The Sun.
London, England, 1864-09-27 00:00:00

!.11 27,

MAEX lIOWITT'S NEW NOVEL. ,
Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,
THE COST OF CAERGWYN.
By MARY IIOWITT.
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Greit Marlborough-street.

gilt) PERSONS SEEKING LANDED
EEIATES, TOWN AND COUNTRY RESIDENCES,
FREEHOLD AND LEASEHOLD INVESTMENTS, AND
PROPER VIES GENERALLY—
To BE HAD GRATIS, at the principal Railway Bookstalls
throughout the kingdom, or at the Auction and Estate Offices,
No. 67, Chancery-lane, London, Messrs. E. and 11. Lumley's
"FREE PROPERTY REGISTER," containing a varied selection
of landed and house properties now in the market, from
the nobleman's mansion, witll its manorial domain, to the
cottage with its few acres.
OWNERS OF PROPERTIES wishing to Sell or Let can em-
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affords, by sending the particu'ars of their properties to the
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where the property is of an eligible chara ter, thereby avoid-
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THERE IS NO CHARGE incurred, unless a tenant or pur-
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and :hen only the usual moderate commission.
Auction and Land Offices, 67, Chancery-lane, London.

income tax (including 5 per cont. on the paid up capital),
carrying forward a balance of £3,963 to the next account,
from which the income tax would have to be deducted. The
balance sheet to the 35th June showed a total on each side
of £1,090,730, including £200,000 paid up on shares, and
£500,000 raised on debentures.

The Reform in Poland.

ST. PETERSBURG, Sept. 22.

A rescript of the Emperor Alexander to Count
Berg has been published here, togathor with five
decrees, initiating extensive educational reforms in
Poland. As briefly stated by telegraph, the decrees
order the establishment of a university in Warsaw,
with a large number of superior, middle-class, and
elementary schools, and a free school for girls. Polled]
is to be the language in which instruction is imparted
to Poles, while special schools (Russian, German,
&c.) will be opened for the other natimnlities of the
kingdom. A sixth decree moderates the penalties cf
the criminal code and abolishes corporal punishment.
The rescript introducing the decrees is as follows :
" Deeming it indispensable for the progress of
the restoration of order in the kingdom of Poland
to continue and develop the organic reforms the
bases of which were laid down by the ukase of the
19th February (March 2), in the firm determine.
tion of maintaining the same, I desire that these
reforms may be carried out with unshaken perseve•
ranee, since it is not possible to secure a regular and
enduring development of the coantry without a
thorough rejuvenation of its social life. 'With this
object I have devoted especial care to the improve..
ment of the system of public instruction throughout
the kingdom. No branch of Governmental activity
demands in an equal degree such continued exer-
tions as this question of public instruction ; wherein
it is not until a hater generation that the healthy
seed ripens and bears fruit. For this pur-
pose I find it necessary to employ the first
days of re-established tranquillity once more in uu..
dertaking with renewed attention the task of alter-
ing and amending the system of public instruction,
which has already commenced, but has also been
interrupted by the late disturbances. The general
regulations sanctioned by mo on the Bth (20th) May
designate moral and religious instruction as the
basis of all educational establishments. By these
regulations classical instruction is appointed espe-
cially for the high schools, without, however,
abolishing the study of special branches of learning.
Entrance to all the educational establishments is
granted to all classes of society, without reference
to their social position or religious creed ; and the
number of the high and middle schools is con-
siderably increased, since to most of them a suffi-
cient means of existence is assured. These bases of
the regulation of 1862 must in future be faithfully
upheld. -While I accept them as au unalterable
point of departure, I fed it necessary to order the
following in reference to their further extension.
" 1. In view of the new situation in which the
rural population are now placed in an economical
and administrative point of view, it is urgently ne-
cessary to disseminate and establish primary instruc-
tion among them. On in this wise will they be
enabled to enjoy all the advantages of the new legis
elation, and at the same time to foam a powerful
support for the maintenance of peace and the pre-
servation of social order. Having perceived with
real satisfaction, from the reports sent in to me, that
almost the whole of the population clearly ucog-
nises the necessity of instruction, with confidence I
entrust to the latest formed communes the task of
increasing the number of schools and also of
providing them with the requisite means, and those
officials and others who aro more particularly con-
nected with the matter I order to devote their best
energies to its furtherance.
"Owing to their p3rsonal co-operation, it is to be hoped
that in a short space of thee a sufficient number of schools
will spring up and be formed, and thus efface one of the
most lamentable defects in the former educational system ut

Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,
QN AN D HE I It.
"The author may fairly congratulate herself on ha . ing
achieved a legitimate success."—Saturday Review.
"A. remarkable and brilliant novel. Every rage is attrac-
tive. We can give no idea of the power, beauty, and pathos
with which the story is told. It is one of the best novels of
1.11,; season."—llerald.
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlb3rough-street.

Naval and Military Intelligence.

