The Sun.
London, England, 1852-09-06 00:00:00

EVENING, SEPTEMBER 6. 1852.

Russian colours, was observed four or five leagues south
west of the Eddystone, speaking to a fishing vessel, after
which she put on all steam and went away to the south-
ward.
Her Majesty's screw steam sloop Desperate will sail
from this port on Monday with riggers and seamen-
riggers for Pembroke, to tow the Windsor Castle to
Portsmouth.

The Cleopatra, private steamer, is appointed to sail
from this port on Tuesday with mails for the Cape of
Good Hope, King George's
Sound, Adelaide, Port
Philip, Sydney, and New Zealand.
SHEERNESS, SUDIDAY.—Lier Majesty's ship Mws,nder,
44, Commodore Charles Talbot, took in her powder on
Friday morning. At 11 Akin. the Lizard steamer, in
charge of Mr. Brockman, second master (commanding
the Wildfire), and the African steam-tug, Second Mas-
ter Gill, got up their steam and proceeded to the Little
Nore. The Mseander having weighed anchor, the
steamers took her in tow as far as the North Foreland,
whence she made all sail for Spithead, where the crew
will he paid their advance wages. The Lizard returned
to this port yesterday at 4 P.ai ; the African some hours
afterwards.

Her Majesty's ship Achille, 76, was removed on
i Fri-
day afternoon from the fitting-basin to moorings n the
harbour. She has undergone a thorough refit, having
been under the hands of the dockyard artificers for a
considerable period, and is in a forward state for com-
mission, should circumstances render it necessary. Ller Majesty's brig Bittern, 12, Commander Vansit-
tart, has entered more than .70 seamen. Had she been
at Plymouth, we hear from good authority, she would
have been fully manned by this time. Up to yesterday
neither the commander nor senior lieutenant bad taken
up their commissions. She is reported to be completed
by the 26th inst. One sergeant, one corporal, a drummer,
and 17 privates of the Chatham division of Royal Ma-
rines have embarked for service in the Bittern.
ROYAL MARINES.—The tollovvine• officers of the Chat-
ham division have obtained leave of absence for periods
hereafter specified:—Deputy-Inspector J. Drummond,
six weeks; Captain John Huskisson, two months; Cap-
tain William Cludon, one month; Captain G. B. Rod-
ney, an extension of 14 days.
WooLvrtes, SEPT. 4.—The Trident steam-vessel,
Lieutenant-Commander Harvey, is to be taken out of
dock on Tuesday, as by that time both sides of her
bottom will have been completely coated with Mr.
of the inventor whose
previously placed. on one side of the
itintowhich the Trident is placed,
nbogcakstiaken oat on Tuesday, the Wasp
bottom of the vessel was Boccius, not Bochins.
compositionli aTyh'se Was composition.p
wates am sl irooh. pe, C name
mydemander, and towed Lord
do Johnwn
to Hay,a
The Agamemnon, 90, will be finished in the coppering
aswwtniaaldlts
,i obtnanenktoetapipeeoonlusailitt thenteoe.fr tbeing
ee di
of her bottom on Monday, and the whole of the ma-
chinery of her engines will be completed by John Penn
and Son in about a fortnight from this time: The exer-
tionsoffetrhtine Agamemnonsfirnatoco within
ethe engines of 600-horse
power
the
time agreed upon,
have been highlyappreciated by the Admiralty, as they
will be ready to be delivered over within the time speci-
fied, although the Messrs. Penn had to contend with the
delays which their works experienced by the procrasti-
Amalgamated En-
gnianteeedrsst.rickaepftoarinthsriere onßmaldwtihnswof the Amalgamated K.
0.13., Surveyor
of the Navy, and Captain Pelham, visited the Agamem-
non yesterday, and it is expected she will shortly be
peo irmdP,e are rints oe' b:0Ofn:50-horse power,
17 nearly ready
commissioned by the latter gallant
.efficer.
amediately after
bfoyrTJlhaoeuhnneenhgPiinenng at
en spetf
ofth
and Son, and they are already well ad-
a fitting n
,
anxious that their
hebeelonnigpimeonsoet
commenced v eot the
board Admiralty
should
the vessel is launched, about the middle of the present
month.
The Vivid, Dover mail steam-packet, Capt. Smithett,
was taken into the basin to-day to have some improve-
ments in marine steam-engines attached to her ma-
chinery, and she will be ready to resume her duties on
the Dover station in about
eight or ten days. The Vivid
has given great satisfaction in her performances since
she had new boilers, and has kept ap her character for
speed on every occasion in which !le had been employed,
whether on special or public service.
The Avon steam-vessel, Master Commander Alfred
Veitch, was taken out of the basin to.day, having under-
gone a thorough refit at this port, and, after towing the
Wasp from the basin to opposite the east dock, left
Woolwich for Devonport, to resume her duties as a tug
and tender to the file-ship at that port.

