The Sun.
London, England, 1852-12-21 00:00:00

THOMAS HOOD'S GRAVE.—At a General
Meeting of the Subscribers to the HOOD MEMORIAL, held
Dec:2d. at the Whittington Club. it was resolved that the Subscrip-
tion List be CLOSED on the Ist of February, 1853, and
Miss ELIZA. COOK,
Ma. MURDO YOUNG, and
Ala. JOHN WATKINS,
were appointed Trustees to 'the Fund.
The amounts subsctibed are depo•lted at Interest in the London
and C••mmercial I ; ank.
Contrlhotions are received by Mr. William Strudwlcke, at the
Whittington Club, ,trand ; by Miss Eliza Cook, Treasurer, 54,
Great Ormonde•str et, Itlootnshuryby Mr. John Watkins,
Hon. Sec., 34, Par;iament-street.
Among the subscribers are the following
ftis Grace the Duke of Devonshire, £25 0 0
Tne Right Hon. Lord John Russell, ...... 5 0 0
The Right Hon. R. Disraeli, ALP .• 5 0 0
The Right Hon. T. B. Macaulay, l'•••••••••• • . 5
0 0
5 0 0
Sir Will .am Frazer, Bart. • .......
James Harmer, E,5q.... •• • •
John Macgregor, Esq., 5 0 0
Arn• Id tutors, Esq. ••• • • • 55 0
Mrs. Robert Elliot .• ••• • •
Richard Dawson, Esq., M.D... • ..• ••• • .. 5 0 0
George Peabody, Esq .• •••••• • • • • • •....... 5 0
Edward Moorman, Esq..• •.•••• • •• • • 0 0
David !,alomons, Esq.. •• . •
Messrs Spalding and Hodge..... • • •• • 55 0
Miss Eliza Cook ••.•••••• • • • • • • • 5 0 0
Miss Cnshman...• • • ...• •• • ••-•• .• • • 5 0 0
Pruc. eds of an "Evening with Hood " at the
Whittington •.••••• 8 0
Murdo Young, Esq., and family 4 4 0
Samuel Rogers, Esq •••••••• • • • • • • .. ... 3 0 0
C. W. Dilke, Esq... •-• • • •• • •
Charles Lushington, E5q............... 30 0
Elias Davis, Esq.. ..
The Right Hon. the Earl of Ellesmere • 20 0
The Right Hon. Lord John Manners, M.P...• 20 00
Sir James Duke. Bart., M.P... _ . ,• 2 2 0
R. Menckton Milnes, Esq., M.P..... ..... .• • 2 0 0
B. W. Procter, Esq., (Barry Cornwall) 2 2 0
Douglas Jerrold, Esq.... .•
T. K. Hervey, Esq. •••• • • • • ......... ...... • • 2 2 0
Rowland Hill, Esq., General Post-office ........ 2 2 0
C. Mackay, Esq., LL.D. ...... • • • .... 2 2 0
C. W. Dilke, jun., Esq.. •••• • • •• ...........• 22 0
Edward Mciaon, Esq... •..•• • • • • 2 2 0
James Coppock, Esq.• .......
Rev. Thos. Wilkinson, Durham • • . 2 2 0
Wyld, Esq., and family, 2 0 0

jas. fyla,
Mrs. Theodore Martin ( Miss Helen !smelt) 2 2 0
A few Toung Men At SiThiPlol4ol,l MAOsu's.. 15 6
Nine half crowns from Manchester...... I 2 6
The Right Hon. the Earl of Carlisle I 0
The Right Hon. the Earl of St. Germans 1 1 0
The Right Hon. Lord Brougham • • 0 0
The Right Hon. Lord Dudley Stuart, M.P. i 1 o
The Hon. and Rev. S. G. Osborne.. •••• • • • • • 1 0
Alfred Tennyson, Esq. (Poet Laureats).......• 1 1 0
Lady Sandys.... • • • • • • • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
••1 1 0
W. M. Thackeray, E5q..... .. • ..... ••• • •
Charles Swain, Esq, .....• •••••••• • • • • • • • •
W. C. Macready, E•q •• . •• ••••• • .• •• .• 1 1 0
J. Westland Marston, Esq .• • ••• ••••• • '• •
Albert Smith, Esq. .. ••••••••••• • •• • • • • • • • •
Lady Morgan— ......
W. CM. Kent. Esq. •...•• • • • • • • 1 1 0
Alfred Crowquill, Esq. • • •• • •
William Jerdan, Esq.... •• • • ..... • • ...... •• • 1 1 0
Hepworth Dixon, Esq. •..•••• • • • • • • •• • 1 1 0
Charles Gavan Duffy, Esq., M.P• •• • •• ••• • • • 1 0 0
R. Swift, Esq., M.P.... •• • ...... 1 1 0
James Macgregor, Esq., M.P •• .•
B. Oliveira, Esq., M.P.. • ••• •••• • • • • . 1 1 0
W. J. Fox, Esq., M.P.. •••• • • • • 1 1 0
Sir John Kerle Haberfield, Kit., Bristol
Mrs Milner Gibson ...
Thomas Creswick. Esq. R A.. • • ..... •• • 1 1 0
J. B. Buckstone, Esq.. • •
Mrs. Fitzwilliam ..... .......... • ..... ••.. • • 1 1 0
Rev. Felix Palmer, Frierning ••• • • 1 1 0
Horace Mayhew, Esq.. .• •••••••••••• •• • • •• • • 1 1 0
C. Cowden Clarke, Esq.• ••••••••• • •• • • • • • • 10 0
Dr. Robert Elliot, Stratford • ••• •••••••• •• • • • • 1 1 0
Elocution Class, Walworth Literary Institution.. 1 1 0
Rev. J. C. Collins .. „ ..... ......... 0 0
Eight half crowns from Presto', ..... .
In pence from Bideford •• .• • • ..... 0 18 8
In pence from Bristol.... ••••••••• • • • .• • • • . 012 6
Miss Mitford ••••• • • • • • •• • ..... • • 0 10 6
W.C. Bennett. Esq.• •.• •• • • • ...• • •
E. L. Blanchard, Rag •••• • • .• ..... • • ... 010 6
Afew Poor Needlewomen ...... .............. 010 6
In other sums ..

