The Sun.
London, England, 1864-08-08 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 8, 1864.

THE MARLBOROUGH CLUB COMPANY
(Limited),
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that this Club will be
ripened for the reception of its Members on FRIDAY, the
12th day of August.
S. O. RATTENBURY, lion. Secretary.
Registered Office of the Company, 6, John-street, Bedford-
row, W.C.

NOTICE OF REMOVAL
ATLAS WORKS.

HENRY CLAYTON and CO., Engineers and Iron
Founders, on and after MONDAY, the Bth August, will
transfer the manufacture of their Patent Brick and Tile
Machines, Contractor's and constructive machinery generally,
from their old works at Upper Park-plac -, Dorset- square, to
their spacious New "AT LAS" Engineering- Works, Foundry,
and Offices, in the WOODFIELD-ROAD, lIARRO W-
ROA D, London, W.
H. C. and Co. Invite the attention of Brick Manufacturers
to their recently patented "Pneumatic" drying process.
Catalogues free by post on application.

FURNITURE, CARPETS, B EIMING, and
FLOORCLOW, CARRIAGE-FREE to any house in
the kingdom, regardless of amount or distance. First-class
goods at second-class prices. Terms peculiarly liberal to
Clergymen and Gentlemen. An immense stock to select
from, displayed in Showrcoms occupying an acre of ground.
Every article warranted.
CLERGYMEN and GENTLEMEN ABOUT TO FUR-
NISH are respectfully informed that Messrs. Cobbett and
. are publishing an entirely New Edition of their un-
equalled HOUSE FURNISHING GUIDE, illustrated by4lo
adm -able engravings of every description of Furniture and
Leasteads, with prices attached. A copy sent gratis and
post-free on application. This costly work also contains
complete estimates for furnishing on the following revised
cale

A Six-roomed Parsonage 474 3 0
An Eight-roomed ditto
A Ten-roomed ditto ........
A Twelve-roomed ditto

Together with a Price List of purified Bedding, and a mass
of valuable informationto all requiring househ 3ld furniture,
carpets, or bedding. References kindly permitted to Clergy-
men and gentlemen in or near Great Malvern, Southampton,
Chichester, Bury, Ely, Preston, Grimsby, Ryde, Plymouth,
Wells, Oxford, Brighton, Gainsborough, Margate. Kidder-
minster, Wellington, Croydon. Cambridge, Staines, Dorking,
St. Alban's. Worcester, Ipswich, Peterborough, St. David's,
Wrexham, and above 500 other places in all parts of Great

COB SETT and CO.. General House Furnishers, Deptford•
bridge, London, S.E.

THE WELLINGTON THREE SHILLING
DINNER, consisting of Soup, Fish, Made Dish,
Joint, Sweet, Sm., is served from 3 to 9 p.m.
The SALOON DINING ROOMS on the First Floor are
open for Luncheons at 1 o'clock Dinners from the Joint,
Set Dinners, and D nners from the carte, are served from
3 to 9 p.m. daily.
On SUNDAYS the Dining Rooms are open from 5 to 8.30
p.m.
By order of the London and Paris Hotel Co. (Limited),
JOHN CATES, Manager.
The Wellington—Entrance, 160, Piccadilly.
Ladies' Entrance, 53, St. James's-street.

PIGS ! PIGS! PIGS!-INDIAN PIG MEAL,
without husks, supplied to the Royal farms, Windsor,
and in every county in ngland, lOs 6d per cwt. ; one cwt.
equal to 11 cwt. barley or any meal. Delivered free in Lon-
don. Established 1858.— THOMAS PEARCE, Manager, 66,
Lant-street, Southwark.

ROUND SHOULDERS, STOOPING HABITS,
and DEFORMITIES are prevented and cured by
CHANDLER'S IMPROVED CHEST-EXPANDING
BRACES, for both sexes, of all ages. They strengthen the
voice and lungs, relieve indigestion, and are especially recom-
mended to children for assisting the growth and producing a
perfect symmetrical figure, superseding the old braces and
stays.-66, Berners-street, Oxford-street, W. Illustrated
Pamphlets forwarded.

