The Sun.
London, England, 1852-06-17 00:00:00

. CV rfq2 T' MO° %re' rim zyr4
N°. 18639.] LONDON THURSD' Est
• kAt. •
-~. ,
t A _ 7 JUN
E 17, 1852.

910 THE ELECTORS. OF• THE BOROUGH
OF F'INSnTRY. •• • •

gENTiumnif,

I havik- been honoured With 'requisitions, nutnerouly signed, rr-
questing me to become a Candidate at ,the ensni.,g Election for the
reoresentalon of your liorou.:-h•io, Parliament.
Possessing the confidence of.a :but intelligent constituency,
and not wishing to intrude myselfupon the electors of any Boropgit
.tristotnitrptshlto affordgLiber
Liberal Members to Pallament, I touched the requid-
nme 'opportunities of ascertaining generally the
hvithes ancl.feelini,•l .or the electors of thO 'Borough of Finsbury.
Pubiriecs.l\lueteitosinn7,,s have been held in diff:Ttnt parts of the Borough,
and oi
have itesa,pa*sed by large )najorities, affirming the
principles a the requ'sitiors, anrr Pledging themselves to supp,rt me
at the ensuing Election. .After an opinion so widely exorcised, and
almost unanimmts, I can lie longerhesitate to declare myself ready
to accept tho onerouiltit high distinction of becoming a Candidate
for your suffrages. . • • • •
During the time I have. had the; responsible honour of .a seat in
Parliament, I have simported, by my votes, the great principle of
Commercial av Wigious edons, of which, I have evqr been the
advoca' e in private life; but Itt•presenting'myself-as a Candidate for
the suffra';e4of so large and-important a constituency 'as the Bo-
rough of Finsbury, I feel it, to- be may duty, .as . far as I he.na row
limits of an address will permit, to give you a gert?ral outline of. my
political opinions.: '
I AM IN FAVOUR OF
the Extensloit!of the Right Of Voting for Members of Parliament, '
and that, to prptect the poor and honest voter in the free exercise of
his suffrage, the Ballot should be substituted for the present mode
of voting. • .
That the Duration of Parliament should never extend beyond
~
Three Years, and. the Act' requiring a property qualification for
MemberS of Parliament should be repea'ed.
Attached to the priacipleS 'of Free Trade, will net only
strenuously oppose every, attempt •to restore the Corn-laws: but
:Will, with raytutmost ability, aid in procuring the 'removal of all
restriettons upon the free echange of the products of our national
industries With thbse,of all other countries.
Our financial policy, based upbn no just polltiCal or economical
principle, reqUireS to be tbototighly -revised, 'co' *-as 'te reduce ogr
expenditures and render. Our systara of taxation- more erplitable iii
its operations. ;
In our Military, Naval, Diplomatic, and Colonial Establishment?,
large savings may be effeFted without impairing their: efficiency.
The Income Tax, Probate Duty, and Post-Hire Duty, are exampiss
of the mode, ~by.which some classes of the Community'and sonde
descriptionsA)flhOnerty.ke utrtirly and improperly assessed.
As end of thCreprefentatives9f the people,..it.-would4e-sur duty
4.6 esslostreterrttrreeaeingly, to prOinote economy of ex::enditure and

to support the introdution of measures by 'Which all classes may
contribute their fair preporti-n to the revenue of the State. The
reasons offered for the increase of our standing army are, to ni,),
mind, inconclusive, and I have therefore opposed, and shall continue
to oppose, &forced and unequal conscription in the•form of a Militia.
In a free state; religious opinions should not prevent either the
enjoyment of -civil rights or of_ political power, and I have always
supported the removal of all disabilities on account of religious faith,
and I have been, and shall be, the bumble but energetic advocate of
complete religidus equality.
I am opposed to the payment of any religious denomination from
the taxes raised for Secular purposes,, and I am deeply convinced
that a large amount of the demoralization and crime which unhap-
pily exists in these Wanda arises from a deficiency of education in
the masses of the people. • • ,
I should, therefore, give my earnest and active support to any
measuriewliiCh would diffuse sound secular education amongst all
classes of my fellow-subjects. •
The 'Reform of the Court of Chancery, the Abolition of the Eccle-
siastical Courts, tie Government of 'our Colonies, by and through
their own freely-chosen repreientatives, are subjects which must
occupy the attention of Parliament during the coming Session, and
in the consideration of theie great questions my conduct would be
guided by.the great principles of a steady, impartial, and inexpen-
sive administration of the laws, and of full, fair, and free popular rd-
presentation.
Believing that the freedom which is enjoyed by the British people
is mainly owing to the diffusion of municipal institutions,' and the
exercise of the power of local self-government, I•am opposed' to the
centralization in the hands of Government-appointed Commissions
the administration or control of local affairs, but .that the people
should govern themselves through their freely-chosen represen-
tatives.
The vast and intport?nt interests in the Borough of Finsbury re-
quire from its Members of Parliament a careful attention to its local
affairs, and should I have the honour to be choien as. one of your
representatives, it will tie my duty, as well as my pleasure, to devote
an assiduous and energetic attention to the general affairs of the
Borough, as well as to the imperial interests of the country.
-I have the honour to bet Gen'lemen,• • • • .
- Your obedient Servant,
Park Village West, Regent's-Park, .JAMES WYLD.

F•
fiE ROYAL BRITISH BANK, on the
Scottish System (Incorporated by Charter), besides the trans-
action of all ordinary Banking business, grants
amount delPlosTi't'e'dalflodr allowspis
3per cent. per annum on Sums of
any months.CA.Smlol
HIIGII INNES CAMERON, General Manager.
LONDON—Mao OFFICE, •i 6, Tokenhouse-yard. BRANCHES, 429,
Strand"; 77, Bridge-street, Lambeth ; 97, Goswell-road, Islington.

my-1E WINES of FRANCE and GERMANY
have been carefully gathered, their respective localities, by
JAMES CAMPBELL, for Sale, at the REGENT-STREET WINE
CELLARS, where, with all other FOREIGN WINES, they can be
ob,ained by Families at Moderate Prices. '
Attention is particularly d.rected to a line BORDEAUX WINE,
at 285, per dozen, in one, two, or three dozen cases, which, with the
bottles, are included in the cost now described by the proprietor,
whose reputation has been appreciated by the public in his City Es-
tablishments during the last 25 years. • •
Post-office orders, remittances, or town references should be ad-
dressed to JAMES CAMPBELL, 158, REGENT-STREE I', London.

GLENFIELD PATENT STARCH,
CAUTION

TO WHOLESALE GROCERS, DRUGGISTS, &c., &c.
It having. lately come t my knowledge, that some unprincipled
person has for some time pest been imposing on my Customers, and
the public generally, by offering for sale a Spurious an I Trashy
imitation of the Glenfield Starch, This is to give Notice, that I
am the Original and Sole Proprietor and only Manufacturer of the
GLENFIE LD PATENT STARCH, and that none is genuine unless
my name be distinctly printed on every Packet, nod only can belsad
from my Wholesale Depots, 40, Dunlop-street, Glasgow, or 40, King
William-street, City, London.
This caution is published by me to prevent furtherimposition upois
the public, and serious injury to myself.
ROBERT WOTHERSPOON.

Glen-held Starch Works,
Pals'ey, June, 1852.

PATRON-U. R. 11. PRINCE ALBERT.

