The Sun.
London, England, 1852-04-05 00:00:00

INSTITUTION OP CIVIL ENGINEERS.

On Tuesday (James M. Rendel, Esq., President, in
the chair), the psper read was, " An Account of the
Drainage of the Town of Richmond, Surrey, under the
authority of the Metropolitan Commiasioners of Sewers,
in 1851," by Mr. George Donaldson, Asscc. Inst. C. E.'
The drainage of Richmond, extending over art area of
about 320 acres, was undertaken by the Board in the
year 1849, on the application of some of the principal in-
habitants; when the author was appointed to report on
its then state, and to propose some general plan for its
improvement. At that period, all the sewage was col-
lected into cesspools, the liquid contents of which wore
allowed to drain into the earth, causing offensive
surface,exile-
and contaminating the water in
which a large portion of the
ttl
houseahhteoi
moansdsej
rafvreaeoetsnme
adjacent
wells,et
supplysre frewm
seldoma
was
streets, however, there were brick drains, which had
been from time to tinse constructed, for carrying
off the surface and storm waters; but these were not
deep enough to receive the house drainage, which it
was determined to effect by moans of tubular stoneware
pipes, entirely independent of, and separate from,
the brick drains, thus practically carrying out a
system on which very different opinions had
been entertained. At present the outfall of
the sewerage was into the Thames, near the railway
bridge; but eventually a main outfall sewer was to be
constructed to connect Richmond with the general
system of sewerage of the metropolis. The pipe sewers
were about 50,000 feet in length, executed at a cost of
about 7,5001., rather more than half consisting of minor
or branch sewers. The branch pipes, as far as the kerb

. .
of the foot pavement, were laid down at the same time
as the main pipes, each junction being formed at an acute
angle, and eo arranged as to receive the drainage of
three-houses. Before being laid in the trenches, the
pipes were fitted together and marked, and afterwards
packed solidly round with earth. In some of the wet
2 .sandine 2
-inch
edds
el
deals,
wasfour
re
inchesonsid e r
deep,ed advisable
fastened to pipestloaysttahkees.T
on
e
joints were made with well-tempered clay and cement,
and it was very important that they should be water-
tight, for otherwise one of the chief advantages of pipe
sewers over brick drains would be lost. After their com-
pletion, the pipes were proved, by allowing a flash of
water to pass through each separately for about fifteen
or twenty minutes. All the. inlets to the house drains
were trapped with syphons, or bell-traps; and the works
generally had been perfectly successful.
In the discussion which ensued, the comparative
merits of the systems of separating the storm water
from the house sewerage, and of combining them in
large sewers, were argued at great length. It was ad-
mitted that the separate system had not yet been tried
for a sufficient length of time to arrive at definite re-
sults; but, as far as experience had hitherto gone, there
was a general impression in favour of the combined
system in main sewers of brick, not less than four feet
high, in order, not only that men should pass easily up
them, but that they should be able to work in them.
The pipe drains, even of 21 to 24 inches diameter, were
liable to bo choked by deposit, and their areas had been
so reduced, even where the separate system bad been
employed, that stoppages had contiauaUy occurred; thus
proving that the exclusion of road-drift was not entirely
efficacious. It was shown, also, that whenever it was
necessary to cut into the pipe drains, there was great in-
jury from breakage, and they were ultimately more ex-
pensive than brick drains.
Attention was directed to the inaccuracy of the pub-
lished experiments of the Board of Malth , on the dis-
charge of water through pipes; very carefully
conducted
experiments having produced results widely different
from those issued by the Board.
•
It was announced, that at the meeting of Tuesday,
April 6th, the monthly ballot for members, would take
,
place, and the following paper be read The Economy
•
of Railways, as a means of transit, comprising the classi.
ost
fication of the traffic in relation to
the
passengersm appropriate
and merchane
speeds for the conveyance of
dice," by Mr. Braitlis___siaile22.,Usee...

