determined to negotiate with the chief
of the new confederacy for the free access of their commerce
to the extensive countries watered by the tributaries of
the Plata ; and they gave a friendly notice of this purpose
to the United States, that we might, if we thought proper,
pursue the same course. In compliance with the invita-
tion, our Minister at Rio Janeiro and our Chargé d'Affaires
at Buenos Ayres have been fully authorised to conclude
treaties with the newly-organised Confederation, or the
States composing it. The delays which have taken place
in the formation of the new Government have as yet pre-
vented the execution of those instructions • but there is
every reason to hope that these vast countries will be
eventually opened to our commerce.
" A treaty of commerce has been concluded between the
United States and the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay,
which will be laid before the Senate. Should this conven-
tion go into operation, it will open to the commercial en-
terprise of our citizens a country of great extent and
unsurpassed in natural resources, but from which foreign
nations have hitherto been almost wholly excluded.
"The correspondence of the late Secretary of State with
the Peruvian Chargé d'Affaires relative to the Lobos
Islands was communicated to Congress towards the close of
the last session. Since that time, on further investigation
of the subject, the doubts which had been entertained of
the title of Peru to those islands have been removed ; and
I have deemed it just that the temporary wrong which had
been unintentionally done her, from want of infbrrnation,
should be repaired by an unreserved acknowledgment of
her sovereignty.
" I have the satisfaction to inform you that the course
pursued by Peru has been creditable to the liberality of
her Government. Before it was known by her that her
title would be acknowledged at Washington, her Minister
for Foreign Affairs had authorized our Charge d'Affaires at
Lima to announce to the American vessels which had gone
to the Lobos for guano that the Peruvian Government was
willing to freight them on its own account. This intention
has been carried into effect by the Peruvian Minister here,
by an arrangement which is believed to be advantageous to
the parties in interest.
" Our settlements on the shores of the Pacific have
already given a great extension, and in some respects a
new direction, to our commerce in that ocean. A direct
and rapidly-increasing intercourse has sprung up with
Eastern Asia. The waters of the Northern Pacific, even
into the Arctic Sea, have of late years been frequented by
our whalemen. The application of steam to the general
purposes of navigation is becoming daily more common,
and makes it desirable to obtain fuel and other necessary
supplies at convenient points on the route between Asia
and our Pacific shores. Our unfortunate countrymen who
from time to time suffer shipwreck on the coasts of the eastern
seas are entitled to protection. Besides these specific ob-
jects, the general prosperity of our States on the Pacific
requires that an attempt should be made to open the oppo-
site regions of Asia to a mutually beneficial intercourse.
It is obvious that this attempt could be made by no Power
to so great advantage as by the United States, whose con-
stitutional system excludes every idea of distant colonial
dependencies. I have accordingly been led to order an
appropriate naval force to Japan, under the command
of a discreet and intelligent officer of the highest rank
known to our service. He is instructed to endeavour to
obtain from the Government of that country some relaxa-
tion of the inhospitable and anti-social system which it has
pursued for about two centuries. He has been directed
particularly to remonstrate, in the strongest language,
agains the cruel treatment to which our shipwrecked ma-
riners have often been subjected, and to insist that they
shall be treated with humanity. He is instructed, how-
ever, at the same time, to give that Government the
amplest assurances that the objects of the United States
are such and such only as I have indicated, and that the
expedition is friendly and peaceful. Notwithstanding the
jealousy with which the Governments of Eastern Asia re-
gard all overtures from foreigners, I am not without hopes
of a beneficial result to the expedition. Should it be
crowned with success, the advantage will not be confined
to the United States, but, as in the case of China, will be
equally enjoyed by all the other maritime Powers. I have
much satisfaction in stating that in all the steps prepara-
tory to this expedition the Government of the United
States has been materially aided by the good offices of the
King of the Netherlands, the only European Power having
any commercial relations with Japan.
"In passing from this survey of our foreign relations, I
invite the attention of Congress to the condition of that
department of the Government to which this branch of the
public business is intrusted. Our intercourse with foreign
Powers has of late years greatly increased, both in conse-
quence of our own growth and the introduction of many
new States into the family of nations. In this way the
department of State has become overburdened. It has, by
the recent establishment of the Department of the Interior,
been relieved of some portion of the domestic business. If
the residue of the business of that kind, such as tho distri-
bution of Congressional documents, the keeping, publish-
ing, and distribution of the laws of the United States, the
execution of the copyright law, the subject of reprieves
and pardons, and some other subjects relating to interior
administration, should be transferred from the Depart-
ment of State, it would unquestionably be for the bene-
fit of the public service. I would also suggest that the
building appropriated to the State Department is not fire-
proof ; that there is reason to think there are defects in its
construction, and that the archives of the Government in
charge of the department, with the precious collections of