SPORTING NOTES.
No. CCC.
THE PROBABLE STARTERS FOR THE LEA-
MINGTON STAKES. LATER' MOVES, &c.

TO THE EDITOR OF TIE DUN.
Slft,—The present—like unto the two preceding
weeks—is prolific in racing meetings, not leas than nine
being on the list of fixtures for this and four following
days. Cheadle comes off to-day and to-morrow; War-
wick and Whitehaven to-morrow and Wednesday; Bar-
net Fair original on Wednesday ; Scuthport, Rochester,
and Chatham, and Weymouth on Wednesday and
Thursday; Airdrie on Thursday and Friday; and Wes-
ton Zoyland and Bridgewater on Friday. The majority
of these, however, possess only local interest. Rochester
and Chatham will, no doubt, be attractive to some of
the metropolitans, but Warwick is the great gun of the
week; and, as the precursor of the Great Yorkshire
Meetieg, will, no doubt, be well attended-1n fact, I
think the moves of to-morrow and Wednesday will be
pregnant with the fate of the St. Leger.
The only stake of note in to-morrow's list at War-
wick that has yet closed is that yclept the Leamington,
the probable starters for which are the following :
Cariboo, 5 yrs, Bst 71b; Russborough, 5 yrs, Bst 51b
(d) ; Lady Evelyn, 6 yrs, 7st 131 b; Goldfiuder,
4 yrs, 7st 101 b ; Grier; 6 yrs, 7st Sib ; Adminis-
trator, aged, Est flub ; Storyteller, 4 yrs, Est
61b ; Terpsichore, 4 yrs, Est 41b; Ibis, 3 yrs,
sal 61b (d) ; Cleveland, 3 yrs, sst 610 ; Hugo. 3 yrs,
sst lib; and Madeline, 3 yrs, sst (d). The moves
brought about on Saturday and yesterday were of con-
siderable importance on the Leamington Stakes, if not
on the St. Leger. For the former on Saturday evening
Lady Evelyn was in great demand at 5 to 1 and 9 to 2;
not more than 4to 1, however, was to be obtained. She
still continuos firm at that price. Another move on Sa-
turday evening was the sudden introduction of Gold-
finder, who seems to have satisfied his party in some
private essay So well that he was backed by them to a
large extent, rising rapidly from an outside figure to 6
11 to 2, and this morning cannot be
quoted at more than
sto 2. Cariboo also made his appearance yesterday,
as the horse destined to represent the interests of the
Littletonian confederates. Beyond being backed by them
his chance has not been invested upon by the public to
any extent, 10 to 1 being freely
afinhdder 12 ,
atondl. Calrithwhhilla not
lithgsuerthprerisienmthee t
offered against him this
to 1. He was supported yesterday stilly at 6 to 1 and
morning. Grief has found a tew admirers at 100 to 7
of the race to-morrow.
The only moves of consequence on the St. Leger were
the decline of Daniel O'Rourke from 3 to 4 to 1; a
couple of reonkies betted between him and his stable
companion Songstress, and the great favour into which
Trousseau has suddenly sprung, to to 1 being the ex-
treme figure to be obtained aboir, her.
A great deal of business doing on the Leamington
front
see Grief,at the Gfi
hoilsdh-
events this morning, at the following prices:—Leaming-
ton Stakes-4 to 1 agst Lady Evelyn, sto 1 agst Gold-
finder, 8 to 1 each agst Cleveland, Terpsichore and
Hugo; 10 to 1 agst Cariboo, 12 to each agst Grief,
h
Storyteller and Russborougb. Castle Park Stakes-6
to 4 agst colt by Assault, who, itie reported, is to be t-;
Borough
winner; Elmsthorpe not expected to show.
Handicap-6 to 4 agst Charley. Warwick Cup_Evene
on Little Harry, sto 1 agst Joe Miller. County
—5 to 2 aget Paddy Bird, 4 to 1 agst Gladiola.
Cup-2 to 1 agst Remunerator. Town Plates--4 to 1
agst Warwick, 5 any other.
Welter
Marlborough Buck, it is reported, has closed his
racing career, Mr. Hillier Hooves, of Rawton,
bought him to put to the stud.—l am, Sir, &c..TURF.
Supt. 6. THE SPIRIT OF THE having
SP

