The Sun.
London, England, 1852-05-06 00:00:00

DEATH OF MR. ALEXANDER MACKAY

(From the Chronicle.)
It is with sincere regret that we record the (Utah, on
his way borne, of Mr. Alexander Mackay, the author of
the " Weetern World," and lately the Commissioner to
India of the Manchester Chamter of Comrzy•roe. Mr.
Mackay was for many years connected with this journal,
and we cannot withhold from his name the tribute due
to the memory of an able coadjutor and of a valued
friend.

By Mr. Mackay's untimely fate an opening career of
great promise is cut short. Endowed with high mental
qualities, possessed of a clear intellect and acute and
rapid powers of reasoning—a keen observer, and an in-
stinctive lover of truth—Mr. Mackay added to thesegifts
a most amiable disposition. These powers had been as-
certained, and were in the act of being applied to im-
portant public purposes, when the climate of a hot
country, acting upon a naturally delicate constitution,
cut him off—not, however, before he had to a great ex-
tent completed his task.
Alexander Mackay was the son cf Mr. Mackay, a
mach-respected baulzer in Inverness, and was born in
that town about 1820. He was educated at the neigh-
bouring town of Elgia, and afterwards at Aberdeen.
Family arrangements lid him first to Canada, where
he was destined for the colonial bar, and fur some brief
.pace practised with reeute. Journalism, however, seems
to have had more attraction for Mr. Mackay than profet-
sional practice, and accordingly he soon became the con-
ductor of a highly respectable newspaper in Toronto. After
residing ia Canada for several years, and travelling over
a great portion of the provinces and the States, he re-
turind home hi search of a wider sphere than could be
afforded by colonial life. He was speedily engaged in
convection with thi, journal, and so highly were his
acuteness and levies" etsililties estimated, that ho was
st•nt, eat again I,y the Morning Chronicle to the United
States, for the put pose of examining the diplomatic
bearings of the treaties as to the Maine boundary, gni
observing the feelings of the American public on the
question. His letters upon these subjects were replete
with most vahlahle information, and with clear and
logical reasoning. Not long after his return, Mr.
Mackey published his " Western World," the great
ability and comprehensive grasp of which were at
once acknowledged. The bock was indeed
pronouuced to be the best and most complete work ever
written upon the Transatlantic Republic. Its success
wits great and lames:late, and the volumes became at
once a a:enders? authority upon that most important
subject. The author's connexion with this journal was
prolonged for tome time afterwards. As one of our
special correspoedents,
engaged in investigating the
condition
of the Et:glinti rural population, Mr. Mackay
rendered important /services to the
qaestion of Labour
and the Poor, while his vermeil
and successfully turned to oth:r ire spend et pen was
f
lite-
raryl
and political interest. Aft sr theoesoger^eralf settlement 0 tha
corn-law q testion he devoted h' imsslf to the t ,pic of the
euffrage; and his psmntlet upon our system
tinier), with its ausletis of the constitution theof
fr epresen-
of Cammoss, became a text-book with a large class
lass House
ofl?
formers on the questieu of which it treated', and was
repeatedly quoted in the House ot Commons. From
that period Mr. Maelcay determined to devote himself to
political life. He joined thu Reform party, and de-
livered many able speeches at public meetiuge in the
metropolis upon the franchise question. Ile had be-
fore him the hope of ultimately entering Parliament;
but he censentsd for a time to withdraw from home
politico, and to accept from the Lancashire cotton
interest a mission to India to investigate the
possibility of extending
the growth of the plant
in our Eastern possessions. Somewhat more
than tsro years ago ho departed full of hope
and spirit. He died on his passage home. The
subjoined extract from one of our Manchester contem-
poraries rill give additional particulars, besides show-
ing the high character Mr. Mackay had earned for him.
self in the East. Our melancholy task is over when we
again express our heartfelt sorrow at the loss of a highly
promising author, a rising politician, an accomplished
gentleman, and a most amiable man.
(From the Manchester Examiner and Times)
I: is with feelings of deep regret that we announce
the death of Mr. Alexander Mackay, the Indian Com-
missioner, appointed by the Manchester Chamber of
Commerce. Mr. Mackay left this country on the 20th
December, 1850, under the most favourable auspices—
being accredited and recommended to the Chamber
of Commerce of Bombay by the Chambers of Com-
merce of Manchester, Liverpool, and Glasgow,
and carrying with him the fall confidence of
the mercantile glad manufacarring public connected
with the cotton trade. The object of his mission also
received the unanimous approbation of the British press,
and we have reason to know that it was regarded with
good will by the leading members of the Administration.
The main purpose of,his appointment was to ascertain
by an unbiassed but minute investigation on the spot,
the real obstacles which prevent an ample supply of good
cotton being obtained from the East Indies, and the
Causes which impede the extension of our commerce with
that ceuntry. . • . _

