The Sun.
London, England, 1864-10-12 00:00:00

OPENING MEETING.

The Bishop of GLOUCESTER and BRISTOL presided in the
section No. 1, and after offering up prayers delivered a brief
inaugural address, observing that the congress had been so
ably and eloquently inaugurated by the sermon preached in
the cathedral that morning that ho had little to add to what
had been so well said by the Dean of Ely. Having laid down
certain rules which he proposed to enforce for the regulation
of the discussions, he said he hoped as little interruption as
possible would be given by marks of approbation, and that
disapprobation would be shown not by audible sound but by
silence on the part of the auditory.

INCREASE OF THE EPISCOPATE.

The Rev. Canon KENNAWAY read a paper on this sub-
ject'. He urged that the increasing population of the coun-
try demanded that there should be au increase of the epis-
copate. Glancing at the history of the episcopacy he specially
regretted that the confirmation of the young was imperfectly
performed by reason of this deficiency, and urged that suf-
fragans might be appointed or dioceses subdivided.
The Rev. Prebendary MACKARNESS also read a short
paper on the same subject, urging the appointment of
suffragans, and suggesting that convocation might define
their duties.

The Rev. Prebendary BELCHER followed, and said no
help wasto be expected from the Government, who had re-
fused to consider the case of the Exeter diocese recently
brought before them.
Mr BERESPORD HOPE said that what he had argued at
Oxford and London on this subject traversed other ground,
but there was nothing in what he had advanced contradic-
tory to what had been put before the meeting by Canon
Kennaway and Prebendary Mackarness. He agreed with
Canon Kennaway that the see of London should not be
severed, but he would step on the cis ponteni side of the
river. Let them have a bishopric of Southwark at St.
Saviour's, and let them relieve the bishops from the slavery
of reading pray:rain the House of Lords, and depute the
duty to the officials of Westminster Abbey.
The Rev. J. W. BAMFIELD presented the case of our
sailors and marines. There were 376,000 men in our navy
and merchant service without a bishop over them. Was it
possible to extend episcopal p Aver to the sea?
The Rev. Mr. RAY hoped the subject would bo taken up
by some one competent to the task.
The Earl of HARROWBY said the difficulty to him in the
matter appeared to be, not to make out a case for the in-
crease of the episcopacy, but a good case against that in-
crease. A small number of bishops years ago were con-
sidered sufficient for a small population ; but with increased
population they wanted an increase of officers of the Church,
and, if they valued bishops at all, they must increase their
number according to the wants of the age. In a discussion
which had taken place in Parliament it had been said by
one of the speakers that the bishop of his diocese had not
more to do than he could do ; but what was wanting was
men who would find something to do. It had been said in
one of these discussions that a bishop, in answer to the
argument for an increase in their number in order to get
through the work,had said he had no correspondence to do;
whereas the fact turned out to be that he had been in
the habit of never replying to the letters addressed to him,
and consequently his correspondents ceased writing—Ca
laugh). It was a bishop's duty to make business in his
diocese by active superintendence of its affairs. He should
look round his diocese, see what was wanting to be done,
and do it. There were divers ways of carrying out the
idea of increasing the episcopate, and for his part he would
not say which was the preferable plan to adopt. He be-
lieved the object might be effected both by the plan of suf-
fragans and subdivision of dioceses. He had always said,
"Let each county have its bishop ;" and he thought ine-
quality of area was rather a recommendation to this plan
than not. What, for instance, could be more natural for a
retreat for the Bishop of Lawn, after his heavy labours,
than to retire on the Bishopric of Oakum? laugh.) He
hoped that his noble friend Lord Lyttelton, whom he saw
beside him, would not be disheartened by the difficulties
which he had met with in this matter, but that he would
set his shoulder to the wheel again in the House of Lords,
and then, no doubt, with a few more congresses like this,
they would be able to work against that apathy which had
hitherto prevailed.
The Rev. Mr BEAMAN recommended the adoption of a
petition to Parliament on the subject Irmo the present con-
gress ; and
The Right Rev, PRESIDENT, having briefly reviewed the

SYNODS OF THE CHURCH AND RURAL DEANS AND

DECANAL CHAPTERS.