£382 4 $
Future subscriptions will be announced in The Times and other
papers. Every subscriber's name will appear in Eliza Cook's Jour-
JOHN WATKINS, Hon. Sec.
nal.

PATRON—II R. H. PRINCE ALBERT.
ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
ENTIRELY NEW EXHIBITION. —An OPTICAL and
MUSICAL ILLUSTRATION of_" A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S
DREAM," the Worth from Shakspere, the Music by Horn, Stevens,
Bishop, and Dr. Cooke, Daily at a Quarter-past Four, and every
Evening, except Saturday, at Half-past Nine. LECTURES by
J. H. Pepper, Esq., on the andleo AMUSE MENTS ofCHEMISTRY,
adapted to a Juvenile Audience; by Dr. Rachhoffner, on the PHI-
LOSOPHY of SCIENITFIC RECREATION; by Mr. Crispe, on
BALLOONING and the PROSPECTS of AERIAL NAVIGATION,
illustrated by a beautiful Model of POITEVIN'S PARACHUTE,
GREEN'S GUIDE ROPE, DIAGRAMS. Sc. DISSOLVING
VIEWS, including Day and Night Views of WALMER CASTLE,
WALMER CHURCH, &c.
Admission, Is. ; Schools and Children under ten years of age,
half-price.

ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE
CORPORATION,
(Established by Royal Charter of his Majesty George 1., A.D. 1720),
For SEA, FIRE, and LIFE ASSURANCES.
OFFICES—ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON.
BRANCH OFFICE-29, PALL-MALL.
Octavius Wigram, Esq., Governor.
The Hon. 3. T. Leslie Melville, Sub-Governor.
George Pearkes Barclay, Esq., Deputy-Governor.
DIRECTORS.
Henry Bainbridge, Esq. Charles John Manning, Esq.
Edmond S. P. Calvert, Esq. Henry Nelson, Esq.
John Garrett Cattley, Esq. Edward Howley Palmer. Esq.
Alexander Colvin, Esq. Sir John Henry Pelly, Eart.
Edward Maxwell Daniell, Esq. Abraham George Roberts, Esq.
William Davidson. Esq. Charles Robinson, Esq.
Riversdale Wm. Grenfell, Esq. Thomas Smith, Esq.
Robert lianhury, jln., Esq. William Soltau, Esq.
Robert Amadeus Reath, Esq. Joseph Somes, Esq.
William Tetlow Ribbert, Esq. Thomas Tooke, Esq.
Lancelot Holland, Esq. William Wallace, EEL.
Sir John Wm. Lubbock, Bart. Charles Baring Young, Esq.
MEDICAL REFEREE—SamueI Solly, Esq., F. R.S., Consulting Surgeon,
St. Helen's-place.
Notice.—The usual fifteen days allowed for payment of Fire Pre-
miums falling due at Christmas, will expire on the 9th of January.
Life Assurance may be effected to the extent of Ten Thousand
Pounds on one Life; with, or, at lower Premiums, without partici-
pation in profits.
The Reversionary BONUS on Participating Life Policies has
amounted on an average to 46 per Cent. on the amount of Premiums
paid.
The Fees of medical referees are paid by the Corporation.
The Assured may serve in the Militia without affecting the validity
of their Policies.
position during uowards of a
unquestionable secuaty by its
capital-stock.
y Corporation
n Quarter,
affords a high
CeTnhtuisr

ALEX. GREEN, Secretary.

