The Sun.
London, England, 1852-09-02 00:00:00

SPAIN.

The Madrid journals of the 27th ult. have arrived.
The Madrid Gazette of that day publishes the text
of the postal treaty between Spain and Austria. It
is to come into operation on the Ist November next.
The Diario Espanol states that the negotiations for
a similar treaty with England will soon be formally
concluded. The bases of it have, it says, been already
agreed on, and M. r.
r. WOT AY, the English Chargé
d'Affaires at Madrid, is paying special attention to the
subject.
The Diario announces that M. JOSE CAMPO has
been charged to execute the railway from Madrid to
Valencia. _

M. DE SOUZA, Spanish Minister at Constantinople,
has arrived in Madrid to take the post of chief of the
first section in the department of Foreign Affairs.
According to a letter, it is not true that the QUEEN,
as stated by one of the journals, is in an interesting
situation.

The Three per Cents, were done at 454 ; the New
Three per Cents. at 23i; the Debt of the first class
at 121; and that of the second at q.

PORTUGAL.

At last the Government hare adopted the wise
measure of making some important reductions in the
excessive rates of duties. For years every intelligent
person has pointed out the folly of maintaining duties
which only tended to encourage smuggling, or to im-
pede their manufactures by enhancing the cost of
articles of primary necessity. A great deal more must
be done before our just expectations shall be fulfilled;
but meanwhile we gratefully accept the boon as the
first step towards free trade. A few remarks will
suffice to demonstrate the wisdcfm of the change.
Silks were subjected to such enormous duties that it
was notorious that the revenue was constantly de-
frauded. Scarcely a single case of silk handkerchiefs
was dispatched through the Custom-house. Of lace,
only a few pounds paid duty in the course of the
year. Notwithstanding this, both these articles of
foreign manufacture could to readily purchased in
the shops. Articles of mixed materials hitherto
paid the higher rate of duty, even if they contained
only the smallest quantity of the more costly quality.
This cause of complaint is now removed, and they
will pay the duty on the predominant material of
which they are composed. It will be observed that no
change is made in cottons or woollens ; but as the
present decree is merely part of the proposed modifi-
cations, it is to le hoped that those branches of Bri-
tish commerce will also be eventually benefited. In
the preliminary report of the tariff commission the
reasons for the alterations are stated with perspicuity,
and evince a right appreciation of the true principles.
They are applied first to the primary principles of
national industry, viz.:—
Iron, duty reduced to lOors., about 6d. per cwt.
Steel 79 200ra., about Is. „
Coal If Mrs., about 30. „
Sulphuric czid, reduced from 11s. to is. 6d. per arroba.
Printing type 225. to 3s. s•
Paper fur printing 10s. to 4s. 6d. „
Ornamental paper ~ 12s. to ss. ft
The Ceminissioners then proceed to deal with those
articles in which contraband trade was known to be
carried on to a great extent, and make considerable
reductions, viz.:—

rebid, ...... Per
es.. lb.
v5iet.t............."
........... Ol3d6Ds.uty.. NrewerDibu.ty.
52:: 6d.
Silk hand
s. Lace
si:7' tehae.dr:titcike.o:l:.fl:ltihul .1i
11.
buttons.
..
; .... . 408.
excessive from the
thing to the public trgeraosuund that they brought no-
are now reduced to 21. 105 r 37.. Harps paid 121., and
341., and are now reduced to paid 10/ , 161, or
2i. to 1101., in proportion to the sizeof the plate, and
will now pay only a rate var •
ying from ls. 6d. to
21. 53. for each plate.
The report winds up by pointingout
the necessity
of reducing the import duty on Colonial produce,
but expresses a fear that this reduction would
seri-
ously affect the revenue, and recommends that
are
relieve:l4i::
nothing shall be done before the system of direct
taxes shall be altered by the adoption of the reparti-
tion of contribution. This system, it will be recol-
lected, was the pretext for the revolution in the
Minho, in 1849, which occasioned the civil war.
But all parties seem now to agree in the opinion
that it is absolutely requisite, and must be adopted
very speedily.
The rumour of the resignation of Viscount AL-

MEIDA GARRETT was verified by the event. Senhor
JERVIS D'ATONGUIA hulls the portfolio of Foreign
Affair. with that of the Marine department. It is
gen.-rally believed that the Duke of SALDANIIA went
to Mafra yesterday, to place the resignation of Senhor
SEABHA in the hands of the QUEEN, and that the Mi-
nistry of Justice will be transferred to RODRIGO DE
FONSECA MAGALHAENS, the Minister of the kingdom.
Thus the administration is deprived of two eloquent
and talented members, and is composed of the authors
of the decree of the 31 December, who will un-
doubtedly strain every nerve to carry the capitaliza-
tion into effect.
Five per Cent. Inscriptions are still quoted at 43i3/4-.

