The Sun.
London, England, 1852-07-27 00:00:00

THE SU_N., LONDON, TUESDAY

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC. JOURNALS.

FROM illy MORNING RAPPIRS OF THIS DAY. _
TIMES.—The true claims of public men to public
honorer are extreme?* difficult to certify. Even in Tee
spent to the
hardly yet pi rhaps an agreement of opinion. tal rapid,
gretin chara&efe of the last century. there is
in the French revolution, were the changes of popular
sentireent that the Convention was tureen, for mere
decency's sake, to decree that no citizen should be re-
warded with national acknowledgments till ten years
after his decease. The canonization of a Popish .alnt
has been defered, we believe, by Pepe! ordinances, for a
still longer period of historical probation; and it needs
very little argument to show the propriety of the rule.
Yet, though barely two years have elapsed since the
death of it Robert Peel, we find his memory already
honoured by the spontaneoue tributes of a whole people,
and so uniform, indeed, has been the consult of admira-
tion, that the inauguration of the Tainworth statue,
which we reported on Saturday, suggested no expression
but that of general setisfactien. It was too late to
&went on Sir R. Peel's public character. The eulogy
had been already pronounced by the voice of•the nation;
and svinbehied by the visible prosperity of the °matey.
There still, however, remains a question for history to
solve—how far has this gratitude been truly merited?
When the leeislation of 1846 is reviewed by writers who
will look upon Free-traders and Protectionists as mere ab-
stract symbols of an ancient feud, what will be the judgment
upon the statesman who, by his own private resolution,
cbanged the social and financial aspect of a mighty king-
dom? It is hazardous to anticipate such a verdict, but
sp‘culations are free, and we may venture on the expe-
riment. As to the essential wisdom of Sir Robert's
policy there can be no longer any doubt. What he did
it has proved impossible for his moat inveterate antago-
nista to undo. They have not been lacking either dispo-
sition or opportunities. A strong Parliamentary party
was formed and maintained upon the single principle of
reversing, modifying, or compensating the aces of 1846.
In the usual course of constitutional occurrences they
have come into power, and according to the ordinary
measure of such power they ought now to be competent
to realize their views. But never was the contrast between
party mechanism and public opinion more conspicuously
displayed. While protection was marshalling its comba-
tants in Parliament, Free Trade was doing its work out
of doors; and, before Mr. Disraeli could put the question
in " constitutional" form, it had been definitely settled
by the experience and acclamations of the people.
Protectionists were fain to go to the hustings with
the preliminary confession that protection was impos•
sible, and with solemn avowals that they entertained no
intentions of revertinc, to an exploded policy. Neither
can it be said that these feelings were partial, for, al-
though everybody might not have been satisfied, the
" contents" did clearly form so large a numerical majo-
rity of the people as to compel the recognition of states-
men. This, indeed, was the true point of Protectionist
weakness. Considering how powerful a party Mr.
Disraeli succeeded in maintaining, and hem nearly he
could balance his adversaries in a Paeliamentary divi-
sion, it was nothing less than the known convictions of
the unrepresented masses which ceuld have restrained
his decision. There is no possibility of, denying that
the legislation of 1846 has prodigiously improved the
finances of the kingdom, has been followed by a gene-
ral prosperity without example, and has hitherto so ap-
proved itself to the public mind as to be beyond reach
of reversal. To the argument that this proeperity and
satisfaction will SOLI have an end we can, •of
course, make uo reply, for prophecies are necessarily
unteseilable ; but wo do not see how the most
stubborn Protectionist can deny that the people, up to
this moment, are so thoroughly satisfied with free
trade as to render even Parliamentary strength
completely Powerless before public apinior. The
legislation, therefore, of Sir Robert Peel was essentially
good—so good, indeed, that it would be difficulty to find
any single Ea of any legislator so wonderfully justified
by its results. But, considering Sir Robert's circum-
stances
justifiable?and
The was his private resolution
equallyparty of which he was the
head had been formed, it cannot be coecealed, on the
general principle of protecting those laws and ordi-
nances which he boldly overthrew. Was he warranted
in thus " betraying" it? That the first duty of a
Minister is to his country and the second _only to his
party, is what not even the most bigoted partisan would
venture to deny, and, it' free trade is the blessing which
it appears to be, it becomes a direct conclusion that any
statesman would have been justified in securing such ad-
vantages to the country at any expense to his Parlia-
mentary followers. Parties, even in their most exalted
sense, can be nothing but mere instruments of Govern-
ment, and, if the ends of Government are to be
sacrificed to its instruments, it is hard to see what is
gained by any Government at all. Sir Robert Peel
sagaciously descried the practical necessity of the
time, He concluded that the corn-laws must be
repealed, and that his conclusion V 053 eminently just
has been now proved, not arty by
the experience of
millions, but by the involuntary confessiona of his ene-
mies. Ho repealed them, therefore, in spite,'rather than
by the aid of his own party; but what becomes of a
party's boasted claims if it can do nothing more then
impede the exercise of superior wisdom? Is there any
man in the kingdom who, after the budgets of the last
six years—Mr. Disraeli's included—will say that Sir
Robert Peel ought to have withheld these blessings from
the country out of respect to party understandings? We
might safely leave the question in this form, but we con-
ceive the occasion suggests a rather broader generaliza-
