The Sun.
London, England, 1864-05-18 00:00:00

in the head of the Lancashire operative. (Hear.)
Although no doubt certain advantages which were
expected to be reaped by that measure had not come
shout, and although those connected with the agri-
cultural interest had not mech prosperity as they
might have had, still it was impossible for them not
to feel that they did derive some advantage from
the continued prosperity of the great contiguous
towns ; and although they might provide the people's
bread cheaper, yet they found some advantage in
selling them their beef and mutton. (Hear, hear.)
These commercial changes had had a great develop-
ment under the wise and courageous administration
of Mr. Gladstone. The commercial treaty with
France had opened out a great prospect of pros-
perity to this country, the future of which he
thought we were authorised to judge of when we
see that, even with that great calamity which had
happened through the entire stoppage of our
American trade, nevertheless our revenue sustains
itself in full vigour ; and in these times, when all
the world besides is getting into debt, we can hold
up the flag and say," Here is a surplus." (Applause.)
As to political changes, there were few to speak of,
because mainly there had been a certain degree of
contentment as to the present distribution of the
political power of the country, which had inclined
no large body of the people to be enthusiastically
interested in any great change. The two political
parties in the House of Commons were placed in a
position now in which neither could say one word
against the other upon this matter. Each had had
a Reform Bill, and each had entirely failed. There-
fore, so far as that went, they were quite on
a par, and whatever was to happen on that
question in the future must happen upon a clear,
new, and positive basis. He (Lord Houghton)
should hold in that assembly of which he was now
a part the language which he had held in that room
—namely, that, without determining precisely how
any change in the representation of the country
should take place, he did think it would be most
dangerous for any portion of the people of this coun-
try to think that they were absolutely and positively
excluded for ever from any participation in the
working of the Constitution. The great point was
to keep the doors of the Constitution open to the
people. The regulation as to how they were to en-
ter it and what circumstances were to debar them
from it were matters of judgment on the one side
and of will on the other. Let it be clearly and once
understood that it was neither the interest nor the
desire of any class in this country to prevent the
admission within the pale of the:Constitution of any
body of men who combine an earnest desire to pos-
sess that privilege with a determination to exercise
it honestly and independently—let that once be
clearly understood, and there was an end to all dan-
ger on the question reform. (Hear.) Let there
be no positive exclusion ; let it not be said that such
a man should never Dome within the pale of the
Constitution ; but let me say—and he, for one, did
say—that the suffrage was not a natural right to
which every man was born, that the suffrage was
not a privilege which was to be conferred arbitrarily
and accidentally, but it was a solemn duty which the
men of this country were called upon to perform;
and if their fellow-citizens believed they could per-
form that duty faithfully, honestly, and indepen-
dently, then, and than only, had they a right to de-
mand and to receive it. (Applause.) The noble lord
then referred to the part he had taken in the educa-
tion question and also es to the reformation of crimi-
nal offenders and the proposed abolition of capital
punishment. He concluded by saying that, so far
as he could see the future of England would not be
dimmed or obscured by any serious political diffi-
culties. There were not among us any of those
questions of difference of race and difference of
religion which in Denmark and in Poland were
causing so much calamity. Certainly the Irish
question had been a grave one, and was hardly yet
settled ; but the tendency was all right in that way.
The tendency on the part of England was to do
everything which could be done compatible with
the security of the empire for the lull development
and advantage of Ireland, without distinction of
race or creed, (Cheers.) Therefore, with such
great social advantages and with what he trusted
would be the application given to what he had said
with respect to the political position of the people,
drawing no distinction of class, but combining ono
with the other—the gentry with the tradesman,
the tradesman with the man he employs—all bound
together by one chain of mutual advantage and
mutual interest, he feared nothing for the future
of Englund. (Applause.)

Liverpool and the Cotton Trade of the
Levant,

In an article in the French Protectionist organ, Le .11Oni
four lndustricl, headed " Marseilles dethroned by Liverpoo
in the Levant trade," bitter complaints are made of the low
freights of English ships, by which the carrying trade is
completely taken out of the hands of French owners. It
was thought that when, in consequence of the American
war, European manufacturers were obliged to seek for a
larger supply of cotton from Turkey and Egypt, the greater
part would be transported by French ships to Marseilles.
It was so in 1562, but since then things have changed, and
it is for the greater part by English vessels that the cotton
of theit is deposited. Levantde siisted. Levant
broughttoEurope, and it is at Liverpool
that exporters and many houses at
Marseilles freight at Alexandria and in England English
steamers, They load them with cotton, and send them not
to Marseilles, but to Liverpool—first, because freight is
lower for Liverpool than for Marseilles ; and, secondly, be-
cause the cotton market has less resources at Marseilles
than at Liverpool, Such is the invading power of the
British, the Moni,eur observes with simple candour,
that Liverpool will this year receive two. thirds of the
cotton from the Levant, which it was an utter
stranger to a year or two ago. If things go on
in this way Marseilles,
in spite of its geographical
position will soon get no cotton but what Liverpool vouch-
safes to leave it. In order to prove how serious tke evil is,
the Jtociteur quotes letters from Syrian to Marseilles mer-
chants. The first is dated the 30th of January, and runs
thus :—" I have not been able to put on board the last
steamer the cotton which I had in store, and es it is very
difficult to load the steamers of the Messageries Imperiales,
as they often refuse cargoes, and as, on the other hand, the
news of the fall up to the 23d inst. has reached me, I have
decided on sending it to Liverpool, on board an English
steamer, for a very reasonable freight. I must tell you, for I
your guidance, that many persons have done like me, and,
as we receive every month at least four English ships
which do not depend on the postal service, and as with
them merchandise is not exposed to be sent about at great
risk and expense from the chore to the ship and from the
ship to the shore during the night and during the winter,
it necessarily follows that a great quantity of cotton will
actually pass Marseilles. I shall continue sending to you,
bnt my merchandise will not be so frequent nor so regular
as it has been, and to leave it here is imprudent, if pur-
chase be now stopped."
Another writes from Syria on the 31 of February :—" I
shall probably have to send you about 59 bales, which will
be ready on the coast between Cyprus and Naplousim—l
say probably, because it is too much for one's patience to
attempt sending by the Messageries Imperiales. I have
implored like a bsggar ; it is intolerable, and I have more
resources and regularity in sending to Liverpool. I fully
intended consigning several cargoes to you, but with the
11Iessageries Imperiales it is impossible. 1 must give it up,
though I might gain by it. lam of opinion that a great
quantity of cotton will go to Eag land."
Again, from the same place on March 5--" Since my last
of the 2d instant we have news from England. Several
houses hero, as well as myself,
are informed that the Syrian
cotton begins to be in good demand, and are led to hope for
good prices for what we send. News to this effect has stopped
on the coast, and particularly at Merzina. We expect three
English steamers here, and we shall send to Liverpool."
The Moniteur Industriel says on this that the company
of the Messageries Imperiales, subsided, in other words,
protected, by the Government, should lower its freight,
which is far too high, and enable French merchants to com-
pete with England for the Levant trade, which was once
almost entirely in French hands, but which has now passed
out of them.

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