The Sun.
London, England, 1852-09-29 00:00:00

'breoglilrli_ :71111;

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1842

Nothing could be more happily illustrative of ti:e
commercial prosperity and political tranquillity which
are the peculiar cbarecteristies of the present age
than the Speech from the Throne, delivered on the
20th inst., upon the inauguration of the Legislative
Session of the States General by his Majesty the
King of HOLLAND. Instead of allusions to war, or
congratulations upon victory, there were references to
the satlifactory appearance of foreign relations. " I
receive," said the KING, in that stereotyped sentence
of the reigning Sovereigns of Christendom, " constant
marks of friendship and esteem from foreign Govern-
ments." Instead of an enumeration of territorial
conquests, or
a catalogue of prizes won in battle,
there was a seatetnent in regard to the crops—the
bloudlese conquests of peace and the guiltless prizes
of agriculture. "The favourable prospects relative
to the harvests in the colonies," observed his MA-
JESTY, " hale been completely realised."
Instead of
haughty comments upon the
subjugation of neigh-
bouring principalities, there were felicitations upon
the successful exchanges effected in merchandise.
" The results of the sales made Busing the present
year," remarked the Royal orator, "have
been parti-
cularly favourable." Throughout the whole of the
Address, indeed, there were evidences of that same
serene and humanizing spirit which has tended
cf
late to forward so very materially the onward march
of civilizetion. The preservation of order in the
various provinces of the kingdom W 39 intimated in
the passage which averred that " the execution of thr,
provincial and commercial laws had made consideralee
progress in general," insomuch that the KING ad..
mitted that he found reason to exult in the " effica-
cious co-operation of the provincial states and the
commercial administrations." The only allusion
made throughout this interesting Speech from the
Throne to operations, or rather to projects of a
warlike character, was one eminently indicative of
those very peculiarities to which we have already re-
ferred as illustrative of the present age—the peculiari-
ties tendieg to enforce the Maintenance of commercial
prosperity and of political tranquillity. Fot it Watts

to the vindication of the principles of humanity and i
to the better stabilitation of the system of mercantile
engagements. "On the invitation of a friendly
power," said his MAJESTY, in this portion of his Ad-
dress to the States General, "and in following out
the track which was commenced in 1844, I have pro-
mised my good offices in favour of an attempt to
obtain modifications in the system of exclusion
hitherto maintained by the empire of Japan." Re-
collections are hereby agreeably revived of that
generous enterprise upon which the United States of
America—the " friendly power," implied by the King
of HoLLAND—have recently resolved to adventure :
an enterprise rendered inevitable at last by the sys-
tematic cruelties indulged in, almost "time out of
mind," by the barbarous severity tolerated, perhaps
we should more correctly say, directly authorised by
the Japanese Government. From the infamous na-
ture of these cruelties, and from their
lamentably frequent recurrence, it has become,
at length, absolutely necessary for some one
of the more civilized races of the world to in-
terfere with a strong arm and with in-
flexible determination. Upon no power in either
hemisphere has the responsibility of this interposi-
tion more immediately devolved than upon the Re-
publicall
of North America—seeing that the mariners of
the United States have been more repeatedly than
Japanfrom thet towards
any other navigators suffererfs
displayed by the empire o
strangers indiscriminately, even towards such as
have been accidentally driven upon those inhospitable
shores by stress of weather, or, by the calamities of
actual shipwreck. It behoved the Council of Wash-
ington, therefore, to adopt such measures as were
best: calculated to prevent the repetition of
atrocities so heinous, and, elsewhere we rejoice
to think, altogether unparalleled. Therefore it
was that the Republican Administration presided
Over by iyhu.AnD Frumorts resolved not long ago to
sendv a
warlike expedition to Japan, capable of ex- ,
o
torting promises of future good conduct from the
members of the Japanese Government. For the
purpose of rendering this humane expedition in all
essential respects more effectual, it will be observed,
from the passage we have excerpted from the Royal
Speech delivered to the States General on the 20th
instant by the King of HOLLAND, that the democratic
administrators at Washington have secured the co-
operation
of at least one other of the maritime powers
of Christendom. Under these auspices we doubt not
for an instant that the expedition against Japan will
prove eminently successful—as successful, indeed, as
could by possibility be desired by the most devoted
lovers of humanity and by the most earnest well-
wishers to the sacred interests of civilization.

