The Sun.
London, England, 1864-12-16 00:00:00

public work or duty relating to the state. So a woman had a
private duty relating to her own household, and a public,
work or duty, which was the expan&on of those. The man's
work for his own home was maintenance, progress, defence
—the woman's order, comfort, and loveliness. The man's
duty to the commonwealth consisted in the maintenance
and defence of the state; the woman's duty as a member
of the commonwealth consisted in ordering, comforting, and
attending to the beautiful adornments of the State. Within
the human heart there was always set an instinct for all its
real duties. It was long since the women of England arro-
gated universally a title that once belonged to the nobility
only, that of lady, which rightly corresponded only to the
title of lord. He did not blame them for this, but only for
the narrow motive for it. They might claim the title of lady,
provided they claimed also the corresponding officc. Lady
meant bread giver, or loaf giver, as lord nreant tneintaincr
of:law ; and these had reference, not to law maintained in
the house, or bread given to the household, but to law main-
tained ter and bread broken among the multitude. They
w,re ladies if they cared for the bodies of their vassals ; they
were queens only as they became empresacs of their souls,
There was not 5. war i❑ the world, there was not au irj us .
rice doing in it, but women were answerable for it; not
that they had provoked it, but that they had net hin-
dered it. Men by their nature were prone to fight for
any cause ; it was for the women to choose the cause
for them. There wis no suffering injustice, or misery on
earth but women primarily were guilty of it. Men could
bear the sight of it; women should not bear the sight ci
it. Instead of exercising their power, women shut them..
selves within their garden gates, and were con'ent to
know that there were beyoni them, in the wilderness of
the world, secrets they did not penetrate, and sufferings
they did not attempt even Ito console. This was to him the,
most amazing thing among all the phenomena of humee,
nay. There was another garden besides that in which it
was :prettily said flowers would grow the better for those
who loved them. Did they never hear of a Magdalene who
went down into her garden at the dawn, and found ono
waiting at the gate whom she took for the gardener ?
Had we not sought Him often at the gate of that old
garden where the fiery sword was set ? He, was never
there. But at the gate of the other garden He was
waiting always, to take our hands, and to go down with
us to see the fruits of the valley, to learn whether the vino
had flourished and the pomegranate budded. Among the
hills and happy greenwood of this land of ours, should
the foxes have holes and the birds of the air have nests,
while the stones of the street cried out against the worneet
—the queens—of England, that there were no other pillows
than those stones whereon man, the son of man, could lay
his head ? (Applause.) A cordial vote to Mr Ruskin, on
the motion of Mr Butterworth, seconded by Dr. 'Wilkinson,
concluded the proceedings.

British Archmological Association.

An ordinary meeting of the members of the Bri,
tish Arct alt)logical Association was held on Wed.%
nesday evening, at their rooms in Sackville-street,
Dr. Copeland in the chair. It was stated by Mr
Roberts, one of the honorary secretaries, when an-
nouncing the election of some associates, that 55
had been added to their number since the com-
mencement of the present year.
Many objects of antiquarian interest were eihi-

bited. A bronze statuette of Mars,stated to have beery
found in London, was exhibited by Mr Bedder. This
statuette was evidently of Etruscan work, and in
very good preservation, Another statuette of Mars
in bronze, exhibited by Mr H, Syer Cuming, for
comparison with it, as of undoubted E ruican origin
was in a more mutilated condition. A variety of
interesting Roman, Saxon, and medico val fibu'te,
Szo., found in Suffulk, were exhibited by Mr Warren..
Lord Boston sent for inspection a fragment of a
panegyric on William IH., which had been presented
w William Lord Paget by the writer, the greater
part of whose name had been broken away. A
drawing of the axletree of an ancient British chariot,
found at Haydock, in Lancashire, was exhibited by
Dr. Kendrick. It was formed of oak, and in the
thickest part was 17in. in circumference. it was

discovered buried under 3 feet of mud, and the con,

dition of the wood was similar to that of ancient
British boats and other wooden implements of the
same period that have been discovered. A still more
curious relic of ancient British workmanship,
or rather adaptation, was the washer of the wheel
of a chariot, exhibited by Mr Cuming, which was
constructed from one of the vertebi to of a whale, A.
portion of one of several leaden brine pans of the
Roman era, found at Northwich, in Cheshire, was
exhibited by Dr Kendrick. The pans were about
3ft long and 4in deep, and the lead, which had been
cast, was three.eighths of an inch thick, The word.