The Select Ordnance Committee, recently appointed by
the Admiralty and the War Department to inspect and
report upon the improved systems of day and night tele-
graphing in military and naval operations, combined or in-
dependently of each other, have returned to town from the
lele of Wight. They
have completed their labours, with
the exception of the offieiel presentation of their report. The
committee arrived at Portsmouth on Tuesday last from
London, and, embarking en board her Majesty's paddle
steamer Pigmy, Master Commander Vine, left the same
afternoon for Ventnor, Isle of Wight, where they landed,
accompanied by Capt. Belton and Commander Colomb.
They proceeded thence to the signal station on St. Cathe-
rine's Down, near Blackgang Chine. It was to be made
the head-quarters of the committee during their stay in the
island, and become also the signalling head-quarters during
the intended exposition of the results of Capt. Bolton's and
Commander Colomb's labours for the information of the
committee. The signal station on St. Catherine's Down was
under the command of Capt. Bolton, and was furnished
with the Holmes magneto-electric light and Captain Bole
ton's field lime light, as supplied to the telegraphic corps
of the Royal Engineers for night signalling., and a Vene-
tian blind shutter apparatus and a set of naval code flags
for day signalling. Two men *f the Royal Engineer
telegraphic corps formed Captain Bolton's stuff. Ashy
Doren, 7i miles inland from St. Catherine's Down, was
another appointed station on the island, and one of the field
lime lights for night signalling, with a double collapsing
cone for day signalling, was stationed there in charge of
two men of the royal Engineers. At the semaphore
tower in Portsmouth dockyard, 141 miles from St. Cathe-
rine's Down, was placed a non-commissioned officer of the
Royal Engineers with two signalmen, in charge of a
field limelight for night signalling. Her Majesty's steamer
Pigmy was in charge of Commander Colomb, in posi-
tions oat seaward as required, and was fitted with one
of the magneto- electric lights (of the same description and
power as the one on St. Catherine's Down), a field lime light
and a flashing apparatus for night signalling ; a double col-
lapsing cone and a steam jet for day signalling. In The Sun•
of August 23 we gave a general description of the magneto
electric and lime lights, and the means of day signalling by
the cone, shutters, and steam jet. It is therefore only ne-
cessary on this occasion to draw attention to the fact that
Capt. Bolton and Commander Colomb'a system of signal-
ling may be said to be based on the "Morse" systems of
telegraphy, the long and short dashes in the printing of the
"Morse" message being efficiently and simply represented
in the Colomb-Bolton system by the length of time in
which the double collapsing cone, Venetian shutters, or any
other dark object is exhibited by day, or by the length of
time in which the magneto-electric and field lime lights on
shore, or the plain flushed lamp at sea, are exhibited by
night. Coloursare totally discarded in these signals, for the
reason that a plain white; light by night will transmit its
message to a much greater distance than any coloured light
possibly can do, at the same time that the apparatus is
simplified by the use of one kind of light only to a minimum
point; and a dark, opaque, such as the collapsing cone or
shutter apparatus, are preferable, for the same reasons, to
coloured flags by day. The steam jet signals remain to be
noticed. The efficiency of this mode of communication from
a vessel at sea to a headland on the coast was discovered in
a curious manner.- One day during the recent experiments
which have been carried out between Captain Bolton, on St.
Catherine's Down, and Commander Colomb, on board the
Pigmy out at sea, communication from the Pigmy became
very difficult owing to the distance from the land and the
peculiar state of the atmosphere. The hull of the Pigmy
could just be discovered at sea from the Down ; but it was
quite impossible to distinguish masts or yards, and there-
fore equally impossible to read any signal by the cone.
While she was being watched as she lay thus by Captain
Bolton and his party on the Down, three or four white
dashes (thrown off steam) of different lengths, stood out
roost prominently over the steamer's hull. against the dark
horizon in the background. These white dashes, or escaped
lengths of steal', furnished the hint for the stetunjet signal,
A steam vessel lying so far off from the land that, l'ke the
Pigmy, her ordinary mode of day signalling would be use-
less, can, by throwing off jets of steam, print t it her mes
eage in long and short daehee :spinet the darker background
over the horizon as certainly and as legibly as the eke lie
instrument ou shore prints off its dots and dashes on its
paper riband or tape. Ou Wednesday morning, the day
succeeding the arrival of the committee at St. Catherine's,
they were employed in discussing the reports banded in by
,captain Bolton and Commander Colomb, with which they
expressed the greatest satifrf tetion. On the afternoon of the
suite day her Majesty's ship Pigtoy proceeded to sea, and
when four miles off St. Catherine's commenced steaming
out slowly from ea the land and signalling
to (he committee
on St. Catherine's down with ordinary naval flogs. At 6}
miles' distance the fl :gs failed altogether, being thou at too
great a distance to be distinguishable from the Down, and
signalling was then commenced with the flashing system,
the shutter apparatus, the double collapsing cone, and steam
jets. It was kept up for sonic time at an average distance
of seven miles, and always at a greater speed than that
gained by naval flags at one-third the distance. On Wed-
nesday evening night signalling was commenced between
the down and the Pigmy,
12 miles at sea, with the lime
light, and was continued at a great speed up to the 14
miles' distance, when the magneto-electric light was
brought into play, and continued the signalling up to 17
miles, Messages were also forwarded direct to Portsmouth
dockyard, and answers received in return, and also to the
station on Ash-down ; but the most interesting portion of
the signalling was between the bold headland of St.
Catherine's and the Pigmy, out in the Channel. On
Thursday the committee
were employed in carrying
out experiments in field signals with Captains Bolton and
Colomb's apparatus, and rapid communication was kept up
at will, by day and by night, between two moving parties
two miles distant from each other. This concluded the ex-
pediments, and the committee expressed their warm approval
with all that had been submitted to them for examination.
It is understood that immediate measures will now bo taken,
on the recommendation of the committee, to introduce per-
manently the combined Colomb-Bolton system into the
army and navy as the
signal
future operations by land or by sea,
cenjunction with each other. code for both services in all
whether singly or in
In the article on Naval and Military Telegraphy which
supplied fAtuoge.v2ey
3risthei7 in the Channel fleet
s stated that " the
It should have read, " the lime
light flashing apparatus is now supplied to every ship, &c.
e
The light now used on board the Channel fleet is a plain
appeared
:hp nighttael ri
gelidhgthinitss,iTgushinoaoawwlSlSinlnu6' gpla.t"intervals in long or short flashes, to
represent the numerals in the naval signal book, by the
flashing apparatus invented by Commander Colomb.
screw
werc repairs,ory e t e
went easo
outt. A o
A. F.
R de
.
The Whaoylvinerginceo,m2pll, sd h
completed Ports-
mouth
Horsey,
llarbour yesterday and anchored at Spithead, where
she'awaits her sailing orders.
The Himalaya troopship, Capt, E. Lacey, has Completed
coaling. To-morrow she will embark the oth Regiment and
proceed to Plymouth, returning with the 31st Regiment for
Aldershott.
The sailing ship Clarendon, Captain Barclay, yesterday
hauled alongside the Woolwich pier and shipped shot, shell,
and other stores for St Helena.
The War Department cutter Alma, Capt. Spriddell, yes-
terday arrived at Woolwich from Carrickfergus and Dublin,
conveying a complete battery of Armstrong 9 pounder guns,
belonging to a battery of Royal Artillery embarked for
India. (1 B. Aid a
Col, W. J. Hopkins, Aide-dc-Cam to her Ma-
jesty, and newly-aPPointed Commandant of the Royal
Marino Division of Light Infantry at Woolwich, assumed
the duties of his post yesterday morning,
and afterwards
proceeded to the Admiralty. The inauguration, it is stated,
will be celebrated in a few days by a banquet to be given
by the officers of the division in their mess quarters, at
which Gen. Warde, C. 13.1 commanding the garrison, and
the whole of the officers will be invited.
The following appointments and promotions were made
yesterday at the Admiralty :—Lieut. A. T. J. Bullock, to
the Euryalus—lL R. J.Pearch, master additional, to the
Pembroke. for the Coastguard—Sub-Lieut. D. C, Stuart,
to the Princess Royal—A. M. S. Ci,a3trac, midshipman, to
the Black Prince—John Hancock (e) and William Crow,
eromoted to be engineers, and William C. Grahsm, pro-
ded to the Ist class aseist—engineer.