These subjects were set down for the sectional meeting
in the small ball-room, which was filled to overfl9wing—
P. .S. Miles, Esq., presiding.
Prayers having been read by the Rev. J. T. Ludlow,

The CHAIRMAN said they could not expect on an occa-
sion like this, where all parties in 'the Church were repre-
Bente, that perfect unanimity would exist, but he did hope
that the different speakers would be listened to with atten-
tion, and that due regard would be paid to the remarks
they were pleased to make, and no disturbance ensue. He
called attention to the rule, which he thought of great im-
portance, that the duration of the speeches should be limited,
a rule, he thought, which would be very salutary on other
occasions as well as this. (Hear, hear.)
The Rev. Prebendary TnEvon then read a paper "On
Synods of the Church." He said that when the visible
Church of Christ was described in the 19th Article as a
congregation of faithful men, in which the pure Word
of God should be preached and the sacrament duly ad-
ministered, it implied the existence of a power to determine
what was requisite and reforming what was amiss ; while
the 25th Article held that the power to declare rites and
ceremonies resided in the Church itself, and not in any
extraneous authority. The Church was spoken of as a
corporate body, capable of doing right or wrong, and
responsible for its actions; but he contended that without
some kind of representative assembly this was impos-
sible. Such assemblies were to communities what con-
science was to individuals. They could never accept the
political assembly and the state tribunal in place of the
synod. In the earliest form of ecclesiastical government
the bishop possessed little authority apart from his clergy,
, and the diocesan synod was the most consistent element of
the Church. He adverted to the constitution of convoca-
tion, and said it had advanced as far as it could advance,
and was an imperfect mode of representation. He warmly
advocated the revival of diocesan synods, and argued that
an episcopate without a synod was not Scriptural. Ho
contended that diocesan assemblies should include all the
licensed priests of the diocese, and was about to point out
the importance of admitting the laity to the synods when
time was called by the chairman, and the rev. gentleman
had to resume his seat,

The Rev. T. Lathbury, of Bristol, followed, contending
that ecclesiastical matters could only properly be settled in
ecclesiastical assemblies. He contended that, in asking for
the revival of synodical action they were asking for nothing
new or nothing contrary to law.
The Rev. A. H. LEE next read a paper on the past and
present state of synodical action in Ireland.

The Rev. Dr PUSEY, who was greeted with lout cheers,
advocated the revival of synodical action, more especially in
view of the recent judgment of the Privy Council.
The Venerable Archdeacon Denison, the Rev. Keevil,
and the Right lion. J. Napier also spoke in favour of the
revival of synos.
The Arclr!eacon of ELY then read a piper on "Rural
Deans and Decanal Chapters," and was followed by the
Rev. Prebendary Mayne, and congress adjourned at five
o' clock.

HEALTH OF LONDON.

(From the Registrar- General's Report.)

f I" thel,26 3 wpe restokn :,haor ef
o id '
n 637" Saturday
were no the
deaths
oand 626
femilel, were registered in London. Ii the dea.lll
from epidemic cholera in the fortieth week of 1854
are excluded, it will b 3 found that the average
number of deaths in corresponding weeks of ten
years, 1864.63, was 1,085, and if this result be
corrected for increase of population, it becomes
1,193. The deaths registered last week are, there.
fore, 70 in excess of the estimated number.