the manuscript papers of Washington, Jefferson, Hamil-
ton, Madison, and Monroe, are exposed to destruction by
fire. A similar remark may be made of the buildings ap-
propriated to the war and navy departments.
" The condition of the Treasury is exhibited in the an-
nual report from that department.
"The cash receipts into the Treasury for the fiscal year
ending the 30th of June last, exclusive of trust funds,
were $49,728,386 89e., and the expenditures for the same
period, likewise exclusive of trust funds, were $46,007,896
29c.; of which $9,455,815 83c. was on account of the prin-
cipal and interest of the public debt, including the last in-
stalment of the indemnity to Mexico, under the treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo, leaving a balance of $14,632,136 37c.
in the Treasury on the Ist day of July last. Since this
latter period further purchases of the principal of the pub-
lic debt have been made to the extent of $2,456,547 49e.,
and the surplus in the Treasury will continue to be ap-
plied to that object, whenever the stock can be procured
within the limits, as to price, authorised by law.
"The value of foreign merchandise imported during the
last fiscal year was $207,240,101, and the value of domestic
productions exported was $149,861,911, besides $17,204,026
of foreign merchandise exported, making the aggregate of
the entire exports $167,065,937 ; exclusive of the above,
there was exported $45,507,285 in specie ; and imported
from foreign ports $5,262,643.
" In my first annual message to Congress I called your
attention to what seemed to me some defects in the present
tariff, and recommended such modifications as in my judg-
ment were best adapted to remedy its evils and promote
the prosperity of the country. Nothing has since occurred
to change my views on this important question.
" Without repeating the arguments contained in my
former message in favour of discriminating protective
duties, I deem it my duty to call your attention to one or
two other considerations affecting this subject. The
first is, the effect of large importations of foreign goods
upon our currency. Most of the gold of California, as
fast as it is coined, finds its way directly to Europe in pay-
ment for goods purchased. In the second place, as our
manufacturing establishments are broken down by
lost ;
compe-
tition with foreigners, the capital invested in them is
thousands of honest and industrious citizens are thrown out
of a home market for the sale of his surplu p •of employment, and the farmer to that extsentroisdudceeprivledn
the third place, the destruction of our manufactures leaves
the foreigner without competition in our market, and he
consequently raises the price of the article sent here for
sale, as is now seen in the increased cost of iron imported
from England. The prosperity and wealth of every nation
must depend upon its productive industry. The farmer is
stimulated to exertion by finding a ready market for his
surplus products, and benefited by being able to exchange
them, without loss of time or expense of transportation, for
the manufactures which his comfort or convenience requires.
This is always done to the best advantage where a portion
of the community in which he lives is engaged in other pur-
suits. But most manufactures require an amount of capital
and a practical skill which cannot be commanded unless they
be protected for a time from ruinous competition from
abroad. Hence the necessity of laying those duties upon
imported goods which the constitution authorises for re-
venue, in such a manner as to protect and encourage the
labour of our own citizens. Duties, however, should not be
fixed at a rate so high as to exclude the foreign article, but
should be graduated as to enable the domestic manufac-
turer fairly to compete with the foreigner in our own
markets, and by this competition to reduce the price of
the manufactured article to the consumer to the lowest rate
at which it can be produced. This policy would place the
mechanic by the side of the farmer create a mutual inter-
change of their respective commodities, and thus stimulate
the industry. of the whole country, and render us indepen-
dent of foreign nations for the supplies required by the
habits or necessities of the people.
" Another question, wholly independent of protection,
presents itself, and that is, whether the duties levied
should be upon the value f the article at the place of
shipment, or, where it is practicable, a specific duty,
grweaidguhatteordmaccording
Altnl ourcludaunttiietsy'are"at paarecseert4iadedtat
valo-
rem.
goods
atA tchertepoainrtpoefrshciepnmtaegnet
hunt
blrY.for the
iisnleaviereioen the rice ofm. tohset
commercial nations have found it indispensa e,
ernthve duties
value in
spurposepe c ofpreventing
weight or measure as to justify such 1‘ duty.
.egis a
.1 l
the farrtauicdleanids oPrjsuu:liT'ati°mlnifakor
that the revenue officers at the port where the goods are
should never encourage dishonesty or crime. It is impossib e
entered and the duties paid, should know with certainty
what they cost in the foreign country. Yet the law
quires that that they should levy the duty according to such
what that cost was.
unsatisfactory, evidence to ascertain
cost. They are, therefore, compelled to resort to very
They take the invoice of the importer, attested by his oath,
the asbest evidence of which the nature of the case admits.
But every one must see that the invoice may be fabricated,
and the oath by which it is supported false, by reason
of which the dishonest importer pays a part only of
the duties which are paid by the honest one, and thus
indirectly receives from the Treasury of the United
States a reward for his fraud and perjury-. The re-
ports of the Secretary of the Treasury heretofore made on
this subject show conclusively that these frauds have been
practised to a great extent. The tendency is to destroy
that high moral character for which our merchants have
long been distinguished, to defraud the Government of its
revenue, to break down the honest importer by a dishonest

