The Sun.
London, England, 1852-09-20 00:00:00

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1,71 p '
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N°.18,720.] LONDON, MONDAY
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SEPTEMBER 20, 1852.

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indeed, I must mend on it, as one advantage, that
.I
talk on all anticipate from the presentbed aspect of affairs that in
futureebabied agricultural c u
meetl tuarnald
, without
and
the societies
topics
which
con-
cern them fully and frankly,
touch upon any point of political appearing
With reference to this society,
position in the general progress do not see why the
district it comprises may not tak, advanced
have mentioned the symptoms it exhibits improved
management of the soil. I believe there ar
class—landlords, tenants, statesmen, largee inta every
small farmers—very many who give an observant
and enlightened attention to the business
tb
which they have to do; I believe there is a hardyw
and spirited peasantry. I have had
opportunities
of
witnessing their athletic prowess in their games and
wrestling, which I must say, when properly pursued,
and not in a gambling or dissipated spirit, seem to
me well deserving of encouragement; but, what is of
more importance, I believe there is in very many in-
stnnces a desire and a care for good education, and
with such materials, physical as well as moral to work
upon and to work with, I do not see why Cumber-
land, long preeminent above the English counties
for the beauties of her natural scenery, her rich gar-
niture of lakes, and her sublime extent of mountains,
should not be equally conspicuous in all the attributes
of successful agriculture and creditable citizenship—
(Cheers)—and in this hope I beg you now to drink
to the " Success of the East Cumberland Agricultural
Society."—(Cheers.)
After several other toasts had been disposed of,
coofnactehrle,le'reoyofuh(nCiwcthhrileyice.r s
The Earl of CARLISLE, in a few sentence, gave the
" Health of Mr. Aglionby, M.P., for Cockermouth."
—(Cheers.) They were glad to see him still occu-
pying the situation he had so long and so honourably
filtaa.—.4faaaricheqa-)
Mr. AGLIONBT, in responding to the toast, advised
farmers to turn their attention more particularly to
the improving of the breed of stock. He adverted
to the improved condition of the people generally,
and expressed his belief that this year as well as suc-
ceeding ones would be prosperous as regarded the
agriculturists and all other classes of the community.
Sir J. GRAHAM.—I have the chairman's permission
to propose another toast. I fully concur with the ob-
servation which has been made, that it is most honour-
able to the tenant-farmers of this division of the county
that in fair open competition with large landed pro-
prietors they have succeeded in carrying off a great
majority of the prizes.—(Cheers.) I am decidedly of
opinion that meetings of this kind are very useful, and
I will illustrate that remark by what has occurred
this evening. Last year, with the view of trying an
experiment, I offered a priza for the best crop of
wheat out of lea. It is notorious that in the south
the best crop of wheat is always raised after clover
lea. Now here is the value of well-attested expe-
riments. There is nothing so fallacious as laying
downa
principle universally applicable to agricul-
ture all parts of the country, when we know the
difference that exists as regards climate, soil, and
local circumstances. As for a system of cultiva-
tion it is not possible to lay down general rules; but
I was anxious to ascertain whether there was not
some local prejudice existing in regard to the raising,
of wheat after lea. I had, as it has been stated to-
night, a particular object in giving the premium re-
ferred to. With reference to .our climate and other
circumstances I will not say more than that the
growth of wheat to an extent which is not necessary
to the fair rotation of crops even on the best land is
no longer desirable; but it is desirable from the
nature of the demand for all kinds of stock to enlarge
the quantity of land in permanent grass, and to in-
crease the number of sheep and cattle generally. You
cannot lay down your land with seeds advantageously
with a crop of wheat. It is desirable that you should
rather lay it down with oats. If it were possible to
break no with wheat instead of laying it down with
wheat, beneficial results would be obtained. The
opinion of the judges, however, is decisive against
the practice of breaking up land with wheat in this
district, and I am bound to say that the experiment
having been tried by farmers of the utmost skill on
my own estate without weep, I take that as a proof
that this mode of cultivation is not suited to this dis-
trict. I spoke to my friend sitting on my left (Mr.
Aglionby), and he tells me that in Surrey he
farms on land of very inferior quality, and raises
his best crop of wheat after lea on a chalk subsoil.
The dryness of the subsoil, probably, accounts for
his success. Again, the climate of Surrey is widely
different from that of our district; and when it is
spoken of as improbable that a great wheat crop can
be grown on Penrith Fell, I say I never wish to see
wheat again grown on that district. I think that
every encouragement should be given to agriculturists
to raise on the smallest quantity of land the greatest
possible quantity of produce. The cultivation of
green crops, the extension of grass, and the use of
sheep, are directly conducive to this end.—(Cheers.)
I cannot in adequate terms express my gratitude to
the tenant-farmers of this district. They have strug-
gled against immense difficulties in the noblest spirit,
not only of enterprise, but of patient endurance, and
have continued to hope even against hope.—(Cheers.)
They have performed prodigies of late years. I say
it in no spirit of boasting, but I will tell you that
when I began the management of my property
I let on improving leases for nineteen years.
By the will of Providence I have twice renewed
these leases; I renewed them for 14 years in 1842,
and now I am again renewing them for a fresh period
of 14 years. On a large portion of my property I
have within the last six months renewed for 14 years,
and I state it, not with pride as regards myself, but in
a spirit of heartfelt gratitude to my tenants, that not-
withstanding all the difficulties they and I have had
to encounter, I have not changed any considerable
portion of my tenantry on any of those three occa-
sions; and on the last one there has been no change.
Considering all the circumstances—all the difficulties
of the tenant-farmers—l say they are a high-spirited
body of men—a noble-minded body of men, banded
together for the purpose of successfully exerting their
industry. It is skilled industry, too, for in this part
of the country the tenantry are not only educated,
but intelligent, and landlords may well be proud of
such a body of men.—(Cheers.) The Right Hon.
Gentleman concluded by proposing "The Tenant-
farmers."
Mr. Griancaes acknowledged the toast.
The Earl of CARLISLE then gave "The Royal
English Agricultural Society." He was gratified to
find that there was a prospect of the Royal Society
holding one of their meetings at Carlisle at an early
date.—(Cheers.)
After several other toasts had been duly honoured,
Sir J. GRAHAM stated that, with the permission
of the society, he had to offer for next year, a pre-
mium of 101. for the best-managed farm in this dis-
trict, subject to the decision of the committee of
management.—(Cheers.)
The VICE-CHAIRMAN (Mr. Richard Ferguson) had
to offer 151. to be divided into premiums for the best
poultry. The prizes to be competed for in April next.
The Earl of CARLISLE said that, as giving pre-
miums seemed to be the order of the evening, he
begged to say that next year he would give a pre-
mium of 101. for the best general stock in the hands
of any owner.—(Loud applause.)
The company then broke up.