The mission was one requiring great industry, intel-
ligence, and sound judgment, on the part of the indi-
vidual selected for the arduous and responsible under-
taking ; and it was peculiarly fortunate for the inte-
rests represented by the body with whom the mission
ttriginated, that they were able to secure the services of
a gentleman so eminently qualified in every respect to
carry out their views. Mr. Mackay 'e inquiry embraced a
multitude of details, all bearing on the main subject of
the mission—such as the means provided by the Indian
Government to promote the internal as well as the ex-
port trade of the country over which they rule—the
nature of the roads by which the produce of the interior
is brought to the coast—the means of intercommunica-
tion between neighbouring districts—the state and
management of docks, piers, quays, &c.—the condition
of the agricultural population, and the circumstances
which tend to stimulate or repress their industry—the
nature of the land tenure, particularly with reference to
the security of the cultivator—the amount and kind• of
taxation, and the mode of levying and connecting it—
all departments of inquiry requiring minute and im-
partial personal observation.
On his arrival, Mr. Mackay was cordially received by
the Bombay Chamber of Commerce, and every facility
afforded to him for the prosecution of his inquiries,
which were continued during the whole of last year,
and the results of which have been from time to time
transmitted home. The iefiuenee of the climate of India,
was, however, too much for a constitution not naturally
robust, and he was compelled to terminate his labours
sooner than he had anticipated, and endeavour to regain
leaving the country. In a letter ad-
hdirsesshaedaltthby
to
the Bombay Chamber of Commerce,
dated Marsh 30th, he mentions his intention of returning
to Eagland, but, at the same time, states that before
disease had disabled him, he had succeeded in traversing
wants, and pros-
the greater portion of the cotton field of the Presidency,
by the aid of re-
and thatiie had from actual observation arrived at im-
portant
he had gathered
itnbethee°gnrdeiatit°lstriet in question,
England.
preor3ttasnotfetohneenlunstitonnnstarasdteo
destined to be
benefitiasi wo
roof Innodti a,
re-
,sewed on
wd
ctdh ahte he
jethh,otpoe
make
,on hisoie returnin formhaet
imo
ne,
,ibut.
death,
oainidthe evening
ccnrrahuecsieve
cton
Iti
of
are t.old that
He left lodic. on the 31
an hourAcpfrihi
beiepcatoimorTs,oua
strength gradually failed until the 15 tb
of wl.ich day he brathed Ili. Ls,,
be auff2red lit le until wii ilia half
and that up to that pried he retained
the fall use ot
his faculties, having, previons to his d. ,
his will and confide I;is papers to the igsoietion, made
passenger, to be transmitted to his b caret of a fellow-
These and other detaiLare his brother in Inverness.
below), addressed by N...
.. 'Tr. Anther
contained in a letter (given
gentleman,
who
was
on Latham, a mercantile
.Bazley, the president ofboard
the the same vessel, to Mr.
With the regret inseparable Chamber of Commerce.
Mr. Mackay is
.wingi,d feeling from
the untimely fate of
main object of his m' 'a of satibfaction that the
1 plished. mission has not been left unaccom-

"At sea, on board the Hon. Company's steamer
Aydalio, April 17, 1852.
—y dear Sir —you will no doubt have heard from
Mr. Alexander Mackay, that his health having seriously
uff
eerteediner of
India be was about to leave the country by
would
strength
gradually
him,
s
the arn the 3d
ins
ht.,oiwnetvhe, was
the hope thatotto be. us
the changie
This,
fsiled, until the evening of the 15th,
when the doctors suppose that an abscess of the
liver
burst into the lungs, already diseased,
and suffocation and consequent death ensued. I
am glad to say that he suffered little until with•
in half an hour of his decease, and until then also re-
tained the fall possession of his faculties. The captain
has confided to mo his papers for delivery to Mr. Thomas
Mackay, of Inverness, whom be has left his sole legatee
and executor, under a will drawn up a few hours before
his death. These I purpose to send by the first steamer
to Messrs. Arbuthnot, "Evart, and Co.; of Liverpool;
and I have suggested to Mr. Mackay that on their arri-
val he should select those of a_private nature, and ar-
range with those of Mr. Mackay's friends on whose
behalf he came out to India as to the disposal of the
remainder.
"Itis at Mr. Mackay's own request, made when all
hope was at an end, that I now address you; and any
further information respecting this sad affair I shall be
most happy to afford you, on your addressing me a line,
to the care of Messrs. Artbuthnot, Evart, and Co.,
where I expect to be about three weeks or a month
hence.—Meantime I am very truly yours,
" ARTHUR LATIUM.
" Thomas Bazley, Esq., Manchester."

GREAT MEN. Bonnet COM'
THEIR MOMENTS OF COMPoSITIO9eI4.--sßower wrote
posed his grand sermons on his kjited;'2,filton, before
his first novels in full dress, scented;
commencing the ipfluenoe of
commencing his great work, invoked the
and studied
the Holy Spirit; Chrysostor.a meditated
of Saint Paul. Bacon
while contemplating a a oF
-aintibis great work, and prayed
knelt down before composing
0 never could compose well
for light from heaven. i_''
gPsome time at the top of his
after playing a prelude on
his " antelentaeular" and
wvoiitcheo.utrutthdaemelsolimmiigeou:bed:r
the organ, or whils in his garden. Saint Bernard
" postprandial 'm' walks_
tabsearosaorldoiefr.batTtlaessino
wroteh
i s
his ears;
editauons amidst the woods, Camoens
composed
poet
Portuguese . .
form the
finest pioe pike lucid intervals of madness; Rousseau
his w early in the morning; Le Sage, at mid-
at midnight. Ilardouin rose at tour in the
coposed hits verses. withw
Idvl;t:el3sl°ann'd wrote till late at night. La Fontaine
ID o rr 1 i a g .
wrote hid Fables chiefly under the shade of a tree. Pas-
cal wrote most of his Thoughts on little scraps of paper,
‘t his by-moment,.:. Luther, when studying, always had
his dog lying at his feet. Calvin studied in his bed.
Racine composed his verses while walking about, reciting
them in a loud wiice.—Eliza Cook's Journal.

