The Sun.
London, England, 1852-08-30 00:00:00

Yx E SUN,

and Clerkenwell. Allusions similar to these might
readily he made to 'he " forcing" academies kept by
such savans as portly Doctor BLIMIZER. cf. B;igYon,
and depicted in the narrative of Dombey and Son—
or to the squilid heunts at once of vice and industry
revealed in The Old Curiosity Shop to the gaze of
the Sanitary Commissioners—or to other among " the
ills that (English) flesh is heir to" exposed in the five
Christmas Tales of the same author, or cursorily re-
ferred to even in the books of travels relating to Italy
and America, as well as in the miscellaneous effusions
which hive followed the merry " Sketches" and the
immortal " Pickwick." It is enough, however, to
anticipate—from those numerous embryo reforms in
various quarters which have been hastened to their
full development by the genius of CHARLES DICKENS
and carried by his beneficent efforts to their ulterior
and crowning realization—that we may at this
moment recognise the promise of Chancery Reforms
of the most comprehensive nature through the aid of
Bleak Rouse, as well as of equally comprehensive
and without doubt equally desirable reforms in the
Ecclesiastical Courts through the assistance of David
Copperfield.
As a suit in Chancery, JIENDYCE and JARNDTCE
must, indeed, by this time be regarded as no less me-
morable and significant than as a trial for Breach of
Promise was the renowned case of BARDELL versus
PICKWICK. Through it we look forward to judg-
ment being at last pronounced upon a host of other
causes—with all deference to the opinion of Miss
FLIGHT---befere " the day of judgment." Heaven
grant it may in truth be so—and that even before
evilthe
completion
Bleak
at IlIaosut: ea,'n'
dtehrisased on
for ever as
among the many monstrous evils of the laws of
abolishedEng-
maybeof`
loanndeOf the most odious blots upon the national escut-
cheon. " The Sixth Seal"—as that in the keeping of
banyc
De l lioorK
Ehsass_bbeen a s terriblysnred lassuredly
b andeen
Highna t eCdh
the
grandlyordde
open long enough—driving thousands crazy
like the
poor lodger of Kitoolr, and hundreds wild like the
unfortunate GRIDLEY, and scores to suicide like NEMO
the Opium Eater.

A beginning has actually been made in the great,
good, Augean, tremendous labour of bringing about
these long-desired reforms in the Court of Chancery.
The responsibility of carrying out this satisfactory
commencement to a still more satisfactory completion
devolves just now mediately upon Lord ST. LEoNARDS
and immediately upon the whole of the DERRY Go-
vernment. A little more—and there will be an end
of " appearing, and disappearing, and swearing, and
interrogating, and filing, and cross-filing, and ar-
guing, and sealing, and motioning, and referring, and
reporting, and revolving about the Lord Chancellor
and all his satellites, and equitably waltzing
ourselves to dusty death, about Cosh" ("Bleak
House," p. 67)—which was the dismay and the heart-
burning of poor, dear Mr. JAUNDYCE. "Blue- nosed,
bulbous-shoed old benchers" might have less " good
things to talk about in select port-wine committee
after dinner in hall"—but the world would go on a
little more happily and smoothly, and we should
have a riddance of what is, and has been for years and
years too terrible in number to think of, an inex-
haustible source of crime, and lunacy, and squalor,
and destitution. We should hear no more in any
case, of " the little plaintiff or defendant who was
promised a new rocking-horse" when it should at
length be settled, having " grown up, possessed him-
self of a real horse and trotted away into the other
world" (Ditto, p. 3). We should think less gladly
of "the good ships Law and Equity, those teak-
built, copp3r-bottomed, iron-fastened, brazen-faced,
and not by any means fast sailing Clippers," being
" laid up in ordinary" during long vacation, and less
sorrowfully of " the Flying Dutchman, with a crew
of ghostly clients implor:ng all whom they may en-
counter to peruse their papers" (Ditto, p. 183), having
drifted, about the same period, " Heaven knows
where." Englishmen would have more cause to re-
joice, each one in the possession of the favourite
palladium of his rights, and the Moniteur less reason
to hurl the shafts of its sarcasm against our venerable
and vaunted Constitution.

