The Sun.
London, England, 1864-11-23 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, INOVLAIBER 23, 1864.

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:lIIE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN
AMERICA.

(From the Times' Correspondent.)
NEW YORK, Nov. 8.

The eventful day that is to decide the fate of
America for the next four years, and possibly for all
coming time, dawned gray and misty. A thick
vapour covered land and sea, and concealed from the
sight of the spectator every object more than 50
yards distant. As the day wore on the gloom in.
creased, and by 9 o'clock was accompanied by such
a heavy fall of rain as is seldom to be seen in our
showery England, but which ever and anon bursts
upon the Atlantic shores of this continent with the
force and continuity of a miniature deluge. Every
one predicted a " slim" vote as likely to be the re-
sult ; but before noon the rain abated, though the
fog did not clear away, and the people turned out
to the polling places in numbers as large as at any
previous election, or, as some old inhabitants say,
much larger. No troops were to be seen in the streets,
but it was notified in most of the journals that fully
10,000 men were posted in convenient localities,
some in steam ferry boats anchored in the East River
and the Hudson, and some in the neighbouring
cities of Brooklyn and Jersey, ready to act at five
minutes' notice in case of riot. Gunboats were also
stationed in both rivers. Except the report of the
capture of the Confederate war steamer Florida off
the coast of Brazil a month ago there was scarcely
even the whisper of a Federal victory, though so
many had been predicted as certain to happen on or
before to-day to raise the spirits of Mr Lincoln's
friends to the fever point of enthusiasm. This dis-
appointment tended to throw a moral damp upon
the Republican party as cold as that physical one
which impartial nature, in the shape of mist and
rain, had thrown upon the just and the unjust, the
peaceable and the warlike. The only fact, or sem-
blance of a ft ct which seemed in any degree to
warm the hearts of the Line alnites with hope and
joy, and to animate the M'Clellanites with the
more fervid sentiments of hate and indignation,
was the arrival of General Butler, and the noti-
fication under his own hand, that he had by direction
of the President and to meet a special emergency
assumed military command of the State of New
York. Nor did it tend to increase the equanimity
of the Democratic party to learn that so early as
Saturday, 30 hours or more before any official an-
nouncement had been made either of his presence or
his functions in this city, the General should have
ordered the attendance at his headquarters of Mr
Gilbert Dean, an eminent lawyer of this city, to
explain some passages in a speech which he had re-
cently made in support of Gen. M'Clellan, By what
right, it was asked, did the General summon to
wait upon him a gentleman with whom he was not
personally acquainted, and whom, if he wanted to
see, he could have found at his house or place of
business? But the official announcement of yester-
day morning was a sufficient reply to that question,
and the loyal leaguers, the contractors, the esters
minators, the negrophilists, the war Christians, and
the friends of the Administration generally were
loud in their expressions of joy that, to some one
more resolute and unscrupulous than the respectable
and gentlemanly, not to say polished and aristocra-
tic Gen. Dix, had been deputed the task of over-
awing the traitors and Copperheads, the Secession-
ists and Cessationists, who form so large a minority
in this great city. Two or three persons, one of them
a Wall-street broker, suspected of traitorous conspi-
racy with other persons unknown to send up the
premium on gold were invited by the polite and
peremptory aides•de•camp of the General to wait
upon the awful Butler, and explain why they
should not be sent to Fort Lafayette. But in all
these cases the trembling innocents escaped with
a reprimand. General Butler received his visitors
with all courtesy, seat in full military costume at
his writing table, with one loaded revolver on the
right hand and another on the left. In all quarters,
except among the zealots of the Republican party,
a decidedly angry feeling was created, not alone by
the appointment of General Butler, but by the rev•
sons given by himself in his " General Order No. 1,"
why such duties were confided to him. This person
—whose names it is historical truth to say is synony-
mous in America, if not in Europe, with all that is
odious or despotic in the practice of Government,
informed the people of this great State and city,
little accustomed to be hectored and dragooned by
any individual, however high and mighty he may
be or may think himself, " that he had assumed
command of the troops arriving at and about to
arrive in New Yorkto meet existing emergencies.'
In order that he might not be accused of what
every one imagined his real purpose—a design to
overawe the people, this day presenting themselves
peaceably at the polls to tender their votes for Gen.
M'Clellan he explained the " emergencies," which
called for such an evil dens ex machina as himself to
meet and manipulate. They were no other than
"raids alike in quality and object to that made at St.
Alban's." He added that, had not such raids been in
contemplation "there could have been no necessity
for precautionary 'preparations." In other words,
the Federal Government, under pretext that a few
Southern refugees in Canada might take advantage
of the excitement of the Presidential election to
run over into Maine or Vermont, or cross the Lakes
above and below Niagara, to create disturbance or
commit depredations, despatched the tyrant of New
Orleans to this city, and left his division of the
Army of the Potomac to take care of itself while he
guarded the Canadian frontier, five hundred
miles distant from his hod-quarters in Broad-
way. The people of New York were not
so simple-minded as to be deceived by so flimsy a
Proteg, and if at the chose of the polls *day it