ORTIN G INTELLIGENCE.
LATEST BETTING AT THE WEST END.
THE LEAMINGTON STAKES.
6to 1 agst Goldfinder 110 to 1 agst Cariboo

4 to 1 agst D
egst Stockwell
5 to 2
Dan. O'Rourke
ST. LEGER.
10 to 1 agst Harbinger—t
4 to 1 apt 10 to 1 agst
Songstress
T NEWPORT RACES—(CorianDED).
Trousseau—t
General,
w
The Tredegar Park Stakes of 5 sous. each, and 25
addedshr (6 Subs.), were won in two heats by Mr. Elwes'e
Pshire Witch, aged, 16st 21h (Yates), beating
98 Madame Wharton, 4 yrs, 9st 41h; Maurice Daly, aged,
t 91b; The Adder, 4 yrs, 9st Ilb; and another.
The Innkeepers' Hurdle Race for 30 wive• and a
sweepstakes of 3 sows. each, twice round and a dis. (4
SSTIRLING RAC
beating Mr. Fother-
aged, lOst 101 b (Owner),
as won in two heats by Mr. B. Land's The
The Burgh Stakes of 5 souse gill's Miss Banks, 9st Ilb, and Mr. Hewitt 's Miss Pru-
dence, Ilat 31b.
each. and 25 added, for 3
Es.....FawAy (Cowin 1 Eon ).2
The Hack Stakes were won by Mr. Williamson's Kate;
and the Ladies' Plate by Madame Wharton.
....ey's Little Jack, 5 yrs,
Mr• Cunningham's Chatterbox,
Captainyrs old and upwards. Two Miles. (5 Subs.)
1r get 31b (Roberston) I
5 yrs, 3st Illb ...... 2
The Sauchie Stakes of 5 soil. 003, 2 ft, and 25 added,
for three yrs old and upwards. Heats once round and
a distance. (3 Subs.)
Mr. J. Taylor naMissLawson, Bst 41b (W• Noble) 1 1
Mr. Henderson's Bou Maza, 5 yrs, 9st 41b
Won easy by two lengths.
dr
Th. Won cleverly.
e St. Ninian's Handicap of 5 sous. each, with 20
added. Once round. (8 Subs.)
Mr. A. Johnat ' Lind, 6 yrs, Est 121 b (Niell) 1
mr.,
~ , one s Jenny
lib
' "II 8 Swa!edalo, 6 yrs, 7st ..................... 2
Mr. S ,
llarpe s Seclusion, 3 yrs, sst 91b .................. 3
Won by a length.
The Scurry Stakes were won by Lizars, beating Bou
MUZ3.

presented with a sovereign
MATcri.
TETE EARL of CARLISLE AT A WRESTLING
—The Earl of Carlisle was present at the Talkin Tarn Re-
a feeling gatta, Cumberland, the other day, and at the close of a
by the Noble Earl, who wished
wrestlir,g match for LI, when the sixth and lest round
which was between a weaver named Pearson and another'
man named Glaister, terminated, the victor (Glaister) was
standing in
the fortunate wrestler much joy. One of the spectators, a
humble villager was
rough, homely inhabitant of the village of Brampton, with
ficiently loud to be heard by his Lordship, "The Earl should
g of true sympathy for the defeated, exclaimed, suf.
decay° their reyntrd.
ha' ge'en the peer weaver the sovereign." The Noble Earl
immediately rose, walked up to Pearson, who was still
His Lordship was then loudly cheered by the spectators.
the ring stripped, and gave him a sovereign also.
Perhaps it is questionable whether the Noble Earl or the
epromptededs in bt
6.3,l then highercer.

