The Sun.
London, England, 1864-12-29 00:00:00

VIII. ERRORS AS TO CHRISTIAN MARRIAGE.

65. It is not admissible, rationally, that Christ has raised
marriage to the dignity of a sacrament. (Let. Apost., Aug.
22, 1852.)
6t3. The sacrament of marriage is only an adjunct of the
contract from which it is separable, and the sacrament itself
only consists in the nuptial benediction. (Id. ibid.)
67. By the law of nature the marriage tie is not indisso-

luble, and in many cases divorce, properly so called, may be
pronounced by the civil authority. (Id. ibid, ; All. " Acer-
bissimum," September 27, 1852.)
68. The church has not the power of pronouncing upon

the impediments to marriage. This belongs to civil sOciety,
which can remove the existing hindrances. (Let. Apost.
' Multiplices inter,' June 10, 1351.)
69. It is only more recently that the church has begun
to pronounce upon invalidating obstacles, availing herself
not of her own right, but of a right borrowed from the civil
power. (Let. Apost. August 22, 1361.)
70. The canons of the Council of Trent, which invoke
anathema against those who deny the church the right of
pronouncing upon invalidating obstacles, are not dogmatic,
and must be considered as emanating from borrowed power.
(Let. Apost., ibid.)
71. The form of the said council, under penalty of nullity,
does not bind in cases where the civil law has appointed
another form, and desires that this new form is to be used
in marriage. (Let., ibid.)
72. Boniface VIII. is the first who declared that the vow
of chastity pronounced at ordination annuls nuptials, (Id.,
ibid.)
73. A civil contract may very well, among Christians,
take the place of true marriage, and it is false either that
the marriage contract between Christians must always be a
sacrament, or that the contract is null if the sacrament does
not exist. (Id. ibid. ; Let. to King of Sardinia, Sept. 9
1852; Ails. Acerbissimum,' Sept. 27, 1852: ' Mullis gra-
vibusque,' Deo. 17, 1360.)
74. Matrimonial or nuptial causes belong by their nature
to civil jurisdiction. (Let. Aposb, Aug. 22, 1851;

Acerbissimuw,' Sept, 27, 1852.)
N.B. Two other errors are still current upon the aboli-
tion of the celibacy of priests, and the preference due to the
state of marriage over that of virginity. These have been
refuted, the first in Encyc. ' Qui pluribus,' Nov. 9, 1846 ;
the second in Let. Apost. Multiplices inter,' June 10, 1851.
Ix. ERRORS REGARDING THE CIVIL POWER OF TYE
SOVEREIGN PONTIFF,

75. The children of the Christian and catholic church
are not agreed upon the compatibility of the temporal with
the spiritual power. (Let. Apost., Aug. 22, 1852.)
76. The cessation of the temporal power upon which the
apostolic see is based would contribute to the happiness and
liberty of the church. (All. Quibus quantisque,' April 20,
1849.)

N.B.—Besides these et rors, explicitly pointed out, still
more, and those numerous, are rebuked by the certain doc-
trine which all catholics are bound to respect touching the
civil government of the Sovereign Pontiff. These docrines
are abundantly explained in Ails. Quantis quantumque,'
April 20, 1859, and ' Si semper antea,' May 20, 1850 ; Let.
Apost. ' Quum Catholica Ecclesia,' March 26, 1860 ; Ails.
' Noyes.' Sept, 28, 1860 ; Jamdudum,' March 18, 1861;
and ' Maxima quidem,' June 9, 1862.

I. ERRORS REFERRING TO MODERN LIBERAI
77. In the present day it is no longer necessary that the
catholic religion shall be held as the only religion of the
State, to the exclusion of all other modes of worship.
Nemo vestrum,' July 26, 1855.)
78. Whence it has been wisely provided by the law, in
some countries called catholic, that emigrants shall enjoy
the free exercise of thtir own worship. (All. ' Acerbis-
simum,' Sept. 27, 1852.)
79. But it is false that the civil liberty of every mode or
worship, and the full power given to all of overtly and pub,
Holy displaying their opinions and their thoughts, conduce
more easily to corrupt the moral and minds of the people
and to the propagation of the evil of indifference, (All.
Nunquam fore,' Dec. 15, 1856 )

SO. The Roman Pontiff can and ought to reconcile him-
melf to and agree with progress, liberalism, and modern c'vi-
lisation, (All. " Jarodudum cernimus,' March 18,1861.)

Advices from Sweden also announce the failure
at Stockholm of Messrs J. Holm and Co., general
merchants, with liabilities estimated at about
£200,000, and the embarrassment of the Tanto
Sugar Refining Company, also of the same city.