The Sun.
London, England, 1864-03-08 00:00:00

/d Xe fie z
P AP

N°. 22,371.

THE SUN, LONDON TUESDAY EVENING, MARCH 8, 1864.

CILDHALL. 24th February, 1864.—The
COMMITTEE for LETTING the CITY'S LANDS
will MEET at GUILDH%LL, on WEDNESDAY, the
9th March next, at One o'clock prccisely, to receive PRO-
POSALS for a LEASE of the PREMISES, No,. 71 and. 72,
Mark-lane, Pcnchurch-street, in the Gty of London.
A Plan of the Premises may be seen, and Forms of fender
obtained, upon application at the Architect's Office, Guild-
hall.

PERSONS SEEKING LANDED
ATES, TOWN AND COUNTRY RESIDENCES,
FREEHOLD AND LEASEHOLD INVESTMENTS, AND
PROPER TIES GENERALLY—
TO BE HAD GRATIS, at the principal Railway Bookstalls
throughout the kingdom, or at the Auction and Estate Offices,
No. 67, Chancery-lane, London, Messrs. K and 11. Lumley's
"FREE PROPERTY REGISTER," containing a varied selection
of landed and house properties now in the market, from
the nobleman's mansion, with its manorial domain, to the
cottage with its few acres.
OWNERS OF PROPERTIES wi.ihing to Sell or Let can em-
brace the opportunity that the medium of this Register
affords, by sending the particulars of their properties to the
Estate Offices, 67, Chancery-lane, London, as the Messrs.
Lumley can in most cases introduce immediate customers,
where the property is of an eligible character, thereby avoid-
inf.; the disadvantages of delay and its attendant incon-
veniences. . .

THE ENGLISH end FOREIGN LIBRARY
COMPANY (Limited),
15, ,Old Bond-street, W.
DIRECTORS.
Major-General Sir HENRY C RA W L INSON,K.C. 8., F. R.S ,
1, Hill-street, Berkeley-square, Chairman.
Right Hon. Viscount Bury, M.P,, 48, Rutland-gate.
The Very Rev. the Dean of Chichester, F.R.S.
The Rev. G. R. Gleig, Chaplain-General to the Forces, 8,
Warwick-square.

FERDINAND BRAND, Comptroller.

H E VINTAGE WINE COMPANY
11 Supply theiFtiblic, at a small advance on wholesale
prices, with every description of Wines and Spirits. Terms,
Cash.
THE VINTAGE CNIIDA. SHERRY at 18s. per doz.
THE VINTAGE CHAMPAGNE
THE VINTAGE CLARET ... Is. „
THE VINTAGE PORT from 20s. „
Medical and Cleric it Testimonials, together with the Illus-
trated Vintage-Almanac, containing full detailed Price L.st,
post free on application.
Four Dozen Wire sent Carriage Free.

Charles New Esq., M.P., Oriel College, Oxford.
Coleridge J. Kennaird, Esq , F.lt G. 8.,
Ferdinand Freiligrath, Esq., Bank of Switzerland, Royal
Exchange- buildings. Fenohurch-street
John William Kaye, Esq., 59. Lincoln's-inn-fields
Robert Bell, Esq , F.R S.L., 14, York-street, Puriman-square
John Ball, Esq. (Messrs Quiiter and Ball), 3, Moorgate-
street, E.C: •
The Company guarantee the circulation of all new works
of value or interest immediately after publication,
Pl. The Library embraces si.ecial departments of sc'ence and
the liberal professions, And of foreign literature in all its
branches.

SHAKSPERE SCHOOL OF THE ROYAL
DRAMATIC COLLEGE.
Under the Patronage of her Most Gracious Majesty the
QUEEN and his Royal Highness the PRINCE of

TIAEREji NO err IRGE incurred, unless a tenant or pur-
cnnser risMatroduced through Messrs. Lumley's Agency,
and then onlythe usual moderate commission.
Auction and Land Officei, 67, Chancery-lane, London.

Works not in the Library are purchased at the request o:
subscribers. _
__

14, Bloomsbury-street, 4 &ors south of
New Oxford-street.