PONIES AND PARACHUTES—DESCENT IN
A PARACHUTE AT CREMORIVE.
A reward was formerly decreed by the Persian King
to the man who should invent a new pleasure. The
caterer for public amusement in our days, however, if
he ventures upon producing a new sensation, stands a
fair chance of being rewarded with the treadmill. We
had yesterday an opportunity of seeing the three ponies
with which Madame Poitevin has been in the habit of
making her ascents—these are two cream-coloured and
one white—and they are as pampered-looking, sleek-
coated, carefully-tended animals as were ever driven in
the phaeton of a fashionable lady. One of them has
ascended about 50 times, the white pony upon which
Madame Poitevin went up on Thursday last having
been up up wards of 100 times, and the third and largest,
a stout handsome•looking animal,
150
assured by M. Poitevin that
althocgtihmtehs.ey\hVe wereaveen-
en-
countered in their numerous ascents all sorts of
weather—hail, rain, snow, high winds, and
thunder and lightning—they had
the slightest injury, and
h thney ver sustained
WewearheadponLi,erfccit.pedts Kith
the intrepid aeronauts.
the mode in which the animals are attached atol"thetobaul-
s
loon we were at once satisfied that there i
no ground
s
whatever for the charge of cruelty. The
c
the ascents are made is a new one of veryon, ehrtanhdle
dimensions and great ascending powers. It
is sornely painted, and is termed f° The The Zodiac," Fro -
the centre of the balloon, where the ret-work ends, 26
s
ropes depend, which hung four or five yards below, tbe
point at which the horse is suspended, and this is one of
the peculiarities of the arraegement. The body of the
horse is enveloped in a stout canvas bag, secured and
strengthened by broad leather straps well padd,d; other
leather bands pass round the fore and hinder parte, and
the whole of the weight is so equally divided that there
is no undue pressure upon any part, and the animal
himself, whose evidence ougtht to go for something,
eats hay or biscuit out of the hand as unconcernedly
as possible while so suspended. The different
bands and straps are united above the horse,
and are secured within the car by a spring, and the
mode of attaching and detaching him train the balloon
is perfectly simple and effective. On Thursday last
twenty-six Chelsea pensioners were employed to bring
down the balloon close to the ground, after it had been
fully inflated, the strap was at one secured to the spring
within the car, and the whole operation completed in less
time than we have taken to describe it. In addition to
the 26 ropes which we have mentioned there are also the
two gye-ropes, which are used in descending after the
grappling-iron has caught hold, in order to bring the
balloon upon its side, and facilitate the discharge of the
gas. All these ropes are brought into requisition when
disengaging the horse from the balloon; the enormous
machine is then slowly dragged down till the horse's feet
touch the ground, the spring is instantly disengaged,
and the animal is at liberty. Madame Poitevin mounted
the white pony on Thursday evening last, after the
descent, and rode it several miles into Cremorne
Gardens, amidst the acclamations of the spectators. On
the same occasion a parachute was taken up with the
balloon, capable of sustaining a weight of between 300
and 400 pounds. It was the intention of Madame
Poitevin to have descended in this parachute, but the
lessee was unwilling to encounter the slightest risk,
and suggested that the parachute should be in the
first place loaded with a weight exceeding that of
Madame Poitevin by 281 b., and that its descent should
be closely watched. This was accordingly done on
Thursday evening, and when the balloon was at an
elevation of about two miles the parachute was de-
tached, and in about seven minutes descended at Acton,
as gently as a bird alights on the ground, its perpendi-
cular position having been maintained throughout. It
was the descent of this parachute which gave rise to
the report that the brothers, whose gymnastic
feats in the trapeze have excited so great a sen-
sation, had fallen from the clouds and been killed.
We understand that these daring performers are
not secured in any way to the bar from which
they are suspended, relying altogether upon
their muscular powers and dexterity, and, how-
ever hazardous the feats may appear in the eyes
of the public, they feel as secure as if within a
few feet of the ground, the motion of the balloon being
so steady as to divest the performance of all risk. All
that has hitherto taken place, however, in Cremorne,
fades before the interest attached to the parachute de-
scent, which is announced to take place from these gar-
degs on Monday evening; and as the prejudice is this
country against this mode of descending from balloons
is very strong, since the fatal attempt of Mr. Cocking,
about twelve years since, we have taken some trouble to
learn the principles upon which Madame Poitevin's
parachute is constructed, in order to ascertain how far
the scientific requirements of this machine have been
adopted. We may sfate that Madame Poitevin has
already descended in France no less than 27 times, on
one occasion in presence of the President Louis Na-
poleon, who presented her with a handsome bracelet;
and that she has accomplished all these descents with
the greatest ease and safety. The car is composed
of a light wicker basket, comfortably padded
and cushioned, with a projecting brim about 18
inches wide also cushioned. The car is about 10 feet in
diameter, and is secured by ropes to a strong circular
iron tubing, of about 12 or 15 feet in diameter, pro-
jecting over and beyond the car, and to this iron hoop
or ring the cords of the parachute are secured. When
ascending the parachute resembles a closed umbrella,
and when descending it expands, and is somewhat in
the shape of a gigantic parap/uie of stout crimson bilk,
strongly secured along the edges with cord, and
fastened by about 26 ropes to the iron ring we have
ready described. The car hones at a distance of about
30 feet from the parachute, and by a simple contrivance
tbo whole can be detached at any moment from the bal-
loon. In order to secure the proper expansion of the
parachute, M. Poitevin, who steers the balloon, having
attained the re spired height, opens the valve, and dis-
charges some lour or five thousand cubic feet of gas; the
balloon, with its depending parachute, immediately de
ecends with great rapidity, the parachute is expanded
by the resistance of the air, and is then detached;
the balloon, which had been rapidly falling
from its loss of gas, being relieved of this weight, is
arrested in its downward progress, and again ascends,
but by this judicious counteracting of the one force by
the other, the risk of the parachute falling any consider-
able distance, or turning over before being expanded, is
avoided, and the sudden darting up of the balloon t) en
immense height, at the risk of suffocating the aeronauts
by the escape of gas, is also prevented. So long a pe-
riod has elapsed since any attempt has been made to
descend in a parachute in this country, that the an-
nouncement of Madame Poitevin's experiment for Monday
evening will, we doubt not, attract very large numbers to
the gardens, and in such case we trust that all the neces-
sary precautions may be taken to prevent any over-
crowding or inconvenience, and that the result will tend
to establish the practicability of this mode of descent,
and form one additional step in aerial navigation. Al-
though many suggestions have been thrown out, very
little has up to this time been accomplished towards ren-
dering balloons available for any practical use. The
great experience acquired in the numerous ascents made
tor popular amusement has made them safe to a degree
which could hardly have been hoped for; but, excepting
in so far as a limited power has been obtained of ascen-
ding and descending, so as to take advantage of such
currents as may be met with at various elevations, no-
thing has been done towards guiding a balloon. Many
of the schemes proposed for the purpose evince a singu-
lar disregard of the essential difference between a ship
and a balloon, The former sails in two fluids of different
densities, and the notion of the water, the denser of the
two, upon the rudder, is a guide to the impelling power
derived from the air, or lighter or less dense element;
but no auoh regulator can be applied to the balloon,
which is sustained, as well as impelled by the air. All
the attempts hitherto made to apply a motive and guid-
ing power have failed, and until the solution of this
problem, ballooning must remain a mere toy for the
amusement of the multitude.—Sunday Paper of yesterday.