I[l[OW TO ENJOY CHRISTMAS.
it is useless to complain about the weather, since no one
can alter it ; it is our policy to make the best use of the means of
enjoyment within our reach. The DREGS prepared for Christmas
by E. MOSES and SON is the most suitable for Christmas parties
or Christmas journies ; it consists of the splendid and elegant, or the
warm and the waterproof, in clothing for every person.
The JUVENILE CLOTHING prepared for Christmas by E.
MOSES and SON is Cut on principles of art, only known and prac-
tised at their Establishment. A Stdt of this ATTIRE will enable
youths to enjoy Christmas in true style.
The Hosiery Branch of E. MOSES and SON'S is highly available
for the season; every choice article to Gloves, Ties, Handkerchiefs,
and articles celebrated for neatness, taste, and beauty.
The HAT and CAr section at E. MOSES and SON'S furnishes great
additions to the means of enjoyment, being replete with the most
stylish and elegant nmnufac'ure ever witnessed.
The BOOT and SHOE department exhibits a stock of fancy and
substantial goods for Ladles or Gentlemen. In each kind the articles
are adopted to the season.
The way to enjoy christmas is to purchase the best articles, in the
most fashionable styles, and the most accomplished workmanship, at
a cost considerablir
lower than you might pay elsewhere. This may
be done at E. MOSES and SON,s.
CHRISTMAS EVE, Wile' FRIDAY, E. MOSES and SON'S establish-
ments will he closed at half-past four o'clock.
N.B.—EMIGRANTS purchasing their OUTFITS at E. MOSES
and SON'S get all the advantages of the largest wholesale and ex-
port trade in the kingdom ; the goods are arranged in a separate
department, where the Emigrant can immediately select to such
amounts as he may be disposed. Every class of Emigrants—cabin,
intermediate, or steerage passengers—are provided for with a com-
pleteness sod economy which cannot be equalled elsewhere. Ship
Sailing Information and Lists of Outits may be had on application,
or post free.
CAUTION.—H. MOSES and SON" regret having to guard the
üblic against imposition, having learned that the untradesman-like
p falsehood of " Being connected with 'heir Establishment," or " It's
the same concern," has been resorted to ix many instances, and for
obvious reasons, they beg to state that they have.
No CONNERION WITH ANY OTHER ROUSE IN OR OUT OF LONDON,
except their own Establishments, as follows :
London City Establishment, 154. 155, 156, and 157, Minories, 83,
84,85, and 85, Aldgate, opposite the Church, all communicating.
Branch, 505. 507, 508,
London West-end New Oxford-street, 1,2,
Rua Tlart-street, all communicating.
Bradford (Yorkshire) Branch, IQ
• Bridge street.
Sheffield Branch, 36. Farzate.
Merchant Tailors, Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers. Boot and
Shoe Makers, and Gmeral Outfitters for Ladies and Gentlemen.
IMPORTANT —Should any article not give satisfaction, it will be
exchanged if desired, or, if preferred, the money will be returned
without hesitation All goods are marked in plain figures, the lowest
price, from which no abaiement can he made.
The Establishments are slosed from sunset Friday to sunset on
Saturdays, when business is resumed till 12 o'clock.
A new Book, entitled " The World's Pharos," containing the
Emigrant's Assistant, full list of prices, and directions for self mea-
of
surement, may be had on application, 61. post-free, to any part
the kingdom.
A handsome Almanac for the year ending 1853 can be had, gratis,
on application.
Ici l'on parle Franca's.
Hier srricht man Deutsch.

I Qui 81 parla Italian°.
I Aqua se habla Espanol.

DR. CULVERWELL'S NEW WORKS.
To he had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row; Carvalho,
147, Fleet-street ; Mann, 39, Cornhill ;or direct from the author,
price One Shilling each ; by post, Is 6d.
ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.
" Health, Recreation, and Rational Use of Time."
CONTENTS:—Early Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings—Ex-
cursions about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills,
Forests, Fields, High-roads, and other pleasant places—Country
Trips and Rambles—The Sea —London at Night—Evenings at Home
Music—The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing,
Rest, Ease, Occupation, Bcc.,

FRAGMENTS FROM
VTHE FOUNTAINS. Two Vols.
VISIT TO THE LAKES ; SKETCH OF EDINBURGH, &c.
Vol. 11.
THE LAKES OF KILLARNEY ;
&cREMINISCENCES OF
DUBLIN, .
WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID,
" That three score years and ten our course may run."
A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner-
vously-debilitated hlth and enfeebled constitution that harrasses
the younz. besets theman of pleasure, business or study, and em-
bitters old age ; with tables and rules for the diet and physical regu-
lation of every-day life.

IT.
THE PASSIONA.
" What passions hurt the body—what improve,
Truths as refined as Athens ever heard."
SUBJECT :—Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old ago. The ad-
vent of the passions. Chastity and its infringement. The casualties
of licentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, -
tive, and remedially°. Advocacy` of early marriages.

THE MARRIAGE STATE.
„To be or not to be, that is the question."
Fitoonamma :—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and reli-
gion regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and
choice, on both sides, as to age temperament, complexion, and
figure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them.
Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.
Cases, Ifix.
By R. 3. C ULVERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. (1827), L.S.A.
(1824), Twenty-five years Medical and Forensic Referee in these
matters. Reception hours daily till Five. Evening'', Seven till
Nine. 10, Argyll-place, Regentltreet.

BETTS'S PATENT BRANDY having been
now before the Public since 1825, the pro.sf of its excellence in
its use by discriminative consume •s being coctinuons and increasing.
and its purity and excellence being vouched for by the HIGHEST
M EPIC/U. AUTHORITIES, warrant Messrs. J. T. BETTS ant CO.
In inviting universal attention to it as an article of incomparable
merit. Their PATENT METALLIC CAPSULES are, at the same time,
effective security to the public against the fraudulent sub•titution of
any inferior article, whether as regards their PA LENT BRANDY,
their celebrated Whiskey, "TILE DEW OFF BEN NEVIS," or
their STANDARD Or' COGNAC BRANDY; either of which may be
o twined of respectable Wine and Spirit Merchants throughout the
kin,dom ; or in quantities of not less than Two Gadons, from J. T.
BETTS and CO., Distillery, 7, Smithfield-bars, London.

OUND AND WHI LT TEE CH ere sot "uly
LY indispensably requi.Fite to a pleasing exterior in both sexes,
but they are peculiarly appr.-eiated through life as a blessing highly
conducive to the purposes of health and longevity by the proper mas-
tication of food. Among the various preparations offered for the
purpose, ROWLANDS' ODONTO, or Pearl Dentifrice, stands unri-
valled in its capability of embellishing, purifying, and preserving the
teeth to the latest period of life. It will eradicate all tartar and con
cretions, impart a pearl-like whiteness to the enamelled surface, re-
move spots of incipient decay, render the gums firm and red, fix the
teeth firmly in their sockets; and from its aromatic influence im-
part sweetness and purity to the breath. Price 2s. 9d. per box.
TO LADIES.—ItOWLANDo' KALYDOR for the SKIN. and
COMPLEXION.—It effectually dissipates all redness, tan, pim pies
spots, freckles, discolourations, and other cutaneous visitations. The
healthy bloom it imparts to the cheek, and the softness and delicacy
which it induces of the hands and arms render it indispensable to
every toilet. Price 4s. 6d. and Bs. 6d. per bottIe.—BEWARE OF
SPURIOUS IMITATIONS. The only genuine of each bears the name of
" RowiaNDs'," preceding that of the Article on the Wrapper or
Label.—Sold by A. BOALAND and Sox, 20, Hatton-garden, London ;
and by Chemists and Perfumers.