The convict William Baldry, who was left for
execution at the recent Suffolk assizes, for attempting to
murder his wife by means of administering arsenic, has been
reprieved during her Majesty's
pleasure. He w4l be sent to
some penal settlement for the remainder of his years.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.

ROUSE OF COMMONS, May 5.
(Continued from our Afternoon Edition of yesterday.)
TENANT RIGHT (IRELAND) BILL.—AD-
- JkOURNED DEBATE.
On the reading of the order of the day for the resump-
tion of this debate,
Mr. CONOLLY said that he felt that he was justified
in taking the course which he had pursued on a former
occasion, as in his opinion the House was then
about to divide on this Bill on a false issue.
The Bill in his opinion was nothing more than
a system of compulsory valuation, without giving
the landlord any security er his rights.
Certainly the word compensation was used very fre-
quently in the Bill, but the system of arbitration, by
which a fair compensation was to be arrived at, was
imperfect and never could be worked satisfactorily. He
could scarcely believe that Hon. Gentlemen opposite
wished to carry this Bill, for he could not insult their
common sense so far as to suppose that they would have
introduced such a Bill had they wished to have it car-
ried. It embodied a principle which was opposed to the
practise of England, and he thought of Ireland too. He
had not only been an advocate of compensation for im-
provement, but he had acted upon it, and he thought he
had some right to speak on the subject.—(Hear.) This
Bill was introduced to keep up the cry in Ireland, not
to settle the question between landlord and tenant, but
to unsettle it. This was a course which was, not honest
by those who advocated tenant right, not honest by
this House, and not even by the supporters of this Bill.
He would go on now to point out what tenant-right
really was. The tenant had a perfect right to sell his
improvements to any one whom the landlord might ap-
point. Tenant right did not depend upon tenure at all,
for the tenant at rill had jest as many rights as the
tenant at lease; and he was at perfect liberty, if
he so thought fit, to sell his improvements
to the irceming tenant. Tenant right, how-
er, differed under different circumstances; for
fEstance, tenant right on one estate might extend to
twenty years' purchase, while in the
earsadjoining estlt de-
ate it
might not reach to moretthan two y' purchase.
pended upon the feelings and situation of the landlord
whether tenant right was high or low. Tenant right
was nothing less than the good will of the tenant, and
when the tenant bad the confidence of his landlord it
ranged very high, as indeed was the case in the north
of Ireland. And yet the supporters of this Bill came
forward to abase tne landlords of Ulster.—(Hear, hear.)
Tenant right was nothing less than one of mutual confi-
dence between the landlord and tenant, and it wee im-
possible to deal with it by legislative enactments. On
tine contrary, a system of legislation proposed by the
Dm would undermine such confidence, and he appealed
to Irish Members, as their countryman, to pause before
they adep ed this Bill. Ia not doing so they would not only
be Benne injudiciously, but iiActing a great injustice
upon the Isndsd interest of Irelend, and lie hoped the
kiouse would not consent to interfere with the system of
tenant right that at present prevailed in Ireland, which
be was happy to say wes the result of a long continu-
ance of peace. This Bill, in fact. would increase the
civil and religious descend which reigned in the north
of Ireland, for the sake of promoting some paltry elec-
tienfering scheme nr other. The material interest and
the prosperi'y of Ireland xe Tilted that this Bill should
be thrown our, and ho should give it his most deter-
mined epp en—(Hear.)
Mr. MONSELL was not dieposel to underrate the
imprtauce of th,s, question, and he for one did not
regret that the debate had been adjourned. The tenant
right which the last spealt.-1. h •.d referred to prevailed
in Ulster, and there great prosperity existed, but the
same confi lence or prosperity was not to be found else-
where, and heeee arose the neeeesity for a Bill of this
nature.—(Elean h fie was by no means anxious
to see a system of compulsory compensation established,
but no such sptem was involved in this Bill; and he
was, therefore, at a loss to node-sten:l why it should
be opposed on that ground.—(Hear, hear.) He would,
if the House would permit him, cell attention to
the urgency of this ea te. The existint law relating
to land in Ireland had worked badly in all times
and under all circumstances, as would be found by a re-
ference to the writings et Dean Sr i't, Arthur Young,
Lord Clara, and other writers, who had cemmented upon
the social condition of the tenant-farmers of Ireland.
—(Hear, hear.) M et ef the crimes and evils
w 'etch Ireland had suffered from might be traced to
some dispute about the occupwion or letting of land, and
therefore the inference appeared t hnn to he obvious
that the system ought to be altfaro.l, the House
thought it was the disposition of to ; ele, and not the
defective state of th,: law, tha-, ti ,; the cause of
all their miseries.—(Hear, hear) He, howevee,
cold see nothing in the Irish character to Mace the
former belief, for directly the Irishman got out of his
own country ho became an enterprising man, and emi-
nently industrious and contented.—(Hear, hear.) All
authorities concurred in this opinion, and if they could be
consilted he had no doubt that they would agree with,
him that to make the Irishman as estimable
in his own country, they mast confer upon him the ad-
vantages of the principle contained in this Bill.—(Hear,
hear.) In theory the existing Irish system was the same
BS that which prevailed in England, but the mistortune
was, that it, Ireland it was not put into practice,
and all he wanted was that the same practical
privileges should be coseeded to the Irish tenant-
farmer that were enjoyed by the English tenant-farmer.