—ENERAL PACHECO.—We are sorry to learn that
the celebrated South American General Pacheco, who is
known as the founder of liberty in the Uruguay, and who
recently occupied the distinguished post of ambassador at
Paris from that republic, was, on his return to the scene of
his patriotism, attacked by a violent yellow fever, at Rio
Janeiro. On the occasion he was attended by his old friend
and colleague, Don Andrea Lamas, who had been constantly
by his side in every struggle for independence, and now came
to watch what was supposed to bathe last moments of his gal-
lant friend. Fortunately, however, the strength of the Gene-
ral's constitution overcame the disease, and, by the last ac-
counts, he had so far rallied as to give hope of speedy recovery.
An incident has come to our knowledge, which adds addi-
tional lustre to the name of Pacheco, and shows him to be
as humane in the amenities of civil life as he is daring and
skilful in military encounter. At a time when be believed
his course on earth had been run, and the hand of death was
upon him, his country and his friends were most prominent
in his thoughts. At such a trying conjuncture herec
to
received
a latter from London from one who had been long known
him; and, with a magnanimous consideration,be stating directed
a reply to be returned, in the most cordial terms,
that the General had
provided that the applicant should
henceforth receive a handsome pension, as a small tribute to
his meritorious services. Conduct such as this requires no
comment ; it carries its own panegyric wherever it is known.
and will, when known, add to the anxiety
in the true welfare of South America, that
of all intereated
andttheGief necessaryneralmay
be long spared to assist, in the council,
again, in the field, in maintaining the independence and ad-
vancing the fortunes of the Banda Oriental and its capital,
Monte Video.—Liv=erpool Albion.
COLCHESTER ARCH.TEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.--At the
quarterly meeting of this society, on Wednesday, a proposal
for disconnecting it from the Literary Institution and estab-
lishing it on an enlarged basis as a county society was dis-
cussed, and a committee appointed to report upon the mat-
ter at the annual meeting in November. The president
(Dr. Duncan) then gave a brief descrip'ion of the progress
of the excavations at the back of the residence of the Rev.
J. T. Round, where the old Roman sewer has been traced a
considerable distance, and remains met with which promise
still more important discoveries. The company afterwards
adjourned to view the excavations.
THE OYSTER FI,IIEEIFS.—Many representations
have been of late made to the office of the Committee of
Privy Council for Trade, by the Foreign-office, of complain
made to that office by the French Government, of infractionsts
on the provisions of the fisheries convention, subsisting
a
be-
tween this country and France, and of the Act 6 and
cap. 79, by British vessels dredging for oysters intshem
thlingiihss.
Channel and the Straits of Dover during the close
oe l
the
It is made a particular subject of complaint the con-
the
British
fishing-vessels fail to comply with that article
n of
of
vention (Art. 8) which requires that th
vessels shall be painted on the bow and on umbers
rh side of the
neta
vtyo
mainsail, and that they are thereby au
informed the Commevade pursuit. The Lords of the
.eCommitinteoere
Council for Trade have, therefore,
is-
sinners of Customs of their anxiety
Government should be
that all just grounds bf
complaint on the part of the French
to give directions to the
removed, and have requested themt,
cruisers in the Channel to
officers commanding her Alajes2
;infraction of the convention
use every exertion to preventarticularly to prevent fishing
by British fishermen,
vessels in the Channel launivdingP dredging implements on board
during the fence months, or, n.ot
theha mannervingtiteirregnuuirmedbebrys
I painted on the bows and sailt,,
tte, C9avetition,-41crold*

BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE AD.
VANCEMENT OF SCIENCE.
BELFAST, SEPT. 2.—The sections commenced their
meetings this morning in Queen's College, a remark-
ably handsome and well proportioned building in the
Elizabethan style, situated on rising ground, about
half a mile south-east of the city, on the Lisburn
road, and one of the three founded under the provi-
sions of "An Act to enable her Majesty to endow new
Colleges for the Advancement of Learning in Ire-
land." The sister colleges are at Cork and at Galway.
The friends of education will be gratified to hear that,
notwithstanding the opposition the colleges expe-
rienced, and the prognostics as to their early fate, they
have all succeeded, and have shown a gradual and
regular increase in their students each year since they
opened their doors. At Belfast the numbers of ma-
triculatei students have been 84 in 1350,111 in 1851,
and 119 in 1852, besides a large number of irregular
or non-matriculated students. The college educa-
tional courses, which is determined by the senate of
the Queen's University in Dublin, extends over
three years; it being imperative on the student to
attend the prescribed course before he can go up for
his degree examination. In glancing over the several
course of lectures which the student is required to
attend te,
an impression is engendered that, consi-
dering the probable normal education of the intend-
ing student, the subject to which be has to apply
ou entering, are at all events, too
himself., especially
numerous, if not generally above his standard. This
normal standard may, however, in time be raised, end
thus in itself effect a remedy; otherwise, if our im-
pression is correct—and its accords with the opinions
of many friends of education in Belfast—it would
appear to be advisable that the senate of the Univer-
sity, in whom the power is vested, should inquire into
a matter that may materially interfere with the good
results which we ought to derive from such an in-
stitution.
Another point open to comment is the amount of
fees to be paid by the student. These, though small
in single amounts, in the aggregate, owing to the nu-
merous departments he is required to attend, amount
to 281. for the three years—a large sum for the class
for which the college was principally intended, and
nearly double that of Glasgow and other of the Scotch
colleges. Of this total, 211. go in fees to the pro-
ipofneuossrtsutooffierdfsc.,
eahnTl
tedhhfi
07s
tr/ih.seithomaenutpdhsueemrupnumoOssl,
bigbaeern,afdofrorymry,muescsianterg,ms,
htatoahtevecreoisatmoollleeyb:fq.lsuiumuniptedi.t,
the secondary effects of the institution. The subject
was embodied in the address by the President and
Professors to the Lord-Lieutenant at his visit yester-
day
to the college, but was not noticed in hia rep
ly.
We can only, quoting from the address of the
presi-
dent of the association, recommend them to be true
to their own convictions, and steadily to persevere in
urging on all proper occasions, both publicly and pri-
vately, a measure which they feel to be necessary
for the proper fulfilment of the duties committed
to them.

