The Sun.
London, England, 1864-09-03 00:00:00

W. ALFRED MELLOWS CONCERT'S
EVERY EVENING, at Fight.
r.OYAL ITALIAN OPERA HOUSE, COVENT-GARDEN.
GRAND VOLUNTEER NIGHT.
Mr, Smalley (for this night on y) ; Mdlle. C. Patti ; Fierr
Bartvigson, Mr. Levy, Mr. W. Wiaterbottom, Bonnie
&eau, and Ali Ben Sou- tile. The " Faust" Selection.
chestra of One Hundred Performers, and the Band of the
Coldstream Guards.
Conductor, Mr. ALFRED MELLON.
es.,re, One
Promenade, Amphitheatre Stalls, and Amphith
Shilling; Dress Circle, 2s. ed. ; Private Boxes, £1 Is. and
Von d.
Monday meat, a VERDI NIGHT.
nce of M. Arban, the
On Wecinesd ty night, First Appeara
celebrated French k_ornet-a-'olstons.
On Thursday next, the Second BEETHOVEN NIGHT.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.—
Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining.
Paddy
THIS EVENING, BORN TO GOOD LUCK.
0' Rafferty, Mr. Dominick Murray.
After which, TIIE r:TREETS OF LONDON. Messrs.
yiuing, J. W. Ray, D. Fi her. D. Murray, J. Nelson. 11.
tikorrester. Mellon ; Mrs. Henry Marston, Miss Emma
ga..nett, and Miss rainy Gwynne.

N'w THEATRE-ILO YAL, ADELPHI.-
64W Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. ‘Cebster.
Tars EVENING, MY WIFE'S MAID. Mr. J. L. Toole
and Mrs. Alfred Mellon.
Followed by A WOMAN OF BUSINESS. Messrs. J. L.
Toole, Billington, and Mr, Stirling.
Atter which, THE HEN AND CHICKENS. :Meimms-
ssrs BD.-
fronton, Phillips, Eburne ; Mrs. Stir ing, Miss 1
S
'Jo conclude with THE ACTOR'S RETB.EAT. Messrs.
J. L. Toole, P. Bediord, R. Phillips, and .Nils Woolgar.
Commence at '77________

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_ __—
COALS.—The lALLES HAL L COMPANY'S
COALS.
Direct from their own Collieries.
Marquis'. 23s. per ton. I Double 205. per ton.
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JOIIN SCOTT, Sole! aent.

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HIGH WATEI. AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tins DAY.—Morning, 3h. 20m.—Afternoon, 3h. 33m,
o-kfo aow.-Moraing, 3h. 51m.—Afternoon, 4h. 4m,

t!if** •

LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPT. 3, 1864.

In spite of the disappointment and delay occa-
sioned by the catastrophe at Leicester, Mr.
GLAISIIER has jest published an account of the
twenty-second balloon ascent, which he has safely
accomplished. Although as yet the science of
meteorology is but in the infancy of its development,
we have good grounds for anticipating that rapid
progress will be made. The philosophers and men
of science of this age have no longer the difficulties
to contend with which fettered the energies and
cramped the ambition of the wise men of old. The
nature of their labours is promptly recognised, and
in many cases they succeed in obtaining that offi-
cial assistance and encouragement which is seldom
accorded to merit in other walks of life. With re-
gard to meteorology more especially cur authorities
are inclined to be favourable, since it is a science
which especially concerns the welfare of a mari-
time nation. Already the information diffused by
means of admiral FITZROY'S signals has been pro-
ductive of great good ; and, unquestionably, the
more we know of the ordinary course of storms and
hurricanes, and the better we can understand their
forewarning symptoms the more will the risks of
the sea be diminished, both to life and property.
All scientific knowledge to be accurate must be
based
,upon experience. It is easy to descant upon
marvels that exist only in words if w e give no cor-
responding proof of their existence, Dr WHEWELL,
in his admirable " History of the Inductive
Sciences," has shown how the early Grecians blur'.
dared from seeking to make facts fit to words,
instead of seeking for words to express facts. Their
speculations were daring, their hypotheses most
ingenuous, but they were all, or nearly all, based
upon error, because they sought rather to lay down
the law to the schools than to verify their supposi-
tions. But they did good service in their way, if
it were only by teaching their scientific brethren
humility and caution ; and now-a-days, if we ad-
vance less confidently, we do so more surely. The
plan of conducting meteorological observations in
the upper air is a bold and striking one, and gives
us reason to hope for some substantial results.
Coupled with the information collected in all parts
of the globe by oar vessels at sea and our represen-
tatives on shore, the experience thus acquired will,
we trust, furnish some data for the guidance of
naval officers and ordinary mariners. As so large
a proportion of the lives annually lost at sea
are lost in the immediate vicinity of our
own shores, partly from the natural
dangers of the coasts, partly from the im-
mensity of our shipping, any additional knowledge
we may obtain resp2cting the sudden changes and
fluctuations of our own atmosphere will beextrernely
valuable. Mr. GLAIPAIER'S narrative is most inte-
resting. He left the earth at six minutes past four
in the afternoon, and reached the highest point-
-14,000 feet—at ten minutes to five. The first mile
was reached in fourteen minutes, the second at about

