The Sun.
London, England, 1864-09-29 00:00:00

so that it is doubly incumbent on the Legislature
to make due provision for their education. Mr.
CHADWICK's address touched upon other points of
interest, and went far to convince his hearers that
the interests of master and workmen were by no
means conflicting, but that what was for the good
of one really tended to the benefit and advantage
of the other.

At the dinner of the Agricultural Association
for West Bucks, the subject of labourers' cottages
was mentioned. This question has, of late, en.
grossed much attention, and deservedly so, for the
well-being of those concerned is intimately con.
netted with having proper habitations to begin
with, and also in keeping them as clean and re-
spectable as possible. It seems very bard that in
places where the air around is pure, the evil effects
of bad drainage, and the pernicious system of over-
crowding, that so much prevails, should cause as
serious discomfort and injurious effects as in the
most crowded and close precincts of a city.
It is time that some come forward to do
their utmost in checking such a glaring
evil, and by pointing out the means of
remedy confer a great and lasting benefit upon the
community- A letter was read from Mr DISRAELI
regretting his inability to attend, but offering a
prize of five guineas for the possessor of the neatest
and best kept cottage. If this idea can be carried
out it will doubtless prove of great service in the
course of time, and conduce to the furtherance of
the end in view. A spirit of emulation will spring
up, which will be calculated to have the best effect
upon those concerned. Eve❑ those who fail will
have had the advantage conferred upon them of
some attempts at neatness, and the habits thus
engendered cannot fail to prove *o great a source
of comfort that in all probability the good work
may take a lasting root in the generas
management of the inmates. Proprietors of estate
and landlords cannot do a wiser thing than to
take an active interest in the arrangements and
maintenance of the cottages on their estates. An
indifference on the part of the chief persons in a
place often engenders sloth and idleness on the
side of the inferiors, and gradually a state of
things is brought about:that reflects great disgrace
upon the neighbourhood. It is evident that some
places must be devised for improvement in this
respect, and there will be another benefit conferred
if the practice is made general, of offering prizes
for the best kept cottages. The careless
and negligent lancrords will be kept more
up to the mark in the performance of
their duties, for as general attention will be
directed to the management of cottages, any very
serious deficiencies will be found out, and the owner
will be exposed in a manner that he will not like.
The cases that came under notice the other day
concerning the disgraceful state of some dwellings
on the estate of a gentleman,:are, it is to be feared,
by no means isolated ones, and therefore it seems
that some inducements must be held out to further
the good work that all well-wishers to their country
must have at heart, namely, to improve the condi-
tion of the dwellings of the labouring classes. No
community can flourish long where such vital sub-

jects are left in a state that is unsuited for health
and morals, and any attempt to ameliorate them
should be welcomed.

Cruikshauk's Comic Almanac.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

FRANCE.
PARIS, SEPT. 29.

M. Vaitry has been appointed Minister Presi-

dent of the Council of State, replacing M. Ron-
land, who has been appointed:Senator and Governor
of the Bank of France.

An Imperial decree has been issued declaring the
herring and mackerel fishery henceforward free,
and suppressing the regulations hitherto in force

respecting it.
The Moniteur of this morning says :—" It is
announced that the Emperor and Empress of Russia
will probably gu to Nice towards the middle of
October, where the Empress thinks of passing the
winter."

The Itlonne:4r also states that the Oetroi guess
Lion does not engage the attention of the Govern-
ment at present.

According to the official returns published in the
.3foniteur by the Ministry of Agriculture, Commerce,
and Public Works, the total receipts of the French
railways for the six months ending 30th June were
243,539,684 f., showing an increase of 15,372,423 f.
over those of the same period in 1863. The total
length of the lines woeked on the 30th of June last
was 12,357 kilometres, against 11,419 on the same
day in the previous year.
A great name of the Empire has just become
extinct. The Duchess Decres died last week at her
Chateau of Rimancourt (Haute Marne) bequeath-
ing 135,000 f. for charitable works in the country.
The deceased, who was the daughter of M. de
Saint Joseph, Mayor of Marseilles, a Baron under
Napoleon and previously ennobled by Louis
XVI., and Rose Clary, first married General de
Saligy, who was created Duke de San Germano by
Murat. She had among her mother's sisters the
wife of Joseph Bonaparte, King of Spain, and the
wife of Bernadotte, King of Sweden. The sister
of the Duchess married the Duke d'Albufera, and
her brother is General of Division of the Reserve.
rho Duchess de San Germano had only one daugh
ter, who was the first wife of the Duke de Dalmatia,
son of Marshal Soult. In 1813 the deceased mar-
ried Duke Decres, Ministerfof Marine and Vice-
Admiral. _ _

