The Sun.
London, England, 1864-12-12 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

THE " SPECTATOR" ON GEN. SHERMAN'S MARCH.
--The details of the American war do not often
excite the imagination. The vast extent of territory
over which the conflict is spread, the length of time
it has lasted, the absence of any commanding genius
on either side, the failure of both armies ever to
follow up success, and the snippety style of Amen.
can reporting, often eloquent and honest, but always
incomplete, all tend to diminish the interest of even
the most striking events, and little incidents it has
been almost impossible to follow. Military men, we
believe, affirm that there never was a war which
taught soldiers so much, but to the public tnere has
seemed something essentially and strangely un-
dramatic in the whole course of the war. At last,
however, we have an episode calculated to make
men who are not Americans draw their breath.
'There has scarcely occurred in modern warfare an
incident more exciting, more replete with the elee
merits of true interest, surprise, suspense, and magi.
nitade of possible result than the march of General
Sherman from Atlanta to the East Coast. That able
officer, the only one of the Northern side who has
yet kept a great army in movement over a long
period of time without suffering a reverse, has settle
ally undertaken, without a line of communications,
to carry an army of 60,000 metin3so miles through
a country tropical in all essential characteristics, in-
habited by an organised people of the same race as
his own soldiers, and pledged, as all men believe, to
resistance to the death. He plunges, as it were,
Into space, and space filled with threatening appear.
anus, projects his army like a shell over a continent,
resolved only that, after a march as long as from
Edinburgh to London, or, to use a better illnstra•
tion, from Benares to Calcutta, to will come out
victorious at the other end. The difficulties in the
way of such an enterprise are almost indescribable,
General Sherman has first of all to keep 60,000 men
n incessent movement for at least thirty days,
overthrowing or evading whatever may cross his
path, and this in a semi-tropical land, where
every undulation is a hill, every copse a forest, every
sun-crack a ravine. He has during all that space
of time to keep them fed, for though he can
carry biscuit and coffee, and that not easily, the bis-
cuit required alone amounting to 1,500,000 lbs, or
1,500 cartloads, he can carry nothing else, and if he
attempts to keep American soldiers on bread and
coffee alone his camp will very soon be a hospital,
and his men useful only when the prospect of actual
battle gives them unnatural strength. Then he has
to carry his sick, in itself a most perplexing pro.
blem. In a march like this, besides the ordinary
sickness incidental to a town with a population of
50,000, besides 01 the men struck down by fever
and dysentery and the incidents inseparable from
-vast crowds of men and beasts and carts in simul-
taneous movement, every footsore soldier is a sick
soldier, and whatever his rate of progress—and he
must move quickly—men will be dropping out at
every mile. They cannot he left behind even if the
General were the man to leave them, for the prate
tice demoralises the soldiery, makes them dread
every exertion which may entail a few hours' ill-
ness, every risk which may bring a wound. There
Is nothing for it but to carry them, and in so tre-
mendous a march they will be among the most
serious and embarrassing of impedimenta. Then
there is tho ammunition, not only to be carried but
to be spared, for he can get no more till he reaches
the sea, and powder and bullets must be served out
as if they were made of gold, the severest test that
can be applied to the discipline of an army, lithe
men once suspect there is deficiency there is an end
of order, for though individuals might be trusted,
no body of men without powder will advance on
enemies with it. Finally he has, while advancing
through an enemy's country and irritating its people
by the organised plunder necessary to feed his men,
to secure rapid, minute, and trustworthy informa-
tion, without which his soldiers must be for 30 days
permanently on the alert, i e., driven wild with
fatigue, excitement, and want of rest. Only a sin-
gular combination of circumstances could make such
an enterprise a hopeful or even a possible one, and
such a combination we are inclined to believe exists.
General Sherman is in the first place in command
of the best army the North has as yet produced,
the only one which can be said to have had
long experience in fighting and marching at the
same time, the only one which can be relied on to
move, as regular troops sometimes will, on restricted
rations supplied by chance. His force has been eole
lected for nearly a year, during the 'whole of which
time it has been accustomed to act together, has been
Incessantly " on service," and has learnt to under-
stand its General's qualifications and its own power.