The sections were well attended during the dav—
' A and C, Mathematical and Physical Science and
Geology, being the most crowded. The Lord-Lieu-
tenant and suite paid a visit to each in the course of
the day. Among the distinguished foreigners and
others present were—Prince of Canino ; Professor
Fowler, United States; Dr. Hamel, of St. Peters-
burgh ; and M. Tchihatchef, the Chevalier Neukomm,
Viscount Bangor, Marquis of Downshire, Lord Mas-
serene, Lord Naas, Sir P. Crampton, Hon. W. N.
Jocelyn, Lord Wrottesley, Earl of Enniskillen, Sir
R. Bateson, Earl of Antrim, the Attorney-General,
Admiral Montgomery, &c.
SECTION A.—MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE.
Rev. Professor Powell—Report on luminous me-
teors ; on a peculiarity of vision ; on luminous beams;
on converging sunbeams.
R. Russell—On the action of those storms to which
the rotatory theory has been applied.—ln the discus-
sions which ensued, the necessity of simultaneous
observations in different places was strongly urged,
in order to determine the points at present disputed.
W. R. Birt—On the zodiacal light.
W. J. M. Rankine—On the reconcentration of the
mechanical energy of the universe ; on the causes of
the excess of temperature of rivers above that of the
atmosphere.
Sir D. Brewster—On the form of images produced
by lenses and mirrors of different sizes.—This paper
had reference to the distorted appearances of objects
presented by some photographs taken with large
lenses, and created much interest on account of the
recent dispute between the author and M. Claudet.
Account of a rock crystal lens and decomposed glass
found in Nineveh.
Professor W. Thompson—On certain magnetic
curves, with electrical and hydrodynamical applica-
tions.—This paper excited much attention, and was
strongly confirmatory of Dr. Faraday's views regard-
ing the action of ferromagnetics and diamagnetics.
On the mutual ettraction between two electrified
spherical conductors.
SECTION B.—CHEMICAL SCIENCE.
Dr. Woods—On the amount of heat produced by
the combination of several metal° with oxygen. On
chemical combination. The author developed a
" mechanical theory" of heat, applying it to the
explanation of chemical phenomena.
Professor Hodges—On the composition and eco-
nomy of the flax plant. This was an elaborate paper,
drawn up with great skill and care, and entering fully
on the natural history and economic treatment of the
plant, of which the various processes, old and new,
were described and commented upon. Several new
and valuable analyses were given. Much discussion
took place, in which Dr. Ryan and others took part.
o
Mr. Griffithsora l
h geological map of Ire-
land. The scientific and economic features of the
cs ti s C;;--; GEOLOGY.
map were lucidly explained by the author at some
length. The most important of the latter had refer-
ence to the limestones, and to the recent discovery of
a bed of salt in the 'neighbourhood of Belfast. He
also stated clearly his opinion that coal is not to be
found in any quantity in Ireland, and, therefore,
every attempt to induce parties to embark in specu-
lations which must prove fruitless ought to
o be dis-
couraged.
Alßna.oHnuaersksnHesesa. Harkness—On the
horcicguhrtrsehirnceeof graphite at
of.s t. Ives, Hunt-
J. K. Watts—On the geology
ingdonshire.
E 0 —ZOOLOGY AND OTANY.
Colonels SECTION
the mines of CBopiapo.
a graceful tribute to science and to t e t had in
At the opening of this section the
the
apla d
expressing his deep sense of the loss hey sus
tained since their last meeting by the death of W
Thompson. The following resolution was unani-
mously agreed to, and entered in the proceedings
" That the section of zoology and botany desires to
record its high sense of the worth as a man, and the
eminence as a scientific naturalist, of the late William
Thompson,Esq., and deeply deplore the loss which science
and humanity have sustained by his sudden and prema-
ture death."
Professor Dickie—On the altitudinal ranges of
plants in the north of Ireland:
.This paper evidenced
the zeal and care of the authors in working out his
subject—many points of much importance to the
botany of Ireland were brought forward. Much dis-
cussion ensued, in which Professors Balfour and Ar-
nott, Prince of Canino, and Mr. Huxley took part.
Professor Allman—On a peculiar phase in the de-
velopment of an annelid.
Professor E. Forbes—On a new species of Irish
Garrett—Supplementary
cuttlefish.
abteyr tfihsehelsaotef
Ul-
ster, R. Patterson and J. R. Garrett—
re p
Thompson,or t on theuol
if
hße Faunaereasietfeadspt
a;
pi
in the
se
tlwhfr
eereelraa
fresh-water
w,
Me
rSeSceivoefdthweitlhatinefut7he-
iTsnthetrirmesaptssobnye the section, particularly on account b
circumstance alluded to by the President.
Mr. M. Meggeridge
periodical phenomena in _ p r on _
—Re o t the Occurrence of
plants and animals at Swan
sea—Tables which were issued by the association for
the registration of the eriodic henomena observed in
plants and animals were filled UP, by the
returned,
author and Miss Ll 11 de upon
Wales, and were read, and remarks made ewe yn, of Penn-lle.gare,
upon them by Dr. Lankester.
-etTorsoroeer.
SECTION E.—GEOGRAPHY AND south
oes Seleucia,
Captain W. Allen—On the an
near the mouth of the Orontes, Much interest was
route by the Euphrates to Ihndwia.
followed by a dis-
excited by this paper,
whicCbisney
seeieelinexion with the
took part, prince-
in which Colonel
vantages of the Euphrates
pally on the coru see difference in distance sp-
end Red Sea routtehs;
counterbalanced by the shal-
peering to be more than
which would necessitate the use
lowness oftheriver,„
or low power, and the numerous and
of small vesselsug
it
parative advents
contains.
shifting sandEb
flincks—On the ethnological bearing
Rev. pr-
of the recent discoveries in connexion with the Assy-
rian descriptions.
W. Bollaert—On the geograp!lical distribution of
cornea" "It'
J• W. Giles—Description of a Samoled family.
Sir J. Ross—On the aurora borealis.
SECTION F.—STATISTICS.
Lieutenant-Colonel Sykes—On the census of the
Island of Bombay.—Some very interesting matter
in thisg given. It
and some t
hraetm
tahrek belne
os n
ot
fa i
thened
district
fweaasturce
are in great excess over the women-354,090 to
212,059—a difference due mainly to the crime
of
female infanticide. This crime is due to an
extraor-
dinary cause. It is considered a disgrace f females
do not get married, and to save this disgrace in some
cases, and in others to save the expenses, which.
heavy in India, in their marriage customs'
are
, the ale
children are murdered to a horrible extent. The Go-
vernment have checked this deplorable crime con-
siderably by establishing a fund, out of
which, under
certain condi,ions, sums shall be 11
a otted for marriage
purposes.
G. R. Porter—On the pro ctive industry of Faris.