OYA t foL YTECEN IC tim sTITUTION.
- Madame Bregazzi will give Vocal Illustrations of the Melo-
dies of different Nations in their respective Languages, daily at Four
o'clock.—Bachhoffner and Defries's new Patent Polytechnic GM
Fire exhibited and lectured on, on Monday, Wednesday, and Fri-
day, at Half-oast Three. and on Tuesday and Thursday Evenings, at
Nine.—Lecture on popular Music, with Vocal illustrations, by George
Buckland, Esq., assisted by Mies Blanche Young, E.A. of Music,
every evening, except Saturday, at Eight o'clock.—Lectures by
J. H. Pepper, Ksq., on tare Alleged Adulteration of the Burton Bitter
Ale with Strchnine, and on the Prevention of Piracy and Forgery by
the Anastatic Process.—Lecture by Mr. Crispe en the Britannia
Tubular Bridge.—Lecture on Voltaic Electricity.—A splendid New
Series of Dissolving Views.-Exhibition of the Microscope, &c., &c.
-Admission, is.; ,Sehoola and Children under Ten years Of age;
calf-price.

LAURENT'S CASINO,
ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street,
St. James's.
Open every evening by Laurent's Celebrated Band. Principal
Cornet-a-Piston, M. Rouleourt.

Doors open at Eight o'clock. Dancing to commence at nine, and
.errainate at half-past eleven.
Admission—ONE SHILLING.

rrHE GOLD FIELDS.
I A QUESTION FOR. THE ELECTOES OF THE CITY OF
LONDON. •

Gentlemen.
When you are again called upon to exercise your electorial privi-
leges. peculiar claims from the country will meet your attention.
You have hitherto exercised your influence with the judgment and
patriotism of worthy citizens : approving valuable institutions, and
encouraging lawful commerce, by which the prosperity of the largest
city in the world is maintained. You have showx your approval of
measures calculated to promote the greatest good of the greatest
numbers, and have encouraged those whose daily exertions have
been directed to this important object ; thus have you on all occa-
sions honoured the efforts of E. MOSES and SON, the Representa-
tives of the people, as Merchant Tailors, Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers,
Boot and tthoe Makers, and Outfitters to all parts of the world.
Thousands are leaving our city and the country, but they do not
leave the precincts of our Government, nor will they be forgotten in
the Legislative proceedings of the British Parliament. Government
has at its disposal 10,0110/. for assisting Emigrants : to Australia
they purpose dispatching eight ships every four weeks, which will
carry about 2,400 persons per month; add to this the tens of thou-
sands who go on their own resources, then what a form will this
question assume. E. MOSES and SON are acting their part with
the industry, experience, and success which has alwfays attended
their exertions. Their pa: feet acquaintance with the Outfitting bu-
siness renders them fully competent for the special claims of the
times ; they have made the most ample and complete arrangements
for supplying everything requisite for the emigrant, and their many
years' experience enables them to do this superior and more reason..
able than any other house in the world. It is certain that all End-
grants sent out by Government or otherwise mast have on Outfit,
and for every class an irdispensabb3 Outfit is provided by E. MOSES
and SON. This combines every essential to comfort for ever's, Emi-
grant, whatever his profession or occupation, perfectly suited 't6 his
passage and lii, station. Every article of guaranteed utility and un-
riva led quality is comprised in E. MOSES and SON': superlative
Outfits for the accommodation of Emigrants. E. MOSES and SON
maintain a separate department in their gigantic Establishment' ex-
pressly devoted to the Outfitting Branch.
All necessary information gratuitously suppliel to Emigrants. A
full list of Outfits may be had on application, or post free to any
pout. eP 4he

CAUTION.—:E. MOSES and SON are under toe necessity or
guarding the public against imposition, having learned that the un-
tradesmanlike falsehood cf " being,connected with their Establish-
ment," or "It's the same concern;' has been resorted to in many
instances, hnd for obvious reasons. They have

No CONNEXION WITH ANY OTHER Houss IN OR OUT OP LONDON,
except their own Establishments, as follows :

Landon City EstaoliCment, 154, 155, 156, ana lsr, ,aanuzles, 83,
84, 85, and Ets,, Aldgato, opposite the. Church, all comromileating,

London West-end Branch, 506, 507, 508, New Oxford-St.:eat, 1,2,
and ii, Ilart-street, all communicating.
Bradford (Yorkshire) Branch, 19, Bridge-street.
Sheffield Branch, 36, Fargate.
Merchant Tailors, Clothiers, Matters, Milers, Farriers, nod
and Shoemakers, and General Outfitters for Ladies and Gentlemen.
The "q'stablishments are closed from sunset Friday to car.set on
Saturdays, when busincw is rosemed till Twelve o'clock.
A new Book, entitled " The Library of Elegance," containing a
Bill list of prices, and directions for self-measurement, can be had,
gratis, on application, er forwarded, post-free, to any part of the
kit,gdom.
A handsome
on application. Almanac for the year ending 1852 can be had, gratis,
fel l'on parle Francais. I Qui si parla Italian°.
Bier spricht man Deutsch. I Aqua se habla Espanol.

CLOTHING is EDUCATION,
fashionable, neat,
dotes in the minds of youths and children that self-respect
when it
inseparable from virtue and respectability, but fash -----r.
and servicable dress only can do this. E. MOSES and.°
nificent preparations for the ensuing vacations are characterized 'nag.
novelties in innumerable styles and fashions. A staff of ethnzed by
celebrated artists, British and Foreign, and the best workmeneinmest
trade are expressly employed by E. MOSES and SON for the the
Juve-
nile Department of their gigantic trade ; by this arrangement, arl
from unlimited resources, E. MOSES and SON furnish the most
novel, neat, stylish, and substantial Juvenile Clothing; the peculiar.
ity of the cut affords perfect ease and freedom in all exercises, and
at the same time secures a correct and admirable fit. Materials in
every pattern, colour, and device, give the amplest satisfaction to
all tastes. Cheapness, combinedjwith every excellencr, are plain
reasons why universal patronage is bestowed on. E. MOSES and
falsehood of
SON'S Juvenile Clothing.
public aftains.
CAUTION—E. MOSES and SON regret having to guard the
obvious reasons, Tcouninetriita,d„esomr a,n, liitii.es
CONNEXION WITH A
ng connected
t
the same concern,"inmositioin, havl'elgyiltehartnheedirtEbsatat
Establishment,"
Nobeg to statehhaesrbeTresortedthtaotinthenyianhayveinstances, and for
ANY OMR MUSS IN OR OUT OFLONDON,
except their own Establishments, ;,s follows:—
London City Establishment-154
84, 85, and 86, jagliment-154, 155, 156, and 157,
36, Fargate. 19.
Brid'
London West End B
Bradford (Yorkshire) Branch
ate (opposite the Church), all communicat'ng.
alliimoresn,tsClaortlet.
ranch-1 Minories ; 83,
eating.
Outfitters
Heelers,
, 2, and 3, Hart all communi-
cating.
Branch,
ThM Merchant atriatbilTs
Shoemakers, and General
trwfor Ladies and Gentlemen.
Furriers, Boot astd
sot on Ratur,i.', S, ~ hoe he,l,nPag Is reT "n.et on Fria S till sun-
A new Book, entitled " The Library linnArt till twolve o'clock.
list of prices, and directions fbr self-measurement,
containing full
on application. or forwarded post free to ement, can be bad, gratis,
A:llaiillsorner Almanac'for 'the eat,. eildir, part of the king
dom.
on application. g .5,-,2,•catt'bo hal, gratis,
Id l'on parle Francais. I Qui 51 parla Italia,
Aler opricht man Deutoch, 0.
Aqua tie habla'Espanol.

Nov reads-,"in 3 vots..Bvo., with fine Portraits, 425. Wand,
LIFE A/11A.ItkE__1)2. AIEDTCIS, QUEEN
lItNRY IV , ana of iIiANCE.

"A fascinating book. 4, biography comoining the attractiveness
of romance with the rellablerrti-is bf history, and which, takirg a
place mid vay betveeu the.' Ines zoed galleries' .of Thierry and the
philosophic watch-tower' of Gaizot, has al the pictorial brilliancy
or the one with much of the reflective speculation of, the ottp.ir."—
Daily News.

