The Sun.
London, England, 1852-04-09 00:00:00

SOCIETY OF ARTS•

Average Araoun 1
Rochester, Chatham, and Strood Bank Roches-
ter—Day and Nicholson
17
'
Rugby Bank, Rugby—Butlin and Son 12,994
Rye Bank, Rye—Ponafret and Co.
Ross Uld Bank, Herefordshire, Ross—Pritchard

and Allawny .....
Saffron Walden and North Essex Bank, Saffron
Walden—Messrs. Gibson
Salop Bank, Shrewsbury—Burton, Lloyd, and

C 0............. ......... . .............................
Scarborough Old Bank, Scarborough—Woodall

and............... ............... ...............
Shrewsbury Old Bank, and Shrewsbury and
Ludlow Bank, Shrewsbury—Locke, Eytons,

and Co
Sittingbourne and Milton Bank, Sittingbourne
—Valiance and Son
Southampton Town and County Bank, South-
ampton—Haddison and Pearce
Southwell Bank, Southwell—Wylde and Co
Southampton and Hampshire Bank, Southamp-
ton—Atherly and Fall •
Stone Bank, Stone—W. Moore
Stafford Old Bank, Stafford—Stevenson and Co
Stamford and Rutland Bank, Stamford—Eaton,
Cayley, and Co. .
Stourbridge Old Bank, Stourbridge—Bate and

3,596

28,058

13,532

21,147

- Robins -
Shrewsbury and Welshpool Bank, Shrewsbury
—Beck, Downward, and Co.
Taunton Bank, Taunton—Messrs. Badcock
Tavistock Bank, Tavistock—Gill, Rundle, and

Co
Thornbury Bank, Thornbury—Rolph, Yates, and
Parslow
Tiverton and Devonshire Bank, Tiverton—Duns-
ford and Barne
Thrapston and Kettering Bank, Northampton-
shire, Thrapston—Yorke and Eland
Tring Bank and Chesham Bank, Tring—But-
cher and Son
Towcester Old Bank, Towcester—J. and S
Percival
Town and County of Poole Bank, and Ring-
wood and Poole Bank Ledgard and
Sons'
Union Bank, Cornwall, lielston—Vivian and

34,210

2,090

10,620
13,676

3,720

10,111

28,130

22,838
21,297

9,334

7,262

8,675

10,456

13,623

8,910

9,989

Co.
Uxbridge Old Bank, Uxbridge—Hull, Smith,
and Co.
Wallingford Bank, Wallingford—Hedges &Co 7,529
Warwick and Warwickshire Bank, Warwick—
Greenway and Co.
Wellington Somerset Bank, Wellington—Fox,
Brothers
West Riding Bank, Wakefield, and Pontefract
Bank, Wakefield—Leatham, Tew, and Co.
Whitby Old Bank, Whitby—Simpson, Chap-
man, and Co
Winchester, Alresford, and Alton Bank, Win-
chester—Bulpett and Co.
Winchester and Hampshire Bank, Winchester
—Wickham and Co.
Weymouth Old Bank and Dorchester Bang,
Weymouth—Elliott and Pearse
Wirkesworth and Ashbourne Derbyshire Bank,
Wirkesworth—Arkwright and Co.
Wisbech and Lincolnshire Bank, Wisbech—
Gurney and Co.
Wiveliscombe Bank, Wiveliscombe—P. and W
Hancock 7,430
Wolverhampton Bank, Wolverhampton—Good•
ricke and Holyoake.
Worcester Bank, Worcester—Farley, Lavender,

8,523

12,770

20,090

4,871

6,574

and Co.
Worcester Old Bank and Tewkesbury Old Bank,
Worcester—Berwick, Lechmere, and Co 63,239
Worcestershire Bank, Kidderminster—Farley
and Turner
Walsall Old Bank, Walsall—Charles Foster and
Sons
Warminster and Wiltshire Bank, Warminster—
Everett and Co.
Wolverhampton Bank, Wolverhampton—
Messrs. Fryer
Yarmouth and Suffblk Bank, and Halesworth
and Suffolk Bank, Yarmouth—Gurney,
Birkbeck, and Co.
Yarmouth, Norfolk, and Suffolk Bank, Great
Yarmouth—Sir E. K. Lacon, Bart., and Co
York Bank, York—Swann, Clough. and Co—

