The Sun.
London, England, 1864-01-28 00:00:00

position of those strange measures which in foreign
countries have convulsed States, and rendered all
popular representations a sham and a delusion.
The chief aim and object put before those who
come forward and represent the interests of their
country, ought not to be the setting up or the
pulling down of any party, but the real good of
the State and the welfare of the community. Let
these be secured, and all else is secondary, while if
they are disregarded nothing can atone for
their absence,_ or compensate for their loss.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

LRETITER'S TELEGRAMS.]

MARCH OF THE AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN
VANGUARD,
KIEL, JAN. 27 (Evening).

Orders have been received here for the vanguard
of the Austro-Prussian army corps to advance. It
is expected that the troops will commence their
march to morrow towards the Eider canal.

The meeting of the Manchester Chamber of
Commerce is an event of some public interest in

BERLIN, JAN, 28.

,he present condition of the cotton trade.

Advices received here from Warsaw to the 25th
announce that the Dziennik publishes an order of
General Berg, according to which Poland is to be
governed in future by martial law.

opinion of men so closely connected with that

branch of commercial industry must certainly be
worth having, since they not only give us the
present aspect of the trade as it appears to them,
but they represent also the estimate formed of
the promises and prospects of the future. Cotton,

THE PRINCIPALITIES.

BUCHAREST, JAN. 28.

of course, was the grand subject of debate, as
well as the prominent feature in the Report.
It is satisfactory to find that the general tone of
the meeting was sanguine as to the revival of the
trade, and that no dissentient voice expressed a

The question of the Monastic property which
has been secularised by the Government is
entirely settled, the Chamber of :Representatives
having yesterday voted an indemnity of 50 million
francs to be paid to the religious communities of
the Holy Places. This indemnity will be covered
by a loan to be issued at 88, and bearing 7 per cent.
interest.

doubt of, the future increase of supplies, although
there was naturally some difference of opinion as
to minor particulars. Whether that increase de-

pends on the old source reopening, or the new ones
developing their powers, is really a matter of less
moment than the question of sufficient supplies,
although it is very fervently to be hoped that never

again will one country be allowed the virtual
monopoly of the raw material. That such depen-

dence was necessitated by no special peculiarity of

soil or climate was sufficiently evidenced by the
statistics given by the Chairman of the assembly on
Tuesday. "In a short time," he said, " they might
hope for enough cotton to serve the wants of the
consumer, and to employ all hands who still re-
mained in the district, though it might be longer
before all the idle spindles were employed. In 1861
our imports of cotton from Egypt were 97,800
bales; last year they were 284,700, the increase
in the money value being nearly £12,000,000. The
increase in Indian produce is by no means propor-
tionate. According to Mr. ASH.WORTH'S statement,
in 1861 the amount furnished by India was 986,000
bales, while last year it rose to 1,223,000 bales ; the
value having risen from £12,000,000 to £43,000,000,
an increase which, as he justly observed, must have
exercised a sensible effect on the industry of India.
Still the difference in the quantity supplied is not
at all commensurate with the rapid development of
the trade in Egypt, Turkey, Africa, and other
places. Remembering the effect of British capital
and enterprise in other quarters, the vast impor-
tance to this country of obtaining a speedy and
sufficient supply ; remembering, too, the uncon-
trolled authority we exercise in :India, the public
will be tempted to ask with Mr. PENDER, M,P.,
who was one of the speakers at this meeting, what