FURNISHED HOUSES.-Mr. ANDW. HIND
has to LET a Detached HOUSE at Epsom, containing
4 sitting and 5 bed rooms, with usual offices, large garden and
paddock. Rent 5 guineas per week. Also the following :
Red Hill (furnished), £220 per annum ; Croydon, 2. guineas
per week; Kentish Town, 24 guineas, with use of piano, &c.
Offices, corner of Little Carter-lane, St. Paul's.

BUSINESSES.—Mr. ANDREW HIND has for
SALE—Cornchandlers', from £5O to £l,OOO ; Green-
grocers', £5O to .£3C'O ; Coachbuilders', £5O to £7OO Confec-
tioners', Chemists', Milliners', Stationers', from £45 to £400;
Grocers', from £5O to £2,000; Cheesemongers', £4O to £350;
Drapers', £2OO to £5,000 ; Bakers', £75 to £4OO ; Coffeehouses,
£5O to £1,200; Dairies, &c., £6O to £600; Oyster-rooms,
Restaurants. la., £6O to £16,001; Laundries, £5O to £200;
OIL Cigar, Fish, Elam, and Toy Shop., £5O to £3OO ; and
numerous other in every trade. Commercial and General
Agency Offices, corner of Little Carter-lane, St. Paul's.
The July List, containing 500, gratis.

INCE,

The Thames Embankment,

The construction of the greatest of metropolitan
improvements—the Thames Embankment—has at
length been fairly commenced. Year after year the
necessity of such a work had been pointed out,
commission after commission, and committee after
SOMMitreC have sat upon, and considered; and ere-
ported in its favour. Martin, the painter, and Sir
Frederick Trench who set up the molten image of
Wellington upon the triumphal arch at Hyde-park,
had called attention to the necessity and value of
the work; every tourist who had seen the banks of
the Seine had wondered why London should not
make the banks of its noble river as ornamental as
those of Paris; travellers and merchants, and trades-
men, who had to go from east to west in the metro-
polis, and who were subjected to all the annoyance
and vexation of delays, in consequence of the
thronged condition of the streets, wondered why
the great silent highway of the Thames should not
be made available as a leading thoroughfare for the
metropolis. The necessity of providing for the
construction of the Lew Level Sewer, with-
out interrupting the traffic of London for an inde.
finite period, at length brought the question to an
issue, and the Thames embankment is now some.
thing more than a vision of the painter, or a dream
of the social reformer. Long rows of piles on the
north side of the river between Westminster and
Blackfriars bridges, the thuds of falling weights
from the pile.driving machines, and the hiss and
whistle of about 30 steam engines pumping and
working upon the temporary stages; the ceaseless
line of carts that crawl slowly along Fleet-street
and the Strand, laden with the rubbish that may
now be shot into the river, bear evidence that the
work is being pushed forward with rapidity. With
respect to this latter portion of the works, these
rubbish carts are the greatest nuisances of the day,
and it is much to be desired that some wholesome
police regulation could be enforced to make them
" move on," or take some hours of the day when
the public traffic would not be incommoded.
This, however, is an improvement which is rather
to be hoped for than one to be reasonably ex-
pected, and it is a necessary evil which we suppose
must be endured while the work is in hand, for pro-
bably nothing short of a special Act of Parliament
would put an end to the nuisance. The foundations
of the river wall of the embankment are carried
down to 22 feet below high water level, or 14 feet
below low water. From the foundations to about
six feet below low water the whole space is to be
filled up with concrete. Within the embankment
there is to be constructed the Low Level Sewer, and
a subway for water and gas pipes and telegraph
wires, access to which may be obtained at any time
without breaking up the road. The Low Level
Sewer, between Whitefriars-street and the Victoria-
street Sewer, is to be eight feet three inches in dia-
meter,,and formed in brickwork, 131 inches thick.
From the Victoria-street Sewer to Westminster-
bridge the Low Level Sewer will be seven feet nine
inches in the clear. At Whitefriars the invert of
the sewer will be six feet three inches below what
is termed ordnance datum, or 20 feet three inches
below low water; the fall in the sewer will be at
the rate of one in 2,640, or two feet per mile. The
subway to be formed above the sewer, but with an
interval of 4 feet between the bottom of the crown of
the sewer, will be 9 feet in width, and 7 feet 6 inches
in height, bringing the crown of the subwayto a trifle
more than 2 feet below the level of the roadway, the
surface of the embankment being 4ft. above high
water. The floor of the subterranean way, through
which the gas and the water and the electric fluid
are to be conducted, will be gravelled, and will be
sft. 6in. below high water, so that ample room will
be afforded for the workmen to walk through it, and
to execute the necessary repairs. The river wall of
the embankment is to be faced with granite from
2ft. below low water, and at high water mark there
will be some bold mouldings of granite, and the
parapet will be formed as an open balustrade at the
parts where there are steamboat piers and landing
stages. A solid mooring bar of iron will be laid
along the whole length of the embankment, and to
it will be attached 58 mooring rings, held in lions
mouths, and to which barges, steamers, and river
craft nay be made fast. The dredging of the river,
on the line of the river wall of the embankment, and
sinking the foundations, are works of a very formid-
able character. The line of the face of the em-
bankment is formed in the first instance with
sufficient accuracy for the construction of the
coffer dam. The curve of the line of embankment
is about 9,000 feet radius, and it is formed by
offsets from lines taken from a pole set up
about midway between two of the bridges to two
other points on the bridges; these form an angle,
and from its sides the effects are taken at every
length of 50 feet, which determine the curve of the
river front of the embankment. In one portion of
the work, Mr Kitson, the contractor, adopts the old
form of cofferdam for getting to the foundations,
while in the section of Mr Furness caissons are em.
ployed. These caissons have an elliptical shape on
plan, are 12ft. 6in. by 7ft. outside measurement,
and have a groove 6in. in width and depth at each
end. This groove, along with a similar one in the
butted end of the next caisson, is to receive the
timber pile which forms one of the guides to the
descent of the caissons, as well as a joint, water.
tight with packing. Each caisson is built in divi•