EAST CUMBERLAND AGRICULTURAL
SHOW.
CARLISLE, SATURDAY.—This day the annual show
of this society took place in the yard of Carlisle
Castle. After the exhibition a numerous company
dined at the Coffee-house. The Earl of Carlisle was
in the chair, and among those present, we observed
Sir J. Graham, Mr. C. Howard, M.P., Mr. Aglionby,
M.P., Mr. Ferguson, M.P., the Hon. Petro, Mr.
Howard, of Couly Castle ; Mr. Howard, of Grey•
stoke; the High Sheriff of the county, Colonel Mac
lean, Mr. Ferguson, of Hanker Mr. Fawcett, of
Scaleby Castle, &c.
After the usual loyal toaste had been disposed of,
The Earl of CARLISLE rose and said—The next
toast upon my list is the toast of "The Army and
Navy," and in giving it to you I feel that it would be
impossible to refer to the martial service of the
country, especially of the army, without our thoughts
reverting to the name which has in numberless in-
stances been associated with it, and to the memory
of him who at the beginning of this week was its
chief, and who shall to all succeeding time be its pride,
its model, and its inspiration.—(Loud cheers.) Gen-
tlemen, this occasion is not one on which to dwell
upon a theme of sorrow.—(Hear.) I unaffectedly
feel that I am not the person to delineate the services
or the conduct of the Duke of Wellington.—(Cheers.)
This has already been done to a great extent by the
press of this country in a manner which, I must say,
amid all our deep and just regret, makes us feel proud,
as Englishmen, that he whose loss we deplore should
have been so well understood and so thoroughly ap-
preciated.—(Loud cheers.) This country has been
taught, by its own history, to associate the deaths of
its foremost heroes with the culminating hour of
victory—With Wolfe expiring tinder the ramparts of
Quebec—with Nelson falling on the decks of Tidal-
gar.—(Loud and continued cheering.) But, gentle-
men, while in the number and difficulty of his achieve-
ments the Duke of Wellington far outshone those
commanders, by the death of one of whom we received
the dominion of a continent, and of the other that of
the sea, I feel that there is something still more in
keeping with his steady, even, and unclouded career,
that he should have sunk to death gently and noise-
lessly.—(Cheers.) It was not in the battle—no
tempest gave the shock—but a nation which he had
made greater far than it ever was before—seemed
bathed in the summer sunshine of peace and pros-
perity, and Sovereign and people alike, who had
grown familiar with his mellowing greatness, without
losing anything of the veneration which attached to
it, will have marked the close of his long, bright, and
glorious day with undisturbed regret and unalloyed
affection.—(Loud cheers.) I beg to give you the
" Army and Navy," requesting that for once it may
be drunk in silence, and coupled with " the Immortal
Memory of the Duke of Wellington."
Colonel MACLEAN responded to the toast.
" The County and Members" having been given
and responded to,
The Earl of CARLISLE rose to propose " The
Members for the city of Carlisle." He said, lam
particularly happy to give you a toast so congenial to
my feelings. With respect to one of the Members
who has now been returned for the first time to Par-
liament, I have not had with him the honour of a long
personal acquaintance, but I know the esteem in which
he is held among his fellow-citizens—(Cheers)—and
in raising him to that distinguished post they have
not only given him a high trust to discharge, but also
a most gratifying attestation of his own upright and
honourable character.—(Cheers.) With respect to
my Right lion. Friend now sitting at my left,
I have had the pleasure of a much longer ac-
quaintance, and without upon an occasion
of this kind re-awakening any topics of party
excitement or of political difference, which are
so wisely excluded by the laws of our proceedings—
(Hear)—I trust I may yet be allowed to remark that
it is a source of great gratification to the city that
talents so eminent and services so distinguished should
be fully recognised on his own native soil—(Loud
and continued cheering)—or, in a word, that Car-
lisle and Cumberland have got their own again.—
(Laughter, and loud applause.) And, as I have
already said, without infringing upon subjects from
which we are debarred by the laws of our meetings,
and which would not, indeed, be appropriate to their
especial purpose, yet, with reference to this, for a
special purpose, I am at least warranted in remarking
that among Ell meetings of agriculturists Sir J.
Graham ought to be held in due honour, because he
has devoted, at different periods of life, that clearness,
that grasp of mind, which has been much exercised
on other subjects, to the science and practice of Agri •
culture.— (Loud cheers.) No one, I feel assured, is
better enabled to offer you useful advice and useful
suggestions, and no one has been able to reduce the
theory of his art to fuller or more successful practice.
--(Cheers.) From these combining motives lam
sure you will drink with every mark of good feeling,
respect, and congratulation—" The healths of the
Members for the city of Carlisle, Sir James Graham
and Mr. Ferguson."—(Protracted cheering).
Sir J. GRAHAM—I am afraid that on every ground
I must claim seniority on this occasion, and as the
senior member for Carlisle I beg to return you thanks.
My Noble Friend in the chair has justly observed that
the institutions of this society strictly forbid anything
approaching a political character being given to it, and
I certainly, having the success of the society most
anxiously at heart, would grieve if one word fell from
me in violation of the most salutary rule in question.
I trust, however, I may be permitted to express my
intimate conviction that while the prosperity of agri-
culture, and the consequent activity of the home
market, form a most important element of the trade
and commerce of this country, so, on the other
hand, one of the most certain causes of agricultural
prosperity is to be found in the extension of trade
and manufactures. Being intimately persuaded of
the truth of this great principle, I cannot help
rejoicing that this city, with which I am connected
by so many ties of gratitude and recollection, does
in itself embody in its representatives this principle
at the present moment. Trade and land were
united in the representation of Carlisle, and I trust
that their interests will be faithfully advocated by my
Hon. Colleague and myself. My Noble Friend has
told you that I have paid much attention not to the
theory alone, but the practice, of the noble science of
agriculture. True it is that I have at various times
gladly returned to this delightful occupation, and I
must say that with advancing age my taste for other
amusements grows colder, and my love for this parti-
cular occupation, and my attention to my home farm,
with its interesting details, gains ground day by day,
until the cultivation of my native soil has become an
object most dear to me.—(Cheers.) It is not for me
on this occasion to give advice respecting the culti-
vation of the soil. I see immedtately before and
around me some of the most experienced agriculturists
of this district. The vice-chairman is generally ac-
knowledged to be a great master of the art.—(Hear,
hear.) There is no part of England which has
been so successfully improved as that large district
lying between my residence and Carlisle which
is in Mr. Ferguson's occupation. If I refer
to draining I shall touch on a subject about which
there is no difference of opinion among agriculturists.
I could not take a better mode of stating what are the
sound principles on which this important operation
should be conducted than by adopting, almost word
for word, a speech lately delivered at Appleby by the
Lord-Lieutenant of the county, which I read in the
newspapers. lam more and more convinced that in
our wet climate, without draining, there can be no
success in agriculture. I have bought experience on
this head, as older agriculturists have done. I began
with the notion that for surface draining it was not
necessary to go deep. This error has been demon-
strated, and it is now recognised that, speaking gene-
rally, deeper draining is more effective. Then I
thought that three feet draining was sufficient. Sub-
sequent experience, however, has shown me that
drains three and a half feet, at greater distance, and
therefore not more expensive, are much more effec-
tual.—(Cheers.) I now pass to the great question
of stock. I was delighted to observe in the show.
yard the improvement made in that description of
stock which will be found most remunerative and
most conducive to the advantage of this particular
neighbourhood—l mean sheep. It would be difficult to
find better sheep than were shown in the Castle-yard
this day. lam bound to say, however, that the kn.
provement in other descriptions of stock has not kept
pace with that of sheep. In the district of Penrith
and the banks of the Eden the short-horns are supe-
rior to those produced in the northern part of the
county. I wish more attention could be paid to the
breed of short-horns.—(Cheers.) The Galloway
stock shown to-day was generally good, and it is a
breed well adapted to a district which is exposed to
great vicissitudes of climate; but on good land the
short-horns are better.—(Cheers.) If it were only
for the purpose of crossing with the Galloway, it is
desirable to have more short-horned bulls in this dis-
trict. There is another subject to which I will take
this opportunity of adverting. It is clear to me that
the potato is becoming a more delicate plant than it
was, and that every year its cultivation is more pre-
carious.—(Hear, hear.) If this be true, it is desirable
to find some other crop more profitable and more cer-
Wu. You may, perhaps, think me prejudiced in what
I am about to say ; and, indeed, in these matters
we are more or less swayed by prejudice. Well, I
have had some experiments tried with flax, and the