This paper, read by Mr. M'Adam, secretary, con-
tained most valutible details of the productive industry
of Paris, furnishing important data forcomparison with
our own. In it will be found matter for the serious
consideration of our political economists, as in several
of these branches of manufacture which are supposed
to press most weightily on our own trade, it appears
that the wages paid for labour are higher than with
us, while the raw material is about the same price.
An interesting portion was that in reference to the
education of the workmen. Of the entire number,
87 per cent. of the men and 79 per cent. of the wo-
men could read and write.
Professor Hancock—Are there any impediments
to the fair competition of free labour with slave la-
bour in the West Indies ?--It is impossible in the
limits allowed by this notice to do properi ustice to
the importance and value of this paper. Professor
Hancock's deductions were all based upon the recog-
nised principles of moral philosophy and political
economy, and were supported by statistical evidence,
and by quotations from Adam Smith, Bigelors, Cand-
ler, Alexander, and other high authorities. An ani-
mated dicussion took place, in which the professor's
positions were warmly disputed, but which in his
replyand most successfully re-established.
SECTION
G.—MEcuargicaL SCIENCE.
v Iu
4irn—Preliminary report on the Mecha-
nical
e , ahiy
Pro
perties of Metals, &c.:Thomas M. Gladstone—On malleable Iron for
Girders.—The author recommends a double T form
as the best adapted for general purposes where
strength is required, and that in all cases wrought
as bearing a certain
iron is preferable to cast,
amount of deflection, and giving warning before
breaking. _ _

Mr. Whittle, of New Zealand—An Account of a
new Flax Machine.—This machine is intended for the
preparation of the fibre of the Phormium tenax, and
not the common flax.
Captain J.
Saunders—A New Design for Safety
Harbours.

G. Clarke—On the Evolution of Gas in the Walls-
end Colliery.—This paper was read by Professor J.
Phillips, whose remarks added considerably to its
value and importance. The gases issue under consi-
derable pressure, which varies in accordance with the
fluctuations of the barometer, but in anticipation of
them by about half an hour. Some important allu-
sions and suggestions were made as to the sources of
accident in coal mines, and Professor Phillips con-
chided by strongly recommending the education of the
miners as the surest means of remedy.