J7iURNITURE, CARPETS, REDDING, and
FLOORCLOTIT, CARRIAGE-FREE to any house m
the kingdom, regardless of amount or distance. First. class
goods at second-class prices. Terms peculiarly liberal to
Clergymen and Gentlemen. An immense stock to select
rom, displayed in Shbwrcoms occupying an acre of ground.
Every article warranted
CLE tiGYMEN and GENTLEMEN ABOUT TO FUR-
NISH are respectfully informed that Messrs. Cobbett and
are publishing an entirely New Edition of their un-
eqhalled HOUSE FURNISHING GUIDE, illustrated by4lo
hdo, -able engravings of every description of Furniture and
A.ecisteads, with prices attached. A copy sent path; and
post-free on application. This costly work also contains
complete estimates for furnishing on the following revised
eale
A Six-roomed Parsonage £74 3 0
An Eight-roomed ditto
A Ten-roomed ditto ........
A Twelve-roomed ditto
fogettigx with a Prica-Listl/40-purifled AitriaNkluidaidnis
of valnaille infcremationto all requiring househ 31d furniture, -
-.-I,rpetr, or bedding. References kindly permitted to Clergy-
men and gentlemen in or near Great Malvern. Southampton,
Chichester. Bury, Ely, Preston, Grimsby, Hyde, Plymouth,
Wells. Oxford. Brighton, Gainsboroturh, Margate. Kidder-
minster, Wellington. Croydon. Cambridge, Staines, Dorking,
St. Alban's, Worcester, Ipswich, Peterborough, St. David's,
Wrexham, and above 500 ocher places in all parts of Great
iir‘t a L.
COBBETT and CO.. General House Furnishers, Deptford-
bridge, London, S.E,

Books.are delivered to town subscribers by the Company's
carts daily with a radiu!..4hree miles, ant twice weekly
within five miles. • .
Term of subscriptionjrd wo guineas upwards. Details
of terms for town and c! subscribers forwarded on ap-
lication.
Holders of 10 shares and ands entitled to special ad-
vantages as subscribers.-
SAMUEL IiEVAN, Secy.

THE ALBION BANK (LIMITED'
Capital £1,000,000 in 20,000 Shares of £5O each.

First Issue, 10,0 0 Shares.
Deposit £1 per Share on Application, and £1 per Share on

Allotment.

It is not intended to call up more than £l5 per Share. No
call will be made for three months after allotment. Thrt=e
months interval, at least, will elapse between two calls, and
no call will exceed £5 per Share.
To be Incorporated under the Joint-Stock Companies Act
of 180, whereby each shareholder's liability is limited to the
amount of his shares.

NEW WORK BY THE DUKE OF MANCHESTER
Now ready, in 2 vols. Bvo., With Fine Portraits, 305.,
COURT' AND SOCIETY, from ELIZABETH
to ANNF. Edited, from the Papers at Kimbolton,
by the DUKE of •MANCHESTER.
From the Times.—" These volumes are sure to excite
curiosity. A great deal of interesting matter is here collected
from sources which are not within everybody's reach."
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great.Mariborough-street.

Now ready, post Bvo., with 23 Illustrations, 10s. 6d„
LEGENDS OF ICELAND. Translated by
GEORGE E. J. POWELL and EIRIKUR MAGNUSSON.
Richard Bentley, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.

Immediately, in Two Vols. Bvo., with Map, price 325.,
NIEXICO: ANCIENT AND MODERN,
By MICHEL CHEVALIER,
Member of the Institute and Senator of France.
London: John Maxwell and Co., 122, Fleet-street.

Next week, in Two Vol post Bvo., price 2!5.,
D WELLERS ON THE THRESHOLD
By W. H. DAVENPORT ADAMS,
Author of "Famous Beauties and Historic Women," &c.
Lo :don : John Maxwell and Co., 122, Fleet-street.

Now Ready, price 6d., stampel 9d.,
THE AUTO GRAPHIC MIRROR.
Contents of No. 2.
Christian IV. of Denmark, ; Sir P. Sidney, Washington,
Nelson, Nesselrode, Metternich, Dinnouriez, Ellesmere,
Coleridge, Mrs. Trot lope, the Countess of Derby (Miss Ferretti,
Charles Kean, Charles Mathews; and Sketches, with Auto-
graphs, by the late Mr. Thackeray and John Leech.

.
No. 3. with four more pages, and printed on superior paper,
will be ready on the 15th inst., price ls. The dates of publi-
cation will for the future be the Ist and 15th of every month.
,Temporary Office-110, Strand, W.C.

TH E O X FO R
.1, OXFORD STREET, 19.

THIS EVENING, will be performed the new and success-
ful Opera, by M. Guonod, FAU iT, embracing the entire
company of this establishment, with augmented band and
chorus ; and other Musical Entertainments, supported by the
following talented artistes : —Misses Russell, Fitz-Henry,
Tyrrell,,W almsley ; Messrs. Morley, Tivoli, Green, &C.

Director, Mr. F. Jonghinans.

UNSWORTH and EUGENE will make their re-appear•
ance This Evening.