Gotham and Co., Pablbllers, 13, Great I‘Tarlbotough-street.

TIIE TRAVELLER'S LIBRARY.
On Wednesday, Jane 30; will be paeblslied, iu 16erio„ price One
.
BRITTANY ?.1,111. the, :BIBLE ; ..with Itelharks
en Pm Wench People.ruul their Affairs. By I. HOPE.

Alta, on the same day, in IGmo., price One Shilling,
The NATURAL HISTORY of CanATION. By T. LINDLEY
KEMP, M.D., Author of "Agri mltural PhySiology,"
*** The abSve works wit fttrm the 23d and 24th Parts of THE
TR.A.VELLER'S LIBRARY. • • •
Just pnlAisked lu.this Series,
Mrs. JAME•zOk'S SKETCHI:S in CANADA and RAMBLES
among the'RElY MEN. Prim Half:a:Crown ; .or in Two Parts, One
,Shillius each. •
•
London: Longman; Brtown; Green, and Longmans.

MRS. CROiLAND'S NEW WORK.
L-
This day is publ.shed. price• Six Shilling!, Y
D A
A WOMAN! BOOK.

By Mrs. N,E =ON ,C.lt OS LAND, , ,_
••' • - (tato Camilla RoUlinin.) . .
" A•Womat's Book it Is in its dOlleacy of gentinjent, -gracbfulness
of style, and quick,appreciationOteliaracter."---Literary Gazette.
" Mrs. Cro,lund's 'Lydia' is ,air exquisite portrait of a true
woman."—dritic. . -

Loreon: Groompridge a-,(1 Sons, 5, Paternoster-row.

Published This Day—Trice One Penny:

AN- ANSWER to JOHN SMALL. (of Fetter-
lapo and to his DISINTERESTED t'AtJTION ".to the
BRIGHTON - SgAREHOLDERg add the ."111HLIC' at 'LIEGE,
against the GR'rqAL 'PALACE removal to "Sydenliitn."
By .a BRIGHTON:SHLREHOLDEA. -
Pelharri RiChiiidson, 23, Cornhill.

TRIBUNALS_D:F•CaIIIMERCE.
At a Publie Meetino* heldatllio London Tavern this day,
MOHTAGLIZGORE, Esq., in the Chair,
The following resolutien was unsanithous'y carried :
Moved by Mr: Trtomes LEE, and seconded by Mr. THOMAS ASTON,
Thaf Abe resgnation of the following gentlemen he accepted, viz.—
Mr. J. M. FRASER. • .
Mr. R. C. POLHILL. .•
Mr. DAVIEL.MACFARLANE.
• •

Mr. CFIARLES WHITE. ' • ' •
And that they do hand over to hlr. Frimcis Lyne, the Honorary Se-
cretary to this Movement,ell Hooks and Documents in their posses-
sion, and the balance of any. Cash in .their hands.
rELLNCI.LY.NE, Honorary Secretary,
12, Mark-lane, Jll.llO 16, 1852.

FXTRA :STEA'SIER to•the CAPE of GOOD
Hi/M.—The GENERAL SCREW STEAM-SHIPPING
COMPANY'S screw steamer HELLESPONT, 530 tons, W. 4VATTS,
Commander, will sail froni Plymouth, punctually, on the.2sth inst.
She has "excellent accommodation for. Passengers, .aucl. space for a
limited quantity of fine gopds.

For passage apply ati the Offices of the Company, No: 2, Royal
Exclutnge-buildings ; for freight, tolliessrs. Balfour, Laming, and
Ovreh,- 157, Fenchwch-strL et. •

•
E,INCOLNSIIIRE.. and NORFOLK
• .RAILWAY.
PROVISIONALLY REGISTERED.
At a Public. Meeting. of the Inhabitants of Holbeach, and other
parts of the District between Spalding and Lynn, traversed by this
proposed Railway, held in the Market Room, in Holbeach, on
THURSDAY, the 10th init.. .
JOHN CARTER, Esq., in the Chair, •
It was resolved, . . • ... •
That the CONSTRUCTION of a RAlLWAY,between SPALDING
and LYNN, with a BRANC EI toWISREACH, will ba a great benefit
to the Agricultural and Mercantile interests of this district.'
Until the Prospectus is published, all communications la refereme
to this Railway, to be addressed -to Mr. T. L. Marriott, Solicitor,
10, Tokenhouse-yard, London.

THE EBR,O CANALIZATION COMPANY.
COPIES or the REVISF,D PROSPECTUS may now be bad
on applioatioh at the Offices of .the Coutpany, No. 4, Adam's-court,
o.d Broad-street, London. ,
By order, ,
C. STEWART, Secretary pro. tem.

THE PROVIbENT CLERKS' MUTUAL
LIFE ASSURANCE ASSOCIATION (enrolled tinder the
Friendly Society's Acts) and BENEVOLENT FUND.
Esteilished 1840.
• TRUSTEES;
Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P.. IW. •(1. Prescott, Esq.
Thomson Hankey, Jun., Esq. ' Baron L. de Rothschild, M.P.
TREASURER OF TIM BENEVOLENT FUND.
John Abel Smith, Esq., L.P.
For the important advantages offered by this Association to Clerks
and the Public in general, apply to the Secretary.
42, goorgate-street, London, Dray..l., PlB. 512 i; BYRNE,
Secretary.

IMPORTANT MEDICAL AND SURGICAL WORKS, ,
Just published, by H. Balder%
Bvo., in cloth,- ptiCeAs ~ 119, Regent-street, London.
No I:"
- •
°Sire efl
13:7'1Ost free, Sc. 6d.,
owith the ,View ad
N TRUE Sc PAtc!EAtsheEe
oß.M.fA,Tidlie_sßpree UCEErrAor;
relation to the Treatment and Cure of Sufferers from Debility of tuck
Generative System, dr. . Sexual Hypochrondriasis. - Translated from
the German of Dr. PICKFORD. of the University of Heidelberg.
Dr. Pickfor is known to.Ertglistiieaders by his frequent practi-
cal contributions to Germdn' medical literature. This is the first
time, lee informs us, that he has kddralsed himself to the non-medi-
cal reader. We trust this may not be the last, if he shall
detect any other equally flagrant evil which it may be in his
power to correct."—London ,Medical Gazette, May 30, 1851.
—" The editor teas conferred. A groat boon on the sufferers from this
distressing malady by translating this little book, and by laying bare
the scandalous practices of 'unqualified adventurers, who profess to
cure a disease of which they know nothing, with no other object
than to fill their own purse% The difference between true Sperms-
torrhoaa and 'the various forms of disease which resemble it are
accurately described, and thus a safe guide is offered for the
treatment of the malady '!—Medical Circular, May 8, 1852.
—" We have' delayed so long upon the contents of the preliminary
chapter, that we have scarcely left ourselves space for any notice of
the subject specially treated of' by Ifni Plckford ; but the moderate
price at which the brochure'. Is-sold..places it .within the reach of
every one Interested in the matter."—DUblin. Medical Press, 'April
38, 1852.
No. IT.
Bvo., in cloth, price 33. 6d., by post free, 4s.
THE CURE OF STRICTURE OF- THE URETHRA, on Princi-
ples at once Simple, Safe, and Efficient, In even its most Inveterate
and apparently Intractable forms. To which is added, PRACTICAL
OB ERVATION'S ON THE TR A.T 31 N T OF. SPER MA.TORR-
-11(-E1 BY; O.A.UIERIZ ATI ; its inefficiency and Danger.-
4"
' BY IP.'"B. COURdf TENAY,s
of England.
Member of the Royal- C3llege Surgeon
" Tho,e who complain most loudly are those only who know no t
how to use the common instruments. •• • . The practice of sur-
geons has been mar red with all kinds of violence, an indifference
opera
about the simple cure of diseases, and a. passion for
all the excesses mad horrors of singery."—John BelPstions and
Surgical
Observations.-L-.. In proof of'hid views he "(Mr. Courtenay) has
given the history of a great many case/ successfully treated, as bad
as any which Mr. Syme adduced, and on which he had operated.
Such are cases ix., xi,, xii and xviii. No. ix. had resisted, for a
period of twelve ye as, the. tiep.tment by dilitation, and
was finally
removed in as many weeks. But. cases xviii. and xix. appear, both
in duration, severity, and colliplicatioli'of symptoms, of a more ag-
gravated character 'than any &italic& by Mr. Syrne, and yet the
treatment adopted
by Mr. Courteharproved eminently successful."
—Professor Lizars on the Treatment of .Stricture.