It is satisfactory, moreover, to observe from the
Royal Address inaugurative of the Legislative Session
of the States General that Holland has during the
past year been spared the repetition of those calamities
to which at one time she was unhappily becoming, in
a really fearful manner, habituated. " Our dykes,"
said the KING, " have been wholly exempt from disas-
ters. This has enabled us to carry on the works of
improvement, particularly those on the principal rivers,
with the more energy and success." Another, and a
very noble illustration of the fortunate results of the
leisure consequent upon the continuance of peace
among the European populations—one, moreover,
which was subsequently enforced in its significance
by the gratifying declaration of his MAJESTY—" I
witness with much interest the growing development
of the spirit of enterprise among our peop!e in agri-
culture, trade, and commerce, as well as in the mul-
tiplication of the modes of conveyance." Further on
the King of HOLLAND bad the gratification
of asserting, and with perfect accuracy, " The
measures adopted by my Government tend
to encourage and strengthen this development."
How far the onward movement has already
extended may be recognised by three remarkable
declarations—firstly, that "the works for uniting
Holland with the neighbouring states by means of
railways and electric telegraph communication are
prepared, and on the point of execution ;" secondly,
that during the past twelve months "navigation and
maritime constructions have been equally prosperous ;"
and thirdly, and in some particulars, of all, the most
important, that " the financial state of the country
affords ample ground for satisfaction." Such are the
principal features in that Speech from the Throne
with which his Majesty the King of HOLLAND re-
cently inaugurated the new session of the Dutch Le-
gislature—a Speech which, as it was singularly in
unison with the generality of those Royal Addresses
which are eminently characteristic of an age of in-
dustrial toil and social tranquillity, so it happily
closed, like the rest, with a touching recognition of
the homage due to the ineffable supremacy of DIVINE
PROVIDENCE. " May our united efforts to accomplish
the task that still awaits us," said the KING, ".be
crowned by the blessing of GOD !" We have com-
mented thus in detail upon the Royal Address de-
livered upon the 20th instant to the States General
of Holland, because we have considered it to be sa-
tisfactory, not only as indicative of the prosperity and
happiness enjoyed by that country in particular, but
as peculiarly and very agreeably expressive of the
p
prosperity and happiness pervading now-a-days the
majority of the rest of the nations of Christendom.

