The Sun.
London, England, 1863-07-10 00:00:00

THE INSURRECTION IN POLAND,

(From the limes' Correspondent.)

BRODY, July 4.
The preparations made for the 7 or 8 hones' fight-
ing which took place last Wednesday before Radzi-
wilow had occupied the Poles ever since the end of
March. Some of the insurgents who were present
had had considerable trouble in getting to Cracow,
and found it still more difficult to continue their
journey to Lemberg, while the general advance
from Lemberg to Brody (on the Volhynian frontier)
was made on a system of zigzag approaches almost
after the model of siege operations. Lemberg was
so full of ineurgeuts a month ago that a
scenes from
was
opened for their special benefit, when
Mcz -ppa" were performed for the instruction andm
amusement of men who were themselves bound for
the Ukraine, but who never, I may add, had the
etnallest chance of getting there. As the Ruthenian
peasants around Lemberg were known to be even
worse disposed towards " the roles" than the Polish
peasants of Western Galicia, all sorts of precau
tions had to be taken in bringing the insurgents
nearer and nearer to the frontier. Every country
house between Lemberg and Brody, for many
miles on each side of the main road, has served
as a halting-place, and many proprietors have had
20, 30, and in one instance that I know of as many
as 100 insurgents staying in and about their houses
and grounds for periods varying from three days to
two months. It is not from any want of kindness
on the part of their entertainers that soldiers of the
national army in concealment are sometimes put to
sleep in trees. If the word " revision" is whispered
in the morning or afternoon everyone is on the look-
out for the soldiers in the evening, and as soon as
they make their appearance on one side the objects
of their search disappear on the other. If when the
household retire to rest the revision has not taken
place there is nothing for the insurgent guests to do
bat to take to the woods, by which every manor-
house in Eastern Galicia is surrounded.
One wretched night, when a general revision was
expected in a certain district, and all the hiding-
places were full, I went with a poor fellow who was
destined to fall in Wysocki's affair before Radziwi-
low to half a dozen houses, each a mile or two apart,
before he could find a place to sleep in or shelter of
any kind from the terrible storm which was raging
outside. Such trouble as this enthusiastic young
man took to get shot through the heart—in a glo-
rious cause, no doubt, but in a somewhat inglorious
battle—can scarcely be imagined, and is worth de-
scribing. Stanislas Gliszainski, an officer on Gen.
Wysocki's staff, as I mentioned in my last letter,
was actively employed in bringing up and placing
the companies of tirailleurs, until, after having had
two horses shot under him, he was struck down
by almost the last bullet that was fired. Stanislas
Gliezainski four months ago was a pupil of the ar-
tillery school of Metz, where he had just com-
pleted his military studies when the Polish insur-
rection first began to assume an important
character. He was acquainted with Langiewicz, was
an intimate friend of Padlewski, and as he had only
entered the Academy of Metz (where, as a special
favour, a certain number of Poles can gain admit-
ance) in order to qualify himself for serving his
country in an efficient manner, he thought at the
beginning of March that the time had arrived, and
hastened to Cracow to place himself at the disposi-
tion of the Central National Committee. He was
anxious to fight in his own part of the country—thee
is to say, in the province of Kalisch, where he had
an estate, but being appointed to the Volhynian ex-
pedition (or rather the Galician expedition to Vol-
hynia), he started soon after Langiewicz's disaster
for Lemberg, where he was arrested as be stepped
out of the train. He had committed no illegal act,
even in a technical sense, and his passport was in
proper order, but there may have been something
about his look which the Austrian authorities did
not like (on his side he certainly did not like them),
and the result was that he was thrown, nnaccused,
into a damp cell, and left there without society,
without books, and without exercise, until he be-
came seriously ill. in fact he never recovered from
his prison illness. He was in great pain when he
started for the camp, and asked for some soothing
medicine to be brooght on to him, little thinking