•
BOURSE, Sept. 28.—The market has been heavy,
and the little business done shows a slight decline.
Threes, for the Account, are now at 65fr. 85c.
Mobilier are navariod at 1,012 fr. 50c. Railway
Market dull, with only slight variation in prices.
The market closed as follows :

41 per Cents. 92 60
00. end month
3 per Cents
Do. end month 65 80

Credit Mobilier...:loo3 75
Do, end month 1003 75
Bank Shares 340)
Credit Fonder 1220
Roman

Italian Loan 67 30
Do, end month 67 30
Ditto Threes ..
Nev 111.exicaa bot

RUSS:3II -- _
Austrian
Spanish Threes 49
H.orau Debt
Deferred

BaLLTOII4.
Cash. Account.
Ofloans..c ..... -.. .. 880 -- .. 888 75
Northern
Lyons and Mediterranean 915 .. 916 25
Southern .. 628 75 .. 630
Western
Eastern
Sardinian .. 347 50 .. 347 50
Austrian
Lombard -
North of Spain
Saragossa 475 .. 477 k
Ditto to Barcelona -

M. Nadar's Giant Balloon.

M. Nadir, the celebrated aeronaut and photo.

grapher, Las taken advantage of the Brussels
September fetes to hazard a third attempt in his
" GeAnt" balloon. The occasion was well chosen,

(or the multitudes present gave an unpreeedentec

eclat to the event. "To see the gigantic monster
of the air," says the Independance Beige, " bound
proudly upwards towards the celestial vault was
for every one a business, a pre-occupation. The
excitement was universal; and through the crowd
which yesterday overflowed the streets in an agi-
tated and anxious stile there ran a kind ofcontagious
fever, which warmed the coldest and moved the
most apathetic." From an early hour an immense
concourse of people flocked towards the Schaerbeck
Gate. At eleven o'cicck the approaches to the