Scarlatina was fatal to 80 persons ; in the pre.
vious week 95 deaths were recorded from this
disease; it prevails more especially in El;Ttford.
Seven deaths were caused by smallpox, 35 by
measles, 20 by diphtheria, and 55 by typhus.
regOisateerheudnd
)anrd nd forty
delBa4peforsronsdedaieths from
dfromopthhieli
ridsiis were
s
of the respiratory organs.
The wife of a carman, aged 65 years, died from
pemphigus. A photographer committed suicide by
taking cyanide of potassium.
Last week the births of 997 boys and 899 girls,

in all 1,896 children, were registe►e3 in London.
In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1854-
63 the average number (corrected) was 1,798.
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean
height of the barometer in the week was 30.043 in.
The barometrical reading was 30.19 in, on Monday,
and decreased to 29.90 on Wednesdays The mean

temperature of the air in the week was 49 7 deg.,
which is 3.0 deg. below the average of the same
week in 43 years (as determined by Mr. Glaisher).
The highest day temperature was 62.4 deg. on Fri-
day. The lowest night temperature was 37.5 deg.
on Thursday. The entire range of temperature in
the week was, therefore, 24.9 deg. The mean of
the highest temperatures of the water of the Themes
was 56.8 deg. ; that of the lowest was 51.6 deg.
The difference between the mean dew point tempe•
rature and air temperature was 9.2 deg. The
mean degree of humidity of the air was 71, com-
plete saturation being represented by 100. The
general direction of the wind was east and east-
north-east.
The births registered in Dublin during the week
ending Oct. 8 were 142 and the deaths were 82, in
a population of 254,808 (1861), spread over an area
of 3,808 statute acres.

18,008 persons died in London during the quarter
which ended on Saturday, Oct. 1. In the corre-
sponding quarters of the years 1860.63 the numbers
of the deaths registered were 12,916, 14,932, 15,133,
and 17,105 respectively. Zymotic diseases were
fatal to 6,421 persons, being more than a third part
of the total number ; in the same period of 1863 the
diseases classified under this head numbered 6,295.
Dutra Cal, as usual at this season, caused the greatest
mortality in this class, 2,080 persons dying from
this disease ; the east and south districts suffered
from it the most severely. Cholera was fatal to
130 persons, the majority being children. Small-pox
caused 140 deaths, a number which contrasts favour •
ably with that in the corresponding quarter of 1863,
when 512 lives were lost by this scourge of the hu-
man race. Measles exhibits a large increase, causing
855 deaths; in the same period of last year the num-
ber was 221. The east districts show the greatest
mortality from this disease ; it was particularly
fatal at Poplar, Bow, Mile-end-old-town West, and
in some parts of Bethnal-green. Scarlatina was par-
ticularly fatal at this season last year, causing 1,519
deaths; in the quarter now expired it caused 805
deaths; of this number 74 occurred in Westminster,
and 24 in the sub-district of Belgrave, St. George,
Hanover-square. Typhus carried off 980 persons,
and visited with much severity the east and south
districts of the metropolis.
Phthisis destroyed 1,933 lives. The numbers of
persons who died from this disease in the corre-
sponding quarters of 1860-63 were respectively
1,721, 1.765, 1,720, and 1,799. O:her diseases of
the respiratory organs proved fatal in 1,699 cases.
From diseases of the brain and nervous system 1,734