JOINT-STOCK BANKS.
Sank of Westmoreland, Kendal
Barnsley Banking Company, Barnsley
Bradford Banking Company, Bradford
'Elston District Banking Company, Wolver-
hampton
Bank of Whitehaven, Whitehaven
Bradford Commercial Banking Company, Brad-
ford
Burton, Uttoxeter, and Staffordshire Union
Banking Company, Burton-upon-Trent
Chesterfield and North Derbyshire Banking
Company, Chesterfield
Cumberland Union Banking Company, Work-

7,275

15,083

10,790

34,105

12,235
39,127

10,136
8,076
46,647

7,680
28,504

18,277

52,348

7,975

32,717

in ;ton
Cieltenham and Gloucestershire Banking Com-
pany, Cheltenham
Coventry and Warwickshire Banking Company
Coventry
Coventry Union Banking Company, Coventry..
County of Gloucester Banking Company, Chel-
tenham
Carlisle and Cumberland Banking Company
Carlisle
Carlisle City and District Bank, Carlisle
Dudley and West Bromwich Banking Company,
Dudley
Derby and Derbyshire Banking Company, Derby
Darlington District Joint-Stock Banking Com-
pany, Darlington
East of England Bank, Norwich
Gloucestershire Banking Company, Gloucester 133,570
Halifax Joint-Stock Bank, Halifax 17,275
Huddersfield Banking Company, Huddersfield 32,761
Hull Banking Company, Hull 22,684
Halifax Commercial Banking Company, Ha-
lifax ......................................... 12,001
Halifax and Huddersfield Union Banking Com-
pany, Halifax
Helston Banking Company, Holston . 1,444
Herefordshire Banking Company, Hereford 16,900
Knaresborough and Claro Banking Company,
Knaresborough 26,637
Kingsbridge Joint-Stock Bank, Kingsbridge 3,135
Lancaster Banking Company, Lancaster „ 55,923
Leeds Banking Company, Leeds
Leicestershire Banking Company, Leicester
Lincoln and Lindsey Banking Company, Lincoln 44,365
Leamington Priors and Warwickshire Banking
Company, Leamington Priors
-Ludlow and Tenbury Bank, Ludlow 9,866
Moore and Robinson's Nottinghamshire Bank-
ing Company, Nottingham
Nottingham and iv ottinghamshire Banking
Company, Nottingham
Newcastle, Shields, and Sunderland Union Joint-
Stock Banking Company, Newcastle
National Provincial Bank of England, Birming-
ham, Head-office; 112, Bishopsgate-street,
London
North Wilts Banking Company, Melksham 44,633
Northamptonshire Union Bank, Northampton 66,630
Northamptonshire Banking Company, North-
-21,362
araptnn ...........
rs‘hVae Bankinglesßan Company,k,Liverpo Lei-
.... Liverp001....... 25,932
2Naorretsh,santic.el South
441:174004
Sheffield Bankiitg•
S acdedslteewr ... B.; Sll,eSffi. ade
lddl .
33.935
Boston..
.......................
... tn..
..
50 920
anfoyr,cl,tSarnparoldridn.gC.,'i:o.a.inn.:l .
..
Stamford,
..
Bristol Somerset-
litpmuckey'ss Banking Company, p
38,825
sp'noirrte S ora
...ersetshr f e Bank, Lang-
308,37,
Shropshire Banking Company,nY' Shiffnall
Stourbridge and Kidderminster Banking Com-
Stourbrid,P • ............. 57,175
Sheffield and H.alfarns ...... Banking Company,
Sheffield
,Sheffield ...otherham .... ...........
wCa°lenidpaalen.Yanli e.33.d.a• . . .61:31.p.;;;;, 54,..103
,stoß_riceyhmoanntal ...Thomas,
...
Wpoalvneyr,hwarnoptvtoontha.a:rnttoanio; .......
Shaftesbury 44_,/ 40
. . ...
......... ... b. 0. IC. p: la:
ing om"
31,804
VA'aketield and....................... 12,7 01
Whitehaven Joint-Stcjek
viWarwhiiteekhaanvedn
Warwick .....
West of Engla eueuir torn ju:a.tanhnlng: 32°3:33::
ga District
WBilats"kat; Ed
r ot e t an. king do—rn.p.o.a.;, . .......... "•• .••.•
73,2
......
6749277
West Riding Union Banking
c.ln
Ilersfield -
.
. .....
Whitchurch and Ellesmere Banking Co 31,231
Whitchurch
Worcester City ....... ............. .CC ........................... 2260
Worcester
.......
York Union Banking Company . ...
..........
York City and County Banking Company, York 8351:8,:260
......... 70,985
Ygi sit reaerd so
f Bank R18e5t1u2r.8n.5.987
Yorkshire Bvan. kpinsgACNoms,pßane
Inland Revenue, Somerset House, April 3,

