The Sun.
London, England, 1852-08-12 00:00:00

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N°.18,687.] LONDON, TH URSDAY

CONTEACTS for SALT BEEF and SALT
PORK.
Department of the Comptroller for Victualling, and Transport
Services, Somerset-place, August 11, 1352.
The Commissioners for executing the 0111 Ce of Lord High Admiral
of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, do hereby give
notice. that on THURSDAY, the 7th October next, at One o'clock,
they will be ready to treat with such persons as may be willing to
CONTRACT for supplying and delivering into her Alajeqy's Victual-
ling Stores at the undermentioned Ports, the following quantities of
SALT MEAT,
of the cure of any country, and all of the cure of the ensuing sea-
son, viz.:

Navy Beef.

Navy Pork,

(Tierces. !Barrels. 'Tierces. I Barrels,

Deptford - - - -
Portsmouth - -
Plymouth - - - -
Cork - - -

No. No. No. No.
2000 3450 1001 700
400 1000 200 400
400 500 100 501
150 100 100 100

Their Lordships reserving to themselves the power; when the
tenders are opened, of contracting either for the whole, or for such
part thereof only, as they may deem fit, or for a greater quan-
tity, or of not contracting for any ; and also an unlimited power
of selection, according to quality.
♦ separate Tender must be given for Beef and a separate Tender
for Pork, and every Tender must specify where the meat is intended
to be cared.

Persons tendering for more than one Port must give a separate
Tender for each Port, and every Tender must contain a separate
price for tierces and a separate price for barrels.
The Beef and Pork to be delivered into the respective stores as
fellows, viz. :—One-third of each by the 3lst day of January, another
third by the 15th day of March, and the remainder by the 30th day
of April, 1853, or any greater portion or the whole at any earlier
period if preferred by the party tendering, and to be paid for by
bills payable at sight.
The conditions of the revised contracts, to which particular atten-
tion is called, may be seen at this office, or by applying to the Agent
for the Victualling at Cork, or to the Collectors of her Majesty's Cus-
toms at Bristol, Limerick, Belfast, Waterford, and Newry, or to
the Secretary of the I'osemaster-General at I)ublin, or to 'the Com-
mander conducting the Packet Service at Liverpool; Or to the Re-
sident Agent for Transports at Leith.
No Tender will be admitted for a less quantity than
300 Tierces,
br for Deptford.
450 Barrels
1,0 Tierces, }
or for Portsmouth.
150 Barrels
100 Tierces,
or for Plymouth.
150 Barrels
50 Tierces,
or for Cork.
100 Barrels _ _

No tender will be received after One o'clock on the day of treaty,
and the party tendering, or an amnt for him duly authorised in
writing, must atteßd at thiL office on Friday, the Bth October next,
at Two o'clock, to learn the result of his Tender.
Every tender must be addressed to the Secretary of the Ad-
miralty, and bear In the left-hand corner of the envelope the words
Tender for Salt Meat," and " Comptroller for Victualling," and
must also be delivered at Somerset-place, and be accompanied by a
tqtter signed by two responsible persons, engaging to become bound
'e'lth the person tendering, in a sum equal to 201. per cent, on the
amount of the contract, for the due performance of the same.

H E Commissioners of the Metropolis Turnpike-
roads north of the Thames, will hold a Special Meeting at
their Office, No. '22. Whitehall-place, in the parish Saint Martin-in-
the-Fields, in the City of Westminster, on F ainAT, the 24th day of
.
September next, at the hour of One o'clock the Afternoon, for the
purpose of consulting whether any and which of the several Toll-
gates and Sile-bars now placed on and by the side of the First Dis-
trict of the said Metropolis Turnpike-roads north of the Thames shall
be removed and placed elsewhere, or discontinued ; and whether any
other Tollgates and Side-bars shall be erected on or by the sides
of the roads in the said District, and in what situations the same
shall be placed.

By order of the Commissioners,
J. L. BANTER, Chief Clerk and Secretary.
Metropolis Roads Office, Whitehall-place,
July 16, 1852.

FAIR HEAD HARBOUR COMPANY.
Shares of 1/. each, paid on Allotment.
NO APPLICATIONS for SHARES can be RECEIVED after
MONDAY, the 16th instant.

28, Cornhill.

By order of the Board.

ROYAL HOTEL, LOWESTOFT.
The Proprietor of this Hotel has much pleasure in informing
his Friends and the Public titai, during the winter he Ins provided
extensive suites of bedrooms, in addition to the wing constructed last
summer; this wil prevent a recurrence of those disappointments
which so frequently took place from his Ina dlity to accommodate
his friends in the past year. It is his intention to persevere in that
course which has already given such general satisfaction, via., to
combine the best Wines, Viands, Attendance, and Cleanliness, with
Moderate Charges.

The Ealubritiof Lowestoft, the excellent bathing, and beauty of
its neighbourhood, for riding and walking, arc too well known to
require comment. S. lIOWETT has only, therefore, in conclusion,
to call attent on to the easiness of access and lowness of fares from
the places, a list of which is subjoined, and to express his hope that
he will continue to experience that liberal support with which ho
has already been favoured.
Every Wednesday and Saturday, until farther notice, Passengers
may be booked as under :

After- Fares to Lowestoft and back.
From noon
at Ist Class. Id Class. 3d Class,
H. M. s. d. s. d. s. d.
London
Cambridge
St. Ives. 2 5
Chatteris ....... ..... 233 14 0 10 0 70*
Peterborough
W.sbeach 3 15
March 3 40 12 0 9 0 6 0
Ely

* Arriving at Lowestoft at 7 45

Tickets will be available for the return journey by the trains leav-
ing Lowestoft at 3 P.M. on week days, or any train on Sundays,
within seven days of the date of Issue.

In addition to the ordinary established trains, fast Express Trains
will, on and after the Ist of August, leave Lowestoft at before 7
A.M., arriving in London at 11 o'clock ; past 4 p.n., arriving in
London at 10. And from Bishopsgate Station at 5 r.m., arriving at
Lowestoft at 25 min. past 9.
Family Tickets are issued at the London Station by all trains to
Lowestoft at about the charge of a single fare, available for the re-
turn journey any time within 28 days of issue.

STEAM to ST. HELENA.
The General Screw Stearn Shipping Company's Steamer
PROPONTIS, Captain T. W. GLOVER, will sail from London OR the
24th, and Plymouth on the 27th instant, for the Cape of Good Hope,
calling at St. Vincents and St. Helena. This vessel has excellent
accommodation for passengers, and space for a limited quantity of
goods.
Application as to passage money to be made at the Company's
Offices, 2, Royal Exchange-buildings; and for freight, to Messrs.
Balfour, Laming, and Owen, 167, Fenchurch-dreet, City.

MERCHANT'S and TRADESMAN'S
MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
5, Chatham-place, Blackfrlars, London,
And all the principal towns in the kingdom.
TaIISTEES.
Thomas How, Esq.

Jeffery Smith, Esq.
David Fergusson, Esq.
Advantages offered by this Society
Policies Indisputable, except in cases of fraud.
All the Medical Fees paid by the Society.
Assurances of every description effected.
Non,forfelture of Policies.
Assurers tenable, or who find it inconvenient to pay their Pre-
miums as they fall due, may have a credit on application to the
Board.

Loans granted on Personal and other Securities in connexion with
Life Assurance.
The Directors being desirous of extending the Agencies in and
round the Metropolis and throughout the Provinces, are ready to re-
ceive applications from influential and active persons, accompanied
with a reference.

GEORGE THOMSON, Manager.
THOS. MUSGRAVE. Secretary.