The mere fact that General Sherman could make the
attempt at all, could plunge into the wilds without
supplies, could require la's soldiers to give up tents
and feed on bread alone, is clear proof of his ascend-
ancy and their obedience. His march, moreover, is
through a semi-tropical region, i e., a region
" sparsely" settled, in which population is aggre-
gated in smell villages placed at long intervals, in
which there are no great cities, and over which the
collection of armies is a very difficult and exceed-
ingly tardy process. These circumstances, more.
over, though they make the collection of food more
tardy, render it also more easy, the isolation of each
knot of people making resistance almost hopeless.
If indeed he burns all he does not want, he may by
driving men to despair provoke the despairing re-
sort fteeuregard dills on them to employ—the re-
moval, namely, of all cattle, all crops, and all sources
of food into the hills, whence they cannot be ex-
tracted without too much loss of time. We cannot,
however, believe that General Sherman has sanc-
tioned a policy so fatal not to the Confederates, but
to the discipline of his own army. The man is a
soldier, and an able one, and no able soldier ever yet
permitted troops whom he could pay to obtain a
taste for unlimited license and destruction. Ho
might as well reduce them to a mob at once. The
loss of barns and houses over a route of 30 miles
broad cannot cripple a State like Georgia, and it can
and will send every white man into the field as an
irreconcilable and most dangerous guerilla, while
the practice invariably throws the army which com-
mences it "out of hand." It has already ruined the
guerilla cavalry of the South. His own order die
recta destruction only when " bush whackers" assail
IT army, and it is his subordinates' interpretation of
his order which will work or prevent the mischief.
The negroes of course ho will gather up as he would
any other allies, and it is in the existence of this class
that the prospect of success in his daring expedition
chiefly lies. Tne peasantry of the country, the actual
workers and tillers, are, on the whole, on the in.
vaders' side, and if not irritated by an insane de-
struction of their subsistence as well as their masters'
will supply all deficiencies. There are no beasts of
burden like willing men. They can carry the sick,
drive on the cattle, keep the camps clean, ix.,
healthy, and bring in the only vital information,
the neighbourhood of cavalry, while the dread of
their sentiments spreads through the white inhani-
tants that sense of the absence of unanimity which
is so fatal to a despairing defence. Moving through
a vast half-populated but fertile region, in which
there are no centres and one half the population is
favourable to the invader, General Sherman, unless
resisted by armies, has in fact nothing to overcome
except the natural difficulties of distance, which
cannot be altered, of the rivers, which are few, and
of the climate. which he is encountering at the best
season of the year. But will he not be arrested by
armies ? The question is one hard to answer in this
country ; but comparing carefully the facts before
the world we, on the whole, think he will not be.
Where is the army to come from. General Sher-
man before he quitted Atlanta had most adroitly
suffered General Hood to begin a fool's dance towards
Tennessee, which renders it impossible for that
officer to turn on his track without exposing his
rear to General Thomas, who at present is leading
him further and further away. Hood may possibly
by a series of successes retake Tennessee, though we
doubt it, he having only 61,000 men "in his des
pertinent," i.e, in three States two armies and four
or five garrisons ; but that will not hinder General
Sherman's march any more than the seizure of Por-
tugal would have stopped Wellington's advance on
Toulouse. As for General Beauregard's proclama-
tions about coming assistance, he is simply whistling
like a boy in the dark to keep his courage up, His
men cannot travel in balloons, and without them
how is he to march from Corinth to Clinton, 320
miles in an air line, in time to catch up a force
pressing forward at 15 miles a-day. Southward
there is no force strong enough to arrest him even
if Mobile were abandoned, and northward there is
only General Lee I

Tuz ,t :T.— -
,XOSINER'' ON TROTTING TOO FAST.—
On Monday last
itehbe driver of a Hansom cab was
charged, at Mary
knocking, with occasioning the death
of a woman byher down et the corner of
Park-street and High-8
police.coturse.eat,
_Camden-town. The
first witness, a