The committee appointed by the Admiralty to in-
quire into the suitableness and capabilities of the
ports of Galway and the Shannon as a Transatlantic
Packet Station, in connexion with a harbour of re-
fuge, have published their report, a copy of which
will be found in another part of this day's impression.
It is an important and apparently well-considered
document, and carries it with the authority
attached to the names of Captains BEECEIEY,
SMITH, and CAFFIN. It is, however, much
to be regretted that the investigation was
so limited in its nature as to prevent the claims of
Yalentis, Berehaven, and even Cork Harbour from
being taken into consideration—claims we cannot
help thinking susperior to those discussed in the
2nro td ae r a t
oefOopaitnfleawy
report, and which are not liable to the strong objec-
tions put forward by a majority of the committee to
both Galway and the Shannon,%nd which prevented
them from feeling justified' " in recommending
either of these ports as suitable to a service re-
quiring the greatest regularity and dispatch, and
under the necessity of being run for in all weathers,
day and night."
far as it goes, and subject to the drawback
above referred to, the decision is favourable to the
Shannon, and •
tt
hh ea
coincideni
more
Toraer bmi gives a preference to Poynes rather
this
ithe position to be selected. We fully
comparatively
not merely on account of
required—forth on such a point
the expenditure
y onsands more or less is a
trivialp aiemlzpetorsTttaahntiecoen, but chiefly
matter of co
en account of its
works should be advantagesconaietedwhen the necessary
part of the question is simple.
To render Galway
secure and suitable for a
These
plaercgueniaanryd
that sum.
more complete
extensive works would be required. works
decreed essential by the committee, could not be
cpolannsterunuctldednuandbeern2a2rrii,e6dooo/;t wuhnidleerthdeouble
Looking to every circumstance, the committee have
come to the conclusion that at the lowest estimate
230,0001. would be required, and tlicaotinindtehpe present
totf
the extension of the railway
terminus to the pier, which would have to cross the
stream from Lough Corrib, and would therefore require
a heavy outlay. This, however, the companY would
probably undertake if the question were thereby to
be decided in favour of Galway, and their line wade
the great trunk line for the passenger traffic between
Europe and America. On the other hand, Tarbert
would require for pier and basin 75,0001., and for
extension of railway—a single line to Limerick, to
join the existing railway there, 137,0001., making a
total of 212,0001., for which, however, we would have
34 miles of railway additional. Foynes, again,
would only require the construction of a pier and
am all breakwater, costing 13,0001., and twenty-four
miles of railway, at an expense of 90,000/., making
in all 103,0001., less than half that required for either
of the other :points. It is also better sheltered than
Tarbert, which, however, being more extensive, would
afford greater accommodation when the projected
works, had been carried into execution. Both Foynes
and Tarbert
would also have the advantage of pos-
sessing a capaciousrivet',sufficientl basin at Limerick, adjoining the
wide and deep at its entrance to
receive fpa packets required when needing re-
pir. l hheis, course, is an element of considerable
at,
importance in the calculation.
Additional light-

houses would be required either for Galway or the
Shannon, but as they would be desirable under any
circumstances, they may for the present be eliminated
from the equation. . _

In point of situation—and that after all is the
great question to be decided—the committee unani-
mously give a decided preference to the Shannon ;
and they are justified in so doing by the arguments
put forward in the report, to which we would
earnestly invite the attention of all persons interested
in the subject of more speedy communication with
America.

Nevertheless, as we have already stated, the claims of
Valentia, the most westerly harbour of Europe, and
shortest possible line of communication with America,
have been disregarded. The report of the late
lamented Commander WOLFE, after a careful survey
of that port, shows how eminently suited it is for the
required purpose. It possesses " sufficient area of
deep water for all the steamers in the navy." " The
shelter from all points is not to be surpassed in any
harbour, and the holding ground is of the best de-
scription—mud and sand."

The narrowness of the entrance constitutes the only
real difficulty, and that was not regarded by Com-
mander WOLFE as very formidable. He says, " al-
though in heavy north-west gales there will appear
from outside a line of breakers across the en-
trance, yet a well-conditioned steamer may safely
be carried through, and a good leading mark
may be easily established, which may be fearlessly run
upon. I have watched it in heavy weather, and never
saw a continuous break. It is matter of doubt whe-
ther the passage of the Needles is not on the whole
more difficult and intricate than this entrance."

With respect to the railway accommodation,
the line from Mallow to Killarney is now in course
of construction, and will speedily be completed ;
and an Act has been obtained, and a company formed
for the purpose of extending it to Valentia.
Should it be considered advisable in any case
for vessels to touch a westerly port, is order
that important intelligence might be transmitted,
Valentia would possess an incalculable superiority,
as very little delay would be occasioned in pro-
ceeding to the ultimate port of destination. On this
point the contest would certainly lie between
Valentia, Berehaven, and Cork.

We have no doubt that the matter will be fully
discussed in Parliament, and it is of too much impor-
tance to the best interests of the nation to let local
influence or jobbery prevail. Our only object is that
the best and most suitable point should be selected—
that the coveted prize should be bestowed on the most
eligible claimant.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

The French mail had not arrived at the time of
our going to press.
We learn the following by electric telegraph :
MM. TRIBAUD and JAPE; the Ministerial candi-
dates, have been elected for the third and fourth cir-
cumscriptions of Paris, in place of CAVAIGNAC and
CARNOT, resigned.
CAMAS, the Ministerial candidate, is elected at
Lyons.
With regard to the system adopted in the construc-
tion of the infernal machine seized at Marseilles, we
are informed that it resembles greatly.that made use:of
in 1835, by FIEsCHI, excepting that the number of
cannons is more considerable, and consequently the
effect would have been more terrible.