O THE PHILOSOPIIY OF MARRIAGE, AND THE SECRET

INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH AND MATURITY.
WITH FIFTY COLOURED ENGRAVINGS ON STEEL.
In French, English, German, Dutch, Spanish, and Italian, in a
Sealed Envelope, 2s. 6d., or post-free, far Forty-two Stamps,
SELF-PRESERV ATION; an
Analytical Investigation of the Physiology and Functions of
Marriage, in all the bearings in which that important subject affects
the health and happine.s of Man, with its Disqualifications and Impe-
diments, tracing their origin to the effects of juvenile solitary habits,
youthful excess, tropical climates, or close study ; followed by prac-
tical remarks, founded on twenty years' eaperi..nce in the treatment
of Impuissance, Nervous Debility, Local Weakness, spermatorrhcea,
h ander Disease.
Syphilis, and all diseases of the Urinary and Generative System. Il-
lustrated by 10 coloured Engravings, onteiAnniaitoeamify the
By SAMUEL LA'MERT. M.D.,
Repro-
ductive Organs and their relative conditions ~
ee d
ir s letayl of Edin
Society,
burgh, Honorary Member
London, &c., &c.
Hall,
Licentiate of Apothecaries' MLeomn dboenr of
otsbpel tYlniMv
Doctor Medicine,EDFOßD-SQUARE, LONDON,
Matricuolafttehde
resulting from irregularities and excesses, which
Youth,
consequences
in degradation in Man-
hood,have produced more misery
stages of life, than, perhaps, any
other class of disease known to modern
The essential object of this treatise is to point out the fearful
•ts The treatment
pathologists.
experience gained in the most celebrated
and premature decay at all
adopted is founded on
'Alert' d schools of medicine both in this country
The results of the knowledge thus
the personal supervision )f• Dr. La -
himself one of the few
legally qualified physicians who have devoted their whole and un-
divided studies to this important branch of medical science. In short,
acquireadb arc here condensed under
in continental Europe.
every peculiarity relating to the treatment of the diseases incidental
to the generative system, and the means of immediate relief and
ultimate cure are described in detail. The professional reputation
of Dr. La'Mert, who has taken the most distinguished medical
and academic honours at home and abroad, is in itself a sufficient
guarantee that those who may place themselves under his care
will, in every instance, meet with that delicate consideration and
inviolable secrecy which are so requisite in the treatment of these
cases.
Published by the Author, and may be had of J. Gilbert, 49, pater-
noster-row ; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street ; Starie, Titchbome-street,
Haymarket ; Mann,
Stamp, from the
till,author who may be consulted personally, or by
23, Cornhill ; or free by post for forty-two
letter,s daily, from Ten Two. and from Six till Eight.

R. CULVERWELL'S NEW WORKS.
To be
47, Fleet-street; haMd of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvaiho,
rice one shilling each ; ann. 32, Cernhill ; or direct from the author ;
pby post, I s. 6d.
ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.
" Health, Recreation, and Rational Use of Time."
CoNTErirs :—Early Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings —Ex-
c irsiors about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Ims,
Forests, Fields, High-roads, and other pleasant places—Country
Trips and Rambles—The Sea—London at Night—Evenings at Home
sle—The Draina—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing,
-4111 Rest, Ease, Occupation, &c.,181,0,

FRAGMENTS FROM THE MOUNTAINS.
—0 Vola.
Vol. I.

A VISIT TO THE LAKES ; SKETCH OF BD's",
&c,
Vol. 11.
T LASES OF KILL A.RNEY ; REMINISCENCES
or
DUBLIN, &c.
111.
WHAT TO EAT, D RINE, AND AVOID,
" That three score years and ten our course may run."
A popular review of almost every form (cause and care) of ner-
vously-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that harasses
the young, besets the man of pleasure, business, or study, and eni..
bitters old age ; with tables and rules for the diet and physical regu.
ation.ef every-day life

IV.
THE PASSIONS.
"What passions hurt the body—what improve.
Truths as relined as Athens ever heard."
Bxu"EOT :—Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The ad
vet
les-o r, o lithe passions. Chastity and its infringements. The casual.
eentiousness and Wasi ation with illustrations graphic, nar•
ativo, and re
naediative. AdvPocacy'of early marriages.

TIIE MARRIAGE STATE. _
To be or not to be, that is the quation."
choice, on both sides, as to age, temperament,
glon regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Tline and
PaoGuAntiktu .—Laws and obligations of nature, society, a. n, r_oll,-
figure, to secure healthy offspring„ with the art of rearing t paysical. defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.
f10t,,,&c.
By R. J. CITIXERW.F.LT.,, Tti.D. (1541), Lif.,-;.C.,1. C.,',-,".47., I—S•A'
complexton,h.ma.
1824). t•wenty-flve years Medical and Fort;nsio Referee iii these
matters. Reception hours dau
Y till Five.rli= Evenings, ENT On till
Mai ,10a Arg7U-placch ItegolitNtroot, "4"

NEW NOVEL BY TIIE AUTHOR OF TUE OLD ENGLISII

GE NTLE MEN.
Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols..
THE BELLE OF THE VILLAGE.
By the Author of
"The Old English Gentleman," &c.
Also, just published, in 3 vols.,
THE LOST INHERITANCE. A NOVEL.

"A charming tale. V It is extremely interesting ai a highly ro-
mantic history of the affections, and an exceedingly brilliant series
of fashionable scenes."—Globe.
Colburn and Co., Publishers, 13, Great Marlborough-'street.

ATHEN2EU4I INSTITUTE for AUTHORS
and MEN of SCIENCE,
30, Sackville-street, London.
Registered pursuant to the 13th and 14th Viet., cap. 115.
' VICE-PRESIDENTS.
The Most Hon. the Marquis of Bristol, &c.
The Right Hon. the Lord Justice Knight Bruce, &e.
The Right Hon. Benjamin Disraeli; ➢I.P., &c.
Lieut.-General Lord Frederick Fitzelarence, G.C.H., &c.
The Right Hon. Viscount Goderich.
Sir George Thomas Staunton, Bart., D.C.L., F.R S., M.P., &c.
HONORARY DIRECTORS.
The Hon. J. Master Owen Byng. Henry Pownall, Esq.
William Conyngliam, Esq. I Wm. Scholefield, Esq., M.P.
William Ewart, Esq., M.P. Hon. C. Pelham Villiers, M.P.
Charles Kerable, Esq. James Wyld, Esq,
Apsley Pellatt, Esq., M.P.
TRUSTEES.
Thos. J. Arnold, Esq. I F. G. P.. Nelson, Esq., F.L.S.
Herbert Ingram, Esq.

AUDITORS.
Ales. Richmond, Esq, I W. Smalley, Esq.
TREASURER—Sir John T)ean Paul, Bart.
MANAGING DIRECTOR—F. G. Tornlins, Esq.
SECRETARY—Wm. DRUM, Esq.
Summit—G. E. Dennes, Esq., F.L.S.
BANKERS—Messrs. Strahan, Paul, and Bates, 217, Strand.
The objects of this Association are, the forming, with the co-ope-
ration of the Legislature and those who honour letters, a Provident
Fund, as well as to the ulterior organization of the followers of Lite-
rature int , a profession.

Full prospectuses to be had at the office, 30, Sackville-street, Lon-
don ; and of the agent, Mr. C. Mitchell, Newspaper Directory o:fice,
Red Lion-court, Fleet-street.

PATRON—H. R. H. PRINCE ALBERT.
ROYAL, eOLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
LECTURES.
By J. H. Pepper, Esq., on Testing Gold, and on the Australian Gold
Districts ; and also on the Alleged Adulteration of the Burton Bitter
Ale with Strychnine. •
By Dr. Bachhoffner on the Patent Polytechnic Gas Fire; and on
the Mode of Preserving Fresh Provisions, illustrated by Specimens
from Messrs. Ritchie and M`Call, and Samples of Fadeuihe's and
Moore's Solidified Preserved
By Mr. Crispe, on Morrail's Patent Needles.

By George Buckland, Esq., on Music, illustrated by Patriotic and
Old English Songs, assisted by Miss Blanche Younge, R.A. of
Music.

New Series of Dissolving Views. —Exhibition of the Microscope, &c.
Admission, le. ; •Achools and Children under Ten years of age,
lalf-price. For Hours. see Programme.

Superb Specimens of Patent Silvered Glass.