. .
........—"'-......------_
CADVERTISEMEOT, j
.., I—The Royal Exhibition.--A
a
very small powerful waistcoat.
pocket newly-invented,
walnut, by which a person can °bet
pocket glass, the Size of distant
tont -
seen and known li miles s , they answer every purpose
on the Race-course, at the Opera-houses ; country scenery
and ships arc clearlyseen a_ tl2 to 14 miles; they are invaluable
g, deer stalking, yachting, to Sportsmen,
Gentlemen,
ft'rin
iwotGamekeepers, and Tourists.—To be had at Messrs.
S. and B. Solomons, Opticians, 39, Albemarle-street, Picca-
dilly, opposite the York-hotel. Telescopes_A new and most
important invention in Telescopes, possessing such extra-
ordinary powers, that some, 31 inches, with an extra eye piece,
will show distinctly, Jupiter's Moons, Saturn's Ring, and the
Double Stars. With the same Telescope, weighing only three
ounces, can be seen a person's countenance 31 miles elistant,
and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They supersede every
other kind for the waistcoat pocket, and are of larger and all
sizes, with increasing powers accordingly. Opera and Race-
course .
•glasses, with wander. ul powers; an object can be
clearly seen from 14 to 16 miles distant. Alessrs. S. and B.
Solornons, Opticians, hive invented invaluable preserving
Spectacle .Lenses, immediately they are placed before imper-
feet vidon, every object appears clear and distinct, the most
aged defective sight becomes bright and brilliant, is brought to
its youthful, natural, and original state. The Invisible Or-
ganic Vibrator, and all kinds of Acoustic instruments for relief
of extreme deafness.-39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, op-
posite the Yer4 ki9tel.,

THE GOLD REGIONS.
' The discovery of go!d iu Queen Charlotte's Island,
one of tho British possessions north of Vancouver's
Island, has been satisfactorily established. A report to
that effjet was mentioned in the lest American papers,
ard its accuracy is confirmed by atlyiets reeeeved in
London.. It appears that the Hudson's Bay Company
having been informed of this probable existence of depo-
its in that quarter, dispatched a brigantine 'called t!-Ie
Una, with a small crew, to Englefield Bay, on the west
sido of the island (tbe spot indicated), and that after a
short march an extremely rich vein of quartz was laid
°Pee. The vein was about seven inches in width at the.
surface, and its course was feorn the shore to the inte-
rior. The party had no means of obtaining any spe-
cimens except by gunpowder, but they eucceeded
iu extracting some considerable pieces, which are
now on their way to Englaud, aell which aro alleged
to contain, as well us could be estimated, 11U. of
pure gold in every 71h. of ore. In the course of
their operations they penetrated to a depth of about
two fee:, and found the vein more valuable us they
deeeended. The island is inhabited solely by
who ale' both numerous and ferthid;ole; and, although
they are generally friendly to the Hudson's Bay people,
it was not censidered safe for a small number of persons
to attempt any lengthened operations. A knowledge of
the value of' the gold seems to have been acquired by
them, and they watched The prdeuse of blasting, rreshioA.
forward in a crowd after each explosion to seram/e for
the fragments, until the cffieer in charge of the execdi-
, (len deemed it advisable to withdraw to avoid the
chances of a collision. The weather at tile time was
it o uufavourable to a lengthened stay, and on her re-
turn to Fort .Victotie, Vaecouver's Island, the vesmel
was driven ashore at Neah Bay, in the Straits of Juan
da Fuca, At:ether and stronger party haverehowcver,
since been dispatched, and in a short time a report of
further explorations may b 4 anticipated. Queen char-
'lotzt4- Deland • tiriid-Vancouver's ISI and are both -ntiltun-
tainous, and from the similarity of their formation it
would seem probable that if one is found to be rich the
other may possess a similar character.
The subjoined letter from Captain Stanley Carr re-
fag to the state and prospects of the emigration
movement in connexion with the Australasian gold-
fields :

" Sir,—On reading one of the Times' articles of the
23d instant I reproached myself for not having hitherto
borne my testimony to the good conduct of the Ragged
School boys' sent to Port Philip during my residence
there by the Earl of Shaftesbury; and, in proof that
those objects of deep commisseration would, if judici-
ously selected, be willingly employed by the settlers
there, I enclose a letter of the Ist of August last, from
a respectable magistrate of the Portland Bay district,
requesting your attention to the following passage
I should be obliged if you would procure me some of
Lord Ashley's lads, apprenticed for three or four years,
not. under fifteen years of age; I will give them 101., the
first year, 14/. the second, and current rates afterwards.'
I should have sent them away some weeki since, but
round with regret that they were not eligible for a free
passage, nnder the stringent regulations of the Emigration
Commissioners, prescribed, I presume, by the Colonial
Government under very different circumstances. The op-
portunity of doing good in two ways would have been
lost had I not
heard from a valued friend that he had also
been disappointed in the same official quarter respecting
boys he wished to send
.to Australia from the Bristol
Ragged Schools; which disappointment, however, affords
me now the pleasure of forwarding them to Portland
Bay at his expense. There are surely others equally
distinguished by high station, and munificent generosity,
who could unite in practically extending the valuable
principle (originated by the philanthropic Mrs. Chii-
holm) so frequently and so ably advocated by you, and
who also think with us, that every human being who .
draws his first breath within the bounds of glorious
empire, while he cannot be born a slave, neither should
be be allowed by the State to be born a bejgar. The
destitute of both sexes, whose only crime is poverty,
have just claims to be aided in their removal from dis-
tricts of her Majesty's dominions where food and employ-
ment are difficult to be obtained to those other regions
where both are never wanting, and where they might
soon repay all the cost that had been incurred for them.
ad vae ce a.

