The Sun.
London, England, 1864-08-02 00:00:00

THE SUN,' LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, AU MIST 2, 1864.

LAW INTELLIGENCE—(This Day.)

COURT OF BANKRUPTCY.
(Before Mr. Commissioner Gouburn).
IN RE MARTIN.

The bankrupt was described as of Kilburn, " gentle-
man," and this was a meeting for last examination and
discharge.
The debts to secured creditors amount to £l2B—un-
secured, £2lo—and liabilities on accommodation bills,
£1,005. The assets consist of some household furniture.

Mr Bagley opposed, and asked for a cash account. The
bankrupt stated that he had no income, but was maintained
by his wife out of her settlement, the validity of which the
assignees disputed.

Mr Sargod eaid that the bankrupt had foolishly given
the bills to a friend, but had not received any consideration.

His Honour said that such cases must ba watched. The
Court left the door open too wide to let these "gentle-
men" in.

An adjournment was ordered for enquiry.
IN RE SI3IMOSDS.

CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS.

By the overland mail we have received letters
and papers from Calcutta to Jane 22.

Money at Calcutta was easy. All shares were
rising, and there was a fear that considerable spe-
culation might arise if the Bauk rate were lowered
farther, as seemed probable. There was not muoh
demand for bills on London, and exchange had
given way.

demanded for new teas had closed the xnarket.
We have dates from Nagasaki to the 24th ult. The
Prince of Satsuma has purchased the steamship
Lotus for 120,000 dole. Tne foreign residents h 0
celebrated the Queen's birthday by an unusual
" jollification." Her Majesty's ship Perseus fired
a salute at noon, and was followed by one of tht.'
shore residents, who kept up a brisk if not heavy
fire for some short time. The thirst for amusement
had been by no means subdued, for we hear that a
grand theatrical performance was to come off on the
26th ult. on board her Majesty's ship Perseus, while
the 28th had been appointed for a regatta.

Last evening Mr and Mrs Hermann Vezin reappeared
amongst their admirers in Islington, to which locality they
have been strangers since the termination of the Phelps
management of Sadler's Wells Theatre. The talented artistes
gave a miscellaneous entertainment, consisting of readings
and'recitations from English, Scotch, and Germanpoe try, and
although comparatively new to such a performance, the
experiment has been attended with so much success that it
is more than likely they will be induced to repeat it. The
prop-an:me consisted of selections from Westland Marston's
comedy "Donna Diana," "Hamlet," "As You Like It,"
" The Charg c of the Light Brigade," Gaelic's " Elfin
King," Sir E. li.. Lytton's translation of Schiller's " Diver,"
Hood's " Domest,.c Asides," "Little Jim," by Farmer,
"After the Chase," by James Albery, " The Raven" and
"Bells," by Edgar Alan Poe, &c, Mts Vezin was ex-
tremely happy in " Little Jim," and poor Tom Hood's piece,
whilst the deeper feelings were touched by her animated
telling recitation of the dery of the "Light Brigade."
Mr Vezin's elocution was faultless, and the selections that
fell to his share were all given with the greatest taste and
feeling. The hall was extremely well attended, and we have
to congratulate Mr and Mrs Vezin on the pleasure of their
united efforts, produced against a vary numerous attend-
ance and appreciating audience.

Oxford .. 18
Yarmouth
York August 2:i
Plymouth
Lichfield
Devon and Exeter ..., 3',.)
Stockton
Derby
SEITEMBEL.

Bright on 2
Brighton Club .. 4
Lewes
Huntingdon .... 9
Wolverhampton . . 9
Reading
Egham
Dover

Weymouth 1
Baden-Baden 1
Warwick September 6
Bridgwater 8

Leicester 8
Doncaster ..

O CT,
Bedford
Edinburgh and Lothians
Club.. •
Newmarket Second Oct lO

Brecon io
Richmond ....
Royal Caledonian Hunt 21
Monmouth .......... 22
Manchester Autumn .. 23
New market First October 27
OSIER.