.parkt :tie, deposed to seeing
the cab come along
eta furious
and turn the
corner, the horn trottingMr Yardley rate. On
is
snterposed—
which the magistrate
pigotog ath a
t, you can't say that a 'hors) trottinyg'im
furious pane." '1 hereby evidently
unless a horse be galloving, it (Linnet ha paid that
he is going at a furious, that is an ezczseiva p"ca,
The qui4 rcilindEr of the witness Was that the
horse was going ahnut 12 miles an honr ; and
another policrean stated that he saw the prisoner,
who had previously br,asti:d of having a horse that
" could go," mount his salt ant! drive away
"furiously" towards Park-street. We all know
that many horses can trot 12 miles an hour, and
even more ; and hundredsof Hansom cab horses will
trot at that rate, at least for a short distance. In
truth the question of trot or gallop would be
a very inadequate test of speed. Many of the Lon-
don cab horses, owing to foundered feet, weak loins,
or other defeete, bar) not a trot in them; the only

pace left them being a gallop, or rather a canter of
perhaps five or six miles an hour; and it would be
as absurd to charge the drivers in such cass with
furious driving because their horses wer 3 gelloping
as it is to excuse excessive speed bee it se it has
been attained under the more soberly-sounding de-
signation of trotting. In the case of railway vans,
again, the horses drawing them are a:ldom if ever
seen in a gallop, but the drivers are constantly
animadverted upon, and often punished, for their
furious and reckless speed. The question, therefore,
is not the particular nature of the horse's action, but
the degree of speed at which he is going, whether it
be sufficiently moderate to enable him to pull up
when his further progress becomes dangerous, and
also to enable a person of ordinary precaution to
keep out of his way. And surely Mr Yardley
cannot think that twelve or even ten miles an hour
would satisfy these conditions in the crowded tho-
roughfares of London and its suburbs. We really
think that Mr Yardley is bound to take an oppor•
tunity of retracting his observation, and the infe-
rence to be drawn from it. We have no fear of its
being drawn into a precedent by his brother magi.
strates ; for their worships carry their sense of inde.
pendence so far, that each seems to make a point
of framing his decisions so as to differ as widely
as possible from those of his conferes. But our
friends the cabmen will very naturally quote Mr
Yardley's dictum as authorising any degree of speed,
provided the horse be kept to his legitimate trot,
and be allowed to break out into a gallop, and the
next old woman who is knocked over in Camden
Town, or elsewhere, must comfort herself with the
reflection that it was done by fair trotting ; and
that the horse's feet, though they may have con.
signed her to the hospital or the grave, were never
all off the ground together.

THE " SATURDAY RETIEw" ON SIR GEORGE LEWIS
—A meeting which was lately held for the purpose of for-
mally opening a monument to Sir George Cornewall Lewis
required no immediate notice, because, although the prine
cipal speaker was a member of the Cabinet, all political
discussion was carefully avoided. Not only monuments
themselves, but the ceremonies with which they are dedi-
cated, ought to bo exclusively personal. When a church, or
a hospital, or even a painted window, is erected as a me-
morial, the purpose of utility or of decorative art reduces to
a secondary place the sentiment of gratitude or admiration.
It is as improper to advocate political theories in a funeral
discourse as to combine a monumental column with a chim-
ney. The soundest opinions may be held by the worst or the
weakest of men, who have nothing else in common with
wise and virtuous statesmen. Those who were personally
attached to Sir George Cornewall Lewis have every reason
to be satisfied with the honours which have been paid to his
memory. The House of Commons formally recognised his
death as a public loss, and the general regret of the com-
munity found suitable expression in the discriminating
eulogies of many public speakers and writers. Although his
career had scarcely brought him within the sphere of
general popularity, the unusually consistent testimony of
competent observers disclosed one of those simple and
equable characters which command English esteem and ad-
miration almost more certainly than brilliancy in act and
word. The dead are exempt from the drawback or reaction
which awaits those of whom all men speak well. It would,
indeed, have been impossible for an enemy to attack his re.
putation, and there was no enemy to try the experiment.