the same rate, the remaining distance cectining
sixteen minutes. There was no wind when the
balloon reached the greatest height, and it remained
at about the same altitude for more than a quarier
of an hour, during which time its occupants had a
clear survey of the world beneath Were. There

they were, two miles and a half over cur heads,
looking down at the mighty whirl cf the modern
Babylon, which at that distance sunk into very
mortifying insignificance. Deptford, Greenwich,
Woolwich, the docks, the river, were all distinctly
visible. Greenwich Park, a small ar.d neatly laid
out garden, with narrow walks, a grey speck for
the Observatory which gives i'Lsitime to the world ;
Blackheath, so proud of its villas and gardens, a
small bars waste; and all 'our lofty buildings and
monuments and towers on a dead level
with th© river Thames ! It really is almost
too much for a Londoner to hear with
equanimity. One small comfort there is in the fact
that the steamboats were just perceptible, and the
train, a tiny child's toy, was also seen moving.
That dismal shriek, too, which pierces our brains,
and sets our teeth on edge as we pass a railway
station, frights even the stillness of the upper
world from its propriety. It is a consolation that
our energy can make itself heard even in the land
of clouds and cumuli, although it must be confessed,
not in the most pleasant position ! Here and there

the smoke of London dimmed the view, and the
horizon was misty, but for miles and miles
around the eye could reach, and Mr. GLAISHER
describes the general effect of such a survey by the
light of a declining sun as most beautiful. There
was little wind when they left the earth, but at
8,000 feet it was felt freshly ; at 13,000 feet it
was quite calm, and Mr. GLAISTIER was able to
take several sets of vibrations of a horizontal meg-
net as well as if he had been on the earth, and
ascertained that the time of vibration has un-
doubtedly lengthened. The temperature varied
from 78 degrees to 281 degrees. The temperature
of the dew point was 451 degrees on the ground,
and below zero at 13,000 feet. The air was most
humid at 5,000 feet, both in ascending and descend-
ing. Many other interesting observations were
made by Mr. GLIISTIER, whose great energies
in the cause of science have suffered no
diminution. He had the disadvantage of going up
in the old balloon, which Mr COXWELL has had the
trouble and expense of entirely refitting with net-
tinge, car, hoops; &c., as all his experiments were
destroyed at Leicester, along with the new balloon
which he had constructed expressly with a view to
Mr GLAISHER'S observations. It contained 10,000
more cubic feet than the present balloon, and was
just brought into proper condition for high eleva-
tions, after several trial trips by Mr GLAISTIER and
Mr COIWELL, It is to be hoped that all who are
concerned in the despicable outrage at Leicester are
by this time heartily ashamed of themselves. Con-
sidering the delay put in the way of scientific expe-
riments, and the injury done to an uaoffending in-
dividual, it would be no work of supererogation if
the Foresters contributed handsomely to repair the
damage inflicted under cover of their name, and at
their festival.