NOVE:

Worcester Autumn
Shrewsbury Autumn .. 14

Lincoln .lB
Kelso ....
Gloucester
Newmarket H.oug . on 24
AMER.

Leamington&War.llunt 22

IRISH.
SEP TEMIUM.

Curragh ...... 6,7,
OCTOBER

Curragh

STEEPLECHASING FIXTURES FOR 1864.
NOVEMBER.
Leamington and 'Warwickshire Hunt 22

Births, Marriages, and Deaths in England,

The Registrar-General has just issued the quarterly re-
turn of the marriages, births, and deaths, registered in tha
divisions, counties, and districts of England.

This return comprises the births and deatbs registered by
2,200 registrars in all the districts of England during the
spring quarter that ended June 30, 1861—and the mar•.
riages in 12,670 churches or chapels, about 5,022 regis-
tered places of worship unconnected with the Established
Church, and 641 superintendent registrars' offices, in the
quarter that ended March 31, 1864.
_ . .

MARRIAGES.—The marriages in the March quarter num-
bered 37,948. The acceleration of tha marriage-rate at-
tained in that period appears by comparing corresponding
quarters in 1861.64, in which, using round numbers and a
thousand as the unit, the figures run thus-33, 34, 35, and.
38. There was a decided decrease in Devonshire and Corn-
wall. The marriage-rate assumed groat activity in York-
shire. In Bradford marriages rose to 499 from 431 and
460 in two previous winter quarters—in Leeds to 496 from
347 and 374—in Sheffield to 506 from 385 and 399. In
Newcastle-on-Tyne they were in the three quarters succes •
sively 387 ,407, and 413—in Merthyr Tydfil, 173, 189, and
257—in Swansea, 96, 106, and 127. The marriage-rate in
England and Wales (persons married to population) was
was 1.472 per cent. against an average of 1.379.
BIRTHS —The birth-rate in the spring quarter (ending
June 30) was 3,617 per cent. per annum, against an ave-
rage of 3.611, The excess, which is not great, is due almost
wholly to the returns of Yorkshire, the Northern Counties,
and Wales. In the eastern counties and the south western,
to which population is not drawn by a power of attraction
equal to that which the great mining districts supply, the
birth-rate was not as high as it had been in the two previous
corresponding quarters. The total number of births was
198,641. This is less by about a thousand than the num-
ber in the same quarter of 1563. In London 25,000 chil-
dren were born. In the counties of the cotton manufacture

—Lancashire and Cheshire—where about 30,000 were born,
the birth-rate was higher. But the births were not nume-
rous in those counties, if they are compared with former
results; and West Derby alone in Lancashire gives indi-
cation by its returns of rapid growth in its population.

INCREASE or POPULATION.—The deaths in the quarter
were 116,899; and as the births in the same time were
188,641, there was an excess in the latter amounting to
71,742, which represents the natural increase of population.
Immigration of unknown amount would modify the effect
of emigration; but the return of the Emigration Commis-
ainnara ahnwa that ncarly 9.0,006 persons of English origin
left their native shores for distant settlements in the quar-
ter that ended June 30. Out of that number nearly 12,000
went to the United States, and 5,000 to the Australian
colonies. The number of emigrants of all nationalities was
86,783, of whom about 66,000, chiefly Irish, were bound to
the United States. The emigration to that part of America
his not before been so great in the June quarter since 1854.
Almost nine-tenths of the Irish emigrants left for the
United States.

DEATHS AND THL STATE OT THE PUBLIC HEALTH.--
The deaths which were registered in the quarter that ended
on June 30 amounted to 1113,899, This number is above
the average of the deaths in the months of April, May,
and June ; but it is less than the number of deaths which
were registered in the corresponding quarter of the
pre-
vious year, and less by 26,131 than the deaths in the
three first fatal winter months of this year. Then 1,572
deaths were registered daily; in the present (I -tarter the
daily deaths have been 1,281, The mortality has ;eon at
the rate of 2.260 in 100 living, or .073 above the average of
the spring quarters of the preNious ten years. The mor-
tality of the town popuiations has been at the rate of 2.3E9,
and of the country populations 2.110 per cent. ; thus the
towns lost 18,392 lives, and the country 10,000 lives, in
excess of the deaths which would have been registered had
the mortality been at the rate prevailing in the least un-
healthy districts of England and Wales. Ae a general
rule the three spring months, April, May, and June ure
healthier than winter, and somewhat less healthy than the
summer in ordinary years. They express very closely the
average mortality of the year. Thus the average annual
mortality per cent. in 10 years (1854-63) was 2.214, and in
the 10 springs of those years 2.187. It was less in spring
quarters by .027.