MI•IDICAL ADVICE ONTIIE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF
POUT 11. AND MATURITY. •
With Plain Directions, for their • Prevention and Cure.
FIFTY COLOURED ENGRA.YLNGS ON STEEL.
net published, in French, English, German,
Dutch, Spanish, and
in a Settled Envelope, 2s 6d., or post-free from the Author
tor Forty-two Stamps, t 8
Italian,
Medical Treatise on t"e"PhyslologY of s'farri';;e' and on the
--• • -
111 Rs- E, RvATION;
,ecret Infirmities and Disorders rs of Youth and Maturity, usually ac-
mired at an early period ,of life; which destroy the •phybical and
pental powers, dimf
and enfeeble the natural feelings, and ex-
haust the vital energies cf. yanunod ; witu practical Observations on
'he certain Preventibn arid succe=stlii Treatment of Nervous Debi-
ity, Local and Constitutional 'WeakneSS; SyphillS, Stricture, and all
Diseases and deraagereents resulting front Indiscretion, as adopted
oy Lalletnanci, Ricord, and ethereminent members of the faculty of
Ff•ance. With
Physiology, and Diseases of the Reproductive Organs' ozplaining
`heir structures, uses and folotieus, and the various injuries that
are produced in them by solitary lubits","excesses, and ilifaction.

•
WAIL WAY SHARE MARKETS.
BRISTOL, JUNE 16.
STOCK EXCHANGE.—The share market was more than
usually buoyant to-day, and prices were firm. The transac-
tions reported were—Bristol and Exeter, 971/2—Great West-
erns, 92%—Taff Vale, New, 23/4 p.
LIVERPOOL, JUNE 16.
STOCK EXCHANGE.—There was an improved feeling ex-
hibited in the share market to-day, and a large business
has been done at higher prices. The transactions were as
follow:—Caledonian, 20%8—Eastern -Counties, 974—East
Lancashire, 181 A—Lancashire and Yorkshire, 75%—Ditto;
Fifths, 53/8 dis.—London and North-Western, 125—Ditto,
'New Quarters, 55/8 p.—Ditto, Fifths, 43/8 p,—Midland,
01hwe s
—t ryy and2lh—York
and
Chester),l64 yAlALlohurethw-sElmasrtyeinand ChandDesotveer (2r,
Midland, 24%—York, Newcastle, and Berwick, Preference,
unpaid-up, 2,5/8 die.
MANCHESTER, JUNE 16.
STOCK EXCHANGE.--.The share market presented an im-
proved appearance to-day, and prices getserally had a ten-
dency upwards. The transactions • were as follow .—Black-
burn (B), Preferezce, s—Caledonian, 20%—Eastern Coun-
ties, 93A—East Lancashire, Quarters, 18—Lancashire and
Yorkshire, 75%—London and North-Western, , New Quarters
51/2 p.---Midiand, 69k.
G7ol.7l7thhUe.erAesrall;:a:jaeUffilftetEcirteladt
woUenret_Ofßbiunnsinineg9.s.
doSnTeOtCoKto-Eaxayc.nexl:
ham, Wolverhampton, and Stour Valley, 10%—Shrewsbury
and Birmingham (B), 63A.

;IL
00
sPinsi
al
osl Pills
Hansom,
Appetite,
p eet 1 ffii t ec, i
anden t
_ _
it—hettS°tolml°awcr,;
remedy[AD vfoErnmsfeskEnmesEsNoTf.
General Debility.-- The wife' of Mr.
boot
maker, of 14, Maxey-road, Plumstead, had suffered for
than seven years from sickness of the stomach and losarorore
ap-
petite, and was so debilitated as to be compelled to keep i
le;
bed. She had been to the hospital for advice, and under dif-
ferent medical men, but without benefit, and at this time her
life was despaired of. As a last resource Holloway's Pills were
tried, and, to the astonishment of all her friends, they produced
immediate relief, and soon restored her to sound and robust
health.—Sold by all Druggists and at Professor Holloway's
Establishment 244, Strand, London., .
Rgsgisp NOT TO ux Pooa.—Whatever you have,
spend lehtLl poverty i• d great' enemy to human happiness.
It certainly destroys liberty, and it makes some virtues iin-
i practicable and others extremely difficult._
Dr. Johnlon.