results have satisfied n that it may be grown in this
district with advantage and profit. 1 have tried it in
several different, ways. I have tried it out of lea,
without manure, on indifferent land; I have tried it
out of lea on superior land; I have tried it after a
course of turnips and potatoes ; I have tried it with
guano and bones, and the result of these experiments
has convinced me that the cheapest way of growing
it is last ; namely, out of lea, without manure.—
(Applause.) But, to effect this, it is necessary that
the land should be dry, deeply ploughed, and in a
condition free from weed. Now, observe—if you
fulfil these conditions, flax is the best possible prepa-
ration for a green crop following. Several of my
tenants also have this year tried the experiment of
growing fliz. I will not trouble you with details ; it
is sufficient to state that on a piece of poor land, let
for only 103. an acre, the crop cost 4/. an acre, in-
eluding rent and all charges, and I am satisfied
Could
there be established in this neighbourhood some ma-
chinery for converting the straw of flax, after the
that it is worth from 101. to 15/. per acre.
grain is out, into the raw material of manufacture,
the happiest results might be anticipated to flow from
it. This would furnish another illustration of the
principle that the union of manufacturing skill and
capital with agricultural skill and capital is the sure
foundation of the prpsperity of both.—(Cheers.) It
is the foundation °ollie prosperity of this city of Car-
lisle. A. large proportion of the shopkeepers here are
dependent on the prospdrity of the landed interest, and
their interest is •so intimately blended with that of
agriculture that they feel and suffer from its decay.
At the same time, the prosperity of the manufacturing
interest is reflected on the land, and if, as I am happy
to know td be *the caee, there are many persons in
introducing new
Welfare _of the
ltmahnai this
dn neighbourhoodtrhsei stuirsaas
a freshauiudsvet
esr desirous of
ttoin2fea limited extent, of
the principle of the union of the two classes which
will be found in the long run the sure foundation of
the prosperity of our native country...—
(Applause.)
I would here have closed my address, were it not for
something which fell from my Noble Friend the
chairman. Ido not think it possible that there can
be a convivial meeting assembled in any part of the
United Kingdom at this moment in which thoughts
of a melancholy description will not arise in every
breast. My Noble Friend alluded to a fact which
strikes us all—that the foremost man of the world lies
dead and unburied at this moment. Among all my
recollections I am bound to say that I deem it one of
the highest honours of my public life to have asso-
ciated in council with that noble individual.—(Much
applause.) That eye whose glance " kept the world in
awe," has lost its lustre.
" Take him for all in all,
We ne'er shall look upon his like again."
—(Cheers.) .1 am satisfied that, although the grati-
tude of the country has lasted during the life of this
eminent Passing generation
eelywhiileuidivwiidllumal, arikt is notgratitude
itsths i
to
him. My Noble
Friend dwelt with much truth on the extraordinary
ability displayed by the daily press, and its unanimity—
its honourable unanimity—in commenting on the cha-
racter and excellence of the great man. He does indeed
owe much to the press, but it is not to the passing
eulogiums of the daily press he must look for the
maintenance of his future fame. The Duke of Wel-
lington has fortunately left, through the medium of
the press, an undying memorial of the manner in
which
Powers, and of the ho-
nourable me,cdreieisudwhhiies grhhee rose to fame. In those
at
dispatches, written on the moat confidential inter-
course with all persons with whom it was his duty to
h e
exercised
communicate, from the humblest officer to the greatest
sovereign, it will be a noble study to trace how he
achieved his great success. It will there be found
that it was by devotion to his country—by never-
ceasing patriotism—by self-denial with reference to
all passing views of personal interest and exaltation.
Love of duty and love of country were the loadstones
by which he guided his course, and my noble friend
has truly said that he has left to the military profession
a great example, and to all who take part in public
affairs a lesson not less striking and worthy of imita-
tion.—(Cheers.) Patriotism and love of duty para-
mount to every consideration made Wellington what
he was. That example at a distance, in my bumble
sphere, it shall be my duty and desire to follow.
Mr. FERGUSON, the other city Member, returned
thanks.