Comedy, by Mr. T. Macloaan, N. Randall, G. Ilutehenson
G. W. :Tester, Miss Nelly Powor (the Juvenile comedienne),
Aze,.

Will shortly be produoei, THE MEItRY WIVES OF
WINDSOR, by Otto Nicoll; an i TIIE TWO GENTLE-
MEN OF VERONA, by Sir Henry Bishop.
Admission—Area, 6d. ; stalls and balcony, ls. ; private
boxes, 10s. 6d.

CANTERBURY HALL.
The Fairy Entertainment, entitled

PRINCE BLOSSOM IN THE LAND OF SHADOWS !
Is written expressly for this establishment by W. F. Vander-
veil, author of the celebrated " Enchanted flash," and en-
ables Mr. Morton, with the aid of Professor Pepper's Optical
Illusion (known as the Ghost), to produce effects never before
contemplated, and which have all teen duly registered by
him and Mr. .T. H. Weston under the title of " The Ghost in
the Magic Fountains." By this ivw arrangement, that
which is in reality nothing but a shadow, becomes to all ap-
pearance endowed with life, and when " Fame" takes her
flight through ihe burning. Cataracts, and the Naiads seek
their beds in the Crystal Waters, form a coup d'ceil of beauty
unparalleled even in fairy romance.
Prince Blossom (with the Song of all Nations), Miss Townley.
The Marvellous Illusion will take place every Evening at
half-past Nine o'c
All the wonderful entertainment of the establishment, as
usual, in addition to the above.

Admission—Area, 6d ; Stalls and Balcony, is.
Open every Evening.

ROYAL ALHAMBRA.-
LAST WEEK of FRANCONI'S TROUPE.

ROYAL ALHAMBRA.-
LAST SIX NIGHTS of FIIANCONI'S CIRQUE.

ROYAL ALH AMBRA.—
ENTIRE CHANGE on MONDAY, March 7th, The
Greatest Attractions ever produced in London.

BRITON MEDICAL AND GENERAL LIFE
ASSOCIATION.
Chief Office', 429, Strand, London.
The ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Share-
holders of the Briton Medical and General Life Association
will be held at the Chief Offices, N 0.429, Strand, on THURS-
DAY, the 17th day of March, 1864, at Two o'clock, p.m.. fcr
the purpose of receiving the Directors' Report and Balance-
Sheet tor the past year, the Elect on of Directors and Audi-
tors, the Declaration of a Dividend, and for the transaction
of the ordinary business of sueh meetings.
By Order of the Board,
JOHN MESSENT, Secretary.
Dated this 7th day of March, 1864.

ECONOMIC LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
6, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars.

London, 26th February, 1864.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That the ORDINARY
ANNUAL COURT, and also that an EXTRAORDINARY
QUINQUENNIAL GENERAL COURT, will be held at
Radley's Hotel, Bridge-street, Blackfrlars, on SATURDAY,
the HUI March, 1864, at Two o'clock precisely, for the follow-
ing purposes:—

ORDINARY ANNUAL COURT.
let. To consider and receive the Auditors' Report for the
year 1863 ; and
2dly. To elect Auditors for the present year.

EXTRAORDINARY ANI) QUINQUENNIAL COURT.
let. To consider and receive the Report of the Directors
upon the value of the Funds of the Society, and its
engagements; and the Valuation of the Policies,
prior to declaring a Bonus.
2dly. To declare the Sum to be allotted to the Members of
the Society as a B mus ; and
3dly. To elect four Directors, in consequence of the following
going out of office, by ballot, viz.:—
Henry Barnett, Esq.
ltip,ht Hon. E. P. Bouverie,
Edward Clurrinzton, EFq.
Pascoe Charles Glyn, Esq.

These gentlemen being, by the 153 d Article of the Deed of
Settlement, immediately eligible to be re-elected, are recom-
mended severally by the Board of Directors.
As the (Resolutions of the Extraordinary General Court
will require confirmation, so Saturday, the 2d April, is ap-
pointed ior that purpose, at Two o'clock precisely.
By order of the Board of Directors,
ALEXANDER BIACDONALD. Secretary.

MADAME TUSSAUD'S HISTORICAL
GALLERY; established 28 years at the Bazaar,
Baker-street

NEW ADDITION.—A full-length Model of JEFFE ESON
DAVIS, President of the Confederate States; also, a full-
length Model of PRESIDENT LINCOLN.
Admittance, is. ; extra rooms, 6d. Open from 11 till dusk,
and from 7 till 10.