We learn (says the Conseiller) that the indemnity
allowed to the Isthmus of Suez Company by the
compromise effected with the Viceroy of Egypt is
84,000,000 fr., payable in 16 annuities, representing
a present value of about 50,000,000 tr.
ASTRAY IN THE CATACOMBS OF PARIS.—The
persons residing near the entrance to the Catacombs,
at the old Barriere St. Jacques, were last night alarmed by
hearing a loud knocking and shouting, apparently proceed-
ing from persons below. The police being informed of the
fact, the keys were procured, and when the door was opened
five men came out. It appears that while working in the
cellar of a brewery in the Rue Darreau they had found a
grated opening leading to the Catacombs, which they im-
mediately determined to visit. They accordingly broke
away the bars, and, having provided themselves with lan-
terns, commenced their explorations. They soon got be-
wildered in the intricate passages, but, fortunately, after
wandering about for more than three hours, at last reached
a place where their cries could be heard. They were con-
ducted to the nearest commissary of police, who, after
ascertaining their identity, discharged them from custody.
ENGLISH PUBLISHERS AND FRENCH TRANS-
LATORS.—M. Louts Raveil, a young French author, being
in London lately, happened to meet with an English novel
which he found interesting. As it bore the usual notice,
" the right of translation is reserved," he applied to the
publisher and obtained the necessary permission. Having
finished his task, he offered his translation to M.
Dentu,
.1 Why, you have
who, on reading the first page, exclaimed
actually been translating Paul Feval's File die Diable'
into French I" and such was really the case. So that it
would appear that the London publisher, after translating
had
the work into English without permission, authorised
M. Reveil to turn it back again into French !
DESTRUCTIVE THUNDERSTORM.—The thunder
no injury
storm of Thursday last has not passed over without
property, so far as is known, has taken
leaving
either
place ; but in Partick, where. the storm raged with the
tobpeherinsodnitorinernorable traces. In Glasgow,
sseasenitbonrermutaiecreprltkiyouosrereerfinished, the Western Cooking
Depot have been completely destroyed. The event took
lace a few minutes past 6, shortly after the workmen greatest intensity, the buildings for
en-
gaged in the erection of the building had left their work.
ctowttfiiohninrigco::wb thebiietsei
:aeagmaabtsaoef:
urrstiotohonsrtetoobaefgsetmoi.
frontage
ei:wegahmst
ptooaealnunl
eyed:
and
4a0T00: imivtes
n.p:lbh:oreteioeitirad,
.odi ano,ngf,wrd‘wh‘at.
aseha
being filled with wood. Immediately after a bright, vivid
glare of lightning, the whole of the roofing and the brick
walls fell with a crash that mingled loudly with the roar of
the thunder. A portion of the building falling on a wooden
tenement used as a mission station in connexion with the
Free Church broke through the roof and damaged one side.
of it very considerably. The destruction was complete, only
the stone frontage being left standing ; and yesterday the
scene of the occurrence, which was visited by many hun-
dreds, presented a curious illustration of the pranks the all-
powerful fluid may perform—wood, iron, and bricks being
mingled together in odd confusion, the wood being twisted
into the most fantastic forms. Luckily no one was in the
building at the time, the workmen employed thereon having
just left.—eVorth British Daily Nail.
DROWNED WHILE BATHING AT RAMSGATE.—A
shocking accident has just occurred at Ramsgate. A
young man of the name of Handcemb, of Blackheath, was
drowned while bathing. It is supposed that he was taken
with the cramp while at some distance from the machine,
and no one was able to render any assistance uutil too Ist

THE C EVIL WAR IN AMERICA,

From the T imes' Correspondent.)
NEW YORK, July 19.