. ' THE AUSTRA.LIANCOOI,4ELDS.
U
LECTURE AT TE SOCIETY
il
Yesterday evening the most crowded Insetti'Sg:ever
; ! sqcn within the wells of the Satiety of Arts assembled
, 1 to bear Mr. Shillieg, te gsntlernen recently returned frorn
esptiee e
•
.4 di 'polcieieat features, present'pOstiOn,
ere: future pre:epee-es. sm
—oe peci,,„s ef
.qd irtz and
‘, e eg et)," provided by the lied attention of Professor
Ttnnant, Were exhibited, bnt se great was the crowd
0 th •
that Only a. fivr inthe inembeieto neighbreurhood of the
table 'could gretify orate curiosity by an inspection.
The chair tievitig been Nilsen by Mr, Wieckworth,
Mr. Sneataelet reatttlee.fel4iwiteg p iper :---•
" The Australian cordillera run in a lino with the
coast, and at an overuse dietance of Less than one hun-
tdrriebduttnerlitees* orris° thell arslhin°'gre.fteditillelanudrrthu
.units to form the Manny, feekez into tee sea near
Adelaide. Gold has been found on bash sides of these
cordillera, and chi( fly, a a
8 - 'e shall see, is the smel-
ler streams and. bends of the rivers; •hut- the basin
of the Murray naltY inv24id ti constitute the Anera•
flan gold field.. It is . well known that Which
the geological
cAlenadraienteAr
Australis; as
rangesa ini s to :as: mceo
ua:ttrhieast,o. the Sierra.
stowhiaitte;rese,are all
Nevada of California and Ural tuQuntmas of Russia.
by far the
largest supply of gold ha, been procured from the banks
and beds •of rivers 'flowing through the accumulated
masses of debris, either torn frOm the mountain sides by
some convulsion of nature, or brought down by the floods
of past ages. Even although a hundred- weight has been
found in the matrix at one spot;
more, thew vie have any foundatio
a for doing,. to say that
gold may anywhere be found concentrated in- large-
quantities; every clreumbletteoeemeneambeen prove
--Oat it has existed but rarely in masses, or at any rate.
m ge l ves, h
awveeablede
nmeaateidt.,
that these have been so broken up in the course of ago*.
it would be assuming
arid disseminated amongst the debris of mountains, that
it is now almost hopless to search after matrix gold. The
very outline of these hills. and mountains, almost without
exception rounded, and riith precipices of any mcgei.
pturdoeh,shbluetthsealtdtehmeirsshoor
by detritus, so as• to this peculiar cherecter to the
scenery, the only distinguishing. feature that the gold`
field perhaps possessea. Imagine a number of -enormous.
haycocks, frOm 5 to 1,500 feet high, peeked to close
together as impenetrable substances of such a shape
could be • generally crammed, in. raeg„ but sometimes
isolated ; their steep slopes covered to the summit with.'
the thin evergreen, or rather ever-brovvn bush of Aus
tralia, and•yeu will have a very fair idea of the general
appearance of the gold distries. 'lts other features are'
such as are common to mountainous countries, with the
limpid stream winding down the deep • valley between
the projecting spurs, or noisy torrent rushing inopetu-
ously down 'the adjoining gully. &List of rho rivers,
however, - deserve the name only after heav rains ; at
other times they are little better than a succession of
water holes, united, perhaps, by a Btreamlet 'which
often, indeed, seems to find its 7,437 with difficulty from
one hole to another ; yet preoipiees, formed by the tear-
ingirregularities away of steep banks,- show not unfrequentlee the
force with 'which their swollen waters must at times have
rolled. In New South Wales,
name of Blue Mountains, which in the earlythe rane takes the
traoawdhichllas a
days of the
colony opposed a formidable barrier to its extension.
Many attempts had been made, to cross them ideate ;
but the drought of 1813 led - to another att,,mpt on the
part of the three gentlemen, of whoni Mr. Wentworth
and resulted in
g its name
thewas openingo°e ; it
ofw a st
he ) nißPal teht en
IrYs t successfuldiSlriataki,_
road was
been since
improved by' Sir T. Mitchell, and
.afrtomentehee
etoosszttnethocenod.fotiTudheide,
is 'not the
least among the triumphs of engineering skill.
This barrier thus removed, nothing has ;epee
stopped the progress of the settler in his
new pastures, and the consequence is, that about two-
thirds of the small population of 200,000 are very thinly
scattered over an enormous territory; the other one-third
are town popnlition. The choicest valleys i search for
in the moun-
tains have that become oc !upied
bY sheep stations or
small settlers, and for years the gold-blearing-blearingb streamhas
bo's'n used for domestic
:purposes, and the soil tilled
•without gold having been discovered. This may at first
excite surprise, but it must be remembered that gold is
so sparingly and minutely, disseminated throughout the
soil that it is only in the •process of washing that it re-
veals itself: There is scarcely more eppearenCe of it on
the surfice than on that of Wienbledon-common or
Putney-heath. Indeed, as Mr. Hargreaves, the (Hoe-
verer, wrote from California to his brother when be
says, " I am very forcibly impressed that I have been in
a gold region in New south Miles; Within 300 miles' of
Sydney; unless you know how to find it you may, live
for a century in the region aed know nothing of its.
existence." This was dates! Itlerch 5, 1850, and pi r•
haps originated a rumour which circulatedere-the news-
papers long previous to the discevery; but, years before,
several eminent geologists, espeeislty.Str B. Murchison
and the Rev. Mr. Clarke, had predicted the existence of
gold. Mr. Clarke, indeed, professes that he could have
found it, but would no:, as it veal inexpedient, the colony
being a omelet one. A shepherd had even been known to
have sold gold in considereele quantities in Sydney, but
he kept his , secret in spite
of the geologists, and not.
until the new Ophir vvas proclaimed in MeY 135; year,
was the mystery of his wealth revealed. The locality
thus aamsd by Mr. Hargreaves, es a deep ravine, througe
whiCh flows the Senornerbill Creek, from the lefty
Camillus, between 4,000 bud 5000 feet high-
So deep
is the ravine that the diggers 'enjoy vary little of the
sun. On one side it is bouticled by reels of clue,s7z nCI
schist, in some PIP"PeS almost Perpendieillar• '"°, •iex-
citement caused bY4thse'disbovery,
imagine, was very great, and the mail was beqcged by
crowds, who had waited with imPatience for confirnistory
accounts. : These had no sooner arrived than in I'l9°Bl
instantaneous change took place
.n the aspect of things,
and it waT iMpOseitll,3 to stir out in the streets or walk
along the high road without perceiving the alteration.
Cradles and digging .paraPherealia intruding upon the
as
yeti may reach y
pathway,_ half-finished houses deserted by the workmen,
and a largo proportiou pc th- Is
shops closed, gaY° a new
and melanchoty appearaece to_ the. streets. The
road would have furnished tea
many 4 pso ; for *more motley crowds or stranger
outfits than those' of the hundreds who joined in the
first rush to the mines could he conceived.
searcely
At the same time provisions, and ©specially flour,
rose to hitherto undheard-of price,. The 2:b. loaf.
Dickens
previously 3d., became as mutes us 91 at Sydney; and
flour at Opbir was scarcely t
-0 be had for money, 131. a
matter for
ton was even advertised to take it there, 150 a►ite®• The
with tm acted as a
necessity g taking provisions
during the first tea
cheek up the number of
that whl.lo, • tia),-e, there ware 400 at
Ophir, these bad increased in
ape: her fortnight to 2,000,
with hundreds still on thereat]. The space within which
they had to work was limited, 'and they were butebadly
provided for the -winter,' which,- in -tee mountains, is
quite another thing to what it i' Sydney, paring
a at
June and July almost as many were to be seen return-
diggers, 'shel it is estimated
ing from the mines as had before been going there,
end mostly in very sorry p 14,11,..
Pt;tt the extravagant hopes
formed, sure to be ' dicippointed, because extravagant,
will account for this reverse, Hopeful they had les-
sened - the difficulties, thought nothing. of the labour,
and magnified tho profits; ana ,
heavy rains, and perhaps in "
--
WUUti they found it all so
different, returned in disgust; 6"h, at least, was the case
with many of the Sydney adventurers. Tye consequence
as that the diggings became. the hest place to hire la-
Tile severe season,
was
aid the cheapest Plane to live, for flour and pro-
e;siees had bean As
to
u' ta tis"PPly a populatiee which
had vanished. As in!tatme.9 . ,tnis reaction I May. Men-
tion one case; in whiehh a.wpearrhty party; Was to receive 401, for
taking up stores
payment, and thenmarket. This down
again to the poeoss4oin
search of a better
and
especially, proved a 1
‘Yhibarouteht doar:erwarOs
those
to many in the colony rl, nen agine, to .
- had only Government clerks whoihey
had Jee esitatel about going
to the mines because .
opoint n given to understand
left their a, menta would have them
that none who.
well
induce
tilos
again. And it may.d
711
own e about to leave
taken in
tp arto
dficalties—nothing,
this country to cool e their fitness, _before they
madly encounter d* .
and strong men; but me,
those
who uy the sedentary and
weak.. But many
° should be o thus
insurmountable
returned only
waited till the winter _ ~..„,, the oar,_i...wf hen they were
, Perhaps, to navvies
resolved to try again;
rTiiiiituent in
itsgm
__lT,' as it may
well disappointed again and again,in
thong
well be called, is lute . 4° 0 , and once
seized by it,
unhappy patient,
dreads nothin
discontented and unsettled,
to.ey
his
lock
owieeso
mach as
want of the.. means t
the ahee naore:. Blew.
tlOl2 enabledP"nera to get in while, this re-action e me months before
it was (). the accounts
last year's clip, as
the next discovery, accounts
from the Turon, whereeXplored by
attracted the adventtir
most cases the disease remains, and the
diggers from Ophir, re-
attracted
which on
as 20,000 are estimated diggings, and as ma.ni.
e• The township 0; V to have
South Wales the Taro have hitherto been tehrtes.prliancNipeawl.
been there at one
been founded with itsh
tialchnrch, and at the end the year
two public-houses d been licensed, one
a d took 5001. sof 1 . rata has
a a fs about 30
4 as 18 through the„b h
miles from Batburs
not so lofty, but the rive" from
Ophir. The hills are The bedrock is for the r at times
its opening day, 'hear t
deserves the ileum
sometimess o fi s t o s e,
Clay and gobbles baked hard— a TO
together; cl. a Otrata of .
there is. a red sandstone, o most pardt
trheiadsch reached after sinking througtt
a rack,' or rather
as to resemble
sand bound so har
d bane; and '
the
miner
comes another layer of
bard bske. Sometimes thfl
comes to strata of - 805pst0ne; and pinedii, 5' at."
comes to strata
of
-a°
river claims. There- Is
uaaa
mon in some of the ,
of the .hills for -banks,
otherd
claims -on the teP.
the auriferous earth I;
and
the labour of carrying
but several carts Nmre employed, o
great,
stream is very
andbe lo below
I al, and one cradle
in doing
• this at IS' /1 . (Jr,
day. 1 hese dry can take
diggings, of course,
four cartloads per
~.., of never being flooded, which, in
have the • adiantaise
e winter of last year, is a very
a_
wet
seas" like t .°,ecee is much wore uncertaintygreat otie indeed; but 1-
in the creek tied
r.
Ivor beds,
la them than in tho.se
attention soon enable a Man to
where experience ando degree of Certainty Herechoose a place with "ta
certain places basin - 'peculiar'
the gold is deposited in
a , hAet in others. g
features more pleatiru,ny t Bunks with a
covered with the detritus f the
gentle slope from ridges
turns in the stream, c and
ourifeaous rocks, short sharp _ _
•with upturned d
rocks in its. bed:lying
e edges, and crevices
*whets for deposits, are pretty
forming receptacles or p
in abundance is t. 'I, - - sure indications that gold _ ..0 ~e got, and
4 the greatest deposits are likely
to be Found at the turn

