The Sun.
London, England, 1852-07-15 00:00:00

JULY 15, 1852.

:ta.vobieuhnlrcitheaeh
ing. The arrivalr
ebwoeeerrene,
the- pAreMva,Elirßg
pwhumaebnlaallionnas.tehvuitfecie,lrdihoalcCore:..iinufi:tfrdo.etearNhcin(lt nclnei g,NtlnattnElydsNaoeV!ol:ollofooirri, iahrai
in-
creaseddrani
nA. Ne w York thin week are interne-
The ndvio a f.
duringsw tableeicti hr r iththi
at e°has'
year in the United States; a
maintaieed. The 30th of Jane being
the close of the fin
egJooo(zusrnailnotfn Commerce of
's
consequently'47dolls.. ionwnth‘o3f. 7, preceding392a 4).17. ,
haendharvest
ftwellave7mon'ths, the total b:iSdn'g.B°sr7i,P2t2i9ln,o6(2if
the r 1 , imports4B o
,000pffoa
Iwa.
dolls., against 64.6
a gooddet4rade vies expected. The pro-
spectsoccurred chiefly since the
Ist ot Janugry.
circumstances, stocks
also very favourable. Rail-
road bonds continued to be be issued in large quaLtities,
Rail-
end the amount put upon the New York market
A falling
during the last five or six -
weeks had been about 800,0001.
Those of lines in fair r.,.,
were loin.
of
taken. The particulars pateofwere, however, still readily
the United States, Great theßritain,
treaty arranged between
It;in, Costa Rica, and Nica-•
ragua for the setlereent the Mosquito and w.her
boundary claestionw, had juatet
territory ig to be pushed bacmaspireit The Mosquito
Juan to the rivers Rama Segovia,andknorthward from the San
to receive in consideration the and the Bing is
valorem,
proceeds of an import
duty of 10 per cent, ad
Greytown for three -ye
ears, (dorm, to be levied at
Any • •
land within the ceded districtexisting grants
a of
be recognized
provided they shall not 'interferer°to
of the Ship Canal Company- Gre witht
the privileges
the authority of Nicaragua, but ynoown is to be under
tonnage or im-
port duties are to be levied on essel aor goods in-
tended for transit across 1,
the isthmus or for con-
sumption in any other State. Duel may be levied for
lighthouses, &c., but are in no case to exceed twelve
cents (sixpence) per ton. The boundariea 'between Nica-
ragua and Costa Rica are to begin on the south aide f o
the Colorado from its mouth on the Caribbean Sea to
its confluence with the San Juan, and to proceed thence
along the south bank of the San Juan and Lake Nica-
ragua till it reaches that part of the strip of laud be.
tween the lake and the Pacific nearest to the river La
Flor, which lows into that ocean, and to the mouth of
which a straight line is to be drawn. Costa Rica is
to enjoy in common with Nicaragua the right to
navigate the Colorado, the San Juan, and the lake
by any vessels excepting steamers, subject to the
paramount right
of the Canal Company to appro-
priate these waters in any way they may find neces-
sary. It is also stipulated that the Canal Company are
to have the privilege of locating on the south bank of
the San Juan four of their eight sections of land, and
that neither Nicaragua nor Costa Rica shall erect any
works or in any way interfere either with the rivers or
the harbour of Greytown so as to obstruct that company
or the Accessory Transit Company. The next clause
fixes 25 miles from the termini of the canal on the At-
lantic and the Pacific as the distances to be exempt
during war from blockade, detention, or capture for ves-
sels of the United States and Great Britain. An exten-
sion of a year is allowed to the Canal Company beyond
the original period fixed for its commencement; and,
finally, the proteotion of the United States and Great
Britain is guaranteed to that body for the maintenance
of all their privileges as well as those of the Accessory
Transit Company.
From Mexico the dates were to the Bth of June (a
fortnight later than those previously received), and pre-
sented a remarkable picture of a Government in the last
stage of decay. Congress had adjourned on the 21st of
May, without making any provision for carrying on the
public service during the recess, and when at the last
moment the Executive made a demand for extraordinary
powers for that purpose, it was retused by a large ma-
jority. No steps had been taken towards paying the
July dividend on the foreign debt, and though the
Chamber of Deputies had persisted in voting the aboli-
tion of some of the prohibitory import duties, the
Senate had been equally stubborn on the opposite
side. The tobacco monopoly bad also been left
without any alteration. Atter these events the
Government had sent orders to the custom-house
at Vera Cruz and Mazatlan to pay no claims, and to
hold in specie at its disposal all receipts. Under
these circumstances, rumours were rife of an intended
coup d'etat on the part of the President Arista—an act
which many of the leading merchants and others would
have been prepared to welcome but for the belief that
Arista, without Santa Anna's energy, possesses all his
foibles and want of honesty, and that, consequently,
nothing could arise from it but a succession of similar
revolutions. At present the country • was virtually
without any rule whatever, since at Vera Cruz the munia