should turn cut that Mr. Lincoln, and not General
has the apparent up3jority in New York,
the Democratic party will be put in possession of a
monster grievance,
of which they may be well
trusted to make the most at the fitting opportunity.
General Butler's " Order" was in other respects a
curiosity. It asserted that the "armies of the
United States were ministers of good, not of evil ;"
that they were " the safeguards of constitutional
liberty;" that they could be "a terror to evil-doers
only ;" and that "those who feared them wore
accused by their own consciences." This is the
approved autocratic style—the very formula of
Emperors and Kaisers, and should point out Gen.
Butler as the man born to be the Dictator of the
Commonwealth as
soon as the people shall have
shown by a certain amount of patient acquiescence
in wrong that they are ripe and ready for the
strong hand, the steady will, and the unrelenting
purpose of their destined enslaver. But the most
invidious
Paragraph in " General Orders No. 1."
is that in which the General asserts that fraudulent
voting, which he has been sent to punish, if he
cannot prevent, " is an offence against the peace and
dignity of the United States."
Now, the Federal
Government or the Government of the United States
has nothing whatever to do with elections in any
State, Fraudulent voting is an offence against the
State in which it is committed; the'authOtities of
such State have both the right and power to punish
it; and the Federal authotity and the Federal troops
have no more business to meddle with the local
jurisdication in such a matter than they have to in-
terfere in the domestic affairs of a foreign country.
If there were one thing more than another of which
the framers of the Constitution were pre-eminently
jealous it was of the slightest interference of the
central power with elections. So watchful were they
to prevent even indirect control or influence that
they specially enacted that no Senator or represent.
tative or person holding an office of trust or profit
under the United States should be appointed an
elector. By means of this proviso Gen. Butler is
himself excluded, and could not be chosen an elector
to day to sit in the Electoral College which is to
choose the President unless he resigned his commis-
sion in the army. The Constitution of each State is
equally decisive, and in some of the States even the
State militia cannot be summoned to drill or exer-
cise within a period of ten days preceding a Presi-
dential election lest the purpose of assembling it
should be to intimidate voters. Gen. Butler, how-
ever, favours centralisation, denies the rights of the
States, and manifests in this instance, es in every
other, a revolutionary purpose, not to be turned aside
by such poor impediments as laws and constitutions.