Major• Gen. Warde, C. 8., commanding at Wool-
wich, dtsirous of benefiting by the continuance of
weather favourable for outdoor military exercises,
yesterday assembled a large portion of the troops in
garrison on Bostol-heath and Plumstead-common,
consisting of two batteries of Horse Artillery, under
the command of Col. Price, C. 8.; two batteries of
the 4th brigade of Royal Artillery, under Col. An.
derson, C.B. ;' two batteries of the 21 division De•
pot, under Col. Middleton, C.B:; the brigade of
Royal Marine Light Infantry, in two battalions,
commanded by Col. Marriott and Capt. Bunce, and
in chief command of Col. Travers, C.B. ; the sth
Fusiliers, in command of Col. Master, C.B. ; one 40-
pounder battery, and a detachment of the Military
Train. They drew up at half-past 10 a.m. in two
strong forces, each occupying a favourable position
pointed out by Capt. Nangle, Deputy Assistant•
Quartermaster. General to the garrison. On the
firing of a signal gun, which was replied to by the
opposing force, the batteries were put in motion,
and a fierce cannonade commenced. The cavalry,
followed by the infantry attached to the attacking
force, made a gallant charge to capture the deep
ravine separating the two armies, and after consi-
derable resistance it was victoriously carried. The
proceedings represented as nearly as possible the
operations of real warfare, and were most interest..
ing, lasting without intermission about three hours.
The troops then returned to Woolwich-common,
headed by their respective bands of music. The
General and staff took up a position, and the whole
of the troops marched past, and were dismissed to
quarters, the General having previously expressed.
himself well satisfied with what had taken place.
Major-Gen. Lord William Paulet, C. 8., Lieut.-
Governor of Portsmouth and general officer in coma
mand of the district, yesterday inspected the 21st
Regiment of Infantry, now stationed in that garri-
son. The regiment in the morning was inspected
under arms on Southsea-common, and in the after-
noon in its quarters in Anglesea-barracks, Portses.
_ _

The War bapartment steamer Balaclava, Mr W.
Pellett commander, having shipped a full cargo of
guns, carriages, shot, platforms, &c., for Devonport
and Portsmouth, went down to the powder buoy off
Woolwich Arsenal yesterday, and took in the comet
plement of powder and ammunition for the supply
of her Majesty's iron steamship Achilles at Devon:it
port, Among her items of cargo the Balaclava
shipped the 300. pounder smooth-bore gun which
was injured iu the practice on board the gunnery
ship Excellent, and sent to Woolwich to be re-
sighted and repaired. Four other guns of the same
calibre, each having a rifled bore, are lying on the
shipping wharf in Woolwich Arsenal, and are
&stifled for her Mojesty's ship Scorpion.
The Urgent, screw troopship, the arrival of which
from Canada was announced in The Sun of yester•
day, left Portsmouth, on her outward voyage, on the
16th of August, and arrived at Quebec on the 6th
of September. She experienced a moderately fine .
passage, but with heavy fogs off the banks of New-
foundland. From the 6th to the 16th of September
was occupied in clearing up the ship, recziving the
baggage and troops, and otherwise preparing for
sea, the ship weighing her anchor again to come
mence her voyage homeward on the last-named
date. A course was laid for St. John, New
Brunswick, to up there with coal, and that
port was reached on the 21st, just in time to escape
a strong gale from the westward, which detained
the Urgent a prisoner in St. John's harbour
until the 24th, when the weather moderated and
the ship resumed her voyage. A moderately fair
passage was experienced from St. John to within
about 500 miles westward of the Channel. The
very strong easterly gales were met with, which
beat the Urgent's steaming powers, end corn.

pelled Capt. Henderson to put the ship under sail
and stand off until the weather moderated. On the
Bth inst. the Urgent put into Falmouth for coal.
She sailed thence on the following mornin6-, and
arrived at Portsmouth, as already announced, yes.,
. _

