The Sun.
London, England, 1864-09-27 00:00:00

ST. PETERSBURG, Sept. 22.
A rescript of the Emperor Alexander to Count
Berg has been published here, together with five
decrees, initiating extensive educational reforms in
Poland. As briefly stated by telegraph, the decrees
order the establishment of a university in Warsaw,
with a large number of superior, middle-class, and
elementary schools, and a flee school for girls. Polish
is to be the language in which instruction is imparted
to Poles, while special schools (Russian, German,
&2.) will be opened for the other nationalities of the
kingdom. A sixth decree moderates the penalties of
the criminal code and abolishes corporal punishment.
The rescript introducing the decrees is as follows
" Deeming it indispensable for the progress of
the restoration of order in the kingdom of Poland
to continue and develop the organic reforms the
bases of which were laid down by the ukase of the
19th February (March 2), in the firm determina.
tion of maintaining the same, I desire that these
reforms may be carried out with unshaken perseve-
ranee, since it is not possible to secure a regular and
enduring development of the country without a
thorough rejuvenation of its social life. With this
object I have devoted especial care to the improve-
ment of the system of public instruction throughout
the kingdom. No branch of Governmental activity
demands in an equal degree such continued exer-
tions as this question of public instruction ; wherein
lit is not until a later generation chat the healthy
seed ripens and bears fruit. For this pur-
pose I find it necessary to employ the first
days of re-established tranquillity once more in un.
dertakiog with renewed attention the task of alter-
ing and amending the system of public instruction,
which has already commenced, but has also been
interrupted by the late disturbances. The general
regulations sanctioned by me on the Bth (20th) May
designate moral and religious instruction as the
basis of all educational establishments. By these
regulations classical instruction is appointed espe-
cially for the high schools, without, however,
abolishing the study of special branches of learning.
Entrance to all the educational establishments is
granted to all classes of society, without reference
to their social position or religion creed ; and the
number of the high and middle schools is con-
siderably increased, since to most of them a suffi-
cient means of existence is assured. These bases of
the regulation of 1862 must in future be faithfully
upheld. While I accept them as au unalterable
point of departure, I find it necessary to order the
following in reference to their further extension.

" 1. In view of the new situation in which the
rural population are now placed in an economical
and administrative point of view, it is urgently ne-
cessary to disseminate and establish primary inst rue.
tion among them. On in this wise will they be
enabled to enjoy all the advantages of the new legis
slation, and at the same time to form a powerful
support for the maintenance of peace and the pre-
servition of social order. Having perceived with
real satisfaction, from the reports sent in to me, that
almost the whole of the population clearly ucog-
nises the necessity of instruction, with confidence I
entrust to the latest formed communes the task of
increasing the number of schools and also of
providing them with the requisite means, and those
officials and others who are more particularly con-
nected with the matter I order to devote their best
energies to its furtherance.
" Owing to their personal co-operation, it is to be hoped
that in a short space of time a sufficient number of schools
will spring up and be formed, and thus efface one of the
most lamentable defects in the former educational system of
Poland.

"2. Hitherto the education of women has been the sub-
eat of a few isolated measures and imperfect attempts on
the part of the Government. It will, therefore, now be
necessary to adopt a general system corresponding to the
wants of the different social classes, since the mural and
spiritual education of women is the best guarantee for the
regular culture of future generations. As in this as well as
in the other branches of public education I intend to take
energetic, but at the same time judicious and progreesivte
measures, I consider it necessary to commence at once by
the foundation of d.iy-schools for young girls in the most
important towns of the kingdom, similar to those schools
which already exist in Russia and in Warsaw, and which
aro found to be so beneficial.
"3. While the public educational establishments, and
more especially the high and middle-class schools, are orga-
nised by the Government, endeavours will particularly be
made to inculcate healthy views among youth, and to de-
velop a love for labour and for wise and solid instruction.
The authorities, without [ermitting themselves or others to
turn the halls of science into political clubs, must only keep
in view the unselfish service of civilisation. They must
constantly be engaged in improving public instruction in
Poland, and in raisit g the standard of education.

"4. To this end, while offering the means of being In
structed in the national language to the Polish youth,
w
must also recollect that the population of the kingdom 'e
composed of different races and religions. Each of t 1 is
and
must be protected against every attempt at
ary to oppression,
found..
to carry out this it is before all things necessary
schools for each nationality, and besides this to establish
that in the common, and especially in the primary schools,
the instruction shall be given in the language of the ma-
jority, i.e., either Polish, Russ, or Lithuanian, according
to
the locality and nationality of its inhabitants.
of Russia in Poland must be fulfilled by obsTerhve ing
a
mis-
sion
perfect impartiality towards all those elements
0f which
the population of the country is composed," Grounded on these general p princ, have
this day
signed orders that regulations for the.foll'owingobjt objects be
drawn up. 1. For the primary schools in the kingdom of
Poland, 2. For the female gymnasia and the preliminary
gym
gymnasia in the same kingdom. 3. For the Russian gym-
nasium in Warsaw. 4. For the German school of the Evan-
gelical doctrine in Warsaw. 6. For the organisation of the
school directorate. Thus while I commission you with the
execution of this:ukase, I am certain that by the measures
you will adopt for that purpose, and especially by the choice
of experienced and conscientious men, you will exactly and
completely carry out my views. The people's school I en-
trust to the especial care of the organisation committee of
the kingdom. At the same time I request that so soon as
possible they may lay before me propositions in accordance
with the above rules for the further development and alte-
ration of all the high and middle-class schools throughout
the kingdom. For this purpose I deem it necessary to give
them the following instructions : 1. The elementary agri-
cultural schools shall be reorganised -in accordance with my
ukase of the 19th February 1864 (2d March), and also with
that sanctioned by me this day. 2. A curriculum of in-
struction shall be introduced at: the primary schools, and
oue or more of these curricula shall be specially for the
Russian or the Lithuanian population ; and farther, the
best means shall be sought out whereby teachers shall be
educated for the higher schools. 3. The special district
shools shall be altered into gymnasia with seven classes;
the general district schools to become preliminary gym-
nasia, the one for the study of practical learning, the
other for classical knowledge. 4. The Lyceum at Lublin
is to be converted into a gymnasium, where the course
of study shall be of an essentially classical nature.
This shall also be the case in all Polish gymnasia. 5. A
proposition for the conversion of the high school at War-
saw into a university shall, so soon as be possible, be drawn
up and handed in, wherein the best means of preserving the
rights and privileges belonging to a Russian university shall
be stated, and with due regard to the local demands, 6.
Lastly, the definitive establishment of the institute in War-
saw, " Alexaader and Marie," for girls, shall at once be
taken in hand, as well as the special schools already exist-
ing, or those in process of formation, such as the agricul-
tural and the forest school, in accordance with instructions
hereafter to be issued.
" I offer, therefore, to all the inhabitants of the kingdom,
without reference to their station, their origin, or their re-
ligion, the means of imparting to the new generation a good
and solid education; and I hope that the fructifying ac-
tivity of study may preserve the Polish youth from at-
tempting those senseless and foolhardy attempts which
have not only caused so much unhappiness, but have also
until now prevented the improvement and advancement of
the whole country,"

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