Now Ready, in Crown avo.,
FOOTPRINTS ON THE ROAD.
By CHARLES KENT.
Chapman and Hall, 193, Piccadilly.

FURNITURE, CARPETS, BEDDING, and
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CLERGYMEN and GENTLEMEN ABOUT TO FUR-
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A Six-roomed Parsonage £7l 3 0
An Eight-roomed ditto
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VRANCATEL LI'S COOK'S GUIDE.
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EVERYBODY'S PUDDING BOOK. 2s. 6d.
Richard Bentley, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.

This day is published, and may be had at all the Libraries,
in 3 vols„ post Bvo., price £1 lls. 6d ,
LORD OAKBURN'S DAUGHTERS.
By the Author of "East Lynne," " Verner's Pride," Lte.
London: Bradbury and Evans, 11, Bouverie-street, E.C.

BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE
fOr OCT., 1864. No. DLXXXVIII. Price 2s. W.

CO:i TENTS.
Cornelius O'Dowd upon Men and Women, and other Things
in General. Part IX.
Security on the "Rall."—Mountaineers and Ballooners.—
The Luxury of Liberty.—" Take care of the Pence, and
the Pounds will," Szo &c. &e.—Centenaries and Com-
memorations.—Personal and Peculiar.
Max Milner's Second Series.
The Life of Jesus.
Tony Butler. Part XIII.
In the Garden.
Symbols.
The Public Schools Report—lll. The London Schools.
Memoirs of Richard Whately.
Our Trade.
The Death of Speke.
William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London.

Brit u.
COB BETT and CO.. General House Furnishers. Deptford-
bridge, London. B.E.

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE,

GREAT NORTHERN.
This company has a staff of surveyors engaged in examin-
ing the country between Spoiling and Horbling, in Lin-
colnshire, with a view to the construction of a line between
those points.

Now ready,
THE
o. DU
OC B L N REVIEW,
No VI. for TOBER IPriCO Six Shillingi,
CONTENTS.
I. The Principles of 'B9.
11. The Christian Schools of Alexandr'a,
111. Hedwige Queen of Poland.
IV.. V Surnamesiv in Relation to the History of Society.
Unersity Education for English Catholics.
VI. Christian Art.
VII. Outlines of the Go Tel History.
ReformatoryVlll. Schools.
IX. Foreign Periodical Literature.
X. Notices of Books.
XI. Our Contemporaries —Quarterly, Edinburgh, Christian
Remembrancer, &C. &c.
*** Annual Subscription, 21s. per annum paid in advance.
A. few copies remain on hand of No. 1. to V., for which early
application should be made.
London : Burns and Lambert,l7 and 18, Portman-st., W.