terday morning. No deaths or sickness of any kind
occurred during the voyage. The present has been
the Urgent's first voyage since her refit and rear.
rangement ander the direction of her present com-
mander and previous to commission, and it was
gratifying to hear the officers and men speak in
warm terms of the accommodation on board for
themselves and their families, and of the attention
they had received during the voyage. The Urgent
with a sister vessel was built in a private yard to
an order from the Russian Government, but on the
approach of hostilities with that country she was
taken possession of by the British Government, and
the Admiralty, under the circumstances, had to
utilize her in the best way they could. Being only
of 1,961 tons and 400-horse power of engines, she
could not be compared with nor expected to do the
work of the Himalaya, of 3,453 tons and 700-horse
power, bat she has always been a most useful
vessel, and under new arrangements, introduced
by Captain llenderson, or at his suggestion, pros
mises to obtain a still higher character.
The Lords of the Admiralty have at length de-
termined on making a small commencement towards
the diminution of the number of old and useless
ships of war which incumber the harbour of
Hamoaze, and involve a constant outlay. The pad-
dle-wheel steam sloop Centaur, 6, is now at Keyham
yard, where her engines and machinery of 450-horse
power will be taken from her. She will then be
conveyed to Devonport Dockyard, where a number
of labourers have just been entered for the purpose
of breaking her up. The Centaur was built at
Portsmouth in 1845, on lines laid down by Sir
William Simmonds. Her-burden is 1,270 tons. She
is 200 feet long, 37 feet broad, and 23 feet deep.
The usual annual examination of the machinery
of the screw frigate Constance, 39, in Hamoaze,
has just been completed, and she is now in all
respects ready for the pennant.
The establishment assigned to the officials cons
nected with the steam reserve at Chatham and
Sheerness having been found altogether inadequate
for the rapidly increasing business connected with
that department, the Admiralty have given dire°■
tions for a more commodious range of offices and
buildings to be erected, and the work is now in
progress by Messrs Foord and Sons, of Rochester,
the Admiralty builders.
The convict ship Porchester, Mr Dick master,
sailed from Spithead yesterday for Portland and
Gibraltar, after embarking 65 convicts frcm the
Portsmouth Convict Prison. Dr Crawford, R.N.,
is the surgeon superintendent on board, and the
guard is furnished by a detachment of the 22d
Regiment, which will afterwards join the service
companies of the regiment at Malta.
In order to provide abundant caution, so es to
prevent the occurrence of accidents in the shipment
and discharge of ammunition, the following clauses
in the War Department regulations were ordt red to
be read yesterday crews of at Woolwich to the the
ships in the Ordnance service :--4' When the ves-
sels are unloaded and not imratthattly wanted, the
master, mate, and crew will he permitted in turns
occasionally to be with their families, when the
weather will allow ; but the steamers are never to
be left without the master, or one mate, one engi-
neer, one stoker, and one boy ; nor is any person to
absent himself without express permission from the
senior officer of the military store department.
Smoking is strictly prohibited, and any oue found
with a lucifer or patent match in his possession will
be immediately dismissed.

REATRE ROYAL, DRURY- LANE,-
Managers, Messrs. E. Falconer and F. B. Chatterton.
THIS EVENING, AN APRIL FOOL. Mr. R. Roxby,
Mr. G. Belmore, Mr. Fitzjames, Mr. G. Weston, and Miss
Hudspeth.
After which, at a quarter to Eight o'c'ock, Shaksnere's
Flay of HENRY THE FOURTH (First Part). BelCwick ; Messrs. Walter La y, H. Mars on, Barrett, G more,
G. F Neville, E. Phelps, R. Roxby, R. Raynor, &C. ; Miss
Hel n Howar J, Miss Fanny Haldane (Harp ob igato to song
Mr. F. Chatterton), Mrs. H. Vandenhoff, &c.
Loors open at ha f-past Six—Commence at Seven.

THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET.-
Lessee. Mr. Buckstone.
THIS EVENING, MADEMOISELLE DE BELLE
dISLE.
Messrs. Howe, Farren, Gordon, Baird, ames
Beatrice, Ange', &c.
Alter which, PRESENTED AT COURT. Messrs. Buck-
stone, Howe, W. Farren, Rogers,.Clark, Brad, ; Mes-
dames Snowdon, Griffith, 1, Wright, Lovell, ac.
And 3ACCHIJS AND ARIADNE.
To commence at 7.

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
tinder the sole management of Mr. Fechter.
This Theatre will OPEN on SATURDAY. October 22,
with a New Drama, entitled the KING'S BUTTERFLY,
in which Mr. Fechter will perform the principal character,
The Scenery painted by Mr. William Callcott.
The Box-office will open on Monday, October 17, from
FILv, n till Four.

OYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.—
La) Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining.
THIS EVENING, BORN TO GOOD LUCK. I. eddy
O'Rafferty, Mr. Dominick Murray.
After which, THE STREETS OF LONDON. MessH.
rs.
Vining, J. W. Ray, D. Fi her. D. Murray, J. Nelsoi,
Forrester. H. Mellon ; Mrs. Henry Maxston, Miss Emma
Barnett, and Miss Fanny Gwynne.

NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.-
Hole Proprietor and Manazer. Mr. B. Webster.
THIS EVENING, GOOD FOR NOTHING. Messrs. J.
Clarke, Billington, Eburne, and Mrs. Alfred Mellon.
Messrs. ton
After which, RORY O'MORE. Rory (with Iris
Billinh Ballgads),
Mr. John Collins. Other characters by
R. Phillips, Paul Bedford, Stuart, Stephenson, C. J. Smith ;
Mre. Alfred Mellon and Miss hate Kelly.
To conclude with TEDDY THE TILER. Teddy (with
songs), Mr. John Collins.
Commence at 7.

ito YA L ST. JAMES'S THEATRE.
Manager, Mr. Benjamin Webster.
EMINEN I' TALENT AND COMEDY.
This popular Theatre is Open for the Winter Season. Those
celebrated artistes Mr. and Mrs. C. Mathews are re-engaged.
THIS EVENING, Mr. Arthur Sketchley's highly successful
and original Comedy of HOW WILL THEY GET OUT
OF IT t Mr. and Mrs. Charles Mathews, Air. and Mrs. F.
Matthews. Mr. F. Robinson, Mr. H, J. Montague ; Miss
Wentworth, and Mrs. Stirling,
Alter which, a New Comedy Farce, by Maddison Morton,
Esq., entitled WOOD OCK'S LITTLE GAME. Mr. C.
Mathews, Mrs. F. Matthews.
To conclude with UNDER THE ROSE.

ROYAL STRAND THEATRE.
Sole Lessee and Manageress, Mrs. Swanborough.
THIS EVENING, JNLIMITED CONFIDENCE.
Followed by, at Eight, MILKY WHITE. Messrs. Craven,
Stoyle, James ; Mesdames SwanborJugh and Handers.
After which, the great Burlesque, THE MILLER AND
HIS MEN. Messrs. Fenton, James, and Thorne ; Mesdames
Swanborough, Simpson. Johnstone, Hughes, and Carson.

COALS.—The LILLESHALL COMPANY'S
COALS.
Direct from their own Collieries.
Marquis'.......2ss. per ton. 1 Double 21s. per ton.
Top 245• 91 i Deep
Well screened and delivered within five miles of their De-
pots, Westbourne Park-road, W., and 17, South Wharf,
Paddington, W., and Maiden-lane, N.
Best Coke
Terms cash.
JOHN SCOTT, Sole Lgent.

ill HE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN,"
Containing the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE,
alba be had Every Evening of
G. R. GLItNIE, NEWS AGENT,
No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Eyde-park.

THE LATEST EDITION of " THE SUN"
supplied, as soon as published every Evening. by
lIENRY BROOKS, Newspaper Agent, 21, Old Cavendish-
street, W.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tins DAY.—Morning, 11h. 20m.—Aftornoon, 1111.50 m,
ro•4fonaow.-Morning, h. m.—Afternoon, 12h. 20m

.z.A.I -
'4se
pe-01, oNV 444+4

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, OCT. 12, 1864.

There are many points in which the German
mind differs from the English, but in nothing is
the contrast more distinctly marked than in its ten•

dency to take a theoretical rather than a practical
view of matters. Englishmen like to keep to the
point ; they discourse, they dispute, they legislate
with special reference to action. The principles
which govern them are often allowed to be tacitly
understood rather than openly professed ; and,
allthongh no public community is without its hypo-
crites and interested professors, yet English people
generally are very rarely deceived by a mist of
words and long-sounding phrases. Their politicians
and statesmen know this, and are well aware that