There is no institution more admirable in its style
than that of the National Lifeboat. It is one which
pre-eminently deserves attention and calls for sup-
port from all classes that can aid its efforts. There
can be no doubt raised as to the efficacy of its services,
and the need of its assistance is patent to all ; and
if one country more than another should possess
such an institution it must be England, whose con-
nection with the great waters has long been a time-
honoured fact. It is very satisfactory to find that
the benefits of this Society's extensive information
will be extended to France, for the French Govern-
ment, with a discernment that does them infinite
credit, have made several arrangements lately with
a view to profiting themselves by the experience
and knowledge. Three lifeboats are being built
for the French Government, under the superinten-
dence of the Institution. A captain of the Impe-
rial Navy has been instructed to visit the Institu-
tion and some of the lifeboat stations, so as to be-
come, in a measure, acquainted with the mode
adopted by the Society on the coasts of the United
Kingdom. Also at some of the French ports the
valuable rules of the Society towards the restora-
tion of the apparently drowned are being translated
and circulated along the coasts. All these things
are really important in their way, because they
prove that a beginning is being made, and we can
only trust they will go on and prosper in their ad-
mirable attempt at valuable learning. The Horse
Guards have obtained from the Institution an addi•
tional supply of its new instructions for the cure of
the apparently drowned, and intend to distribute
the same " in every hospital and barracks of the
British army at home and abroad. It is very
gratifying to notice thus the increase of the dis-
semination of valuable knowledge, for there is
nothing so distressing as to witness or hear of
lamentable accidents occurring, end there being no
means of applying the resources of science to the
aid of the sufferers. The more widely diffused
the general principles of such knowledge becomes
the better will it be for the community ; and the
authorities in all places should pay particular heed
that due circulation be given to the valuable infor-
mation referred to. Along the coasts, banks of
rivers, docks, &c., the rules of this society are
almost indispensable, and it will be very desirable
if all who have the means will use their efforts
to promote the circulation of such invaluable ad.
vice as these rules impart. The new lifeboats des-
tined for various spots along the coast have been
conveyed free of charge by the railways. This
is greatly to the credit of the companies, and sets
a good example that others should not be slow to
follow. Rewards were voted at a meeting of the
society, lately held, to various persons who have
distinguished themselves by the rescue of ship.
wrecked individuals, and one of the tributes is out
of the common. The silver medal of the institu•
tion was voted to a young lady who had saved the
lives of two lads by her spirited exertions. This
is a good example to other ladies to exert them•
selves when opportunity offers, sinee in cases of this
kind immediate help is what is required. Alto-
gether it is a most interesting theme to dwell upon
this National Lifeboat Institution, and all who
rightly understand its requirements will rejoice at
its success hitherto, and trust that earnest and un-
remitting encouragement will enable it to increase
in the extent of its usefulness, for i❑ the character
of its services it needs no improvement.

It is most painful to peruse the acccuats about
the Circassians. It would really appear as if the
Russians were determined upon proving to the
world how barbarous and savage they can be, and
all sentiments of humanity seem far from them. It
would be bad enough in all conscience to drive these
unfortunate tribes from their homes without adding
to the ejectment all the atrocities that skill can
devise or cruelty perpetrate. There can be but one
object in all this--,to extirpate, so far as practicable,
the unhappy race, which has had the misfortune to
offend the sovereign power of Russia. That arbi-
trary rule must he supreme, and whenever it pleases
the mighty CZAR, to fix on a place or people to come
under his sway, there is nothing to expect but death
and destruction. Tte savages could not surpass and
seldom do they equal the doings of the subjects of
one who calls himself a Christian Sovereign. To
drive these Circassians from their fortresses, the
Cossacks went to the most extreme lengt'ns—burnt
the crops, set fire to the villages, and thence drove
fortia the inhabitants to the water egel where

