The Sun.
London, England, 1852-08-07 00:00:00

THE FORCE OF CIRCUMSTANCES.

In every phase of life we trace the Force of Circum-
stances; they come and sweep past us, and carry us
along with them; we find ourselves insensibly altered
and changed by their influence. The young girl who
planned and loved an ideal picture i 3 not the same that
sits brooding over the past, counting its moments with
as much veneration as the monk his beads! No; she,
too, is altered by the ;tide of human affairs. What
mother, or what -wife, looking back over the past, has
found her future carved nut? Some there are who,
having centred their hearts' requirement on lore, have
found it answered more a thousand-fold than they could
have hoped or expected. But how often in our transit
through the world—in our expericace—have wo not
-heard sketched the sunny picture which a woman has
drawn of her youth, and the bitter contrast presented
by actual events. Young, eager, and enthusiastic; full
of the wild spirit of joy which the consciousness of
young life imparts, before we have lived through the
trying experience of others, before we have tasted either
of deep grief or irarneaiurable joy, she gives her heart,
and she thinks she has done all! And what sacrifice
more can she make? What has a woman to give more
precious to man then the love of a young, confiding, and
unsuspecting heart? Full of life—impressed with a
consciousness of her own purity and devotion—she pours
forth all the treasures of her thought at man's feet; she
lets him into all the little weaknesses of her nature; she
unfolds her nameasurable love ; she plans a happy
future; she fancies she boars the joyous tones of infant
voices, in the distant horizon of her life, sweep past
like the tone of a distant bell; she places her little joys
in them—the happiness they must afford her. In fancy
she rears them to brilliant positions; she makes them
all like herself—good and pure; she gives them her
thoughts, she inspires them with her own elevated sea-
timents, and the husband of her choice with undying
love and tenderness! How of:,n_
will hope that it
is not always thus—how often, we swa°
yare these dreams
disappointed! She watches the dyie'g out of love, of
kindness; she has her children; as long as they are
young, her pictures still
she
tilieonlotivneuse •ue ; they are her hap-
piness and her..c
then tenderly, and cherisheslime. et cm all, watches over
aca early indication of
;seargoodnes and talent. poredcal r, dissipates her il-
lusions cumstances- turn
the ehildrebnanefr,sreality are not ideal
fferently from what
she anticipated;
children; they are lawman
good, others
bad—their fates are determineec-strefeForce of Cir-
cumstantsen, wiaich works out quiesly uture for each,
but which, however brilliant it may bae is not what she
plineed!—Elicce Cook's Journal.

THE ELECTIONI37—'I
aaBERy.
(From the Derby Reporter of A
--sug. 6.)
ACT 11.
Oa Friday last the Conservatives were in high
glee, and were openly boasting that they had at l t
obtained a clear case of bribery against the Liberals.
s
The rumour went that Mr. William Longdon,
of Queen-street, had given a freeman named
Broughton three guineas to vote for Messrs. Boas
and Hayworth, and that Broughton had signed a
paper to that effect. It now appears from the
admissions of Broughton himself that he was intox-
icated when he signed the falsehood, and we under-
stand that on his becoming sober be expressed great
contrition for what he had dons,. Mr. Longdon was
indignant at having a fake accusation made against
him, and on Monday last he went to the Police-
office, Broughtoa bsicg also present. There were
present the Mayor, Dr. Bent,
wood, and Mr. Gisborne. Mr. Boman, Mr. Hay-
Mr. Longdon, addressing the bench, said be ap-
peared before the
Re had been repeatedly
on a rather unpleasant business.
repeatedly told that he had bribed an
elector,dd the who was then present. lie most emphatically
accusation, and was prepared to do so
upon oath. But perhaps in vindication of his cha-
racter
andti ler! t(ll;Tat
the beach would hear the man's explanation,
truth be publicly known.
What had ethrne strongly objected to this course.
this person's eY to do either with rumours or with
have notta story ? The Magistrates would soon
tag els
e to do if they must decide upon such
matters.
The My0a....4, s
said--I
harm.
has to sty; th et us at any rate hear what the man
at can do Broughton then
kind;
_I had no thought of doing
anything of this
coming past a The Chequers"
on Wednesday last I was
man named David Stanerrs" in Willow-row A
Y was standing at the bottom
of the entry—
The Mayor—Was this the s
utttaneabY connected
with the petition against Mr. Sty
Broughton—Yes. -Stanealsy al4,..acr Mr. Gower ?
i%
in strong
the yard, where I saw John Ford. The tne nto mink
eightpenny ale, and they
ge g
I remained several hours. They did net aBk me t me someo.
pay any thing.
;gain protested against this
Mr. any
statement being heard. It would appear as man'sif u the
Magistrates were' acting as partizans.
The Mayor said there WilS no partizan in the case,
lin, el'" It was Mr. Gishorne hirose;f.
lux. i Ihhorne said the tusgistrates hail nothing to do
with the matter in an v i'''zlr •
Mr. Lengdon—But 1 eta not to be vilified, Mr.
Gisborno. by falsi, aceu,ations. •
The Mayor—Let the man i;n1,11 his statement.
Broughton--I 'nave come -here to state publicly
that I made a
false
statom,„• t Mr• Longdon.
I have never received one
or anybody else to vote for m
rank. oaels . --p-ebrin-B;afiraosm Mr.. Longdon
rs Bass and Hey-
worth. I was very d
I.Vednesday,as da_nnakinnogt
far short of it on Thursday aa-or
with them, and they took me off fnriong.
the Iv
public-housedrinking
statementm I
to Mr. Mousley's to make the
been bribed to vote for Messrs. _ that
_rhad
Web, and it was taken down in .'''s. and IleY-
writaa2,.. I was

not far short of being drunk at the time. I mean to
say that that statement was entirely false, and lam
ready to say so here upon oath. Ford said he was
employed in these matters, and when I came out of
Mr. Mousley's office he gave me balf-a-crown. lam
very sorry for what I have done. He then stated
that he received 303. on the morning of the election
from a person whom he named, and was told to vote
for Llorsfall. He kept the money, but did not vote
for Horsfall.
Mr. Gisborne—And no doubt you are paid for
this. You are are not to be believed.
Mr. Madeley (who was in court) here asked,
" Have you been paid ?"
Mr. Gisborne checked Mr. Madeley, and said he
had no business to interfere unless he was a ma-
gistrate.
Mr. Heywood—Have you been paid anything to
come here? Broughton—No, positively not.
Mr. Heywood—Has any one promised to pay you
anything ? Broughton—No, not a farthing.
Dr. Bent—Did you make the statement that was
taken down on oath ? Broughton—No,
I did not ;
I am positive I did not.
ir. Gisborne—You voted for Bass and Heyworth?
Broughton—l did ; but was not paid for it. Brough-
ton again said that he was ready to take his oath on
the subject ; but the Meyor told him the Bench had
nothing to do with that, and advised him for the future
to keep better company.—(Laughter.)
~.••••11M1COMOGROMMINOIS

THE IRISH SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH.
EDITOR
Northern Whig, on the
of h morning wefind an
Sir,—ln your paper
TO THE
Ot
FIESTHETES.
to the submarine cable arti
subjectcle copied
frcm re-
centlyPort-
laid across
from
te
on the subject, we trust
patrick to Channel,Donahtandeee,lTbriyoshthe Electrio Telegraph
prevent, therefore, the
pu company and
justice to the
Cobmlipoanfyromofbe
that, in n Ireland.
misled
ourselves, you
will publish in your next paper the following
statement of facts :—On Saturday, the 24th
of July, the submarine cable was successfully laid
from the Copeland Island, about a mile from the
Irish shore, to within a short distance of Port-
patrick, the insulation being perfect, and Mr. Glyde,
the company's electrician, having passed several com-
munications through the wires, the ends of the cable
were securely bronzed until a rope of a powerful
construction, capable of resisting the wash of the
waves on either shore, could be made and joined
to the ends to connect the cable and the land wires.
This rope is now being manufactured with the
greatest dispatch by Messrs, W. Kuper and Co.,
patent metallic wire ropemakers, Grand Surrey
Canal, Camberwell, the wire being supplied by Messrs.
Brown and Co., wire manufacturers, of Birmingham.
The piece of rope raised by the schooner from
Larne, as mentioned in the article copied from
the Northern Whig, was merely laid to form a
temporary connexion with the shore, to enable the
gentlemen on board the steamer, superintending the
laying of the submarine cable, to hold a communica-
tion with Mr. Deering, the patentee of the electrical
instruments, who was at the company's station at
Donaghadee.
The submarine cable will be permanently con-
nected with the Scotch and Irish shores on the first
favourable tide, and as soon as the land wires are laid,
which are now being done with the greatest dispatch,
the company will be prepared to send telegraphic
messages from all parts of England and Scotland to
the north of Ireland.—We have the honour to be, sir,
your obedient servants,
SANDIFORTH F. GRIFFIN, C.E.
WILLIAM L. GILPIN,
The Electric Telegraph Company of Ireland,
2, Moorgate-street, London, Aug. 5.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE.
(From the London New Price Current, Aug. 6.)
SUGAR.—To-day West India Sugar was operated cn
with reluctance for home trade purposes, although
offered upon rather lower terms, or at prices 6d per cwt
under Friday last. The quantity sold was only 400,
making for the week 1,900 hhds, &c. At auction today
75 hhds 22 tres and 75 brls Demerara crystalized were
taken in at 353 to 42s for ord to fine yellow, 100 hhds
Trinidad were withdrawn, 37 hhds 26 trcs Jamaica
found buyers, fine brown 31s 6d to 325, ord yellow 32s
61 to 335, 15 hhds Demerara fair brown 31s, and 14
hhds 12 trcs 13 brls Barbsdoes, low to good mid yellow
318 6d to 34s 6d, and fair brown 30s 61 to 3ls per cwt.
REFINED.—Today home dealers were not induced
to extend their operations in Refined Sugar, although
brown lumps were obtainable at 44s to 44s 6d, and low
to fine grocery at 463 6d to 47s 6d. Crushed Sugar is
yet operated in with caution for shipping, and there are
ready sellers at former rates.
.MAITRITIIIS.—This afternoon Mauritius Sugar met
with little attention, and previous terms aro barely sus-
tained. A part only of 3,200 bags at public sale found
buyers, mid to fine yellow at 32s 6d to 363 6d, ord 31s
to 325, good to fine brown 28s to 30s 6d, refining 30s to
355. and grainy brown 31s to 32s 6d per cwt.
EAST INDIA.—This afternoon Penang Sugar was in
larger supply, and of 5,000 bgs at auction not above
hale sold at prices in favour of buyers; low to good
white went at 34s to 35s 63, yellow 27s 6d to 31s,
Mauritius sorts 303 to 33s 6d, and soft brown 26s 63 to
27s 6d. There is a quiet market for Bengal, and prices
gave way 63 per cwt. Of 3,44 S bgs at auction barely one-
half sold ; low to mid white Benares at 34s to 353 6d,
good to fine 36s to 381 63, damp 33s to 37s 6d, Mauri-
tius sort, mid to fine 31s to 355, and fine grainy 3 ellow
39s to 40s. _ _ _