ARGYLL ROOM S, Windmill-street,
Piccadilly,
IS OPEN EVERY EVENING.
During the eventnc; an unparalleled repertoire of Dance
Music, Selections and Overtures, is performed by the cele-
brated Argyll Band, forty in number.
Doors Open ct Half-past 8, commence at 9.
Admission Is.

Manager, M. GRENET.

44A, MADDOX-STREET. REGENT-STREET, W.
THE LONDON ANATOMICAL MUSEUM.
Open daily from 10 till 10. Where may be seen the
Astecs; Bushman and Wife; Julia Pastrana and Infant;
Eng and Shang., the Siamese Twins; and upwards of 3,000
Models, Natural Preparations, &o. Egyptian Mummies,
unwrapped, 4,000 years old. Admission, One shilling (tor
Gentlemen only).

3irWAsif and ALABASTER POWDER Beautiful
EL'S CIRCASSIAN
for evAerD.-4A7III,ENew BondA-estilreet

ft
6d.; free by post, 7d.
MAN'S PHONOGRA-
S H 0
cA NT
EDA.
C—HPE

SHORTHAND.-PITMAN'S PHONOGRA-
PHIC MANUAL. Pree by post, 18. Bd.

Q H 0 It 'P H A N D.-"PITMAN'S PHONO
GRAPHY forms an exceedingly efficient —probably
the MOST efficient—system of Shorthand that exists."—Sir
Rowland Hill.

BENSON'S WATCHES, adapted for any clitnite
and country; wholesale and retail. Chronometer,
duplex, lever, horizontal, vertical, re eating, centre seconds,
keyless, astronomical, reversible, and chronograph watches,
from 200 to three guineas each.
An illustrated pamphlet and price list of every description
of watch post free for two stamps.
J. W. BENSON, by special warrant of appointment watch
and clock maker to H.R.H. the linos of Wales. Manufac-
tory, 33 and 34, Ludgate-hill, E.C.

THE EMBARRASSED in Town and Country
should read " THE PLAIN GUIDE TO BANK-
RUPTCY AND COMPOSITIONS," showing*
what can be
legall done, and the exact cost. To had gratis and post
free ofy Mr. Wetherfield, Solicitor of the Court, 25, Moorgate-
street, Bank.
N.B.—Debts recovered on commission, without law ex-
pences to clients.

eyofretmh:livet- and bowels,
KAYE'S WORSDELL'S PILLS. 'These Pills
are a purely vecretable preparation, and may be taken
t any time by either sex vrithout fear or danger. They act
,e all oppressive
upon the bowels mildly yet effectually, and by their fine tonic,
accumulations,ero
strengthen the stomach, and purify the blood. Unlike many
remedies, they do not induce liability to take cold or esta-
blish a necessity for the habitual use of Eurgatlyes, and are
mal aromatic, and
regu aperientl a
tethe secretions properties, t h
thus strongly recommended as the BEST FAMILY
MEDICINE.
Prepared solely by John Kaye, Esq.. of Prospect Hall,
Woodford, Essex. Sold by all chemists and other dealers in
patent medicines, at Is lid, 2s 9d, and 4s 6d. Wholesale
Depot, 22, Bread-street, London.

SOHO ESTATE, HOUSE, AND GENERAL
BUSINESS AGENCY OFFICES.—Persons requiring.
Freehold or Leasehold Property, or havine Business and
Houses to be disposes of, should apply to Mr. CHARLES
MURRAY, Auctioneer and Valuer, 26, Gerrard-street,
Soho, W.
Valuations for Probate Administration, Fire Claims, Rail-
way Compensations, &a Rents Collected.

PRIZE MEDAL—INTERNATIONAL
EXHIBITION, 1862.
FRANCIS TUCKER Sr CO., Wax Chandlers, &0., U.,
To the Queen and the Prince of Wales.
(Established 1720.)
The Jurors' Report on Wax and Church Candles, in 1862.
testifies to ,he excellence of the quality of Messrs. Tuckers'
manufacture.
A distinguished Dignitary,in a letter addressed to Francis
Tucker and Co., on the subject of
WAX CANDLES with PLATTED WICKS,
says:--
" I have found them fully equal to the recommendation
can sincerely,
which you gave them, andin my turn, I com-
mend them to the clergy for the use of the altar." •
Finest quality, with Platted Wicks, patented.. 6. 2d. per lb.
Ordinary quality .. •• • • • • .. ,s. Od. per lb.
VEGETABLE CANDLES, with a Mixture of Wax.
Best quality .. .. • • •• • • .. Is. sd. per lb.
.. Second quality • • • • • • .. le. 3d. per lb.
Third quality .. .. • • • • • • .. Is. id. per lb.
square.
Carriage paid in London on Orders of Five Pounds in value.
FRANCIS TUCKER AND CO.,
8, South Molton-street, Grosvenor. Manufactory—
Kensington (Established 1730),
The largest Establishment in England for the Manufacture
of Wax Candles for the use of the Altar.