" This committee, and their friends in the colonies,
whose interests they have undertaken to promote, would
gladly place their advice, assistance, and experience at
the disposal of such an association; and to whom we
think we could suggest modes of proceeding which would
prevent loss of the principal or interest of the necessary
" isle feel bound to express the opinion, that any
amount of emigration which has lately taken place, with
the view of supplying the demand for labour in Austra-
lia, is utterly inadequate to its purpose; as we believe
that 20,000 men are now at the diggings in Victoria,
15,000 of whom have been diverted from their ordinary
industrial occupations, the remainder being from South
Australia and Van Diemen's Laud. To replace thiw
by emigration, in conformity with the regulations of the
Government Commissioners (who very properly equalize
the sexes), would require at least 100,000 • six:Ate
adults,' which would only put matters in the state in
which they were last year, leaving the subsequent de-
mand wholly unprovidod for. Most of the men arriving
at Relbourne and Geelong, for some time to come, will
doubtless go at once to the almost boundless gold-fielchi,
within two days' walk of those towns, leaving the agri-
cultural and pastoral districts, which should supply food
for the miners and the unusually increased population,
as destitute as before.

" From •the apparent apathy in some quarters, tho
importance of this subject in a national point of view can
scarcely be appreciated. We apprehend, however, that
if emigration to the Australian settlements be not
speedily taken up in some really efficient manner, so as
to maintain the preponderance there in the hands of the
British and German population (now second to none in
loyalty), those magnificent territories may bo overrun by
a ruffian rabble from the coasts and islands of the Pa-

cifio, who, supplying themselves with the sinews of war
without limit in the granite ranges of the country, could
give more trouble than anything ever experienced at the
Cape, and ultimately relieve the mother country from all
interest in affairs which appear to be at present too far
off to attract the attention they demand.
" I remain, &c.,
J. ►STANLEY CARE, Chairman.
"Committee of the Australian Colonists,
11, Poultry, March 27."

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
We exclaim, " the Miniature Exhibition of the day,"
as we notice every successive week the novelties of science
and its application to arts and manufactures so ably
expounded in the lectures and so well represented in the
museum of this institution.
The present novelty is the invention of Messrs. Glynn.
and Appel, being a patent paper to prevent forgery and
piracy by the anastatic process. This subject is treated
his
by the professor of chemistry, Mr. J. H.
Pepper, in
usual popular and happy style, and the informationawe_st
conveyed is well adapted to raise inquirdythe ng
public
bankers, printers, engravers, publishers,
anroventi"i °f
in general, who are interested in the pco_ying en-
forgery. Some years since a new mode of I'
pp Bracco under
gravings, bank-notes, &c., made
originally
now residing
the name of " the anastatic process,ts
by Rudolph Appel, a native of Silesia,
the prise medal. of the
in Gerard-street, Soho, to whom
one of this process
Exhibition was awarded. The appearance
invented
name, signifies a raising
takes its origin from the, Greek,
and the process cer-
tainly a reproduction, a resurrection;
greet
ra:factual process was ex-
number of speci-
mens
rews,eraen
exhibited r
periodicals..
o dic
ao
lfs. copies.f,
hibited most amusingly I, the last number of Punch,
plate,
transferred to the zinc plate,
and a sheet of which was
and copies presented to
was
thus clearly shown to
be
The anastatic process
of diore
utubh,
dangerous in " the he"d°- in Threadneedle-street
P
sootwi:
Old rAdY r persons. We
eadneedle-street might
even thought the
yeas
twinge on beholding this aggres-
sivepossibly feel a irert_
jug an honest face, but, thanks
to
style of imit Appel, the
Messrs. Glynn and paper, or rather the
pulp, in its first stage, may be so prepared with a eibin with fatt viz • '
me-
tallic salt, co ymatter, , with one of
h tofthe hosp a e
copper, a P ,
b the
taking a eel)) y anastatic process is prevented;
directly an engraving, common type, or a cheque printed
..11 this paper is placed on the zinc plate, decomposition
ofu the salt of copper followed by electro-chemical
effects, occurs—a film of' metallic topper is precipitated
on the surface of the prepared paper, which fairly sticks
the print to the zinc plate; it is consequently spoilt,
and the forger or pirate punished, by the loss of his
note or whatever he may be attempting to copy. The
audience received the lecture with great enthusiasm and
appeared thoroughly to understand that all persons
were interested in checking the circulation of forgeries
as much as bad money. Messrs. Glynn and Appel
kindly assisted the Learned Lecturer, and were, with
Mr. Pepper, most polite in answering the numerous
questions of those who crowded round the lecture table
atter the conclusion.
!'---
N N