they had to wait till vessels arrived to take them
away. What possible reason can be given for such
fearful and wanton cruelty, it is positively incredible
to contemplate. The women and children were
thrown into the boat in the most barbarous style;
added to this, the ruthless agents compelled all per.
sons who could to pay for their passage, al-
though the Government had declared that
they would provide the means of transport free of
cost. Of course, the motive of this was to render the
condition of these outcasts as deep3rate as possible.
The more who required relief on strange shores
the better, as then the probability was that on its
arrival numbers would perish from cold and want.
It is seldom that such an outrageous thing as this
Circassian exodus has occurred in history, and it is
well fur the credit of the world that such should
be; human nature is disgraced by such a oceed.
ing, and it is a stigma on the people who perpetrate
it that no time can efface. It really seems as if
the Russian Government were trying to emulate
the most savage conduct that has ever been heard
of, for their new resolve is that only one or two
ports shall be permitted as points of egress, and
thus the wretched tribes at a distance from these
spots have to perform a journey of two or three
months' duration, before they can reach the
goal. In many cases winter will overtake these
travellers before they arrive at their destination.
Really, it seems too bad that such things should
be tolerated, but the police nowadays in vogue
allow the most extraordinary latitude to barba-
rism and cruelties of all kinds. Russia, in thus
conducting the Circassian clearance,, is committing
fearful sin, and the laws of divine and human jus-
tice alike assure us that such crimes must call down
a heavy retribution. It is a mournful sight to
behold a great country, and a powerful people
thus outraging the first principles of humanity,
and going back to the darkest days of the world's
history for a model of their conduct, if, indeed,
they are not, in some measure originating cruelty
efter a fashion of their own.

Gallery of Illustration.

The success that attended Mr. German Reed's

" Opera de Camera" last year has induced him to
repeat the experiment, and this season he comes
out with still greater force, produciog two
operettas, each of which met with the most genuine
success. The first, entitled, "The Sleeping Queen,"
is an entirely new and original composition by Mr.
Balfe, but the libretto is an adaptation of a Parisian
piece, the chief incident of which is well known on
our stage. It is as follows :—Philippe de Aguilar
(Mr T.Whiffin) has fallen in love with Irene, Queen
of Leon (Miss D'Este Finlay son) and the Queen of
Spain has fallen in love with Philippe. The Regent,
her prime minister (Mr. R. Wilkinson) has fallen in
love with Donna Agnes (Miss Poole), her maid of
honour, but Donna Agnes has not in the least
fallen in love with the Regent. The Queen falling
asleep over the Regent's dry repetition of affairs
of state, is seen and kissed by Philippe. The Regent,
who hates him, recalls the law by which it is death
to touch the Queen, and urges on his fate with ma-

anions haste. He has, however, two women to
plot against, and, of course, succumbs. Having
made an assignation with Donna Agnes, the Queen
assumes her mantle and personates her, and the
poor Regent commits himself the offence which in
Don Philippe he had found so extreme, and the
Queen so pardonable. The Queen vows his own
fate shall be the sanae:as Don Philippe's, and he is
obliged to sue for the life he was before so anxious
to sacrifice. The Queen consents, and bestows her
hand upon the young gentleman whose enterprise
and elan are so much to her taste,

The music is pretty and tasteful, one or two o

the pieces being more especially so. Amongst
these we may mention a charming serenade "The
noontide dream," sung by Mr Whiffin, and " Only
a ribbon," sung by our queen of ballad-singers,
Miss Poole. Taken as a whole, however, it will not
add another laurel to the wreath already
won by Balfe, as the sweet strain of melody for
which he was once so celebrated is in a great measure
wanting in this, his latest production; but, notwith•
standing, many of the pieces will doubtless be-
come great favourities witu the musical public.
" Too many Cooks" is a very humorous little affair,
and an adaptation by Mr Reed from the work of
a celebrated German composer. In this Miss Fin-
layson appeared much more at home than in the
previous piece, and, as she was well supported by
Mr Shaw and Mr Whiffin, the performance gave
unalloyed satisfaction.
We have to congratulate Mr Reed upon the suc-
cess of his new entertainment, which has been pro-
duced with all that completeness and taste which
marks everything done at the Gallery of Illustra-
tion.

