The Sun.
London, England, 1852-05-06 00:00:00

mained till two at night, when he accompanied Mr. Gore
as his orderly, in the jacket and cap of an English Ma-
rine, and without shoes or stockings, and with his
daughter Manuelita in man's clothes, to the beach,
where the boat of a French merchantman took him
off to the Locust, which immediately got up her
steam and conveyed her precious burden to the
flag-ship, the Centaur, lying about three miles off.
Such was the inglorious exit of the South American
tyrant; a dictator whose power was more absolute than
that of the Russian Autocrat, or of any earthly ruler,
Such was the issue of the battle of Monte Caseros,
in which, it is said, upwards of 50,000 men were en-
gaged, a larger number, perhaps, than ever asiniin-
bled in America on one field since the days of the
Avec princes. The results were—the complete dis-
persion of PbOilllS'i cavalry, the capture of all his in-
fantry and artillery, his own ruin, and the freedom
of the Argentina Republic. Of this large army it is
not thought that more than 200 were killed and 600
wounded on both sides, U,qu as having strict orders
to make prisoners, not to kill except in case of resist-
ance. The cavalry of the conquering army pursued the
routed enemy close up to the city, but they did not enter
it. The troops spent the night in Sautes Lugares (a
town of soldiers' huts, built by Roses in 1836), and
headquarters wore established at Rosaa's quints of ra-
lermo. Thos much for the battle.

Tuesday night, as I said, passed quietly in town.
On Wednesday morning, at eight o'clock, a body
of Urquiza's cavalry came to the fort, to whom Man-
zilla surrendered the city, he himself, to the intense
disgust of everybody, giving the signal of exultation
for the downhill of Rosas, his brother-in-law and
benefactor, by crying out, " Long live Ur-
quiza! Death to the tyrant Rosas!" The cavalry
then turned and went out again to head-quarters.
About ten o'clock the town seemed to be in a state of
great ferment, caused by a report that the soldiers were
sacking it. The excitement increased every instant,
the alarm-bell of the Cabildo (town-hall) rang out
incessant short peals, and people were almost
universally alarmed. It appeared that some of
the routed cavalry had remained in the outskirts
of the town during the night, and at daybreak had
commenced breaking into the shops in the parts re-
mote from the centre, and stripping them of their con-
tents, alleging that Manzilla had given them authority
to plunder. About nine o'clock the marauders began
to come into the centre of the town; some were really
Urquiza's soldiers ; others, the great majority, were
Rosas'a men, who had assumed Urquiza'a badge (a piece
of white calico passing over the head and shoulders,
worn above their red coats, the only difference between
the opposing troops). The frightened people, sup-
posing that they were really Urquiza's men, and that he
had given them license to pillage, and ft taring that if they
resisted murder would be added to robbery, offered no
opposition, The locks of many shops were blown off by
the musket, and the contents carried off. In two of the
principal streets there was scarcely a silversmith's shop,
in particular, which was not ransacked. This went on
for some time, and it looked as it the town was going to
be sacked, when about eleven o'clock the American
marines, at the door of their Consul, shut down two men
who were pillaging a shop in their neighbourhood.
Then the tide began to turn. During the previous
night Manzilla, having given up the command, nomi-
nated a commission of four of the more respectable
citizens, to whom he resigned his powers, aid
advised them to treat with Urquiza. Tney
wrote out to him a statement of the condition
of the place, and requested him to take measures for
the preservation of tranquillity. He immedia ely sent
a reply, nominating one of the commission (Dr. Lopez,
President of the Chamber of Justice, once governor fur
a short time, a man of more than 70, and universally
respected), Provisional Governor, with Lull powers to
form a provisional Government until the representatives
of the province could be assembled to form a regular
Government.