AMERICA.

THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
Congress met on the 6th, and after the usual
forms had. been gone through, President Fillmore's
Message was read. It is as follows :
" Fellow-citizens of the Senate and of the House of Rev
presentatives,—The brief space which has elapsed since the
close of your last session, has been marked by no extraor-
dinary political event. The quadrennial election of chief
magistrate has passed off with less than the usual excite-
ment. However individuals and parties may have been
disappointed in the result, it is, nevertheless, a subject of
national congratulation, that the choice has been effected
by the independent suffrages of a free people, undisturbed
by those influences which in other countries have too often
affected the purity of popular elections.
" Our grateful thanks are due to an all-merciful Provi;
della:, not only for staying the pestilence which in different
forms has desolated some of our cities, but for crowning the
labours of the husbandman with an abundant harvest, and
the nation generally with the blessings of peace and
prosperity.
" Within a few weeks the public mind has been deeply
affected by the death of Daniel Webster, filling at his de-
cease the office of Secretary of State. His associates in
the Executive Government have sincerely sympathised. with
his family and the public generally on this mournful occa-
sion. His commanding talents, his great political and
professional eminence, his well-tried patriotism, and his
long and faithful services in the most important public
trusts, have caused his death to be lamented throughout
the country, and have earned for him a lasting place in our
history.
" In the course of the last summer considerable anxiety
was caused for a short time by an official intimation from
the Government of Great Britain that orders had been
given for the protection of the fisheries upon the coasts of
the British provinces in North America against the alleged
encroachments of the fishing vessels of the United States
and France. The shortness of this notice and the season
of the year seemed to make it a matter of urgent impor-
tance. It was at first apprehended that an increased naval
force had been ordered to the fishing grounds to carry into
I effect the British interpretation of those provisions in the
convention of 1818 in reference to the true intent of which
the two Governments differ. It was soon discovered that
such was not the design of Great Britain, and satisfactory
explanations of the real objects of the measure have been
given both here and in London.
" The unadjusted difference, however, between the two
Governments as to the interpretation of? the first article of
the convention of 1818 is still a matter of importance.
American fishing-vessels within nine or ten years have been
excluded from waters to which they had free access for 25
years after the negotiation of the treaty. In 1845 this ex-
clusion was relaxed so far as concerns the Bay of Fundy ;
but the just and liberal intention of the Home Government,
in compliance with what we think the true construction of
the convention, to open all the outer bays to our fishermen
was abandoned, in consequence of the opposition of the co-
lonies. Notwithstanding this, the United States have,
since the Bay of Fundy was re-opened. to our fishermen in
1846, pursued the most liberal course towards the colonial
fishing interests. By the revenue law of 1846, the duties
on colonial fish entering our ports were very greatly re-
duced, and by the Warehousing Act it is allowed to be en-
tered in bond without payment of duty. In this way co-
lonial fish has acquired the monopoly of the export trade
in our markot, and is entering to some extent into the
home consumption. These facts were among those which
increased the sensibility of our fishing interest at the move-
ment in question.
" These circumstances and the incidents above alluded
to have led me to think the moment favourable for a re-
consideration of the entire subject of the fisheries on the
coasts of the British provinces, with a N iew to place them
upon a more liberal footing of reciprocal privilege. A wil-
lingness to meet us in some arrangement of this kind is un-
derstood to exist on the part of Great Britain, with a de-
sire on her part to include in one comprehensive settlement
as well this subject as the commercial intercourse between
the United States and the British provinces. I have
thought that, whatever arrangements may be made on
these two subjects, it is expedient that they should be em-
braced in separate conventions. The illness and death of
the late Secretary of State prevented the commencement of
the contemplated negotiation. Pains have been taken to
collect the information required for the details of such an
arrangement. The subject is attended with considerable
difficulty. If it is found practicable to come to an agree-
ment mutually acceptable to the two parties, conventions
may be concluded in the course of the present winter.
The control of Congress over all the provisions of such an
arrangement affecting the revenue will, of course, be re-
served.
" The affairs of Cuba formed a prominent topic in my
last annual message. They remain in an uneasy condition,
and a feelinc, of alarm and irritation on the part of the
Cuban authorities appears to exist. This feeling has inter-
fered with the regular commercial intercourse between the
United States and that island, and led to some acts of
which we have a right to complain. But the Captain-
General of Cuba is clothed with no power to treat with
foreign Governments, nor is he in any degree under the
control of the Spanish Minister at Washington. Any
communication which he may hold with an agent of a
foreign Power is informal and matter of courtesy. Anxious
to put an end to the existing inconveniences (which
seemed to rest on a misconception), I directed the newly-
appointed Minister to Mexico to visit the Havannah, on
his way to Vera Cruz. He was respectfully received by
the Captain-General, who conferred with him freely on the
recent occurrences, but no permanent arrangement was
effected.
" In the meantime, the refusal of the Captain-General to
allow passengers and the mail to be landed in certain cases,
for a reason which does not furnish, in the opinion of this
Government, even a good presumptive ground for such a
prohibition, has been made the subject of a serious remon-
strance at Madrid ; and I have no reason to doubt that due
respect will be paid by the Government of her Catholic
Majesty to the representations which our Minister has been
instructed to make on the subject.
" It is but justice to the Captain-General to add, that
his conduct towards the steamers employed to carry the
mails of the United States to Havannah has, with the ex-
ceptions above alluded to, been marked with kindness and
liberality, and indicates no general purpose of interfering
with the commercial correspondence and intercourse be-
tween the island and this country.
" Early in the present year official notes were received
from the Ministers of France and England, inviting the
Government of the United States to become a party, with
Great Britain and France to a tripartite convention, in vir-
tue of which the three Powers should severally and collec-
tively disclaim, now and for the future, all intention to ob-
tain possession of the island of Cuba, and should bind them-
selves to discountenance all attempts to that effect on the
part of any Power or individual whatever. This invitation
has been respectfully declined, for reasons which it would
occupy too much space in this communication to state
in detail, but which led me to think that the proposed
measures would be of doubtful constitutionality, impolitic,
and unavailing. I have, however, in common with several
of my predecessors, directed the Ministers of France and
England to be assured that the United States entertain no
designs against Cuba ; but that, on the contrary, I should
regard its incorporation into the Union at the present time
as fraught with serious peril.
" Were this island comparatively destitute of inhabit-
ants, or occupied by a kindred race, I should regard it, if
voluntarily ceded by Spain, as a most desirable acquisition.
But, under existing circumstances, I should look upon its
incorporation into our Union as a very hazardous measure.
It would bring into the confederacy a population of a dif-
ferent national stock, speaking a different language, and
not likely to harmonise with the other members. It would
probably affect in a prejudicial manner the industrial in- !
terest of the South, and it might revive those conflicts of
opinion between the different sections of the country which
lately shook the Union to its centre, and which have been
so happily compromised.
" The rejection by the Mexican Congress of the conven-
tion which had been concluded between that republic and
the United States for the protection of a transit way across
the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, and of the interests of those
citizens of the United States who had become proprietors
of the rights which Mexico had conferred on one of her
own citizens in regard to that transit, has thrown a serious
obstacle in the way of the attainment of a very desirable
national object. lam still willing to hope that the differ-
ences on the subject which exist, or may hereafter arise,
between the two Governments, will be amicably adjusted.
This subject, however, has already engaged the attention
of the Senate of the limited States, and requires no
in fur-
ther comment this communication.
" The settlement of the question respecting the port of
San Juan de Nicaragua, and of, the controversy between the
Republics of Costa Rica and Nicaragua in regard to their
boundaries, was considered indispensable to the commence-
ment of the ship canalbetween the two oceans, which wasthe
subject of the convention between the United States and
Great Britain of the 19th of April, 1850. Accordingly, a pro-
position for the same purposes, addressed to the two Go-
vernments in that quarter ,and to the Mosquito Indians, was
agreed to in April last by Secretary of State and the
Minister of her Britannic Majesty. Besides the wish to aid
in reconciling the differences of the two republics, I engaged
in the negotiation from a desire to place the great work of
a ship canal between the two weans under =jurisdiction,

