The Sun.
London, England, 1864-11-03 00:00:00

BAVARIA.

A report lately published by M. Boner, Secre-
tary ------
of Legation at Munich, gives some details of
interest respecting that country. Thirty years
ago, he says, Munich was the rendezvous of numer-
ous foreign families distinguished by rank, fortune,
and social position, attracted by the hospitality of
the Court, the charm of society in that capital, the
celebrated collections of works of art, and the
beauty of the Bavarian scenery. But when the
railways of Saxony offered to families visiting Ger-
many the advantage of rapidity and economy, then
the costly post routes of Baden and Bavaria were
abandoned, and Dresden became preferred to
Munich. The lesson was not lost, and Bavaria
set coursgeously to work. The spirit of enter-
prise was awakened, and railways were cone
strutted v;herever they were required. What
above all distinguishes the administrations of the
railways in Germany is the attention paid to the
convenience and security of travellers. From returns
drawn up with care it appears that in 1862 the rail•
ways of the German Union carried 65,600,000 pas»
sengers over 1,689,000,000 miles of line. Notwith-
standing that enormous traffic, accidents occurred
to only 18 persons, and of these five only were
killed ; again, the injuries of six persons and the
death of one arose from circumstances independent

of administrative control. A curious calculation,
which throws some light on the economic question,
has been made. The number of travellers and
the quantity of goods carried on the German lines
in 1862 being taken as the basis, with the
average weight which a pair of German horses can
draw, the calculation shows that 96,074 horses
would have been required for the transport of the
passengers and 273,185 for the merchandise—in all
369,232. The cost for the stabling, keep, harness,
grooms, and coachmen for those horses during ore
year would have been 231,000,000 f., while the out®
lay on the German lines during that period was
only 132,300,0001. Germany has, therefore, effected
a saving in a year of 98,700,000 f. by the use of
railways. The advantage of those means of com-
munication is thus demonstrated materially -and
without any possible contestation. M. Boner de-
clarea that the postal movement is the thermometer
of the intelligence, education, and economy of a
nation. Of the 9,527 post-offices possessed by the
Austro-Germanic• union, Bavaria contains 910.
The total number of letters forwarded in 1851
was 11,060,738, which had increased to
25,258,463 in 1861. The circulation of journals
followed almost the same progression ; the
20,612,202 copies distributed in 1851 had increased
to 37,726,306 in 1861. After Prussia, Bavaria is
the country the most advanced of all Germany in
matters concerning the periodical press. The un-
easiness which had been felt by manufacturers of
beer in consequence of the state of the hops and
barley has been dissipated by an abundant crop of
each, and brewers are preparing to make on a
large scale. According to authentic returns in the
city of Munich alone the brewers produced last
year nearly 24,000.000 gallons, or 2,350,000 more
than in the year preceding. Between the months
of August, 1862, May, 1863, 1,300,000 bushels of
malt were employed in that manufacture. Munich
beer being celebrated for its quality, a portion of
the above.mentioned quantity was for exportation.
The production of hops increased from 5,000,000
pounds in 1861 to 16,000,000 in 1862.

The Battle between Longstreet and

Sheridan,

The New York Herald's correspondent describes
the battle between Generals Longetreet and Sheri.
dan as follows :

The enemy had noiselessly massed a heavy
column of troops behind the hill on the south.west
side of Cedar Creek, directly in front of the position
occupied by our extreme pickets. At a given signal
the enemy advanced rapidly in solid columns. Our
pickets were charged, some of them captured, and
some of them driven in, before they had time to
discharge their muskets.

Having driven in or captured our pickets, on the
left line of the infantry, the enemy charged across
Cedar Creek, at the fords, and very soon after on the
bridge over the said stream, and reached the side of
the hill and breastwork occupied by Thompson's
division of the eighth army corps.
The Confederates pressed on, completely sur-
prising, and in a measure stampeding, the left of
General Sheridan's line. By this means the enemy
gained some artillery ; I believe the 4th Pennsyl-
vania battery.
The suddenness of the attack and its wonderful
success for a short time bewildered the troops. At
this time a bold charge was made by the enemy
under cover of his guns to capture Emery's artillery.
In a measure this charge was successful, although
it was resisted with great vigour. In the charge
the Confederates took 0110 or two prisoners of the
Ist Maine battery, and I b3lieve a portion of the
Chase battery.

The enemy seeing the success of this surprise
brought his columns and his artillery across Cedar
Creek to press the pursuit with vigour. *While this
was being done a brief lull prevailed, and our line
was contracted and commenced slowly falling back.
Gen. Sheridan had arrived from Winchester, and,
reorganising his forces, then seetoingly more given
to a retreat than an advance, he promptly changed
the aspect of our military affairs, and turned the
tide of battle. The cavalry was then sent upon the
right; the 19Lh corps was placed next to it, the
80th corps in the centre, and tho corps on the left,
Poweli's division (which was fo: a time cut off) on
the left of all.

A charge of the evening was resisted, and an add
vance made successfully.
Our losses are estimated at 5,000.

General 1.19 e reports that on the 14th Colonel
Mosby struck the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at
Daffield, destroying a United States mail train,
consisting of a locomotive and ten carriages. 20
prisoners and 15 horses were captured. Amongst
the prisoners were two paymasters, with 163,000
doss. in Government Bonds.

The Confederate Congress will assemble at Rich-
mond on the 7th November.

MARKETS—This Day,

MARK-LANE.

IMPERIAL WEEKLY AVERAGES. - Wheat, 38s 9d ;
barley, 30s 2d ; oats, 20s Id ; rye, 30s 9d ; beaus, 38s Od ;
and peas, 35s Od.

THE SIX WEEKS' AVERAGES. Wheat, 393 2d ;
barley, 30s 6d ; oats, 20s 3d ; rye, 32s sd; beans, 39s 2d;
peas, 35s I ld.
ENGLISH GRAIN SOLD LAST WEEK.—Wheat, 99,765,
barley, 106,560; oats, 11,131; rye, 101 ; beans, 3,333; peas,
1,613 qrs,