which
the
minerso:
never
ft
eyr
vt hoeo
errf
, of the stream on and near the projecting points, but, in
the dry .diggings, there is little to guide tbo digger; he
has no idea until he has actually tried and dug a hole to
the bed sock what his fortune is likely to be, and the
depth to- which has to dig 'varies from sft. to 20ft.,
end oven more. After passing through the loose top
soil and rod clay ho comes to the mixture of red manly
earth, ire which are bedded gravel and pebbles. The
pebbles inereaso in sizz as he gets nearer to the bed rock,
,where ho finds boulders a 10'ilbs. and upwards in weight,
evideetly worn by the attrition of water through cen-
turies. At this depth the soil is white and clayey. The
mixture of earth and pebbles 'is extremely herd, and
picks worked on it 'require to be pointed very often
Alter wet king down through this to bed rock, the gold
digger :may be rewarded handsomely, and he may, on
the other hand, have thrown all his labour away. Some
such holes, 16 or more feet drop, yield barely a quarter
of an ounce a day during washieg, while others not half
the depth may yield from five to ten ounces. , Oakey
Creek is' the richest of those falling into the Turon, and
immense holes, piles of -rubbish, heaps of pebbleo . and
cradle .tabliogs, showed even lest November that it had
been well explored. A smaller creek of the same name,
ieparated from it by a dividing ridge, is also exceed-
ingly rich. About two miles up it the banks become.
very precipitous and rugged; and 'there is a fall of about
keen feet. Above the tall it is a mere watercourse over
table land occupied as a sheep station. The women even
at the sheep station took knives and pint pots, and ga-
' thered the gold from the crevices of the rocks, but the
scarcity of water prevented eny -extensive cradling.
' What must have been the sensations of the people at the
sheep station at seeingio mush gold dug out of the spot
where they have been !o1 years in the habit of filling
-- their tea-kettle? The rocks about both these creeks are
schist arid quartz, and appear to be much worn, the tops
and sides of the ridges being covered with their detritus.
Where exposed to the weather, the schist is of a grey
and of a red colour, bat iii the bed of the creek it is often
blue and green, and has a polished appearance.
Quartz veins traverse it in a north and south
direction. The prices on the best claims on
the Turon will afford some clue as to its richness. The
best one was sold for nine hundred pounds, and
the, purchaser allowed two days' trial, in which he' got
160/. towards the purchase-money. The bed rock was
nine feet from the surface, and very uneven, jutting up-
wards in masses, forming hatre pockets for holding the
precious metal. Another claim, sold for 700/., did not
repay the purchaser, though 7lbs. were found one day,
and 511:12. the next. One party, called rangers, procured
1,5001. worth in four or five weeks; but, says the corre-
spondent of the paper, the enumeration of such remark-
able, successes can only have a. prejudicial effect in
giving a false notion of the general success of the
eds ill:et i then
H richi t
he r
a goldenis a Point,
Pennyweight S h Sheep
i]i,
Sta-
tioninineprosinfto,ri%bn
a city of refuge to those who fled to it from utter want.
To expect more_ than a bare subsistence was out of the
question, and yet to see them toiling at their miserable
task, delving away like mad, carrying huge bake of soil
to be washed, and the whole hill like an ant hill with
bustle and hurry moving with active life, you would
fancy they were making their fortune, and almost
breaking their necks to make it soon, As an instants() of
the floods with which these mountainous districts are
sometimes visited, I will read a description of one which
occurred in Oakey Creek in the middle of December.
It is supposed to have been caused by the breaking
of a water-spout during- a -thunder-storm, for the pro-
digious volume of water which, in less than an hour
from the commencement of the storm, poured its devas-
tating flood down the creeks, could scarcely owe its rise
even to the heaviest fall of rain. A loud roar, like a
coming storm of wind, was the only warning, and before
the miners had time to think, the moving mass of waters
was upon them; cradles and other implements were
swept away to destruction; holes and excavations filled
up, and heaps of useless earth thrown up by miners
were levelled down, burying what tools were not carried
away, and restoring somewhat the former appearance of
the creeki befofe they were disturbed by the pursuit of
gold. Miners barely escaped with life, and there were
one or two fatal accidents. After the flood, the waters
,if which subsided almost as quickly as they rose, the
banks of the creek, especially about the highest water-
mark, were thinly' sprinkled with gold,
quickly gathered; one nueget of one ounce was picked
up. The diggings of New South Wales, next in import-
ince to the Turon, were, I think, Braid wood or Aralven
diggings. in the county of St. Vincent. The correspondent
of the Empire, Dec. 10, says, I was astounded at the
busy scene; :the entire bed had been rooted up from
20 to 25 feat, and in each excavation from 6 to 10 men
were engaged in dislodging the auriferous soil, and
conveying it to the cradles near the water course, for-the
purpose of separating the gold froin the detritus. The
Mejor'.i Creek (which has proved -the, richest) Is' pro-
perly a swamp. oterered h ..tnestlidees wit:lV fon'irgilky
4rass in tusfocks. The surface soil is black and rich in
the extreme, suitable for garden ground. This runs to
the depth of from 5 to 8 feet, under which is a stratum
of decomposed granite, the richest veins are blue and
ituT:avcsucueserilnoiedinxton rhgtisesitnloolttvith.
,ceaof
irsxnejoswaigiurdiorneeaogr:atiibtahnel
let
croatrsyncft :el iiaiZorcil reeri:fdref
igort,4oe:oegunr, sod,
green, and passing througlrltbse a mass of solid rock or
been so well tried es either of the others; and, b .ing on
a much larger scale, affords room fir theueands.
Gold is here found in surface earth, iu black and
red gravel; and under the grave!, in blue clay, which
is generally considered the most promising, as it re-
tains the gold, in fact, gold can scarcely be looked fur
in gravel, 85 the gravel, so easily disintegrated, will have
allowed the heavy metal to f ell through to the bed of the
stream; but the clay is perhaps never thoroughly disins
tegrated, and the masses, when deposited, have still gold
disseminated throughout them; but this clay is very bad
to work in the cradle. , Not unfrequently it rolls up in
balls about the size of pills, and carries the gold wish it,
as it °liege so tenaciously to the crevices of the larger
stone's-that uo ordinary amount of rocking will separate
it from them, and the stones may be thus thrown away
itanthoorghetrahoesua
with no inconsiderable quantity of dust clingiog, to the
sides. The clay should perhaps. be steeped in a trough,
or better still, dealt with in same kind of a puddling.
The Louisa Creek, so famous on account of the cut, is
a tributary of the Naroo; but here the diggings are on
a table land some distance from the stream. The his-
tory of the cut is, I presume, too well known for me to
repeat. I will only mention that, while staying -at the
Commissioner's, I. saw several. times the black who
pointed it out to Dr.,Kerr, and having squandered
his reward, he was cutting bark for the barracks at 4d.
a sheet. AnOther magnificent nugget, valued at, I be-
lieve, 1,300/., was found some months after by Brenan's
party, and several smaller once ,since. A company is
now working a half-acre claim in this locality, so that
the diggers have been driven from the choicest part.
Their average get up to the ' time of my leaving was 10
()epees a day, with 30 men employed, who received 21. ss.
wages and rations. This is much above the average of
the previous diggers, showing the great advantage of
system. I had the pleasure of dining with the company
on Christmas-day off roast and plum-padding, the
thermometer Wog 100 deg. in the shade. &bout 55
miles from Bathurst are the Abercrombie diggings. The
river may be described as tthe Turon on a grand scale,
the mountains ' loftier, creeks and gullies deeper, and
river a more important stream. Its geological features
are precisely similar. consisting of slate, alters
rutting with trap and porphyry, and that peculiar
gravel 'deposit under which such abundance of
gold has been discovered at the Turon is to be
seen cropping out at many points of the river; but
tohtigneo; beneath;
the
the work at the Abercrombie is mere hen-scratching
compared to the Hercalean labours at the Turon. But
it would be tedious and impossible to go through the
long list of diggings, and the probability is that in the
out-of-the-way valleys and gullies there are yet other
generally unknown ones where many a digger may be
reeking his cradle and saving his license fee. The ones
I have mentioned are the chief in New South Wale's..
Of Victoria I can only speak from report. The first ac-
count South Wales
of its goldfields which reached New
time
were quite unwarranted by facts, so that for some ti
w •
11 gold newe . was received with discredit. It
a Victoria
since, however, been incontestibly shown that their '
mines
has
are the richest: they are nearer, too, to the capital,
which in part accounts for the greater yield, as it was t
n
almost drained of its population, while Sydney wasl a
~, lime perhaps more than decimated. Buying°i g was
the fit's discovered. It is about forty miles from
Geelong,
and' is described as on the edge _ of
forest in . the midst of a magnificent
an ,open te Apretty valley, clothed with
agricultural
.coun th
with _
' either side, a verdant meadow spread
timber on
out at the bottom, through which ripples a stream lim-
-t till the • 1 d
search for gold gave it a co our an
id probably
P- . more resembling pea-soup. Oa one side a
consistenq hillprojects the basin, and is honey-
into
little round ht
d wtth holes ejigtajp:,at square. o Di tint Alexander
combed .
ortlitlll4`d as in N South Wales, it
is more to -910 e ,
old is ogrened from a strata
s the rtchest yield of go
seem at a depth of from two feet to nine
of blue clay found
it
willreadily be •
circumstances
gined 'From these
'kinds of diggings—riverl'
there are two
etried that
d. . .
~.
'at the dry diggings, away alto-
gs and dry iggings.
gin
from the stream, gold must be found near
gather tawny
will suppose a party of diggers
1,0 surface. na• . we
of tee road and arrived on the
over all the difficulties
;;old fit: le Unless they are so fortunate as to have•
strived when some at a time
discovered, and before all the claims are occupied, they
will have to prospect in search of one: so while some aro
legit in c. F.. haree of the property, others, provided with
picky©,
spade' and prospecieg pan, start on the pro-
.
op -
seang tour . p .
the an is merely a large round
flat-bottomed shallow tut dish, into which, es
seen as they, some to what they consider a good
;bee, they will throw a spadeful of earth and atones
• carrying it down with them to the stream,
they will here dip it
,into the water and shake it, thus
allowing the particles of gold, if ' there, to descend by
their weight through the upper layer of agitated earth
and stones, then holding lose) that the water may carry
off the earth through which it will have passed, they
again dip it in the water, and repeat this simple prccess
until tit© earth is- all carried away and the gold only
left. As soon as they.. find it in what they, consider
'll cho s • •
paying quantity, they will coo some contempt place
on the stream where they may establish their cradle.
The cradle is exactly the Same thing as the common
_ domestic article, With an upright wooden handle at.