INIE ANT'S and TRADESMAN'S
MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
5, Chatham-place, Blackfriars, London,
And all the principal towns in the kingdom.
TRUSTEES.
Thomas How, Esq.

effery Smith, Esq.
David lergusson, Esq.
Advantages offered by this Society
Policies Indisputable, except in cases of fraud.
All the Medical Fees paid by the Society.
Assurances of every description effected.
Non forfeiture of Policies.
Assurers unable, or who find it inconvenient to pay their Pre-
miums as they fall due, may have a credit on application to the

Board.
Loans granted on Personal and other Securities in connexion with
Life Assurance.
The Directors being desirous of extending the Agencies in and
roun the Metrolis and troughout the ProvinceS, are ready to re-
ceived applicationspo from influential and active persons, accompanied
with a reference.

GEORGE THOMSON, Manager.
TUOS. MUSGRAVE, Secretary.

Just published, price One Shilling,
MEMOIR of the DUKE of WELLINGTON.
Reprinted, by permission, from the " Times" of September
15 and 16, 1852. Forming the 31st Part of TIIE TRAVELLER'S
LI BRARY.
14,2nd0n : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
- _ ,

AUTUMN.—For the Jast three trr-samptes
of new materials have been daily pouring in from all the
celebrated manufactories in the world, The amplitude of pattern
and magnificent finish displayed in these new styles for Autumn
have afforded full scope for the matured judgment of . MOSES
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offered to them in preference to any other Establishment,n induc
scaleed
them to give the earliest orders on their usual magni
are now sub-
These new materials, for every description of Dress,
mitted to the incomparable skill of distinct classes of artists, British
and Foreign, in the employ of E. MOSES and
other inve.
E. MOSES and SON, by immense purchases on their invariable
ready-money principle, have secured great allowances, and conse-
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any previous season.
FROM ALL NATIONS TO E
TH "DIGGINGS."
Ships are sailing from almost every port in the world, but the gold
mines are not exhausted, nor the labour market overstocked. The
superior equipment of many of the English is everywhere acknow-
ledged ; their means of comfort facilitates their success. That every
emigrant may be outfitted in the best possible manner, E. MOSES
and SON have employed all the advantages of their magnificent and
universal trade, and that practical experience with Outfitting, which
is the result of undeviating attention to the largest business in the
world, conducted for the benefit of every class of emigrants to all
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Full Lists of Outfits, and all information relative to sailing of
vessels and cost of passage may be had on application, or post free
to any part of the kingdom.
SPECIAL NOTICE.—E. MOSES and SON'S Establishments will
be closed on THURSDAY next, September 23, and will re-open on
FRIDAY morning, September 24, at Seven o'clock.
CAUTION.—E. MOSES and SON regret having to guard the
public against imposition, having learned that the untradesmanlike
falsehood of " Being conneAed with their Establishment," or " for
the same concern,
been resorted to in many instances, and for
obvious reasons. They beg to state that they have
No CONNEXION WITU ANY OTHER HOUSE IN Oft OUT OF LONDON,
except their own Establishments, as follows
London City Establishment, 154, 155, 156, and 157, ainiories, 83,
84, 85, and 86, Aidgate, opposite the Church, all communicating.
London West-end Branch, 506, 507, 508, New Oxford-street, 1,2,
and 3, Bart-street, all communicating.
Bradford (Yorkshire) Branch, 19, Bridge-street.
Soeflield Branch, 86, Fargate.
Merchant TAllors, Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers Furriers, Boot
and Shoemakers, and General Outfitters for Ladies and Gentlemen.
The Kstablishments are closed from sunset Friday to sunset on
Saturdays, when business is resumed till Twelve o'clock.
A new Book, entitled " The Library of Elegance," containing a
fall list of prices, and directions for self-measurement, can be had,
gratis, on application, or forwarded, post-free, to any part of the
cingdom.
A handsome Almanac for the year ending 1852 can be had, gratis,
on application.
I
l'on parle Francais. Qui si pails Italian°.
Ici
Hier spricht man Deutsch. Aqua se liable Espanol.

