The Sun.
London, England, 1852-09-17 00:00:00

LONDON,

FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 17, 1852,

FRANCE.

The Moniker* publishes a decree creating two new
professorships at the Conservatoire des Arts et M -
tiers, one for all matters connected with spinning and
weaving, and the other for dying, printing, and
dressing woven goods. Each of the professors will
receive a salary of 5,000 francs per annum. M.
Michel Alcan, Professor at the Central School of
Arts and Manufactures, is appointed to the former,
and M. Persoz, Professor of Chemistry at Strasburg,
to the latter. The decrees come into operation on
the Ist of January, 1853.
According to letters from Toulon the squadron from
Naples is expected in that port on the 20th. The
fitting out of the Montebello is being carried on
actively. It will be placed opposite the fort and il-
luminated in the fetes to be given to the Prince
President.
M. C. Abbatucoi, Chef du Cabinet of the Minister
of Justice, and Vice-President of the Council-
General of Corsica, has been appointed a member of
the commission charged to consider the best means of
putting down bandittism in that island.
The Official Gazette of Savoy, says M. Ala-
deniza, Consul of France at Nice, has had his salary
increased from 12,000 f. to 20,000 f. This increase
is not, as might be supposed, an act of kindness of
the President, whose dangers he had shared at Stras-
burg. It is a measure of precaution ; for with the
1,500 refugees of the Var, the Bouches-du-Rhone,
and the Basses and Hautes-Alpes, the Consul of
France requires greater means of surveillance than
hitherto ; his expenses are in fact greater."
The Gazette de Lyon says:—" At the last meeting
of the iron masters a new fall took place in the price
of cast iron. This appears in contradiction with the
political calm which prevails, and with the real activity
in great undertakings. ne sole reason caused the
reduction, namely, the disquietude felt as to tba pro-
ject ascribed to the Government, not of absolutely
adopting free trade principles, but of lowering
the tariffs on the import of foreign iron. In
spite of the assertions of the Moniteur, many
persons persist in believing that concessions
will be made to England and Belgium ; and this
ides, very generally spread, has sufficed to cause a
fall. The price has been fixed at 165 f. the 100
kilo-
grammes on fine cast iron of the first quality taken at
the works, which makes 10f. decline on the prices of,
the fair at Besancon, and sf. only on that of Chilons:
The equestrian statue of the Emperor Napoleon
arrived at Lyons four days ago. The statue is to be
inaugurated during the stay of the Prince President
at Lyons.
We read in the Akbar of the 7th inst. :
" The liberation of Abd-el-Kader has of late been
talked of, on condition, it is true, of his removal to
Mecca. Those rumours having obtained some credit,
the Chamber of Commerce of Algiers, in the name °f
the interests it represents, has thought proper to ad-
dress to the Minister of War some pressing observa-
tions, which we fully approve. We are informed that
other Chambers of Commerce, that of Philippeville in
particular, intend to combine their efforts with those
already attempted to prevent the execution of a mea-
sure, which, whatever may be said to the con-
trary, would be now dangerously premature. We do
not precisely know what opinion is entertained in.
France as to the importance of that resolution, and
the degree of confidence to be attached to the promises
the Emir might make in order to obtain his liberty.
But there is one thing certain, namely, that whatever
may be the sincerity of the ex-Emir, and it will be
agreed that, religiously or politically speaking, it is
very doubtful, from the manner in which he exe-
cuted the modest conditions of the treaty of the
Tafna, and whatever good intentions be may have
in that respect, it does not depend upon him not to be
for us, in Algeria, a cause of disturbance and em-
barrassment. The moment he arrives at Mecca we
shall have every day pious pilgrims returning from the
Holy City, circulating, without his participation or
knowledge, the most dangerous reports as to his in-
tentions. Our Arabs, fond of stories and credulous
as they are, will have their eyes incessantly turned
to that side ; and, we repeat it, it would be an eternal
source of false rumours and agitation. Once more,
we trust that the liberation of Abd-el-Kader will not
take place."

HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK
(From the Registrar-General's Report.)
The present return exhibits a further decline in the
mortality. The deaths registered in the first week of
August rose to 1,124 ; in the week that ended last
Saturday (11th September) they fell to 93ti. The
deaths among children under 15 years in the first
week in August were 656; last week they were 485.
These numbers indicate an improved state of health
in the infant part of the population, who suffer so much
from the summer epidemic.
In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1842.
51 the average number of deaths was 1,119, which,
with a correction for increased population, becomes
1,231. But this average is greatly augmented by
the 2,865 deaths, principally from cholera, that oc-
curred in the corresponding week of 1849, after the
epidemic had attained its maximum and had begun
to subside.
Last week smallpox was fatal in 10 cases, measles
in only 4; the cases referred to typhus are 32.
Diarrhos3, dysentery, and cholera steadily decline;
they were moat fatal in the first week of August,
when the deaths caused by the three diseases were
collectively 241; their decrease since that week is
shown by the following numbers :-219, 228, 148,
120, and last week 101. On the other hand, scarla-
tina appears to be making some progress, and
week 58 children were its victims.
The following are five cases of cholera registered
in the week :—At 3 a, Sussex-terrace, Brompton, on
sth September, the daughter of a banker's clerk
aged 7 months, " cholera infantum (5 days) ; attended
2 days."
At 23 a, Bute-street, Brompton, on 10th Septem-
ber, the son of a journeyman tailor, aged 6 months,
"cholera infantum (4 days)."
In Hoxton Old Town, at 6, Ivy-lane, on Bth Sep-
tember, the daughter of an envelope maker, aged two
months, " infantine cholera (6 days)."
In the sub-district of Leather-market, Bermondsey,
at 1, Tyer's Gateway, on sth September, the daughter
of a journeyman tanner, aged 11 weeks, "cholera in-
fantum (2 days)."
At Deere. place, Lee, on sth September, the son of
a coachman, aged 9 months, "cholera infantum (2
days)."
On the 9th September, at 1, Dawes-lane, Wal-
ham- green, the son of an Irish labourer, aged 3 years,
died of " dysentery (4 weeks) low fever." The death
of another child in the same lane, caused by pneumo-
nia, diarrhoea, and low fever, was recorded in the re-
turn for the week ending the 4th September, where
the sanitary condition of the place was described. In
reference to the case now registered the medical at-
tendant says :—" This is another instance of an ordi-
nary and tractable disease degenerating into low fever,
owing to causes already mentioned." Mr. Knight,
the registrar of the sub-district (Fulham), also re-
porta a death from typhus, after three weeks' illness,
in an over-crowded cottage, 4, Carpenter's-row, and
adds :ea." The body was not buried till Friday after-
noon, although in a very bad state, and when it was
brought into the churchyard the 4mell was intoler-
able.' The deceased, who was a young man of 19
years, had died on the previous Saturday.
In the sub-district of South St. Giles-in-the-fields,
at 3, Dolphin-place, the daughter of a coppersmith,
aged one year. died of " diarrhosa from poisonous
emanations." Mr. Faulkner says—" I am told by
the informant that the whole family have been ill ever
since they have lived in this house, owing to the
dreadful smell that arises from an open privy." The
medical attendant states that "he should not be
surprised
manner. if they were all attacked in the same
In the northeast-sub-district of the city of London,
at 1, Sun-court, Little
days"
the daughter
d Bell-alley, on the sth Septem-
ber,
er of a harness maker, aged 2 years
died of "fever (3 ,
writes on his cer ).
cate that " the house and whole
court are badly ventilated. Si
The medical attendant
tilx
persons
occupy o.ae small room, and this •
room in a very bad
state."in a family