IMPORTANT MEDICAL AND SURGICAL WORKS,
Just publbthed, by 11. Bailliere, 219, Regent-street, London.
No I.
Bvo., in cloth, price 55., by post free, ss. 6d.,
ON TRUE & FALSE SPERMATORRHCEA ;
with the View to the Correction of wide-spread Errors
n rela.tion to the Treatment and Cure of Sufferers from Debility of the
Generative System, or Sexual Hypochondriasis.
Translated from lie German of Dr. PICKFORD.
"Dr. Pickfori is known to English readers by his frequent practi-
cal contributions to German medical literature. This is the first
time, he informs us, that he has addressed himself to the non-medi-
cal reader. We trust this may not be the last, if he shall
detect any other equally flagrant evil which it may be in his
power to correct."—London Medical Gazette, May 30, 1851.
—" The editor has conferred a great boon on the sufferers from this
distressing malady by translating this little book, and by laying bare
the scandalous practices of unqualified adventurers, who profess to
cure a disease of which they know nothing, with no other object
than to fill their own purses. The difference between true Sperma-
torrhcea and the various forms of disease which resemble it are
accurately described, and thus a safe guide is offered for the
treatment of the malady "—Medical Circular, May 5, 1852.
—" We have delayed so long upon the contents of the preliminary
chapter, that we have scarcely left ourselves space for any notice of
the subject specially treated of by Dr. Pickford ; but the moderate
price at which the brochure' is sold, places it Within the reach of
every one interested in the matter. —Dublin Medical Press, April
28,1852.
No. IT.

Bvo., in cloth, price 3s. 6d., by post free, 4s.
THE CURE OF STRICTURE OF THE URETHRA, on Princi-
plesits Inefficiency and Danger.
at once Simple, Safe, and Efficient, in even its most Inveterate
and apparently Intractable Forms. To which is added, PRACTICAL
OBSERVATIONS ON THE TREATMENT OF SPERMATORR-
-1;:ollege of Surgeons of England.
TyFmaii.ost loudly are those only who know not
B.; Its
"—John Bell's Surgical
llCE:rhe
"Those who
Member
oUr
coTofEmtßhpeßllaZßyinAo
(Mr. Courtenay) has
how to use the common instruments . The practice of sur-
geons has been mar'i..ed with. all kinds of violence, an indifference
about the simple cure of diseases, and a passion for operations and
gaoil
Observations.—"
sect;
vh
the
ha excessesteion historys
—i, andlonf ap
groreo
afhonorsomfal?,
his views
surgery. I
sreg, e r yh.
e
successfully treated, as bad
as any which Mr. Syme adduced, and on which he had operated.
Such are cases ix., xi., xii., and xviii. No. ix. had resisted, for a
period of twelve yeti's, the treatment by dilitadon, and was finally
removed in as many weeks. But cases xviii. and xix. appear, both
in duration, severity, and complication of symptoms, of a more ag-
gravated character than any detailed by Mr. Syme, and yet the
treatment adopted by Mr. Courtenay proved eminently successful."
—Professor Lizars on the Treatment of Stricture.

THE SINKING OF THE DUCHESS OF
KENT STEAMER.

GRAVESEND, WEDNESDAY.—This afternoon, at One
o'clock, the jury empannelled to investigate the death of
Mr. John Sard, who lost his life by the collision between
the Duchess of Kent, Ramsgate, and the Ravonabourne,
Antwerp, steamers, which took place in the river, off
Northfleet, on the Ist July last, and by which the former
was sunk, re-assembled for the third time, at the Town-
hall, before Mr. Hilder, the borough coroner, further
to prosecute their inquiry.
An additional batch of witnesses, who were present
when the accident occurred, wore examined, but their
evidence contained nothing worthy of being added to the
statements of the casualty which have already appeared.
On the conclusion of evidence,
Mr. Hind, on the part of the friends of the deceased,
wished, before the coroner addressed the jury, to offer
an observation or two as to the property which it was
stated was found on the body of Mr. Sard. He felt it his
duty to correct that statement. It appeared that
a day or two after the sinking of the Duchess
of Sent, property which had been recovered was
conveyed to the offices of the Commercial Steam
Packet Company, in Fish-street-hill, and the pack-
ages were opened to be dried. Now, what struck
him as most extraordinary on the part of the company,
and which showed at least a great deal of supineness, was
the fact that, amongst Mr. Sard's luggage was a small
Portfolio containing an order for 501., which he (Mr.
Hind) had forwarded to him, and two circular 101. notes,
but the most singular part of the business was that the
company kept the property for 19 days without making
d9i, Salisbury-
street,to this
tion
the slightest effort to find oat Mr. Sard, although in the
cover of the portfolio, which he then produced, there
was legibly written the following, " The address of the
towner,here
wsoaftsr
sotnnh
di a
hLepoooncrdl tdoee
nrt -,
fbooEro
nksgo-T -Enhdoi
.h: (Mr.
nln Sard,
acl
showed Hind's) address,
in Charterhouee-square. This, ho begged to say,
eloo they,
great supineness on the part of the company in
not taking any steps for 19 days to find out the friends
of Mr. Sard. .
Mr. Parkinson, in defence of the Commercial Steam-
packet Company, said they had not the slightest idea
that any one was drowned, but, on the contrary, they
ss e me; s 3 wereust
ifi
d saved;
in king
fithremrelytobreel,iwevoeudldthnaottaflelettte passengers
into any passenger's private pocket-book.
A juror remarked that the company perfectly well
knew what had happened, and the very fact of a person
not applying for the space of nineteen days for his lug-
gage ought, and no doubt did, create a suspicion in the
minds of the authorities of the company that the owner
was lost.
Mr. Parkinson said the reason they did not make in-
qniries was that they were hoping every day to get up
all the luggage. when they intended to advertise it alto-
gether.

The CORONER expressed his conviction that the mat.,
ter was one of immense importance to the public, and
then proceeded to read over the evidence, commenting
as he proceeded on its conflicting character. The three
questions the jury had to decide were whether, in the
lust place, they considered the collision was from an
accident consequent on the state of the tide, or whether
there was any culpable negligence or blame attaching to
those who had the charge of the Duchess of Kent, or of
those who had the command of the Ravensbourne at the
time. If they were of opinion that any one was to blame
they were bound to let this matter go before another
tribunal.
The jury, at a quarter-past five o'clock, retired to con.
cider their verdict, and after an absence of nearly two
hours, they returned into court.
advertisingthethe neglect of
The Foreman then read the verdict of the jury as fol-
lows:—" That the deceased John Sard came by hie
death through an accidental collision between the
Duchess of Kent and the Ravensbourne steamers, off
N separate
o r thf I
e et ,
without on th
expressingelstJu theirly, 185
feelings2."The jury Cannot
in terms of
sthtreon g
owners condemnation,
ofth e in
DuchessconsequenceKent
not
tf
property of the said John Sard, in their custody, they
having had the means of ascertaining the same from
found in his luggage, which was saved from
papers the
wreck.
The professional gentle
ackowledgment
men attending for the Various
parties having tendered their a to the
in which he had conducted the coroner for the way
urbanity,
in-
vestigation, and for his courtesy and .
the pro.
d important inquiry ceedings of this protracted anter-
minated,

---
Lord Ernest Bruce had an interview with Mr. Se-
cretary Walpole yesterday.
THE LAST OF THE ELECTION9.—The official de-
claration of the poll for Orkney and Zetland took place at
Kirkwall yesterday week. As the election had created con-
siderable interest in the town there was an immense number
of people congregated in front of the hustings. At one o'clock
Sheriff Ayton made his appearance, accompanied by the
Deputy-Sheriff, Mr. Robertson, and was received with loud
applause. He said—Electors of Orkney and Zetland, it is
my duty to declare the result of the polling on Friday and
Saturday last, and I will now read to you the respective
numbers polled by each candidate in the different polling
districts. In Kirkwall, for Mr. Dundas, 71, and for Mr.
Inglis, glis' 85. - (Cheers and hisses.) At Stromness for Mr.
undas 96, and for Mr. Inglis 55—(Tremendous cheering)
—at Lerwick, for Mr. Dundas 44, and for Mr. Inglis 34;
(Great applause)—at Burranoe, for Mr. Inglis 20, and for
Mr. Dundas 16—
(Cheers and hisses)—the gross poll in all
oDnuyudoafs
the four places amounting to 227 for Mr. Dundas, and 194
for Mr. Inglis, giving a majority to Mr. Dundas of 33;
(Vociferous applause) —and I hereby declare Mr. Frederick
Dallas to be duly elected and returned as a fit and proper
person to represent the united shires of Orkney and Zetland
in the ensuing Pnrliament. The' a;:i,,nl!)lv wai; th2a ad-
cahuadirtinhegLtoorodk Apnlavcoec,attei:eaftproeroweitoiichn
parading tiappgb. tits priucipc Exceto of the WO.
dthree6suesluablycelerm .