SCOTTISH NORTH-EASTERN.
The half-yearly meeting of this company was held at
Aberdeen on Thursday, Mr Stirling in the chair.
The report, an abstract of which appeared the The Sun,
was taken as read.
The CHAIRMAN said he had very great pleasure in moving
the adoption of the report, because he night safely say it
was a satisfactory one, and this notwithstanding that they
had suffered a large loss by the opening of the Highland
line from Perth to Inverness. Nevertheless, owing to the
prosperity of the district they were able to show an increase
in the receipts of about £3,000, while the working expenses
were only £1,039 more than for the corresponding half of last
year. £3,400 had been expended in the renewal of tires
alone—an expenditure which he was sure the shareholders
would approve. Upon the general expenses there had been
a reduction of upwards of £l,OOO. It was very satisfactory
for the directors to be able to offer the shareholders an in-
creased dividend upon the old Aberdeen stock and on the
Scottish Midland stock, and to maintain the dividend upon
the Dundee and Arbroath stock. He should feel extremely
disappointed if the directors should hereafter be obliged to
propose a smaller dividend than that now proposed. (Hear.)
The report was then adopted, and the dividends recom-
mended therein were declared, on the Scottish Midland
stock, at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum—on the Aber-
deen stocks, at the rate of 35 per cent„ 6 per cont., and 7
per cent. per annum on the preference shares, and on the
Aberdeen Ordinary Capital Stock at the rate of 15 per cent.
per annum—on the Scottish North-Eastern Preference
Stock, at the rate of 45 per cent. per annum—on the Dun-
dee and Arbroath Preferential Stock at the rate of 5 per
cent. per annum—and on the Dundee and Arbroath Ordi-
nary Speck at the rate of 71 per cent. per annum.
Messrs. G. Birnie, A. Davidson, and G. Thompson, jun ,
were re-elected directors of the company.
The meeting was then made special, and it was agreed
to purchase a short lino of five miles in length to Carenyllie
Quarries for £12,000, rails and plants included, from Lord
Dalhousie. It was also agreed to subsaribo £25,000 to the
capital of Cried and Islctiven Junction line.
A vote of thanks to the chAirman and directors concluded
the, nroccc din It's.

CHEAP EDITION, price 25., This Day,
REV. ALFRED HOBLUSH AND HIS
CURACIES. By the Author of "Bella Donna."
John Maxwell and Co., Publishers, 122, Fieet-strict.

PARLIAMENTARY DESPATCII AND AGENCY OFFICE,
No. 5, Upper Charles-street, Parliament-street.
AN ANALYTICAL INDEX to the DIVISIONS
of the present SESSION (186-1) is in course of compila-
tion by Mr. GEO. M. MITCHELL, and will be ready for circu-
lation at the prorogation of Parliament. Th s work will
show members and ttrtr constituents how each member
voted, whether for or against public and private measures
dur•ng the session ; total number of times, with majorities
for and against, &c.
Subscription, One Guinea.
Members can have their Divisions for the whole Parlia-
ment in exten:o upon application to the above office.

Demy Svo., extra cloth. Gs. 6d.,
T JIFE : Its NATURE, VARIETIES, and
PHENOMENA. By LEO 11. GIIINDON. Third
Edition.
" Mr. Grindon's book has reached, but will not stop at, the
third edition. It is the work of a scholar, a Christian, and a
man of real t.clence."—Morning Herald.
" To those who delight in the exercise of their intellectual
powers, these very thoughtful and b. autifullY-written reflec-
tions will be a w,leome boon, and the source long afterwards,
we msy rest assured, of many fruitful meditations and plea-
sant memories." —Sun.
" The reader will find in it much thon,ht and much read-
ing. There is plenty to think up n, plenty to study, plenty
lo entertain."—lllustrated London News."