many years past been urged by our Chargé d'Affaires at
Caraccas. It is hoped that the same sense of justice will
actuate the Congress of that Republic in providing the
means for their payment.
" The recent revolution in Buenos Ayres and the confe-
derated States having opened the prospect of an improved
state of things in that quarter, the Governments of Great
Britain and France determined to negotiate with the chief
of the new confederacy for the free access of their commerce
to the extensive countries watered by the tributaries of
the Plata ; and they gave a friendly notice of this purpose
to the United States, that we might, if we thought proper,
pursue the same course. In compliance with the invita-
tion, our Minister at Rio Janeiro and our Charge d'Affaires
at Buenos Ayres have been fully authorised to conclude
treaties with the newly-organised Confederation, or the
States composing it. The delays which have taken place
in the formation of the new Government have as yet pre-
vented the execution of those instructions • but there is
every reason to hope that these vast countries will be
eventually opened to our commerce.
" A treaty of commerce has been concluded between the
United States and the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay,
which will be laid before the Senate. Should this conven-
tion go into operation, it will open to the commercial en-
terprise of our citizens a country of great extent and
unsurpassed in natural resources, but from which foreign
nations have hitherto been almost wholly excluded.
" The correspondence of the late Secretary of State with
the Peruvian Chargé d'Affaires relative to the Lobos
Islands was communicated to Congress towards the close of
the last session. Since that time, on further investigation
of the subject, the doubts which had been entertained of
the title of Peru to those islands have been removed ; and
I have deemed it just that the temporary wrong which had
been unintentionally done her, from want of information,
should be repaired by an unreserved acknowledgment of
her sovereignty.
" I have the satisfaction to inform you that the course
pursued by Peru has been creditable to the liberality of
her Government. Before it was known by her that her
title would be acknowledged at Washington, her Minister
for Foreign Affairs had authorized our Chargé d'Affaires at
Lima to announce to the American vessels which had gone
to the Lobos for guano that the Peruvian Government was
willing to freight them on its own account. This intention
has been carried into effect by the Peruvian Minister here,
by an arrangement which is believed to be advantageous to
the parties in interest.
" Our settlements on the shores of the Pacific have
already given a great extension, and in some respects a
new direction, to our commerce in that ocean. A direct
and rapidly-increasing intercourse has sprung up with
Eastern Asia. The waters of the Northern Pacific, even
into the Arctic Sea, have of late years been frequented by
our whalemen. The application of steam to the general
purposes of navigation is becoming daily more common,
and makes it desirable to obtain fuel and other necessary
supplies at convenient points on the route between Asia
and our Pacific shores. Our unfortunate countrymen who
from time to time suffer shipwreck on the coasts of the eastern
seas are entitled to protection. Besides these specific ob-
jects, the general prosperity of our States on the Pacific
requires that an attempt should be made to open the oppo-
site regions of Asia to a mutually beneficial intercourse.
It is obvious that this attempt could be made by no Power
to so great advantage as by the United States, whose con-
stitutional system excludes every idea of distant colonial
dependencies. I have accordingly been led to order an
appropriate naval force to Japan, under the command
of a discreet and intelligent officer of the highest rank
known to our service. He is instructed to endeavour to
obtain from the Government of that country some relaxa-
tion of the inhospitable and anti-social system which it has
pursued for about two centuries. He has been directed
particularly to remonstrate, in the strongest language,
agains the cruel treatment to which our shipwrecked ma-
riners have often been subjected, and to insist that they
shall be treated with humanity. He is instructed, how-
ever, at the same time, to give that Government the
amplest assurances that the objects of the United States
are such and such only as I have indicated, and that the
expedition is friendly and peaceful. Notwithstanding the
jealousy with which the Governments of Eastern Asia re-
gard all overtures from foreigners, I am not without hopes
of a beneficial result to the expedition. Should it be
crowned with success, the advantage will not be confined
to the United States, but, as in the case of China, will be
equally enjoyed by al the other maritime Powers. I have
much satisfaction in stating that in all the steps prepara-
tory to this expedition the Government of the United
States has been materially aided by the good offices of the
King of the Netherlands, the only European Power having
any commercial relations with Japan.
In passing from this survey of our foreign relations, I
invite the attention of Congress to the condition of that
department of the Government to which this branch of the
public business is intrusted. Our intercourse with foreign
Powers has of late years greatly increased, both in cone-
' quence of our own growth and the introduction of many
new States into the family %.)f nations. In this way the
department of State has become overburdened. It has, by
the recent establishment of the Department of the Interior,
been relieved of some portion of the domestic business. If
the residue of the business of that kind, such as the distri-
bution of Congressional documents, the keeping, publish-
ing, and distribution of the laws of the United States, the
execution of the copyright law, the subject of reprieves
and
.pardons, and some other subjects relating to interior
administration, should bo transferred from the Depart-
ment of 'State, it would unquestionably be for the bene-
fit of the public service. I would also suggest that the
building appropriated to the State Department is not fire-