barriers in certain streets Were iEcumbered with
masses. At one o'clock those who were curious to
be present at the preparations for the ascent took
their places in the enclosure reserved for them. At
three o'clock the long line of boulevards from the
Observatory to the Entrepot on the one side, and
the vast Rue Royale from the Church of St. Mary
to the park on the other, presented a sea of heads.
(here was a crowd at the windows, a crowd on the
roofs, a crowd everywhere. At four o'clock the King,
the Duke and Duchess of Brabant, and children, as
well as the Count of Flanders, arrived upcn the
scene, followed by a numerous suite. They took
their places upon an elevated platform raised at
the corner of the Botanical Garden and the Boule-
vard, the acclamations of the thousands as-
sembled, and the Branbanconne played by the
band of the Pompiers greeting their appearance.
Shortly after his arrival the King sent for M.
Nadar, who was represented by the burgomaster.
His Majesty received the aeronaut, author, and
photographist very graciously ; he conversed with
him some time, and then introduced him to the
Duchess of Brabant. Before leaving the presence
of royalty M. Nader presented the King and the
Duke and Duchess of Brabant with three copies
of the book, " The Memoirs of the Geant.." His
Majesty, says the independence, " appeared touched
by this act of homage. The crowd shared in this
simple, honourable, and affable scene, and hearty
cheers greeted Nader as he descended the steps."
It was now time for the balloon to take its depar-
ture. Already the materiel of the expedition had
been stored away in the car—water, provisions,
clothing, and scientific instruments, for the voyage
was to have a scientific object. Sixty carrier
pigeons were also taken on. board, if we may use
the term, "rapid messengers, intended to give
prompt news of the aerial excursioniste, in case
they descended in a eountry unprovided with the
telegraph?' M. Nader had also furnished himself
and his fellow/voyagers with " arms to protect the
balloon in its descent from the bratality of ignorant
populations." Several small balloons were sent
up for an hour before the grand ascent, to ascere
tain the direction of the wind. On their sides
had been painted the arms of Belgium, toge-
ther with the inscription, " 34th Annivere
nary of Belgian Independence.
Third voyage of
the Giant Nader. Brussels, Sept.
26, 1864,"
Twelve persons entered the car with M. Nader.
But, as the Independance observes, it is not only to
e
embark, they must get off. The Geant, however,
over freighted, did not appear
disposed to mount.
The 260 bags of ballast, the
13 voyagers, their
luggege, their provisions, the anchors, and the thick
ropes, which constituted an enormous weight, with-
out including the car and the rigging, kept the
balloon riveted to the ground. Nearly all the
ballast had to be thrown out, 16 bags only being
retained, just what was absolutely necessary. This,
however, was not enough, and four excursionists
had to abandon the pleasure of the ascent. At half-
past five the balloon showed signs of being suffi-
ciently lightened, and the cords were cut. "At
this solemn moment," says the correspondent of the
Belgian journal,
"a
hundred thousand hearts were
beating, a hundred thousand eyes were watching
the movements of the Geant." The decisive order,
" Lachez tous," was
given, and the balloon rose
slowly and majestically, amidst the acclamations of
the crowd and the music of the Brabang.nnne. It
then moved onwards in the direction of Nineve, and
disappeared in the western horizon. There were
present, we are informed, besides the King, the
authorities of Biuisels, as well as its most distin,
guished citizens, the monabers of the diplomatic
corps, the Ministers, and a host of other official
dignitaries,
balloon descendedmun municipal and
tiotennalt.hesameeven Notwithstand-
inging the elaborate preparations for the voyage, the
near Ypres, having encountered a wind which it
was feared would carry it down the English Chan-
, nel oat into the Atlantic.

Sir H. Verney, M P., and Mr. Hubbard, M,P,
on the Condition of Agriculture.

At the annual dinner of the Bucks Agricultural
Association at Buckingham yesterday,
Sir H. VERNEY said that a few days ago he was
in some of the manufacturing and commercial dis•
triots of the country, where he heard a great deal
respecting the existing prosperity in those districts
and the prospect of increasing prosperity. But his
visit was not altogether of a satisfactory character ;
for he heard that very little sympathy existed be.
tween the employers and the employed ; and he
could not help contrasting that state of feeling with
that which prevailed in many of the parishes in the
neighbourhood of Buckingham. (Hear, hear.) When
he heard that in Manchester and Liverpool a man
in a state of sickness was almost absolutely nes
glected by those who had employed him, and who
perhaps hardly knew his name, he could not help
contrasting that State of things with the practice
which existed in his own neighbourhood, where
parishes were divided into districts and district
visitors were appointed, consisting of farmers wives'
and other persons, whose duty it was to relieve such
cases of distress as came under their notice. He
had been assured in the districts he had recently
visited that in the course of a short time there would
be a very great press for labour, and no doubt at-
tempts would be made to seduce the agricultural
labourers by offering them higher wages ; but he
believed that the agricultural labourers, who were
well and kindly treated, would not desert their
employers. (Hear, hear.) It was most desir-
able to endeavour to retain the labourers in the
agricultural districts, and that was one reason why
great efforts were now making to improve the dwel-
lings of the peasantry. (Hear, hear.) But that
ought to be done quite as much for the sake of the
employers of labour as for the sake of the labourers
themselves. (Fleas, hear.) He had always been
opposed to a system which found considerable
favour some years ago—that of getting rid of the
peasantry by sending them into distant parts of the
county, or advising them to emigrate. (Hear, hear.)
There was another subject of considerable import-
ance, and that was the loss of sewage from the
large towns. It had been stated that not less than
90,000,000 of gallons of manure were thrown into
the sea every day from the city of London. He
sincerely trusted that by the labour of practical
men and the experiments of scientific men some
mode would be devised of preventing the continu-
ance of that tremendous waste. When tare rail-
way systems now in progress were completed, he
trusted such a ready and convenient access would
be found to London as to insure the transmission of
that manure from the metropolis to those districts
where its application would be of the greatest pos.
sible value. (Loud cheers.)
Mr. HUBBARD observed that in the course of the
last ten years the chief articles of agricultural pro•
duce had increased to an immense extent, not with-
standing the competition to which this country was
subjected. The increase in our imports in value
during the last ten years was clearly shown by the
following statement