September, at 1, Paul.square, Shore-
On the. 7th
in this house,"' Atls 3the second
ditch, the wife of a porter, aged 69s,eWter-
age and the bad smells
September,
the The medical attendant aodfihet, (5 months)."
time I have lost a casehTohu%eear.s, died "old
gardens, liaggerstone West, on the 4th
the son of a silversmith, aged 5 years,
" scarlatina (5 weeks), meningitis (2 weeks)." Mr.
Bowring, the deputy-registrar, states that " the
houses 'h, .re have no back yards, and the cesspool is
in a cells : f directly under the sleeping apartment." A
child diet l also of scarlatina in College place, High_
13.11. v-cab .. College place is deEcribod by Mr. But-
rerß..ld a: i unhealthy.
In the sub-district of Borough-road, at 2, Gold-
srnith'a—place, on sth September, the son of a labourer
aged 3 yeE,rs, died of "scarlatina (18 days), effusion."
With i.eference to this and other cases, Mr. Elliott,
the reg:iatrar, makes the following statement :
_ "There are 14 houses in Goldsmith's-place, and
four eni./dren died from scarlatina there during the
last 8 weeks ; viz.:—
" 17t1 t July,
female, 22 months, daughter of a fish
salesmlt 1.
,
"29t1 i July,
male, 2 years, son of a coppersmith.
"Bth. August, male, 9 months, son of a Coffee..
roaster.

"sth September, male, 3 years, son of a labourer.
" The informant in the lass case stated that the
drains of her house and water-closet are very offenive
and this remark applies to the whole of the homes on
one side ; she has one child, aged 2 years, now lying
dangerou.,:y ill, and another of 6 years partially re-
covered ; toe inhabitants of the whole of these houses
have been more or less affected, and two persons have
been removed to the hospital. I may add, that the
entrance to Goldsmith's-place is by a narrow court
from the Southwark-bridge-road. At the end of the
houses is a dust yard (in St. Saviour's parish), and
when the wind blows in the direction of Goldsmith's-
place the smells are almost suffocating, as the foul air
escape through the passage above-men
Cholera was fatal just round this spot in
with the prospeA of another visit it would
be the authorities would listen to the warning
cannotwlsh4iw9chi,s
tinned.e ifily
these
andre
facts address to tbem." ad
Three deaths were registered last week as caused
by carbuncle. They are as follow :—At Kilburn, on
33 September, a farmer, aged 77 years, from "severe
illness caused by carbuncles in several parts of the
body "(18 month); decay of nature." In Islington,
on 7th September, a builder, aged 37 years, " ty-
phoid fever (8 days), carbuncle." In Gos well street,
on 4th September, a painter, aged 73 years, " car-
buncle of the neck (6 weeks)."
On the 29-h August, a woman, aged 44 years,
was " accidentally choked while attempting to swal-
low a piece of beef."
On the sth September the son of a plasterer, aged
14 years, was found dead in the Regent's Canal, Agar-
town, "from drowning, how caused unknown." Post-
mortem. Mr. Hon, the registrar, writes :—" The
deceased ,had a scull of the most unusual size and
shape, and during life, with the hair on, had a most
xt d
with nearly as
aof appearance. When alive he played
much activity as other boys, and did
not
headache, or appear to suffer any par-
ticular inconvenience. On the post-mortem
x amination there were discovered five pints and up-
wards of serum, the brain, which weighed 53 oz. troy,
examination
caoo complain
ppiaii.n aalnry s
or
surrounding it. The skull was thin ; the measure-
ment as follows:—circumference, 27k inches ;
i across
the top, from ear to ear, 17f inches ; from occput to
oa navy 19ri inches.