tion. Iu plain terms, we aro much of opinion that all
measures of large popular benefit—all measures which
consult the advantages of the many at the expense of
the few—must necessarily be carried by some breach of
Parliamentary punctilio. It has been said that everything
should be done for the people, but nothing by them, and
there is some truth, as all history teaches us, in the as-
sumption that the masses are not always the best
judges even of their own immediate interests. This
maxim of political science, therefore, would seem to
warrant the confinement of representative institutions
within narrower limits than pure theory would sug-
gest, but it can only be carried out with practical
success when the administrators of Government recollect
their unseen obligations, and give due thought to the
interests which are unrepresented by votes. It is cer-
tain that the House of Lords tl,cl not approve the Re-
form Bill, And -almost as notorious, perhaps, that., Sir
Robert Peel's House of Commons did not really desire
the repeal of the corn-laws. In each case a measure of.
real justice and incidental necessity Was - cerried by the
impulse of 'Ministerial power after, Mitisters had been
impressed by the popular will. Of this impression the
few and responsible
members of a Government are'
naturally more susceptible than the numerous and irre-
sponsible members of a Parliamentary Legislature, and
they act accordingly. They are in advance of their
party, and they discern duties to which their followers
are blind. In the common course of events the machine
may work smoothly, but at conjunctures of periodical
recurreece even " great parties"- must submit to be told
that a still greater party demands the preferential atten-
tion of their leaders. The safety of our constitution lies
in these its self. contradictions. Parliament represents
the people not by arithmetical computation of votes, but
became, yielding to impulses from above or without, it
records occasionul conclusions against its own views and
vvishes; For one of the greatest of these- state opera-
tions the country has to thank Sir Robert Peel;„for,
others it truly possibly have to thank the bitterest critic,'
of Sir Robert Peel's measure.
THE PROTECTIONIST PARLIAMENT.
the points
HERALD.--We arc always pleased to 'have a little-
paper. The
amicable discussion with our opponents, on our mutual
and 0000sieg prospects;. and hence we readily reply to
ho replies, to be
made by our Whig friend in his last night's
ortwicu, did not
objection we have to offer to his
is, that he assumes us, in the article to which
Statement-
itimitting certain things which %'e un-
questionablythat
wupwot admit.i Wee said, more than 'once
talkers to state thee'eetesnel'wing the Liberal writers end-
even as so stated we did not tee tete iLT "I way; and that
satisfactory result. The replyoa they
could reach a
follows:- of our Whig friend is as
.
" It is Worth -remarkingitliartlieeleliaisteri 1 mania.
festo, to which we have above made- allusion, while,a ani"-
the eake of argument, it accepts oetr.prentirres, rejectt foru
conclusions. Conceding the fact of , °mil:-
noriV, it denies tint _Ministers need therefore turn, out.
-Fote Et says,-if Lord John Russell ..were sent -for, tete
-first-question-he mint be asked - by-eheinMajest& wee:thy
be, how he proposed to govern now, with a majority ,et
twenty or thirty, when he could not govern laataFeb-:
:vary with a hundred?
" We take note that the Ministerial organ pats such
questions, as a significant indication of Ministerial pre-
sentiments. But, in the uamo of Cooker, if the Libe-
rals cannot 'resume power with a majority at their
back, how can the Derby-Disraelites retain it with
minority ?" -
Wcast strength e " concede" no such fact, but we say, suppose that the
of paerties shall prove to be as you rate it, i, e.,
t
th e Govornment has only 300 or 305 votes in the
House of C otanions—what-follows? Lord John Russell
cottldnot help rosigning,
*To this supporters; will he now be able when Mr. Disraeli had bat 260
tetata-retain edeetees h
former 260?
cannot resarrie powerPponentleiti 300 in lieu of his
can Deft lites the rejoinder ise "If the Liberals
withi a majority at their back, how
here hidden
huoyud
searyr
retain it with minority?" Facts are
es. The Liberals have a Ma-
jority,
this :—Say eat they haveN", our practical difficulty was
vote against Lord Derby—aweinajority for one vete—a
doubt the fact greatly--.-
Manistee itsaOkotleurebeyond this? To Outvote
Liberals"_next question is, whatene
ate
etp
canlet t bh
men
and dismiss
except ye u can set up unangt but it is nugatory,
its room. Now, how is thr to be do -Mini4try"
n e ';itt ?
of several
ctaeseir besides the pure' Whige and Redicts.
" "
Your Li beral majority is made up
Are the
few ITeelitt is conciliated? Is their place in the text
-
Whig Mini stry allotted? Have Lora Palmerston and
Lord John 'Russell made up their differences?An If
above' all, have the minions: -of- Mfilaie,
and
Wiseman agr esti to support a Russell Administration?
In the lates t I risk election proceedings we meet with sneh
language as, ti he following. At-the -Tipperary nomina-
tion a priest, milled—
" The Vt y Rev. Dr. Burke, said, Ireland was always
treated in e same manner, whether the Government
Placetewere "Held by Whigs or Tories, by the renegade'
grgoatßuastseed.....ll or scorpion Stanley.—(Deep and 10919'igod
ning.s) .But one Government after another have
felt the eat of the manner in which Ireland' was
re
min Government after another have been made
she isj ,Bt)3
tot feel fast IrAand could not be so treated with impu-
ty,—
another sh •
(14° pd cheers.) Yes, and ono Government after,
he unjustly
~all still be made to feel that Ireland 'Cannot
r treated with impunity; but that se long ins
ell
halt sitY trted she shall still be the reat
Ilus h: keland.—ea(lnemense-cheering.) The renegade
shall be re "%boon made to feel this; scorpion Stanley
tag.) le to feel it in his turn.—(Voiiferous shear=
u‘
outrage to st ell,f after the letter by which effored
sought to e eelings; and after the Bill be ;Ate' hhe
4` /Ina/11Sb the religion of the catholic