the high-flown theories of the Continent would
rather influence the popular judgment against them
than in their favour ; and, consequently, whatever
their views, their public addresses are usually
plain and practical in their nature, With our good
friends in the Vaterland the case is very different.
The popular leaders even contrive to envelope their
ideas and principles in such an atmosphere of
cloudland that they are not easily unfolded, and it
cannot be very easy, one would think, for the balk
of the populace to gain more than a vague idea of
what is intended. It is this vagueness that always
militates against the success of republican move-
ments abroad. The people do not very
clearly know what they want, and their leaders
discourse to them in high flown strains of the prin-
ciples which should govern their political actions,
whereas in our English struggles the people and
their chiefs alike knew very well what they were
fighting for, and never rested until the end was
gained. Although Germany has consented to put
aside for the time all her efforts after national unity
and freedom in order to trample on a weaker Power,
it is interesting to learn what her Republicans think
of the present crisis in America. A letter, recently
addressed to a friend by one of the principal mem•
bers of that party, gives us some insight into the
sentiments with which the German Republicans
regard the Presidential contest. It is disap-
pointing to find, from KARL BLIND'S letter,
that his sentiments are wholly and exclusively
with the Unionists. It is another instance of
the tendency of the German mind to rest in
theories rather than in practice. He regards the
Union as the sample of Republican principles, and
looks upon its overthrow as a virtual defeat of those
principles. " I believe," he says, "in the necessity
of a great Republican power as a counterpoise to
the despotisms and aristocracies of Europe. May
the day be far distant when that hideous shout of
derision, the first accents of which have occasionally
struck our ears, could be magnified into a howl of
triumph at seeing the greatest Republican Com.
mon wealth finally split asunder ! It would be the
triumph of Absolutism."
KARL BLIND apparently does not recognise the

fact, long patent to all Englishmen, that the
reality of the Republic no longer exists; that the
principles upon which it was founded are far
mare likely to suffer, not only in the minds of
prejudiced despots, but with calm and enlightened

judges, at the present unhappy combination of
the worst features of tyranny with the profession
of Democracy. W a see an arbitrary rule, which
respects neither popular conviction nor private
right; we see it enforced by the imprisonment or
exile of all who have the courage to oppose it;
by the virtual suppression of th© opposition press ;
by a conscription which is altogether unpopular;
and these acts are carried out, not on the plea of
pressing necessity or of a temporary suspension of
the national rights, but on the grounds of the just
authority of the Presidential administration. The
Federals claim the right of enforcing on some
millions of intelligent people a form of government
which is obnoxious to them, What could tyranny
do more? They refuse to these intelligent millions
the right of selfogovernment, they deny them the
power to legislate for themselves, they would force

oz them a ruler and a constitution obnoxious to
them, and when these attempts are resisted they
endeavour to support them at the point of the sword.
They lay waste their lands, they pillage their citizens,
they paralyse their trade, they carry fire and a w ord
through their fertile places, they make war on old
men, women, and children, they treat the peaceable
inhabitants of the refractory States with a harsh-
ness and severity that has called forth the indigna-
tion of the Old World ; and yet the advocates of
the North would have us believe that they are ac-
tuated in all this by their disinterested love for
Republican principles. Why, their whole conduct
in direct opposition to those principles. If Re-
putlicanism means any thing it certainly means the
right of a mass of people to govern themselves, to
refuse an obnoxious Government, and it means
also that the civil rights of each private citizen
are to be as much respected as those of the
Governor of the State himself. Is this the
line of action which the Federals have followed
while the power was in their hands ? But the
friends of the Union in Europe maintain that
emancipation is the true object of the war. In this
country we hear less of that plea, but we are sorry
to find the German leader taking it up most strenu-
ously. He admits it is true that LINCOLN has been
fainthearted and hesitating as regards the policy of
emancipation, but he still classes the principles of
union and anti-slavery together. As if half the
Unionists were not really in favour of slavery, and
as if we should hear any more of abolition if the
South consented to re-enter the Union to-morrow
on consideration of retaining their " domestic in.
stitution." Did not Mr SEWARD himself, who is
surely no mean exponent of the principles of the
Government, expressly declare in his recent speech
that slavery had nothing to do with the present