' he PIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS'
TIMES.—The extrtets from the American jour-
nals which we yesterday published, and which were
but samples of an extremely copious assortment, will
serve to convince' every 'reader of the success with
which Lord Derby's Cabinet, if really without serious
intentions, has contrived to mystify the Government
and people of the United States. The organs of
the Ministry at home have authoritatively declared
that, with respect to the north-eastern fisheries, no
new claim has been advanced and no concession with-
drawn, and that even "the disputed interpretation of
the technical terms of the treaty of 1818 remains
where it was." If this be indeed the case, we can
only observe that the protectors of the colonial fishsh
ries are as difficult to understand as the protectors of
the British farmer, and tleit the authorities and people
of the Union have beeteleh into very unfortunate mis-
conceptions. Substantially speaking, there had been
"disputed point" in the convention of 1818,
n
as we have already explained, relates to the
abudt one
that,
interpretation properly spi il,cable to the term"bay"—
the Americana professing to understand by this phrase
the narrow creeks and inlebs Of the coastexclusively, and
the British Government maintaining that large bays,
such as that of Fundy, to `.he south, and that of Cha-
leur, to the north of New Brunswick, are compre-
hended no less effectually
than the smaller coast in-
dentations. This is the point which, as the reader is
-now aware, has been "disputed" for more than thirty
years. The British Government never made any sur-
render of its views, though it conceded a certain re-
laxation in respect of the
Bay of Fundy ; but the
Americans, although, of coarse incompetent to give
imperative effect to their own interpretation have
practically acted upon it to a considerable extent.
By the announcement —thet this question ".remains.,
where it was' we can only understand an assertion
that no step has been taken to place the subjects of
either Government on a footing different from that
prevailing twelve months ago. Of course the dispute
of necessity, " remains where it was ;" that is to -say,
the terms of the written convention are
unchanged and the respective merits of the
two interpretations unaffected. To say this
is to sly nothing at all, and if the Ministerial
intimation contains any meaning whatever,
it must be that no measures have been taken by the
British Government to make the " disputed inter-
pretation " more important than it has been for the
last seven years. Now on the 6th of last month Mr.
Webster being Secretary of State to the Govern-
ment of the Union, issued en official document from
the Department of State at Washington, for the pur-
pose of communicating to the American public the
new position in which the question of the fisheries
was placed. In this document he stated that an "en-
tire change of policy " had occurred in England
with reference not only to the system of bounties,but
to the admission of American fishermen to grounds
from which, according to strict treaty engagements,
they ought to be excluded. What fishing-grounds
Mr. Webster here understood is conclusively shown
in the sequel of his notification. After quoting at
length the operative clauses of the convention of
1818, and explaining the "disputed interpretations" ,
of the word " bay," he proceeds to ob-
serve that, in 1841, the Legislature of '
Nova Scotia submitted the case for opinion
to the law officers of the Imperial Go-
vernment, and that their decision was against the
right of the Americans to enter these large bays for
the purposes of fishing, notwithstanding their central
waters might be more than three miles distant from
either shore. "It is this construction," continues
Mr. Webster, " which the colonies have ever since
desired should be enforced ; and this," he adds, " the
English Government has now, it would appear, con-
sented to do." Without presuming to be acquainted
with the true intentions of Ministers at home, we
must remark that nothing can be clearer than the
light in which such intentions are regarded abroad.
Mr. Webster, in his proper Ministerial capacity,
writing in the name of the Government, from a
Government office, and basing his notification on
" information of an official character received at that ,
department," communicates to the American public
his anticipations that the " disputed interpretation"
of the treaty provisions, instead of " remaining where
it was," will at length be brought to issue by the
forcible adoption of that construction maintained by
the British Government; that the "extensive business
of the New England fishermen will be completely
interrupted" in consequence, and that all con-
cerned, therefore, should "stand on their guard."
Such is the impression produced on the American
government by its official information, nor can we
see, indeed, how even on the face of Sir John Pak-
ington's dispatch any different conclusion could have
been formed. The circular letter of the Colonial
Secretary to the Governors of our North American
jest y 's Ministers are
dependencies, bearing date only the 26th of May
last, plainly states that "her Ma
desirous of removing all grounds of complaint on the
part of the colonies in consequence of encroach-
ments of the fishing vessels of the United States
upon those waters, from which they are excluded by
the terms of the convention of 1818, and they there-
fore intend to dispatch, as soon as possible, a small
naval force of steamers, or other small vessels, to
enforce the observance of such convention. Now,
if these resolutions were intended to apPl9l as "
are now assured, to such provisions only of
the convention as " the United States do not and
never did dispute," we are constrained to remani,
that they were somewhat loosely expressed, and
that our colonies have been flattered, and the
American people irritated with extremely littleTh
sincerity of purpose or distinctness of plan. e
out by the,convention, do, undoubtedly, h waters', alluded to without any limitation in thet
dispatch of those from which the Americans are shut
fishing-grounds of the larger bays, according to the
rigorous interpretation of the treaty, and notoriously.
so according to the views of those colonists, in satis-
faction of all of whose "complaints" the convention is
now to be " enforced." For years past the colonists
have been alleging ae a grievance that the Americans,
contrary to the stipulations of the treaty, were per-
mitted to enter bays on the British coast for the pur-
pose of fishing, and when they are assured in an I
hit shall
offi-
cial dispatch that all their grounds of complaint I
include te
be removed, and a naval force is carged according y
with the execution of the law, this difficult for
tahneyr
conclusion than that arrived at
English or American reader to come to
Government, and accepted by the popula.tiodnueed
the States. At the same time
weerein
to remark, that every day's additional consideration_
1 that
which the subject receives convinces us not
only
the construction of the treaty maintained
by
the more
Bri-
tish Government is right in law, but that oricaenf
persuaded
intelligent of the American statesmen
are
lder it to
of this fact, however opposed they may cns
best in-
the suggestions of local convenience, or the
teres
, ts of both countries. The Americans renounce
heretofore en-
toy the t for "
treaty ever anyliberty,
e fish on or
icYed or claimed, to take, dry or cur
by the Aahmy.e
bays,
within three marine miles aily of the
coasts,
in
creeks, or harbours" of the British possessions
Now,
America, not distinctly excepted in
terms.
according to the British intepretatioe, which considers
a
" a bay' as something different from a coast—asmiles of
line of sea, in fact, from which
the threefrom
British property are to be reckoned as elsewhere
and harbours
natural land—the specification of bays, creeks,
in the treaty was very and necessary ; but,
according to the version which the Americans would
give, these words bebome supeeehsoust for the single
word " coast" would have provided for all the
cases, if nothing was forbidden but
What, inshore fishery
within a certain distance. in short can
be the meaning of the expression, " within three
marine miles of a bay," except that contended for
by the British Government ? A vessel forbidden
to come within a marine league of Bantry Bay could
certainly not cast anchor in the middle of it. We
observe, too, that Mr. Webster, in the only official
document yet published on the subject, though he
will not admit that the British interpretation is con-
formable to the intentions of the contracting parties
impossible to --a point obviously next to
decide—
does, nevertheless, acknowledge that "It would ap-
pear by a strict and rigid construction of this article
that fishing-vessels of the United States are precluded
from entering into the bays or harbours of the British
provinces, except for the purposes of shelter, repairing
damages, and obtaining wocd and water." Now this
Is all for which we contend. With respect to the ad-
vantage to be taken of this construction, we trust
that the Governments of the two countries may not
find it difficult to come to an agreement befitting the
characters of both ; but we submit to the good sense
of the American public that in a case where the law,
however invidiously interpreted, is nevertheless
against them, they should not embitter the dispute
by charging "aggression" on those who are certainly
guilty of nothing worse than abruptness, and whose
precipitation may itself turn out to have been either
misconceived abroad or reconsidered at home.
ITER ALD,—"Aut viam invenianz, aut faciang"
Was Sydney's gallant motto in the battle of life. " We
will either find facts, or make them," seems to be the
maxim of some our contemporaries, in their desperate
struggle, after that glory, pride, and crown of morn-
ing newspaper, " exclusive" information. Indeed
there i
, -a this advantage in th© system, that a state-
meat is never so certain of being
i entirely and
brilliantly ezolwsive lis when it is uufQtinded. The