—(Hear, hear.) In England and in France no landlord
could eject any tenant without compensating him for the
improvements; and the same system prevailed if .Den-
mark, Massachusetts, a new country, and several
European States, and he was at a loss to understand
why he same principle could not be enforced for Ireland
ley legislative enactment.—(Hear, hear.)
Lord NA AS was anxious to offer a very few observa-
tions upon this very important questiun before the
Home came to a decision.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.")
He admitted- that the principle of compensation was,
to some extent, to be found in this Bill, but it 1
was introduced as a peg to hang upon certain other
principles of an exceedingly dangerous character.—
(Hear, hear.) The principal feature of this Bill was not
compensation, but it was that part of it which would
hereafter, if it was carried, force the landlord to submit
his rents to the arbitration of a body of tenants.—(Hear.)
Now, he for one, nev, r could consent to any such prin-
ciple of law; it existed in no country on the face of the
globe, that he was acquainted with; and as it was totally
at variance with the rights of property, he mutt call
upon the House to reject the Bill.—(Hear, hear.)
Compensation, he repeated, was not, in fact,
the leading principle of this Bill.—(Hear, hear.)
The Bill introduced by the Hon. Member same years
ago was only part of the present Bill. The present
Bill was adapted to embody the Tenant League in Ire-
land, whose principles the Noble Lord considered
to be as dangerous as the wildest ones
advanced during the storms of the French
revolution. In the year 1551 a speech was made by a
reverend gentleman in Ireland, in which an opinion was
advanced that when a landlord failed to perform
his duty he ought to be removed. Another
reverend gentleman had stated that landlords
were only tolerated for the benefit of the
People, and when they were found net to be beneficial
they should be removed. The Noble Lord had many
other proofs that the principle of this Bill was to deprive
the landlord of all power.—{" No," from the Opposition.)
,43 1_ t was recited that a tenant should not Le evicted unless
received compensation or was allowed to sell his in-
terest to a solvent Mcnant • but that was the custom of the
country new, and the Bill'proposed to make that compul-
sory which hitherto was optional on the art of the land-
first
lord. The and second clauses were no thin more than
an embodiute:st of the favourite dogmas or the tenant
league, and of tutl.he
theory of Mr. Rutherford, that the
property landlordgad was the mere land in i-s
barren state,
mkt the tenant's property con-
sisted of all the
additional value which had been
given to it by ewes
the Bill was compulsoryael°ll3' ace. The principle of
and tea ,of rent, which was
novel in legislation,
would did not think a principle so
unjust would ever be entertained byd b
the House.—(Hear,hear.) The effect of the Bill e to
propertypreven t
, land-
lordsand taking any direct interest intheir
to convert them into mere rent chargers.
improvements were made neither th ladlord Whateveru r
his
heirs would derive any benefit from them; therefore
the Bill would shut out the great source of hope for im-
provement in rreln_nd.se_N_ o
_onte no lrtozsuraeverwseas temente;
senteeiern than blal lf, bu
increase the evil than the present
permanent
one. The proviion_s of the Bill would, if
put into operation, husbandry, a direct and
bad effect upon Irish usbanary, and would noon
reduce
the country to a desert. It seemed to him that the
Gentlemen opposite had, entirely overlooked that
large, poor, and most miserable class of the pole
who had borne the brunt of the famine, and were
as much entitled to consideration as the tenant.
farmers, (Hear hear.) No provision
ndust!y;both the made
to enable the labouring man, on whose
tenant and landlord really lived, to have a fair valuation
for his day's work. This, therefore, was an utterly ex.
elusive and selfish measure, designed for the
benefit of one class at the expense of ants_
they. He believed the Bill would never pass;
but he feared
great injury would be inflicted on Ireland
by liGa• Members opposite by continuing the present
agitation, and hoiden
out to tenant-farmers hopes
which the knew eould never be fulfilled.—(Hear,
hear.) Ile appealed to them to pause ere they pro-
ceeded further in raising the expectations of a credulous
anal excit34?e, people.--(Cheers.)
Mr. G. H. MOORE observed that the Noble Lord had
alma, as he-woulti-frenl-ped hot iron, from adverting
to the general principle of the Bill.—(Herr, bear.)
He thought that that no objection to
the details
ought to operate as a bar to the farther progress of the
Bill, because they might easily be amended in Commit-
tendio as to meet the views of the House. Last year
they went into Committee on the Ecclesiastical Titles
Bill, with the perfect foreknowledge that nearly every
word would be amended in Committee. The only ob-
servation made by the Noble Lord as to the principle
applied likewise to the principle of every other Bill.
—(Hear, hear.) He said that our former legislation
on.- the subject consisted of a heterogeneous and
anomalous code of laws, and that the present Bill did
nato reveal, amend, or consolidate any of them; but on
aulta:ubs
of legislation
on which we legislated there was a great
legislation left behind which it was necessary
should Some
The prindoe day
t receive the attention of Parliament.
pro ice of
the feature of the debate on the Bill was the
a comprehteteo-nee.
Attorney -General for Ireland to intro-
duceeßill on tenant right;
confessed the antecedents
of that Learned Gentle-
him to hope for much.
The landlords
of Ireland were aliens in
blood andfeelingoftohtihterap:6l:
deacendant3 convict* country, while the tenants were
The t so wr 'se onPosed each other aliens to the land.
II
lion of each sido none e wore interior t er,
in honour though some por-
rosity, and worth; but they were the victims of, a
c gorn-
ene-
bisSed systeninthat had perverted the
instincts of their