proof ; that there is reason to think there are defects in its
construction, and that the archives of the Government in
charge of the department, with the precious collections of
the manuscript papers of Washington, Jefferson, Hamil-
ton, Madison, and Monroe, are exposed to destruction by
fire. A similar remark may be made of the buildings ap-
propriated to the war and navy departments.
" The condition of the Treasury is exhibited in the an-
nual report from that department.
"The cash receipts into the Treasury for the fiscal year
ending the 30th of June last, exclusive of trust funds,
were $49,728,386 89c., and the expenditures for the same
period, likewise exclusive of trust funds, were $46,007,806
29c.; of which $9,455,815 83c. was on account of the prin-
cipal and interest of the public debt, including the last in-
stalment of the indemnity to Mexico, under the treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo, leaving a balance of $14,632,136 37c.
in the Treasury on the Ist day of July last. Since this
latter period further purchases of the principal of the pub-
lic debt have been made to the extent of $2,456,547 49c.,
and the surplus in the Treasury will continue to be ap-
plied to that object, whenever the stock can be procured
within the limits, as to price, authorised by law.
" The value of foreign merchandise imported during the
last fiscal year was $207,240,101, and the value of domestic
productions exported was $149,861,911, besides $17,204,026
of foreign merchandise exported, making the aggregate of
the entire exports $167,065,937 ; exclusive of the above,
there was exported $45,507,285 in specie ; and imported
from foreign ports $5,262,643.
" In my first annual message to Congress I called your
attention to what seemed to me some defects in the present
tariff, and recommended such modifications as in my judg-
ment were best adapted to remedy its evils and promote
the prosperity of the country. Nothing has since occurred
to Change my views on this important question.
" Without repeating the arguments contained in my
former message in favour of discriminating protective
duties, I deem it my duty to call your attention to one or
two other considerations affecting this subject. The
first is, the effect of large importations of foreign goods
upon our currency. Most of the gold of California, as
fast as it is coined, finds its way directly to Europe in pay-
ment for goods purchased. In the second place, as OUT'
manufacturing establishments are broken down by Forrste-
tition with foreigners, the capital invested in them is 1
;
thousands of honest and industrious citizens are thrown out
of employment, and the farmer to that extent is deprived
of a home market for the sale of his surplus produce. In
the third place, the destruction of our manufactures leaves
the foreigner without competition in our market, and he
consequently raises the price of the article sent here for
sale, as is now seen in the increased cost of iron imported
from England. The prosperity and wealth of every nation
must depend upon its productive industry. The farmer is
stimulated to exertion by finding a ready market-for his
surplus products, and benefited by being able to exchange
them, without loss of time or expense of transportation, for
the manufactures which his comfort or convenience requires.
This is always done to the best advantage where a portion
of the community in which he lives is engaged in other pur-
suits. But most manufactures require an amount of capital
and a practical skill which cannot be commanded unless they
be protected for a time from ruinous competition from
abroad. Hence the necessity of laying those duties upon
imported goods which the constitution authorises for re-
venue, in such a. manner as to protect and encourage the
labour of our own citizens. Duties, however, should not be
fixed at a rate so high as to exclude the foreign article, but
should be graduated as to enable the domestic manufac-
turer fairly to compete with the foreigner in our own
markets, and by this competition to reduce the price of
the manufactured article to the consumer to the lowest rate
at which it can be produced. This policy would place the
mechanic by the side of the farmer, create a mutual inter-
change of their respective commodities, and thus stimulate
the industry of the whole country, and render us
theiepe
n-
dent of foreign nations for the supplies required bnd y
habits or necessities of the people.
presents"Ano "Another question,
tiont,hawt is,
wihndetehpeerndtehnet odfuptireostelcetviioend,
should be upon the value of the article at the place of
shipment, or, where it is practicable, a specific duty,
graduated according to quantity, as ascerttained ad t by-
weight or measure. All our duties are at present
rgemoods.
atA thecert paionrtpoefrshcieptaegnetiisnleavi.
feo.dreiognn the price of3i. the
t
commercial
o f
preventing nations hfarvaeu
fraud
found it
eitri n
ryed.
op emake
purposethe duties
orLmevgial.sluaet.ioinn
weight
tc
owrhmeneeaysuerrethase article ijculestii&ofsuseuhcha
should never encourage dishonesty or crime. It is impossible
ad
uu tnyi f.
that the revenue officers at the port where the goods are
entered and the duties paid, should know with certainty
what they cost in the foreign country. Yet the law re-
quires that they should levy the duty according to such
cost. They are, therefore, compelled to resort to very
unsatisfactory evidence to ascertain what that cost was.
They take the invoice of the importer, attested by his oath,
as the best evidence of which the nature of the case admits.
But every one must see thadttbhye inthve pays a part only of
oihceonmestay
one, and
and thus
fabricated,
reason
and the oath by which it is supported false,
b
thew edhisarhoenepsait
importer
othf
indirectlyewhichdnt ies
hi
receives from the Treasury of the United.
States a reward for his fraud and perjury. The re-
ports of the Secretary of the Treasury heretofore made on
this subject show conclusively that these frauds have been
practised to a great extent. The tendency is to destroy
that high moral character for which our merchants have
long been distinguished, to defraud the Government of its
revenue, to break down the honest importer 14 digtoneot