Mr Disraeli spoke of one of his most formidable adversaries
in terms of generous praise, and Mr Gladstone, having
occasion to quote Sir G. Lewis's opinion in support of a
disputed proposal, described him, in the proverbial phrase
of Virgil, as the justest of all men, and the most scrupulous
in his respect for right. The customary honours which are
paid to those who have deserved well of their country have
beonliberally awarded. A bust in Westminster Abbey and
a statue in the city of Hereford represent with more or lees
fidelity his outward appearance. A monument which
seems to be more impressive and appropriate has re-
cently been erected in his native county of Radnor. In
London, memorials to the dead, like almost all other objects,
are dwarfed and lost in a crowd. The Hereford statue,
which was opened by Lord Palmerston two or three months
ago, commemorates Sir G. Lewis's temporary connection
with a county which afterwards declined to re-elect him,
The desire to repair the slight was creditable to his friends
and political supporters, and they had the spirit and the
good fortune to entlist Lord Palmerston in their service as
the chief performer in the ceremony of opening or dedica-
tion. From the account of proceedings at Radnor, it ap-
pears that, in the neighbourhood where Sir George Lewis
and his family have lived from time immemorial, no poli,-
tical feeling interfered with genuine regard and admiration,
naturally heightened by praiseworthy local pride. It would
be difficult, perhaps, to justify on abstract grounds the in-
crease of self-esteem which depends on the consciousness
that a great or good man lives in the same county or the
same parish; but the complacency of re&cted merit serves
a useful purpose in providing willing and effective guar-
dians of the shrines or temples of indigenous saints and
and heroes. The small county of Radnor well deserves to
emerge for once from comparative obscurity or retirement,
both as the home and birthplace cf an eminent man, and
because it has felt and discharged the duty of doing honour
to his memory. At the meeting cn Wednesday week judi-
cious arrangements appear to have been rewarded by de-
served success. The parts in the ceremony were happily
I distributed, and the speakers did justice to the occasion and
to the subject of their discourse. There was fortunately an
excuse as well as a reason for excluding all political ele-
ments. It happened that Sir John Walsh, who represents
the county both as member and as Lord Lieutenant, has
always belor ged to the Cons,.rvative party. His speech was
perfectly free from any controversial bias, and it contained
in a short compass a just and able summary of Sir George
Lewis's career. He was first known as a scholar, and, as
Sir J. Walsh observed, ho would perhaps have been thought
in his youth fitter for a professor's chair than for the conduct
of public business. When, however, he succeeded his father
in the Poor Law Commission, he proved that his patience
and industry, his even temper, and his calm judgment were
as:applicable to the details of administration as to philological
and historical inquiries. The additional qualities which were
required when ho rose to the rank of Minister were also a
part of his moral and mental constitution. Sir John Walsh
expressed the opinion which prevailed among all parties in
the House of Commons when he descr bed, as the test of
Sir G. Lewis's capacity for Government and for Parliamen-
tary success,his power of acquiring confidence, The reasons
for reposing trust in a statesman are various, but the indis-
pensable condition is sincerity, combined with a healthy
intellectual conformation. Even a faint mixture of char-
latanism, even an occasional propensity to the cultivation of
crotchets, prevents either a deliberate assembly or a political
party front feeling at ease in the presence of a debater or a
leader. Passengers object to steersmen who try uncertain
channels, or who show their wit by going too near the shore,
It is extremely disagreeable to practise perpetual vigilance,
and to bo prevented from relying tranquilly on that authority
in matters of opinion which aro analysed in one of Sir G.