How long the "emergencies" which have brought
this ominous personage to New York are to last
depends wholly upon the results of the election—
results which cannot be positively known, though
they may be surmised, before the departure of the
mail this evening, and which may depend upon the
votes of the Electoral Colleges far more than upon
the numerical majority of the people. If Mr Lin•
coin be elected with a suspicion of unfairness, either
on account of the non-reception:of Democratic votes
in the Border States, of frauds upon the soldiers, or
of intimidation in this or any other State, General
Butler will probably be a fixture in his new com-
mand. If, however, General M'Clellan be elected,
though the war would not be at end, there will be
an end of Gen. Butler as the satrap of New York-
This city will be relieved of a standing provocative
to ill temper, if not to ill behaviour, and America
will probably lose the civil as well as military sex..
vices of the boldest and ablest of the many revolt',
tionists whom the volcanoes of civil strife have ex,
traded from the depths of private or professional
life to the daylight and notoriety of the surface.
Though but little or no importance can now
attach to any of the electioneering speeches made
in behalf of either of the candidates, it may be inte-
resting, in elucidation of the history of this extra•
ordinary time, to describe the character of some of
them, and notably those delivered in favour of Mr
Lincoln. The gentle Charles Sumner, the mild and
decorous Henry Ward Beecher, the modest and re-
tiring Anna Dickenson, and a whole army of lec-
turers and preachers have been busily engaged at
this work for the last week. Although they have
not sounded the praises of Mr Lincoln very loudly,
it' at all, they have done the next best thing in their
power, they have hurled fierce denunciation against
his opponent. Miss Dickenson is above or beneath
criticism, and were she not a type of the kir d of
women whom the American school system pretends
to educate, and launches into the world in utter
ignorance of everything
a woman ought to know,
and with a deep knowledge of everything of which
she ought to be ignorant, might be passed over
without notice. But Messrs Sumner and Ward
Beecher are persons of a higher range of intel-
lect, and neither
man nor woman ought to
be ashamed to listen to teachers so well fitted
by study and turn of mind to instruct and edify
them. But what is the world to think of honest
Mr Sumner, who, in
advocating the claims of Mr
Lincoln to re-election before a large assemblage of
ladies on Saturday
evening condescended to employ
the argument—among many others as bad—that Gen.
M'Clellan's conduct in
the arrest of the Maryland
Legislature in 1861 was not such as to justify any
one in voting for him. "Mr Lincoln," he said, "
people,had
arrested a few but Gen. M'Clellan had done
worse—he had arrested the whole Legislature of the
State of Maryland."
There were some men present
at the meeting, but not one of them had a sufficient
l
ove love of truth and fair play to reply to Mr Sumner
in the spirit of
longed the whole discredit of the arrest of those gene
manliness, that to Mr Lincoln be.
tlemen ; that what Was
done by Gen. M'Clellan was
done in obedience to superior orders ; and that if Mr
Suraner's argument were valid on that account
against Gen. M'Clellan it told with infinitely greater
force against Mr Lincoln. Bat no one moved or
spoke, and the fluent orator gained an easy, but
scarcely an honourable victory. On the same evening
this gentleman, who prior to the war was known as
a peace apostle, a member of the league of Universal
who
declared all war to be a
Brotherhood,wrong: a
sca n ad
scandal,
l mana sin
, and a disgrace, who main-
tained
war was contrary to the
truth
and tha t
theeven
spirit
defensiveirt of
Christianity, but who since
the Federal flag was fired upon at Fort Sumter in
1861 as an Irishman and as
h
as
conquestellbsicaosxapoleon, declared "that
e
the South had no rights under the Constitution ex.
thirsty
t hasy
of been
cept such as they could vindicate on the field of
battle." The ladies waved their handkerchiefs, and
the men rose to their feet with delight at this
sentiment. Mr Sumner, though he was once a
fanatic for peace, and is now a fanatic for war,
appears to have been always, and to be now a die.
Unionist. If the South have no rights except such
as it can gain on the field of battle it must continue
to fight until it become the stronger party, and so
gain its independence, or until the North
it, exterminate the people, and hold it, not as a
political partner to its bosom, but as an enslaved
dependency, to be governed by sword and gun, the
guillotine and the gallows. The man of peace sees
no middle course, and vilifies Gen. M'Clellan only
because he fears that if such a man were President
he might make or listen to an offer of reconciliation.
But Mr Sumner is only a philanthropist who has
mistaken his road, and would rather ruin the world
than that justice should not be done in it after his
own particular fashion. The Rev. Mr Beecher
occupies a different position, and has for a month
belied his religion and desecrated his pulpit by the
violent appeals which he has made to the political
plosions of his congregation every
Sunday evening,
when
he has preached sermons avowedly intended,
and advertised, to favour the pretensions of Mr
Lincoln and to advocate the bitter prosecution of the
war. On Sunday evening last he wound up a pro-
fane sermon—often received with applause, and as
often with laughter—by the emphatic declaration,
" That any man who begged a vote for General
M'Clelian mid the ohlini Democracy, And espeoictlly

if he begged it of a soldier, would stand in no Deed
of a day of judgment, inasmuch as he would he cer,-
tain to go to hell without judge or jury." What do
people deserve who take pleasure in the ministra-
tion of such preachers as thit.

5 O'CLOCK P.M.

I have just time before the close of the mail, via
Boston, to say that the elections have all pissed
over quietly; that the people were more than
usually good-tempered and orderly at the polls;
that they did not afford the slightest pretence for
the interference of the police, much less of the mili-
tary ; and that the Democratic party here claim a
very large majority for M'Clellan and Pendleton.
for Governor Seymour and the Democratic Ticket.
The Republicans did not expect a victory in this
city, which is the stronghold par excellence of the
Democrats ; but they hoped, end still hope, that
the rural vote will be found to be in ft,vour of Mr
Lincoln, and with such a preponderance in num-
bers as to more than neutralise the city vote for
M'Clellan. Rumours of plots in the West, and
especially in Chicago, where several influential
traitors were said to have been arrested, were cur-
rant during the day, but the people were too busy
with voting to pay any heed to them, or to anything
else that appeared in the newspapers, or that was
repeated at places of public resort. Ad idea that
New York, or any other city, will be fired this
evening is universally scouted; but some malignant
partisans of the Administration, while admitting
the decorum of all classes in a tone as if they were
rather sorry than otherwise that there had been no
disturbance, comfort themselves with the reflection
that no thanks are due to the people for results so
creditable, but to General Butler, who awed them
into unwonted good behaviour. The banks have
carried on their business during the day, but there
have been no transactions in the Stock•Dxchange
or in the gold market.