FoREIc:T.-TO day the private operations in Foreign
were of little moment for all purposes; although there
are niters at easier rates, none we: e offered at auction.
COCOA.-Although the consumption of West India
continues favourable, and prices are 6s to 8s per cwt
under this time last year; still there is a reluctance to
operate, but holders are inclined to sell at a farther re-
duction. By private contract only small parcels have
been disposed of; Trinidad, grey at 283 to 323, low to
mid red 32s 64 to 353, good to fine 363 to 405. At auc-
tion 250 bags Grenada were sold at 26a 64 to 335, the
prices required for better sorts being 34s to 365. Foreign
attracts tittle attention; there are sellers of Bahia and
Pare at 953 to 263, and Guayquil at 303 per cwt.
Moaassas.-There are few buyers of West India, and
supply being on the increase, prices are on the decline.
Antigua and Barbadoes can be obtained at 14s to 15e,
St. Kitts and Lucia 12s to 133 ad per cwt. Other sorts
are dull of sale, with sellers of Bengal and Mauritius at
12s to 12s 6d, Porto Rico and Cuba 14, ad to 153 ad
per cwt. Of Tamarinds supply is not sufficient for the
demand; the prices Reid for West India aro 24s to 403,
and Rest India 7s to las per cwt. Several buyers of
Honey: Jamaica at 35s to 503, Cuba 32, to 40s, and
Narbonne 503 to 603 per cwt; supply continues small of
all sorts.
CoreEE.-Te-day Plantation Ceylon Coffee was in
excellent demand, and former rates are well sustained
for all sorts. At auction 400 cks nearly all sold ; good
mid to good went at 60s to 64s 6d, low mid to mid 55s
to 59,, other sorts 493 to 543, and triage 433 to
48s. The Native market is firm, but little doing,
and 150 cks at auction were taken in at 453 for
good ord. Mocha met with little notice, and
price 3 rather declined. At auction 600 bls and 70 bps
were sold, ord to good clean garbled at 70s to 76s 6d,
mid and good long berry 863 to 88s 64, ungarbled 60s
to 663, and triage 503 to 555. Of Brazil 3,864 bags
were taken in at 403 for good crd export sort; 180 half-
barrels Malabar at 463 for good ord, but 152 bags Costa
Rica sold at 51s for fine ord, and 20 casks Jamaica at
l 48s to 51s for fine and fine fine ord.
12E,!..-Publie sales aro declared for Thursday; the
present arattracting
quantityo at present is 12,000 pkge. For low and good
to sell rather and
.u. ngou there are sveral buyers at 7d to 8,3e1 per lb,
'au Ina market has a firm Reeal. The btr sor
is well supplied.
cblackish
l leaf
e to Hotpot,blackish a and aleafdesire
at 9iis
to evincesid,
in demand, and
keeping small, but inferior strong and
!orts lid to Is 64, and the market
Fineis
and good Souchong are still much
Id to is 10d readily paid, supply
Oolong and mid met with a slow sale
good at is to is Bdgarnerins in
at 8d to is.
Pouchona Continues to be good request, fine and
is small. Green Tea cannot to mid at 84 to is. Clean
tutted at 5d to 7d, and supply
peratiognenerally be obtained under
late terms, although 0
the week, with a plentifulsnppryen o t ply hove
been limited daring
y
following are the
prices our
for Green-H son of
low to mid quality at is to is 2d,
2s 3d, choice 2s 44 to 23 104, yougnooduYgnti, to fin© 13 3d to
to 11d, Hyson kind Is to is 7d,gfinean Canton, 8d
2s 24, Twankay 10d to Is, Gunpowder Canton
la 84 to
Is; Hyson sort is 3d to 2s 7d, fine 2s 8d toanston 94 to
Im-
perial Canton 104 to Is Id, Hyson sort is 2d tots 244,)
8d to 10d, Scented 10d to is 3d, and
Ilyeen skin 7d - r
to le.
A larger demand exists for Flowery Pekoe, ,but supply
being ample there is no advance, fine selling at la 9d to
3s 3d, and low to good Is 24 to is 84. Scented Orange
Pekoe has met with little attention, and a desire is
evinced to sell good to fine at is to Is 84, low to mid 9el
to 11d. Scented Caper is still dull of sale and offered
upon low terms.
SPICES.-TO-clay at auction 100 cases, 240 bags East
India Ginger were sold, fair Coehin 37s to 38s, rough
Bengal 163 6d to 17s; 40 brio Jamaica at 21 is to 71 for
good ord to fine. Of Cloves 6 cases Penang sold at 104
to 101 d; 3 cases Mace at is 84 to 23 5d for low to good;
and 5 cases brown Nutmeffs 2s 3d to 33 per lb.
SPIRITS.-There is still a reluctance to operate in De-
merara Rum; supply does not diminish, and prices re-
main low, 33 to 40 per cent over proof being offered
at 2s to 2s Id, and 28 to 32 over at Is 10.1 to Is I Id
par gallon. In Leeward Island sales have been
immaterial, and is 5d to is 5d is now the value
proof; but supply is not morn p • lenttful East India
has been operated in with caution,.
and Is 44 is the
There quotation for fair quality. is
for -no general decline
Jamaica; still exporters
luta-
and home dealers are re,
ent to make purchases, awl supply is plentiful.
Superior marks 35
taittPd at 33 44 t0.0t5013083 per cent over proof can be ob-
. good 32 to 3r a , , fine 2s 94 to 3s 34, good mid to
I ever 2s 3d to 9 .
2s 24, and low ... 84, mid 30 to 32 over 2s to
The 26 to 28 over is 104 to
value of rf is lid per gallon.
prices are avannah is is ad a to is 3id p-oof, The l
ro not the means ofextending. ' • Ow
country or on the
have been again - Continent. Operations in Brand
sit:option large; important; stocks are moderate, cony-
Cegnac best l; prices are firm, and rule as follow:-
to 4s 7d, 1850 ditto 4of the vintage of 1851 at 4s 5d
to 53 3d, 1848 dittos 59d to 4s 11d, 1849 ditto 5s Id
63 Bd, low to mid 33 to 45i
1 64
to 5s Bd, older 6s to
per gallon. In the Britist, and Bordeaux 2s to 2s 3d
not much activity; still .._made Spirit trade there is
91 7d to 9s 64 cash; Litt 83f44a are not lower, ruling at
2d to 8a ad for 22 under,