FIESCHI'S machine had only a single range of can -
non. The present represents a parallelogram, the
top of which has 26 cannon. Beneath and on either
side are two compartments, in which are four rows of
12 cannon each, making 48 cannon for each compart-
ment. In the centre of the bottom there are two
tromblons. All the cannon are about from 30 to 35
centimetres long. They are made in pasteboard,
lined with metal. The compartments are strongly
held together with screws. A sulphured match is so
placed as to be able to let off all the cannons at the
same time. Thus the explosion would be terrible and
instantaneous. _ .

The theatrical censors have of late become un-
usually strict in Paris. A piece was to be actel for
the first time at the Porte St. Martin Theatre yes-
terday, which has been so often altered by the censors
that very little of the original work of the author re-
mains. The drama is called Richard 111., and the
author is M. VICTOR SEGoUR• The principal objec-
tion made to the piece was that the character of the
hero was drawn in too strong colours, and more espe-
cially that he was represented as too ambitious. The
words tyran and usurpateur, which occurred in some
of the scenes, were ordered to be struck out, and at
the end of the piece the cry of "Vive la Rose blanche"
was suppressed, as an expression which might be mis-
understood.

The vintage bas commenced in the south and in
some of the vineyards on the Loire and in Cham-
pagne. The produce in Languedoc is regarded as
of such bad quality that there is a presFing de-
mand for old wine, which has risen considerably.
Old wines have risen full fifty per cent. in price
within a month. At Angouleme, in the Charente,
red wine is worth 40f. the two hectolitres. At
Beaugency it is said that both the quantity and
the quality of the wine is but middling. Letters
from Bordeaux announce a general rise in the
price of wine, with every appearance of a further
advance, as it is feared that the vintage will be infe-
rior both as to quantity and quality. The consign-
ments of wine arriving at Bercy, which have been
scarce for some time, were more numerous last week
from Marseilles, Bordeaux, and Bayonne ; but the
arrivals from Burgundy are rare. It is said that the
wine-growers in that province have but a small stock
remaining in their cellars, and that their demands are
so exorbitant that they can find no buyers. There
has been no change in the price of brandies. The
speculators purchased so largely at the first announce-
ment of a bad vintage, that there is a considerable
quantity on hand.