common nature.—(Hear, hear.) All the improvements
which had been effected of late years on the land were
the unaided work of the tenant, but they had been swal-
lowed up in the vortex called property, and the tenant
remained without remuneration for his labour, let
alone compensation for his fences and drainage.—
(Hear.) The fruitfulness of the land, indeed, depended
in a great measure upon the tenant; he did all the work
of the estate, and at length having created a little estate
upon the earth's surface, he finds at the end of a long
and labcrious life the inheritance of his children snatched
from him by his landlord.—(Hear, hear.)
Mr. CONOLLY—What! is he turned out?
Mr. MOORE said—Yes; he was either turned out,
or he was forced to pay an increased rent for the
property which his own hands had rendered fertile.—
(Hear, hear.) As the law stood, a man hired a farm
for twenty-one years, but it gave him no compensation
when he went out for his improvements, nor provided
that he should obtain a renewal of his lease upon
just and equitable terms.—(Hear, hear.) In fact,
the law was made by landlords for the
benefit of themselves, and until the Legislature changed
the system there woald be no hope of peace and prospe-
rity for Ireland.—(Hear, hear.)
Sir W. SOMERVILLE said the last speaker had
carefully avoided both the principle and the details of
the Bill. Now it was absolutely necessary, for the
sake of Ireiand's prosperity, that they should
take a practical view of this question, and
having given it all the consideration be
could he could arrive at no other conclusion than that
it was his duty to resist the second reading.—(Hear,
bear.) He could not agree with its principle, though he
might be disposed to acquiesce in some of its details, and
there was certainly no alternative open to him but to
oppose it. He had taken a part before now in the
endeavours that were being made to settle this question,
and he could assure the House and the country that it
was his anxious desire to see it speedily set at rest. One
of the principal obstacles in the way of its settlement
was this—they were endeavouring to do by Act of Par-
liament whatcould only be accomplished by mutual agree-
ment between the landlord and tenant. This Bill,
like its predecessor, was intended to be retrospective
as well as prospective, and if it it were carried the
effect would be that it would forcibly annul existing
contracts which were recognised, and could, if necessary,
be enforced by the law.—(Hear.) He, therefore,
deprecated both the introduction of the Bill and the
agitation that was being kept up about it out of doors;
but it was said the Bill met with the universal approba-
tion of the tenantry of Ireland.—(llear, hear.) It, how-
ever, did not seek to introduce the tenant right of Ulster
into other parts of Ireland, but wont upon a compulsory
scheme, elaborated in a long series of clauses that con-
tained matter for a lawsuit almost in every line.
Its definition of right on either shie was uncertain and
defec!ive, and if the Bill passed its only effect would be
to give rise to endless disputes between landlord and
tenant, aeul ultimately to react with tenfold force against
the interest of the tenaut —(Hear, hear.) He therefore
hoped the bore would reject the measure, and leave it
far the Government to dispoee in future of this difficult
question.—(Hear, hear.)
Mr. REYNOLDS regretted that the five years which
he had devoted to the office of Chief Secretary for Ire-
-1 and had not enabled the Right Honourable Baronet
to make a more practical speech on the subject of this
important Bill. For his part be did not represent an agri-
cultural constituency, but he knew that a large meeting of
the electors of Dublin had been held, and they had unani-
mously agrez d to petition Parliament in favour of this Bill.
—(Hear, hear.) The Bill bore the indorsements of two
of the most distinguished Irish lawyers, and yet the
Hon. lember for Donegal could find no other compliment
for it than this—it was a mere piece of waste paper;
but he could assure the House that it was no such thing.
—(Seas, hear.) It was a most valuable measure,
1 and in spite of the misrepresentation which had
heen made scout the contents of the Bill he
was convinced the Legislature would think with
him, if they would take the trouble to look carelully into
Ithe matter.—({fear, bear.) The past Watt ry of this
trevion was wrileen in blood; for no outrage which had
occurred in Ireland during the last hundred years