DR. CU LVERWE LL' S NEW WORKS.
To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho,
47, Fleet-street; Mann, 39, Cernhill ; or direct from the author ;
price One Shilling each ; by post, Is. 6d.
ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.
"Health, Recreation, and Rational Use of Time."
ColcrEnrs :—Early Rising—Spring and Summer dornings—Ex-
cursions about the Environs of London—The rams, Lanes, Hills,
Forests, Fields, High-roads, and other pleasant places—Country
Trips and Rambles—The Sea—London at Night—Evenings at Home
—Music—The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing,
Air, Rest, Ease, Occupation, &c., &C.
FRAGMENTS FROM THE MOUNTAINS. Two Volt.
Vol. I.
VISIT TO THE LAKES ; SKETCH OF EDINBURGH, &c,

Sir J. GRAHAM—I ventured just now to give you
my opinions with respect to stock. Now with re-
spect to stock pedigree goes a great way, but qua-
lity, after all, is more valuable than pedigree.—
(Cheers.) In this country we are justly proud of
pedigree and of descent from a long line of illustrious
ancestry ; but yet it is, after all, the quality of the
man which stamps his worth.--(Cheers.) For pedi-
gree the Howards may bang the world ; but it is not
on account of his pedigree that I propose the health
of our Noble Chairman. Let us try him by his qua-
lities. He has been tested on many occasions and in
various places. He has been tried in courts; he has
been tried in senates ; he has been tried in both Houses
of Parliament ; he has been tried on the hustings; he
has been tried at mechanics' institutes ; and at last, I
am glad to say, he has come to this county with which
his family has been se
long honourably connected.
The more we know of him the more we value him.—
(Cheers.) His qualities will stand the test. I
know and you know him. Let us greet him as he
deserves, and drink his health with three times
, y
three.—(Cheers.)
The toast was drunk as proposed.
The Earl of CARLISLE in rel said—l return you
my sincere, my unfeigned thanks, for the
manner,
cordial as it was heartfelt, in which you
to you by my Right not only with the
have been
pleased to drink my health. The toast was proposed
lion. Friend
science of a breeder of stock, but with all the kindness
and warmth of an old friend and fellow-borderer; and
I think I need not assure him that even the honour I
have received at your hands comes to me
infinitely
commended by its having been proposed by a person,
I will not say only of his eminence and distinction,
but who has been endeared to me by old recollections
and associations, which I trust I may look forward to
being renewed and freshened by subsisting and by
new ones.—(Cheers.) I have not ever had myself
the honour, among the numerous avocations my Right
Hon. Friend has assigned to me, of being
with the representation of this county ; but
thou who
have gone before, and those by whom 1. am surrnded,
have shared in that distinction. Therefore I feel all
the gratitude, if not of a personal, of a family tie, that
gratitude
"Feels at each thread and lives along connected
theft ne."
—(Cheers.) And as one mark of 1
my sympathy with all that concerns the welfare
glad tobe
Cumberland, I assure you I am sincerely
I now
present at your meeting to-day.--(Cheers.)
matters to
turn for a few moments from personal
what is more worthy of engaging your attentidon—
the peculiar cause of our being here assembled to-
gether. You have already beard from my . Rig
my gratitude, of
Hon. Friend, and from others who from their circum-
stancesperienced than myself, their estimate of the show
which has been exhibited in the Castle-yard this day,
and of the general state and prospects of the agricul-
ture ; also hear from
0. Cumberland ; you maY
But even my own solitary whose own prac-
those whose constant residence and
tical dealings with their native sell and more ex-
enable them to
speak with just weight and authority on the subject.
oc-
casional visits to this count furnish me with
in the demon-
strationspro-
gress of unmistakable improvement saved by the
of its agriculture. I see large tracts
works of recent drainage ; d I see weeds and stones dis-
appearing from the surface of the fields ; ee wide,
experience and mere
s
dank, reeking masses converted into bright,of
fresh,.
gest or enforce lessons which
place to vigorous farspread growths of theot for green
e to su
glorious turnip.—(Cheers.) it is
nda are more angd-
pasture ; I see lean and scanty cropsofgraingivainngd
every y_
and ability which
more apprehended by the enterprise
are and
rience 11 by all-teaching
culture, which are realized most of a
are impressed upon our ers)—but, when we
take into
and resistless ex—me
(---
permanent conditions as
consideration such
now devoted to the practice science of aqi-
the elevation
agriculture by what we must
admit—the moisture of our climate and
of so large a portion of our district by our mountain
e ,
ran-
-5 and the near Atlantic; and again, when we
also take into consideration the present conditions
which affect as far as we
can ascertain them, the
future our agriculture,
prospects which
the demand made for, and the prices paid for, ani-
cheese, and butter—for
ani-
mal food, for meat, milk,
almost all articles, I had nearly said, with the single
not seem to me that
exception of wheat—it does
the waymanifestly favourable
which is most plainly marked out for us
is to check rather than encourage the growth of
wheat, except where the conditions for it are
bear upon
green
crops, and to rear a still increasing quantity of stock,
You may depend up
countrymen are not 11
having learned among
were scarcely known
and good on it that the appetites of our
•keiy to retrograde, and that
to the extension of
classes where such matters
before the taste of good beef
likely,
mutton, they are not.
except under
Almighty goodness may
such pressure as, 'I trust .
avert, to lose their relish for such productions.—
" Hear, hear," and cheers.) I especially trust that
shall not be suspected of any
.wish to extract any
political influence from these brief remarks,—l merely
found them on actual appearances and facts; and,

vol. 11.
?IU LAKES OF KILL tuNEY ; REbdINISCEZ,rCE4 OF
DUBLIN, &c.

NVFIAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID,
" That three score years and ten our course may run."
A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner-
vously-debilitated health And enfeebled constitution, that harasses
agbeol pith tae
besets
swtihe niablosf pleasure, business, or study, and ere-
and rules ier the diet and physical regu-
bthiteteyrosubnigd,
.ation of every-day life.