n are
re
er
' tacked to it, end is used solely as a convenient machine
the :sieve is fixed in the credit) a board slepicg down-
wards, with a coolie of li.diPS across dividing it into
1 tfhorrer.eoncekairnigy aenquiroo
in, sieve placed ate aornthe endand °f:
i stonest. U
thrown into h --
- . the cradle ought to be
t e sieve, when
vigorously rocked, wvter b-ing all the time poured en
80 us thoroughly tO- 'mud, clay, and earth
from the et s"Parate the
stones. wh,„ ~,,, is done, a glance 1.5'. buffi-
eierit to tell if there itro• any. nuggets of 'gold among tt.e
atones—though, for til ftt: I'Ll'
- risk of throning
them away without looki Mtter. the
oir would not be very great,
so rarely is it the =: case
The sieve is then filie;C :e thlt there are 9IIX.
ain, the cradle rocked,
the stones thrown out,
`e Proce,. repeated n , . ted until the
. accumulcion of mud at• the led '
„ gel is c ,nsidereel suffi-
cient, which is .then esr,fuil
gold picked Out. '- Frivontlithbeerree'l?Vd sway, and the
only .a few grainm, ,bat oce4siotriai' is
"114
soPletimes
taken out. In the case of dry chi,..iximr,ttnrh emcees htve
been supposing,t he soil will of euurre 1-i! --t.
we
--4ve
some distanes to the cradle' at the B.,_:;vit? to be carried
hemmed in by other ekime the diggers Witrje "4 if n"t
operations at the Kielce, to
.save lab)nr, unless
their
find the yield as they go down more than compris t"7
But river claims are c:miacred the most valuahle,aut%
here it is not such a sine qoa non to procure gold at the
surface, because they look to the holes and crevices in
the original rock bed of the stream—pockets as they call
them—for the chief reward of all their toil in reaching
it. So the prospecting party will most likely direct
their steps to the river, and etamine well all its peculi-
arities. Perhaps they will choose some promising bar,
where if with the prospecting dish they procure gold in
any tolerable' quantity it settles the point at once, and
they will bring down the crLdle, pitch their tent,, &e.
But the soil maybe gravel, and they can scarcely then
expect to produce gold, by washing, near the surface; for
the gravel being easily separated by the current will have
allowed the geld topass through to the bed of thestream;
but if after removing the top stones that almost in-
variably find their way to these bars they reach a tena-
cious clay, as it will never in all probability have been
thoroughly disintegrated by the current, they may cal-
culate on finding at once. A blue clay especially is con-
sidered very promising, though it gives of course a great
deal of trouble in the washing, being exceedingly diffi-
cult to get thoroughly away from the stones and pebbles
that it clings to so tenaciously. If they determine upon
working this bar they will dig a trench, and by the aid •
of back troughs divert the stream. They will then dig
till they reach the original bed, after removing in their
way to it enormous slabs and stones—a labour which is
not unfrequently for nothing. Or the party may choose
some bank or spur over which at some ancient date the
river has flowed. Here they will notice where the point
would have been, and' probably will choose the spot
where they think the eddy caused by it has existed.
Should they not procure gold at the surface they may
yet, according to circumstances, determine to work it,
and very often holes twenty feet deep and upwards may
be seen, out of which not a particle has ever been
procured. As before, they will dig till they reach
the original bed, and should they be so fortunate
as to obtain a good yield from its pockets, following
their direction, they will tunnel under the adjoining
banks. Sometimes it happens that while •in one hole
hundreds of pounds worth are thus procured in one day,
the next claim will have yielded nothing. Many, in-
deed, work for weeks without meeting with any success.
Daring last winter, the wettest known for twenty years
at the mines, the working of the bed claims has been
most seriously impeded; in fact, it has been impossible
to work some of them at all for months together; but
this circumstance, so unfavourable to the New-South
Wales diggers, has proved quite the-reverse to those at
work on Mount Alexander, notorious as itis in ordinary
seasons for its want of water; even before I left Sydney
this complaint was agaia abroad, and I hear that sixty
men from Sydney had returned disappointed in conse-
quence. It would be extremely desirable to determine
how far mining, as sit present carried on, partakes of the
nature of a lottery; but the data are so contradictory,
exaggerated, and inaccurate, that this is almost impos-
sible • still I believe the present impression to be unwar-
ranted
by facts; it is very questionable whether the ac-
tual gross yield of the mines has as yet equalled the ex-
pense incurred in consequence of their discovery—isolated
facts, accounts of individual success create undue im•
pressions, people are apt to forget the oblivion that
attends failure in reading the glowing accounts of one
suddenly enriched. Now there have been numerous
failures at all the' diggings, even at Mount Alexander;
but there are no certain data by which we can arrive at
the average earnings. The licenses issued afford no
clue, as at one time only a portion of the diggers took
them out, and it can scarcely be doubted that in the nu-
merous out of the way vallies, there' 4:many at digger
rocking his cradle and savier,'hir Nettis! fet.
Indy surmise theta loth---thrlteM7r7,3 o P.-11 ,diggers