The long-expected proclamation of the President
ordering a • new draught appeared yesterday. It
victs th.o aght that he would not have asked for more
than 30'3,000, bat lie has called for 500,000. No.
body, however, is much surprised. It is as easy to
say a million as half a million, and quite as difficult
tl ie present temper of the American people to
raise the smaller as the larger number. To call
spirt' ;s from the vasty deep is one thing. To get
them to coma is another. Nothing is easier for Mr.
Line( tha than to say he must have new and immense
arrai( ms, but to draw them oat of the vasty deep of
the Arnorican people is a feat beyond the power of
the magi elan. It is likely, however, that between
this time and the day of the Presidential election
about a t!iird of the number (say 150,000 men) may
be got t Ogether by the system of high bounties
aided by the great flood of immigration ; and that,
contented -with this addition to the armies in the
field—which will be duly represented as much
larger than it is—the Administration will discover
at andant reasons for not enforcing the conscription
in any city or township where it might breed dis-
co ntent and rebellion. .

It appears from a tabular. statement, published
this morning, that since April, 1861, when Mr. Lin.
cola modestly called for 75,000 men to reduce the
S.)uth to obedience, he has on successive occasions
called for upwards of 1,800,000 men, exclusive of
497,000 militiamen to protect the borders. At pre-
a very large estimate which
sent it is places the
Federal armies at more than 600,000 men. If any
one could suppose that the several calls were filled,
and the 1,600,000 men actually enrolled and sent to
battle, there would remain the enormous number'of

1,200,000 to be accounted for as having been slain,
=aimed, disabled, or taken prisoners, or as having
served cut their stipulated time or deserted. No
one knows, or ever will know, the number of the
slain ; but when it is remembered how bloody were
all the battles of INl'Clellan and his successors
dow :a to General Grant, and that Grant himself
has lest 100,000 men since he crossed the Rapidan
me re than nine weeks ago, one-half of whom were
ki'iled, it can scarcely be considered an exaggerated
c'.amputation to put down a quarter of a million
among the dead, bat, perhaps, unburied victims of
the war. The number of the maimed who have
lost arms and legs in the pursuit of victory is as
difficult to arrive at as that of the slain unless a
special census ware taken ; but any one who walks
the streets of New York may observe a sufficient

number of these mutilated heroes to justify him in
the belief that, if New York be in this respect a
lair specimen of the other cities of the North and
"West, there is as large a number of wounded men
as of dead ones to be placed to the debit side of the
struggle. If Governor Seymour, for instance, would
but undertake to bring these hiving " braves" toge 6
ther, and pass their ghastly legions in review, there
is no open space within the limits of the city which
would contain them, and he would have to summon
them to meet in the flats of New Jersey, if he would
afford to his countrymen and to the world so new
but so suggestive a spectacle of the horrors of war,
But, taking the killed, the wounded, and the dis-
abled as at least amounting to half a million, there
would remain still 700,000 men to be accounted for
as prisoners, deserters, and volunteers who have
served their time. If there be such a number in
existomce, it is to th€m, to the emigrants, and to the
raegroes that Mr. Lincoln will have to look for the

half million of new victims which his ruthless policy
rf:qc:lres. The working classes are notoriously indis-
posed to the fight. The traders and farmers have
had enough of it. The peace party is daily gather-
ing strength, and a tiictory achieved by the South,
ineieacl of firing the hesit of the North, end fan-

fling up the flickering and fading flame of the once

ardent enthusiasm of the people, would, there
is every reason to believe, have the contrary effect,
and predispose to peace many thousands and tens
of eaousands whose original opinions on the justice
and necessity of the war have begun to waver.