IV.
THE PASSIONS.

"What passions hurt the body—what improve;
Truths as refined as Athens ever heard."

SnayseT :—Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old ago. The adl,
vent of the passions. Chastity and its infringements. The casual-
ties oflicentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations graphic, nar-
ritive, and remediative. Advocacy of early marriages.
V.

TIIE MARRIAGE STATE.
To be or not to be, that is the question."
PRoGRAMME :—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and reli-
gion regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and
choico, on both sides, as to age, temperament, complexion, and
figure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them.
P bysical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.
Cases, &c.
By 11. J. CULVERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. (1827), L.S.A.
1824). Twenty-119° years Medica Evenings , e
Sevenl and Forensic Refere in these
matters. matters. Reception hours daily till Five.
sine. 10. ArgYll-place. Regent-street-
-1

RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS.
BRISTOL, SEPT. 18.
STOCK ERCHAWGE.—The share market to• day was very
dull. The only transaction reported was—Taff Vale, New,
3YB

LIVERPOOL, SEPT. 18.
STocx EXCHANGE.—The share market was again dull
to-day, and the few transactions closed without variation in
prices. The sales reported were—Birkenhead, Lancashire,
and Cheshire, 8% dis.—Ditto, (late Chester and Birkenhead),
19% —Bristol and Exeter, 102—Eastern Counties, 11%—
East Anglian, 41/—
Lancashire Yorkshire, 85%s—Man-
chester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, Quarters (No. 1), 7 % till
1853, 9—Midland, 77%—Ditto, New Preference, 41/2 per
cent. P.—North Staffordshire, 4%South-Eastern
and 9Dover, 21%—Whitehaven and Furness, 7—Dutch
Rhenish, 14 dis.
MANCHESTER, SEPT. 18.
STOCK EXCHANGE —The transactions to-day were as
follow :—Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire, Juand Yornction, gk-
dis.—Kendal and Windermere, 1234—Lancashire
shire 851/2—Ditto, Preference, 6 per cent., 1514—London
and shire, 121—Manchester, Sheffield, and Lin-
colnshire, 101. Preference, 113/4 n.—Midland, 774,—Nort
Western, 8 1-16.
BIRMINGHAM, SEPT. 18.
STocK EXCHANGZ.—The business done to-day was very
limited. Birmingham, Wolverhampton, and Stour Valley
were done at ,101. The following were among the closing
quotattiona —Birmingham and Oxford (calls duly paid),
buyers, 30,4—London and North-Western, sellers, 12114
Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, buyers, 283/4, sellers,
29%—Midland (Birmingham and Derby). buyers, 43
Shrewsbury and Birmingham, buyers, 68%, sellers, 70—
South Staffordshire, sellers, Bs. 9d. dis.

[ADVEBNISEMENT.]—THE ROYAL EXIIIBITION.---A
valuable, newly-invented, very small powerful waistcoat
pocket glass, the size of a walnut, by which a person can be
seen and known 11 miles distant ; they answer every purpose
on the Race-course, at the Opera-houses ; country scenery
and ships are clearly seen at 12 to 14 miles ; they are in-
valuable for shooting, deer stalking, yachting, to Sports-
men, Gentlemen, Gamekeepers, and Tourists.—Te be bad
at 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, observe, opposite the
York-hotel. Telescopes—A new and most important in-
vention in Telescopes, possessing such extraordinary powers,
that some, 31 inches, with an extra eye piece, will
show distinctly, Jupiter's Moons, Saturn's Ring, and the
Double Stars. With the same Telescope, weighing only three
ounces, can be seen a person's countenance 31 miles distant,
and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They supersede every
other kind for the waistcoat pocket, and are of larger and all
sizes, with increasing powers accordingly. Opera and Race-
course glasses, with wonderful powers; an object can be
clearly seen from 14 to 16 miles distant. Messrs. S. and B.
Soloraons, Opticians, have invented invaluable preserving
Spectacle Lenses, immediately they are placod.before imper-
fect vision, every object appears clear and distinct, the most
aged defective sight becomes bright and brilliant, is brought to
its youthful, natural, and original state. The Invisible Or-
lc Vibrator, and all kinds of Acoustic instruments foe relief
oganfextreme deafness.-39, Albermarle-street, dilly,
serve opposite the York Hotel.
oN OF SALMON.—A. short time since
PRESERVATION
the Duke of Richmond issued a circular to the proprietors of
f
the upper fishing of the Spey, intimating that it hi
Grace's intention to cease fishing with net and coal on the
m3lisl
yt of
use), Au August (except
etchone
chrohaitveocdciahseioanttihyaftotrimfae-,
in order that the fish might g p the river without ob
struetihn. As a necessary condition of this relaxation, the
aSesxocteoPttakwei toh
Duke required that the upper heritors should agree not to
fish with net and coble, or other implement excepting
the rod, until the 15th of September, when the fishing
season closes. The upper heritors have assented to the
Noble Duke's
as thrown open
his Grace near the mouth of the Spey
suggestion. The crulvew dike belonging
on
to
the 31st ult., and is now entirely removed. The cobles are
also withdrawn, and thus something like
a fair chance will
be afforded to the sahnonpassing up the river--Inverness
Courier.

SEABORNE MAILS.
[N signifies that the mails are sent front the Genera:
by the night—and M by the morning—dispatch.]

Post-offio

When made up in From what
FIACES. (General Post-office I port dis.
London: patched.

America (by Brit. pkt.)N Sept. 17 .. Liverpool ..
America (by U.S. pkt.) N Sept. 21 .. • . ILiverpool
America (by U.S. pkt.) M Sept. 15 .. Southampt.
Australia (via South-
ampton)
31,20 th of each ir onth,Southampt.