themsolves : the average earnings of the first' 00
at Ophir appear to have been about 10s. a day; but
their success was most unequal. Mr. Forbes gives
it as his opinion that where one got 20g. or 301,
fifty earn 10s. a day, end forty-nine scarcely their ra-
tions. Later still a newspaper correspondent estimatef
the average earnings at 21. a' week, and says no one would
set it above 31; new rated the
_average turnings kt
the Turon agave IL per wef,k. At Louisa Creek,
the correspondent of the Empirc pats it at 10s. a doy
per man, when successful ones were getting a quarter of
an ounce daily, and scores not earning rations; at Braid-
wood, at the best time, 153. to 303. At
_Mount Alex-,
ender some estimate it to have been at cue time us high
; but the commissioners at the
as 3/. a day per met-,
same time puts it as from 15s. to 303. Comparing all
the accounts, it seems probable that at a time when the
mail and weekly escort were bringing down between
5,000 anti 6,000 weekly, the number engaged in mining
operations approached ut least 25.000; but failures were
very numerous, so Maly
totally unfit for the work en-
gaged in it, to say nothing of other causes. Indeed, ge-
nerally, I do not think the fit character of the only
proper persons to emigrate can be too strongly insisted
on. Both in Australia and New Zealand I have met
many who should never have left their own country."
The CHAIRMAN said that he felt much indebted to
Mr. Shilling, in common with the meeting, bat would
feel obliged if he could throw any light on a fact which
had been communicated to him. A friend had sent out
800 sovereigns as a venture to purchase gold, and the
result of the transaction, after paying all expanses, was
a profit of only 11. 15s. 9d.
Mr. SHILLING suggested that the gold might not
have bran properly assayed. There was only one person
in Sydney who knew how to assay gold.
A Gentleman present read extracts from a Sydney
paper just received, to shOw that there were numbers of
persons out of employment there, and seeking it at
small salaries, also that the average earning was about
an ounce and a quaxter per week per man. From this
paper the gentleman inferred that wages had not risen at
Sydney.
Mr. SHILLING said when he left Sydney wages were
rising rapidly. Tinmen got 3/. per week, and bakers 21.
Mr. S. SYDNEY said there was no doubt there was
ample employment in Australia for strong men, but per-
sons of the better class who thought of going out
would do well to recollect that the work was something
like laying gas pipes in Lonoon. There were many
young men here who dressed well but had very little
t
money in their pocket. If they were not afraid when
out of sight of their friends to become shepherds or
bullock-drivers, they might get plenty of employment
and good wages.
Mr. J. SAUNDERS said he bad resided thirteen years
in the colony, and believed that those advertisements for
situations wet 6 from men of bad character, who would
not get employment anywhere.—(Hear, hear.) Ile be-
lieved that forty or fifty thousand hands could at this
moment be absorbed by the labour of the colony with-
out inconvenience.

11l answer to an inquiry, two or three gentlemen
simultaneously said that sovereigns were the best ven-
ture that emigrants could take with them, and Mr.
Shilling added that the expense of living at the diggings
was about 15s. a week.
Mr. FOSTER proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. Shilling.
Professor TENNENT, in seconding the vote, dwelt upon
the necessity of some chemical and mineralogical know-
iedge,,ng,i)reliminftries to the Australian voyage. Many
were noir going who did not know one ore from another,
and thb best advice ho could give to intending emigrants
was to godown for two or three weeks to the mines of
DarbyshirptsrA Corntvall, and there study the variousipro-
Ceases connect with digging, washing, and smelting the
ores.—(Elear,'hear.) The Learned Professor, in co.
elusion, of n
•Olved, that without some previous study
of
this kinds the emigrant from Saxony and France would
have gritiladvantages over the English, as, generally
/d
speakin,Ahey were much better edricated.—(ear.)
The voteof thanks was then• passed by acclamation,
and the proceedings terminated.

LATE FATAL RAILWAY ACCTDENT.
AYLIOURY, WEDNESDAY.--This forenoon, as ten
o'clock,,Ap Coroner for Buckinghamshire Mr. Joseph
Parrott, and the jury empannelled on Saturday hot' t(d)
investigittlhe death of George Allen,
‘...e guard, kilted
by the extraordinary accident which took Pile° °llbticd
line of the Aylesbury Railway on Friday, re•assera or-
at the Aylesbury Arms Inn, at Cheddington, for the P
pose offttrther prosecuting their inquiry. ,-..„..ecter
CaptainDonlas Galion. the Government lu v
in 5 day to of Railways, who had been down on the Igevenatigation,
ozaeliutt;the line and to institute his Own isof Mr. J• P.
was prissent during the inquiry, as wag also chief'
Bruyeres, general Euper irit,4adent ; Mnr-up—si-ord, Fulmin"
of the lecotnotive department; .;11r. "cr-officials ef the
tenclentilLthe railway police and otherle Company.
LondonWiNorth-Western RiiilwaY q.,°o,
Severawitnez•ses having bo•on examine t vim delibe-
The court was cleared, and the .1' "
returnedj the fillowing
rated for upvtatds of as ,hour,
special-verdict i-- Allen came by
" We find that the deceased George
J, by accidental his death (Lath on Friday, the 1 lob theune
engine of the train i
of
cumsttrices, in tionsequenee.,°,raning off the line of the
which he was the guard
.1-
Aylesbury RallwaY4 , owing to the clay sub-soil, the
" The jury think that,
rails and sleepers constant attention and care,
require
ethe evidence that there is not
aqd that it app,Denacrs fii°latait üboVe 'the clay; that the bear-
in
°ace's 8uili"o- ,b3l; the jury considering that there
bear-
ings are too
should be anofathr:; Sleeper under each rail.