The Sun.
London, England, 1864-10-06 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 6, 1864.

It SONS SEEKING LANDED
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Mr. Disraeli at Salthill.

Tho annual dinner of the Royal South Buckinghamshire
Agricultural Association took place at Salthill yesterday,
Mr C. J. Palmer in the chair. Among those present were
the Right Hon. B. Disraeli, M.P., Mr Harvey, M.P., Major
Gen Hood, Rev W. P. Marryatt, Mr G. W. Tromper, Mr
Holds, &c,
After the customary loyal and patriotic toasts,
Mr TROMPER gave " The County Members," and in the
course of his observations remarked that Mr Disraeli, in
his speech the other day at Aylesbury, had described farmers
and farming in a too roseate hue. The returns from wheat,
the staple article of their produce, was most unsatisfactory,
and this year their turnip fields were in a very miserable
condition. He was told that one effect of the right hon
gentleman's speech was that wheat fell 2s—(a laugh)—but
he was sure that was a result which Mr Disraeli did not
wish. At this moment beans, the food of beasts, were pro-
ducing a higher price than the great article of human con-
sumption. He also dissented from the proposal of the right
hon gentleman to cross Downs with Cotswolds.
The toast was drunk with great cordiality.
Mr DISRAELI, in replying, said—Mr Chairman and
Gentlemen, I thank you for the very kind manner in which
you have received the proposal of my health—not the first
time offered in this room, and always receiving from you
that cordial welcome which is my best encouragement in the
performance of my duties. (Hear, hear.) I have always
felt great regard for this part of the county, in which my
earliest years were passed, and I still think that the man
who rides through the Vale of Chiltern rides through the
finest part of English scenery, and one which recalls our
ideas of old English scenery more than any other part of the
island. I should have been glad on the present occasion
to confine myself merely to thanking you for your re-
cognition of me as one of your members, and I did not
except that I should be called upon for the very arduous
duty of reply until, at least, the 4th of next February. (A
laugh.) But Mr Tromper has thought fit—and no man
from his long experience was more entitled to do so—to
make some remarks upon the observations which I recently
made before a portion of my constituents in another part of
the county. I am sure you will allow me very briefly to
notice those observations, and I am apt to think upon reflec-
tion that you will be of opinion that my views are not so ill
founded as Mr Tromper would lead you to suppose. With
regard to the character of the present harvest—a very grave
question, upon which no one ought to speak with levity on
thoughtlessness—l certainly formed my opinion from in-
formation which reached me from almost all parts of the
country. From that information it was my opinion that
we had a very fine harvest and, as regards that part of
England in which I am most interested—namely, the
county which 1 represent, I had some individual means
and some personal opportunities of obtaining information.
I listened and observed in the Chiltern hills, in my
own immediate neighbourhood, and from what I learnt
and observed I thought the harvest had realised the
character which it had received in the greater part of the
country. (Hear, hear.) I did not mean to say that all our
crops have succeeded. I cannot recall a harvest in which
that result has occurred, but I thought that the general re-
sults of the harvest were highly satisfactory. I visited the
northern part of our county and our celebrated central vale,
and all my opportunities of observation led me to believe
that the ordinary character which was given to the harvest
was sound, and that it was abundant and successful. I con-
fess, however, I made one mistake. I was remiss in not visit-
ing the extreme south of the county, but thu reason was this
—I found that all parties agreed that the cereal crops were
I most abundant, and knowing what they were in the district
in which I lived, and learning what they were in the valley
of Aylesbury, it never occurred to me that in the extreme
south, where there is a piece of corn land inferior to few in
England, laid out most conveniently in ample and admirable
fields and cultivated by some of the most skilful farmers in
the county—l say it never occurred to me that in the land
of theTrompers, the Nashes, the Alridges, and the Pullens,
there had been such a complete and absolute failure. (Laugh-
ter and cheers.) There I confess I made a great mistake.
I have learnt again what I have often learnt before, that
you should never take anything for granted—(a laugh)—but
such was my confidence in the soil, such were my recollections
of Cippenham farmers, and such was my knowledge of the
men whom 1 had always looked to with confidence as nay
constituents, that in the general abundance of cereal crops I
believed that they would produce results equal to that of
any other part of the country. And from what I have seen
to-day I cannot believe—even after the Demosthenic in-
vective of Mr Tromper—that this favoured part of the
county of Buckingham has been struck with that barren-
ness to which he has alluded. (A laugh.) Indeed, when I
listened with attention to the speech of my friend, I dis-
covered towards the end that it was not so much low pro-
duction as low prices that he complained of. (Laughter and
cheers.) Gentlemen, I honestly admit that I cannot secure
you high prices. I once supported a system—as did also a
great majority of the gentlemen connected with the cultiva-
tion of land in this country--which might have had that
effect ; but that has been now universally given up by the
country, and I don't think that she will be called upon to
secure high prices in that way by the skilful farmers of
Buckingham. Mr Tromper stated that at this moment food
for men commands a lower price than food for beasts, and
asked—what are we to do? I will tell you what to do— pro-
duce food for beasts. (Hear, hear.) Your business as traders
is to get a good return for the employment of your capital,
and, although I regret that the admirable cereal produc-
tions of this part of the country do not command a price
which can remunerate the grower, still, if you consider that
what is only intended as food for beasts will give you a
larger price, as commercial men you have only one line" to
take under the circumstances. But I must refer to state-
ments which, if I eannot contradict, it may cost me the
honour of representing you,—namely, that these unhappy
observations which I made to your fellow-constituents at
Aylesbury absolutely lowered the price of wheat 2s. My
friend Mr Tromper, who is a cautious man, said that he only
heard it ; but he had an ardent supporter behind him, who
stated that it was quite true. (Laughter.) I have rarely
seen so serious a charge made; and I do not know upon
what authority the protentious conclusion has been arrived
at. No, I should say myself that the results of my ob-
servations at Aylesbury, if I had any intention upon the
subject, must have been of a contrary tendency. If any
person of authority, who is supposed to have the confidence
of some part of the country, announces that the harvest
has been so prolific and abundant that it has seldom been
equalled, the foreign importer would begin to pause, and
ask what was the use of sending his produce to an island
where he was told there was so good a harvest. I
should therefore say that if I had not ma de that speech
the price of wheat would have sunk 4s instead of 2s.
(Loud laughter and cheers.) The third charge against
me is that I recommended my friends at Aylesbury to cross
their Downs with Cotswolds. ,What have we heard against
that proposition? An immense deal of declamation, but no
facts, no data, are placed before you, which should make
you for a moment give any conclusive opinion. An hon.
friend of mine, who represents a sister county—who gene-
rally, when I have made some after-dinner remarks, follows
me with some very grave observations—(a laugh)—has
made some reference to the views which I offered upon that
occasion. Mr Walter, above all men that I know, has the
happy art of making the most oracular observations in the
most oracular manner. (Laughter.) He has doubts—grave
doubts—of the justness of my observation, but his only an-
swer is an a priori one. Everybody takes it for granted
that if the Downs of this county are crossed by a Cotswold
ram then immediately the meat will grow coarse and in-
ferior. But has anyone proved that? I have heard of gen-
tlemen, and 1 believe there are gentlemen in this room, who
have tried the experiment, and 1 have been told by them
that the result is very different from that which irs an-