that before it could reach him he would receive from
the Russians that which would quiet him for aver.
He told me that during his confinement at Lem-
berg, when he asked for a book the gaoler gave him
a volume of sermons, of the kind which men may
be forced to listen to but cannot read. He was also
offered a child's story-book. His application for a
Bible, several times repeated, was met by a positive
refusal, and indeed the sacred writings inculcate the
virtue of patriotism in too many places to allow of
their being placed with advantage in the Lands of a
Pole. At the end of April Gliszainski, after hav-
ing been subjected to manyunavailing interrogations
was ordered to be removed to Olmutz. At Oderberg,
however, where the Cracow-Vienna Railway
branches off into Moravia, he ran out of the station,
was fired upon by the guard, but was not bit, and
succeeded
uin escaping into the woods, where he
passed the first of many similar nights. Ac day-
break he went into the hut of a Moravian peasant,
and made a hopeless attempt to explain to the poor
man who the Poles were, why they were fighting
the Russians, and why in particular he, Gliszainski,
was afraid of falling into the hands of the police. At
first all the peasant could understand was that a
hungry and wild-looking man, without a farthing
of money (Gliszainski's purse had been taken charge
of by the prison authorities), and, by his own con-
fession, an escaped prisoner, bed come out of the
forest and wanted assistance. At last, however, he
understood that he had to deal with an honest man
in distress. A Polish peasant would have sold his
countryman to the Government ; the Moravian
brought out food, and sent for a functionary who
he had heard was a Pole, and who turned out (likbe
nearly all the Poles who can read and write) tonic
also a good patriot. Ultimately Gliszainski, neu
without a passport, and under a false name,et
t luggage
with a false residence-card, contrived
Cracow, and thence to Lemberg
on to
train. From Lemberg he moved ifnorwabiairnd from
house to house, one proprietor sendineg
found
another, until about three weeks
myself in the same place with
Volhynian
atgo nlyfreantfieewr.
miles' distance from the
on his activity;
During the battle he regained
and at the close of
the fire seemed to do him d;
goods and
distributed in all
the action, when the skirtmgniofs
very irregular line
perfectly. well, and
sorts of positions in front
of wood, were called in be was
Almost the last ball that
had not been touched.
was fired carried off one of the best officers and one
of the most amiable and
accomplished men that the
Polish army possessed. _
omogai ski, the Chief of
the Staff,
more properly
his speaking, of the service
of aides-d horse and raised the
or, got o
from the ground ; and he h
dying man had scarcely
anted again when he was himself Wounded (for
711; tb;rd time) in the leg. I
had no idea that Glis-
zainski had been in the least hurt until
stretched out dead in
s`se hospital I saw him
th
at Brody, and I
could not help thinking as I looked at his lifeless
body that he might have been
purpose than to serve as a pat to some better
sort of political target to
the Russians, Whom the pol
of conqueritg izt the es had no more chance
and the Ukraine than r ovince:3 of Volhynia, Podolia,
of
conquering England, the Normans of France have
Normandy., lin or the English of conquer-
inganot speaking of rights, but
only of a matter of
Galician fact. The Russians will call the
expedition an invasion of brigands. It
was an invasion of patriots ; but of so hopeless a
character that one may question, not the prudence
(for as to that
there can be ne question), but the
propriety, in a moral point of view, havi
ng
organised
of
orgauised and sent it. forth. There certainly is a
point at which insurrection becomes something
more horrible than madness and something more
pitiable them folly, and it seems to me that this point
is reached when a few handfuls of untrained men
are encouraged to march against a strong army, in
immense provinces, where the vast majority of the
inhabitants are bitterly hostile to the cause the as-
sailants wish to assert and defend. Indeed, in such a
case as this attack upon the governing power in the
Polish provinces of the southe•ast I do not set how
the word " insurgent" can.with any justice be usede
at all ; for in Volhynia, Podolia, and the Mat
there has been no insurrection, but only alight

