The Sun.
London, England, 1852-05-05 00:00:00

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.

TIII3 DAY ---'lforning 33 nun, after 2 ! Evening 56 tnin after 2
To-Mottaow—Morning 13 lain, titter 3 j Evening 39 min atter 3

THE WEATHER—Stag OFFICE, MAY 6.
TEILSATOMETEE, I.Wf THE SALT E.
50—highest since noon yesterday.
34--lowest this morning and during the night.
52—this day, at noon.

BAROMFaZiI, 30'23.
WI2iD E.N.E.—cloudy, with glimpses of sunshine.

DAILY WEATHER TABLE.

`late of the Wind and Weather at each of the following
p%ces at Nine o'clock yesterday morning.—The stations
are arranged in order of latitude.
PLYMOUTH—Wind E., gentle breeze—partially cloudy.
Polersmourn—Wind N.E., gentle breeze—partially cloudy.
Ge.—Wind N. F. gentle breeze—partially cloudy.
Sonmaafrrox—Wind N W., strong breeze—partially cloudy.
FOLKESTONE—Wind N.E., gentle breeze—partially cloudy.
TUNBRIDGE—Wind gentle breeze— cloudless.
GREENWICH—Wind N.. gentle breeze—partially cloudy.
STZOOD —Wind N.E ; gentle breeze—partially cloudy.
Swnvixylv—Wind N.E., gentle breeze—overcast.
COLCHESTER—WaId N., gentle breeze—partially cloudy.
C.kwnningz—Wind N., strong breeze—partially cloudy.
The returns from the following places indicate the state of
the wind and weather on Monday morning at nine
o'clock :
Ltatantor—Wind W. calm—cloudless,.
CRIAD'Wind N.W., gentle breeze—cloudy.
yutraxgen—Wind E., calm—partially cloudy.
Poo—Wind S., gentle breeze—cloudless.
Litianros—Wind E. calm—cloudless.
Lo
rimma—Wind gentle breeze—very One.
CasTKEt,—Wind W., calm—overcast.
Vv arraY— vVind N., gentle breeze—foggy.
Mnimtrarozv—Wind W., gentle breeze—rain.
S N.W, calm —overcast.
At the Royal ObsTrTatorY,----
Greenwich, the mean daily
reading of the barometer was above 30 in, on Tuesday ;
the mean of the week was 29-765 in. The mean tem-
perature of the week was 48in.6%which is rather below the
average of the same week years. The mean daily
temperature Was below the average on Sunday, Tuesday,
Wednesday, and Saturday, and abovee
it
Thurs-
day, and Friday. It was lowest on Tuesday,onMondhayn it,
only 42•5 Q
was E
, and highest on Friday, when it was 73!80 Thewas
general direction of the wind .
E.N.E. during the first
three days, then S.W., and on Saturday N.N.E.

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LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SAY 5, 1852.

According to Bkiekwood, there is already percep-
tible throughout the electoral districts of the United
Kingdom (perhaps in more senses than one) " the
hum of Preparation." According to accounts re•
calved from the opposite shores of the Atlantic, there
is evident almost the same activity in the United
States. With ourselves, however, the object held in
view is sufficiently pacific, whereas that kept in sight
by the American Congress is unquestionably warlike,
Every one is by this time aware that the intention of
the United States is to send an expedition forthwith
against Japan, for the purpose of extorting from its
Government some concessions at once social, poli-
tical, and commercial ; and while driven to this ex-
tremity it is expected that the barbarians may be
curnpelled to expiate in some measure the crimes they
ave long perpetrated with impunity. Those crimes
(it is notorious) have outraged all the most sacred
Principles of humanity during a period extending
over the best portion of two centuries. From some-
where about the middle of the seventeenth century the
-"asts of Japan have been closed inexorably against
all foreigners g hatsoever. Tempests might drive the
unfortunate- roario,-_,rs from niwe civilCzal countries
up'llth°4e Pitiless re gloss where man exercised more
terrible cruelty than theWPryehments, and supposing
the vessels became involved in the hurricanes of those
treacherous seas, they were almost irresistibly
doomed to destruction. X° assistance was ever
afforded them by the Ja„a
r nese ; and whenever the
al-dp failed to live through the foil weather, it was
'wrecked upon the shores of the island the few
survivors being seized ee soon a 8 they had crawled
exhausted from the W4YBC-;‘ thieuPon thrown
into dung•eons;kexhibited in iron cages, and
subjected to the mos uititni4i
P barbarous execution, tell,