.. .. _
. .
A,.,.:_.
....„, ~•
•
//-
. .
.7.......„,
41 b 4.. k 1110,
L...___ •
.-
:' :'i;Al-. •
yµl
'.O
'',(/etv.% •--• 3 _ _
_. . „--,
'-'-i -1:E-
-v‘-'")))\-• 1 '; fl, <t". -...
- - • ' .. „ er.t../ '
"..
.S---....?r,4,/,' - dirj;,_.. :": :::::..I.\--7.471:2)442.".::_64.4? "44
E"--. _ .44;1ii.,_. 4.: - --v , • ''',4l!_:;4s
•
......'---;".'''' 1)
1 '''''''.. t"tiii. " '''',l Zii•-• :. : 'e4s—cst',,—de'l ' --DE.rr. '.. \ ii. ' -.1-:,----
---
4-

PRICE ...... ...4d.
STAMPED.....Sd.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOIJRNALS

POST.—Great astonishment has been expressed in
some quarters at the new organisation of slavery
inaugurated by the Federals, on the ground that it
is such an outrageous proceeding. But a moment's
reflection will satisfy any one who has watched the
progress of affairs since the war of secession broke
out that this is a reason for not being astonished at
all. Tho organisation of siavery by those who pre-
tended to make war for abolition is quite in charac-
ter with their other acts, it not with their professions.
They have told us openly that the emancipation
proclamation was a war measure vi hich was only to
apply to " rebels," and not to " loyal" slaveuwners.
Besides, it is perfectly well known that the North
went to war that it might not lose the profits it has
hitherto contrived to extract from the South, whose
prosperity and wealth are the product of slave
labour. Free whites will not go there to work, and
could not work there if they went; at least, not
profitably, as the blacks can, and will do when
they are made, but certainly would not do if
freed and left to themselves. It was therefore
evident, to all who really understood the facts of
the case, that as soon as the Federals had any large
number of negroes to deal with, they would, after
a few unsatisfactory experiments, restore the old
institution under a new name. We must admit,
however, we ere not surprised that the new dis-
pensation promulgated by General Banks should
have excited the astonishment it has done, par-
ticularly when we reflect that it includes the
slavery of whites as well as blacks. But then,
again, does not the American gospel teach us that
all men are born equal, and that the blacks are as
good as the whites? As, therefore, they find it
inconvenient to raise the black labourer, they set
about sinking the white one to his level. Besides,
the way in which the complexions of men grow
1 darker or lighter, from the blackest to the fairest
hue, presents an infinite series of imperceptible gra-
dations. Where is the line to be drawn ? Rough-
and-ready Federal generals and statesmen do not
stand nice upon trifles like this. The new slavery
—not emancipation—proclamation, recently issued
by General Banks, and applicable to the whole
State of Louisiana, shows no respect for persons,
makes no distinction of caste, or class. All are
fish that come to his net, and slavery, in fact, if not
in name, is their portion. The proclamation re-
cites a good many moral commonplaces, and such
good old truisms as are much in request for chil-
dren's copy-slips. " Labour is a public duty."
" Idleness and vagrancy are a crime." " Toil is
the condition of existence with all the children of
God." Fortified with all these excellent platitudes,
General Banks, as the organ of the Federal Govern-
ment, proceeds to decree that " labourers shall ren-
der to their employer, between daylight and dark,
ten hours in summer and nine hours in winter of re-
spectful, honest, faithful labour," for which they are
to receive payment according to a fixed scale speci-
fied in the proclamation, "in addition to just
treatment, healthy rations, comfortable clothing,
quarters, fuel, medical attendance, and instruction
fur children." But " wages will be deducted in case
of sickness, and rations also when sickness is
feigned. Indolence, insolence, disobedience to orders,
and crime will be suppressed by forfeiture of pay
arid such punishments as are provided for similar
offences by army regulations. Sunday work will
be avoided when practicable, but, when necessary,
will be considered as extra labour, and paid at the
rates specified." After this sweeping ordinance we
are told that " labourers will be permitted to choose
their employers, but when the agreement is made
they will be held to their engagement for the year,
under the protection of the Government. In cases
of attempted imposition, by feigning sickness or
stubborn refusal of duty, they will be turned over
to the provost marshal of the parish, for labour
upon the public works without pay." The la-
bourer having exercised the highest right in the
choice anil place of employment, must be held to
the fulfilment of his engagements until released
therefrom by the Government." The enlist-
ment of any more black soldiers is put a stop
to. A military police is to be organised out of
"invalid soldiers." Soldiers of any colour are not
to be allowed henceforth to visit plantations, appa-
rently that the mind of the "labourers" should not
be unsettled thereby, and the new organisation of
slavery interfered with. The " plantation hands"
—no restriction as to colour—" will not be allowed