.EW 4 OVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF MARGARET
MAITLAND. —The new story of Scottish life, entitled " Adam
Graeme of Mossgray," by the Author of " Margaret Mait-
land," " Merkland," &c., is published this day by Messrs.
Colburn and Co., and may be had at all the libraries. Also
Just published :-2. A second edition of Mr. Warburton's
" Darien." 3. The Perils of Fashion. 4. Adventures of a
Beauty, by Mrs. Crowe. 5. Hearts and Altars, by Robert
Bell, Esq. 6. Emily Howard,- by Mrs. Dunlop. 7. The
Heir of Ardennan, by the author of Anne )ysart. 8. Jacob
Bendixen, by Mary Howitt. 9. Ravenscliffe, by the author
of Emilia Wyndham. 10. Ruth Garnett, an Historical Ro-
mance. 11. The Livingstone!, a story of Real Life. 12.
Falkenburg, by the author of Mildred Vernon. Also jast
ready " Aurelia," a novel.

FOREIGN NUTMEGS.—A complaint having been
made to the Lords Commissioners of her Majesty's Treasury
that nutmegs, the produce of British possessions, are charged
with the high rate of duty of 2s. 6d. per lb., while nutmegs
the produce of the Dutch possessions are erroneously treated
as " wild nutmegs," and passed at the low rates of duty of 3d.
and sd. per lb., their Lordships have directed Mr. Hamilton,
one of the Secretaries to the Treasury to acquaint the
Commissioners of Customs that they are of opinion, having
fully considered the reports made on the subject, that no
further quantity of nutmegs should be allowed tolbb.e, de-
livered at the low rates of duty of 3d. and P
cept such as are bond fide "wild nutmegs." d.blietr.that the
duty of 2s. 6d. per lb., legally leviablec phould be demanded
,iu all Clitaers.

WOOLWICII, APRIL 3.—The whole of the officers
and non-conunifsioned officers detached from the other
regimenti or d pots of the refOlitits stationed in Ire-
land th tt had not previously sent detachsnunts to
Woolwich to be instructed in the use of the Minis or
new pattern riff ,-3 musket, under the uuperintendeeee of
Mr. Brownrigg, of the Grenadier Guards, arrived at
the garrison here to-day, and will commence practice
in the Royal Arsenal on Monday, April 5.
The following is a list of the detachments from the
head-qu,rters < r clepc,ts of the ad:.!it.ontll corps ordered
to receiv, irtorttetion in the use of the new tom
2d Queen's Royal Regiment of Foot, from the depot at
Kinsale.
3d Buffs, from the depot at Castlebar.
6th Foot, front the depot at Netwgh.
9th Foot, from head-quarters at Glway.
17:r. Foot, from h‘i.sd-cicartrs at Dut.:!iii.
31 Foot. from heso-quarters at FAJO.44illea..
34. h Foot, from the depot at Mulliogar,
40q1 Foot, from head-quarters at Tevapiemore.
41st Foot, from the dep,t at Boyle.
43d Foot, from the depot at Buttcsant.
47th Foot, from the depot at Tem/Amore..
49th Foot, from the depot at Waterford.
521 Foot (light infantry), from head qusrters at
DAIL°, •
55th Foot, from the depot at Tralee.
57th Pow, from he:id-quarters at Kilkenny.
59th Foot, from the depot at Fctmoy.
60th Kin's R 0.701 R:fla Corps, 2d battalion, from the
depot .t Naas.
63d Foot, from head-quarters at Limerick.
66,h Foot, from the depot at Youghal.
68 h Foot. from the depot at &rr.
71st Highland Light Infantry, la battalion from head
glifietW'S at 11€:wry.
731 Foot, from the depot at Londonderry.
74th Foot,‘fron3 the c!epot at Charles Fort.,
89th Foot, from head-quarters at Cionmel.
91st Foot Ist battalion, from head-quarters at Belfast.
92d Highlander,,, from the depot at Carlow.
The atove mei-ins a total of 26 officers and 52 non-
commissioned oiliors, and when they have completed
their course of in,truetion, detachments from the whole
of the corp in Ireland will here a knowledge of the use
of the Mir. 6 rifle.