of the Irish people, and of their fellow-Catholics in Mg-
land and Scotland, was discarded.•—(Hear, hear, and re-
newed cheering.) Scorpion Stanley shall owe his down-
fall to a similar cause." _
There will probably be forty or fifty men returned from
Ireland by priests of this sort. These forty or fifty
6genfs of M'Hale and Cullen will agree in a vote against
Lord Derby. Bat what will their votes be, wheu a Rus-
sell Mmistry asks their aid? Their immediate demand
will be, "Repeal the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill;"—a de-
mand which Lord John Russell cannot even pretend to
comply with. Taking, then, these three elements of
discord into view,—l-, the Peelites to be treated with; 2,
the Palmerston party, however small, to be conciliated;
and, 3, the Lucasses, Duffys, Bradys, and• MacGuires
to be bought over,—may we not well say,: 'that
to bring this " Liberal majority " into the form
of an Administration will prove a task even ex-
ceeding the temerity of a Russell? But, it is asked,
" If the majority cannot carry on the Government, how
is the minority to dolt?" We again repeat, that we do
not admit the Ina that Lord Derby will be in a mi-
nority, Bat, should- it even torn out that he has but
305 rotes in thenew House of Commons, we meet the
question by this plain answer. He will carry. on the
Government, as a public duty, because he will be at the
head 'of the' strongest party in the House. Let the
House of Commons consist of-
-305 Conservatives,
-15 Peelites,
1-80 Whigs,
85 Radicals,
45 Irish Brigade,

25 Neutrals,
it may, and probably will, be soon found that no other
party but the Conservatives can carry on the Govern-
ment. And in this State of things it may become a plain
duty, obvious to all, and denied by none, that L)rd
Derby and his Cabinet should, amidst whatever difficul-
ties, abide by the helm and steer the vessel through
what all will admit to be a very intricate and dangerous
channel. -