~

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after year, in the stormy season, month by month,
week by week, and sometimes day by day, these
horrid atrocities have been perpetrated without hin-
drance upon those who were unhappily driven upon
Ithe sea-bound frontiers of Japan. The Dutch alone
have been exempted from the tyrannical laws which
have thus forbidden other nations to set foot upon the
soil peopled by the Japanese, permitting merchants
from Holland alone to trade with the inhabitants of
Japan, and that only at stated periods, and at the
port of Nangasaky. Subjected as the whalers from
the United States have peculiarly been to the mise-
ries resulting from these despotic and detestable
regulations, the Congress has at length decided upon
vindicating the majesty of the Republic, upon in-
sisting that the rights of nations, so long despised and
violated, shall be at length recognised, upon aveng-
ing the crimes of two centuries by a sudden
and overwhelming onslaught, and upon setting
aside by these means, at once and for ever, the prohi-
bition against any intercourse between the rest of the
world and the Japanese. Several evenings since we
described the nature of the plan by which the Ameri-
can Government purposes to carry out this noble and
(considering its object) humane enterprise. The
vessels of the expedition are already preparing, and
meanwhile documents relating to :allay past negotia-
tions with Japan—documents extending from the
28th of Oetober, 1832, to the 10th of May,
1852—have been laid upon the tables of Con-
gress. An extract from the letter of President
• FILLMORE to the Emperor of JAPAN, for which we
are indebted to the New York Herald of April 21,
1852, runs as follows :—" I send you, by this letter,
an envoy of my own appointment, an officer of high
rank in his country, who is no missionary of religion.
He goes by my command to bear to you my greet-
ing and good wishes, and to promote friendship and
commerce between the two countries. You know
that the United States of America now extend
from sea to sea; that the great countries of
Oregon and California are part of the United
States ; and that from these countries, which are
rich in gold and silver and precious stones, our
steamers can reach the shores of your happy land in
less than twenty days. Many of our ships will
now pass in every year, and some perhaps in every
week between California and China; these ships
must pass along the coasts of your empire ; storms
and winds may cause them to be wrecked
on your shores, and we ask and expect from your
friendship and your greatness, kindness for our
men and protection for our property. We wish
that our people may be permitted to trade with
your people, but we shall not authorise them to break
any law of your empire. Our object is friendly
commercial intercourse, and nothing more. You may
have productions which we should be glad to buy,
and we have productions which might suit your
people. Your empire contains a great abundance
of coal ; this is an article which our
steamers, in going from California to China,
must use. They would be glad that a
harbour in your empire should be appointed
to which coal might be brought, and where they
might always be able to purchase it. In many other
respects commerce between your empire and our
country would he useful to both. Let us consider
well what new interests may arise from these recent
events, which have brought our two countries so near
together, and what purposes of friendly amity
and intercourse this ought to inspire in the hearts of
those who govern both countries." Such were the
moderate terms in which the ruler of Japan was
addressed by the PRESIDENT of the United States ;
but all the moderation, all the reason, all the justice
in the world, prove ineffectual when employed
towards barbarians. The only argument to be used
now, therefore, by the American Government is the
argument of marine artillery.
Precisely at such epochs the interest of the intel-
ligent becomes enhanced in reference to particulars
collected heretofore by the more adventurous among
foreign travellers. As the very nature of the facts
already enumerated sufficiently well indicate, Japan
has been nearly a 3 much an unpenetrated mystery as
China was prior to the descent made upon its coasts
by the English. Fortunately, however, one work at
least, comprising a remarkable fund of information re-
lating to the island and its inhabitants, has been sub-
mitted to the public by the editor of the en-
thralling narrative of an officer in the Russian navy,*
the incidents of whose captivity, with several com-
panions, invest his volumes with a peculiar and irre•
sistible fascination. From the pages of Captain
Goeowere a remarkable insight is obtained into
the manners and customs of the Japanese ; and in
the new and revised edition of his work, re-
cently published by Mr. Coreame, there are
given a variety of important details, showing the
value of opening up commercial transactions
with Japan, these particulars being condensed
into a preliminary chapter, serving very ad-
mirably the purpose of an " Introduction."
A. country like Japan, presenting to the mercantile
world almost inexhaustible stores of coal, hemp,
wool, rice, cotton, brimstone, dyestuffs, and indigo, to
say nothing of their elegant and ingenious (so-called)
japanned manufactures, is surely one capable of de-
V7sloping its own resources, and with them the re.
sources of other countries, by the exchange of those
productions for such articles as broad cloths,
black, yellow, and red ; fine baizes of the
same colours, well napped; serges ; silk grograms
and camblets ; velvets; musk, sold for its weight
in silver ; India❑ cloths, satins, damasks,
Holland cloths, diaper, thread of all colour.,
carpets for tables, gilded leather painted
with pictures and flowers ; painted pic-
tures, especially those representing battles by sea or
land ; quicksilver, vermilion, paint and cosmetics ;
copper, in plates ; lead in small bars, lead
in thin sheets ; tin in blocks, iron, steel,
tapestry, leaf-gold, gold-twist, or sewing
gold ; sugar in candy: and in powder ; gauzes,
raw silk, silk thread ; glass of all kinds ; salt ; blank
paper books; Spanish soap, amber; silk stockings,
fine leather, glove leather; candle-wax, honey, pep.
per, spices, drugs, especially columbo root; coloured
wood for cabinet ware ; elephants' tusks, harts-
horn gilded ; rock alum, &c. By turning to the ro-
mantic, but at the same time, we believe, strictly veraci-
ous chapters of Captain GOLOWNIN it will be perceived
yet more clearly how far benefits may be reaped by
the commercial nations of Christendom on the re-
moval of the taboo hitherto placed by their own
rulers on Japan and the Japanese.