Bounced without any proof whatever. If you cross a flock
of Southdowns with a Cotswold ram the effect upon the
meat is not of an appreciable character, bat what is the
effect upon the fleece? Why, suppose you get 5s more for
each fleece that you produce, and that your flock amounts
to 300, then, in these days of agricultural desolation, de-
scribed by my friend, you will find that at the end of the
year a profit of 5s on 300 fleeces forms an item not to be de-
spised. Nobody supposes that you are going to cruss like
as many cousins intermai rying. (A laugh.) You must
cross with discretion, and you will find that a ewe with
a black nose will never propagate coarse moat. (Hear.)
I have now gone over the Salthill indictment. I ap-
peal to you with confidence whether I have not replied
to those charges which have been brought forward.
(Cheers.) I feel confident that, in a very short time,
you will be all of my opinion, that it has been a good
harvest. My test of a good harvest is this—why
is there not a great importation of corn ? (" There
is !") If there were a great importation of corn at the pre-
sent moment, it is impossible to describe the injurious effects
that it would have upon the public et edit and generally upon
the public property of the country. It ought to be some con-
solation to the farmers of this country that by their skill,
under Divine Providence, they have produced such abun-
dant cereal crops that at the moment when the credit of the
country was in a most delicate state, and when it was strained
to its utmost, they have saved us from a commercial collapse,
the effects of which would have been of a most deleterious
and dangerous character. (A Voice—What thanks do they
get for it?) Our farmers may be proud of their position, and
ought to feel a great sataactien that the crops ,ahich have
been produced under their skill has preserved the country
from one of the most severe and serious panics that probably
ever could have occurred in England. I will now, before I
sit down, refer to the circumstances under which we meet.
This society has had very great success, and at no time has
it been more prosperous than now. These local societies
have spread all over England, which is au undoubted proof
of their popularity and success. The principle upon which
local associations of this kind are founded is of an inesti-
mable character. The local sentiment in man is the strongest
passion in his nature. At this moment there are English-
men in Australia, in India, in China, and in America, toil-
ing will' all ttat enterprise of which Englishmen are alone
capable, learning languages that were never heard of, and
entering into speculations of the most hazardous and difficult
character. Why are they making all these exertions? Why,
that they may spend their last years in the home where
they were born. This local feeling is the parent of most of
our virtues. It is the best security for our liberty, because
it is the greatest opponent of undue central authority.
It is without doubt the purest source of our domes-