"The treaties which have been rejected proposed to re-
medy this evil by allotting to the different tribes districts
of country suitable to their habits of life, and sufficient for
their support. This provision, more than any other, it is
believed, led to their rejection ; and, as no substitute for
it has been adopted by Congress, it has not been deemed
advisable to attempt to enter into new treaties of a perma-
nent character, altholgh no effort has been spared by tem-
po-. ary arrangements to preserve friendly relations with

.11G1/1.
" If it be the desire of Congress to remove them from
the country altogether, or to assign to them particular
districts more remote from the settlements of the whites,
it will be proper to set apart by law the territory which
they are to occupy, and to provide the means necessary to
remove to it. Justice alike to our citizens and to the
Indians requires the prompt action of Congress on this
subject.
"The amendments proposed by the Senate to the treaties
which were negotiated with the Sioux Indians of Minesota
have been submitted to the tribes who were parties to
them, and have received their assent. A large tract of
valuable territory has thus been opened for settlement and
cultivation, and all danger of collision with these power-
ful and warklike bands has been happily removed.
"The removal of the remnant of the tribe of Seminole
Indians from Florida has long been a cherished object of
the Government, and it is one to which my attention has
been steadily directed. Admonished by past experience
of the difficulty and cost of the attempts to remove them
by military force, resort has been had to conciliatory
measures. By the invitation of the Commissioner of In-
dian Affairs, several of the principal chiefs recently visited
Washington, and, while here, acknowledged in writing the
obligation of their tribe to remove with the least possible
delay. Late advices from the special agent of the Go-
vernment represents that they adhere to their promise, and
that a council of their people has been called to make their
preliminary arrangements. A general emigration may,
therefore, be confidently expected at an early day.
" The report from the General Land-office, shows in-
creased activity in its operations. The survey of the
northern boundary of lowa has been completed with unex-
ampled dispatch. Within the last year 9,522,953 acres of
public land have been surveyed, and 8,032,463 acres brought
into market :

In the last fiscal year there were sold.
Located with bounty land warrants
Located with other certificates

Acres.
1,553,071
3,201,314
115,682

Making a total of
" In addition, there were :
Reported under swamp land grants 5,219,188
For internal improvements, railroads, &c 3,025,920

.. 1,870,067

Making an aggregate of 13,115,175
Being an increase in the amount of lands sold and located
under land warrants of 569,220 acres over the previous
year.
" The whole amount thus sold, located under land war-
rants, reported under swamp land grants, and selected for
internal improvements, exceeds that of the previous year
by 3,342,372 acres : and the sales would, without doubt,
have been much larger but for the extensive reservations
for railroads in Missouri, Mississippi, and Alabama.
For the quarter ending Sept. 30, 1852, Acres.
there were sold ... ... 243,255
Located with bounty land warrants ... 1,387,116
Located with other certificates ... 15,649
Reported under swamp land grants ... 2,485,233

Making an aggregate for the quarter of 4,131,253
" Much the larger portion of the labour of arranging and
classifying the returns of the last census has been finished,
and it will now devolve upon Congress to make the neces-
sary provision for the publication of the results in such
form as shall be deemed best. The apportionment of re-
presentation, on the basis of the new census, has been
made by the Secretary of the Interior, in conformity with
the provisions of the law relating to that subject, and the
recent elections have been made in accordance with it. •
" I commend to your favourable regard the suggestion
contained in the report of the Secretary of the Interior,
that provision be made by law for the publication and dis-
tribution, periodically, of an analytical digest of all the
patents which have been or may hereafter be, granted for
useful inventions and discoveries, with such descriptions
and illustrations as may be necessary to present an intelli-
gible view of their nature and operation. The cost of such
publication could easily be defrayed out of the patent fund,
and I am persuaded that it could be applied to no object
more acceptable to inventors and beneficial to the public at