DAILY NEWS.—Australia has decidedly risen in
the emigration market since the discovery of its gold
fields. Looking beck on the emigration records of
former years, it is clear that all the exertions of enthu,-
siaatic colonisers to turn upon Australian shores a mo-
dicum of the stream of emigration flowing perennially
from this country to America had been a comparative
failure. Australia was distant—to emigrate thither
appeared a step that could not he retracted—in- short,
the sum total of emigration to the southern colonies
bore a small proportion to the sum total of emigration
to the United. States and the Canadae. But the tales of
" the diggings" hare set all the world agog; and there
is now such a squeezing and jostling to get off to that
El Dorado that the emigrants' discomforts begin before
they quit their native shores.. Now we have no wish
whatever to damp this spirit of enterprise. In Australia
there is more elbow room than in this oar crowded old
country; men can get on there with less of capital, with
less of toil and heart-sickening hope-delay; we said so
before the gold-fields were discovered, and we say so
still. But we would. fain whisper in the ears of sate-
guine adventurers that their prospects of attaining_with
comparative ease in that remote region to independence
I and effluence are not materially increased by the
discovery of gold deposits there;
and that they had
better not make, as poor Dick Whittington did,
the gold too prominent and exclusive an object of their
calculations for the future. Gold is doubtless a very
pretty commodity. And in a country where there is
ebuudance of other elements of wealth to be had in
exchange for it, pockets full of gold are not to be de-
spised. But they who sot their hearts on gold, and gold
alone, if placed in a position to acquire and store up as
much of it as their hearts can desire, are extremely liable
to realise the fable of Midas—to starve among their
stores of gold, and to deserve the ass's ears which
sprouted out on the head of that sapient monarch whom
the gods cursed by granting his prayer, that everything
he touched•might be turned to that precious metal. The
mania will in time cure itself, but at present the dis-
covery of the gold-fields has set the wits of all Aus-
tralia a woolgathering--in a much less profitable sense
than they were before it was made. Some few years
back the Australians were rich in herds and flocks,
with unlimited range of pasture whereon new stock-
masters might rear as many sheep and cattle, as they
pleased. Wool, tallow, hides, ..and so forth,
were
produced in abundance. to export in exchange for the
luxuries which
the menu-
ic
nfaeochtusrsearsieosf, etohme fmorotst,her
countryand
Food was
cheap and amply- supplied; wages were high;
the
small capitalist found =racily a profitable investment;
the penniless labourer soon earned enough -to convert
him -into a -small capitalist; the last relics of the -
state of society produced by < convict transportation
were disappearing; Australia-was as comfortable a har-
bour of refuge as the- poor man could desire. But since
the gold-fiver has broken out, the ploughman has left
his plough in • the furrow, the- herdsman has left his
master's cattle and sheep untended, the clerk he, fled
from his ledger with entries balf•made, all settled in-
dustry is paralysed and disturbed, men of all classes are
scraping for gold with pickaxe and shovel, exposing
themselves to unwonted privations, now accumulating
sudden wealth, now toiling laboriously for nothing.
Nomadic hordes of gamblers are setting all their pros-
pects in life upon a chance in the gold regions. The
confluence of the worst members of society, the rude,
grasping habits acquired even by those of better dispo-
sitions, and the absence of a sufficient police, are ren-
dering the Australian El Dorado, anything bat a safe or
comfortable residence for respectable members of society.
We repeat that we insist upon these facts not to deter
intending emigrants from proceeding to Australia. This
social disarrangement can only be temporary, and they
who are forewarned of it may turn it to profitable ac-
count. Owing to the seductions of the mining districts,
the demand for labourers and clerks has become greater
than ever in the more settled districts of Australia, and the
remuneration for steady industry has proportionately
augmented. We would have emigrants keep this in view,
and arrange their plans rather with a view to fill up the
vacuum left by the gold hunters, than to stake every-
thing upon the chance of their being able to pick up
sudden wealth in " the diggings." Fortunes rapidly
made are as apt to be rapidly spent. Extraordinary
leek is the lot in this world only of the few. The wealth
that is acquired more slowly by steady industry is more
lasting, fur the habits contracted in acquiring it enable
men to retain and use it more wisely. There is a story
we have somewhere read of a party of adventurers who
were lured from Spain to the New World, when the
tales' of Cortes and Pizarro • made it as attractive-to
Cestilians as California and Australia are now to the
Anglo-Norman race. As soon as they landed all set off
to the gold regions with the exception of one, who,
un-
moved by, the scorn, and 'gibes bf his felloWs, sought
out a piece of fertile ground near the coast, and ea to
work to tilt it, as he might hare done on the plains
of Estreraadura. Tho gold seekers penetrated into
the interior, wee, after a prolonged absence, re•
turned with rich store of - gold, but Worn and :ema-
elated with privations and desperately hungry. Their
old friend refused to- impart of the produce of his farm
except in return for their gold, and
the Prices h© fixed
upon bit corn, flab and wine were exorbitant ; but
they were'sterving; no other dealer in these commodi-
ties was nigh, and their pockets were soon emptied. We
The prudent tiller of thesoil explained
pee over details.
that his sole object had
EU niS angry friends been to se-
cure them from perishing with all their wealth, and
teach them practically the true use and valu_ os
of gold.
They then shared their acquisitions in brotherly fashion,
and :returned: all of them wealthy men. to their native
Spain. The moral of this story is one that
()Ur nume-
rous Australian would do well to lay to heart.
emigrants