D,:Tve" was distinctly visible on the fragment in
Dr Kendrick's possession. Two rudely.colistructed
earthernware pots, made by hand, with devices of
spades, hearts, clubs, and diamonds stamped upon

them, in the possession of the Rev. E. 1). Bolton,
of Ipswich, were exhibited as illustrations of the
mistakes sometimes made in giving fictitious anti-
quity to objects because they are roughly manufac-
tured. These pots had teen placed in the tenan
porary museum collected at Ipswich during the
recent meeting of the Archaeological Association
in that town, and were labelled as ancient
British; but the misrepresentation was soon pointed
out, and the notion that the ancient Britons might
have played at whist was dispelled by the visit of
the more experienced metropolitan antiquaries. The
pots had been in the possession of Mr Bolton for 30
years, but he was not aware of the circumstances
in which they had been found. Another instance
of the erroneous attribution of antiquity was exhi-
bited. It was a bell of Indian design which had
been supposed to be very ancient, but close inspec-
tio❑ proved it to be of modern manufacture.
Mr BLASIIILL read a paper on some sepulchral
crosses in Herefordshire, rubbings from which he
exhibited. They were of the 14th century, and
highly decorated. Some of the crosses were of
stone and others of metal, and, from the similarity
of design and exscution, Air Blashill inferred they
were all done by the same workman.

Mr ROBERTS expressed his dissent from that
opinion. He observed that at that period there was
so much uniformity in the designs and style of work
of different guilds that the workmanship, whether
in stone or metal, appered to be exactly similar,
though the objects might have been executed by
many different hands.

MC. ROBERTS read a letter from Mr Palmer, of
Newbury, in which he mentioned that excavations
are being successfully made at Silchester, under tho
direction of the Duke of Wellington, who is about
to form a large museum of the British and Roman
antiquities discovered. Silchester was an important
Roman station, and the Roman wall remaining
there is one of the finest in the kingdom.
Some other short communications were made to
the meeting, which then adjourned to Jan. 11.

The Knighthood of the Chief Magistrate.

Sir Thomas Henry is the 10th chief magistrate
appointed at the Bow-street Police-court. The first
was Sir John Fielding, the half-brother of Henry
Fielding the novelist, whom he succeded as a justice
of the peace. Henry Fielding found the magistracy
in so corrupt a state that it was considered a disres
putable office. Thejustices were paid by fees and were
called "trading justices." By refusing to accept what
he termed " dirty money," he reduced the income
from £5OO to £3OO per annum. Fielding was en-
gaged in carrying oat improvements in the police and
magistracy when he became disabled from ill health.
He was succeeded by his brother John Fielding, who
though blind, was a very efficient magistrate, and
carried out the new system with considerable energy.
In his time the payment of justices by fees was ego,
lished, and on the appointment of stipendiary magica
trates he became chief magistrate. He was knighted
in 1761. He died in 1780, and was succeeded
by Sir 'William Addington. The succeeding chief
magistrates were Sir Richard Ford, Mr. ltnd, Sir
Nathaniel Conant, Sir Robert Baker (who resigned
a
in consequence of a complaint against him that he
had allowed the funeral procession of Queen Caro-
line
Richardto b e
Birniediverted (w from tlie appointed course), Sir
had not been, a magistrate
previously to his appointment as chief), Sir F. A.
Roe, Mr. Hall, and Sir Thomas Henry. It will be
seen that only
two--Mr. Read and Mr. Hall—
declined the honour of knighthood, which is offered
to every chief magistrate, upon his e.ppointrnent. Sic
Frederick A, Rae, who was knighted in 1832, was
made a baronet in 1836, upon the death of his
uncle, Mr. Adair Roe, whose property he inherited.
Mr. Thomas James Hall, the late chi- f magistrate,
was appointed to that office in 1839. Thomas
Henry was called to the harin 1829, and appointed
a magistrate in 1840. He was originally app.*:nted
to Lambeth Police.court from which he vas
removed to Marlborcugla.street, and thence to
court, upon the resignation of Mr Twyford, in 1846
He was appointed chief magistrate on the retilea
meet of Mr Hall in the pre6ea, year.