and 17 ditto 8s Sd to 8s 93. Geneva met with more
attention at Is Sd to is 9d, and fine ditto at 2s to 2s 3d
per gallon.
RICE.—A. material increase has taken place in the
demand for East India this week, chiefly for speculative
purposes, and an advance has been established of 3d to
6d per cwt. The total transactions are 11,000 bags,
and prices now rule for Bengal, good to fine white at
9s 9d to 1 ls, ordinary to middling 9s to 9s 6d, broken
83 9d, Madras 83 to 93, Coringa grain 9s to
9s 6d, white Java 9s 6d to 12s, Cargo Bs, and Moulmein
9s to 10s. For arrival Arra= is held for 8s 6d to 9s
per cwt. The potatoe blight is the chief cause of the
increase in operations in Rice. Cleaned Rice has been
dealt in with greater freedom ; Patna 118
to 16.5, American 18s to 12s, and town dressed
Carolina 21s to 275. In Sago little is doing, and
a part only of 650 chts at auction sold at 17s to lis 6d
for medium grain, mid small being taken ha at 16s. Sago
Fl4lr6rd.keeTpaspi ioncasmall
u 181 noptpslayle; anelis
there
are wantedsellers
at 2d to 4id.
i Bahia and Para 14e1 to 21d. For Arrow-
root demand s not better; Bermuda can be obtained at
01t43Rtioo
is to is ld, St. Vincent's 2id to 6d, East India and
Brazil, lid to 2d per lb.
INDIGO.—Since the conclusion of the quar',,erly sale of
East India, exporters and home dealers have operated
with caution, and sales do not exceed 700 chests. Still
merchants are firm and require full prices for all sorts.
Prices are firm for Spanish, end there are several
buyers of inferior; but better kinds are at present at-
tracting little notice.
COCHINEAL—This afternoon Cochineal attracted little
notice, and 80 bags at auction only in part sold; Hon-
duras silvers low to fine at 3s lld to 4s 3d, black 4s 3d
to 53 Bd, Teneriffe 4s 2d to 4s sd; Mexican black 4s 3d
to 4s 6d, and silvers 3s 10d to 3s lld per lb.
SALTPETRE.—SaItpetre met with more attention, and
the public sales of 1,700 bags Calcutta went at full
prices, the chief portion finding buyers; refraction 44
to 51 per cent went at 28s to 23s 6d, 74 ditto 275, and
124 ditto 253 per cwt.
TALLow.—This afternoon the public sales of Tall w
went at stiffer rates; 360 pkgs South American selling
at 363 to 383 3d for low to fine; 480 cks Australian,
mutton at 36s to 38s 3d, beef 351 to 37s per cwt.
SOUTHERN public sale this afternoon of 96
tuns went at lower rates, mid to fine quality selling at
341 to 351 per tun.

THE LONDON GAZETTE, Aug•

FOREIGN-OFFICE, AUG. 3, 1852.
The Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. Benjamin
Abraham Franklin as Consul in Jamaica for his Majesty the
King of Denmark.
CROWN-OFFICE, AuG. 4.
MEMBERS RETURNED TO SERVE IN THE PARLIAMENT
SUMMONED TO BE HOLDEN AT WESTMINSTER, ON
FRIDAY THE 20TH DAY OF AUGUST, 1852.
County of Somerset (Eastern Division)—William
Esq., of Abbotsleigb, in the said county ; William Francis
Knatchbull, Esq., of Babington. in the same county.of Kings-
Western Division—Charles Aaron Moody, Esq.,
don, in the said county ; William Henry Powell Gore Lang-
ton, Esq., of Newton Saint Loe, in the same county.
City of Bath—George Treweeke Scobell, Esq., Captain
R.N., of High Littleton, in the said county ; Thomas Phinn,
Esq., barrister-at-law, of the Inner Temple, London.
Goodenough
City of Wells—The Right Hon. William
Hayter ; Robert Charles Tudw, Esq.
Borough of Taunton—The Right Hon. Henry Labouchere ;
Arthur Mills, Esq.
Borough of Bridgewater—Charles John Kennys Tynte,
Esq. ; Brent Spencer Follett, Esq.
Borough of Frome - Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. Robert
City:of London—John Masterman, scl• ;
Edward Boyle, of Hill-street, Berkeley-square,
E London.
AUGUST 6. the Right Ho-
nourable John Russell, commonly called Lord Johhiii Russecom-
ll
Sir James Duke, Bart • Lionel Nathan Rothscld,
monly called Baron Lionel Nathan de Rothschild.
County of Cornwall (Eastern Division the
James
Wynne Pendarves
Agar, Robartes, Esq., of Lanhydrock, in the said county ;
INimrcheosltasernlieDnidvaisll,oEn—sqE.,dowf
aPredlywn,iliiniatmhe said county.
Esq., of Pendarves, in the said county ; Sir Charles Lemon,
Borough of ' Truro—Henry
sea; John Ennis Vivian, Esq of
Bart., of Carclew, in the said county.
Hussey Vivian, Esq., of Swan.
Borough of Bodminwiniain Michell, Esq., of Bodmin ;
Charles Brune Graves Sawle, Esq., of Restarmel, is the said
county.
Borough of Penryn—Howel Gwyn. Esq., of Bagban House,
Truro.
in the county of Glamorgan ; James William Freshfield, Esq.,
of Betchworth, in the county of Surrey.
Borough of Launceston—The Honourable Josceline Wil-
liam Percy.
Borough of Liskeard—Richard Budder Crowder, Esq., of
Carlton House-terrace, London.
Borough of llelston—Sir Richard Rawlinson Vyvyan,
Bart.
Borough of St. ' Ives—Robert Michael Laffan, Esq., of
Otham Lodge, in the county of Kent.
WAR-OFFICE, AuG. 6.
3d Regiment of Dragoon Guards—Ensign Charles Blood
Mulville, from 99th Foot, to be Cornet, by purchase, vice
Cannon, who retires, Aug. 6.
44th Regiment of Foot—Ensign Samuel Cooper to be Lieu-
tenant, by purchase, vice Ottley, who retires, Aug. 6.
52d Foot—Ensign the Honourable Henry Flower to be
Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Dixon, who retires, Aug. 6.
69th Foot—Ensign George Frederick Gildea to be Lieute-
nant, by purchase, vice Butler, who retires, Aug. 6.
89th Foot—Ensign William Cecil George Pery to be Lieu-
tenant, by purchase, vice Drummond, who retires, Aug. 6.
promotionsADMlßALTY,ave this
JULY
30.
The following taken place, con-
sequent on the death, on the 29th instant, of Admiral of the
Blue Sir John Wentworth Loring, K.C..8., K.C.IL
Vice-Admiral Matthew Buckle,

Vice-Admiral John Allen.

Tice-Admiral Christopher John Williams Nasham,
on the Reserved List, to be Admirals on the same list.

Vice-Admiral of the Red Sir Charles Bullen, G.C.8.,K.C.11.,

to be Admiral of the Blue.
Vice• Admiral of the White Sir Francis Mason, K.C.8., to be

Vice-Admiral of the Red.
Vice-Admiral of the Blue Charles James Johnston to be

Vice-Admiral of the White.
Rear-Admiral of the Red Charles Sibthorp John Haw-
tayneßer.A ral of thedtmoibeVice-A White E
Vice-Admiral ofdtwhaerßd lue.
ay
to be Rear-Ad-
miral of the Red.
Rear-Admiral of the Blue Maurice Frederick Fitzhardinge
Berkeley, C. 8., to be Rear-Admiral of the White.
Captain Henry William Bruce to be Rear-Admiral of the
Blue.
Commissions by the Lord-Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire.
Alan James Gulston, Esq., to be Deputy Lieutenant; John
Lloyd Davies, Esq., to be Deputy Lieutenant, Aug. 3.
Commissions by the Lord-Lieutenant of Flintshire.
Sir John Hanmer, Bart., to be Deputy Lieutenant; Sir
William Henry Clerke, Bart., to be Deputy Lieutenant;
Philip Davies Cooke, Esq., to be Deputy Lieutenant ; Ed-
ward Morgan, Esq., to be Deputy Lieutenant; Edmund
Peel, Esq., to be Deputy Lieutenant; Charles Butler Clough,
Esq., to be Deputy Lieutenant.
Commission by the Lord-Lieutenant of Huntingdonshire.
Huntingdon Regiment of Militia—John William, Earl of
Sandwich, to be Colonel, Aug. 4.
BANKRUPTS.
Henry Green, baker, Dorchester, Oxfordshire, to sur-
render Aug. 17, at half-past one, and Sept. 20, at half-
past twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Stansfeld,
official assignee; Tayler and Collisson, Great James-
street, Bedford-row; Curtis and Cooke, Abingdon.
John Redden, brewer, Gravesend, Aug. 17, at half-
past one, and Sept. 20, at twelve, at the Court of Bank-
ruptcy. Graham, official assignee; Mount, Clement's-
lane.

John Bentley, cheesemonger, Smithfield-bars, Aug.
18, at half-past one, and Sept. 25, at half-past eleven, at
the Court of Bankruptcy. Graham, official assignee ;
Smith, Barnard's-inn, Holborn.
Louis England, builder, Shepperton-street,New North-
road, Islington, Aug. 25, at eleven, and Sept. 15, at half-
past two, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Edwards, official
assignee, Sambrook-court, Basinghall-street; Huson,
Ironmonger-lane, Cheapside.
Joseph Parmenter Sandie, cattle dealer, North Ocken-
den, Essex, Aug. 16, and Sept. 24, at two, at the Court
of Bankruptcy. Canaan, official assignee, Alderman-
bury; Towne, Devonshire-square, Bishopsgate.
John Mercer, provision and cloth dealer, Wootton-
under-edge, Gloucestershire, Aug. 17 and Sept. 14, at
eleven, at the Bristol District Court. Acraman, official
assignee, Bristol; Salmon, Bristol.
Mary Hartley and Henry Hartley, stationers, Halifax,
Yorkshire, Aug. 23 and Sept. 13, at eleven, at the
Leeds District Court. Hope, official assignee, Leeds;
Stocks, Halifax; Courtenay and Compton, Leeds.
Joseph Winterbottom, spinner, Huddersfield, Aug.
23, and Sept. 30, at eleven, at the Leeds District
Court. Hope, official assignee, Leeds; Barker, Hud-
dersfield; Bond and Barwick, Leeds.
John Silbowden, auctioneer Liverpool, Aug. 17 and
Sept. 7, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court.
Caxenove official assignee, Liverpool; Yates, jun., Liver-
pool.
Joseph Nicholson, ironmonger, Shotley-bridge, Dur-
ham, Aug. 17 and Sept. 16, at one, at the Newcastle-
upon-Tyne District Court. Baker, official assignee,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne-' Hoyle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne;
Crosby and Compton, Church-court, Old Jewry.
INSOLVENT DEBTORS.