Lewis's Essays. It is but respectful to the spectators in
Parliament or in the country, to display the foundations of
a political measure, and to point out their fitness to sustain
the practical superstructure; but the task is greatly facili
tated when men take it for granted that the architect
understands his business. Sir G. Lewis never hid a fl tw
with plaster, and was incapable, even in the most insignifi-
cant part of the building, of trying to balawe a pyramid
upon its point. Lord Clarendon, as Sir G. Lewis's near
connexion and colleague, accepted in a singularly graceful
speech the tribute which had been paid to the worth and
services of his friend. He repeated and confirmed Sir John
Walett's statement that no man had ever been more remark-
able than Sir G. Lewis for his devotion to truth. His
simplicity and manliness of nature deprived him of all in-
ducement to take any advantage of an opponent, or even to
profit by a misconception. There were no mysteries or
puzzles in hie language or in his proceeding, and he pos-
sessed two important securities against all temptation to
insincerity, in his freedom from vanity, and in his keen and
enjoyable sense of humour, Love of fame was no infirmity
of his mind ; and, except as far as the opinion of others
might involve substantial benefit or disadvantage, he pro-
bably never considered for a moment what was said about
him in his absence. The hearty amusement which he
derived from watching the little contrivances and affecta-
tions of others would alone, perhaps, have disinclined him
from falling into similar obliquities. Another form of his
love of truth, as the Bishop of St. David's pointed out, was
exemplified by his laborious investigations of abstruse sub-
jects in which he thought that erroneous doctrines had
been propounded. Scarcely any critic has been so syste-
matically sceptical, and a fine instinct for the discovery of
imposture taught him always to suspect error or pretence
when marvellous propositions were enounced with unusual
gravity and positiveness of assertion. Unless the inhabi-
tants of Radnorshire exceed ordinary English communities
in cultivation, the majority of the audience may probably
have;been contented to have received the statements of the
Bishop of St. David's, without exercising too independent a
judgment of their own on the merits of Sir George Lewis's
examination of early Roman history or of the astronomy of
the ancients. It was,'llowever, highly fitting that ono of the
greatest of English scholars should testify to the learning
and literary honesty of the same man who had already
been eulogised as a statesman. Regarded from every side
Sir G.Lowis produced the same impression of characteristic
sincerity and truth.
THE "LONDON REVIEW" ON THE LONDON NEEDLE-
WOMEN.—There have been ncgrophilists who have refused

to use sugar because it was slave grown, and who would as
soon put on the poisoned shirt of Hercules as wear cotton.
But we have never heard of people feeling uncomfortable
about their linen because it may have been stitched by the
trembling hands of a halt-starved Englishwomen. To he
clue, the Englishwoman is free, and the slave :s not ; and
a v<sty delightful consciousness it must be to her while she
is making shirts at seven farthings apiece that she can take
those seven farthings into any market she pleases, and buy
with them what she likes. As a citiz,an she has certainly
the advantage over the slave. She is flee to work or not
to work ; no public conveyance, no place of entertainment is
closed against her. She has the same rights in the eyes of
law
as a countess or duchess. Yet practically she is no better
than a slave and in some respects indeed, not so happy. The
balance of evidence is in favour of the belief that the slave
is sufficiently fed. That is not the case of the London
needlewomen. How these poor creatures manage to exist
it is difficult to understand, except upon the explanation

that their living is a slow dying mostly ending in death.
The cases are not few in which this has been ascertained
to be the fact by legal investigation. How can it be other-
wise:? or, to take another view of the matter, is it sur-
prising that so many women live upon their personal at-
tractions when they see the dismal, prolonged ;misery
which needlework, the widest field at present open to fe-
male industry, entails ? On Monday last a woman was
charged at Worship-street with pledging six shirts, value
155., which had been entrusted to her to make up. When
needlework was slack she went out charing, or rather, we
should hope, when charing was slack, she took to needle-
work ? for charing, though not as refined an employment
as needlework, is neither sedentary nor so ill paid. Its
emoluments are not indeed large, but there are meals in
addition—and even without them the pay exceeds:the pro-
fits of :shirtmaking. Poor Anne Domangett working all
day into the small hours after midnight co ald make six
shirts in a day I This we should have thought a good
day's work had it been accomplished by machine. But she
did it all with her fingers, and the woman who employed
her seemed to think that so handy a seamstress should have
been above the dishonesty of pawning her employer's
goods. But what were the earnings of this poor creature
after such a day's toil ? Exactly tenpence ,halfpenny
Nay, not even that in clear gain—for she had to supply
herself with thread and needles, and, in the evenings, with
candle-light. Seven farthings for each shirt was her mu-
nificent reward—with, perhaps, a clear profit upon the
whole day's work of sevenpence. Two considerations arise
in contemplating such a case as this. First, the suffer-
ings of the needlewomen themselves, their ceaseless toil,
working their flesh literally off their bones through the