STATE OF TAE WEATHER DURING THE PAST WEEK.
SUNDAY.—The sky was generally covered w ith cloud till
noon, and also during the evening; bt tween these times it
wag clear;
au cirrostrati, and light clouds.
MONDAY.-..The sky was for the most part covered with
cloud throughout the day; cirrostratus. Rain fell heavily
after 9h. PM.
Tu"DAY.—The sky was overcast throughout the day.
Between 411. P.M. and sh. 30m. P.M. there was a thunder-
storm, and also a heavy fall of rain at 9h. P.M.
WE:)NRSDAY.—The sky was covered with cloud till even-
ing ; cumuli, cumulostrati, and cirrostrati. Frequent Sashes
of lightning after Th. P.M.
TGURSDAY.—The sky was for the most part wholly
covered with cloud till 6h. r.M., and the amount was variable
afterwards;
cumuli, cumulostrati, and cirrostrati.
FRIDAY.--The sky was overcast till noon, three-fourths
were covered with cloud until 7h. P.M. generally, and clear
afterwards; cirrostratus and scud. Rain fell frequently.
Lightning was frequently seen during the evening.
SATURDAY.—The sky was one-half covered with cloud
till noon; generally covered from this time till 4h. p.m.,
and the amount was variable afterwards; cumulostrati and
cirrostrati.

E.LEcrutcrrv.—Sept. Bth, Negative, and very active
du9ng the morning. This was the only exhibition of elec-
during the week at the times of examination.
The mean reading of a thermometer placed on the main-
mast of the Dreadnought Hospital Ship, and read each day at
9h. A.M. was 62.2°; and the mean reading at 9h. P.M. was
60.3°; the mean readings at the Royal Observatory for the
same times were 61.2° and 53.8° respectively.
The reading of the barometer decreased from 29.95 in.
at the beginning
of the week to 29.81 in. by 9h. A.M. on the
7th; it began to increase slowly after noon, and was 29'86
in' by 9h. P.M. on the Bth; decreased to 29.67 in. by 3h.
P.M. on the 10th ; and increased to 29.74 in. by the end of
the week.

IMPORT DUTIES.--FREE TRADE.
Though so often discussed there are members of
the House of Commons, as well as people out of doors,
who do not clearly comprehend what is meant by
protection, and who confound reduction of all Cus-
tom house duties with protection. In the report of
the Committee of which Mr. Hume was chairman,
presented late in the session of 1840, the distinction
is clearly pointed out between the protective duties
and the duties for revenue, and to that we would
refer those who have any doubts. The former
" protective duties" they recommend to be repealed,
and the latter to be reduced to such a rate as to
afford, by low price 3, the greatest consumption to the
people, and by the same means an increased revenue
to the state.

The report states that " the tariff often aims at
incompatible ends; the duties are sometimes meant
to be both productive of revenue and for protective
objects, which are frequently inconsistent with
each other : hence the duties sometimes operate to
the complete exclusion of foreign produce, and thus
injures the trade of the country s and often,
when the duty is inordinately high, the amount of
revenue becomes in consequence trifling." A
broad distinction is drawn by the witnesses before
the Import Committee between the duties charged
upon articles imported of the same kind as those pro
duced within the United Kingdom, whether menu •
factured or agricultural, and all duties upon all such
articles are, strictly speaking, for protection, and do
in fact give protection, to the native producers, by
which duty the price of such article is increased by
the amount of the duty, and the price to the consumer
becomes much greater by the indirect taxation. The
Committee recommended all that class of duties to be
repealed; and as far as those duties have been taken
off, both the agriculturists and the manufacturers
have felt the benefit of the removal of those protective
duties in the diminution of prices at which, before the
repeal of those duties, the articles were sold. Sir R.
Peel, having become convinced of the impolicy of
maintaining these duties, removed all prohibitions and
many of those protective duties partially, and the public
have felt the great and important effects of the repeal of
those prohibitions and duties in the promotion of trade,
in the increase of employment and in wages generally,
and the Protectionist now admits the prosperity that
now
spreads over all the industry of the nation save
and except for the capitalists and trades that wire
protected. Their labourers have benefited equally
with other labourers by the repeal of the corn-laws,
and by the freedom that has been given by the tariff
of 1842 and sub,equent years. Tnere were in 1840
of the Act 3 and 4 Wm. IV., c. 56,
the Customs duties, about 1,150
nt rates of duty chargeable on the
1 and Mr. Hume then re-
commended that 1,000 of these entries should be re-
moved from the Customs' tariff ; and he stated
confidently that that might be done without loss to
the revenue, and with great advantage to the com-
merce and to the consumers of the country.
unmbeyabout the proceedings of the
In the month before Parliament was dissolved in
" Hansard," that Sir R.
Peel attacked
bmer.seHe
ImportDuties' Committee, and made jest to the House
18atittawckileld
of the recommendation of Mr. Hume to remove
1,000 out of 1,150 entries in the Customs' import
tariff, yet when he took office, and was obliged to
provide for the service of the year, he became a sin •
cere convert to that opinion, and within the year
after his return to office introduced Bills by which
600 or 700 of the entries of articles were removed
from the tariff, and many others greatly modified.
By the returns to Parliament, No. 141, of 1852, the
aggregate amount of protective duties appears to have
been 434,1541. on 233 manufactured articles : and
916,4351. on 42 articles of agricultural produce,show-
ing the aggregate amount of protection to all kinds
of imports was 1,350,5891. into the United Kingdom
in the year ending the sth of Jan,, 1851.
Now that we have time to turn our attention to
the future financial situation of the country, we
would direct the attention of all classes to the case
which Mr. Hume proposed for discussion in the last
Parliament.
The following was his notice of mo •
Wan for Tues-
day, June 22, 1852, by Mr. Hume :
That it appears, by returns (P. Paper 267, 267-11 of
1852) on the table of the House, that there are 233
entries in the Custom-house tariff list of foreign manu-
factured articles charged in the year 1851 with duties of
import into the United Kingdom, varying in amount
from ono to fifty per cent. on the value of such articling,
and such articles may be classed under five schedules or
lists, viz., producing in