to pass from one place to another." Masters are
to make muster rolls of " the labourers" in their
service. The possession of concealed arms is a
punishable offence. "Flogging and other cruel
punishments are interdicted," although, as we have
seen, " labourers" are to be punished for "indo-
lence, insolence, and disobedience" in like manner
as soldiers. " Labourers" are to be permitted to
cultivate land in portions varying from a quarter
to a whole acre in size. Banks are to be opened for
the savings of labourers, so that the Government
will their banker, and hold their funds in its cus-
tody. The transportation of negroes to other coun-
tries will not be approved, so that it seems the
North have found out the necessity of keeping and
utilizing them at home. " The planter and the
negro," we are didactically told, "comprehend
the revolution," but the overseer doesn't. In seems
ho " dislikes the trouble of thinking, and discredits
the notion that anything new has occurred. lie is
a relic of the past, and adheres to its customs,"
Therefore, where his " incomprehension (of the
new order of things) is chronic, reduced wages,
diminished rations, and the mild punishments
imposed by the army and navy will do good."
There is a strong twang of General Butler in all
this, and one is almost inclined to suspect he is the
inventorof the new organisation of slavery, and the
framer of the proclamation in which it is announced.
Towards the end of this curious document, the
paragraphs, which are all numbered throughout
like the clauses of an act of Parliament, are of great
length, and commence in an incoherent oracular sort
of way, diverging into a garrulous strain of weak
moralising over things in general. Section 22
begins with enlarging upon the blessings of " suc-
cessful industry," and winds up, after running on
to a great length, with a eulogy upon the new
organisation of slavery and the immense benefits
conferred upon the South. No. 23 is still more dis-
cursive and rhapsodical, beginning with the modest
statement, that" a more majestic and wise clemency
human history does not exhibit ;" and ending with
the grandiloquent assertion that " the yellow har-
vest must wave over the crimson field of blood, and
the representatives of the people displace the agents
of purely military power." But this seductive dal-
liance only lulls to deceive, for the 24th clause
must wake up the citizens of Louisiana with a
start. With prodigious verbosity it gives
them to understand that they must either enter
the Northern armies and fight for the Northern
cause, or else vote for candidates representing
the Northern policy and principles; if they
don't do that they must make np their
mind to be outlaws. The " restoration of civil
government," which means the restoration
of the Union, is a " solemn duty upon all persons,"
who are invited to participate in the measures
" suggested" for its re-establishment. " Open hos-
tility cannot be permitted. Indifference will be
treated as a crime, and faction as treason. Men who
refuse to serve their country with the ballot-box or
the cartridge-box have no just claims to the benefits
of liberty regulated by law." Therefore, "all people
aro called upon to take the oath of allegiance," which
is " the test of unconditional fealty to the Govern-
ment and all its measures." The last clause is
short, and to the purpose. It says, with equal
brevity and force, that the so-called " amnesty for
the past is conditioned upon unreserved loyalty for
the future, and this condition will be enforced with
an iron hand." We recognise Butler's hand here.
" Whoever is indifferent or hostile must choose
t
be-
tween the liberty which foreign hands affor
poverty of the rebel States and the innumerable and
inappreciable blessings which our Government
confers upon its people." These concluding words
contain a delicacy and refinement of sarcasm which
is beyond Butler. To introduce such words not only
into a document generally referring to the present
state of America, but a document promulgating a
duplicate system of slavery, embracing labourers of
all colours and citizens of every rank, implies a
profundity of satirical pathos beneath whose depth
we can hardly conceive a lower still. The blessings
of such a system, if not " innutnerable," are tin-
e inappreciable."
questionably
TIMES.—In one of the most masterly statements
which he has ever made, the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer explained last evening the principles and
details of the Governmmt Annuities Bill. It is,
indeed, a measure of striking novelty, and so likely
to be fraught with important consequences that we
can well understand how cautious politicians ask
time for inquiry and consideration. That the Go-
vernment should enter as a competitor into one of
the most intricate paths of industry, that it should
offer the security of the nation in competition with
the security of private companies, that it should
scarcely refrain from trenching on the domain of
the great Associations of London and Edinburgh,
white it threatens to overwhelm the legion of
Friendly Societies and minor Assurance Offices of all