large.
" An appropriation of 100,000 dols. having been made
at the last session for the purchase of a suitable site, and
for the erection, furnishing, and fitting up of an asylum
for the insane of the district of Columbia, and of the army
and navy of the United States, the proper measures have
been adopted to carry this beneficent purpose into effect.
" By the latest advices from the Mexican Boundary Com-
mission it appears that the survey of tho river Gila, from
its confluence with the Colorado to its supposed intersec-
t:on with the western line of New Mexico, hi a b 3cn con •
pleted. The survey of the Rio Grande has also been finished
from the point agreed on by the commissioners as ' the
point where it strikes the southern boundary of New
Mexico, to a point 135 miles below Eagle Pass, which is
about two-thirds of the distance along the course of the
river to its mouth.
" The appropriation which was made at the last session
of Congr..ss for the continuation of the survey is subject to
the following proviso :
" Provided,—That no part of this appropriation shall
be used or expended until it shall be made satisfactorily to
appear to the President of the United States that .the
southern boundary of New Mexico is not established by the
commissioner and surveyor of the United States further
north of the town called Paso' than the same is laid down
in Disturnell's map, which is addel to the treaty.'
" My attention was drawn to this subject by a report from
the Department of the Interior, which reviewed all the
facts of the case, and submitted for my decision the ques-
tion whether, under existing circumstances, any part of the
appropriation could be lawfully used or expended for the
further prosecution of the work. After a careful conside-
ration of the subject, I came to the conclusion that it
could not, and so informed the head of that department.
Orders were immediately issued by him to the com-
missioner and surveyor to make no further requisitions on
the department, as they could not be paid ; and to discon-
tinue all operations on the southern line of New Mexico.
But, as the department had no exact information as to
the amount of provisions and money whichremained unex-
pended in the hands of the commissioner and surveyor, it
was left discretionary with them to continue the survey
down the Rio Grande as far as the means at their disposal
would enable them, or at once to disband the commission.
A special messenger has since arrived from the officer in
charge of the survey of the river with information that the
funds subject to his control were exhausted, and that the
officers and others employed in the service were destitute
alike of the means of prosecuting the work and of returning
to their homes.
" The object of the proviso was, doubtless to arrest the
survey of the southern and western lines of New Mexico, in
regard to which different opinions have been expressed ; for
it is hardly to be supposed that there could be any objection
to that part of the line which extends along the channel of
the Rio Grande. But the terms of the law are so broad as
to forbid the use of any part of the money for the prosecu-
tion of the work, or even for the payment to the officers
and agents of the arrears of pay which are justly due to
them.
I earnestly invite your prompt attention to this sub-
ject, and recommend a modification of the terms of the
proviso, so as to enable the department to use as much of
the appropriation as will be necessary to discharge the ex-
isting obligations of the Government, and to complete the
survey of the Rio Grande to its mouth.
" It will also be proper to make further provision by law
for the fulfilment of our treaty with Mexico for running
and marking the residue of the boundary line between the
two countries.
" Permit me to invite your particular attention to the
interests of the district of Columbia, which are confided by
the constitution to your peculiar cart.
" Among the measures which seem to me of the greatest
importance to its prosperity are the introduction of a co-
pious supply of water into the city of Washington, and the
construction of suitable bridges across the Potomac to re.
place those which were destroyed by high water in the early
part of the present year.
" At the last sessiox of Congress an appropriation was
made to defray the cost of the surveys necessary for deter-
mining the best means of affording an unfailing supply of
good and wholesome water. Some progress has been made
in the survey, and, as soon as it is completed, the result
will be laid before you.
alltdhellaccli°tysinogf
" Further appropriations will also be necessary for
grading and paving the streets and avenues,
and embellishing the public grounds within.
Washington.
" I commend all these objects, together With the cha-
ritable institutions of the district, to your favourable re-

.., .

gard.
" Every effort has been made to protect our frontier,
and that of the adjoining Mexican States, from the incur-
sions of the Indian tribes. Of about 11,000 men of which
the army is composed, nearly 8,000 are employed in the
defence of the newly-acquired territory (including Texas),
and of emigrants proceeding thereto. lam gratified to
say that these efforts have been unusually successful.
With the exception of some partial outbreaks in California
and Oregon, and occasional depredations on a portion of
the Rio Grande, owing, it is believed, to the disturbed
state of that border region, the inroads of the Indians have
been effectually restrained.
" Experience has shown, however, that whenever the
two races are brought into contact collisions will inevitably
occur. To prevent these collisions the United States have
generally set apart portions of their territory for the exclu-
sive occupation of the Indian tribes. A difficulty occurs,
however, in the application of this policy to Texas. By
the terms of the compact by which that State was ad-
mitted into the Union, she retained the ownership of all
the vacant lands within her limits. The Government of
that State, it is understood, has assigned no portion of her
territory to the Indians, but as fast as her settlements ad-
vance lays it off into counties, and proceeds to survey and
sell it. This policy manifestly tends not only to harm and
irritate the Indians, but to compel them to resort to plun-
der for subsistence. It also deprives this Government of
that influence and control over them without which no
durable peace can ever subsist between them and the whites.
I trust, therefore, that a due regard for her own interests, •- .
apart from considerations of humanity and justice, will .. .1'
induce that State to assign a small portion of heriast do-, . • .
main for the provisional occupancy of the small re-Mnants ' ir ....
of tribes within her borders, subject of course to her
ownership and eventual jurisdiction. If she should faij ick
do this the fulfilment of our treaty stipulationswith
Make, and our duty to the Indians themselves, Willy it is

i .