W. Furlong, court keeper of Lambeth County Court,
Denmark-hill, Camberwell. .0
T. Boughton, herald painter, Guildford, Surrey.
T. James, baker, Great Portland-street, Portland-road.
G. Hedley, assistant to a wholesale warehouseman, Cow-
ley-place, Cowley-road, North Brixton.
J. Smith,commission traveller, Montagne-terrace, Kings-
land.
C. Bedford, cabinet maker, Johnson-street, Notting-hill.
Aothbp,ap:lrteeottnoaenimi,e;nsogofirliaiver, John-street, Cornwall-road.
J. Wettone, foreman to a newavender, North Audley-
,.3;eaet, Hanover-square.
D.
31113,igmhi-dadtrleeeset,xS-attorkeeet,Nwewhiitnegcbtoanp.o.
RW.r.solma).d.
i
J. Clark, journeyStho,utten, meat-salesman, Virginia-terrace, Dover-
.
J.
ca Dma.ainstoenng,
Middlesex.
R. Black-
friars-road.rpenter, Little Randolph-street, a Osborn,
Camden-
town.S.
Warner,
plaisterer, Felix Cottage, Blackheath.
W. Pathan, Hen, wholesale naillicer, Hyde-place, I.loxton
Old Town.
J. Croutel, Tenlock-street, Iloxten.
R. Barlow, w etch manufacturer, Liverpool.
S. W. Couch, labourer, Lidstone, Devonshire.
J. Dowhurst. Bolton-le-Moors, Lancashire.
T. Dodson, b' taeksmith, Wavertree, Liverpool.
J. Emerson, Liverpool,
W. Ellis, Tot ,nes, Devonshire.
W. Halliday, licensed victualler, Liverpool.
W. B. Hind I, Chorlton-near-Medlock, Manchester.
J. Money, e arver and gilder, Manchester.
G. W. Pearson, farmers assistant, Newland, Yorkshire.
T. E. Richards, schoolmaster, Gravesend.
Mary Ann Wright, llargat
e
J. Butler, Owen, Wucestershire.
J. Dambell, watchmaker, 'Wolverhampton.
S. Gosling, Heaton Norris, Lancashire.
Hales .
J.
Holroyd , Cheapside, Yorkshire.
S. Holt, git ighana manufacturer, Radcliffe, Lancashire.
A. Ilodgkil neon, manager of bleach works, Staleybridge
T. Roe, prat vision dealer, 3wausagt.

J. Westbury, cabinet maker, Birmingham.
J. King, Edenbridge, Kent.
J. Blade, butcher, Holt, Norfolk.
T. 0. Empson, hair dresser, Kingston-upon-Hull.
D. Owen, fireman, Swansea.
W. Vigor, Folkestone, Kent.
G. B. Baker, Combs, near Stowmarket, Suff )Itc.
M'Corquodsle, Golborne, Newton-in-the-Willows,
near Warrington, Lancashire.
J. Bennett, bricklayer, Cambridge.
3. C. Ball, miller, Salisbury.
J. R. Jones, ironmonger, Henfenyw, Cardiganshire.
J. E. Bilson, Bradford, Yorkshire.
J. Pemberton, labourer, Manchester.
_ _

DIVIDENDS.
At the Court, Basinghall-street.
J. M. Wilson, Eton, Buckinghamshire, bookseller,
Aug. 30, at eleven,

In the Country.
C. Roope, Liverpool, wino merchant, Aug. 27, at
eleven, at the Court, Liverpool.
PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS.
W. Ainslie, B. D. Colvin, T. Anderson,
sicca rupees, any Wednesday, between eleven and three,
and
Ad.
thDeC.ooffilvcien Ainslie, Calcutta, merchants, 6 annas per 100
'of Mr. Whitmore, Bminghall-street.
T. Pope, Kidbrook, near Blackheath, cowkeeper,
any Wednesday, between eleven and three, at the office
of Mr. Whitmore, Basinghall-street.
F. Sadler, Fore-street,
furnishing undertaker, 9g., any
Wednesday, between eleven and three at the office of
Mr. Whitmore, 13asinghal1-street.
R. Keeping, Ryde, Isle of White, watchmaker, 11d.,
any Wednesday, between eleven and three, at the office
of Mr. Whitmore, Basingball•street.
D. Marlay, Roddesdon, Hertfordshire, Lieutenant-
Colonel in the Royal Marines, ls. 7d., any Wednesday,
between eleven and three, at the office of Mr. Whitmore,
Basinghall-street.
W. L. Bowyer, Macclesfield, Cheshire, grocer, 4s. 61,
Aug. 10, or on any Tuesday after Oct. 2, between eleven
and one, at the office of Mr. Fraser, Manchester.
A. W. Bellairs and J. Bellairs Derby, bankers, 3s.
3}d., Aug. 6, or any subsequent Friday, between eleven
and three, at the office of Mr. Bittleston, Nottingham.
NOTICE OF CERTIFICATE.
At the Court, Basinghall-strect.
J. Mandene, Shoteditch, oil and colourman, Aug. 30,
at eleven.

CERTIFICATES GRANTED.
W. Collins; Efarlborough,Wiltshire, draper, dbrtificate
of the first class--F. Sadler, furnishing undertaker, cer-
tificate of the first class—F. P. Hublyn, Cambridge,
surgeon and apothecary, certificate of the second class—
J. Diming Princes-road. Notting-hill, builder—J.
M'Burnie, Exeter, draper and tea dealer, certificate of
the second clues—W. Shaw, North Hall, Leeds, mill-
wright, certificate of the third class (after 21 days from
July 29).

PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED.
J. Smith, J. Gi!ling, H. Gilling, jun., and W. Gilling,
Sowerby, near Thirsk, Yorkshire, carriers (so far as
regards IL
Gilling, jun.)—T. Wadsworth, J. Howard,
and J. W. Hall, Ashton-under-Lyne, cotton spinners (so
far as regards J. W. Hall)—Margaret Bratt and Eliza-
beth Bratt, Great Haywood, Staffordshire, grocers—L.
Rosenberg and H. Cohen, Sheffield, tobacconists—J. M.
Fisher and F. Arding. Taunton, ironmongers—T.Green-
wood and W. G. Fraser, Watling-street, City, ware-
housemen—John Bowtell and Joseph Bowtell, Picca-
dilly, bootaaakers—J. Hind and R. Alcock, Wolstanton,
Staffordshire, saddlers—A. B. Johnson and S. Jones,
Furnival's Inn, architects—H. Moore and R. Greata,
Wimborne Minster, and Blandford Forum, Dorsetshire,
solicitors—C. Murgatroyd and 13. Murgatroyd, Bradford,
Yorkshire, manufacturing chemists—W. Giles, jun., and
Henrietta Dowden, Fishergate and Southwick, Sussex,
general shopkeepers—S. Lyon and N. Levi, Liverpool,
tailors—G. Martin and J. H. Martin, Southampton, wine
and spirit merchants—G. Craddock and W. C. Craddock,
Bilston, Staffordshire, butchers—T. F. Evans and W.
Emson, Philpot-lane, City, merchants—R. Jardine and
A. Mair, Southampton, drapers.
SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS.
R. Mercer, Old Kilpatrick, grocer, to meet within the
King's Arms Inn, Dumbarton, Aug. 10 and 31, at twelve.
P. Henry and Son, Glasgow, contractors, to meet
within the Buck's Head Hotel, Glasgow, Aug. 13 and
Sept. 3, at one

W. H. Porter, Edinburgh, agent, to meet within
Dawell's and Lyon's Rooms, Edinburgh, Aug. 14 and
Sept. 8, at twelve.

PRICE OF SUGAR.
The average price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, com-
puted from returns made in the week ending August 8,
1852, exclusive of Customs Duties paid or payable thereon
one the importation thereof into Great Britain :
From the British possessions in America 225. 81d. per cwt
From the Mauritius ... ... 20s. 2d. ,
From the East Indies 235. 341 PY
Average price of the three foregoing de-
scriptions of sugar, jointly, computed as
above, and exclusive of duty ... 21s. 9d. „
By authority of Parliament,
HENRY BICKNELL, Clerk of the Grocers' Company
Grocers'-hall, August 6.

BANK OF ENGLAND.
(From last night's Gazette.)
An Account, pursuant to the Act 7th and Bth of Victoria, cap. 32 for
the Week ending on Saturday, the 31st day of July, 1852.
IBBU impIaTMENT.

Notes lamed . • •••• • • 35,329,155

Government debt .. 11,015,100
Other securities •. 2,984,900
Gold coin and bullion 21,295,780
Birrer bullion .. .. • • 33,375

£35,329,155

35,329,155
M. MARSHALL, Chia Cashier.
Dated the sth day of August, 1852.
BANKING DENUITMEN T.