hitherto the education of women has been the sus,
ect of a few isolated measures and imperfect attempts
on
the part of the Government. It will, therefore, nose be
necessary to adopt a general system corr,spoiading- to the
wants of the different social classes, since the moral and
spiritual education of women is the best guarantee fur the
regular culture of future generations. As in this as well as
in the other branches of public education I intend to take
energetic, but at the same time judicious and progrce,iv.i
uteasurcs, 1 consider it necessary to c minimise at once by
the foundation of day-schools fur young girls in the most
important towns of the kingdom, similar to those ,shouts
which already exist in Russia and in Warsaw, and which
aro found to he so beneficial.
" 3. While the public educational establishments, and
more especially the high and middle-class schools, are orga-
nised by the Government, endeavours will particularly be
made to inculcate healthy views among youth, and to de-
volop a love for labour and for wise and solid instruction.
The authorities, without i ermitting themselves or others to
turn the hells of sc'ence into political clubs, must only keep
in view the unselfish service of civilisation. They must
constantly be engaged in improving public instruction in
Poland, and in raising the standard of education.
" 4. To this end, while offering the means of being in•
structed in the national language to the Polish youth, we
must also recollect that the population of the kingdom is
composed of different races and religions. Each of these
must be protected against every attempt at oppreseion' and
to carry out this it is before all things necessary to found
schools for each nationality, and besides this to establish
that in the common, and especially in the primary schools,
the instructicn shall be given in the language the
ma-
jority, , either Polish, Russ, or Lithuanian' according
to. the locality and nationality of its inhabitants.
of Russia in Poland must be fulfilled by .The.
s-
M
perfect impartiality towards all those elements observing
t
a
the population of the country is composed,
s o which
" Grounded on these general principles, I have this day
signed orders that regulations for the following 'objects be
drawn up. 1. For the prinaary.schools in the kingdom of
Poland, 2. For the female gymnasia and the preliminarygym
gymnasia in the same kingdom. 3. For the Russian gym-
nasium in Warsaw. 4. For the German school of the Evan-
gelical doctrine in Warsaw. 5. For the organisation of the
school directorate. Thus while I commission you with the
execution of this:ukase, I am certain that by the measures
you will adopt for that purpose, and especially by the choice
of experienced and conscientious men, you will exactly and
completely carry out my views. The people's school I en-
trust to the especial care of the organisation committee of
the kingdom. At the same time I request that so soon as
possible they may lay before me propositions in accordance
with the above rules for the further development and alte-
ration of all the high and middle-class schools throughout
the kingdom. For this purpose I deem it necessary to give
them the following instructions :-1. The elementary agri-
cultural schools shall be reorganised in accordance with my
ukase of the 19th February 1861 (2d March), and also with
that sanctioned by me this day. 2. A curriculum of in-
struction shall be introduced at: the primary schools, and
one or more of these curricula shall be specially for the
the
Russian or the Lithuanian population ; and faher,
best means shall be sought out whereby teachers shall be
educated for the higher schools. 3. The special district
shoals shall be altered into gymnasia with seven classes;
the general district schools to become preliminary gym-
II
nasia, the one for the study of practical learning, the
other for classical knowledge. 4. The Lyceum at Lublin
is to be converted into a gymnasium, where the course
of study shall be of an essentially classical natusrA e.
This shall also be the case in all Polish gymnasia. .
proposition for the conversion of the high school
be drawn
at War-
saw into a university shall, so soon as be possib
up and handed in, wherein the best means of preserving the
rights and privileges belonging to a Russian university shall
be stated, and with due regard to the local demands. 6.
Lastly, the definitive establishment of the institute in War-
saw, "Alexander and Marie," for girls, shall at once be
taken in hand, as well as the special schools already exist-
ing, or those in process of formation, such as the agricul-
tural and the forest school, in accordance with instructions
hereafter to be issued.
" I offer, therefore, to all the inhabitants of the kingdom,
without reference to their station, their origin, or their re-
ligion, the means of imparting to the new
theeducation; fructifyin
tivity of study may preserve the Polish youth from at-
tempting those senseless and foolhardy attempts which
have not only caused so much unappiness, but have als,)
until now prevented the improvement and advancement of
`he whole country,"

London : F. Pitm tn, 20, Piternoster-row, E.C.

Crown Bvo., cloth, 400 pages, price 55.,

HIDDEN SPRINGS. By the Rev. J.
PARKER, of Manchester.
" The sermons of Dr. Pa, ker are espec•al y noticeable for
clearness of thought and language. All seems as if it were
written with a pendl of light. . . . N Lure is every-
where in the ascendant, and hence its matchless force . . .
There is no speakin r for speak ug's sake, no display of any
kind ; every word is an arrow directed to the mark."..Bri-
tish Standard. •
London : F. Pitman, 21, Paternoster-row, E.C.

AN EXTRSORDINARY BEGGING LETTER.—The
ever received. They form a comp
Message,- du Midi states that Baron de Rothschild
the number
ri t iser
w one
ou
would
d lately
engage
wtohtohwe
possesses
tfhhetihsveelirwiy.e
to
o the collection
ag e o
fo beggingflsoyc.
tsheraitesa.nyAfimnoanngcier
ars . letters
Te rhse
bbhaaergocanot
e,uicltdeo noptfarisonol i,ono!tempting proposition that for the
following is the baron's reply :—" Sir,—lt has frequently
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give a sum of money. Yon are certainly the first that has
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proposition is, without doubt far better, and more humane.
But my religion teaches me that we are all under the hand
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from His decrees. My refusal, moreover, does not in any
way attack your discovery, from which
you will not fail, I
hope, to profit yourself, Regretting that I cannot accede
to your proposal, I sincerely congratulate you on the 150
years which you are called on to live in this world.—
, Accept, &c., J, DE ROTHSCUILD."

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PIZICE

to the Poles.

mos.
,4d.

ITAMPEa.....Sd.

proclamation of the National Government

WARSAW, Sept. 21.
The National Polish Government has recently
addressed the following proclamation to the na-

NEIN S rIBPER
, _ ,•-- '.,---,,,,
,-----r j.. 2-5 ,
-. ,..,,...„,
isli,-:9z,K,-,.. 1:1-
Walter Savage Lan 10.4,-,-.7.--74- 4/
<A,tts--1- ri t i.
.

''-"TODA

The friend of Southey, the enemy of 133iiivr Ititer
Savage Lander—poet, scholar, epigrammatist, and politi-
cian—has died in his ninetieth year. His bast poems had
been written in Italy when ho was a gentleman of leisure,
a man of fortune---honoured by all who knew him. The
last productions of a genius which was at one time great
v. ore publications scurrilous and discreditable, When one
remembers the brilliant successes achieved by Walter
' Savage Landor in the field of literature, it is melancholy

to think of so illustrious a lifo being closed in a shameful

obscurity.