1854. 1803.
Animals £1,400,000 .. £2,600,000
Beef
Butter 2,174;000 .. 4,507,000
Cheese 906,000 .. 1,856,000
Pork
Bacon and ham 893,000 .. 2,750,000

£6,130,000 £12,514,000
If, in the face of this increased competition the agri
culturists have been able to keep their gt ound,to im
prove their property, to enlarge their produce, and
to improve their prices, it was a wonderful evidence
of what English industry, enterprise, and intelli-
gence would do whenever it had the opportunity.
(Hear, hear.)" Although he admitted that the price
of grain was excessively low, still he hoped that
would be made up by large crops. But what he
particularly wished to call attention to was, the
improved value of live stock and butter. These were
articles in which the English producer might defy
competition. The foreigner might bring in pickled
pork to any extent, but he could not bring in fresh
beef to supply the London market, or such sheep as
were exhibited at these annual shows. The price
of beef had improved from 43 4d in 1849, to 43 10d
in 1854, and to 5s in 1863. The price of mutton
had improved from 4s 4d in 1849, to 5s in 1854, and
to 5s 6d in 1863, He was quite satisfied that the
great grass farms of this country would never lose
their value, or their cultivators) a good profit.
(Cheers.) These were satisfactory evidences of pro-
sperity and of the solid basis on which that prospe-
rity rested. It was impossible to think of prospe-
rity of the landlord without thinking of the prospe-
rity of the labouring classes. (Hear, hear.) It had
often been said that their interesta were, as they
ought to be, identical. It had been said at some of
the agricultural meetings, that the notion of the
comforts of the labouring classes, the provision of
better dwellings and better food, was after all a
matter of sentiment, and one which concerned the
labourers alone, and not those who employed
them. Now he entertained an entirely different
opinion. Ia these matters the welfare of the
labouring classes was clearly connected with the
welfare and prosperity of their employers. A re-
port had recently been published upon the dietary
of the labouring classes, which was full of interest-
ing and useful informa►ion. Dr Edward Smith
having taken a survey of the whole agricultural
population of the country, points out the standard
minimum of subsistence, not in so:many pounds
of beef and mutton, but he says that the labourer
ought to have provided for his weekly diet
30,100 grains of carbon and 14,000 grains of
nitrogen. Dr Smith pointed out that diet which
produced the most carbon and the most
nitrogen ',which was necessary to maintain the
health of the labouring man. He gives the diet
of some of the Yorkshire labourers. At Buck•
ston the diet for breakfast and supper is cold meat,
cold pie, cold bacon, milk, bread, cheesecakes, and
custards ; for dinner, hot meat, broth, hot meat pies,
vegetables, fruit pies, bread, milk pudding, beer at
discretion. He did not call that a bad diet. (Hear,
hear, and laughter.) It was one which gave the
men strength to go through their work in a manner
fully proportionate to the expenditure on their diet.
(Hear, hear.) It was not at all surprising that on
such a diet the labourers were in the habit of tak-
ing an hour's nap after dinner. (Laughter.) Dr
Smith remarked that in only three fourths of the
labourer' cottages they were provided with milk,
and he went on to observe that of all articles of
diet none possessed such a sustaining property for
women and children, and nothing was more deeply
to be lamented than the difficulty experienced by
the labouring poor in providing their family with
milk. In some parts of Wiltshire the farmers re-
fused to sell milk to their labourers, and gave it to
their pigs. Such a wilful denial of an essential
nutriment for women and children he never before
heard of. (Hear, hear.) There was only one other
remark which he wished to make. It was said
on a former occasion that many tenants would be
willing to pay their landlords five per cent. for any
outlay which they might make in providing im•
proved cottages f)r the labourers, and he had re-
ceived an application of that nature from two of his
tenants, with which of course he had no hesitation
in complying. (Cheers.) He believed that if that
plan was extensively followed -a solution of the
difficulty which now existed would be found. (Loud
cheers.)