Sept. Is
Sept. 28
Sept. 22

mDirittcoa(vcwia Marseilles)
n coast)eille .
N 14 4t thh
Ditto, via C. of G. ) N
Hope N 2d & 14th each mo.iPlymouth
ooffet.anc.
the
mm..oonntht.h. 'Dproloonavveeror
9th of the month .SouthaMpt.
itiNDl9ailyth & 30th of mo.' Dover
BBAelrelazilexaunandria*::••
Buenos Ayras • • .• Ml9th of the month SOlithanapt.
California(viaChagres) M 2d & 17th of monthlSouthampt.
(West
Capo of Good Hope N 14th of the month Plymouth..
Cape de Verdi N 2d of the month .. Plymouth..
Constantinople* .... N 7th 17th 27th of mo Dover
Central America .. M2d & 17th of mon. ,Southampt..
Channel Isles • • .. Wed.. &Fri. Sonthampt.
Chili .. M2d & 17th of mnth ,Southampt.
France .. M N Twice daily .. Dover • •
Greece* N 7th 17th 27th of mo 'Dover • •
Hamburgh N Tuesday & Friday London • •
Holland .. •• M Wednes. & Satar. London ••
Honduras •• N 17th of the mouth Southanipt.
Ireland .. •• M& N Twice daily .. I Holyhead • •
India (via Southamp.) M 20th of the month Southampt.
India (viaMarsoilles) N lith& 24th efmonth I Dover • •
India, via C. of ()Mope N 14th of month Plymouth • •
Mauritius .. 14th of month iPlYin°uth
Mediterranean (via
Southampton) .. M 20th of the month
Mediterranean (via
Marseilles) N Rh/424th of mouth'
Mexico M id of the month—
Madeira .. • • .. M 9th of the month
Malta* .. 1 ,7th,17th,19th•270
Papal States* N '6tll 15th 250 o'sl'l
Naples* N15861.1231°5tthh 025 f tinho°nl-'7_t ll'
1--
17th of mat)
Peru
• • • • ..
M 2d
8;
th 25 Lit ofrno
Tuscany', .. •• N Sth
month
3,1 17th of the
West Indies • • • •
West Indies (except
d of the month .•
Havanna & Nassau) Al 2 tries thus mar
" The mails to those C Peninsula 7th 17th 27thef mo
French packet via bfarselii"'

Sept. 24
Arrived
Nov. go

Sept. 18
Daily
Oct. 12
Oct. 12
Oct. 16
Sept. 26
Sept. 26
Sept. 20
Sept. 16
Th.Bal
Sept. 16
Twicedaily
Sept. 19
Teen. SAL
Sun. Mc, a
!Sept. 16
Twieedall,
'Sept. 24
Arrived
'Sept. 26
'Sept. 26

IBonthamPt•

lAug. 24

Dover ••
4outhamPt•
southamPt•
] DOVOT

'Sept. 19
Ist Ca. MO

Oct. 12
Arrived

'Dover Sept. 22
Dover .. ISept. 22
'SouthampLlSept.
Southampt.'lSept. 16
Dover ISept. 22
Southampt. Sept. 16

ISonthampt.
iced (*) are conveyed by

The Bishop of London arrived yesterday (Tiles'
day), from Cork, at Cruise's Hotel. His Lordship, accom-
panied by many of the Protestant clergy, visited the venera-
ble cathedral this morning, and afterwards many of the
public institutions of the city, and he seemed to take much
interest in them and this ancient city.—Limerick Examiner,

----
REMARKABLE TREES.—On the Duke of Atholl's
property, near Dunkeld, there was, and may be still, a tree
which had in its course split the rock above, and grown
through it... Notes and, Queries.