tic affections, which are the most salutary basis of all
good government. But although I entirely appreciate these
local sentiments, and although societies like this should not
only be maintained, but multiplied, still, like all other good
things, they have some attendant disadvantages. Local
sentiment if too much indulged tends to contracted views of
many circumstances and subjects. 'While therefore I wish
these societies to pursue their course in this important
county, I would increase the area of competition on el the
subjects that interest our agricultural world. The right hon.
gentleman then suggested, with the object of carrying out
this view, that the Royal Buckinghamshire Agricultural
Association, instead of always meeting atAylesbury, should
meet at various parts of the county, and resumed his seat
amid loud cheers.

Mr HERVEY, M.P., also briefly acknowledged the toast.
A number of other toasts were given, and the meeting
separated.

Cotton Supply Association,

At the usual weekly meeting of the executive com-
mittee, held on Tuesday, Oct. 4, a letter was read
from Salonica, reporting that the last advices from
the interior were somewhat unfavourable, the con-

tinuance of drought and the stormy north-west wind
which had prevailed for some days having damaged
the cotton plant, but the opinion formed by the writer
. .

!rom personal observation is that there will be double
the quantity of last crop. The taxes and tithes are
_ _

said to be gathered most arbitrarily, no doubt against
the express orders of the Porte. Cultivators have

been known to sell their green crops at ruinous rates

po meet the exactions of the tax collectors. The

opinion is expressed that nothing could be more

tt.a. Ottvaaa.aaa at
every one, without distinction of nationality, to buy
landed property in his own name. By that means an
immense quantity of neglected land would be richly
cultivated, and its value increased tenfold, while the

revenue would be enriched in proportion. Some time
ago the several ambassadors at Constantinople re-
presented to the Sublime Porte the advantages that
would accrue from allowing foreigners to possess
landed property in Turkey ; and, after a full discus-
sion, it was decided in the affirmative, but nothing
more has been heard of the matter. The late Go-

vernor of Macedonia Usni Pasha, has been appointed
Governor-General of Monsstir. His impartiality

in the administration of justice, and his severe treat-
ment of abuses, will, it is expected, put an end to
the numberless brigan
that province has been the scene. He is described
as one of the best officers of the Porte, and one who
dages and robberies of which

feels a real interest in the welfare and progress of
his country, A confident hope is therefore enter-
tained that trade with the interior may be carried on
without the least apprehension. A letter was received
calling attention to an article in the Journal de Con-