Mr Richard Evans, for some time well-known in
the Row, died lately at St. Helen's, in Lancashire,
at the age of 86. A correspondent of the dihenceuna gives
from personal knowledge the following particulars of his
life since retiring from London :—Mr Evans was formerly
in ' the Row,' and succeeded sufficiently by bookselling to
induce him to retire from business ; subsequently he and
his sons became colliery owners, and last year, when I
dined with the old gentleman, who could tell his story and
cut his joke pleasantly, and who seemed absorbed in the
book he read, the firm owned some 25 locomotives, waggons
by the hundred, pits by the dozen, houses, farms, schools,
and buildings, as though they were princes. They paid in
rent to Sir R. Gerard £5,000 a year, and bo Mr W. J. Leigh
£4,000 a year—their machine shop for repairs was large
enough to embarrass many a machine-maker. I was fairly
bewildered with the magnitude of everything around me.
The old man died much respected ; one of his last acts was
to make a provision to build a handsome independent chapel
at Haydock. Fortunes are made in the Row, but not
always to such an extent as in this instance."

A BATTLE FIELD.—A writer in the Index says :
—I went yesterday to visit the battle-field of Cold
Harbour, where the Yankees are said to have lost 12,000
men. The battle had raged there about a month ago, and
yet the ground was strewn with the corpses of Yankee sol-
diers festering in the broiling sun. The carnage must have
been awful, for, within the space of about ten square yards
I counted no less than 30 dead bodies clothed in the Fede-
ral uniform. In some cases the flesh had been gnawed
away and the skeletons alone remained. On some parts of
the field the dead were literally heaped up like stones.
Perched on these mounds of human putrefaction were the
sleek and sluggish buzzards of Virginia engaged in hideous
orgies. Like the shoddy contractors of the North, they
too have grown fat on the war. This last campaign of
Grant's must have met with their approval, for never has
the army of the Potomac supplied them with such copious
meals. Accoutrements and muskets were lying about in
all directions, mixed up with cooking utensils and every de-
scription of de'bris. Notwithstanding. these indisputable
signs of a precipitate retreat, Grant and his employers have
the unblushing audacity to claim a victory at Cold Har-
bour. The scene of desolation was heartrending : fields
which before this deadly struggle were covered with waving
crop are now trampled under foot and devastated; the
houses in the vicinity are battered down and abandoned ;
and the poor farmers will have nothing to gather this year
but Yankee carcases mowed down by Southern musketry.
TIIE BLESSEDNESS OF BOOKS.—How, during that
agonising period which intervened between my
proposal of marriage by letter to Jemima Anne, and my re-
ception of her reply, should I ever have kept myself alive,
save for the chivalrous aid of the Black Knight in "Ivan-
hoe," To him, mainly, assisted by Rebecca, and (I am
bound to say) by that scoundrel Brian de Bois Guilbert,
are my obligations due, that I did not—through the extremi-
ties of despair and hope, suffered during that interval—
become a drivelling idiot. When her answer did arrive
—in the negative—what was it which preserved me
from the noose, the razor, or the stream, but Mr
Carlyle's " French Revolution." In the woes of poor
Louis Capet, I forgot my own; in the just indignation of
his unhappy wife, I ceased to dwell upon the cruel
manner in which Jemima Anne had 'led me on;' and,
finally, in the narration of Carrier's IVoyad29, that false
maiden sank from my memory, wholly ' scuttled,' so to
speak, in the tide of rushing Loire, Who, having a grate-
ful heart, can forget these things or deny the Blessedness
of Books ? . . . :Nay, under far more serious circum-
stances, when disappointment has lain heavy on my soul,
and once when ruin itself seemed overshadowing me and
mine, what escape have I not feund from irremediable
woes in taking the hand of Samuel Johnson (kindly intro-
duced to that great man by Mr, Boswell), and hearing him
discourse with wondrous wisdom upon all things under
heaven, sometimes at a club of wits and men of letters,
and sometimes at a common tavern table, and sometimes
even in an open boat upon the Hebridean seas.—Chamber's
I lornaii.