Acres.
In the last fiscal year there were sold 1,553,071
Located with bounty land warrants 3,201,314
Located with other certificates 115,682

4,870,067

Making a total of.
" In addition, there were :
Reported under swamp land grants 5,219,188
For internal improvements, railroads, &c 3,025,920

Making an aggregate of 13,115,175
Being an increase in the amount of lands sold and located
under land warrants of 569,220 acres over the previous
year.
" The whole amount thus sold, located under land war-
rants, reported under swamp land grants, and selected for
internal improvements, exceeds that of the previous year
by 3,342,372 acres : and the sales would, without doubt,
have been much larger but for the extensive reservations
for railroads in Missouri, Mississippi, and Alabama.
For the quarter ending Sept. 30, 1852, Acres.
there were sold ... ... 243,255
Located with bounty land warrants ... 1,387,116
Located with other certificates ... 15,649
Reported under swamp land grants ... 2,485,233

Making an aggregate for the quarter of 4,131,253
" Much the larger portion of the labour of arranging and
classifying the returns of the last census has been finished,
and it will now devolve upon Congress to make the neces-
sary provision for the publication of the results in such
form as shall be deemed best. • The apportionment of re-
presentation, on the basis of the new census, has been
made by the Secretary of the Interior, in conformity with
the provisions of the law relating to that subject, and the
recent elections have been made in accordance with it.
" I commend to your favourable regard the suggestion
contained in the report of the Secretary of the Interior,
that provision be made by law for the publication and dis-
tribution, periodically, of an analytical digest of all the
patents which have been, or may hereafter be, granted for
useful inventions and discoveries, with such descriptions
and illustrations as may be necessary to present an intelli-
gible view of their nature and operation. The cost of such
publication could easily be defrayed out of the patent fund,
and I am persuaded that it could be applied to no object
more acceptable to inventors and beneficial to the public at

