The Sun.
London, England, 1852-12-03 00:00:00

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[PRICE SD.

(who made his appearance when the soldiers came)
to direct that the streets should be cleared, and the
dragoons were then moved round, and charged upon
the mob striking them with the flat of their swords.
Numbers rolled on the ground, old and young, and
were ridden over—many were severely hurt, and had to
be carried away. The scene was one of great confusion
during the two or three minutes it lasted. It was soon
apparent that the nature of the streets would not permit
the cavalry to be efficient, and a company of the 4th
Regiment was sent for to Ashton, to take action within
the narrow passages, should they be required. There was
no regular hourly poll issued by either party, but the
supporters of Mr. Fox took the lead at first, and main-
tained it throughout. In fact, at one o'clock they were
as much as 280 ahead, though the Heald party continued
to creep up, and at last they made the majority much less
than it was at first. At a quarter to four o'clock 896
electors had polled for Fox, and 781 for Heald. The
number on the register is 1,890, so that Mr. Fox polled
nearly one-half the voters, and won by 115. A protest
was laid against the poll proceeding about three o'clock
by Mr. Heald's friends, on the ground that the presence
of the military in the town was detrimental to their in-
terests ; but the mayor, under the advice of the
town clerk, declined to listen to it, and it was
continued to the usual hour of closing. Tfib ptest y
,give rise to a petition on the election, as,..tuttler
liam IV., c. 45, s. 17, all votes take,' after such'pr st
are understood to be void. Soon after the,g4e o
poll, Mr. Heald's committee announced the majo
against them to be 112. A company of infantry marched'
into the town at twenty minutes past four, but there
seemed to be no disposition to repeat the disturbances of
the morning.

(Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland) with which I
entrusted ! May I not use it as an argument
iwn fellow-countrymen that they have not
man totally unworthy to fill the office of
(Cheers) The time that has elapsed since
------ --lies were conferred on me has been compara-
tively short, but it has served to show me very much
that is great and good and interesting in that people,
and to determine me to devote all the energies I possess
and every power of benefiting them which I have
to promote their welfare. (Loud cheers.) There is
no country in which education should not be a pri-
mary object ; but in the full carrying out of education
depend the whole hopes of Ireland's future prosperity.
(Hear, hear, and cheer's.) Feeling as Ido that such is
the case, I have made it one of my principal objects, since
I have been in that country, to examine the educational
establishments there, and from what I have seen of the
intellect, of the quick perception, of the powers of ap-
plication of the people, I will say confidently that my
kind Irish-friends in this university are not behind their
fellow-students in availing themselves of the-advantages
offered to them. (Cheers.) Coming as Ido from that
country—where academical institutions on a national
scale, with the single exception of Trinity College,
Dublin, are in their infancy—to a land where they have
existed and flourished for the last 400 years, I see around
me the proofs of the carrying out of the social instruc-
tion of the people. 'What is in Scotland a matter of
realisation and history; is in Ireland a matter of hope
and futurity. The prosperity of Scotland is the best
augury for Ireland's future. (Cheers.) 300 years ago,
Scotland was more convulsed with civil and religious dis-
sensions than Ireland is at this day—(a voice, " True,")
but our monarchs gave us universities, our Parliaments
parochial schools, England gave us our Union, and we
see the gratifying proofs around us. I believe I may say
that one half of the population of this great city by birth or
by origin are Celtic; and the glorious results of the blending
the Celtic with the Anglo-Saxon blood form the best
113
answer to that mischievous controversy which has lately
been got up as regards the respecti-fe merits of the:two
races. (A laugh and cheers.) I should little envy any
man who could find himself suddenly and unexpectedly,
ut intimately, connected with such a city as Glasgow,
and such an institution as her university—who could find
himself so connected—without feelings of the most lively
gratification. Glasgow—which is the emblem of Scottish
enterprise—the mother of Scottish commerce and trade
—she who has already taken the lead in every enterprise
of industry and commerce—has not neglected the charms
of literature and the wonders of science. (Cheers.) She
boasts, has boasted, and can still continue to boast, of
her Finlays, Stirlings, Ewings, Campbells, and her Bairds.
(Cheers.) lam afraid almost to go on with the list of
great names that rises to my recollection ; but she can
always point with pride to the works of a Hutcheson, a
Spottiswoode, a Reid, a Clelland, an Adam Smith, and
an Alison. (Loud cheers.) She can point to the ingenuity
and enterprise of her Watts and her Napiers ; but • she
can also boast of the genius of a Jeffrey, a Thomas Camp-
bell, and a Lockhart. (Loud cheers.) She can boast, too,
of the piety and learning of a Melville, a Smeaton, a
Chalmers, or a Macfarlane—(loud cheering)—and she
can also glory in the military renown of a Moore and a
Munro. (Renewed cheers.) The comparison between the
state of the city at the date of the foundation of this univer-
sity and the present time was so well and so beautifully
drawn by Sir Archibald Alison in a speech which I had
the pleasure of hearing along with many of you now
present, that I cannot venture to dilate upon it, but I
will only call, in a few words, your attention to the state
of this city now with what it was then. Then there
were religious persecutions and civil wars—raids were
made on the city by the Highlanders, and extortions
were made by Cromwell—your river overflowed its
banks, famine and pestilence raged in the city. What
is it now ? There is peace and plenty : there is entire
religious freedom ; you have a harbour within the very
heart of the city ; a river bound up within safe boun-
daries ; and science to preserve the safety of its inha-
bitants. In those times ministers of religion were
obliged to wear coats of mail and carried " whangera"
—(a laugh) for the protection of their persons.
The Bibles were so scarce that they were chained
to the desk, and read to crowds of persons at the same
time. Now the ministerial brethren are secure and
respected ; the Bible is within the reach of the hum-
blest member of the community. (Cheers.) And
let me for a moment call your attention to the differ-
ence between the state of this city at this pre-
sent moment and the Glasgow of a much later period
than what I have alluded to—the Glasgow at the Union,
About that time the population did not exceed 14,000.,
and even in the middle of the century it did not amount
to 20,000, and depended on Port Glasgow for its liar-
hour. There were scarcely any manufactures, there
were no tonnage dues levied till 1770, and these only
amounted to 1,0001. There were no banks—that is
to say, the Bank of Scotland, in the beginning of
the last century, could not employ a circulation of
30,0001., and it was not till the middle of the century
that any banks were established in this city. About
the same period it was that a caravan was set going
to ply twice a-week with Edinburgh, but the speculation
was too daring for the spirit of the age—(loud laughter)
and it was shortly afterwards abandoned as utterly hope-
less ; and I believe men now living have been obliged to
sleep on the journey between this and Edinburgh. Now
let us look at the other side of the picture. The village
of the 15th and the small town of the 18th century have
swelled into the enormous proportions of some 370,000
inhabitants, and its harbour swarms with ships. The
revenue of the Clyde amounts to 75,0001, a-year. Your
customs' duties, which so late as 181.2 did not exceed •
3,0001., now amount to 650,0001. a-year. (Loud cheersr)
The circulation of the banks, I believe, may be calculated
at 3,500,0001., and the deposits are not less than
11,000,0001. It is not now that a caravan is plying
twice a-week with Edinburgh, but the city is surrounded
by a positive network of railways, three of which alone
conveyed along the rails last year, nearly 5,000,000
passengers. It is energy, combined with education, and
aided, too, by science, which has achieved these wonders,
and which is every day raising this great city, and dis-
playing the invincible industry and indomitable perseve-
rance of her inhabitants. (Cheers.) And now, gentlemen,
allow me to address a few words of advice ahorta-
tion to you—(hear)—to you, my young friennd ex
ds, who
by your kindness have not only given me the right, but
have made it a duty, that I should speak to you with
some authority, and without reserve. The few years
which you spend in this place are the most important in
the whole history of your lives. The choice which you
make here will probably rule your future destiny ; on the
principles which you here imbibe will probably depend
your fate in eternity. There may be some individual ex-
ceptions, which prove the rule, but in the great majority
of cases the character of the after man springs from the
character of the youth ; his career in after life is fore-
shadowed by his career at school and college. (Cheers.)
Every one of you is as much engaged in the formation of
your character as the sculptor is with the shapeless clay ;
every one of you has an immortal soul committed to your
keeping. There is not one of you who cannot make for
himself respectability, at least, if not fame. It is for you
to decide whether you will be hereafter respected and
honoured, or whether you will be a pest to society and a
burden to yourselves. I trust you will all accept the
first offer that is held out to you by the advantages you
now enjoy, and that few indeed will take the latter course.
There are, no doubt, some among you with better intel-
lects and keener perceptions than the rest, and every one
cannot hope to attain to excellence or to climb the high-
est pinnacle of human ambition ; but there is not one of
you who cannot, at least, attain to mediocrity, and if
you cannot gain the admiration, you will at least claim
the esteem, of your fellow-creatures. Never allow
yourself to despair of anything beyond your reach ;
never think that any branch of knowledge is beneath
you, for there is no intellect which cannot be sharpened,
there is no memory which cannot be improved, there
are no bad habits that cannot be rectified in the plastic
season of youth. (Loud cheers.) There may be some
of you whom I am addressing who are not destined to
cross the threshold of that busy life on which you are
now standing, and to realise those expectations they and
their friends have formed of the youthful promise of
them. I will say especially to them, " Remember your
Creator in the days of your youth ;" and, if you do,
there is no happiness which any imagination can conjure
up, no brilliant destiny which talent and application
can give to you, or no honour which any earthly power
can bestow upon you which will equal those blessings
which this will bring to you. For some of you there is
probably in store long life and chequered circumstances.
To them I will say, seize upon the present advantages
you enjoy as a drowning man seizes on the last hope of
his preservation, and profit by the excellent education
which is here afforded to you.
His Excellency concluded with some further kindly
exhortations to the students, and offered them two
irizes of 201. each.
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