is the cause of this discrepancy. "Looking," he
said, "at the production of cotton in other countries,
and at the rapid increase which had taken place in
the production of Turkish and Egyptian, looking
also at the very small increase in India (taking into
consideration the immense area covered by the
cotton field, for India had been for centuries a cotton
growing country) it might naturally be asked
' What is the reason of this slow increase of pro-
duction in India ?' " The answer has hitherto been
that the price required was high, but this
is no longer acceptable, since manufac-
turers are unable to obtain the quantity they
want, although the price of Indian cotton is now as
high as 23d. per lb. The real answer to the query
was readily supplied from all parts of the Chamber
by the successive speakers, who lamented the negli-
gence and mismanagement of the Indian Govern-
ment. Complaints were made that the roads were
neglected, and no efforts made to stimulate or en-
courage the trade. In the annual report it was
stated that Sir CHARLES WOOD's explanations with
respect to the occupation of waste lends, and the
measures to be adopted for increasing the Indian
cotton supply were far from satistaztory. The
right hon. baronet's self-glorifications at Halifax
were received at Manchester cum grano salis. The
President demurely remarking that had his consti-
tuents at Halifax been dependent upon cotton in-
stead of wool for their staple manufacture, they
would have been less easily satisfied with his state-
ments. At a great crisis like the present, when
thousands of our industrial population have been
suddenly thrown out of employment, and one of
our chief branches of trade and commerce has been
abruptly paralysed, it would have seemed to an im-
partial observer that the first duty of an English
Minister who had the direction of affairs in a
country which had the power to supply in some
measure the defection of the old source, would be
to stimulate the cultivation by every means in his
reach. It might have been expected that he would
use his authority, would exert his influence, would
empty his treasury, would stretch his powers to
the very fullest extent in the endeavour to obtain
the largest possible quantity of raw material for the
English market. Road-making and canals into the
interior should have been hurried forward to sup-
ply the means of communication—liberal advances
should have been made, prizes offered on the part
of the Government for the best specimens of Indian
grown cotton, first-rate seed should have been ob-
tained and distributed, waste lands reclaimed and
let or sold for the express purpose of cotton culti-
vation, and all those means which have proved so
eminently successful in the hands of the rulers of
Egypt, of Syria, of Southern America, and other
places, should have been tried with unremitting
energy. How far Sir CHARLES WOOD has done all
this may be seen from the figures adduced above.
We cannot but hope that the Secretary for India
will be called upon in his place in Parliament to
give some account of what he has done and left
undone in India during the past twelve months,
and certainly neither India nor England will have
much cause to regret the substitution of an abler
and more enlightened statesman at the head of
Indian affairs.

OPERA PROPRIETIES IN PARIS.—WouId you like
to know what is the thing to do if you go to the
Grand Opera? Ecoutez. First take your box thre3 days
beforehand; then obtain two Napoleons; send one of these
to M. Alphonse Kars, poet and gardener at Nice, the other
to a confectioner in Paris. Addresses may be had at the
box-office, adding the number of your box. Before the
overture you will receive a bouquet of spring flowers—the
modest vialet, lillies mined with roses ; in fact, " omnis
copia narium," in a wooden box ; and after the first act, a
tin case full of iced fruits. I can assure you nobody who is
anybody—nobody of our world, you understand—now goes
withou them ; and a truly 'fashionable audience has its
mouth full during the whole performance.
HEAVY GERMAN JOKING,—We learn from Ger-
man papers that the " Railway. theatre which has been
instituted on the trains between Manohester and Liverpool
is a complete success, and that the performances might
serve as models for fixed stages 11" If this be a joke, we
don't see it.

THE TREATIES OF PARIS AND VIENNA, 1814 and
1815, Dr. Abdy has chosen as the subject of the law lec-
tures at Gresham College, for the present Hilary Term.
A CALCULATION RATHER DIFFICULT TO BE
ESTIMATED.—Professor Bischoff, of Bonn, had made some
experiments on the rate of cooling of basalt, and on these
Professor Helmholtz had founded a calculation, by means
of which he proved that the period which a globe of basalt
of the size of the earth would take to cool from 2,000 deg.
C. to 200 deg. C. would be 350,000,000 of years.
LIVERPOOL AND BIRKENHEAD are to be con-
nected bya tunnel under the Isiereey, at a cost of £/00,(100.

Mt SUN. LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 28, 18M•