other day the public were startled by an announce-
ment which possessed, in an eminent degree, the
merit in question. A most important treaty, of which
very little, or rather no suspicion whatever was en-
tertained at large, had, it appears, been in existence
for several months. In fact, it had been formally
signed on the 20th of May, 1852, and this not by
plenipotentiaries, but by three powerful Monarchs,
with their own hands—the Emperor of Austria, the
Emperor of Ruesia, and the King of Prussia. The
matter and purport of this convention concerned the
most vital interests of Europe, came very home to
the question of general peace or general war, affected
the future tranquillity of the world, and altogether
had an importance which it would be difficult to ex-
aggerate. This remarkable convention corresponded
in the dignity and solemnity of its form with the
magnitude of the questions which it undertook pro-
spectively to settle. It opened with an invocation of
" the name of the Most Holy and Undivided Trinity,
like the treaty of the 26th of September,
1815." A careful and minute digest of the engage-
ments to which the three Northern Powers are
affirmed to have bound themselves on the present
occasion, is furnished to the public by our vigilant
contemporary. Now, in spite of the detailed and
categorical manner in which this announcement has
been made, we are obliged to say that it deserves no
more credit than it has in most quarters received.
Wherever the writer borrowed his facts, he seems to
have taken a hint in the effective art of circumstan-
tiality from an admirable scene in the School for
Scandal. Let us, however, examine for a moment the
fers to the assumed intention of Louis Napoleon to
And now, in brief, here is tbe gist of the
provisions of this new and important convention. It
reevive, if his countrymen so will it, the imperial office
determinations which our contemporary avers to have
been thus solemnly adopted by the three Powers :-
1.
Should Prince Louis Napoleon be proclaimed
merely for himself, without a view to
Emperor,
transmission of his power, the three powers will
the interfere; but when they shall have un-
derstoodnot actively
.t
is but a temporary throne which ho
1 F ran e
that ithe
will suffer him to sit there in
has ascended,
sway alleged for this policy is that such
peace. The
will
.
change of title, and not a
'ill be but a
a change w
power in Prince Louis Napoleon. Here we
change of
°
observe that the:reason attributed,beers
would mere y,,tainly
futility on the face of it. Such
fallacy and certainly
dlittle •ht with the three
n could have a weight a
reason
If an increase of the authority of
powers in question,
Napoleon in France must at once in-
duce Prince Louis
hostility on the part of those foreign Go-
open Id have failed to act on
ntq they cou scarce y
verume
e principle when the events of the 2d of
this imperativ
' h
December occurrediThe authority.whic he
then
ac-
quired, great change in his
and the position and
power
(though not in his title), met withresist-
ance.on no
But, sec y'
dl should Prince Louis Napoleon
a Emperor, not merely
empire so as that the
be
shouroclaimeld
" determine " at his death, but with
dynpastic dignity,
and with a revival of the institu-
tion itself of the empire France, then the three
.in
powers will openly disavow that act of the French
people, and will reserve to themselves the right of ul-
teriormeasure in concert. Now, if the reason al-
leged as weighing s
with the three powers in the
first alternative, or " eventuality," be evidently un-
real, the reasons ascribed to them for their proposed
policy in this second contingency are absolutely far-
cical. The events of the last t wo-aad-twenty years,
combined with the first- dof mentione article tis very
us no other word . tie reasons in
a treaty," permit .
is derived from the
Thefirst
question are two.
andfrom the renunciation made
treaties of 1815
throne of France, for himself and
by Napoleon of the.
or ever. Both the treaties
all his representatives forte bar (the f
ormer any,
and the renunciation q
save the Bourbons, the latter in an addi-
tional manner, any
member of the Bonaparte
family in particular) from ever wearing :the
this " "binds
the new treaty
French crown. And yet
Louis Napoleon
recognise
the three powers to
as Emperor in case he be so proclaimed merely for
insists life. Thus, this treaty at once on Napoleon's
renunciation as a bar which forbids any Bonaparte
from wearing the French crown; and the same
treaty provides that a Bonaparte shall, nevertheless,
be allowed to wear it, and thus not only to nullify the
renunciation, but, by a mighty precedent, to make it
far easier for those who come after him to treat it also
as null. _Lithe rule is not binding now, will it be-
come more binding after it has been broken ? The
second of the two reasons is, the sacredness of the
hereditary principle. The point is thus urged :
" The basis of the European order is hereditary right.
By hereditary right the Bourbons are kings of
France. The present head of the house of Bourbon
is the Count de Chambord." Was ever ar-
gument so felicitously timed, so gracefully
remembered ? " Present head." It seems he
is now the head of that house; and we presume
he was not its head while the Orleani3t dynasty
reigned. The three powers, we are to believe, quite
overlooked this fact while they had Louis Philippe's
envoys recognised at their Courts; and it was only
as soon as Louis Philippe had faded like a dissolving
view into the " Mr. Smith" who fled to our shores in
1848, that they suddenly recollected that he was not
the rightful head of the Bourbons. But even then,
when a Republic, ignoring all hereditary right,
whether of emperor or king, whether in elder branch
or in younger, threatened the real tranquillity of
Europe, we heard of no such treaty in favour of the
Count de Chambord. The recognition of Louis
Philippe and the recognition of the French Re-
public were both departures quite as violent from
the rule of forcing the principle of hereditary
right upon other countries, as will be the recog-
nition of Louis Napoleon's life-empire from the
rule of holding the "renunciation" of the late
Emperor to be in every possible event an insuper-
able bar against the instalment of a Bonaparte on
the throne. For our parts, we believe that while he •
reditary right is a happy principle for a people to
adopt, there are also other principles absolutely neces-
sary to the peace of the world and to the tranquil
advancement of civilization—principles which, if our
fathers had adopted, we, their descendants, should
not now have to say, as we can say with truth,
" Oceans of blood and countless treasure have been
expended, fearful evils have been suffered and in-
flicted, and the end of all is not attained; the priceless
cost has been paid, but the purchase has not been
secured." To say that a principle is valuable is one
thing ; it is quite another thing to say that we ought
to force every valuable principle on reluctant neigh-
bours at the point of the sword. For us, there are no
parties in France; there is but France herself. And
he who makes her prosperous, and who soonest and
best secures her tranquillity, deserves well of his
country and of mankind.
CHRONICLE.—Having examined the various
taxes which are imposed on landed property, we must
not forget that, in almost all other countries, the
" untaxed foreigner," employed in the production of
corn and cattle, pays much larger contributions to
the revenue of the State than are exacted of the
English landowner. The French Land-tax alone
far exceeds in amount all the imposts which can in
any way be represented as exclusive burdens on the
soil of England. The proportion of revenue which
is levied from real property is necessarily greater in
countries less advanced than our own in civilisation
and commerce. Where imports are scanty and
manufactures non-existing, the land necessarily bears
the charges of national administration and defence.
Mr. Disraeli will hardly be so ill-advised as to
rest his case on a comparison which
Mr. Cobden and
his friends have so often threatened to institute.
The whole inquiry is, in truth, irrelevant except
for purposes of controversial hostility. It is for
English financiers to adjust taxation to the circum.
stances of their own country, without regard to the
political or economical considerations which may
influence foreign Governments. They may be well
assured that no existing or probable burden on land
will affect in any degree the cost of domestic produc-
tion. Even if it were true that real property is
more heavily taxed iniEngland than:on the Continent,
it would by no means follow that the landowner is
entitled to compensation or relief, nor, on the other
hand, would the far heavier burdens imposed on his
foreign competitor afford an answer to a well-founded
complaint on his part of any substantial grievance.
His advocates are bard pushed for a pretence of
injustice, but when they can bring forward any plau-
sible claim they will, no doubt, be entitled to a bear-
ing. They will, however, act prudently as regards
the interest of their clients, in abstaining from a rem:
duction of two of their habitual common-places
beet-root and the tobacco grievances. hai ppgl;
said that the English farmer is prohibited fro,m__„,fir
ducing that thin and tasteless imitation
flourishes
used which, in many parts of the continent, fl
d c'ruestriotion is
der protective duties. But the
meet of owe duty
altogether imaginary. On paymel!t °orted from the
which is levied on genuine sugar imported to produce
colonies, English industry is at
may be considered
beet-root sugar as dear and bad
asted with the
desirable. The only absencegriev of protection for
beet-root question is the
facture. The prohibition
an inferior article of A
In is enforced, by a law
of home-grown tobaccot:o
centuries old. But it
which is now nearlY 0 revenue of 4,000,000/, is
must be recollected that_ less than
1,200 per cent, on
raised by a tax of 13° and if a countervailing Ex-
. all imported tobacco;