- cipal authorities had been compelled by the inhabitants
to allow an importation of flour at reduced duties in
direct contradiction to the decision of Congress,
while at Tampico projects were entertained of
establishing a tariff precisely similar to that of
the United States, as a preliminary, it was be-
lieved by some parties, to a movement for annexation.
With regard to commercial affairs at Mexico there was
nothing new. The telegraph between the city and Vera
Cruz had bean completed, but was constantly receiving
so much damage as to be almost inefficient. ' Quick-
silver was still declining, and a considerable quantity is
said to have been offered at 35 dollars, delivered at the
Ilavannab. From the Texian frontier the dates were to
the 14th of June, but there had been no events of impor-
tance. Murders by the Mexicans and Indians and at-
tempted reprisals by the Americans were still the chief
topics,

- 'With regard to Ecuador, the following, from the Pa-
',lama Star, is the only piece of information. Supposing
it to be correct, it would appear that Peru has off all disguise, and has decisively joined
Gen. Flores
ia his piratical attackthrown
"We are credibly informed that official information
has been received in this city, conveying the intelligence
that the Peruvian steam. corvette Remac General
Dome, had arrived from Callao at Guayaquil, and that
after a oonsult.tion with Fiore's, the General returned to
Callao, to make arrangements to come back again im-
mediately with a stronger force, to assist General
Flores in his present invasion. We are further informed
from a reliable source that General Flores will commence
his attack on Guayaquil as soon as the necessary assis-
tance arrives from Peru, and from what we can learn
we shall soon have some very exciting intelligence in
reference to this long-pending affair. The opinion is,
that Flores, assisted by Peru, will have little difficulty in
making a conquest of Ecuador."

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.
REPORT ON RAILWAYS BY THE SECRETARY
OF THE RAIL WAY DEPARTMENT OF THE
BOARD OF TRADE.
Captain Simmons, the Secretary, states that this re-
port is in continuation of the annual reports made by
the Commissioners of Railways. It states, under the
head of "Increase of Railway Communication," that
the increase that has been made in the railway commu-
nication of this country in the year 1851 has not been
so great as in any of the preceding years since 1844.
Commencing from that period, there was a rapidly pro-
gressive increase in the number of miles opened during
each successive year. This increase reached its maxi-
mum in 1848, in which year 1,182 miles of railway were
added to those previously opened for the conveyance of
passengers. The yearly progress has, since 1848, been
as rapidly diminishing, the number of miles opened
during the last year having only amounted to 269, of
which 174 are in England, 9 in Scotland, and 86 in
Ireland. The whole extent of railway communication
open for traffic in the United Kingdom at the end of 1851
was 6,890 miles, which are distributed in the different
parts of the kingdom in the following proportions:—
Miles.
5,306
960
624

In England and Wales...
In Scotland
In Ireland ...

Total miles open for public traffic in -
the United Kingdom ... ... 6,890
The principal communications by railway which have
been opened during the past year have been that part of
the South Wales and Forest of Dean Railway which ex-
tends from Gloucester to the left bank of the river Wye,
opposite Chepstow (27 miles), and the Vale of Neath
Railway, from Merthyr-Tydvil to the South Wales
Railway near Neath (19 miles). The bridge across the
Wye, which is a work of considerable magnitude, is not,
however, yet completed. When this bridge shall have
been completed and opened for traffic, Swansea and an
important part of South Wales will be brought into
connexion with the general railway system of Eng_
laud. A very important line of communication has
been opened during the past year in Ireland, by the
completion of the Midland Great Western Railway
from Mullingar to Galway (76 miles), thus connecting
that important port in the west of Ireland with Dublin.
The speedy completion of this railway is, in a great
measure, to be attributed to the advance of 500,000/.
which the company has received from the Imperial
Treasury, under an Act passed in the year 1849. It
appears, however, that a very considerable portion of
these lines will never be constructed, in consequence of the
lapse of the powers conferred upon the companies. The
returns presented to Parliament show that the powers,
both for the compulsory purchase of the necessary lands
and for the construction of the works, had ceased with-
out having been exercised with respect to 645 miles, and
that the powers for the compulsory purchase of ands
had been allowed to expire previous to the end of 1850 (to
which date the returns have been made) to a further ex-
tent of 571 miles, reducing the number of miles of railway
not now open for traffic, for making which the powers
were in force at the end of 1850, from 5,101 to 3,885.
From a table given in the report it appears that the
aggregate length of line opened previous to 1843 Was
2,036 miles; during 1844, 204 miles;
in 1845, 296 miles;
1846, 606 miles; in 1847, 803 miles; in 1848, 1;182_
_sj
miles; in 1849, 869 miles; in 1850, 625miles;i in
1851, 269 miles. The total length of line opened
December, 1851, was 6,890 miles. The length of
'n
each
line authorised at the end of 1843, and during
subsequent year, amounted,
Gorin the aggregate, to 12,317
for decrease by
miles, from which must be deductedls, leaving 11,991
abandonment, deviation, &c., 362
miles,
miles authorised,
of which 5,101 miles remain to be
uly
°paned. It appears that the powershave been for the compulsory
allowed to
purchase
,of the necessary
1"1(Is f extent of
f•xpire during the year 1851 to a
2,418 miles. The other powers urther
necessary to enable
the companies to proceed with . the construction of
these 2,418 miles, however, are still in force, so that