re`etr,feet,
:*ec,
kids with its gigantic compel liti n, is a propose :
that naturally startles the timid :, while it excites alt
the animosity of Directors and ;Secretaries. But, lect.
considering the arguments of l%tr. Gladstone,_ we hp
cannot help corning to the conceusion that such a
scheme as he recommends is not only not unjust
to those Societies which deserve /consideration, but
will prove a great boon to that large class.
which has so little knowledge, so few good.
advisers, and so many who are ready to take
advantage of its trustfulness and ignorance.
The object of the Government Bill is to ex-
tend to the hurnb le purchaser of an annuity or
insurer of his life that security which the more
wealthy classes pass ass. We all know what the
father of a family who wishes to insure his life for
so many hundred or thousand pounds eau do. Ile
can inquire among his ;`'cis ride as to a substantial-
and trustworthy office, and hen make his proposal
tc borne association which reek ons its accumulations
by hundreds of thousands, aim' which gives him a
guarantee as perthct as can be a:forded by any com-
mercial institution. Unless he to guilty of strange
imprudence, he need have little fear that the money
which ho lays by out of his year.'y income for the
payment of premiums will be throevn away, or that
in a few years he will be agonised b learning t hat
the fund to which ho looked for the s upport of his
wife or his (laugh; ers when he wee in e he grave has
been squandered in speculation or cliche nestly ap-
pr. iated Life Assurance, as carried on for the benefit
of the middle class and those above them, ie on a
basis sufficiently sound. But how different 10 the
case with the poor! Who that knows anything
of the small Insurance Cqmpanies, the legion of
Friendly Societies and Benefit Clubs, can fail to
pity the class which is reduced to trust in Asso-
ciations so thoroughly unsound ? Our readers will
not have forgotten the discussions of a few months
since, when the carelessness, the ignorance, and the,
profligacy with which many of these Societies are
conducted were made the subject of public com-
ment in consequence of the report of the Registrar.
The true position of the honest working class with
respect to such Associations is most pitiable. We
have in this country at least a million families
which are earning in good times more than enough
to keep them, but which can never hops to accumu-
late enough to be independent of the changes of
trade or the stroke of sickness or accident, and, if
the father wishes to provide for wife and children
byLife Assurance, cannot afford to make the invest-
ment on such a scale as to obtain the security of a
respectable Office. All these are the victims of the
small Associations which are spread over the coun-
try ; and how lamentable are the consequences may,
be learnt from the reports from which Mr. Glad-
stone confesses that he received the impulse to pre-
sent his new plan to the Legislature. Far be it
from us to say that in all, or, indeed, in many, of
these cases there is deliberate fraud. Many of them
are constituted in such a manner that their mem-
bers walk happily and unsuspiciously down the path
of ruin. The principles on which all Associations of
this kind depend for success are a union of high
scientific accuracy with considerable knowledge of
business and of the best modes of dealing with
large sums of money. The computations of the
Actuary are among the most delicate and ingenious
to which the mind can be applied, and require also
an accurate record of facts respecting which the
class of persons who organise and carry on the pru-
dential associations of the working classes have
little knowledge. What wonder, then, that we hear
of interest being paid which proper calculations
easily show to be ruinous; that the expenses of
officers and agents are out of all proportion to the
income; that societies are supposed to have a cer-
tain available capital when in truth they are about
that very sum worse than nothing ? What wonder
that failure of apparently the most stupid end dis-
graceful kind should be of constant occurrence, in-
volving disappointment, and perhaps ruin, to hun-
dreds of the honest poor? Mr. Gladstone, having
considered these evils, now comes forward to propose
a partial remedy. That the working classes wish to
save is proved by the existence of the immense num-
ber of associations which weekly or monthly receive
their money to an aggregate amount of millions
in the year. That this same class is fully aware
that the Government is the best debtor it can have,
even though its promises be far less magnificent
than those of some neighbouring signboard, has
been proved by the success of the Post-office Savings-
banks. Encouraged by the great and speedy popu-
larity of those institutions, Mr. Gladstone wishes
now to give the poor the security of the country after
a manner which has never been thought of before,
but which appears to have on its side every theo-
retical reason for success. The Government will
grant Deferred Annuities insuring to the labouring
man a support in old age in consideration of an
annual payment during the strength of life, and it
will also endeavour to develope the highest and
most unselfish form of prudence by granting
assurances on lives to the value of £lOO. The
moral benefit which the power of securing such
a sum to his family must bring to the working
man need nut be dwelt upon. There is hardly
any influence more likely to raise a man above
the temptations of sensuality and display than
the consciousness that he has at his disposal a con-
siderable sum, which he can leave to whom he
pleases, the continued possession of it being secured
by his denying himself certain indulgences, As a
sequel to the Savings-bank system the philan-
thropist can desire nothing better than the esta-
blishment of Life Assurance among the poor, the
only real question being whether the Government
should conduct such an enterprise. On this subject
Mr. Gladstone spoke at some length; but we do not
think that a defence of the abstract right of the
Government to engage in such undertakings was
needed. The nation may surely do in its corporate
capacity anything which it is convinced can be bet-
ter done by itself than if left to individuals. If it
coins all our gold and silver and carries all our
letters, it surely has the right to assist the poor to
obtain a better security for their savings. The im-
portant question is whether it is expedient to do
this, and to interfere with the numerous Asso-
ciations which will muster in opposition under
the banner of private enterprise. With regard to
this, we think that Mr. Gladstone's explanations
are sufficient to recommend the scheme to the coun-
try. Tho cry of " Government interference" is ono
which a consideration of precedents ought effectually
to silence. Government has " interfered with
industrial enterprise" for many a year, since it has
granted annuities, and has also, as Mr. Gladstone
triumphantly shows, subsidised Friendly Societies
very substantially. There is nothing unjust in the
scheme ; for the solid Associations of a higher class
will not be touched by it, while the lower are in such
a state that the competition of Government accuracy
and honesty will do good both to them and the
public. Will, then, the scheme be successful as a
financial measure ? Mr. Gladstone does not doubt
that a satisfactory answer can be given to the ques-
tion, and it is obvious that the Government has
many advantages from its universality, its unlimited
credit, and the general trustworthiness of its agents.
One point of the scheme is especially interesting.
It will naturally occur to any one who thinks on
the question that the discrimination between good
and bad lives must bo of very great importance
among the artisans, some of whom are engaged in
most unhealthy occupations. Mr. Gladstone assures
us that " the value of life in the case of a labouring
man is a matter of comparatively simple calcula-
tion," and cites the medical officer of an industrial
assurance company, who says, "In the case of indus-
trial assurances we scarcely look at our patients,"
men,
value
all of
for " the employment and the general character as
palpably known to all the world are in the long
run a sufficient and satisfactory test of the
the lives." If this means that the en,
supposed sober, the trade determines the longevity,
it will be interesting to learn whether this prin-
ciple will be applied by the Government in the
great scheme which it proposes.