[PRICE SD.

dee duty were imposed on the home-grown plant,
I not a 1 eaf would ever be produced in England. The
I absolut a prohibition is, in fact, cheaper and more
effectu el than would be the imposition of an equiva-
lent dpty ; and the wildest Protectionist will hardly
advocate, the encouragement of native produce by the
maintenance of the existing impost on the foreign ar-
ticle ale ne. The loss of the whole or the greater
part of 'the tobacco duties would be a heavy price to
pay for fostering a branch of cultivation which is ea-
turally unsuited to our soil and climate. The fact
that the present Chancellor of the Exchequer has
adopt ?d the beet-root and tobacco cries forms a strik-
ing i llustration of the feebleness of the cause for
which. he deems such arguments available.
The most plausible demand pat forward on behalf
of the landed interest concerns the large revenue
derived from the Excise duty on malt ; yet it is
remafe able that the landowners themselves have
never been unaniincus in the wish to deprive the
State of one of its most valuable resources. A duty
which produces upwards of 5,000,0001. annually
cannot easily be replaced by any impost which will
not occasion serious discontent. Nor are either the
farmer s or the landlords ignorant that the malt-tax
really falls on the consumer ; while the barley grower
only R tiller& from the limitation of his market, occa-
nmecl by the artificial increase ,in the price of malt.
l'alr. J' onas, indeed, stated before the Committee of the
Ho
use of Lords that the Malt-tax, by enhancing the
cost of the beer consumed by his labourers, increased
his expenses Gd. an acre. But this, as Lord Mont-
eagle truly observes in his report, " cannot. be called
a ape cial burden on real roperty, unless it be con-
tende d that the London coalheaver and worker_
pork* Jia, ,Ahe.. =iota"- t-Its. much a consumer _e!
An Acute-- Mail
a Protectionist or;:arbmusel:rne- fac 'leav!xlerether.ouigih oflie"l3.e'
whichgenerally comprehends
economical questionsbear on his private
transatetions. Mr. Jonas evidently understands that
his int. crest in the Malt-tax is that of a consumer,
not of a producer ; and it isand
from. a similar perception
of the, true bearing of the question that the party who
advocate the system of revenue by indirect
dutie a have never serioustlineagttacked the Malt-tax,
although they have added impostTh to their list of
grievances peculiar to the land. effe real
commodities opponentsia
of the malt duty, and of taxesaodni
Budget
speech,rent quarter.
general, must be looked for in
Mr. Disraeli, in his successful l drewvi
a fanciful distinction between Customs dutie
on foreign productions, and Excise revenue which formseed
a burden on native industry. Sounder economists
watch both classes of taxes with equal interest in the
hope of reducing the burden on consumers without
dangerously tampering with the finances of the State.
The Melt-tax will, like the rest, be entitled to conside-
ration in its turn, as an impost which may probably be
found to be of an elastic nature. Tea, wine, and tobacco
may, no doubt, be rendered cheaper without eventual
loss to the Exchequer ; and there is no reason why
the duty of 21s. Bid. per quarter on malt should for
ever form the fiscal addition to the price of so useful
a commodity as beer. But it is for the benefit of
labourers and coalheavers, and not in the problema-
tical hope of adding to the rent of gravelly soils, that
the question must be practically considered. In the
meantime, if barley-growers think, as they justly
may, that they are not remotely interested in the
cheapness of -beer, they may profitably direct their
energies to the reduction of a heavier impost than
that which the Exciseman levies on malt.
We have repeatedly called attention to the un-
scrupulous exactions of the brewers who mono-
polise the beer trade of London. In the days
of protective duties, and even in seasons of
actual scarcity, the retail price of porter was 4d.
per pot, and it was understood that the partners
in the great brewing firms were in the enjoyment of
at least reasonable profits on their capital. The price
of barley has of late years sunk one-half, the cost of
hops has been materially reduced, wages and all other
collateral expenses have been diminished—but the
working man still pays 4d. per pot for his porter. It
is evident that there is something wrong in the law
which renders such a monopoly possible. What that
wrong is, and how it is to be remedied, may be a
question not easily solved; but it is one which the
grower of the main staple of the beer manufacture,
is, ''beyond all others, interested in answering. The
root of the difficulty may be indicated in the
simple remark that in the case of beer, as in that
of other fermented liquors, the principle of Free-
trade has not fair play. For purposes, not
of revenue nor of Protection, but of police and
public morality, the sale of intoxicating liquors
is regulated and restricted. The field is not perfectly
open, and the natural results of a partial monopoly
follow from a limited competition, which renders
combination practicable. Until an attempt shall have
been made to remedy the evil, it is not necessary to
admit that there is any inseparable connexion between
a judicious regulation of public-houses and the ac-
quisition of . exorbitant profits by the brewer. To
this point the Chancellor of the Exchequer may, per-
haps, direct his attention with advantage. If it be
his noble ambition to realise the vision of Jack Cade,
by giving the consumer ten hoops to his three-hooped
pot, let him do so without ruining the revenue by
the repeal of the Malt-tax. The community is con-
cerned in the maintenance of the public credit; but it
has no interest in the enormous dividends which are
derived by private firms from the sale, at a price
fixed in the days of Protection, of an article the ma-
nufacture of which legislative changes have made
comparatively cheap.
The consumers, and, to a certain extent, the pro-
ducers, of beer, are taxed in at least three ways—via.,
through the malt duty, the hop duty, and the licensing
system, to which the brewers owe that monopoly
which they so grossly abuse. Of the malt-tax and
of the brewers' profits
we have already spoken, and
we will not at present discuss the protection which
is afforded to malt against the competition of sugar
and molasses. The hop duty necessarily eugments
the price of malt liquors to the purchaser, but it may
be doubted whether it erects the value of land, even
in the districts of Kent, Sussex, and Herefordshire,
where hops are ordinarily grown. One half of the
duty is paid after credit has been given for six months,
and the remainder at the expiration of a year from
1 the gathering of the crop—an anomalous regulation,
by which, in effect, the State advances a portion of
the capital engaged in the most speculative of all
agricultural undertakings. The loss of this undue
and questionable advantage would probably be the
principal result of a repeal of the duty, so far as the
owners and occupiers of hop grounds are concerned. The
Customs duty on foreign hops would, of course, be re-
moved at the same time; and it is doubtful whether a free
competition with Belgium and Germany would allow
the English producer to extend his cultivation. The
whole area of soil at present devoted to the production
of hops is about 50,000 acres. The repeal of the tax
has not been regarded with much favour by the land-
owners since Mr. Cobden has spoken and voted
in favour of its abolition. It is a curious illustration
of the levity with which popular doctrines are
sometimes repeated, that some professed supporters
of free trade have not hesitated to propose that the
Customs duty on hops should be retained, notwith-
standing the removal of the impost levied by the Ex-
cise on domestic produce. It would be difficult for
the most industrious collector of grievances to dis-
cover any special burden on land, in addition to those
which we have already discussed. The draft Beet
however, to which we have so often referred, reminds
us that the mode of assessing the Income-to on It
piers of land has given rise to abundant clamt°.fanners
might have been thought that ten s° to coin-
atitled
were, of all classes, the least e _ed for
plain of direct taxation. Horses duty,
agricul-
while the
tural purposes are exempt ferocasirr
ier pay assessed
butcher, the baker, and the in their respective
taxes on those which' they r.e.4,150 levied in a manner
trades. The Property:7, than to any other per-
more favourable to the farmer All tenants of less than
son engaged in bulieneeszenspt from the impost, unless
3001. a year rental are of income. An enormous
they posseo othtere u
all h occupiers in the kingdom are thus
majority of wihe interference of the tax-collector,
_wwhic class avoids that vexatious inquisition
while the
relieved frlole
h causes so much discontent among
into profitorers and tradesmen. Ireland, again, the
raanufaert of agricultural grievances, is altogether
great eotsefrain the Income-tax. Tenant-farmers have
little reason to demand a revision of the mode of as-
„owet, D for its results would probably be anything
but satisfactory to them. The arbitrary valuation of
the farmer's profits at one-half of his rental must, on
an average, be highly favourable to his interests. No
residentin the country can believe that a tenant of 3001.
a year ordinarily spends so small an income as 1501.
It is true that a still more disadvantageous result
might appear on the face of the occupier's books, for
farmers have liberal notions on certain subjects. In
some districts the mistress of the establishment claims
the poultry for pin money, without acknowledging
any liability to account for the grain which they con-
sume ; and in the same manner the farmer, before he
begins to calculate his profits, assumes that himself,
his family, and his horses are provided with shelter
and with food. The annuitant in lodgings may pay
as much out of pocket as his substantial neighbour
at the farm, whose plentiful housekeeping be envies.
Yet, when the one pays 41. 103. to the State out of his
annual 1501., while the other, at a rent of 2901., is