long dreary hours, from early morning till past
midnight, day after day, month after month, and year after
year, if it is possible that flesh and blood can yearly stand
such wear and tear. Who can say, knowing that Anne
Domangett's case is only one of thousands, that there is not
a stern necessity for the efforts which are being made to
open up fresh sources of occupation for women ? Here is a
worse than African slavery in the midst of us ; a freedom
which is perfect, but is yet a mockery. In a metropolis
gorged with wealth, shut up in their miserable garrets,
thousands of woman are enduring worse toil, with less food,
than the slaves on a Southern plantation. This is not only
a pitiable thing in itself and a reproach to us, but it exer-
cises a fatal influence on the morals of young women who
see on one hand these white slaves daily wearing out a joy-
less life, and, on the other, the comparative affluence of those
who forsake the thorny path of such ind ustry and purchase
freedom from its sufferings at the cost of virtue, This is
the second consideration, and it is in one respect the more
important of the two. For men who are indisposed to
work there is the resource of theft, with the prospect of a
prison. For women there is an alternative more terrible
indeed in fact, but, wo fear, not so in the unsound judg
ment of too many ill-regulated minds. To those who scoff
at the efforts made to find women other employment than
the wretched labour of the seamstress, this view of th e
matter is worth considering. Such efforts tend towards a
twofold result, to procure remunerative work for the indus-
trious, and to makelndustry less terrible in the eyes of those
who are not inclined to it. Needlewomen who. after they
have undergone a day's work more slavish and exhausting
than breaking stones on the highway, have not been able
to earn the price of a single wholesome meal, are an anomaly
in a civilised and wealthy nation. But the example of their
unrequited drudgery preaches a dreadful lesson of discou-
ragement to their sex.

THE " READER" ON THE LATE EARL OP CARLISLE,—
The death of the genial and kind-hearted nobleman who
expired last Monday afternoon within the princely walls of
Vanbrugh's Castle Howard leaves a blank in society which
will be felt by all classes. It would be difficult to conceive
a character better suited to that position which, especially
in his riper years, he seems to have singled out for himself
to fill. Amply qualified, by a fine taste and cultivated
mind, to shine in his own sphere, the late Lord Carlisle had,
moreover, a large benevolence and an innate love of good
and beauty for their own sake, which throughout his life—
too early brought to an end—were ever widening the circle
which shared the benefit of his varied attainments. He was
distinguished as a scholar in his youth, and had, in his
earlier political life, been accustomed to the solace of literary
pursuits during the intervals of business ; bu t it was not
until the close of his career as Lord Morpeth in the lower
house, in 1848, on his succession to the peerage, that the
qualities for which his memory will be most cherished began
to be fully appreciated. The offices of state which were then
conferred upon him either demanded for their due perform-
ance the exhibition of those high social qualities which he
professed, or they left him leisure to occupy at the same
time his chosen sphere of usefulness. As Lord Lieutenant
he won the affections of the warm-hearted Irish people by
his engaging manners and genial hospitality, and he like-
wise endeared himself to the shrewd Yorkshire mechanics
by the enlightened eloquence and liberality of his public
addresses. It is rather of Lord Carlisle than of Lord Mor-
peth that it is our province to speak. Yet the political
capacity of the late Earl may be regarded as bearing on,
and harmonising with his social character. His term of
office in the House of Commons was passed in troublous
times, and there were occas'_ons when firmness as well as
temper was necessary to the maintenance of the position he
held. But what is mainly remarkable throughout his
career is the appreciative tact by which he gained the re-
gard of all parties alike. Neither on this side of the Irish
Channel nor on the other have political or religious dif-
ferences in any degree lessened the kindly feeling which
adheres to the memory of the deceased Earl of Carlisle.
Such a power of gaining universal esteem can hardly be
consistent with originality of character or great depth of
thought; yet it c irries with it a just and (generally) a
salutary influence. In the c tso of the late Earl it implied
tho conscious superiority of a noble nature, which enabled
him to extend a helping hend to his humbler fellow-
workers, and to give them not only the patronage of his
rank, but his friendly aid to become more like himself. To
the public at large, beyond the circle of his personal
friends, and apart from Ministerial position, he has thus, of
late years, been chiefly known as a singularly eloquent
speaker and lecturer on social and literary subjects at popu-
lar meetings and Mechanics' Institutes. These various
addresses form an important part of his contributions to
literature. George Frederick William Howard was the
seventh Earl of Carlisle. He was born on the 18th of
April, 1802, and educated at Eton and Christ Church,
Oxford, where, in the year 1821, he gained both the New-
digate prize for his English poem " Paestum," and the
Chancellor's medal for his Latin " Eleusis," In 1823 he
took a first-class degree in the Classical 'Tripes, and
shortly afterwards he accompanied his uncle, the
late Duke of Devonshire, as aMache to the em-
bassy to Russia on the coronation of the Emperor Nicholas.