ROBBERYAT ETON COLLEGE.— 0 a Tuesday after-
noon two thieves, who had been seen lurking about Eton
during the morning, contrived to enter the dit.ing-room in
the residence of the Rev. Francis Edward Durnford, the
lower master of the Eton School, and carry away upwards
of £3O worth of silver articles, with which they got clear off.
The men are well known to the police, and one is supposed
to be a returned convict.

A LADY LOCKED IN CHURCH.—A lady, a
stranger to Christchurch, visited the Priory church
for the purpose of taking drawings of various portions of
the interior. She, -bid the person in charge of the church,
on his showing her the room popularly known as " Oliver
Cromwell's Harness Room," not to forget her, and she re•
mained there, ho going about his customary duties, on the
complet on of which he went home, leaving the lady locked
in, having entirely forgotten her. Some alarm was caused as
she did not arrive at her lodgings at the usual hour for tea
at seven o'clock, and eventually sumo gentlemen volunteered
to search for her. The church was thought of, and the lady
was found in the before-mentioned room, trying to compose
herself to sleep,--Wiltshire Alirryr.

Fashions for October.

(From Le Follet.)

The favourite colours for the season are red and yellow.
Hitherto there has been some prejudice against red, but it
certainly now reigns triumphant ; and it has one advantage
that it is becoming to almost all complexions.
_ _ _

The bottom of the skirts cut in festoons are still fashion-
able. They are made rather short, and below the festoons is
a plated bias flounce, which gives width to the skirt, and
forms a train. This flounce is usually quite plain. When
trimmed, it is with an insertion of lace. The festoons should
be edged or trimmed either with plaiting, lace, fringe, &c.
Sometimes trimmings are placed from the centre of each
festoon a few inches up the skirt, or even to the waist.
The wide sash, tied behind, is still worn with both silk
and ball dresses. For day or demi•toilette the long and w de
black sash is generally preferred, even with a white or light
coloured dress. Plaid or stripped taffetas are worn also
with black, grey, or violet dresses.
The sash to match the dress is equally ala mode. It is
fastened in front by a large gold or silver buckle. Organdi
dresses, also, have coloured sashes, if the body is not made
with long basques d'habit. There are some charming dresses
of this kind. The body, entirely separated from the skirts,
permits of variety in the toilette ; for, as a change, a cache-
mire or taffetas veste may be worn, instead of the body like
the dress.

Cachomire collets continue in favour. We do not speak
merely of the original shape, embroidered and trimmed with
guipure, but of a very small collet, trimmed with two rows
of cachemire braid, rather wide and placed so as to form one
wide band. This trimming is put all round, and at the bot-
tom a black Thibet fringe. The fastening consists of a
double ornament of chased silver. This model, made in
white, would form a very pretty sortie de bal.
Although it is rather too early to speak very decidedly
about winter feshion, we can inform our readers that num-
bers of mantles are being made in armure and gros-grain
silk with trimmings of velvet and passomenterie ; and that
the paletot make, as formerly, will be much adopted. Upon
silk mantles sometimes the trimming is put on so as to imi-
tate the basque. Wide band of velvet edged with hanging
buttons or scalloped. The velvet, after forming revers in
the front, is put round the bottom and carried up the seam.
White and black Thibet fringe is much used ; when very
wide it is placed on the bottom of mantles, or on skirts ;
when narrow it is used to trim bodies or vestes. There is
a very pretty little fringe suitable for the latter purposes ; it
is double, and divided by a very narrow cachemire galor.