Walter Savage Landor came of an old Warwickshire
family. He was born at Ipsley Court, in that county, Jan.
iO, 1775. He was educated at Rugby and Trinity College,
Oxford; but, having been "rusticated" for firing a gun in
Trinity quadrangle, he did not think it worth his while to

ties :
" After nineteen months of desperate struggle
rgainst all the power of Russia, assisted by her ac-
complices in the murd.sr of Poland, end encouraged
by the indiff,rence of the West, our insurrection is
weakened and our ranks are thinned.
" o‘-er the tombs of 50,000 heroes slain in battle,
along roads furrowed by the wheels of the hibiCias
which have borne 100,000 of our martyrs to Siberian
snows, above the ruins of thousands of burnt towns
and villager, the invAcr intones a hymn of triumph
and redoubles his barbarian rage. He intones a
perfidious and a tying hymn, the chorus of which is
applauded by the accomplices of Russia, conspiring
for our fall, who all repeat, The struggle is ended,
and Poland is no more
" In this terrible and supreme moment, we, the
Government, strong in, our faith in the power, the
rights, and the future of the nation, full of confi-
dence in its devotion, feel it our duty to raise our
voices to you, the Polish people, to refute and con-
found those who desire to make you again descend
into the tomb—to unveil to you, without shrinking,
your most hideous scars—to bring you face to face
with the faults that have been committed—to show
you the still untouched elements of your strength--
to mark out for you the road along which the Na-
tional Government—the faithful guardian of your
itnprescriptible rights—has resolved to guide you,
and at the end of which are independence, liberty)
equality, and fraternity.
"In taking up arms upon the 22d of January,
1863, Poland neither reckoned upon foreign assist-
ance nor upon diplomatic measures which should
not be supported by any effective force.
"The nation knew that its right and its duty is
to be independent. It felt that there is no power
in the world capab!e of riveting 40 millions of arms
in eternal chains. The nation had faith in its own
strength, and it arose.
" The first act of the national authorities was to
restore to the people its own property, and by that
act the Government at once showed the source
whence the insurrection ought above all to derive
its strength and its resources. But before the in-
surrection, unprovided with arms, had succeeded in
developing itself, before it was able to bring into
action the masses which burned to enter the lists,
those who had first given the signal for the contest
were no longer in existence to direct it.
" For the spirit of devotion and the burning faith
of these heroes and martyrs, their successors eubsti•
toted wretched expedients to make head against the
enemy and direct the insurrection. They doubted
the power of a nation of 20 millions of men—they
doubted the patriotism of the Polish people !
"The insurrection was changed into an armed
demonstration ; the nation was asked to expend its
property and to shed its blood with the sole object
of bringing about and obtaining foreign interven-
tion by force of pity.
" Then began that singular direction for which it
would be difficult to find any other explanation.
Every hep 3 and every plan was based upon the
intervention of the West, upon the fantastic alliance
of the perfidious of our neighbours, who, by bring-
ing forward the six points, was to negotiate with
the Czar, not the liberty of the country, but a
partial and monstrous autonomy, in which it would
have been equally impossible fur the nation to live
and to die.
"Within the country the conflict degenerated
into a struggle deprived of plan and aim, prolonged
frees day to day, fAbendontAl to individual tflJrts,
fflittzont the intention or desire of transforming it
into a great and powerful natioual war, as It it had
been desired to convict the nation of impotence,
bt CAUBO its real force was not believed in.
" The act of the 221Linuciry soon became nothing
more Glen a vague and illusory bore, either beeuse
it was nut known how, or because it was not desired
t) call to at ma all the pnple ot Piusk, following
the traditions of our ancestors. N 3 W, the AI usco-
vites are transpotting, this bum people by thou-
sands to Siberia. Either our leaders did not know,
or they did not dare to ask, of the people the sacri-
fices required for a great national war which should
decide upon its life or death, and now the Musco-
vite is ruining it and wresting from it millions.
They did not believe in the people ; they distrusted
the people. The fault was terrible. And yet the
people have repulsed the treacherous favours of the
Czar, and wait only for direction and command.
" Men with sinister voices would like to persuade
the nation that it is crushed and annihilated! Let
them look at the gibbets upon which the corpses of
fresh martyrs to liberty are suspended daily ; let
them look at the tombs, whose numbers every day
increase, which testify to the self-styled domination
of the oppreesor; let them say the struggle is at an
end!
" People of Poland, the struggle cannot cease. To
ask pardon of the Czar would be infamy and base-
ness of which you aro not capable.
"The struggle must continue because the Czar has
sworn to exterminate our nationality, our religion,
and language. The more our arms are humbled the
more the Muscovite redoubles his rage. No war could
cost us as many victims as the interruption of the
conflict. The Czar does not make war; it is the
annihilation of our indomitable nation he pursues in
his insensate fury.
" Death upon the field of battle and liberty—were
it only for our children—or death upon the gibbet,
a slow agony in the Siberian snows and misery in
exile ; this is the choice which remains.
" We have suffered great losses, endured great
sorrows ; but the work of redemption can only be
accomplished by great sacrifices. On the other
hand, we have grown in heart and in soul ; we have
acquired experience, we know henceforth whence
arises impotence, whence strength. The groans of
our sisters and mothers beaten by our executioners,
the tears of our brothers dragged indiscriminately
into eternal exile, the creaking of the gibbets which
bend under the weight cf the corpses of the noblest
sons of Poland, resound in the ears and in the heart
of the nation like the trumpet calling to battle, des.
perate battle, battle for life and death !
" He who wishes repose and remains deaf to the
call is infamous or a traitor ! But you, 0 Polish
people! you hear and you will rise ; you must rise
for the final combat, and the day when the Polish
nation rises in its might victory will be secure.
"In this difficult situation the National Govern-
ment only sees a period of transition ; the second
portion of the war is about to commence—the
popular war. To fulfil its mission it will display
all its resources, it will recoil before nothing, it will
neglect nothing ; and this is, consequently, its admi-
nistrative duty. It will not hesitate nor slacken in
,his course, and woe to those who shall dare to op-

return to the university for the purpose, of taking a degree.