In 1826 he was returned to Parliament for the family
borough of Morpeth. In 1828 he published a five-act
tragedy in verse, called " The Last of the Greeks ; or, the
Fall of Constantinople." The work is not without poetic
feeling, but it wants dramatic power. The young Lord
Morpeth now devoted himself to political life, in which he
consistently adhered to the Whig party. In 1829 he took
an active part in the passing of the Emancipation Act, and
in the ensuing year was returned for the West Riding of
Yorkshire. In 1835 he became a privy councillor, and from
that time till the fall of Lord Melbourne's ministry, in 1841,
was chief secretary for Ireland, under the lieutenancy of
Lord Mulgrave (afterwards Marquis of Normanby), having
in the course of that time the charge of the Irish Tithes
Bill, the Irish Municipal Reform Bill, and the Irish Poor
Law Bill. Being now freed from Parliamentary duties, he
spent a year in the United States and the West Indies,
taking a special interest in the slavery question, on the
side of abolition, then much less popular than it now is
with the upper classes in the North. On his return to Eng-
land he began the series of his popular addresses at
Mechanics' Institutes. A collection of 12 of them has been
published (in 1852) in Longman's Traveller's Library, un-
der the title " Lectures and Addresses in aid of Popular
Education." They range in date from 1843 to 1851, and
were, for the most part, delivered at various towns
in Yorkshire, and on such subjects as "The Benefits of
Education," "The 'Union of Labour and Intellectual At-
tainments," " The Improvement and Development of the
Intellect," " The Great Exhibition of 1851," and " The
Objects of Mechanics' Institutes." In 1846 Lord Morpeth
was again returned to Parliament for the West Riding, and
appointed Chief Commissioner of Woods and Forests. In
October of the same year he delivered an address to the
members of the Manchester Athenaeum, which is printed
in a collection of speeches on "The Importance of Litera-
ture to Men of Business," published by Messrs. Griffin
in 1852. A speech of Lord Morpeth's on Sanitary Re-
form, delivered in the House of Commons on the 30th
of March, 1847, was also printed and published in that
year. In 1848 his lordship was removed to the House
of Peers, and in 1850 was appointed ChanCellor of the
Duchy of Lancaster, which office ho retained for two years.
In the same year he delivered two lectures at Leeds, which
are amongst the most esteemed of his works—one on the
poetry of Pope, and the other on his own travels iu America.
These lectures were printed in 1851, and aro also comprised
in Messrs. Longman's volume. Another lecture of the
same class, " On the Writings of Gray," is prefixed to a
collection of Gray's poems, published at Eton at about this
time, In 1853 Lord Carlisle gave further expression to his
sentiments on the slavery question in a preface to " Uncle
Tom's Cabin," and published another address, delivered at
a meeting in aid of evening classes for young men in Lon-
don and the suburbs. In the same year he was appointed
Lord Rector of the University of Aberdeen. In June of the
same year he left England for a tour in the East, a pleasant
account .f which, written in an easy agreeable style ho pub-
lished on his return borne, in 1854, under the title "A
Diary in Turkish and Greek Waters." An edition of this
work was published at Boston, U.S., in 1855. His lordship
went to Constantinople by way of Vienna, saw the English
squadron in Besika Bay ready to sail into the Black Sea,
and paid a visit to the Tread. The volume contains pie.
turet quo dem iptions of scenery, particularly in the ace
count of Rhodes., and in some speculations on the site of
Troy; the author's classical tastes leading him to reflect
ou the remote past rather than to speculate cn the great
modern contest then about to begin, In the following year
the Earl of Carlisle was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ire-
land, in which poet he remained, except during the few
months of Lord Derby's second government in 1858, until
his failing health compelled his resignation last September.
When out of office during the short interval above men-
tioned, his lordship's pen was again taken in hand. to try