" Japan and the Japanese, comprising the Narra-
tive of a Captivity in Japan, and an Account of British
Commercial Intercourse with that Country." By Cap
tain Golownin, of the, Russian Navy. Now and revised
Edition. 2 Vols. Lotidon: Colburn and Co., 1552.

Whatever differences of opinion may exist as to the
propriety of admitting persons professing the Jewish
religion to seats in either House of Parliament, there
can be none whatsoever as to the justice of relieving
Alderman SALOMONS from the fearful disabilities to
which he may be exposed should judgment be finally
given against him—disabilities which, if enforced,
would henceforward render him little better than an
outlaw, making him, in fact, as stated by Lord
CAMPBELL, carry about with him a caput lupinum, so
that he might be knocked on the head with impunity.
The Bill last night brought forward by Lord
LYNDHURST in the House of Peers has nothing
whatsoever to do with the question of
ma nctieprafteiroen, nor does it in any degree
p
with the point now sub judice.
Ijeetrluciic
will
e
evenlleor In
leave the pecuniary penalties untouched,
so that if the judgment of the Court of Exchequer'
be confirmed, the Honourable Gentleman will be
compelled to pay the sum of 500/. with the full costs
of the suit. He would incur a similar charge for
being
orsevery
~ offence
time
be sat and voted in the House of CAD.
m penalties for the so-called
crlmulivivo. It is perfectly clear that this severe
ens tinent alone
would be amply sufficient to pre-
vent, any person from wilfully diregarding
i
its provisions. A seat n the popuar branch of the
Legiilatur- would be an exueAingly expensive
luxury if five hundred pounds sterling, exclusive of
costs, should be paid for everyday that its privileges
were exercised. No man in his senses would subject
himself to such a charge Eve for the purpose of
raising a doubtful and important legal point, and
placing it in train for adjudication before a compe-
tent tribunal. As the Noble and Learned Lord, by
whom the questicn was last night introduced, truly
remarked, the sole object of Alderman SALomors
wag, " after the various discussions on the subject in