About 10 Lopez issued a decree, requiring the militia
to reassemble at their respective guerdnouees and patrol
the streets. Persons were also invited to apply to the
polies-office for arms and assist in protecting prop rty.
Another decree denounced the punishment of death to
alt found rubbing. About 12 a division of Urquize'e
men, which Lopez had written for, came into the town,
and the effect of all these measures was immediately ap-
parent. The militia and many foreigners patrolled the
streets, and every man or woman whom they found rob-
bing was immediately seized, bound, and conducted to
the Policia, where be or she was allowed a quarter of an
hour for consideration, and then shot. Any who at-
tempted to escape were shot down in the streets. (This
lasted till the Thursday night; and it is supposed that
upwards of 400 men and women thus expiated their
crimes.) It was an act of fearful but necessary severity,
for, had the mischief been allowed to go on un-
checked for another hour, there is little doubt but pil-
lage and murder would have been universal; the
soldiers, encouraged by impunity, and maddened by
drink, would have hesitated at no crime, and the whole
city would have been plunged in misery; but from
this sad condition God, in His mercy, preserved
us. F. and I were out nearly all day, and visited
several English families. The heat during these two
days was most intense, the thermometer ranging higher
than it had done during the summer. During the day
and previous night those who thought them-elves most
compromised. especially the chief officers of Roses. took
refuge in the Centaur and other English and French
vessels of war.
On Thursday morning the town was perfectly quiet,
except from the noise of incessant salutes fired by
the ships of war, and returned by the fort. Many
of the people went out to Palermo to Urquiza during
the day, who received them very graciously. He
issued a proclamation to the people on this day, con-
gratulating them on the downfall of their oppressor
and tyrant, " the monster Roses," and announcing
a complete amnesty to all, except R teas, and those
Argentine troops who, having been engaged with
Oribe in the siege of Monte Video, surrendered to Ur-
quiza, in October, 1851, promising never to bear arms
against him, and which promise, when they came over
with him to this place, some of them broke and
went over to Roses. Those he declared to be
outlaws, and to be put to death wherever they
were met with. Some of them, including General
Santa Colonia and General Chilabert, were ;lot by his
orders. F. end I called on the new Governor, Lopez, at
the tort on Friday, but he was of course too much en-
gaged to be able to see us. On Saturday F., T., H., and
I rode to Palermo, and were introduced to Urquiza.
He shook hands and conversed with us for a minute or
two, and we then left. He is a short man, rather stout,
about fifty, dressed with great care, with patent leather
boots, &c.—rather more like a dandy than we expected to
see; the expression of his countenance is rather deter-
mined than benevolent, and more animal than intellec-
tual. Soldiers were encamped in all directions; the
grounds of the quints (formerly so carefully attended to
that men were actually employed to cleanse every leaf
of the orange trees from dust with a tooth brush) were
occupied by men and horses, who trampled it down in
all parts, and I fear will inflict lasting injury upon it.
We saw on the ground the bodies of two men who had
been shot.
During this day all sorts of stories were afi ,at in town
respecting discoveries which it was said had been made
of Rosas's atrocities; as, e. g., that a mine contain-
ing 700 barrels of powder had been discovered under his
town house; which ho supposed Urquiza would occupy,
and had given direction for it to be fired. These
700 dwindled down to a quantity simply sufficient for
the defence of the house in case of attack. Another
report was, that like the Roman Emperor of old, he had
left a paper in his own hand writing pith the names of
intended victims in case of his being victorious. Among
them were the names of many English and other
foreigners—item, that he had promised his soldiers, if
conquerors, three days' plunder of the town. Another,
that a number of human skulls labelled had been dis-
covered at the quints. This last account was true; for
the others I can't say.
These reports had the natural effect of increasing the
popular irritation against Roses and the general desire
that he should be conveyed away as quickly as possible.
The Government had made representations to Mr. Gore,
complaining that Roses was allowed to remain in sight
of Buenos Ayres, and on this day (Saturday) the En-
glish merchants met, and appointed two of their body,
to communicate with the Admiral and request the im-
mediate deportation of Roses, as his presence in the outer
roads was exciting hopes in his adherents of a counter-
revolution; and it was reported that Mr. Gore, who
had been off twice to see Roses, had conveyed
letters to his partisans. The eldmiral replied
that, since Mr. Gore had sent off the Lccust
on Wednesday morning; to Monte Video to catch
the packet, he had only his own vessel (tee
Centaur) at Buenos Ayres, the presence of which
was still necssaey for the protection of British interests;
but that immediately another vessel arrived Roses
should be sent away to England. Accordingly on
Monday morning, the 9th, the Centaur took him and
his son and daughter and one or two others to Monte
Video, where they put them on board her Majesty's
ship Conflict, with orders to proceed to Bahia,
where it was hoped they would overtake the
packet; if not, they were to go straight to England.
No doubt, therefore, you have heard of him before this.
It is reported that Roses and his daughter had not even
a change of clothes, and only a very little money. He
declared that he had not taken a farthing out of Buenos
Ayres, but many maintain that he has very large sums
in the English funds.
Every day eitizsns who bad been proscribed and ban-
ished by Roses returned to their country. A provisional
Administration of souse of the be,t men WAS formed,
and every day decrees annulling Roses's infamous laws
were issued, and restoring the liberties of the people,
which for twenty years had been taken away. On Sa-
turday, the 14th, F. and I, accompanied by an Italian
gentleman named Pellegrini, rode out to the battle field.
The ground for some miles in the neighbourhoiodtlroyi
the battle field was strewn with relicsh
of
deadmli and
clothing, either stripped from
wounded, or cast away by t °the fugitives ;
bayonet, gunstocks, and barrels, scabbards, spears,
sad cuirasses were also lying about in great numbers.
Of these we brought home several, and i ha.ve
cuirass, several bayonets, Sic., as
no)icin times.
Aboutmemorials
Ayreans,tt
itehse
greatest battle fought in Ainmearilcl a in 3 um(
About 100 dead bodies
for the Brazilians and Urquiza had removed theirs)
lay in different directions over the fi Id. About 50
bodies of those who had been killed in defending the
house of Monte Caseros lay in front of it, having been
taken out. Considering the long time that had elapsed,
their appearance and smell were not so bad as would be
supposed.
Human hair and gore covered the steps
leading to the tower of the house, and these were very
offensive. Cannon-balls, bullets, and a few discharged
rockets, showed where the line had been, but, excepting
that the grass was entirely trodden down, there was
little to show that so many men had there con-
tended. We returned to town through the encampment
of Santos 9 Lugaree, which was now entirely deserted.
'
Urquiza men had broken into every bongo and robbed