Embroidered dresses will be much worn next winter, The
designs, imitating lace, will be very recherches. Black is
always preferable, and should be rich poult de soie—the
pattern being in violet, blue, or oven red.
The fashion of wearing vestes by no means diminishes;
on the contrary—guimpes and waistcoats are quite the order
of the day. For the autumn the piqué is often replaced by
one of white taffetas, half open down the front, so as to show
a jabot of lace.
Long sashes of black or white lace are made very wide,
and over a muslin or silk dress form an exceedingly pretty
finish to a toilette. They are doubly useful, for they can
be employed as headdresses also.
Amongst the following dresses will be found some great
novelties :

A dress of white Chamb4ry gauze, with pink spots wide
apart. Two little flounces, gauffered and edged at top and
bottom with black lace. Between the two flounces is a wide
insertion cf lace. The dress has a rounded train. High

body, ornamented with insertion. Narrow sleeves, with
insertion up the seams and backs of the arms. Wide sash
of biack lace, vary long, widening towards the ends, and
pointed. The headdress is churning; it consists of a little
pouff of pink and red geraniums, attaching a lace catalane
resting upon the back hair.
Skirt of white silk, striped with pink ; a flounce at the
bottom of the skirt, edged with pink. Dress of white linos
cut in scallops, edged with pink silk. The dress is drawn
up at equal distances all round. Low body. Lace berth°,
trimmed with ruches of silk. \Vide band of white and pink
striped ribbon. Gold buckle in front. Coiffure; a catalane
of blonde mixed with roses.
Skirt of black silk, trimmed with a plaited flounce edged,
with white, Over this, drawn up, was one of white linos,
striped with black. Casaque-habit of black silk, very full,
with long skirt.
Another very pretty morning dress was of white foulard,
with black lozenge shaped spots. Double skirt; the under
_ _

one trimmed with a plaited flounce of scarlet taffetas, edged
with the white foulard. The over-skirt of the same, open
in front, and trimmed with a bans of scarlet cut in scallops,
and edged with foulard. The upper-skirt is fastened in
front with large buttons, covered with scarlet silk, Wide
sash of scarlet silk, tied behind.
Many dresses this autumn are made with one 'vide flounce
crossways, about a quarter of a yard wide. This has a very
good effect, especially in striped materials. In this style
was a dress of black silk, with satin stripes, very fine, of a

rich violet. The flounce edged with a quilling of violet,
The bottom of the skirt, which reached below the flounce
was cut in scallops, and edged to match the flounce. Seno•

lita jacket, trimmed to match.

There is little variation in the shape of bonnets. They
are still small, and close to the face ; without curtains, or
with curtains about an inch in width. Dust-coloured
crape mixed with velvet will be very fashionable this
autumn.

Almost all the bonnets are bouill3nnes from front to back
In velvet it is really pretty, and not so heavy as might be
imagined, Oae made in this manner was of black velvet,
without any crown or curtain ; the front being very long, so
as to form a crown, which was covered with flat black
feathers. With drab feathers and black or Mexican blue
velvet, elegant bonnets are made.
Feathers will be the most fashionable trimming for the
coming winter. For crape and tulle bonnets they have been
replaced by flowers—peacocks' feathers alone having kept
their stand during the summer, the others however making
their appearance with velve', either for the bonnet itself, or
as a trimming.

A white crinoline bonnet, lined with green silk ; the in-
side of the front trimmed with a tuft of ivy-leaves, and the
same trimming on the outside edge—a fringe of red berries
falling from the edge, On the left side is placed a bouquet
of ivy-leaves and red berries ; and the green strings are car-
ried across the bonnet, close by the crown, The curtain,
which is very narrow, is of green silk, plaited in large plaits,
and covered with tulle.

Black lace bonnets are very fashionable this autumn. A
very pretty one, lately worn by the Em press, was trimmed
with a wreath of daisies round the front. The same style of
bonnet may also be trimmed with a wreath of periwinkle.
The front is very small ; soft crown, and no curtain. The
strings, to match the colours of the flowers, are carried
across tho bonnet, close to the crown.
Another black tulle bonnet was trimmed with two roses,
ono just above the bandeau and the other close to the ear.
On this kind of bonnet roses of all colours may be worn,
but pink or white roses are the best for black bonnets. Tulle
bouillonne are also very pretty, trimmed with shaded grass,
or a small bird or butterfly, or rose .buds; and they are even
made without any trimming, and with tulle strings.
There is a talk of doing away with strings altogether,
and fastening the bonnets with pins ; but at present it is
only talk. We scarcely think it is likely to be adopted—at
any rate during the winter.