GERMANY.
The German Journal of Frankfort states that the
negotiations opened for regulating the affair of the
succession to the throne of Brunswick are neerly at
an end. The Duke CHARLES of Brunswick i., it is
said, ready to renounce formally his rights to the
throne, both for himself and his eventual descendants.
A letter from Berlin, in the Emancipation of
Brussels, SUS Negotiations on the subject of the
commercial treaty between the Zollverein and Bel-
gium have been for some time urged actively for ward
with M. NOTHOME, the Belgian Envoy at the Court
of Prussia. The denunciation of the treaties of 1844
and 1852 will take place in a few days ; but it appears
that the conventio❑ of 1846, connected with these
treaties, and which was provisionally prolonged by
that of the 18th of February last, will be maintained
as an international treaty until January 1, 1854.
The clause concerning the denunciation of the treaty
of February does not extend to the convention which
concerns the reciprocal repression of smuggling."
A recent number of the official journal of the
Principality of Sondershausen contains the law
which revises the Constitution of 1849. It enacts
that the rights of the people, which are in any manner
hostile to the pretensions of the Germanic Diet, are
abolished ; that the nobility is re-established as a se-
parate caste; that the censorship of the press is not
re-established, but that the liberty of the press is
subjected to great restrictions ; that civil marriage is
suppressed; that the right of association and meeting
is regulated; that the electoral qualification is raised ;
and that the absolute veto of the sovereign is re-esta-
blished.

The Wiener Zeitung publishes the postal conven-
tion between Austria and the States of the Ckurch,
which was signed at Rome on the 30th of March,
this year, and ratified on the part of Vienna on the
11th of June. It is to come into operation on the
12th of December this year, and is to remain in force
five years ; and from the 12th of December, 1857, it
is to be considered as continued annually, if no notice
is given s:a months before.

ITALY.
Instead of from 1,500 to 1,600 workmen being
employed as formerly in the arsenal at Venice, there
are at present upwards of 2,400, who are engaged
either in building new ships, or rendering old ones
fit for war service. Towards the end of harvest a new
frigate of 60 guns is to be removes from the stocks ;
the finishing stroke is just being given to the new
steamer Custozza, of 200-horse power, and the steamer
Hen tze, of 40-horse power, which is destined for
navigation in shallow water, is now ready to have
the engine put in. The frigate Venus, the corvettes
Ad ria and Orestes, and the brig Pola are being re-
paired, and preparations are being made for building a
new schooner. The purchase of timber, hemp, and
iron goes hand in hand with these works, and ar-
rangements have been made with English ship-
builders for the building of two propelled frigates of
40 guns each. On account of the shallowness of the
canals the ships of the line will not be built at Venice,
but at Pola.

EGY .
We find the following in the Debats :—" Accounts
have been received from Alexandria to the 21st. The
Envoy of the Porte, ALIF-BEY, arrived there on the
19th, and on the following day proceeded to Cairo.
He is charged by the Divan to hand to the Viceroy
the firman relative to the introduction of the
Tanzimat into Egypt, with the modifications decided
on between ABBAS PACHA and FUAD EFFENDI, and
since approved of by the Porte. This Envoy had
been expected with great impatience, and serious
uneasiness was beginning to be felt at Cairo and at
Bennah at the little eagerness shown by the Porte to
give its official sanction to the convention of May
last ; for it was known that FUAD EFFENDI had
loudly expressed his disapprobation of the brutal
conduct adopted against SAID PACHA, and it was
feared that the presence of that Prince at Constanti-
nople, where be had been called on to come after his
journey into Europe, might change the good feelings
of the SULTAN towards the VICEROY. Assuredly,
the SULTAN could not remain indifferent to that in-
conceivable act of aggression, and be doubtless has
not concealed his disapprobation of it ; but it is diffi-
cult to suppose that this family quarrel could in any
way affect the pacific results of the conferences of
Cairo. However this may be, the arrival of Afar-
Bar had removed all fears, and we shall shortly learn
that the Tanzimat has been promulgated with great
pomp and amidst files promised and long since pre-
pared."