large.
" An appropriation of mow dole. having been made
at the last session for the purchase of a suitable site, and
for the erection, furnishing, and fitting up of an asylum
for the insane of the district of Columbia, and of the army
and navy of the United States, the proper measures have
been adopted to carry this beneficent purpose into effect.
" By the latest advices from the Mexican Boundary Com-
mission it appears that the survey of the river Gila, from
its confluence with the Colorado to its supposed intersec-
tion with the western line of New Mexico, his been com•
pleted. The survey of the Rio Grande has also been finished
from the point agreed on by the commissioners as ' the
point where it strikes the southern boundary of New
Mexico,' to a point 135 miles below Eagle Pass, which is
about two-thirds of the distance along the course of the
river to its mouth.
"The appropriation which was made at the last session
of Congress for the continuation of the survey is subject to
the following proviso :
" ‘ Provided,—That no part of this appropriation shall
be used or expended until it shall be made satisfactorily to
appear to the President of the United States that the
southern boundary of New Mexico is not established by the
commissioner and surveyor of the United States further
north of the town called ' Paso' than the same is laid down
in Disturnell's map, which is added to the treaty.'
" My attention was drawn to this subject by a report from
the Department of the Interior, which reviewed all the
facts of the case, and submitted for my decision the ques-
tion whether, under existing circumstances, any part of the
appropriation could be lawfully used or expended for the
further prosecution of the work. After a careful conside-
ration of the subject, I came to the conclusion that it
could not, and so informed the head of that department.
Orders were immediately issued by him to the com-
missioner and surveyor to make no further requisitions on
the department, as they could not be paid ; and to discon-
tinue all operations on the southern line of New Mexico.
But, as the department had no exact information as to
the amount of provisions and money whichremained unex-
pended in the hands of the commissioner and surveyor, it
was left discretionary with them to continue the survey
down the Rio Grande as far as the means at their disposal
would enable them, or at once to disband the commission.
A special messenger has since arrived from the officer in
charge of the survey of the river with information that the
funds subject to his control were exhausted, and that the
officers and others employed in the service were destitite
alike of the means of prosecuting the work and of returning
to their homes.
"The object of the proviso was, doubtless to arrest the
survey of the southern and western lines of New Mexico, in
regard to which different opinions have been expres sT:I ; for
it is hardly to be sapposedthat there could be any objection
il to that part of the line which extends along the channel of
the Rio Grande. But the terms of the law are so broad as
to forbid the use of any part of the money for the prosecu-
tion of the work, or even for the payment to the officers
and agents of the arrears of pay which aro justly due to
them.
' I earnestly invite your prompt attention to this sub-
ject, and recommend a modification of the terms of the
proviso, so as to enable the department to use as much of
the appropriation as will be necessary to discharge the ex-
isting obligations of the Government, and to complete the
survey of the Rio Grande to its mouth.
" It will also be proper to make further provision by law
for the fulfilment of our treaty with Mexico for running
and marking the,residue of the boundary line between the
two countries.
" Permit me to invite your particular attention to the
interests of the district of Columbia, which are confided by
the constitution to your peculiar care.
" Among the measures which seem to me of the greatest
importance to its prosperity are the introduction of a co-
pious supply of water into the city of Washington, and the
construction of suitable bridges across the tom the
the early
part of the present year.
" At the last session of Congress an appropriation was
made to defray the cost of the survey s necessary for deter-
mining the best means of affording an unfailing supply of
good and wholesome water.' Some progress has been made
in the survey, and, as soon as it is completed, the result
will be laid before you.
"Further appropriations will also be necessary for
grading and paving the streets and avenues, and indosing
and embellishing the public grounds within the city of
Washington.
"I commend all these objects, together with the cha-
ritable institutions of the district, to your favourable re-

Bard.
" Every effort has been made to protect our frontier,
and that of the adjoining Mexican States, from the incur-
slows of the Indian tribes. Of about 11,000 men of whisk
tits army is composed, nearly 8,000 are employed in the
defence of the newly-acquired territory (including Texas),
and of emigrants proceeding thereto. I am gratified to
say that these efforts have been unusually
successful.
With the exception of some partial outbreaks in California
and Oregon, and occasional depredations on a portion of
the Rio Grande, owing, it is believed, to the disturbed
state of that border region, the inroads of the Indians have
been effectually restrained.
" Experience has shown, however, that whenever the
two races are brought into contact collisions will inevitably
occur. To prevent these collisions the United States hve
generally set apart portions of their territory for the exclu-
sive occupation of the Indian tribes. A difficulty occurs,
however, in the application of this policy to Texas. By
the terms of the compact by which that State was ad-
mitted into the Union, she retained the ownership of all
the vacant lands within her limits. The Government of
that State, it is understood, has assigned no portion of her
territory to the Indians, but as fast as her settlements ad-
vance lays it off into counties, and proceeds to survey and
sell it. This policy manifestly tends not only to harm and,
irritate the Indians, but to compel them to resort to plun-
der for subsistence. It also deprives this Government of
that influence and control over them without which no
durable peace can ever subsist between them and the whites.
I trust, therefore, that a due regard for her own interests,
apart from considerations of humanity and justice, will
induce that State to assign a small portion of her vast do-
main for the provisional occupancy of the small remnants
of tribes within her borders, subject of course to her
ownership and eventual jurisdiction. If she should fail to
do this the fulfilment of our treaty stipulations with
Mexico, and our duty to the Indiana theniaelvee, ITill, it is