----
MORE TELE GRAPI-js.
A very brief period will elapse before Belfast is placed
iti direct coinmunication with the three capitals of three
-kingdoms, as- well as with the, capitals. f
0- the cent?
'sent. Measures •to - this effect are at present in
progress and will . not, we are satisfied, meet
with, imp.ediment or procrastination. The scheme
telegraph actually agreed to by the new company talc . •
In - Dover, London, Birmingham, Wolverhampton,
eTntheswhifoorin Estithbe
' hlahohester, Bolton, - - Wigan, Liverpool, preret-",
Carlisle, Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Greenock,-°t'
•Greitt Britain; and Donaghadeo, Belfast, Dub-
lin, Galvray, Limerick, Tipperary, Waterford, Cork
!aid the intermediate towns in Ireland. Lines of '
If
,rwririt sup
da,ti
,arirreevrokeirpanrtodoollai.opeoraatriroini betweenr Liverpool ewighi t
igen, Bolton,' 'mid' Manchester ; a six-wire line "-.
hpe
onlas,tgtehruiceiory e London is to
line, which
the cownsirpegau'y alciam:r7i2.
subterranean, consists
of 5 e;our the
.....,,
ready made the preliminae
i eao
' re
i:bagYn ad
tshCie:leisle aBl3 eminentx
srai n asu4fabricated. teatlengineerswit:
f-
JbPrePared nd
line between Dublin- and Galway has alread -71°-wire
most ample satisfaction to the' directors of
railway; and the SUDO may be said of alt Itlitl
Lgiven the
line of
lines which the company have constructed in
t_ the
..",lnotheirB
and SCotlancl. We may state that the sae .r:lilg i , „1 " d
projected the company intend shall be ~,,, in.- above
...riled
most, fully, ind, we will add, in a vary short ti_ oat
As a proof of this assertion, it may be ardet6nie.
the wires for the Irish inland lines are at pre. that
the Uhler -Railway terminus ; that the:4l4-4c
for the County Down line are also at the County-wires
Down Railway Company's terminus ; and • til
cables for immersion across the Channel are at Gates.
head; at the Messrs. Newell's works, Aindergein
sufficiently
percha, in which the wires were
is
sesat achieve.Ysteermal. laying
Inside ofthe theexteirronnsi. wiriorl;: wwbiireeh
viassitno_e!tatte,
4, IS
. ceonacitionesofbfiygutirtar.
process, a
' the Messrs. Newell's must be nearly, if not already co'mat
Company, some time 'since. coef.' thTeheGatta leerell
pletal; and, on that being, done, and the wires tested :
only remains to carry the rope to the harbour, and lay it
across, That this filial operation will be attended witllne
:tbteilnitdyi:ganonavtherecg,
ment of the Dover and Calais Sabmarine Telegraph_
gduluar°3lllntfietetidiebtybtahte4 ksulicieuenssd
enduring of their ability in coping, • , _.!111
h monument
'obstacles which, to other eyes, se
overcoming seem well
.nigh impossible. That the company are entitled te,
evry respect and confidence we can assure Our readers.
We have tho authority. of Mr. MlNcile, of thee.
Northern Balli;, for stating that the, proprietors are
gentlemen of the highest standing in the commercial
_circles of England. What they en the
to do there
i 3 110 doubt but they Will perform; and,
Under these
cirastanees, %;,e prern,se ourselves the pleasure ef
shortly congratulating our it.
riends on the completion of
114a9 ,inV9lll.lllt undertaking tx.`"6,l .IS t° Fla" us in in-
stautansoys communication wit,: tbe principal seats of
e‘"nulerce in the ld ./V therm. Whig.
.e WOT . or

and is sup.. :of potter's Clay, iiae,
AR some workinen a few days sincCl were excavat.
ing-at_Balliol College for the new building.Z, a jug or urn,
posed to be.loug to the reillap.of the First or Second Edward.
It was kund arnongd It had a handle,
some bonos but bone were ius4de the
yeeel,'•=-41aford Chroriicle. •

••, e • r
- 4