ROYAL ARTILI4RE
GENERAL ORDtII.
Deputy .4.djutanti'aenertl's-office,
lireelwich, Marc,' 27.
The Master-General and Board, by letter, dated
March 26, 1852, have signified that, on their represen-
tation, the Lords Commissioners of her Majesty's Trea-
sury have been pleased to sanction an increase of 2d. per
diem to the pr"sent maximum rate of 7s. lud. per
diem aa the half or retired pay of quarter-master of
Royal Artillery. _

li. D. Ross, Deputy Adjutant-General.
Quarter-master William Perkin, retired from this
branch of the Ordnance service on March 31, after being
nearly fifty years in the corps; ten and a half years of that
lengthened period he held the rank of quarter-master.
Quarter-master Sergeant John Cass, of the Ist batta-
lion' is promoted to be Quarter-master, vice Perkins,
dated April 1, 1852.

GENERAL ORDER.
Deputy-Adjutant-General's Office,
Woolwich, April 2.
Her Majesty has been pleased to approve of Colonel
Charles Cornwallis Dansey, C. 8., being placed on the
staff of the army serving at Gibraltar, with the view of
commanding the Royal Artillery in that garrison, vice
Colonel Cator.

H. D. Boss, Deputy-Adjutant‘General.
Lieutenant-Colonel Griffin is under orders to proceed
to Hong-Kong, to take the command of the Royal Artil-
lery at that station, in the room of Lieutenant-Colonel
Tomkyns, deceased.
Lieutenant-Colonel Savage is appointed to the com-
mand of the Royal Artillery at Pigeon House Fort,
Dublin, in the room of Lieutenant-Colonel Griffin.
Lieutenat-Colonel Fraser has taken the command of
the 12th battalion, and Lieutenant-Colonel Wingfield,
the 9th battalion.

PLYMOUTH, APRIL 3.—Major-General Sir John Rolt,
K.C.B , having been appointed to the command of the
troops in the western district, and to act as Lieutenant-
Governor of Plymouth, Licutenant.General the Hon.
Murray, C. 8., issued the following district order:—
" In relinquishing the command of the Western Dis-
trict, Lieutenant-General Murray returns his thanks to
the officers, non comtnirsioned officers, and soldiers for
their good conduct. His ecknowledgments are more
especially due to the commanding-officers of corps, and
to the heads of departments, and to the staff, for the
assistance that they have given him in carrying on the
duties of her Majesty's service. There is, however, no
description of troops that have been placed under his
orders—whether of the Royal Artillery, the Line, the
Royal Marines, the Yeomanry Cavalry, or Enrolled
Pensioners—which has not, according to its opportuni-
ties, discharged its duties to his entire satisfaction. It
cannot be expected that the merit of troops can be seen
in the same conspicuous point of view on the home ser-
vice as it would be on foreign. But there have been
times when the troops in the Western District have been
called upon for the discharge of important duties in the
maiutenaneo of the pudic peace and the preservation of
public and private property. Upon such occasions not
only have they obtained the commendations of their
military commanders, but have also elicited the un-
qualified praizo of the civil authorities for their zeal,
discipline, and forbearance. The Lieutenant-General
has, to the best of bis power, promoted the welfare of
those entrusted to his charge, and he takes leave of them
with deep interest in their future success."

BELFAST, APRIL 2.—Major-General Thomas, C. 8.,
has arrived at his station here, and assumed tho com-
mand of tho troops serving in the Belfast district. This
officer was promoted to his present rank from colonel,
on the 9th of Nov., 1846.