(teed its origin to anything else but disputes about
the tenure of land,—(Eleer.) The principle of this Bill
was noihieg less than this—it secured compensation to
the outgoing tenant for substantial improvements, and
unless the House was prepared to leave this
question unsettled for ever, they wool I take care
to pass the Bill.—(Uaar, hear.) But it was said the
Right Hon. the Attorney-General for Ireland was going
to take the matter up, but, then, what security had he
that the Right Hon. Gentleman would not be raised to
the bench before next session? No man desired to see his
elevation more than he did, but in a question of this
momentous importance there ought to be some guarantee
extorted from the Government that they would be re-
sponsible for the introduction of the Right Honourable
Gentleman's measure before they consented to give up
r this Bill.—(Hear, hear.) The state of affairs
in Ireland was so unsettled that the Bank of
Ireland, which had pow, r to issue seven millions' worth
of paper without having it represented by gold, could
only afford to issue five millions, so dry were the pro-
ductive resources of the country.—(Hour, hear.) This
he believed resulted from the absence of a tenant-right
prevailing all over Ireland ; for, according to the re-
turn of sales in the lecumbered Estates Courts, fewer
sales had proceeded from Ulster, where, there was a
tenant-right, than from any other part of Ireland.
In fact, the majority of the sales proceeded from places
where there was no such thing as tenant-right, and he
thought this was a pretty conclusive proof that that
part of the country was the best off which enjoyed
tenant-right.—(Hear, hear.) Well, then, ought
not that fact to make them pause before they consented
throw out this Bill and plunge Ireland into an endless
slid painful agitation?--(ffedr, bear.)
Lord CLAUDE HAMILTON said the supporters of
this Bill had not a leg to stand on, when argument
and not declamation was brought to bear upon the
question.—(Hear.) The Bill was advocated for no other
but electioneering purposes; and he hoped the House
would not allow itself to be led away by the declamatory
matter which had been inspirited into this discussion.
The most dangerous and revolutionary principles were
involved in the Bill, which would inflict great injustice
upon the poor labourers and cottiers in the country. He
candidly confessed that he did not think so un-
constitutional, barbarous, and unjust a measure
emanated from the Hon. Member for Rochdale.
It was a mass of inchoate legislation, which would peril
the rights of property and the fruits of industry. The
real author of the Bill was not the Hon. Member, but
the Rev. Mr. Rutherford.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.")
It was impossible to disguise the fact that the
real object cf the measure was to rob the landlord and
to spoliate the rights of the cottier and the labourer.
He had watched the unprincipled agitation of the Tenant
League, who promoted the Bill, and he declared it to be
only a recipe of the old repeal agitation, the same dema-
gogues and the same tactics for procuring money being
adopted in the one as in the other.—(Divide.)
Mr. Rutherford said 'he only recognised the
right of landlords as consisting of land in
its wilderness state, and he advised the tenantry to
combine and strike, observing that if they did so the
landlords would soon have to enter the poor-house.—
(Divide.) He invited the House to reject the Bill,
which he characterised as an insult to Ireland.
Mr. NAPIER said, as an independent Member of the
House ho had devoted his attention for two years to this
important question with the view of producing a good
landlord and tenant cede, which he believed was essen-
tially connected with the well-being of Ireland. He had
now three draft Bills prepared—the first consolidating
about 70 old statutes, the second containing a classifica-
tion of leasing powers, and the third with regard to com-
pensation. They were at present under the consideration
cf the Government, but it was apparent they could not
be calmly and dispassioßately discussed during the pre-
sent session. In proposing them he had no intention
whatever of using them for election purposes. It was
his ambition, before he retired from the House, to pass
as perfect and as just a law for regulating the relations
of landlord and tenant as it was possible to devise.
Mr. S. CR A.WFORD replied, and the House di-
vided, when there appeared—
For the second reading
Against it ...
Majority ..•
Tho House then adjourned.