9,051

22,470
13,201

95,814

23,432
18,580

36,738
19,649

1,245

LIGHT AT THE MOUTH OF NELSON HAR
BOUR.

Harbour-office, Nelson, N.Z., Aug. 22,1851.
The Nelson Harbour Light will be known to mari-
ners us a fixed rod light. The light will be visible in a
•south direction from N.N.W. round to N.N.E. The
:lantern is elevated 160 feet above the level of the sea ;
but the light being red will not be secs at a greater dis-
tance than about eighteen miles, and at a lesser distance,
aiccording to fho state of the atmosphere. Vessels run-
z ing down the bay should bring the light to bear
S , with the lead going until they got within
SO yell fathoms, when they should anchor and wait for
z pi
lo'. The light i 3 in sou.h lat. 41 deg. 15 min. 30
s EC., and east long. 173 deg. 16 min. 5 sec.

LUNACY PROCEEDINGS EXPENSES BILL. Lord
ffynclhurst's Bill to diminish the expense owfiipirohce beenveeding
ted s
vvder commissions "dc lunatico inquirendo hasa
By it, the order 3 of the Masters
oforce as those of the Lord Chancellor, except i the
ease,s. The costs of proceedings will be at the dis-
ci
paid only under an order of the Lord Chancellor-
cr. etion and
an, I the Master, as the cive may be. The Master will be
req.lired to frame rules and orders for the form of the pro-
ceed.np, subject to the approval cf the Lord Chancellor, who
will make the necessary gervral orders; all rules and orders,
how ever, will have to ba submitted to Parliament. There is
atc, as. indemnity clause for the Bank of England and other
az& !ties for all acts and things done or permitted to be done
trf tlus- Act.

On Wednesday evening one of a series of lectures
in connexion with the Great Exhibition was delivered
at the usual meeting of the Society of Arts. The
subject of the lecture was "The Iron-making lt,D
sources of the United Kingdom," and was deli-
vered by