stantinople, urging the necessity of an extensive
use of American seed, and of the complete relief of
cotton cultivation from fiscal burdens on the land,

as essential to the full success of cotton growing in
Turkey, and its continuance when the day arrives
for competition with America. A letter was read
from Buenos Ayres, stating that a quilt has been
forwarded to the Association, made from wild cot-
ton, which abounds in the province of Corrientes,
and in that unknown territory, the Gran Chaco.
:Millions upon millions of pounds of the raw mate-
rial from which this quilt is made could, it is said,
be gathered at the most trifling cost, but no one
recognises its value or cares to look after it. A
sample of the wild cotton is also forwarded. A
despatch, forwarded by the Colonial.office, was re-
ceived from the Lieut.,Governor of the Bahamas,
on the progress made in the cultivation of cotton in
those islands, and enclosing a report upon this sub,
ject from the police magistrate of the district of
Long Island, which, with St. Salvador, constitute
the principal cotton growing islands in the colony.
The former has an area of 135 square miles, with a
population of 2,571, and the latter has an area
of 101 square miles, with a population
of 2,378. Besides the efforts of some
native inhabitants of Salvador in cotton culture, it
has been further stimulated by an English come
, the shrubs of which
from fever. In Long
cnultivatioic has far ex-
ceededpany, whose agent lived sufficiently long to see a
considerable number of acres, by his indefatigable
ewx e e
Islandrret ii
hs blossompl
d
all the expectations that were formed. In.
success
nt e v
when
of
ent
chho con,
to
diedot
nt o
stead of 130 acres being planted, as was the case
when the last report was furnished, there are at
present between 900 and 1,000 acres. The island
is literally covered with cotton fields of various di.
mensions. An instance of success in the case
of one person is given which has stimulated
others to imitate his example. Ha planted cot•
ton in March of last year, and had no assistance
but that of his own children, except for
one day, when he hired a man for 2s. He
sold his cotton for £125, being more than he had
received from anything else for the last six years.
Great scarcity of labour was experienced both at
Lung Island and Rum Cap during the whole of
1863, and still continues. Formerly an adequate
supply of labour could be obtained from the adja.
cent settlements, but the labouring portion of the
population (almost all of whom are proprietors of
small portions of land) now find it more profitable
to grow cotton themselves. The difficulty may be
obviated to some extent by immigration. The
greater portion of one of the largest islands in the
islands in the colony, Inagua, is the property of the
Crown, and well suited for cotton, which was grown
there when slave labour was available. It has an
area of 657 miles, with a population in 1861 of only
994 persons, which number has since decreased
rather than otherwise. The difficulty experienced
by the present scarcity of labour might it is thought
be remedied by an immigration of the poor white
population of Barbadoes, who are not equal
to the heavy work on the sugar plantations, but
could undertake the lighter work required in cotton

cultivation. They are of European descent, already
acclimatized to a tropical climate, intelligent, moral
in their habits, and have frequently large families.
Probably £5 a head would be the expense of pas
sage and outfit. The upset price of Crown land in
the colony is 108 the acre. A letter from Tortola,
West Indies, states that the weather has been very
favourable, and that a fine crop of cotton is ex
petted. A letter was read from Chingleput,
containing details of some experiments made by the
writer with Peruvian and other cotton seed, and stat-
ing his intention to forward a bale of cotton shortly
to the association. Copies of a Franco-Prussian
treaty of commerce, signed at Berlin on the 2d of
Aug. 1862, and of the treaties and tariff, the result
of negotiations with certain States of the Z Alverein,
with a view to the promulgation of the term for which
that union was contracted, were received from the
Foreign-office; and also a translation of that part
of the new trade law recently promulgated by the
Swedish Government, which regulates the right of
foreigners to exercise trade or any other branch, of
industry. Samples of cotton were submitted for
examination from Venezuela and Montserrat. A
grant of seed was made for experiments at St.
Thomas, West Indies. Mr. Consul Skene, from
Aleppo, had an interview with the committee, and
communicated valuable information respecting the
cotton-growing capabilities of his consular dis-
trict, in which there appears to be encouraging
prospects of still further progress.