Hurra for the Great Unpaid! Hurra for the ma-
gistrates of Workington! They are unquestionably
men of courage and determination. No judge of the
land, no practising barrister would venture to pro-
nounce such a sentence as that referred to in another
part of this day's impression.
But what is the use of a game-law, if not enforced
with stringent severity ; whatever indulgence my be
shown in other cases, none can be extended to tho;e
who trespass against " the right divine " of
the squirearchy—the privilege of destroying the
birds, beasts, or fishes, which are supposed to afford
sport to their captors. Allowance may be made for
youth end previous good character, in charges of
peculation or assault, in anything, indeed, when the
offence is not against the game code. But that is the
unpardonable crime, for which youth offers no ex-
cuse, and in which the future consequences to the
party, however ruinous, must be wholly disregarded ;
were it otherwise, no man or body of men would
for a moment have thought of sentencing three lads,
the eldest but thirteen, and the youngest only
eleven years of age, to one month's imprisonment
each in the County Gaol, for a trifling infraction of
the game-laws.
The circumstances of the case, as detailed in the
article which we have extracted from the columns of
a weekly contemporary, are as follows :—JosErs
NICuOL, aged eleven, RICHARD SANDEESON, aged
twelve, and RICHAILD HETHERINGTON, aged thirteen
years, were a short time since, late in the
afternoon, but before sunset, found in
a mill race, wading through the water,
turning up the stones, endeavouring to catch fish, and
amusing themselves with sundry boyish frolics.
They were, however, detected in their illegal occupa-
tion. They had offended against the 7 and 8 George
IV., c. 29. It is true that they had never heard of
the provisions of that statute—that they knew not
that they had offended in any degree. Tney, how-
ever, speedily received a salutary lesson. They
were summoned to appear before the justices of
Workington. The act was not denied ; they pleaded
guilty, throwing themselves on the mercy of the
Court; and that mercy was exhibited in a month's
imprisonment in the county gaol to each of these
atrocious offenders.

Such occurrences as this (where, under the appear-
ance of Strictly carrying out the law, a great deal of
harshness, if not injustice, is perpetrated) go far to
confirm
should be relieved,
213 far as possible, from the per-
the growing opinion that the Great Unpaid
formance of such unpopular duties—far from us to
speak of them as "labours of love"—and their place
taken by district stipendiary Magistrates, with suf-
ficient knowledge of the law, and without the terri-
prisons with the worst offenders. Such ma-
have
torial predilection for sending children to herd in
the
principalucahliddrtniZtgP°Ptbe last fifteen
well
luti citiesth e and
towns,gis t r a e s , in the
done
m
be very
law, and have substantially
of the
years to vindicate the humanity as
ma-
jesty
subjects. We should done justice
MAJESTY'S euld
pleased to see the administration of the I nal2
much of the bands of the present provincial
law taken out .
duty should be limited to the
to her
Their
magistrates.
financial business of their respective counties. The
pow of summary punishment, nunishment, particularly Where
their own class-interests, as
power
landowners and game-
preservers,
preservers, are involved, should be taken from them
tent, efficient, and respon-
sibleand confided to more competent,
parties.
Petty S"sions, often commit
know
County magistrates, at
d Of law they
themselves as well as the accuse d•
next to nothing, depending for that upon attorneys,
summarily
their clerks. In numerous cases persons
convicted have the power of appeal, B°metia- es by
certiorari to the Queen's Bench, but more generally
to the Court of Quarter Sessions. 13"
bow can
persons committed to prison for inability to pay fines
afford the expense of such appeal ; and what, if they
could afford that expense, would be their chance of suc-
cess when appealing from two or three magistrates at
Petty Sessions, to the whole body at Quarter Sessions ?
It is not like the old classical appeal, " from PHILIP
drunk to PHILIP sober "—for there justice was the
result,--but from a small batch of the Great Unpaid
to the whole collective body. Viewing poachin
trespassin g and
g es sins of deep dye, the magistrates at
Quarter Sessions would be more or less than mortal if
they do not affirm convictions at Petty Sessions.
The County Court Judges are eminently qualified
to preside over the criminal buainees transacted at .