He waa rather changeable in his notions of a profession

The army he was supposed to jai!), and ho inclined. The
law next cffered him its attractions, and 1.1.2 renounced

them. deterwined to devote himself to literature.
In 1802 he visited Pitrie, end ab:,ut the time of his visit
Napoleon was made Consul ter life. On his return he spent
07,000 in improving his Monmouthshire property (Llan-
thony Abbey); but, in 1806, one of his tenants absconded,
and in disgust he parted with the property which had been

in his family for 7i.,0 years.
In 1808 Mr Landor toJk part in the Spanish insurrec-
tion against Napoleon, and he was the first Englishman
who went to the assistance of the Spanish patriots. He
raised a body of troops at his own cipense, conducted them
from Corunna to Aguilar (the headquarters of Gen. Blake,
viceroy of Galicia), presented 20,003 reals to the cause, and
was appointed colonel in the Spanish army for his liberality.
He resigned hie commission on the restoration of King
Ferdinand and the subversion of the constitution framed by
the Spaniards during their struggle for independence. He
declared that, " although he was willing to aid the Spanish
people in the assertion of their liberties against the antago-
nist of Europe, he would have nothing to do with a per-
jurer and a traitor." _ _ .

Mr Landor's reputation was made by " Gebir," which ho
published at the age of twenty-three. So'ithey, as is well
known, thought most highly of it, and spoke as he thought.
In 1815 Mr Landor (who had in 1811 married Julia Thuil..
her de Malaperte, a daughter of the Baron de Nieuveville,
a descendant and representative of the nobleman of that
name who had been first gentleman of the bedchamber to
Charles VIII.) resided in Italy, occupying first the Medici
Palace at Florence, and, secondly, a villa and gar 'ens which
he had purchased of Count Gherardesce, at Fiesole. At
Pisa, in 1820, Mr Landor produced his " Idyllic Ileroica,"
with an appendix in Latin prose on the reasons why the
modern Latin poets were not generally read by scholars.
From 1824 to 1829 ho delighted English society with his
" Imaginary Conversations"—classical, scholarly, and
tasteful papers. In 1831 appeared "Count Julian, and
other Poems."
Ralph Waldo Emerson, who visited London about this
time, has given a characteristic description cf him. " I
had inferred," he says, "from his books, or megnified from
some anecdotes, an impression of Achilleah wrath, an un-
tameable petulance. Ido not know whether the imputa-
tion was just or not, but certainly on this day his courtesy
veiled that haughty mind, and he was the most patient and
gentle cf hosts. He carries to its height the love of freak,
which the English delight to indulge in, as if to signalise
their commanding freedom. lie has a wonderful brain ,
deopotic,violent, inexhaustible, meant for a soldier—by what
hence converted to letters, in which there is not a style or
tint unknown to him." Southey says of Landor—" That I
have obtained his approbation as a poet, and preserved his
friendship as a man, will bo remembered among the hon.
ours of my life when the petty enmities are forgotten, and
ephemeral reputations have passed away. Landor's Eng-
lish has been strangely undervalued, sometimes savagely
attacked in reviews; but year after year scholars must go
to Landor for a multitude of elegant sentences, for wisdom,
wit, and indignation unforgetable."
In 1835 Mr Landor published " Pericles and Aspasia,"
" Satire on Satirists and Admonitien to Detractors," and
" Letters of a Conservative, in which are shown the only
means of Saving what are left of the English Church ;" in
1837 appeared " Pentameron and Pentalogia ;" in 1839,
" Andres of Hungary and Giovanna of Naples ;" in 1818,
" Hellenics ;" in 1851, " Popery, British and Foreign ;"
in 1853, " Last Fruit from an Old Tree."
Walter Savage Landor was a man of high genius, but an
irritable, cantankerous, impetuous person—" genus irrita-
bile vatum," Tom Moore, in 1838, wrote of him, " Savage
Lander is a very different man from what I expected to find.
He has all the air and laugh of a hearty country gentleman
—a pos rejoui—and whereas his writings had given me
rather a disrelish to the man, I shall take more readily now
to his writings from having seen the man." Larder was
one of the most eminent scholars in Eurepe ; even at Rugby
he was too clever to remain iu the school as a buy ; his
scholarship was of the higheet class, and even to his later
years his flee Raman hend " could be discovered in
Latin epigrams and poems innumerable in a wall known.
,wc, kly paper.
Whatever cloud has overshadowed his declining years, the
name of Walter Savage Landor will always be remembered
itlt respect and regard by all Euglishmen who admire
mains, though they may regret its perversion.—Alga Wiry

The Great Polish TOal at Berlin.