... ... 57

... 167
... ••

ID
•.•

LIGHTS to be CARRIED by SEA-GOING
VESSELS to PRE TENT COLLISION.

(From the London Gazette of Tuesday.)
By the Commissioners for executing the Office of Lord
High Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Bri-

tam and Ireland, &c.
By virtue of the power and authority vested in us by
the Act 14 and 15 Victoria, cap. 79, dated 7th August,
1851, we hereby require and direct that the following
regulations be strictly observed:—

STEAM-VESSELS.
All British sea-going steam-vessels (whether pro-
pelled by paddles or screws), shall within all seas, gulfs,
channels, straits, :bays, creeks, roads, roadsteads, har-
bours, havens, ports, and rivers, and under all circum-
stances, between sunset and sunrise, exhibit lights of
Such discription, and in such manner, as hereinafter
mentioned, viz.

A bright
white light at the foremast head.
A green light on the starboard side.
A red light
of at least five miles 1. The m9413;11 the port side.
sleds i
n lightad a
rill, tnoi
gbhot
,vwi siitbhl oaactleaardistance
of at least five miles in a dark night, with a clear atmos-
and the lantern
a uniform and unbroiteins
lt
iog
hb
te
os
roe cr oanns tar
race toefd t
ha an thoo
rs
ihzoown
of 20 points of the compass, being ten points on each
side of the ship, viz,
th ferrom right ahead to two points
abaft the beam on e
2. Thesreen light on ttdeet.starboard side is to be visi-
erea.statwo miles in a dark night,
at le
bwithle a t a a
clear distance__o_f
_.
constructed aiToussfionw
,:unhfd the lantern is to be so
oflto:to and unbroken light
over an arc of the horizonten points of the compass,
viz, from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on
sliideh
.t on the port side is likewise to be
starboard
g
thea ,he red
fitted so as to throw its light the same distance on that
side.
4. The side lights are moreover to be fitted with
screens, o ong
n the iuboard side, of at least three feet l
to prevent the lights from being seen across the boiv-,
WHEN' AT ANCHOR—A common bright light.
SAILING IiR96ELB.

We hereby requirethat all sailing vessels when under
sail, or being towed, approaching or being approached
by any other vessel, shall be bound to snow between
sunset and sunriae a bright light in such a position as
can b best seen by such vessel or vessels, and in esuffi-
cient time to
yaevsosicd,l,cuali''i°l
Ail sailing anchor in roadsteads or fairways
shall be alto bound to exhibit between sunset and suL.
rise a constant bright light at the mast-head, except
harbours or other places where regulations for
other lights for ships are legally established.

a Ausrazia.
4 I ..; Dividend
Names of 2 ; Divilend' Names of 2,'
Companies. A - per Price. Cerapanies.
.1 Anpneurne. Price'
, m I Annum. 11 ec
---....--f _ —.— ....1••••
1 I i XI
Sshtn& Oldh
Ip.
98 71. CL 140 'Macclesfield • 100 21.105. ' 50
Barnsley •• • • 160
_.Neath ••• • • • 100 , 161.
Rrknk&Abrg 150' 5l. 55 Oxford.. •• • • 1001 131. 185
Birmingham 40' 41. 100% Peak Forest. 7813/, 18s. 70
Coventry.... 1001 251. 200 Regent's .... 33 i 11. 3s. 16
Derby ••• • • 1001 61. 63 Rochdale.... g 5 I 21. 42
Ellsrare&Chs ,692% p. ct. 33% Semrset Coal 1501
GrandJunctnlloo 31. pr. ct. 48% Do.LkFdSt 121
IDo., 6 pr. Ct. ilO 6/. pr. ct. 11% Stffrel &Wore 140 281. 405
Grand Surreylloo 21. Os. 32% Shrewsbury.. 125
Grand Union 100 11. 10s. 24 Stourbridge— 145 201. 290
Kenntlk Ayn '39 4s. Od. 5% Severn and 1
Lancaster .11001 Wye Rail. t 26 91.01. 24
Leeds&Linp 1001 201. 455 Warwick& 1
Leicester 1001 51. 66 Rirming. j 100 41. 40
Leicstr &Nth B3 41. 44% Warwick&l too 31. 28
Loughborogh ' 142 701. 510 Napton..
Monmonthsh 100 Worcstr & 1
Mntgemrysk 100 j Birming. j7B 31. 33
MeltnMwbry 100 Wilts & Brks ils. 6d. 7 k