;Or is the craz-ztion of snorkel lowa n.i t pr. th an that
of Dacia. General Sherman's troops, whether their
no .r.abers be 60,000 or 100,000, have not received

c at of pay since the 31st of December, 1863. The
G evern -lent is in arre.tr to them for upwards of six
months and a half. Mr. Fessenden has been unable
to borrow 50,000,000 of greenhacke from the banks
of .New York—mainly because the banks do not
pees ess 20,000.600 among ahem of that particular
variety of the currency, and he is not authorised by
law to accept or put into circulation 50,000,000 of
the notes of the Stateeanks. Without furthsr loans
and further issues of legal tender notes, already so
depreciated that the paper dollar is worth but 35c.
in coin, ehefederal Government cannot provide the
means f the payment of its existing armies. It is
undera uch circumstances that Mr. Lincoln demands
resee raen. If he raise them, he must also raise
aaouey to pay them, and, in default of taxes and of
loan a, nothing is left far him but a paper currency,
very likely in view of events as well as of its own
ind.w2endence to fall in value until it becomes about
as .w orthlees as the Continental money of the Ame.
rice n Revolution, or the French assignats, about 500
of -which were necessary to purchase a cup of coffee.
People are asking whether Mr. Lincoln will not
now order the release of Howard, the forger, who
showed him, somewhat prematurely, the paths in
which he ought to walk. The false proclamation
said the campaign of Grant was a failure, called for
a levy of 40,000 men, and appointed a day of fast-
ing, humiliation, and prayer. Mr. Lincoln has not
only arrived at Howard's mark, but overstepped it
by 100,000 men ; confessing by his acts, if not by
his words, that Grant's failure is as great as
;Toward, with prophetic impudence, represented
it is. be ; and that fasting and prayer are more ap-
propriate to the circumstances than rejoicings and
thanksgiving. Whatever be done with Howard, he
has shown himself to be a " smart" man, and, as
this is a country where " smartness," irrespective
of honesty, is always held in esteem, he will un-
doubtedly come out of Fort Lafayette a more con-
siderable personage than when he entered it.
Grant seems to be at a complete, and Sherman at
a quasi, standstill. The " raiders," if such they
were, and no more—who desolated large tracts of
Maryland, and were so near taking Washington, or
to have lest it by a hair's breadth of accident—have
retired with their booty no ono knoere erniLner. The
comfortable Government at the capital, believing
all danger to be over, has sent back the few militia•
men that rushed to arms at its call for the defence
of the border, and is once again slumbering in se-
curity, apparently without the slightest idea that
the raid may be but the first rain drop of a storm
and that L':e—and a deluge—may be ready to
fall when the clouds are heavy enough. But if the
battle lingers the war of words
goes on—and
foolish Generals talk when they should be silent.
Tee only Nerthern commanders who have won
great battles are M'Clellan and Grant. And these
two, among all the soldiers who one after the other
have been intrusted with high command, are as yet
the only two who know how to hold their tongues.
Their talent for silence is as great as their genius
for war. M'Clellan only became an orator after he
had ceased to be employed in the field ; and Grant
has never yet made a .speech. The talking and
writing Generals, such as Butler, Schenck, -Wallace,
Banks, Burnside, Pope, Hooker, and Stermen, have
all proved to be military failures, with the single
exception of the last, who has still the victory to
achieve which will take him oat of the category.
These Generals are all more or less clever with the
tuague and the pen, but they ere none of them dis-
creet enough to keep their own counsel—a kind
of tiiscretion in the leaders of armies which
way well be called the better pert of their
valour. Thus General Sherman has found
tire© to indite a very singular epistle to his snbor-
dinate General Barbridge, eatnrnanding, in the
military 4: strict of Kentucky. In this document he
orders that guerillas in Kentucky shall be "treated
as if they were wild beasts," and hunted and shot
down remorselessly. He reminds Gen. Burbridge
that before starting on his campaign into Georgia
"he foresaw tht,t this kind of person would become
very troublesome," and asked Mr Bramleth, the
Governor of the State, to organise in every county
a small and trustworthy band, commanded by the
211eriff/ " sv4oo9uid at as° dash arrest every man