-~ - ~

'
,
/ E- •

' exempt from Income-tax, it is certainly not the occu-
pier of the land who has a right to complain cf ine-
quality. Farmers, however, were never Filent suf34-:
ers, and their complaints are rendered mere audible
by the cireunietance that they possess votes. For r-1
veral years their professed advocates in Parliameritt
remonstrated against the hardship of paying a tax :a.
an assumed
income
perhaps in an exceptio
year no profits whatever
natever might have been realised. \L:::
In vain it was urged that She complainants would
unhesitatingly reject a proposal for placing them on
the same footing with ordinary traders. An average,
it was suggested, implied the possibility of defect as
well as of excess, since a centre of oscillation must
lie between two extremes. Nevertheless, it was re-
peated again and again that the advantage which a
fortunate farmer might gain from the mode of as-
sessment was no compensation for the losses sus-
tained by a less prosperous neighbour • and a year or
two of low prices naturally obliterated the recollec-
tion of a time when the tax was probably paid on a
mere moiety of the profits. The coincidence of agri-
cultural distress with Ministerial difficulties at last
overcame the reasonable objections of financiers ; and
in 1851 Sir Charles Wood consented to give the
farmer an appeal against the assessment founded
on the rectal. At present, therefore, capital
is invested in agriculture under the most advan-
tageous ccndltions, SO far as fiscal burdens are con-
cerned. However great EGfly be the profits of a suc-
cessful year, the occupier is only required to pay
Income-tax on half his rental. It, on the other hand,
his gains fall below the assumed value, he is allowed
a deduction for • the deficiency. The exemption of
farmhouses from taxation, and of agricultural produce
from the duly on fire-insurencee, is not a more dis-
tinct benefit to farmers, as compared with other classes
than is the present system of levying the Properl-
tax. It is true that rents are still rated equally with
every other species of income ; but even landowners
cannot pretend that the most secure of all kinds of
property ought to be exempted from ordinary bur-
dens. As usual, however, they complained in the
name of their tenants as long as it was possible to dis-
cover the shadow of a grievance. The Stamp duties
have been reduced and simplified since the inquiry
which was instituted by the House of Lords; but the
heaviest burdens on lauded property are still to be
found in the taxes imposed
by the State and by, the.:
law, on all transfers of -. real property. Lord
lelatiteagle; in his draft- report, justly points' "to thus- "
.
class of grievances as the most intolerable—and, at
the same time, the most easily removable—to which
landowners are subject. The common remark that the
price of land on the Continent bears a higher pro-
portion to its annual value than in England, is in
itself by no means conclusive. In France and on the
Rhine, there is much competion for small freehold
and little for farms. Moreover, capital has in Eng-
land a hundred channels of investment, while in
poorer countries it is habitually laid cut in the pur-
chase of land. There are many other reasons which
show that a sound economical condition by no means
implies a maximum is the number of years' purchase
given for land ; but it is nevertheless true that the
cost of conveyances, both direct and incidental, forms
a large deduction from the value of every estate in
the country. A commencement has been made in
Equity Reform, but it may be doubted whether the
benefit will reach the land. Until a comprehensive
and simple system of registration is established, titles
will be uncertain, and their' investigation will be
costly. The well-founded popular belief that land-
owners are generally in dfeb cielling email portions of
t, is in no small degree
land. The Governraej o
founded on the difficult
seriously with this difficulty will
shall first grapple
which
establish claims to
the gratitude of the landed interest, of a very dif-
ferent kind from those which canbe based on idle
declamation against non-existent burdens

• • I'

',THE HARPY STEAMER.
We have a few words to say about the performances
oF another Admiralty steamer—the Harpy—which has
just accomplished the passage home from Rio in 110
days. Our old friend the Megxra—we have made
pleasure in observing—is beiee prepared for fresh
triumphs by the hand of the dockyard people at Sheer-
ness. They are caulking end paying her decks with
,Ti ffrey'e marine glee. They are making alterations in
her internal fitments, and placing a coat of prepared
mineral pitch upon her bottom. Despite of all these im-
portant changes Englacd, we are told, is justified in ex-
pecting that within the three weeks the Megasra will be
afloat again. Meanwhile, the reputation of the Admi-
ralty has been ably sustained. Uno avulso non deficit
alter. While the Megeara has been in dock, the Harpy has
been staggering about the Atlantic for the last three
months at the most imminent danger to the lives of
all on board. In the case of this ship it may be said---
and with reason—that wo have no right to expect any
such rapid passage as is habitually made by the Bri.zil
line of mercantile steamers. She was sent home, in
point of fact, on account of the dangerous state of her
boilers, and so it was necessary to navigate her at a re-
duced pressure. Allowance, however, has its limits—
and whether those limits have in this instance been ex-
ceeded must be judged from the following facts.
The time bill of the Megara since her departure from
Rio stands as follows :—Rio on the 18th of April, Bahia
on the sth of May, Pernambuco on the 15th, andiFayal
on the 23d of July, off Plymouth on Friday last, and ar-
rived at Portsmouth on Saturday night. The Harpy left
Pernambuco with 150 tons of coal on board—as much or
more than she could stow. Her decks were choked up
with the coal in order to supply the shortcomings of the
stowage below. With this supply she steamed
steadily away for the depot at St. Vincent's,
and was within a comparatively short distance when
it was found that the supply of coal was exhausted. A
desperate effort must be made to keep the boilers going.
Everything was thrown into the fire—coal sacks, mesa
tables, old junk, the cabin doors, everything, in short,
that was not absolutely necessary to keep the vessel
above water. All efforts, however, were in vain, the in-
terior of the Harpy presented a mere tabula rasa; there
was nothing more to throw on the fires, which very
naturally went out. Under these disagreeable circum-
stances the officer in command of the ship, Commander
Williams, who appears to have discharged his duty
with great energy and discretion, came to the resolution
of bearing up for the Western Islands. In order to give
them a chance of reaching this haven alive it was neces-
sary to put the crew on a reduced scale of provisions and
water. They apperr to have suffered very considerably
from actual hardships, and still more from the terrible
apprehensions of the fate that in all probability
awaited them. At last they made Fayal, the very day
they were reduced to only one day's further provision
of water. The commander had directed his men
to catch the condensed steam and add it to their slender
supplies in the tanks, or they would not have reached
Fayal without enduring the sufferings inseparable from
actual privation. The passage from Pernambuco to
Fayal had occupied
even in the British navy an officer could be found to com-
mand and. a crew to work such a craft across the
havewi
Atlautic. The conduct of the commander,
no doubt, that of the men, appears to have beaenid'a
neither
home
webove all
praise. The ship in which they were would
ring
steam nor sail, and yet they
in Balety to Portsmouth harbour.nont
from the account we have received, to
givepeople were reduced in
some idea of
the shifts to which the Harpy's
pwnen they came to try
order to keep the steam going.
~ The Harpy wasn't built
sailing it was just as bad. r_
:Wvc:epde havee b
endeavoured,
y°?b-
forss r serves—i i n'g' i.'f' a A
ships oeuaraellails'b:aoetnnottnhveeenwrrytihl wild can
linassumption
l
Well—could she steam, evenrd? The reply we get is, that
d that she had fuel on
sake had
hbueda rbeaeul2rleb...
Bb
steamt h eil
pressure,arpy
elb., but 0 at this modified degree of pres-
sure to ea, always" giving way," and required
hivccreafoorrigsianfaeltlyy,smeaudke
patch there, in order to keep
now a
ilewrsven
now a patch berehat
she ever reached the shores of
them "ealerieents to be little short of a miracle.
tainurse,
sure the boilers we.-
Great Britain
the question arises in the first place,
Now, of coon
0 leaving Rio in such a condition as to
was thehshi`dispatch across the Atlantic at all? The
kistijoY,. resulting from the state of facts before us is in-
:vi",;;,-le,r that it was unsafe in the highest degree to
t the lives of the brave commander and crew a the
ma steam-ship the boilers in which had been
nr rpY t° a • -
•seaor to a sailing ship which would not sail.
The Harpy appears to have combined the absence, we
condemned,
crave pardon for the Hibernicism, of both qualifications.
Bat as it appears to our uninformed minds, although it
might have been an unsafe thing that the Harpy should
be sent to her machinery, it would not have involved
any very great amount of danger to have sent the
necessary machinery to the Harpy. To be sure, we
are not the Lords of the Admiralty, or great people at
the dockyards, or anything of that sort; but we have in
the course of oar little experience heard of simple-
minded merchants sending the requisite machinery for
steam-ships across the waters of the Atlantic. Of course
it was a question of expense in the second place—for the
first question was one of humanity and prudence. Was
it worth while to incur such an expense at all? If this
question was decided in the affirmative, it was certainly
best to get the necessary work executed at as cheap a
rate as possible. What would have been the cost of
freight on one side; and what the cost, on the other
hand, of maintaining the Harpy's
months and a half staggering about the ocean onf the
most imminent peril of their lives? A comparisont
again,
two charges cannot surely be very difficu
l
t
.
consideration
suppose it had been decided on mature
people for three
overhauled and her
Harpy:home, that she might be
as
her boilers had
that it was the most economical course to send the
, boilers refitted in England; surely,ee
give the gallant officer
the rules of common prudence
home
in
his ship
been condemned, it would havetob n but consistent with
give way.
in command means of sailing
whenever the boilers
eshdo
:no the half-amused indignation
watches the proceedings of
withig which anything
en
sit -
it would be the account of the
hie Admiralty Bocaristing among the mercantile steam
glorious rivalry A
cEotingldlisnlre_
I be many a long day ere such a
companies. It
Plata is sent to sea from any dockyard in
ship as La . That the same number of this journal
these kingdomeea
orded the return of the Harpy and the
should havera Plata !—Times.
first trip 0-f - L