GAS-LIGHT AND COHN COMPANIES.
Dividend ; Amount
Name of Company. per I of Paid. Price,
Annum. I Share.
------- -____ -...•
X. s. d. X. s. d.
British •••••••• • • •• • • 11. 40 0 0 18 0 0 10%
Ditto Provincial .• •• IL Bs. 20 0 0 20 0 0 1834
Brighton ••••- • • • • - 51. 20 0 0 - 16
City of London .. •• •. 61. 100 0 0 150 0 0 125
Continental Consolldat. 50s. 75 0 0 31 5 0 -
Equitable.. .••••• • • •• 505. 50 0 0 50 0 0 27
Great Central'• ••• •• • bl 0 0 0 10 0 0 13
Imperial ...... •••• • • 31. 8:-. bonus. 50 0 0 50 0 0 70
Independent ....... • • 61. 40 0 0 40 0 0 46
London. •....•• • • - • • - 50 0 0 50 0 0 -
Do., Parl. Preference 61. 25 0 0 710 0 -
Phanix . ............ 3il. per cent. 60 0 0 49 0 0 26%
Ratcliff .... . ...... • . 51. 100 0 0 90 0 0 -
United General .... .. 11. 50 0 0 50 0 0 20%
Westsainster Chartered 51. per cent, 50 0 0 , - 39%
Ditto, New ........ 51. per cent. 50 0 0 1 10 0 0 734
3..T.Sa` OP SCOTTISH COMPANIES' PRICES
Dividend Amount
Name of Company. per of Paid. Price.
Annum. Share.
X s. d. X s. d
Bank of Scotland
British Linen Company 81. per cent. 100 0 0 100 0 0 202
Caledonian Bank ••. • • RI. per sent. 10 0 0 210 0 3/.lls.
City ofGle.sgow Bank Ql. per cent. 10 0 0 10 0 0 10%
Clydesdale Bank-. 634 per cent. 20 0 0 10 0 0 121 3s
Commercial Bank •• •• 71. per cent. 500 0 0 100 0 0 1803{r
Eastern Bank.. •.•• •• 6/. per cent. 25 0 0 10 0 0 10
Edinb.SGCßaegow Bank 31. per cent. 50 0 50 0 3%
Exehangeßnk of Scot.. - 100 0 0 38 0 0 4%
National Bank . 634 per cent. 50 0 0 10 0 0 153
Northof Scotlandßank 51. per cent. 20 0 0 210 0 27,,
Royalßank of Scotland 51. per cent. 100 0 0 ' 100 0 0 132%
Ignionßank of Scotland 81. per cent. 100 0 0 50 0 0 8934
Western Bank - ••• •• • 71. per cent. 50 0 0 50 0 0 6934
Affiance Fire and Life a% /.pr cent. 10 0 0 10 0 0 2136
British Guarantee .... 41. per cent. 10 0 0 1 0 0 17s 6d
Caledonian Fire Insur. 101. per cent. 100 0 0 10 0 0 25
City of Glasgow Life.. 61, per cent. 25 0 0 2 0 0 di. Is
Colonial Life ........ 5/. per cent. 50 0 0 10 0 2%
Edinburgh Life Insur. 61. per cent. 100 0 0 15 0 0 22
Eng.& Scot, Law Life 51. per cent. 50 0 0 217 6 3%
Life Assoc. of Scotland 6/. per cent. 10 0 0 110 0 ,31. 155
National Fire and Life 51. per cent. 10 0 0 1 0 0 288.6 d
North British Insur. - 61. per cent. 200 0 0 20 0 0 J 3134
Scottish Union Insrnce. 1341. Pr cent. 20 0 0 1 0 0 302.0 d
Standard Life •• •• - - 51. per cent. 50 0 0 7 0 0 1234
United Dep.Assurance 51. per cent. 10 0 0 I 0 0 20s Od
MISCELLANEOUS.
Dividend Amount
Name of Company. per of Paid. Price.
Annum. Share.
--.--.
-...--
-----
X. a. d. X. a. d.
Assam Tea .•.. • • .... - 20 0 0 20 0 0 93,',
Auctien Mart •..• • . • • 2/. 58. 50 0 0 - 26
Australian Agriculttirl 11. 100 0 0 35 0 0 1634
Australian Trust •• • • 61. per cent. - 35 0 0 21
Lngio-Mexican Mint.. 11. 10s. 10 0 0 10 0 0 23%
Ditto, Half Shares.. - - 210 0 -
British American Land - - 38 10 0 -
Canada .. •••••• • • • •• 81. per cent. 100 0 0 32 10 0 50
Do. 5 per cent Bonds - - -.-
Ditto, 6pr ct. Bonds CI. percent. - - I 11%
City Navigation Bonds 31 per cent. - - 9334
Gen.ltevers. &Invest. 5 p.c.gcbs,2/ 100 0 0 .100 0 0 94%
Equitable Beversienry Si pr. cent. 100 0 0 100 0 0 119
Ditto New .••• • • • • - 50 0.0 710 0 -
Geß.stearnNavigation 10 p. et. 15 0 0 14 0 0 29
Hudson's Bay.. . • • • . • - Stock. - 206
Ilounndgoenrfionrdst
21. ss. - 100 0 0 47
- - 78 15 0 5
LondoNew Zealand Company - 25 0025 0 0 -
n
Institution . • . .
-
Ditto. New •••• • • " - 25 0 0 12 10 0
Russell Institution •• •• - - 26 5 0 -
PeninslrEc Ori t
c.Stbs. 50 0 0 '5O 0 0 81
ent.S M.
41. p. share.
Royal Mail Steain • • • •
Reversionary Int. Soc. 4341. prcent. 110000
00 00
r 1
25 0 0 2434
6000
00 00 17054
- 100 0 . 20 0 Os -
1 11. per share. 25 0 0 1
Boothan p _lke un
as
at rna 11, 0 aLna.
11.
d• •.• :

SHOCKING ACCIDENT. -- On Monday afternoon,
Mr. Gibbons, the head gardener at the Peel-park, Salford,
lost his life while attempting to save that of a woman who
had foolishly plunged into the river Irwell, which forms one
bounday of the park. Mr. Gibbons heard a cry raised that
some one was in the water, and, rushing to the . bank, he
leaped in where the depth of water was about eight feet.
The woman was saved by seizing the hook of a stick held
out to her, but Mr. Gibbons was carried into the middle of
the stream, beyond the reach of assistance, and he sank.
The body was not recovered for half an hour, and all means
for resuscitation were then unavailing.
GALLANT CONDUCT REWARDED.-The Prince Pre-
sident of the French Republic has been pleased to award to
John Lewis and William Lewis, masters of the Aurora s In-
crease and Tryal, of Harwich, gold medals, and to John
Fallagar and Francis Monk, mates of the above vessels, silver
medals, for their exertions in rescuing and saving the lives
of the crew of the French brig Etoile de la Mer, recently
wrecked on the Long Sand, on this coast. The crews of the
above vessels have been previously, awarded, by the com-
mand of the Prince President, 350 francs, for risking their
lives on this laudable occasion.—lpswich EapreSs•