Proprietors'capital•• 14553,000
Kest - • • • • • • • • • •• 8,199,124
Public deposits (in.
eluding Exchequer,
Commissioners of
National Debt, Say.
ing,banks, and Di-
vidend aceouno) •• 3,195,152
Other deposits • • • • •• 14,506,774
Seven day and other
Bills.. „ „„ • • •• • • •• 1,366,978

Government securi-
ties (including Dead
Weight Annuity).. 13,790,720
Other securities •• .. 10,799 655
Notes .............. 11,849,700
Gold and silver coin • • 380,953

£36,821,028

£36,821,028
M. MARSHALL, Chief Cashier.

Dated the sth day of August, F

\COURSE OF EXc
Atanterd9oca •• •••••••• 12 0
Diu°, three =atlas .. 12 034
Intterdarc •• •• •• .... 12 034
AutynrP ••• "• •• •• •• 25 52%
B•us3el3•• " •• •• •• 25 5234
H tniburgh •••• • • ..... 13 n,,
Alton.s.• ••••;••••••...,
parls, 3 daYs sight 25 3234
3 months
MarsMtrilles •••••• •• .• 2525 55223/
Bourcleaus...•
rani:lol.ton
121%
Vienna, etre°. 5
T:ieste,ditto.•
12 9
r atorourgli •••• •••• •• 3734
Msclild ••••'•• • • • • • • 49%
Callz •••••••••• •• .• „. 50
Bacelnna • • • • •..„
sevine,.•••••• ....... •

3H AN GE.-FRIDAY.

iGibraltar•• •••• •• •• •• ••

Legrion2•• •• •• •• •••••• 3062%

1,10-noa..•••••••••••••• 25 6o

Hilan
.• e• •• •• •• •• •• ••
Venice.. •• •• •• •• •• •• dr.
gaples ...• •••• •• •• ••

5~

Palermo 124
SIOSSina , •
••••••••• •• •• i 245;
Lisbon— •• •• •• •• •• •• •• 53%
1porto•• •• •• •• •• •• •• 53%
R.ie Janeiro •• •• •• •• ••
Buenos Ayres .• ••.• .•
New York, 60 days'sigt t
Philadelphia • • •• •• •• •• —•

PILLOBB OF BULLION, PER OZ.
eoreign Gold inbarß• •X 3 17 9
Portugal Gold Coin .. 0 0 0
SpaniahDoubloons .. 0 0 0
New Dollars •• .••• 0 4 10%

Idilcorln bars 0 5 OS

SEABORNE
rx signifies that the mails are sent from the General Post-office
by the night—and 'AI by the morning—dispatch.]

DsosoonalhamtherampP":
General Post-office port die- When
due.
Loudon: patched.
minrammEnnaaeadidsadurditcatvaaajeatanniir((ne.tylvvy*rinaiiraaar:cs.B;.l.:o...6.:anu.r.Nfthi.a....:;:apuo!..)..e33c:tFZAC h•
.771W7t;thhea:;07thftmabth;ed9tetmiliii,1:02ptitait.ishco. From what
America (by Brit. pkt.)l47 Aug. 6
.. Liverpool Aug. 12
•
5
America (by Pkt.)
• .. Liverpool .. Aug. 15
Ante
ionthampt. Aug. 24
Australia (
alflptOn) • • •• M • • Southampt.
I!Jarse es) N
(Dover
Ditto (via
Ditto, via,C. of G. Hope 1112 d of August .. Plymouth.. Nov. 30
Africa (West coast).- N!l4th of the month !Plymouth July 29
Alexandria* •••• • • •• N 19th & 80th of mo. I Dover .. Aug. 16
America
(bvylall'Sgo. South-
ampton)
Belgiara •° " "' N Daily ..IDover .. Daily
M,9th of the month Southampt. Aug. 1G
Brazil ' M 9th of the month Southampt. Aug. 16
cßaniegn:rml Ay' ••
31.2 d &17th of montb Southampt. Aug. 16
Cape of Good Hope N 14th of August .. Plymouth.. July 29
N the month .. Plymouth •• July 29
Cape
Constantinople • •
• •7th 17th 27th et mo Dover .. Aug. 10
• N, Mon., Wed., &Fri. Southampt. Tn. Th. Bat
de Verds*.• N2d of
•
.. 111,2 d & 17th of mon. Southampt. Sept. 1
Central A.merica
M 2d az 17th of math :Southampt. Aug. 16
CChhialinnt)l.
lc?!N7thl7th27thofmo Dover .. Aug. 10
Twice daily .. Dover • • Twicedally
Greece" • • .. Tuesday & Friday !London .. Tues. Sat.
Franco .. •Id
EIaLubUTSII
moua„d M Wednes. & Satur. London ato,
„. . N 17th of the mouth Southampt. A
• 8' Tlvll,ssthiceoeff
mthoenthmonth
rsolyuinthoamuthp.t..
JulyAue 2298
Aug. 16
Irlicenlandur434 )51 20th daily llolyhead.. Twicedany
3lNNNB2tohtht:Lool4f:rnoenfrathm::::
soPnlYuvmterhoamuthp:::
July
yy
2289
Aug.A Aug.ngg 111286
Naples.
5. tile thh
eoffaramthoo
3tarseilleo
IttNll32thd..
o&f__2t4ht...heomfmoteituhth
Bloditerraneau (vi. I
gr 30th of month
soutwurpton,
Mexico M 9th of the mluth.• Southampt. Sept. 1
IDsoonvtherompt.
Aug.
16
Dover Aug, 10
Ma
marked
soDDoonvvteehrrampiit. Atig :22
Papal Statea* • •
Peninsula " m 2cl & 17th tb Southampt. Aug, 16
Peru •• • • ..• sth 15th 2Settnulof
West Indies • •
West Indies (except m Id of the month
(1) are conveyed by
Marseilles
French pucka via onnu-Les thus
* The mails to those

Sonthampt. 1
(•) ere conveyod by

Allan
, when theport
eercyt r
shortly
telegraphortlybe com.ipslne
toewd completedtoEoznetr
andTwhiellevi
Spowers
A 11 n ta on nd
with t Londonvr
the great chain of electric communicatio
land. A contract has been enteredinto n throughout Eng
with the - °°-
of Plymouth will be placed in connexion
proprietors
of the Union Bath Company for the use of two rooms for
offices for the Electric Telegraph Company ,_ Plymouth. the
The Cornwall Gazette of Friday states— i"
Esq., of the Electric Telegraph Company in London,
was 1
intendent of the Western District, eat week su -
at some er
the chief towns of the county. It is not improbable that
through his visit this public-spirted company will,
early day, cause their - electric communication t b , at an
West Cornwall o s planted
from Penzance, on the Railway, to
connectingß d h Truro,
the intermediates of e rut and Camborne ; and
with the advancement of the Cornwall Railway to St.
Aus-
tell from Truro, and so onwards to Plymouth:'._ West of
England Conservative.
An avaricious person, who kept a very scanty
table, dining one Saturday with his son at an ordinary in the
City, whispered in his ear—`„Tom, you must eat for to-day
and to-morrow." " Oh, yes, retorted the half-starved lad,
but I ha'nt eaten for yesterday and the day before Set
father."
[ADVERTIMIENT.] ffolloway's Ointment and
Pills have effected a wonderful Cure of a Dreadful Sweiiin,
—John Forfar, a farm labourer, of Nowbro', near Hexhaiii,
had an enormous swelling on each side of one of his thighs -
he was under the advice of three eminent surgeons, and after-
wards an inmate of the Newcastle Infirmary, altogether about
two years ; but the efforts of the doctors proved useless, as he
derived no benefit from their treatment. Hearing go much in
praise of Holloway's Ointment and Pills he determined to
give them a trial, and these valuable medicines effected a cure
in about eight weeks, although he was working hard at hay
making at the time. Afterwards he continued at work without
pain or discomfort throughout the winter, and is now in me'.
lent health.—Sold by all druggists, and at Professor Hello-
way's ggtioillycont, 241, Strand, London! 1