S. H. BLACKWELL, Esq., F.G S., of Dudley, who
said—That however successful the Exhibition of 1851
might be regarded as having been for the great pur-
pose for which it was designed, namely, to illustrate
the progress made up to the present time in the vari-
ous departments of the arts and manufactures of
the world, and however wonderful might have been
the vast collection of objects of wealth and industry
brought together, it might certainly be asserted that
the Exhibition itself displayed in no one of its details
any more remarkable instance of modern progress
than the vast and stately building which rose
with almost magic rapidity from the ground, and
which was no less admirable for its beauty and
simplicity, than for its amazing vastness, and its per-
fect adaptation to the purposes for which it was in-
tended. The very conception of the idea of the
Crystal Palace, and its successful execution, placed
prominently forward the great iron-making resources
of the kingdom, and the extraordinary degree of per-
fection to which some of the branches of our iron
manufactures had attained. Whilst the other branches
of manufactures were illustrated by a careful selec-
tion of the most perfect results attained in their own
departments, the most remarkable illustration of the
present condition of the iron manufacture was to be
found in the building itself, which spread its lofty roof
and walls of light over all it held, and guarded with
such perfect care and fitness the boundless stores of
wealth collected together from so many parts
of the world. The guardian and basis of the
Exhibition itself—the Crystal Palace, illustrated
no less admirably how the iron-making re-
sources of the kingdom underlie all departments
of manufacture, and become the very foundation
on which all modern progress must rest—aiding and
assisting every other branch of manufactures, and
connecting all together in one great bond of unity.
It was natural, therefore, that a prominent place
should have been assigned in the Exhibition to the
iron-making resources of the kingdom, and it was
wisely determined that an attempt should be made to
collect, in the mineral department, so comprehensive
a collection of the various ores of Great Britain as
should enable some idea to he formed of our general
iron-making resources. No similar attempt bad
been made before, and, consequently, this was one of
some difficulty, and the execution could only be con-
sidered approximately successful. It would be ne-
cessary, in the first place, to take a view of the
rise and progress of our iron manufacture in order
to give an idea of its rapidity in the last half century.
Its history might be divided into two periods, the
first extending from the earliest historical notice
of it which we possess down to the introduc-
tion of coal as fuel for smelting ; and the second
extending from that period to the present time. Eng-
land was early celebrated for her iron manufacture,
and there were few districts where iron ores were
now found in which remains of old workings did not
exist, and in some districts it was clear that smelting
with the charcoal of the forests was extensively car-
ried on. This was the case not only in the districts
where iron manufacture was now worked, but in those
in which it bad long ceased ; and the red Yasmatites
of the carboniferous limestones of Lancashire, the
Forest of Dean, and Somersetshire, the argillaceous
limestones of Derbyshire, Yorkshire, Staffordshire,
and South Wales—all now ironinaking localities—
were worked at very early periods ; while the iron ores
of the green sand and wealden clay formations of Sus-
sex, Surrey, and Kent, and the Esc matitee of the Devo-
nian beds of Somersetshire, and even the hwaeatitic
conglomerates of Brock welland Minehead, which have
now ceased to be iron-producing districts, were for-
merly largely worked. Traces of ancient workings had
also been found in the ore districts of Northampton •
shire, which had only attracted attention since the
Exhibition, which showed they were known to the
Romans. The early iron trade was at its greatest
height in 1615, where, according to " Sturtevant," as
quoted by Dudley in his " Metallum Mertes," there
were in England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, 800
furnaces, which, if working forty weeks a year, would
produce 180,000 tons. Various causes led to a de-
cline in the manufacture, and, in 1740, it was only
17,350 tons, produced by fifty-nine furnaces. At-
tempts to employ coal for smelting were made in
1620, but its use for fuel was only established in
1740, the second epoch in the manufacture of iron,
which, in 1788, rose to 70,000 tons ; in 1800, to
180,000 ; in 1825, to 600,000 ; and in 1851, to
2,500,000: South Wales producing 750,000; Scot-
land, 775,000; South Staffordshire and Worcestershire
600,000 ; and other districts, 400,000. In 1851 the
exports were upwards of 1,200,000 tons, not including
tin plates, hardware, cutlery, and machinery, the de-
clared value of which was—tin plates, 1,018,9511.;
hardware and cutlery, 2,826,1321.; machinery,
1,164,9331.; and adding to this pig iron, bars,
wrought iron, wire and castings, the whole value of
the exports of iron was 10,424,1391. The causes of
this increase were traceable to the demand made by
the rapid expansion of all our arts and manufactures,
to improved machinery and apparatus, and to the
vast and almost inexhaustible supplies of coals and
iron our mineral fields contained. As regarded the
two first, this country only possessed them in common
with the world at large, but as regarded the last, it
possessed a marked pre-eminence, the United States
alone being able to bear any comparison as regarded
the area of coal and iron fields, but possessing no ar-
gillaceous ironstone, which here existed in this
country in such abundance, alternating with
beds of coal in our coal fields, so that coal and
ore are constantly obtained together by the
same working. This proximity existed in
no other country ; and in the Exhibition there were
four hundred specimens of the argillaceous ironstones
of England, while the only other country that pos-
sessed any specimens was the United States, and those
amounted only to three or four. Besides the argil-
laceous ironstone there were carbonaceous deposits
of iron ore peculiar to this country, and the " black-
hand " ironstones of Scotland, Northumberland, North
Staffordshire, and South Wales, were unknown else-
where, and these supplied nine-tenths of the iron pro-
duced. The quantity of iron produced was—in
Scotland, 775,000 tons; South Wales, 700,000 ;
South Staffordshire and Worcestershire, 600,000;
Shropshire, 90 000 ; North Straffordshire, 55,00'd ;
Yorkshire and Derbyshire, 105,000 ; North Wales,
28,000 ; Forest of Dean, 26,000 ; Whitehaven,
12,500 ; Northumberland, 90,000. The ironstones
were divided into the argillaceous ironstones and the
blackbands or carbonaceous ironstones. The former
consist of oxyde of iron, alumnia, silica, manganese,
soda potash, phosphoric acid, titanium, crystals
of nickel, zinc, copper, and lead, the quality vary-
ing according to the predominance of any of these
components. (The lecturer then entered into an ela-
borate chemical .analysis of this species of ore, and
stated the peculiarities of all of them in their several
districts, and their infinite varieties.) The cost of