Quarter Sessions—the magistrates being relieved
from any further sham in the trial and sentencing of
prisoners. It is a well known fact that the Gr-at
Unpaid pass much heavier sentences at their Quarter
Se--ions than the Judges of the land do at the Assize
delivery. It is equaby notorious, and can be vouched
for practitioners at Quarter Sessions, that
the bylegalsentences are more severe when clerical magis-
trates attend than otherwise I Indeed we hope the
day is at hand when Lord-Lieutenants of counties
will not put clergymen upon the roll
of magistrates. As ministers of the Gospel,
they have to preach " peace upon earth," as
magistrates how often do they wield the sword of
legal oppression. As yet, only one Lord-Lieutenant
has excluded clergymen from the magistrates' roll.
In the county of Derby, there is only one clerical
magistrate—and be was a barrister when originally
appointed by the Duke of DEVONSHIRE, who did not
think that his subsequently taking Holy Orders was
sufficient ground for a supersedeas. We might almost
venture to predict that among the unnamed Work-
ington magistrates, who have sent three children to
the County Gaol, for the make-believe of fishing in a
mill. race, one was a clergyman !
The attention of the Home Secretary—a humane,
vigilant, and excellent man, and lawyer—will be
drawn, we trust, to this flagrant case. It is mon-
strous that three children, who would have been
amply punished (if they had done wrong) for trying
to fish in a mill-race by being kept without their
dinner for a day, should be committed to the conta-
mination of a county prison, by country gentlemen,
who must take the law from their own clerk. There
ought to be, for the purposes of justice, a stipendiary
magistrate who knows what law is, and will soften
it with that equity which most avails by being
much tempered with mercy. But while " The
Great Unpaid" act as judges (and dean in their own
cases), game-law prosecutions and persecutions may
be expected to flourish.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris journals of Saturday
and yesterday.
The Moniteur gives four more resolutions of
General Councils. The Councils of the Eure, Ille-et-
VilEine, and Soane, desire stability in the form of
government. That of the Var says, " France, tired
of revolutions, i 3 happy to see you preside over her
destinies."
The ad interim Administration of the War Depart-
ment, held by M. Ducos, the Minister of Marine, in
the absence of General DE ST. ARNAUD, ceased since
Saturday.
The Moniteur contradicts very positively the asser-
tions of a deficient harvest, countenanced by the Jour-
nal des Debats. It says—
" Some journals have published on the harvest of 1852
estimations which would tend to the conclusion of its
being insufficient. These journals have been misin-
formed. It results from the information received by the
Government that the harvest of 1852 will be, on the
average, equal to an ordinary year, and superior even by
a fourth in certain departments which furnish a great
part of the corn consumed in France. Upon many points
a marked fall in prices has been the result of an exact
knowledge of the facts."
The same journal gives the particulars of the
PRINCE PRESIDENT'S intended journey to the south cs
follows :
" Sept. 15, Pat is to Nevers; 16, Nevers to Moulins;
17, Moulins to Roanue; 18, Roanue to St. Etienne; 19,
8, Etienne to Lyons; 20, Lyons; 21, to Grenoble; 22,
Grenoble; 23, to Valence; 2,4,, to Avignon; 25, to Mar-
seilles; 26, Marseilles; 27, • ) Toulon; 28, Toulon; 29,
to Aix; 30, to Nimes; Oct. 1, to Montpelier; 2, to
Narbonne; 3, to Carcassone; 4, to Toulouse; s,•Tou-
louse; 6, to Agen; 7, to Bordeaux; 8 and 9 Bordeaux;
10, to Angouleme; 11, to Rochefort; 12, to La Ro-
chelle; 13, to Niort; 14, to Poictiers; 15, to Tours; 16,
Paris."