the House of Commons, to place his case in such a
position as to obtain the opinion of a court of law
thereon ;" and " he conducted himself throughout
with as much propriety and decorum as was possible
under the circumstances." Nor was it a frivolous or
vexatious course, recklessly and hastily adopted ; he
had received the highest encouragement from per-
sons of great eminence and learning, who thought
that he had fully complied with the requisites
of the penal statute, and that the words " on the true
faith of a Christian" constituted a part of the form
only, and not of the substance of the oath, so that
they might lawfully
,be omitted. And even one of
our most distinguished Judges (➢Tr. Baron Manner)
was of the same opinion. It would therefore be
monstrous, if for the assertion of what was reasonably
supposed to be a legal right and privilege, the
Honourable Gentleman should be placed in such a
position as that described by Lord LYNDHURST, when
he said that_" any person offending against this Act,
besides the pecuniary penalties to which he was
liable, was disqualified from maintaining an action
at common law or a suit in equity. What-
ever violence he might suffer either in his
person or in his property, he was left entirely with-
out remedy. Any property belonging to him in the
possession of another might be withheld from him,
and any property in his possession might be taken
from him with impunity. No court of law, no in-
fluence of Government, nothing but the intervention
of Parliament could give him redress. In the next
place, a person in this position could not act as guar-
dian to an infant, however important it might be in
a moral or a physical point of view that the infant
should experience his care, attention, and protec-
tion. In the third place, a party offending
against this Act of Parliament could net receive a
legacy from any deceased friend or from any other
person. He could not receive a deed of gift of any
property whatever. Further, he could not be either
the executor or administrator of any person what-
ever. He was also rendered incapable of holding
any office or of giving a vote at any election." Is
there any person, however bigotted, who can assert
that such fearful penalties are proportionate to the
offence, if offence it be—that they are becoming the
middle of the 19th century, or should be permitted
longer to encumber the national statute-book ?
They are, in fact, the remnants of the barbarous
prejudices which existed in other times, when men
were denied the liberty of worshipping their CREATOR
in the manner which in their souls and con-
sciences they believed to be the most be-
coming and most acceptable to the DEITY.
They can now be only regarded as disgraceful
to the age in which we live, and should, for the sake
of public credit, be- expunged without a moment's
delay from the existing code.

The PREMIER fully acknowledged the propriety and
justice not only of repealing these objectionable
enactments, but of bringing in a special Act of in-
demnity for Alderman SALOMONS. His only doubt
was as to the time when such a proceeding would be
proper. His Lordship thought that the matter
should be postponed until the ultimate decision of the
suit—until the Honourable Gentleman should pre-
sent a petition representing the actual grievances
under which he was suffering, and not merely
the contingent consequences that might arise.
Now, we would suggest with all submission
to the Noble Lord, that great inconvenience
and annoyance might arise in consequence of the
Postponement. Should Alderman SALomoms find it
necessary to become a suitor to any of our legal or
equitable tribunals, he would be utterly de-
barred from obtaining the relief to which
be might otherwise become entitled. Should
he become entitled to any legacy, it would
be absolutely forfeited and become the property of
another person or persons, who might object to the
ex postfucto legislation that would strip them of what
would then be their property according to the existing
All these difficulties would be avoided by fol-
lowing the course indicated by Lord LYNDHURST,
while the passing of the Bill, which was last night
read for the first time, would.have no effect one way
or other on the now pending appeal from the judg-
ment of the Court of Exchequer.