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
TIMES.—When the Senate of the United States
proceeded, on the 23d of July, to discuss and adept
Mr. Mason's proposition with reference to the fisheries
on the coasts of the British colonies in North Arae •
rice, that body had received no official information on
the subject beyond Mr. 'Webster's communication to
the newspapers, and by its constitution no member of
the Government could be present to explain what had
actually taken place. The consequence was that a
considerable amount of hasty invective and erroneous
imputations was discharged against the British Go-
vernment. The facts and the law of the case were
alike misrepresented ; and a debate ensued of so de-
sultory and intemperate a character that we cannot
but express our regret that auch a spirit should be
manifested on so little provocation by the most sedate
and statesmanlike Assembly in the United States.
The question was, in the first place, entirely misstated.
It has never been the intention of the British Govern-
ment to contest the rights which American fishermen
have been enjoying under the Treaty of 1818 for up
wards of 30 years, but merely to protect the rights
reserved to our own fisheries, and expressly renounced
by the United States by that Convention. Mr. Cass
went so far as to assert that "the treaty was now over
30 years old, and that it clearly recognised the right
of the Americans to fish within three miles of
any shore." If he had looked at the Conven-
tion he would have seen that it is just the reverse,
The United States thereby renounced, and for ever,
any liberty to take fish on or within three marine
miles of the coasts, bays, &c., not specified in the
treaty. It is deplorable to see popular prejudices in-
flamed by such gross misstatements as this. The
Convention of 1818 was not a limitation of rights
previously enjoyed by the fisheries of the United
States, but on the contrary it was a concession to the
United States of the right to fishing on certain parts
of the coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador, British
possessions, in lieu of the right of fishing granted
by the treaty of 1783, which had been abrogated by
the war of 1813. The British Government of the
day was strongly attacked for it. This concession
was geographically defined in conformity with the
proposition made by the American Plenipotentiaries
in London, and having obtained what they asked for
they solemnly renounced all the rest. Upon this
point we have direct evidence in the words of Mr.
Bush himself, the American negotiator on the oc-
casion. He states in the narrative of his Residence
at the Court of London that the most difficult part of
his task was to secure the permanence of this ar-
rangement by the insertion of the words " for ever,"
and he adds—
." ft was by our act that the United States renounced
the right to the fisheries not guaranteed to them by the
Convention. That_clause did not find a place in the
British counter project. We deemed it proper-1. to
exclude the implication of the fisheries secured . to us
being a now grant; 2. to place the rights secured and
renounced on the same footing of permanence; 3. that it
might expressly appear that our renunciation was
limited to three miles from the coasts."
Nothing can be more conclusive. The question
now raised is not about the rights then conceded to
the United States, which are undisputed, but about
the right they formally renounced. But they cannot
lay claim to the one without admitting the renuncia-
tion of the other. So much is this the case that
when the right of the Americans to fish off New-
foundland was disputed by the French Government
in 1821 and 1823, a correspondence took place be-
tween M. Monroe and M. Chateaubriand, in which
the American Government took its stand on this very
convention of 1818, and insisted on its execution, and
the British Government as sovereign in Newfound-
land concurred in that view. But the present discus.
sion arises with reference to the fisheries off Nova
Scotia and Cape Breton, to which no allusion is
made in the Convention of 1818, except under this
general renunciation, and Newfoundland seems to
have been needlessly mixed up with the question.
This is not the first time that discussions have
arisen with reference to fisheries off these coasts, or
that American vessels have been seized by British
cruisers for intruding into British waters. In 1845,
for instance, a correspondence took place with refer-
ence to the seizure of the Washington and of the
Argus under similar circumstances; and it appears
from a dispatch of Mr. Everett, then American Mi-
nister in London, that Lord Aberdeen intimated to
him, by a note of the 10th of March, 1845, that " the
British Government would concede to American
fishermen the right of pursuing their occupation in
the Bay of Fundy." To judge of the full force and
value of this communication it would be necessary to
see the whole correspondence ; but the mere fact that
this permission to fish in the Bay of Fundy was so
conceded by the English Government, and accepted
by the Americans, clearly denotes that they went
there by permission and not by right, and that the
right of granting or withholding such permission lay
with the British Government. Since, however, the
British Secretary of Statefor Foreign Affairs thought
fit to make that concession in 1845, the Americans
might justly expect some clear notification if it
was at any subsequent period to be withdrawn.
Mr. Webster does not appear to have been aware
of the existence of this document when he wrote his
first communication, as he has made it the subject of
a second letter; and it is not impossible that, consi-
dering the lack of experience in her Majesty's Go-
vernment, Lord Malmesbury, Sir John Pakington,
and the Queen's Advocate were equally uninformed.
But in March, 1845, Lord Derby was himself Se-
cretary of State for the Colonies, and it appears from
the tenor of Mr. Everett's dispatch, that the subject
was expressly referred to the Colonial-office, and
therefore the Lord Stanley of that date is as much
responsible for the concession in the Bay of Fundy
as Lord Aberdeen himself, for the colonial interests
affected by it were peculiarly under his charge. That
note is certainly a plea in favour of the Americans'
present occupation and 'enjoyment of fishing rights
in the Bay of Fundy which do not legally belong to
them. But although courtesy requires that such con-
cessions should not be withdrawn without cause and
without notice, it cannot be contended that limitations
and renunciations formally established by treaty are
permanently abrogated by a mere note from the Secre-
tary of State for the time being, and the same power that
waves a right at one time may assert it at another.
We entertain no doubt as to the right in this cause, or
as to the language of the treaty, which is unmis-
takably clear, and cannot be evaded ; but in the pre.
sent state of our information on the subject we feel
much less confidence in the policy of the course which
the British Government has thought proper to adopt
at this particular time. If the right of fishing in the
Bay of Fundy had been conceded by a former Go-
vernment, and had passed into long usage, by suffer-
ance or otherwise, among a numerous class of foreign
fishermen, we think that they were entitled to ample
notice that it would be withdrawn, not on the eve of
the fishing season, but a year beforehand. Yet we
learn from Sir John Pakington's dispatch that the
strict and immediate execution of the Treaty of
1818 was one of the subjects which pressed most
urgently on the attention of Lord Derby's Govern-
ment. Further, there is no time at which it is so
unadvisable to engage in diplomatic disputes, or
even in negotiations, with the American Govern-
ment, as in that period which immediately precedes
the election of a President. The existing Govern-
ment will not commit itself to any positive engage-
ments ; the candidates for power on both sides are
eager to work upon the excitable national feelings
of the public, and raise a cry even of war for
electioneering purposes; the Government which will
have to deal seriously with the subject is not yet in-
stalled in office, or even sure of obtaining it. We
cannot suppose that this step, with reference to the
fisheries, has been taken from any motive so absurd
and injudicious as the idea that we can drive the
Americans into a commercial treaty by a squadron of
light vessels on the banks of Newfoundland, or in the
Bay of Fundy. Indeed, one of the points of which
we complain in the debate in the United States'
Senate is that this contemptible motive was imputed
to this country. The only effect of such en attempt
would be to render all future negotiations more diffi-
cult, since the Americans will certainly not concede
even what is just and reasonable in itself to a display
of force. But in the present state of parties in the
Union the time is ill-chosen to press any such nego-
tiations at all. We have to do with a Government pro-
fessing strong Protective principles, but liable to be
turned out of office by its political and commercial
antagonists in a few months. The prudent course
would, therefore, have been to give notice that toe
privilege of fishing beyond the limits of the
Convention of 1818 would be withdrawn neent
year, and the provisions of that agreem
more strictly enforced; and then to await the effect
which the Presidential election may have o n the
policy of the American Government, and on its ne-
gotiations with ourselves. deprecate
of the
all appeals to popular passionlsVoensteriothngiery side
Atlantic, when questions of this nature arise, as they
ey are
will arise, between the two Government. Th
questions of law, to be settled by fair negotiation,
and we esteem it fortunate that Mr. Webster Should
still be in office to render this service to his country,
for the real service to be rendered in such cases is to
bring the difference to an amicable and pacific en.
clusioe. The Americans seem in some danger of
forgetting that this is no question of interference
on our part with their territories or waters, but
ply how far they are entitled to extend their fishing
operations on British coasts and in British waters.
If the legal
stipulations which are in existence are
not to govern their proceedings, their fishing vessels
may be captured and blood may be shed, not by the
naval forces which are sent there to keep the peace,
but in the broils and altercations of the fishermen
themselves. There is far less danger of a collision
from naval officers instructed to uphold and obey the
law, than there is from interested and irritated par-
ties ; and in the meantime We trust that measures
will be taken to remove all grounds of apprehension
or complaint, without surrending any of the rights

secured to our own coloni4 fisheries by the treaty
of 1818.