disturbances, follo wed. by hideous massacres com-
mitted by the barb arous upon the civilised portion
of the population. Had it been possible for the
three detachments of t', he combined expedition to
execute a sudden, simultaneous attack upon Rad-
ziwilow, the town, whivili does not appear to have
contained more than 1,000, or at the utmost 1,200
troops, might have been taken, as any German
town near Galicia might have been taken under
similar circumstances. But Radziwilow could not
have been held, and as scx3n as the Poles marched
into the interior they wom'd have been surrounded
and cut to pieces. The .object, however, of the
expedition into Volhynia NASD not to gain pcssession
of the province (which. every one knew to be im-
possible), but simply to make At politic .?.l demonstra-
tion, and to prove to Europe what Europe never
doubted, but may begin to doubt now—that Vol-
hynia, Podolia, and the Ukraine are as much Polish
as all the other portions of territory into which
Poland was forcibly divided at the end of the
eighteenth century. If such a question was to be
decided by force then it is now decided against the
Poles. If, on the other hand, it was not to be decided
byforce,
majority nor
by thean
argument will o f an
which ignorant
tb e
Polesand per-
vertedhadbetter fall back upon as soon as possible), I cannot
see on what ground the invasion of Volhynia can
possibly be defended, for there is not a man in
Poland whose opinions his friends would listen to
on any
it would lead to ordinary
a terrible subject of the day who did not
know
Before the expedition started I asked hlaelf
dais
da disaster
proprietors of Volhynia—some of them menw. who
bad fled the province for their lives or for the lives
of their families—what chance the expedition wouldv
es
have. The answer was always the same. 'The ex-
pedition could do no good, and it would be a fortu-
nate thing if it did not lead to a general massacre
of the Catholic Polish nobility by the Russo-Greek
Rnthunian peasantry.
Gliszianski was buried to-day in the Brody ceme-
tery. All the shops were shut, and thousands of the
Jewish as well as of the Christian population of the
town attended the funeral.
Horodinski (or Horodycki) was buried yesterday
morning at Radziwilow, which, ever since the des.
Aerate attack on the town made by his detachment
on the morning of the let, has been in a state of
panic. Yesterday all the officials of Radziwilowber fleof
d
to Brody, and an exodus of Jews, to the num
3,000, took place in the same direction. Towards
evening a report was spread that Minniewski's con-
tingent (the third division of the combined expedi-
tion) was about to cross, in which case it would in-
evitably have shared the fate of Wyneck's and Horo-
dinski's detachments. There were no signs of
preparations at the Radziwilow barrier, but troops
had been sent out east and west towards the fron-
tier. The Austrian guard kindly allowed me to pass
and to approach the town, and with kindness still
greater, promised to keep a look-out, if I would re-
main in sight, until my return. I took very good
care to keep in sight, and found that between the
Austro-Russian barrier and the town of Radziwilow