VICE-CHANCERY.—(THIS DAY.)
(Before Vica-Chancellor PARKER.)
THE RIVAL OPERA HOUSES.
LUMLEY v. WAGNER.
This cause haring been fixed to como on this morning,
the court was crowded some time before the time of
commencing business. The repeated delays and disap-
pointments which have occurred in tho course of this
case have not extinguished the curiosity of the public.
His Honour having disposed of several short causes and
claims, and the motion of " Lumley v. Wagner" having
been called on,

Mr. BETIIELL said, that as the affidavits in this case
were very long, and as they had only been submitted to
the other side on the previous evening, it was quite im-
possible that his Learned Friend should have made him-
self acquainted with them, and he must necessarily be
in the dark as to their contents. It was desired by
Mdlle. Wagner, or rather by Mr. Gye, that the fullest
possible opportunity should be given to Mr. Lumley
to bring forward any reply which he might think
necessary for the purpose of maintaining his own case.
What he should ask then would be to permit this C 230
to stand over until Friday, and to be set down at the
head of that day's paper. He understood that his
Learned Friend did not intend to file any more affidavits,
and if on his part any more were filed, he would take
care that copies should be furnished.
Mr. BACON said that he had copies of all the affidavits,
but not of the exhibits.

The VICE• CHANCELLOR said it was very desirable
that each party should come into court fully prepared
to go into the case, and he should therefore very wil-
lingly accede to the request of Mr. Bethell.
Atter a brief conversation between the parties, the
case was ordered to be at the head of the paper for
Friday morning.

SECONDARIES
—(THIS
(Before Mr. Secondary POTTER.)
FELLINGHAX U. KENT.
The plaintiff was described as of Chelsea, law agent,
and defendant as a conveyancer of the same place. 'The
action was brought to recover the sum of 61. 10s., the
balance of an account for work and labour done and
money paid on account of the defendant.
The defendant pleaded that he was not indebted.
On the part of the plaintiff it was proved that he had
paid 31. 15s. for defendant as a premium on a policy of
insurance, and the remainder of the claim was for at-
tendance at Judges' Chambers on summonses in an ac-
tion against defendant.

For the defendant it was contended, that under tho
6th and 7th Vic., c. 73, s. 35, no. person except a certi-
ficated attorney could commence, prosecute, or defend,
auy action, or recover for any fee, reward, or disburse-
ment, and any person so acting as an attorney should be
deemed guilty of contempt of court, and also be liable to
certain penalties. In reply it was urged that plaintiff
was acting merely as an agent, and that it was a common
practice at Judges' Chambers to hear agents.
The Learned SECONDARY said the Judges would not
allow it if they knew it; it was an irregularity of the
worst kind. It appeared to him that plaintiff had been
doing the work of an attorney, and could not recover;
but he was entitled to the amount paid on the in-
surance.
A verdict was then entered for 3/. 153.

MIDDLESEX SESSIONS.
(THIS DAY.)
John Mayhew, a builder, pleaded not guilty to an in-
dictment charging him with violently assaulting Janet
Trindall, on the 22d of March.
Mr. Metcalf appeared for the prosecution.
It appeared from the evidence of the complainant and
other witnesses that on the day named the prisoner went
to the Earl of Zetlani public-house, kept by the com-
plainant, and some words having ensued about the hus-
band of Mrs. Trindall having given a building job to
another builder, the prisoner was ejected from the house.
The prisoner after some time forced his way in, and at
once proceeded to the most gross and disgraceful vio-
lence. The prisoner took hold of a handful of her
hair, and pulled it completely out. Ho then
struck her four times, field knocked her
down twice and bit her head against the wall several
times. Some of the prisoner's confederates struck her
over the head and eyes with a trowel, and broke her
nose. In consequence of the severe bruises she had
been very ill ever since, and was in a bad state of health.
The prisoner had absconded at the time.
.Usher witnesses were called to prove that, hearing the
cries a" Murder," they went to the assistance of the
complainant, arid they als3 got several severe bruises.
Tho ASSISTANT th7DGE having summed up,
The jury found the prisoner Guilty, and he was sen-
tenced to six calendar months hard labour in the House
of Correction.

To-day is the 31st anniversary of the death of his
Grace the Duke of Wellington's imperial opponent, the Em-
peror Napoleon Bonaparte, when a grand funeral service will
be celebrated in the Church of the Invalides, at which
Prince Louis and
present. the chief military authorities will be

The following presentations have been made by
the Lord Chancellor :—The Rev. John Lockhart Ross, to the
Nic4rage of Avebury-with-Winterbourne Monkton, Wilts.
The Rev. Charles Trollope, to the Rectory of st. cuthbort
Bedford.