•
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[PRICE SD.
,

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FROM THE 310RNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
TIME S.—The death of such a man as the Great
Duke will necessarily compel the country, in the dis-
tribution of his offices, to more than one step down-
wards from the sublime. An example, indeed, has
already been given in the announcement made with
such apparent complacency by a Ministerial print,
that the " Might Honourable William Beresford" now
provisionally fills, in the eyes of Europe, the post oc-
cupied by Arthur Wellesley at the head of the
British army. The misfortune, however, of this con-
trast was inevitable. In such cases consti:utional
precedent forms the only rule of action, and no other
arrangement was practicable. But, as the " func•
tions appertaining to the office" in question will not
be imposed for many days upon the " Secretary at
War," and as the appointment itself is of the very
highest consequence, the attention of the public is
naturally arrested by the current speculations upon
its disposal. On this point we believe we can both
express and justify the general opinion of the
country. In the distribution of high State offices
there are two methods of proceeding—one by the
oru e of competence, and the other by the prerogative
fl
rank. Some appointments are of such a de-
scription as to admit of no hesitation between these
two alternatives.
must, in the prasentadmet C le' Ministers, for instance,
ac-
tually what they the most part ay, be for
erofess to be—personally able,
personally active, and ersonally responsible for their
conduct. First Lords of the Treasury and Chan-
cellors of the Exchequer must be in genuine reality
the fittest men, according to the views of Parliamens,
for the discharge of their respective duties without
the
delegation or transfer. On otherad hand, there are
posts of high dignity and Con
which require no professional, considerable attraction
nr
even intellectual
competence, and which may follow
Court favour or
exalted lineage without any public detriment.o In
j
certain cases, however, an appointment en uch dis-
tinction as to render it an object even of princelya
ambi-
tion, and at the same time involves duties of o
relative or contingent magnitude as may be nld
yee s tieedhwithin the sphere of ordinary or untrained capacities.
This presumptively is the case with the Commander-
ship-in-Chief of her Majesty's Forces. So efficient
and well-organized is the department of the Horse
Guards, that for the ordinary routine of times of
peace a working head may be thought not required,
and, even if sterner exigencies should arise, such un-
bounded aid would be at immediate command that
nothing would be actually lost to the country. All,
in short, that could be gained by putting a good
soldier at the head of the army, in person, would be
gained equally by making this soldier the coadjutor
of a less active commander, so that the needs of the
public service and the desires of princely houses might
be satisfied at one and the same time. The system of
proceeding thus described is not without advocates at
the present moment, and it would be useless affecta-
tion to omit stating that his Royal Highness Prince
Albert and his Royal Highness the Duke of Cam-
bridge have both been spoken of for the Comman-
dership-in-Chief of the army. We will plainly re-
capitulate the reasons which convict such views of
great impolicy, and which conclusively prove that the
office should be considered a reality, and practically
filled. In the first place, and above all, the Com-
mandership-in-Chief of the British Forces is not,
and never can be, an appointment of less actual
importance than any other Ministerial post. The
colonial duties of our army communicate to its ser-
vice what may be almost termed a standing character
of war, and, in point of fact, at this very moment of
presumptive " peace " we are marching in force upon
the capital of a great eastern empire. But, indepen-
dently of these conditions, there exist administrative
duties of the most serious description to occupy the
thoughts of a Commander-in-Chief. The science
of war and the devices of armament have lately
made enormous strides—so enormous, indeed, as to
have left us, it is said, considerably in arrear of more
military States. All these alleged improvements
have now to be investigated, and, if desirable, to be
introduced ; nor need we be at the pains of proving
that questions must daily arise for the decision of the
very ablest soldier which the country can furnish.
Moreover, we have recently been induced to take
thought for the protection of our proper coasts,
and every Gazette gives evidence of the efficiency
and availability which it is now sought to impart
to the internal resources of the kingdom. Would
it not, then, be the very height of inconsistency;
when we are raising the militia, and stipulating
for the thorough effectiveness of every adjutant and
drill-sergeant, to treat the chief command of the army
as a duty which might be discharged by deputy or
left to devolve upon rank alone ? If it is answered
that on each and all of these points the services of the
best soldier in the land would be still equally avail-
able, whether he were or were not in nominal occu-
pation of the post in question, we are brought at once
to a second argument even more conclusive, if pos-
sible, than that specified above. The English people
do not desire a sham, and least of all a sham which
would cost some thousands a-year. If it be indeed
true that the Commandership-in-Chief is an appoint-
ment of such a character that all immediate personal
competence may be dispensed with in its occupants,
the inference plainly is not that such occupants should
be accepted, but that the post itself should be added
to those " suppressed great offices of state" which
historical manuals record. Of two things one :
Either the place is of true importance, and should
be worthily filled; or it is of no importance, and
may be abolished altogether. We need scarcely
say that the former is the only sound conclusion, and
it is an additional reason, indeed, against choosing a
commander by courtesy, that no personage gratified
with this distinction is likely to remain as inactive or
as controllable as his supporters would presume. The
Commander-in-Chief, we may be perfectly assured,
will exercise the powers of his office, and it impera-
tively concerns, therefore, the public service that
those powers should be lodged in none but the most
really competent hands. Wellington's victories have
done much, indeed, for the national honour, but even
they have not yet obliterated the doings of the last
Commander-in-Chief appointed on the score of birth.
Of all things in the world, war is the last which will
bear such tamperings with duty, and the practical
English nation ought surely to be the last to act un-
practically in a case at once so plain and so urgent.
If the reader desires any reason more convincing than
these we think we can furnish one yet. At such a
moment as this the consideration which should
prevail in all quarters against all others is the
opinion, if it could be known, of that great com-
mander who now lies dead ; for on no single
point could the advice so often sought be more
competently given. And this we may say without
hesitation, that not only did the Duke notoriously en-
tertain such general sentiments as have been expressed
above, but on an occasion when his advice was actu-
ally required the appointment was made conformably.
When the Duke was Prime Minister, Lord Hill was
named Commander-in-Chief, and it was his Grace's
known opinion that the office should never be made
a mere appendage of exalted rank,_ but should always
be conferred, like any other office of military import-
ance, on a veteran soldier. To such qualifications the
Prince Consort, with all his accomplishme_nts,o,caceaem:
of course, pretend ; and, though the Duke. t
Cam-
bridge is a soldier, and rvices
se
a good one too, his
are not such as t mention
would entitle him even o
were his extraction less illustrious; nor can they
possibly place him on a level with the
We svould rather
rades of the great Duke himself. actual com-
avoid personal specifications in
certainly not saying
intend for. a
general argument ; but we are
what we
Hilt was to
too much in observing that what Lord e
is to Lord
the Duke of Wellington, Lord Harding
d b
say expecte y the
Hill. In any case it is earne _
d of the British army will be
public that the command
British soldier ; and when it
given to an experiendee
what
a comparison even the
is considered,
indheseve to bear, we really think that
best of these will
less approved competitors might forego, in their own
interests, the onerous ambition of succeeding to
Arthur Wellesley.1. funeral obsequies of the late
_
Duke of VVelg
tin ton will form one of the most mag-
nificent and impressive of public ceremonies, Al-
ready popular is the anxiety aroused as to the man-
ner of the celebration, and human ingenuity eagerly
endeavouring to render the outward manifestation
worthy of the inward sentiment of sorrow and esteem.
The occasion must be great and solemn that demands
the general lamentation of the English people, and
all-important must be the services of the man, and
sincere the veneration for his character, whose sudden
passing away from amongst us can cause universal
affliction and regret. Such is the mourning that
bends over the tomb about to receive the
mortal re-
mains of England's greatest hero. The lives
of its
illustrious citizens is the vitality of the commonwealth,
and the decease of its chief ornament robs it of one of
the brightest portions of its existence. At an honoured
and advanced age, in the harvest-field of life, rich in
the fruition of noble performance, when time could
barely claim a further respite, has the common
enemy of mankind, with
whom the hero had
stood face to face on Many a well-contested
field, at length prevailed against
The grey-
haired old man, the very impersonation of un-
challenged honour and inflexible duty, • will no more
thread the crowds that watched for his approach to
greet him with enthusiastic acclamations ; but his