raising this class of ores was greater than any other,being
from 4d. to 9s. a ton ; but from their superior
quality and proximity to coal were extensively used.
The second class, the blackhand or carbonaceous
ironstone?, were not so varied, and owing to their
general thickness were raised at ls. 6d. to 2s a ton.
The two principal constituents of blackbands were
oxyde of iron and carbonic acid, silica and alumnia
existing only in a small proportion. The iron they
produced had a greater tendency to "cold-short-
Liege" than any other class, owing to the plio?phoric
acid it contained ; and were best adapted for foundry
purposes, for which indeed Scotland was pre-eminent.
The localities in which it existed were Scotland, Nor
thumberland, North and South Wales, North Stafford-
shire, parts of South Staffordshire and the Clee
Hills. The discovery of " Blackbands" in Scot-
land was made in 1801 by Mr. Muekett, and the
power of using in blast furnaces by means of the hot
blast was a new era in iron manufacture, causing an
increase in Scotland from 37,500 tons in 1830, and
196,960 in 1839, to 750,000 in 1851. Tae next most
imirpeorandtantSouth Wna les— blackbad distri
thactLlynvi Valleys were North Stafford-
sh
the roost remarkable—and in the Anthracitbed being
e district,
of ystabyfera and Groscedwin, as well as in those
Nant-y-glo. Ebba Vale and Shir-
gaud the Clee Hills
and are to be fond, as well as in th
Cardiff Vale!, in North W ales a
and also in the lower carboniferous beds of North-
umberland and Durham. In some districts beds of
coal sometimes changed into bads of blackband iron-
tone ; and the extent of deposits of ironstone alter-
fact that the entire area of the coal fields of Eng-
land,natel with beds of coal might be gathered from the
y Wales, and Scotland, was estimated at 5,768
carboniferous
ores, after
square miles ; although in some of the coal fields
quantitieswnr.
the argillaceous ironstone did not exist in
sufficient to enable them to be
resourcel wereirnekstdn,ny:ftotrhineayt. part of our iron manufacturing
since that fuel was required for smelting the
red oxydeoo.oal-measures, were tou ~....cala 1 es or
theoolitic beds. The most l important iron
not rich as a class, •, which were found most in carboniferous
were in 1-4,ocashl9n3i and the most important deposits
eless had been Ire and the Forest of Dean. This
IV,species of iron
the northern districtw
pro-
duced at a low cost of from its large masses, at an early period, and, though
and was in great re of 2s. or 3s, a ton, and produced,,
demandm arkable for its “red-shortness,
Some of the I,;cmatites in
to 63 per cent., rendered quality in the kingdoms
while the large and
were largely shipped,
were considered the finest
ore was found raelde
percentage of iron they contained, 60
This
to a limited extent, and it -al
and the Isle of Man, lisl'i
1, Somersetsbire, Devon,
them of great importance.
but was not much work ad" existed in Scotland,
valuable class of these ores, thee There was also ft
been worked only
A