CHRONICLE.—The spoil il burdens which are
said to be imposed on the land consist of tithe, land-
tax, county-rate, highway-rate, poor-rate, and
church-rate. The alleged effect of certain indirect
taxes in increasing the cost of agricultural produc-
tion may most conveniently be considered separately.
We have already disposed of the supposition that the
cost price of corn or cattle can be increased, or the
property of the landowner diminished, by his joint-
ownership with the recipient of the tithe. Mr. Dis-
raeli's territorial constitution must at least secure the
rights of all who possess a share in the soil; end the
landed aristocracy can certainly not be entitled to
compensation for the circumstance that their good
fortune has not given them the undivided ownership
of ail the real property in the country. The land. tax
was imposed, as is stated in evidence before the Com-
mittee of the House of Lords, under the Act cf 4
William and Mary. According to Blackstone, it was
a mere commutation of the periodical subsidies and
assessments, and of the more ancient scutage, by-
dage, and talliage. However this may be, it is clear,
as Lord Monteegle observes in his Report, that pro-
perty has now, for more than a century and a half,
becu purchased or inherited subject to this impost.
The occupier is, of course, entirely unaffected by the
' small per-centage levied on the owner; and, in corn-
mon with all other deductions from the rent, the land-
tax is entirely unconnected with that cost of produc-
tion which Mr. Disraeli has undertaken hereafter to
diminish. The original inequalities in the assess-
ment of the tax have, so far es individuals are con-
cerned, being practically corrected by the lapse of
time. Sir J. Sinclair, as quoted in the Report, attri-
butes the inequality of the returns to the various po-
litics of the owners at the time of the Revolution.
Those who were attached to the new settlement
showed their zeal for the Government by rendering
true accounts of their property, while the friends of
the banished dynasty estimated their possessions at
the lowest possible rate. There is a certain differ-
ence—though it wiltl not be found to bear upon the
claim for compensation—between the charges which
we have thus tar considered, and the variable burdens
or rates which are levied on the land. Tithes and
land-tax must be paid without regard to the objects
to which they are destined. The proprietor is liable
for the payment of a definite sum, and not for the ac-
complishment of any public purpose. The overthrow
of the Church Establishment would give him no
right to the tithe; and so long as the State raises
any revenue from its subjects, the land-tax must be
either paid or redeemed. The local rates, on the
other hand, are merely the methods by which the
community meets certain necessary charges. If
funds were provided by private endowment, or by
foreign tribute, for the maintenance of the poor, of
the roads, and of the prisons, the rates raised for these
purposes would no longer be levied. Yet it is an
error to suppose that, except in the case of some
sudden pressure, either poor-rate orl county-rate in
any degree affects the cost of production. Mr. Dis-
raeli has borrowed a phrase from economical science
for the purpose of concealing the purely political
objects of his proposed re-adjustment ; and his
opponents cannot do better than take him at his
word, by offering to relieve production from any bur-
dens which oppress it. They may be certain that
at least the rent must be exhausted before the rates
can increase the cost of growing corn or of breeding
cattle. There is no reason why capital should be less
profitably invested in the cultivation of a farm, paying
nineteen shillings in the pound for rates, than of one
absolutely exempt from taxes. Whether the landlord or
the taxgatherer receive the rent is a question entirely
immaterial to the occupier, provided the average bur-
dens remain unaltered during bis term of possession.
The usual rates and taxes are the first deductions
which an intending tenant makes from the gross value
of the land, when he calculates the rent which he can
afford to pay. At the expiration of existing leases,
every farthing of reduced taxation would go into the
pocket of the landlord in the form of augmented rent.
The distinction between imposts which unjustly
affect individuals or classes, and those which in-
jure the whole community by impeding the pro-
duction of wealth is of the highest importance.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer, for rhetorical
purposes—or, perhaps under a misapprehension—
compares the relief which he proposes to afford the
landowner with the removal of duties from those
raw materials which are required by the manufac-
turer. It would be scarcely possible to compare two
fiscal processes which have less in common. A tax
on cotton wool tends to divert capital from a particu-
lar branch of industry, and the removal of the duty
benefits the cotton-spinner by extending the sphere of
his operations; but the manufacturer's profit is not, like
the rent of land, a fixed sum subject to certain definite
burdens. If he buys his materials more cheaply, he
probably lowers the price of his finished goods, de-
riving increased profit only from the receipt of the
former per-centage on a large amount of produce.
The chief gainer by a reduction of duties on raw ma-
terials is the consumer, and the national wealth is in-
creased by the relief fforded to productive capital.
The different tendency of a tax upon rent may be
illustrated by an extreme case. A duty of five
hundred per cent. on cotton wool would annihilate
the cotton manufacture. On the other hand, an
absolute confiscation of all the landed property in
Great Britain would not necessarily or directly di-
minish the national wealth by a single shilling;
and certainly it would not add the smallest frac-
tion to the price of a quarter of wheat. Accord-
ing to Mr. Disraeli's theory, such a measure would
render agricultural production impossible. It is for
him and his adherents to show how the change of
ownership could affect the application of capital to
the soil ; yet, until the rental is absorbed, all rates
and taxes on the land only amount to partial inter-
ferences with the ownership. No landlord really
thinks that he would let a rate-free farm on terms
more advantageous than those which the tenant can
secure at present. Still less does the farmer propose to
grow or to sell his wheat cheaper under Mr. Disraeli's
promised system than he does now. In their private
affairs, men seldom make gross mistakes in political
economics. There is certainly no reason why land-
owners should be more exposed than any other class
to fiscal injustice. But their claim to relief on the
ground of non-possession of the tithes might equally
well be set up by any other section of capitalists.
The fundholders—although not like their landed
brethren, the constitued agents for collecting the
tithe rent-charge—have at least as good a right
as the latter to complain that they have
no share in the property which is !distri-
buted between the Church and the lay
impropriators. If every change of value were to
lead to a re-adjustment of burdens, the repeal of the
corn-laws might give the tithe-owners some pretext
for raising their demands on the land ; for a perma-
nent diminution in the price of corn is equivalent to
a depreciation of the currency in which the rent-
charge is paid. The landlords will certainly do well
to adopt the advice of one of their number, and to say
nothing about the excellent bargain which they have
made. It happens that, in the matter of the land-
tax, there is a real anomaly, which Mr. Disraeli bas
,
unaccountably overlooked. The tax was originally
assessed on personal as well as on landedestates,
it was only in 1833 that movable property
was legally
-t
exemp ed from its operation.
the Lords' Com-
mittee,
year, as we
learn from the evidence given be
fore
personalty contributed under this head 5,0001.
to the revenue. The Bink6d of England paid 381., the
county of Warwick 164. and the clay of West-
If the Chancellor of
the Exchequer proposes
minster not a single fart
to
ei
do justice to the land by
nthe
er necessary on personal property, the
question machineryburden
restoring
willt is heavy
arise
whet
It is not likely, however, that much
of collection can be provided on sufficiently econo-
mical terms.
will be heard of the land-tax. A large portion of it
in
has been redeemed, and the remainder trifling
amount. It is on the rates, which we have not yet
discussed in detail, that the weight of the argument
must rest.
DAILY NEWS.--Amongst the items contained
on the credit side of the Bank accounts, issue de-
partment, there are two-" Government debt,
11,015,1001. ;'' and " other securities, 9,984,9001."—
making together exactly 14,000,000/. The latter
consist of Exchequer-bills or other Government
paper, and represent Government debts just as much
as, the first item.
authorised by law to
On tiue notes t
hssisl4oooooool. the Bank is
that amount,
without having any other capital or any other wealth
to redeem them.
That the state which creates these
paper securities should regard them as equivalent to
money is to be expected ; but the whole community
so regards them, and relies on the pledge of the State
which is,
to Pay the 14,000,0001., or the annual interest on it—
for all useful purposes, the same thing—as
sufficient to redeem the Bank promises to pay to that
amount. The Government pledge, and the Bank
promises founded only on it, have all the purchasing
newer for which men desire to have money. Gold
and silver, though very
beautiful when manu-
factured into coin, are not desired for their own
sake but for what they will buy. Men like to pos-
sess them as a means of purchasing at any moment
the other things they may need. The essential prin-
ciplewill buy other things, or
h
power.' It has no value or
use in the past, only as ofk moneynow n p itisroc in the future. But a debt of
the Government
d et a specific time, por-
tion
ran be transferred front hand to hand,
the same as a doubloon or an ingot of
tthbh east n
a i
ig t
though of
i wt
h want,iCh
gold, some of the conveniences of small coin, answers
all the purposes of money. Like gold itself, it is '
coined or divided, and the debt of the Gov.rument
to the Bank becomes small bank notes, an extremely'
convenient money. The Bank of Engiaud is not the
only body which coins the large debts of the State
into small promises to pay. All the private banks of;
issue keep only a small quantity of cash in their till,
and the bulk of the property they possess, on which I
they rely .to redeem their uot,es when presented, con:

silts of Exchequer bills India Bonds, or portions ot
State, debt,, or securities bearing interest. The means
of redeeneog the bulk cf the Bank of England notes
in eireulation shows that about two-thirds of the pro.
ostevitetyr, as well us the bulk of the property, on Which
i bankers carry on their business consists of net
tio'n
s.abaiiitdebtps. The general confidence in the continued
that
0 _
m,
pu,SrtaohtasGinogveprons‘neiernwtshigeihts-iss ttohetehsesierntpirtsoit
attribute
f oney. Gold and silver, in fact, now form only a
very small portion of the money of the world, ande'
much larger portion is formed of those paper obliga
tions, in the purchasing power of which men have
the saute confidence as they have in the purchasiag
e
power of gold and silver. Like cash in the
purr'
they are a guarantee against want. Not only
eve/
they considered valid in our community, but in
civilised community they are recognised and are Ile;
gotiable. For naking large payments they are faun'
more convenient than gold and silver, and a" erII.
plotted in adjusting heavy accounts, whether tbe
parries to them live under the saute or different GT'
vernments. A transmission backwards or forwat°s
of American bonds or French rentes, made h,tl anti.
viduals and on individual accouor, serves as well 3,71
called
sending gold and silver to adjust what 18
The:
the balance of payments between nations•
is nothing new in the remark that the bulk
.7
consis'
the actual currency of the civilised werid
of p Ter ultimately redeemable
ranteed by different states or bv individuals, v.%
that only a small portion of the purchasing or PoYinr;
power in use coasists of the precious nietale, nit'beatit
is much, however, to lag wondered at in the i'l-'t lie,Austrao
the discovery of gold in California and
addingil a few millions of pounds sterling to the tad
ppreheasinn 'ia,
taaric currency of the world, excites a
obsolete
ii.
alarm amongst those who have seen with
a oore wood
terence the creation year after year
lions of state debts than all the bullion of tth,e : red
can equal, and to which all that has been Almost°'se
bY Payments gusti
on the shores of the Pacific is a mere driblet.
stances
keeping pace with production, and in some igi,
surpassing it, the Governments ot EuroPewbitableVey
tiplied the instrument of future purchase
citingli the least alarm, but no sooner are a feirtll3oo
pounds sterling of gold added to the etteuied
o£ the of
e world than men of science o,ld the w-ter•
class, and particularly the debt creators, sr,ettide•
rifled at some unknown, undefined, yet Pe et
NO 610,
preciation of the standard of value.
does Nature provide in a small degree foritthnejterel
crease of the currency, which statesmen, ,_"6-iviog
and others, are continually doing, without shn° eno
exactly what they are about, than they, Wh°l-9cev i°
confidence in Nature, and unbounded confi'll, will
their own wisdom and exertions, fancY .I°Difer'ej Os
fall to ruin. The source ot the 'alarm is an err
to pili
supposition that states and individuals have ii°b the
their debts, and make all their purchases, vbit 110
precious metals. In fact, they do not Pg: esl
them ; the gold and silver serve only as 3hurY fa'
thatcounters, and states, as well as individualet tdutulti•
they want by services or commodities, !Debligir
mately pay ad their debts, or redeem all tali; ste
tions, by the same meant. The gold and °-",ierre er
like a pint pot or a pound weight, and eleti,9„-, fon
weigh and determine the value, without Psitalfet
all the beer or beef that is consumed. I:ti;stiilvi i. 65,
by other commodities, or by services. •1131 .- 1:1°Y
I°.
established principle, that only services canpotitoali
services ; that labour of one kind or another oboe
was, as Adam Smith says, the only original Plihre Oa
money, but it continues to be, and will be to t'for 011
of time, the only means of buying and Wing( gold!
things. The value of all commodities, eye,nl,o-1 -bee°
depends on the labour vested in them. Thies.---,9013°
fully established by .str. Ricardo and oth, loin'
mists ; but it is also implied in the fundaelenb3afth if
ciple of the " Wealth of Nations" that 811 gears of
the produce of labour, and that labour within 6„-f ad
long periods pays all price. The quantal` 6)8
commodity in proportion to the desire for ales iti
law of supply and demand, certainly detail:lll-oot
selling price, but the precious metals, on onci,Do-rtieg
their indestructibility, the facility of tro,natses-teclin
them, and their bring almoft universally n',;/010et
nse, are far less subject to variations in tbe"poso
from a change in their quantity, than most a our
substances. More permanently iaisuenttahOtt flaal
ply and demand, the cost of production is t".",, er
regulator of the value of all corunsoditie!.ll-setbe
change. It is not—to illustrate the priecilite cloth
immense quantity of cotton yarn and e_tnttliD„Li greyl
now annually produced, which has cense", tia..- t
fall in the price of these two articles! etttatt lid
eh
the lessened cost of producing theni by tt; asu:PPil
prices, direct labour to
newly-invented machinery. -attriations variations
and. demand causing
cb(a)mt modity, and influence the quantities Prnbr the
labour
and value are ultimately deterrained dities.
and trouble necessary to produce conaranobisb
The. relative price between silver and goldt,o by
thevaries very little, is determined, as i 3 well Isen"fle'ettn•
prtoedmuocoermaryore Yaarrialetsi:cinoafettedniPi;
cost ot procuring silver and gold. The st,
tion from some gold having been lately faun' ;0041
patently little labour, that the relative ntleetba fee'
be altered, shows the principle at issue ; but toti hi'
is that the expectation has been disappoieteut -oder
therto the relative price of the two metals hesn-tioien
gone very little variation. Nevertheless the -' lot'
that the value of gold in exchange is determinediy to
elusively by quantity and the relation of the II:. tbe
the demand, continues to cause great ahem fee!
future reduction in the value of gold. Veit- coat
which at all justifies the apprehension is t'et mete°
which took place in the value of the Presi°llfi it ilas.
after the discovery of America. In "Itradeee-s
stance, the great quantities then prier;
60130 i
into Europe were obtained by
after the supply from that source assiduousavos,Dv'
both metals were only got by diligent on° afor
exertion, the price settled and continued ,that 01)
very long period. It is generally suPPesed ls, tiles
meteliote,
the difficulty of obtaining the precious
pthrieceinrcorseeasferodmsutphpelibeeagoiring of this centurh till
ob'
tained on easier terms, andgionledrefraosend stiliPsl39l,L-‘l,:iftt:lilinVr:
from America were obtained by inaprevie-„;:titY ,c't
gical processes.' Admitting that a 04' 47.,--a ativeu
gold has been latterly obtained at fi ,C°.„l:nro-fr apr,
little cost though, when the gum - daub
may behole
pointed diggers is considered, that
—still, it is so =all In proportion t°, ttablea aln,tifi
quantity in use as money, and so inconceivet a 011-
in relation to the whole currency of the
which must be affected before the stanclordeesiabr
altered—that it can have only an inalibete '3
influence, it any, on the valuo of gold. '- of the
at present no probability that the production 0 the
precious metals will be facilitated as IMO ho Ore
clothing, and novi " . tste
production of food and We •
only obtained by much and arduous toil. pro
as our conclusion, therefore, that the cost el the
b 8
duction of gold in large quantities is not likelYreaeo;
much and rapidly diminished, and that the OP% 80°
:dons entertained by the public, by some writes,'
must
by some Governments, that a rapid ' reciatiotber
believe.. that its future purchasing
take place in the value of gold, ctePraated
mi tshfed, or that we shall have to speeola
by facts nor sound theory.Worl6o,cealo bteo
There warnt reason ,
There is
we;
wiii be coat,
on other roost
surefrom ovalue than that which has‘n been in vse fi
importsw:
the beginning of civilisation. ManY tsis
C •
onstderations affecting legislation
_so from of
avi_evw to whichopportuDitelrely
wdater.ting. NT
—ow we content anourselves witti,tt° fed
ning our readers not to conclude that tur9ted toff
we
maytake
otbe r a. ,
have sdveoters °
reimportant consequences which we
suiting from national debts, which the creafOst..
them neither willed nor comprehended, are 1'
fication of contradicting them.

faviol‘uirPerwviEthitEhise been
ea A
~pio
of the Gloucester and Berkel Canal and u*
Tsigohl;
oTfHaEprSosEpVecEtßusNf.--or
t.;
..., ,1303pleroevieve:,:ote
olbtoofewltGoehgrleo
uidptcooserwsottnueotrtlfhewteG,hsito.co
huacsiemst
Gloucester.
admiti
l, vess e Is o, f the
bj e co" itlie 0
, ~e t tour e
canal is to be extended, L. as too haacver itPslisoltie:thetbellfeet•ertil
river; and
those
have undertaken
provement higher up. They
the Severn Commissioners e the navigation fw.oneratief Toed
for rendering the navigation
. improvementhaoeisseporopmroomt
hindranceseisres i
cio_:f
itcti
may
it.yobbethseter
tivaii
c:tr:lr.:tc:
diction effective and compleint
purpose is estimated at a million;
..entiisi
_A to
the joint-stock company
contemplated will be ushered The outlaf,_';',dersteo'4, i 4
into tahnediriotoluti.::::::e::::
measures whichrt their urn"
general co-operation of interenst
td of the Severn
itni oon right of v very
earnest,em i nte
hnet names through whose nel:11-"der the °lf
Ineaetsewsitilolbsiltaancdolets
ridt ton t; tbssb.ite di's.
the copmanlort/e7;:lporche4gll,ll:
iterrevsetsmeann
courage the proposal parties
proposal of a broad and compreheoels eof 14116 e
for developing tli i full capabiltties of the second _ btei
Bah rivers.We shall rejoice to learn that these
given place to cordial union and conjoint action.
Chronicle. haveghitherto couthitra9o3,eins,

BIRTHS. the
ale Wife
OF A SON.
On the 4th inst. ,at Wart g Vicarage, -1119t5' tte
t., a
of the Rev. William Harvey. n g
&ere'
On the sth inst Inverness-road, IVestbourl.l
wife of John Danvers. Esq. ) ~15c1Y Of
OF A OAUGHTI.B.. 4 0 tP.
On the 2d inst., at Thurloe-square, BroraPl° ' bite,
ers
Lieutenant-Colonel George Warren. lieicest
On the 3,4 inst., at Wymondham Rectoryi.--
the Hon. Mrs. John Beresford.
--z; orge
e f
MARRIED. e fol. 1, ok
On the 4th hest., at Christien-Malferd, th
_eit, r..a or.
F. S. Powell, son of the late Aleander P,r.. of the
Hurdcott-house, Wiltshire, to Everilda,daughte'
R. V. Law, rector of Christian-Malfard

----- Ortlea
D TED. ender for,
At Brighton, on the Ist hist., aged 74, AR e, and
Dsnnistoun, E.-I._,_ late of Westhorn, Lanarkehil
stab in'
merly of the let Royal Dr 'goons. valet
On the 4th inst.. at Davington Priory, near
the
Katherine, the wife of 1' Vl:illement, Esq., F.S.-6`,:„d, of -
On the 4th inst., at-Kelvedon, Csptain Towne"
Gravel-house, Coggeehall, Essex, aged f3l: --------r, f
-----.
London: Fruited and Published by tgIIIRDO t ,To. 111
No. 112', Strand, Printer. at The . Sun Oe'g' a; 01 g
Strand, in the Precinct of the ifsvoY: IA L'lVj
WICUOM gAtorcloyi, Apgat 7, 114