Several men employed in the goods yard of the
Rouen Railway, at the Batignolles, hired a boat on Friday
evening at Asnieres fora row. When in the centre of the
river, five of the determined to bathe, and immediately
after two of the number disappeared. One was got up by
his companions, and recovered but the other was drowned.
,Paris Paper.

ER MAJESTY'S THEATRE.
TWO FAREWELL NIGHTS of the Season.
PLAYHOUSE PRICES.
It is respectfully announced that Two Farewell Nights will be
given, viz..

THIS EVENDTG,
(By Desire)
Will be repeated a grand romantic Opera, composed by H.R.H. the
Duke of Saxe-Coburg, entitled CASILDA.
Casilda, Madame Charton ; Donna Anna, Madame De la Grange ;
Alfonso, Signor Calzolari ; Gomez, Signor busini ; Don Luigi, Signor
Pe BasSini

To conclude with an entirely new Ballet,
/proposed by M. Gosselin, the Poem by M. St. Georges. the Music
by M. Nadaad, entitled

ZELIE ; on, l'Amonr et la Magic.
Madlle. Caroline P.osati, Mdlles. Rosa, :11seer, Lamoureux,
Amegrini, Louise Fleury ; MM. Di Matta and Durand.
On SATITRDAY next,
Will be presented Rossini's Onera,
IL BARBIERE DI SIVIGLIA.

Rohm Madlle De d'Almaviva, Signor Gar-
dont ; Figaro, Signor De Bassini ; Basilic), Signor Susini ; Bartolo,
signor Labiache.
In the Lesson Scene Madlle. De la Grange will introduce Rode's
Celebrated variations.
After which the last act of
LA. SONNAMBULA.
Amine, Madame Charton ; Lisa, Dladlle. Feller ; Count Rode]pko,
Signor De Bassino ; Elvina, Signor Gardoni.
Prices —Pit, 55.; Gallery, 2i. 6d. ; Pit Stalls, 10s. 6d. ; Gallery
Stalls, 75.; Boxes, Two Pair, 21s. ; One Pair and Pit Tier, One
Guinea and a Half; Grand Tier, Two Guineas ; Box Seats, 55., 65.,
and 7s.
App.qcations for Boxes, Stalls, ard Tickets to be made at the Box-
otlce,,Opera Colonnade, Haymarket.
BATTY'S GRAND NATIONAL HIPPO-
DROME,
Opposite the Broad Walk, Kensington-gardens,
Is now OPEN for the Season
The most popular place of amusement in London.
On account of the great popularity which has attended Mr. Barr,
the celebrated Falconer, in the introduction of Ws highly-trained
Hawks and Peregrine Falcons, and from the numerous applications
made to Mr. Batty for a continuance of the same, he begs to an-
nounce that the Royal Sport will be repeated every evening during
the present week, with an important change in the various enter-
tainments of the Hippodrome.
THIS DAY, a Grand Balloon Ascent in the Royal Bippodrome
Balloon, at Six o'clock precisely.
Doors open at Half-past Five, the Entertainments commencing at
Six o'clock precisely.
A splendid Brass Band will ba mattaendance.
Admission—Reserved Seats, 3s. ; First C, 25.; Secoad ditto,
Is.; Third ditto, 6d.

ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN.
THIS EVENING,
GRAND EXTRA NIGHT.
Will be performed Meyerbeer's Grand Opera,
LE PROPHETE.
Fides ame Grist ; Bertha, Madame Castellan ; Jean of Leyden,
Signor Mario; Count Oberthal, Signor Tagliafico ; Serjeant, Signor
peoaants, Signori Rommi and Bache ; Gioni, Signor Stigelli;
Sold' ;
iesen, signor Polonini ; Zaccaria, Herr Formes.
ath
The incidental Ballet and Skating Scene will be danced by
Madlle. Robert and M. Alexandre, M. Ruault, Flusse ; M
Rolemberg and Lebiond, and comprise the celebrated Quadrille des
Patineurs. adiles.
The performances commence at Eight o'clock
Boxes,pre be hciselY-
sul (for the
Ticket for the Stalls, e Pit maY
Night ors Sestion), at the Box-officeor oft the Theatre, whick le °per!
from Eleven till Five o'cloek ; and of the principal librarians and
muslcsellers,

PIETRO IL GRANDE.
On SATURDAY next,
will be produced (first time) a new grand historical Opera, entitled
Composed PIETRO IL GRANDE.
expressly for the Royal Italian Opera, Covent-garden, by
Y. Jullien.
----------...

---------
THEATRE LOYAL. Hb-T2l'kitl"L
Mr. B, Webster, Sole Lessee and Manager, Old Brompton.
THIS EVENING,
ON
tOtNa
Will be performed a new Drama, entitled THE WRITING
THE WALL. Augustus Trotter, Esq, Mr. Wright; Tobias, Mr. O.
Smith; Richard Oliver, Mr. Emery ; Bob Smithsrs,BedfOrd;
Lady Elton, Mrs. L. Murray M•irgrette, M Chaplin ;
Smithimi, Miss Woolgar.
With a devilish nevv Extravaganza, called 3IEPHISTOPIIELEs
Characters by Mr. Honey' Miss Fitzwilliam. and Miss _ Wool .gar.
•
To conclude with SLASLIER AND CRASHER.
___-------------

ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Under the Patronage of her
Prince Albert, esty and his Royal Bighnesa
Proprietor and Manager, Mr. W. Batty.
The moat successful and popular Theatre in London.
Week of the renowned artistes, the Messrs. S7egrist, from
The Last
the
Champs Elysees, Paris, whose surprising and unrivalled perform-
ances on La Perch, created e ming the last season, in Paris, a sen-
sation totally unprecedented in that metropolis.

THlci EVENING,
Will be produced, a grand Spectacle, Nvritten expressly for the Am-
phitheatre, by E. halm,ll, Esq., entitled PETER THE GREAT,
in which Mr. Ryder, f,om the Princess's, w 11 appear.
To be lollowen by Batty's inimitable Scenes of the Arena, intro-
ducing the most nun:wrens (quest-fan company in Europe.
To conclude w, th a Lang •iable farce.
Tictets to be had at the Box-office from Eleven till Four daily.
Stage Manager, Mr. Leclercq.
Mr. Batty begs leave to announce to his patrons and the public in
general, that he i 3 now training Six
E'ephants to run in the Arena
al Horses.