issue of the war. The Federal authorities know too
well how many Northern interests are involved in

its maintenance to make its abolition a sine qua
non. It is singular to note under the professed
humanity of these Union Abolitionists the vin•
dietive cruelty with which they speak of the
Southerners, who, as men and women, have some
claim to their humanity. Extermination and
exile, " Greek fire for the people, and hell fire for
their leaders" are the terms advocated by the
Northern press and pulpit, in the Cabinet and
in the Congress. The German Reformer
is no exception to the rule. The first

duty, he says, in the approaching con•
test is "to keep off the common enemy," and
adds that " we have here the cause of Union and
Emancipation—and, let me add, Colonisation of the
South after it will have been purged of its slave-
ocracy—much at heart." Such would not have

been the sentiments of a CLA.RICSON or a WILBER..
FOUCE. But if the mitigation of human sufferings
were really the object in view, why should these
Unionists look with such horror on the prospect of
peace and compromise. KARL BLIND looks upon
M'CLELLAN as " an enemy to the Union," and, as
such, a .an to be avoided, lest he might, after ali,
effect a reconciliation with the South. The true

haters of slavery, who have yet some regard
for the lives and property of their fellow
whites, have long since concluded that slavery to be
really abolished must be gradually done away with
as much for the sake of the negroes as of their
owners; that the influence of public opinion, more
especially of European public opinion, will surely
effect a change in the minds of the slaveholders, and
that at any rate to enforce emancipation by fire and
sword is very much akin to the med'aval principle
of effecting conversion by the rack and the stake.

Sia LAWRENCE PALK and Mr. KEKEWICII have
been entertaining their constituents in South
Devonshire with some interesting speeches, which
were chiefly distinguishable for the absence of
political discussion. It is rather refreshing occa-
sionally to peruse tho details of a meeting thus
characterised by an absence of party spirit, and it
may be questioned if the real object of these agri-
cultural gatherings are not better answered by
such reticence than when we hear of vehement
denunciations against the powers that be, or of
undue flattery and palliation of errors which excite
the wrath and arouse the controversy of those
holding different opinions. All parties can meet
on the neutral ground of agriculture and calmly
discuss the questions which bear relation to the
internal welfare of their common country. Sir
LAWRENCE PALK took a hopeful view of things,
and observed that whether we regard it from an
agricultural or commercial point of view, England
is progressing in wealth " more rapidly than any
other nation on the face of the globe." It is satis-
factory thus to hear of our position thus cheeringly
regarded, for doubtless, with the best intentions,
the public speakers of the day are too apt to take
a desponding views of events, and to regard under
the most lugubrieu3 aspect all that takes place of
a decided character, whether at home or abroad.
Sir LAWRENCE PALK took a most compreno
sive view of the topics he discussed, and
very wisely endeavoured to draw the
attention of his hearers to the importance
of the dangers that were taking place around them,
and the necessity of their conforming to them with
a good grace and a hearty will to benefit by their
advantages. It is very desirable that such a doc-
trine should be preached ad libitum among agricul•
turists of all classes and denominations, for they are
proverbially slow in understanding the benefits of
the alterations that art and science introduce into

their vocations, and are apt to cling with prejudi-
cial and sometimes fatal tenacity to the old tested
notions and antiquated ideas of times past. There
is a counter-balancing advantage in this, because
their dislike to change operates as a check upon the
hasty and often ill.regulated endeavours of the more
go ahead portion of the community, and it is a safe■
guard that some should hold back too much, if
others persist in pressing forward too recklessly,
The wisest course is to adopt a just medium, and to
prove the excellence of changes of system before
adopting them. Sir L. PALK descanted upon the
present low price of wheat, and gave it as his opi.
nion that this grievance among agriculturists is not
likely to be remedied. The reasons that he adduced