(distant about a mile and a quarter) there were no
soldiers whatever. All had gone in search of Min-
niewski. Toe only sign of the recent presence of the
Poles on the Russian side of the barrier was a broken
telegraph wire, which lay across the road, and
against which the horse I was riding contrived to
cat his foot. I should like to know whether the
Poles also contrived to cut the wire on the further
side of the town.
To•day the greater part of Minniewaki's detach-
ment was brought in to Brody by the ..',ustrians,
and the injudicious and impracticable Galician
expedition to Volbynis may now be considered
at an end.

SECOND EDITION.

SUN OFFICE, HALF-PAST 4 O'CLOCK.

SPAIN.

The Madrid journals of the 6th instant state
that the reform on the customs' tariffs, decreed
when M. Silaverria was in office, is to be spesdily
annulled. Tee Minister of the Colonies is getting
a progr3mme of studies prepared to place the Uni-
versity of Havana on the same footing as that of
Madrid.

TEE BOMBAY AND MATTRITEJS MAILS.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's screw
steamship Ceylon, Capt. It. W. Evans, arrived at
Southampton at 4 p.m. yesterday, with the heavy
portion of the abovenamed mails. She brought 37
passengers, of whom 46 were first-class and 19
second, 13 children, and 9 servants, and
5 packages of specie (value not stated), 16 cases of
shawls, 32 cases and 158 chests of indigo, 12 chests
of samples, 9 live turtle, 1 box of plants, 1 case of
pictures, 3 cases of sculpture, 88 boxes of empties,
and 55 packages of general merchandise.
The Ceylon left Alexandria on the 27th ult.,
Malta on the Ist inst., and Gibraltar on the sth. In
the Mediterranean she had fine weather, with light
winds and calms ; along the coast of Spain light
northerly winds and fine weather; across the i3ay
of Bi.cay northerly winds and dull weather; and
in the Channel, thick, foggy weather.
Mecanee, Marl-
Herorough, Trafalgar, Pelican, Malacca, Caradoc, and
I‘l,,jesty's ships Revenge,
Plymouth, arrived at Gibraltarthe
days do,
onn nine
th e
Supply eat or cruising off Malta on the Ist inst.
dT29ahytehs screwufirto.:
from
corvetted
left
et. t Cossack,fo r
Malta
l Captainta a t l 1
a.m.11:0ll
British brigantine Maese f Hartlepool,
13:tehn. The with coals for Gulatz, was fallen'l in with in
Belga steamer, bound from Cadaina
for g a r,
Tangier.by the Lion
The
distress on the Ist. off c.
11 Cape Tr, f
Maese was descried close in shore, with a signal of
distress flying, bowsprit broken, and making
her off Puntla‘lhees,Ltioonprßeveeignet was
soi obliged to ground
water
very fast.
The schooner Emil
13:iv Wylde, Captain E. Wylde,
on the 28th ult
, ha erpool, arrived at Gibraltar
twenty days from
having on board Captain J.
Franks and the crew (sl •
x in number) of the late
brigdene
a allihd
Shields, which vessel was aban-
doned o"at on
from Shields to e
th
hold and deck Cadiz,stove . with
schooner Comet, of Bremen, The crew were
Shields, bound for Alexandria,
tran-
shipped to the Emily Wylde
Bay. The Comet
The fo'lowin
• ar-
rived out at Gibraltar 12th nit., on her voyage
picked up long.infive feet of water in her
7 40, lat. 45 30.
on the same day by the
, Captain Harman, from
andria, and were
ylde at the entrance of the
proceeded on her voyage.
British merchant ships had
raltar ;—June 27, the Thessalia,
Captain G.
Clare, six and a half days from Liver-

pool, for Malta and Constantinople; the Prince
Alfred, Captain W. Byes, 16 days from Plymouth
and five from Vigo, in ballast, for Constantinople ;
28th, the London, Captain W. G. S. Hall, six days
from London; the Palermo, Captain J. Greig, 10
days from Glasgow and two from Lisbon, for Genoa,
&e.; 29tb, the Sicilian, Captain J. Groome, seven
and a half days from Liverpool and 28 hours from
Lisbon, for Genoa, &a.; July 2, the Sir James
Duke, Captain J. Greig, 12 days from Liverpool
and seven from Cardiff; for Alexandrie.; the
Ellora, Captain J. Kellock, four and a half days
from Southampton, with mails, &c., for Malta and
Alexandria; 3d. the Memnon, Captain H. Mackay,
seven days from Liverpool, for Malta and Alex-
andria ; and the Sydney Hall, Captain T. Waite,
seven days from London and two from Lisbon, for
Tangier, &c.
The Gibral;ar Chronicle of the Ist inst. announces
the folio us ing change of quarters among the regic,
ments in garrison ; The 7th Royal Fusileers mtro,v,ee
out of the Waterport Caaemates, and repltac_Liown
100th Royal Canadians in the barracks a T.
Range, Wellington's Front, 3d Buffs at
The Canadians take the place of the
Buffs move into
Buena Vista and Europa, and the
and King s Bastion.
now in the South Barrect.s, e Waterport Casemate The (Ixicihnfrage Regiment)gua,
with the 2d Queen's et Windmill Hill and Buera
Vista Sheds.

-.....-.................—=
oignhead, has caught, fo►
the toothouse of his
den, at hic seat in Lin i hgowshire, a male red fronted
During the five Tears it (with its
or chimney swatloW•
)thDreered in the same nest between thirty and forty
suurheca(nz -ic7eeisi.,aosiot.tr) 13,
p
The bird was identified by a pitac.e of gut which
the
arfigerri
you •
was attached tc, in; lzgs on the occasion of its first ca tore
in 1859.—Ecotsma(4,