TEE DANISH CRUISERS OFF DIINBAR.—The
Danish cruisers are still in the offing, and are evi-
dentlylook-out for prizes. We have hoard
of no r
okoereep
capturesingaehp
a r;
but on Friday morning a very excit-
ing chase showed how closely they are keeping watch and
ward over the mouth of the Forth. About daybreak a
large foreign vessel was observed to the eastward of the
town, hugging the land much more closely than is gene-
rally done by vessels of size. As it seemed to be endea-
vouring to keep within the limits allowed on neutral ground,
suspicions were aroused, and its progress was watched by a
number of the townsfolk, who with glass in hand assembled
in the Castle Park for that purpose. After it had rounded
the point and got safely into the Forth, between the Bass
and the May, it was thought that it had escaped the notice
of the cruisers. Iu a short time, however, a long, lowl
rakish-looking craft shot out from behind the May Island,
and stood right over on the track of the vessel. A most ex-
citing chase then commenced. The cruiser instantly clapped
on all sail, and the black smoke belching out ever and anon
from the funnel showed that they were no less intent on
getting up all the steam they could command. The large
vessel soon saw its danger, and immediately every inch of
canvas was spread to the breeze. On they both went at a
tremendous rate, but it was soon evident that the coveted
l
prize would escape. Very luckily fur it a strong breeze had
sprungg
auvii)o,
gand h
o both
advantagewi n a
on
f
d lido
considerable
were in s favour, been-
d
start.t W h
last seen the two were somewhere above the Bass, and a
parting shot was observed to be sent after the fugitive as it
stood away to the northward under a heavy press of sail,
with a " wet sheet and a flowing sea."—Scot's tan.

Persons in debt may obtain instant protection against
imprisonment or seizure of their goods, and an entire release
from all debts and liabilities Without publicity, by application
to Messrs. Marshall, sollo:tors of the Court of Bankruptcy.
Chargesa i s
hunder
s
£5) payable by easy instalments. Offices—
b l
I'2, Hatton-garden. City branch-6, steLO,
Moor-
gate-street, Bank—ADVT.

)
) '.7.:7.'",
c"-•
;.-.!>r
r—t
1,:',4