sions of 4ft. 6in, in height, which are of wrought
And rivetted boilerplate iron where to be below the
b2d of the river, and there left in, and of cast-iron
v-daere above and intended merely to serve the pur-
pose of the coffer-dam. There is a " cutting edge"
It the bottom of the pile or stack; but the other
joints of the caisson are formed with angle-iron, or
dlnges ; so that the divisions can be screwed toge-
ther inside, and, with a packing of felt and tar to
the joint, can be made watertight. The thickness
of the metal is 1-inch, 7,ths ; and the angle-iron
is 5 inches by 3 inches by ,aths of an inch.
These caissons are raised by the steam crane, and
dropped into the intended position on the river bed,
being guided by the piles. The end pile is driven
below the bottom of the caisson, which sinks slightly
into the mud or soil by its own weight ; and this
pile is kept driven in advance of the sinking, so as
to form a perfect guide. The caissons are then
weighted at the top and inside on the flanges by
numerous blocks of iron, each of which fits the curve
of the ellipse, The materials of the strata, when
not too hard, are scooped out of the inside of the
caisson by the c3mmon contrivance called the bag
and spoon, which is used by ballast heavers. It is
simply a bag made of strong leather, and attached
to a scooping edge and a strong framework of iron.
This spoon is drawn along by a chain, and guided
by a strong pole, placed as the handle of the spoon.
A modification of the usual form of bucket has been
made by Mr Slater, one of the assistants of Mr
Farness. This bucket has a species of false bottom,
which is moved as the bucket is delivering its con

tents,whereby there is no sticking, and no duty cf
the machine lost. This improved machine also in-
cludes an arrangement for lengthening, telescope
fashion, the stretch between the centres of revo-
lution, or points of filling and delivery of the
buckets. The dredging contrivance scoops up
the gravel or other material from the middle of
the elliptical space; the material from the sides
keeps falling in, and the weight causes the
caisson to sink. Any fresh lengths of the caisson
are built on to make up the weight required. As
soon as the clay is entered, or even when the mud

has been passed through, the caisson can be pumped
dry. By a simple contrivance, weight can be taken

off at the moment when the caisson shall have sunk

_ ___....
to the proper depth, The labour of putting together
and sinking one of these caissons, it has been found,
occupies a week. Of the area between the embank-

medt and the river side a large portion is still under
water at every tide, but this area is daily becoming
loss by the hundreds of cartloads of earth which

are tipped into the river upon this enormous rubbish