The independent Prussian press is dai:y showing greater
Itteresi• iu this trig', and the Yolkszeitung is publishing a

scrics of articles on the subj,,ct. In its number of the 15th

inst. it points out the baseltssness of the assumption of the
prosecution, that "the ultimate object of the struggle with
Russia was the seizure of the province of Posen front
Prussia," no proof whatever having, as yet, been brought
forward of such having been the case, and the participation
of the people of Posen in the Polish insurrection being as
intelligible as that of the people of England in Garibaldi's
Neapolitan campaign, or that of Germans in the liberation
of Schleswig-Holstein. Groat hopes were entertained,
during the past week, that the majority of the accused
would be liberated, but the persistence of the prosecution
and the Court in prolonging the proceedings to the utmost

possible limit in every case renders it probable that many
months will yet elapse before the trial is ended.
The sitting of the 14111 inst. was occupied by the exami-
nation of witnesses in the cases of M. K e:zutski, the Rev.
S. Rymarkiewicz, and Dr. Nicklewaki. Some Prussian
soldiers stated that M. liosvutski had endeavoured to per-
suade them to join the insurgents, and ha 1 sent arms to the
frontier, but they appeared doubtful of his identity. N.
Elven then proposed that he should be liberated, but the
proposal was rejected on the ground that his case was con-
nected with that of another prisoner named Szezaniecki.
The Rev. S. Rymarkiewicz, accused of having been an
active member of the Polish party of agitation, was then
examined. He denied having had anything to do with
political matters, as also did Dr. Nikleweki, who, however,
admitted that he had wished to give the insurgents medical
aid, which he hoard they had been much in want of. The
witnesses were then celled, and all stated to the president
that they had never been sentenced by a court of justice.
M. Elven, however, proved that one of them had been four
weeks in prison for theft, and submitted that his evidence
be rejected. The president said the Court would decide,
but begged M. Elven not to take the Court by surprise in
this manner. M. Elven rejoined that often he could not
prove the untrustworthiness of a witness except by convict-
ing him of a falsehood before the Court.
Radomski, a gardener, then stated that it had been said
in societies at which the priest Rymarkiewicz was present,
that the Prussians would be attacked alter the Russians
had been conquered. He also said he had seen the priest go
to Slaboszewo on the 15th April last, the day on which the
insurgent expedition left.
On the 16th inst. the hearing of witnesses in this case
was continued. A maneservant, named Roczak, and a
woman named Nankowska, deposed that they had seen the
priest Rymarkiewicz on his estate during the whole of the
day of the 15th April, so that he could not have gone to
Slaboszewo,
Messrs Elvcn and Lent then proposed the liberation of
the priest Rymarkiewicz, Dr Nikleweki, and the merchant
Zapalowaki, of Posen, accused of having sold gunpowder
to M. Zorawski.
The Court allowed the liberation of Dr Niklewski, but
postponed that of the others.
The case of M. S. de Szezaniecki then came on. He ac-
knowledged that he had acted as president of a savings
bank, which he considered an institution of great value to
the prosperity of the country, and incompatible with a time
of insurrection ; but he belonged to no political society, and
had not received any appointment as commissioner. The
reports and other documents put in by the prosecution were
not in his handwriting.
M. Lewald proposed that the accused should be liberated.
The Court reserved its decision.
L.lde Sz,zanieeki, brother of the above, was next
ex.:mined, Ile denied having acted iu any c ipacity in the
n and expressed his regret th it illness did not
peerumrt e c
htii
o so. He had 13(1 knowledge whatever of
icsiene against Piussiaa. He had beuebt 12 saddles,
any
it 7 ,
t
but they were for his own men, not for the insurgents.
Lewald moved the liberation of the prisoner.
The Court decided that both M. S. do Szez.iniecki and
his brother were to be still detained, and then adjourned to
he 19th last.

pose it!
" In applying all its efnrts to the accomplishment
of its task; the Government only reckons upon the
forces of the nation, but it will accept the fraternal
support and the sympathies of the peoples.
" The holy Alliance of despots and civilisation,
tho old rule of brute force, and the eternal right of
humanity are now face to face. Polish people, you
who were foremost in the breach for &fence ciChrs-
tianity, are now once more the first tout enge thously''
rights of humanity and of liberty, age
violated in you. Your mission comes from God ;
your salvation is in your own hands. Polish people,
people great through the brotherly love by which
you are inspired, you must not now chastise the
faults of the past, but found and secure the future.
"G Jd will not abandon you, because you are called
upon to be the ramparts of liberty agaiost the bar-
, barism of the North. it is acros3 your ruins, your
ire.gments, Russia desires to march to the conquest
i of Europe. But Sou will not perish; persevere,
therefore, and be of good Lteart."

Alm. GL.A.DSTONE IN EDINIII7e,C-71—Thc,, (man_
((senor of the Eseheciaer rt.:iced in Eli;ilinrgh from
Penn:men-Mawr on Friday night nn his wily t' relieve
Earl Russell in attendance upon the Q.teett Lt Balmoral.
110 remained in Edinburgh until next (SatnrJay) evening,
and was the guest. of Dean Ramsay, At mildly on Sa-
turday ho attended a meeting of the curators of the Uni-
versity, and presided also at a meeting of the University
Court, at which all the members were present. la the
afternoon Mr Gladster e, gec,;:mparic-i by the 1,,::l Provrtst,
ir William Cilbson-Cra;g, 13,,.rt., and fl id :1/41urt., Esq.,
M.P., 'visited the Industrial Museum and itispet:ted the
new handbags. Mr Citadtoae lett by train fur the north
in the evening.