a,

in the community who was dangerous to it"—i. e.,
whom the sheriff supposed to be dangerous. The
sheriff and his trustworthy band were also to arrest
every fellow hanging about the towns, villages, and
cross-roads who had no honest calling. The Go-
vernor, however, did not see fit to t e the advice,
thinking, no doubt, as Gen. Sherman conjectures,
" that this sweeping exhibition of power seemed
rather arbitrary." Therefore Gen, Sherman, whose
sole business just now should be to fight Gen. John-
ston, has seen fit to take the matter out of the Go-
a ernor's hands, and make an end in Kentucky not
only of the guerillas by shooting and hanging, but
of all persons, male or female, who have harboured
or encouraged such unrecognised soldiers. The
punishment of such sympathisers with rebellion is
to be transportation by batches of 300 or 400 from
the " fair garden of Kentucky," their native home.
They are to be seat down the Mississippi in avessel
bearing the Federal flag, and thus to run the gaunt-
let of their friends, the yet uncaptured and nulling
guerillas who molest the banks of that river. If
they escape death and arrive safely at New Orleans,
they are to be put on board a sailing ship and trans-
ported to a land, which the General does not name,
" where they may if they please found a slave
colony, and take their slaves along with them."
The General, well aware that so extraordinary a
proceeding will require justification in the eyes of
the world, finds it ready to his hands, where tyrants
have ever found it in all ages. "My own defence,"
he says, " was and is that the civil authorities in
Kentucky would do this; but if they will not or
cannot, we' must, for it must be done." And who
are "wee The General answers the inquiry in
..another and, beyond doubt, the moat remark•
able portion of his letter. " The fact is," he
says, "in our country personal liberty has been so
well secured that public safety is lost sight of in
our laws and institutions. We are thrown back 100
years in civilisation, laws, and everything else, and
will go straight to anarchy and the devil, if some•
body won't arrest oar downward progress. We, the
military, must do it." Herein the indiscreet Gene-
ral confesses too much. Under the Constitution,
and the system of State rights, personal liberty was
secured; and public safety—i.e., the safety of the
Central Government, was so little endangered that
the founders of American liberty lost sight of it in
the laws and institutions which they formed. As all
the difficulty which has plunged the country into
this fearful war arose out of an intermeddling with
the rights of the States—and an attempt, unhappily
successful, to maximize instead of to minimize the
power and authority of the Central Government, the
true remedy for the evils which afflict the land and
threaten the anarchy which the General foresees
would seem to lie in a return to the principles of the
Constitution. This, however, is not what General
Sherman and the governing party desire. Under
the plea of necessity and the danger to the public
safety, they have abrogated the Constitution, in-
creased the power of the Administration, and helped
to produce anarchy, in order to take advantage of
it to erect a despotism on the ruins of liberty,
" We, the military, will do it," says the man of the
shoulder straps. There can be no doubt of the
willingness, even if he had not blurted it out so
bluntly.

Bat a wiser General than Sherman has spoken, a
General who is fortunately not in command of an
army, but reduced to the less dangerous station of
civil governor of a province. General Banks, at a
meeting of the Bar of New Orleans on the 7th inst.,
took occasion to say " that the settlement of the
difficulties between North and South must proceed
from the moral power of the country, which was
something greater and more efficacious than the
sward." He coupled this sensible admission wi!h
a melancholy, if not with a humiliating, one—that
it was the first duty of the people to make such
sacrifices on the field of battle as success might
demand. This means that both parties are too proud
to yield to moral reasons, while a chance is left for
conquest, and that only when one or the other, or
both, are exhausted by their unavailing bloodshed,
the moral power, so much greater and more efaca-
&ions than the sword, will have a chance to prevail
amour a -people who claim to be the most highly.
educated and religious in the world. Perhaps,
however, General Banks is of opinion that if the
South will not yield to the North, or the North to
the South, and that they must, therefore, continue
fighting out of mere pride, till exhaustion ensue,
the " moral power" of Christendom might at this or
some not very remote day be employed to counsel
them to lay down their arms, and debate the terms
of compromise and peace by means of a general
convention of all the States in the mode provided by
the Constitution ? If such be really his belief, he
is a much wiser man than Mr. Lincoln, or any
member of his Cabinet.