The following article on the Belgian question ap-
pears in a Ministerial journal of Rouen :
" Even when the relations between France and Bel-
gium had a decided character of intimacy and confi-
dence, the French Government never consented to allow
its hands to be tied, by including coals in a commercial
transaction. It was then perfectly natural that the
Government of the Prince President of the Republic
should reserve to itself the same liberty; and it had
also good cause to feel astonishment that in demand-
ing a right which had beers constantly refused it, Bel-
gium, lar from wishing to purchase it by certain con-
cessions, announced the intention of restricting, in
an important point, that of woollens, the clauses of the
preceeding convention. On the whole, a charge the
more for France, and an advantage the less—such were
the conditions laid down by the Belgian Government for
tho prolongation, even temporary, of the system in vigour
since 1845. Whatever was our desire to obtain that pro-
longation, we could not pay such a price for it, and the
negotiations ended simply in the conclusion of a sepa-
rate arrangement for the suppression of piracy, which
was made on the 22d of August last, in exchange
for some reductions of duties on certain Belgian pro-
ductions. The situation was then as clear on one side
as on the other. Belgium freely renounced the nego-
tiation of a new treaty, and we became free to consult,
in the regulation of our tariffs, only the interest of
our industry. Now, since the cessation of the treaty
those interests have been compromised, not only by the
application of the common law, less favourable than the
treaty, but en account of the privileges which certain
manufactures enjoy in Belgium. The lowness of our
tariff on coals, which we should not,have modified with-
out grave reasons, constituted for our neighbours a po-
sitive advantage, which we only allowed them to enjoy
because the treaty of 1845 afforded compensations which
we no longer possess. In this state of things the
French Government could not close its ear against
the demands of national commerce, and refrain from
providing means for re-establishing an equilibrium.
These means consisted in the increase of the duty on
the coals and cast iron of Belgium. Before having re-
course to this extremity, it had recourse to a last attempt
at conciliation, and, without disguising from the Belgian
Government the necessity under which a refusal would
place it, proposed to it to carry into effect, purely and
simply, the treaty of 1845 up to the Ist of January next,
and the immediate resumption of negotiations for a defi-
nitive arrangement. These overtures were rejected, how-
'.r, and we found ourselves forced to carry out our reso-
lution,. This is a result which we sincerely regret; but it
appears from the statement of the facts that we made
severy effort to prevent it, and it would be a mistake to sup •
bn theie northernc rea s e of
frontier dut y
sudden
ned cart-iron
y t
hmeasure,
importedpo pose
t h that
ica on our part the desire to constrain the Bel
giniadnGtionvgernment to submit to unacceptable conditions.
In that measure there is neither surprise nor menace;
there is only the exercise of a right which it cannot have
been seriously believed: that
esete,rewhneutts
entitled to use, and the consequences of which were,
certainly calculated by th
Government w
ierime n
it rejected demends which only tended to the provisional
maintenance of a system inaugurated under a Govern-
ment
which Was certainly not suspected of malevolence
tovearOe Belgium.
PARIS BOURSE, SEPT. 28.—Closing prices :—Four-
and-a-Half per Cents., 104 f. 35c.; Three per Cents., 781.
10c.; Bank of France, 2,835 f.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYIi AT TEE
LONDON STOCK EXCEANon UE Smar 28
dB • *
Charleroi and Erquelines,
Mandanc'n' 314--
Dutch Rhenish, 61/2—Luxembourg, _
Paris and Lyons, 22%—Paris and Rouen,] aris, and
Strasbourg, 29%—Sambre and Meuse, OA—West Flan_
ders 4%.

Sir Charles Lye.ll, the geologist, has arrived at St.
John's, from England, for the purpose ofvisiting the mining
districts of that province, and to ascertain the nature of the
s"acid geoiogicati orniations in the eastern part o New
Brick.
uniw

MARKET NEWS.-(THIS DAY.)
CORN EXCHA--1.--NGE-WEDNESDAY
The show of Enlish Wheat here to-day, coastwise,
and by land-carriage, was very small. For must kinds
we had a steady, though by no means active, inquiry,
and late rates were well supported. For forward de-
livery scarcely any transactions took place. Rather
over 7,000 quarters of Foreign Wheat have arrived since
Saturday. Really fine samples sold to a fair extent at
full quotations; but other kinds Fact a dull inquiry. The
arrivals of floating cargoes have increased. Most kinds
of Barley wero in very moderate supply and fair inquiry,
at late rates. No change in Malt. We had an improved
sale for both English and Foreign Oats. Fine heavy
parcels were the turn higher. Beans, Peas, and Flour
were quite as dear as on Monday.
MIRIVALS THIS REEK.

Wheat.

Barley.

English ......
Irish ........

Malt.

Qrs.
1 Qrs.
910 ,80
310 __

Oats. 1 Flour

Qrs. Sack's.
80 1,520
5,970
10,910
1 1,22011c8
2,260 Ns

Foreign ...... 7,230

110R,OUGX! MOP 111.8..EMET.

The supply of new Hops being very extensive, the de-
mand is in a sluggish state, at Mondays prices. Duty
245,000/. to 250,000/,
viz ZTE crtarzz:
Our market is heavy, and the quotations have a down-
ward tendency:—Brief, from `ls to 33 2i; Mutton, 2s 4d
to 4s; Veal, 2s 101 to 3s 10d; Pork, 23 10d to 3s 10d
per Bibs by the carcase.

ROYAL A RTILLERY.—WOOLWICIT, S E PT. 28.
Captain Taylor's troop of Royal Horse Artillery have been
placed under orders to hold themselves m readiness to march
on the 4th of October for co'auterbury, where the troop is to
be Ettetiened.