Import
Duty.

Sohedule.
No. 1

each article pro- 129 articles pro-
ducing under clueing the ag.
£lOO of duty gregate Num of £2,349
2... 500
3... 1,000
4... 5,000
5...100,000
____

No. 233 And duty
t 434,154
Also, that there are Pntr i o 8 in the Custom-house tariff
of foreign agricultural produce charged with import
duties varying in amours', and these articles may be
classed under six heads or schedules; namely, in
.:
'wort
No. 1. each article pro• 25 articles Schedule. Duty
prodne-
doming tinier ing the aggro-
.£loo of duty. gate sum of._ £382
2. 500
3. 1.000
4. 5,000
5. 100,000
6. 500,600

No. 62
sheep, goats, and
oats, and other grain, and oxen, And duty £916,435
That whilst the agricultural produce of wheat, barley,
other animals, are admitted duty free to compete with
similar productions of the Uuited liiagdom, it is both
impolitic and unjust to the country and to the agricul-
tural interests especially, to contintye duties of import on
airtinioi of foreign manufacture of the 4t,n3e hind and
ci.P4s with those mAnufaettired in the Unit" Kingl"2,
as by these protgetive duties on imports the fair compe-
tition of foreign manufactured articles with the articles
of British manufacture is prevented. That this House

will, at an early period, take into its consideration the
inequality and injustice of the existing tariff on articles
of import into this country, both of manufactures and
agricultural produce, with the view of speedily removing
the inequalities of import duties affecting unfairly every
ihter.st in the country.
The object of Mr. Hume was to explsin to the
House and to the country that, although Sir R. Peel
had struck off the tariff 600 or 700 extras in the
customs imports, that there yet remain (and he has
had them all stated in these returns to avoid cavil
and opposition) 233 of manufactured, and 42 of agri-
cultural produce having a protection of near 1 mil-
lions sterling.
Mr. Hume, in the last paragraph of his resolution,
desires to pledge the House to an early consideration
of those duties, with the view of carrying out free
trade fully and completely, as demanded by the agri-
cultural interests, as we think fairly and justly.
We would recommend the Marquis of Granby and
all that class of quondam protectionists (for we must
suppose there are no Protectionists now in the Mi-
nistry) to examine those returns carefully, and to
make the distinction between the articles imported
and duties imposed for revenue, and those with du-
ties of a protective nature. We trust that the new
Parliament will be soon called upon to make the dis-
tinction.—Morning Paper.