We read in the Patric...-.
for an object
whmost malevo-
lentntiary colony
"ie Thr
ehpi eto
ijrsto
sueasy
a lt
to
oeo
comprehend,
English
o spreaducro Ipone
penitentiary
ehi stee,
at Cayenne. These reports are completely false. The
sanitary state of the colony is excellent. Since the de-
parture of the different vessels, out of an ensemble of
1,900 convicts, only nine have died. Out of this number
four on leaving France were affected with serious com-
plaints, and the other five had chronic diseases which
were considered incurable. Independently of their sani..
tary state, the moral situation of the transported priso-
ners is every day impros.ng; and there is every reason
to hope that the colony, which was before in a very low
state, will receive foam these contingents elements of ac-
tivity and renewed prosperity."
The corvette La Fortune will leave Toulon on the
sth September, with 300 convicts, for Cayenne.
The following defence of the Government concern-
ing a charge lately brought against it, is given in the
official j ournal :
" Some foreign jcurnr's, faithful to the system of as-
persion tawerds the French Government, by means of
which they fur,2ish their quota of ecandal to Europe,
affirm that the tamb ra'sed in the chapel of Vincennes to
the Duke d'Enghein has been pulled down. That fune-
ral monument, formed of massive stones, and surmounted
by eevercl statues, stood in the chapel of Vincennes,
right in front of the high eltar. Its gigantic construc-
tion occupied a large space, and broke the symmetry
of the beautiful architectural liees of the temple
built by Lou'. In order to remedy the defect of uni-
formity thus produced, it was found necessary to erect in
front of it an altar to the Holy Virgin; bat these two
constructions, placed in the middle of the choirs, im-
peded the religious services, and diminished the place ap-
propriated to the congregation, The plans of a complete
restoration of the monument, which are now being exe-
cuted, were long since decided on by the military engi-
neering department, and were never submitted to the ap-
probation of the head of the Government. Without his
being informed of the matter, it was decided to remove
from the choir the tomb and the altar of the Virgin,
and transport them into two adjacent chapels opening
on the sides of the building. The tomb of the Duke
d'Enghien has already been displaced, and carried into
the chapel on the left; and the altar of the Virgin will
be re-erected in that on the right. The translation of
the cenotaph of the Duke d'Enghien took place in pre-
sence of the General commanding at Vincennes, and of
all the authorities of the place. The ceremony was ac-
complished with all the rest. ect due to the dead, and a
minute of the proceedings was regularly drawn up. The
monument is of white and black marble, and covered with
the ornaments and attributes which previously consti-
tuted its decoration, In a few days the workmen will
have completely terminated their works of restoration
in the chapel sp?cieily appropriated to it."
The PRINCE PRESIDENT of the Republic has just
decided that a commemorative monutnent shall be
raised at Courbevoi, on the spot where the mortal
remains of the Expe eon first touched the French soil.
The PRINCE has charged M. CHESINGER, the sculp-
tor, with the execution of this monument, and already
several eketches have been drawn by that artist, and
submitted to the PRESIDENT for his choice.

M. TRIERS receives every day a number of visits at
his residence in the Place St. George. Several Le-
gitimists have call on him, but he refuses positively
to enter into any political disquisitions. His friends,
however, declare that he does not Lilieve in the du-
ration of the present power ; that he looks on the re-
turn of HENRY V. as perfectly possible ; that he has
declared that he would serve that Sovereign, if a
liberal constitution were given to the country ; that
he looks lightly on the Republican party, and that
he has asserted that the Republican leaders themselves
have lost all hops of success.

The police. have taken precautions to protect
General HAYNAU. Tae Cologne Gazette states that
the departure of General HAYNAU srom Brussels for
Paris was not quite voluntary. His residence in that
capital was, it said, shortened by a notification
from the police.
The Messager du Midi relates that as a huis,ier
was about to arrest a debtor, near Peynau, the latter
perceived him coming, and (let :mined *) play him a
trick. He accordingly approached some field la-
bourers, and, in a !nye. •rious manner, asked one of
them if he perceived the man who was coming un.
" I see him," said the other, " what of him ?"
"Why," said the debtor, "heis M. TUCKER." "M.
TUCKER ? who is he ?" "He is the .inventor of the
oidium tuckerii, or tie disease in the Nines. He is an
English brewer, who, in order to sell IS h-er at a
batter rate, has poisoned the vineyards." The pea-
sants rushed at the huissier, who, not liking the
aspect of affairs, took to his heels as fast as he could,
pursued by the o hers. In his flight he enured pi i-
yate property, and at the end of a field was arrested
by ft
garde-champetre, who took him without hesita-
tion to prison,
aria an3CdEßoEueXn
fall . which he lest the next morning only to
days.ill,vv. Di the
Dutch Rhenish, 6
prospect of being laid up for some
DONESTION FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON
34:
—Sambre
Meuse,
France, 26L/g—p 63/e Luxembourg, 61/4—Northern of
7 lA—West Flanders 4,

SPA:xN:ibits-
that 3,linistry.
Lhdoteuhce_
decided
hostility.
Our accounts from M
nitre-
It jilloha-
assemble the present Cores, Ic api.ears almost certadrid r,:e ot.
dissolution, cud calling as' Prefeon'ing this ate
time enough to dissolve them should Corks. It
at the
opening. of the session,
Norhing poitive, however, is known on the matter.
Gaceta Militi r givc) £ga
r
Qw en ISABELLA 13 ill an interesting eport that the
situation.
BOUBSE.—Three per Cen4-3., 453
g• Exchange on
London, 50 25