The Sun.
London, England, 1864-06-27 00:00:00

Commence at 7.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.-
Sole Lesee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining.
THIS EVENING will be performed a new and original
Drama, by R. Slous, Esq., entitled LIGHT AND SHADOW.
Mr. D. 11.1.urray, D. Fisher, J. W. Ray, J. Nelson, &C.; Alias
Stafford and Afiss Caroline Carson.
After which, the new p:ay by John Oxenford, Esc! , THE
MONASTERY OF Sr. JUS r Messrs. Vining, H. M
ton, J. Nelson, J. W. Ray, H. Mellon, W. Robins, . Seyton,
Chapman ; Mrs. H. Marston, and Mdlle. Stella Colas.

EW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.—..
Sale Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster.
THIS EVENING, SHAKSPERE'S HOUSE. Mr. J. L.
Toole, 31r. R. Phillips.
Followed by THE DEAD HEART : Robert Landry
(his original character), Mr. Benjamin Webster, ,nppo:ted by
Messrs. A. :•tirling, J. L. Toole, T. Stuart, eau! Bedford,
B llington ; Mass W oolgar (Mrs. Aured Mellon), miss Kelly,
- _

Afterwhiefi, THE AREA BELLE, with a Norrible Tale:
Messrs. J. L. Toole, Y. Bedford, it. Itomerifliss Woolgar, and
Mrs. IL Lewis.

Commence at 7.

ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE, under the
Management of Mr. B. WEBSTER.
Crowded with rank and fashion.

Re•engagement of those ce ebraced and popular artistes, Mr.

ani Mrs. Charles Mathews.

Amongst the artists engaged will be found the popular
Runes of Mr. Benjamin Webster, Mr. Charles Mathews. Mr.
Frank Matthews, Mr. J. L. Toole, Mr. J. Clarke, Mr. P.ul
_Bedford, Mr. 'F. Robinson, Mr. Ashley, M. J. Johnstone;
Miss Herbert. Mrs. Frank Matthews, Miss H. Simms, Miss
A. Cottrell, Miss Fanny Josephs, Miss Patti Josephs, Miss-
Wentworth, Mrs. Stirling, and Mrs. Chas. Mathews.

EVERY EVENING,—at 7, A SHEEP IN WOLF'S
CLOTHING. Mrs. Surling, Mr. J. (larks, and Mr. F.
Robinson.
-

----------
At S, the Comic Drama of USED UP. Messrs. C. Mathews,
Ashley. J. Johnstone, Montague, W, Chamberlains ; Miss
Patti Josephs, and Mrs. Frank :►tatthews.
At 10, LITTLE TODDLEKINS, Mr. Charles Mathews,
Mr. and Mrs. F. Matthews.

To conclade with BRISTOL DIAMONDS. Mr. and Mrs.
Frank Mathew', Mr. Ash ey. Miss Wentworth.
In Rehearsal, FAUST AND MARGUERITE. An Im-
morality, by F. C. Burnano, Esq., in which Mr. and Mrs.
Charles slathews will appear.

pIRIS BONNETS for JUNE.—Messrs. JAY'S
Manazer has his day returned from Paris with an
ts.,ortment of thc most elegant and fashionable Summer
Bonnets. selected from the magaslus of the first houses in
that city.

T •
JAY'S,
The London General Mourning Warehouse,
217,219, and 251, Regent-street

June 3,1864,

NOVEL STYLE in FRENCH BONNETS..—
French faslfon has produced Bonnets for this month
of a light go samer texture, which aecummodate the present
style of wearing and displaying- the lady's heir. They are of
the most exquisite variety, and, though still adhering to the
favourite colours of black, white, and neutral, are entirely
remodelled in shape, size, and substance.

SpeLially imported from Paris for
JAY'S,
The Lem.lon General Mourning Warehouse,
247, 249, and 231, Regent-street.

COALS.—The LILLESHALL COMPANY'S
COALS.
Direct from their own Collieries.
Marquis' ...... .239. per ton. I Double.. ..20s. per ton.
Top 225. „ Deep 2ls. „
Well screened and delivered within Jive miles of their De-
pots, Westbourne Park-road, W., and 17, South Wharf,
Paddington, W.. and Maiden-lane, N.
Best Coke lss. per chaldron.
Terms cash.
JOHN SCOTT, Sole Agent.

TIHE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN,'
IL Containing the Latest SPOUTING INTELLIGENCE,
an be had Every Evening of
G. R. GLENIE, NEws AGETST,
No. 4, Connan,ght-terrace, Hyde-park.

The Weather—Sun Office, June 27, 1861,

--.0---

THEIZMOMETER.

This day at Two o'clock - 60

Barometer-30.02.

WIND —N.W. ; moderate breeze and fine, but cloudy
at timcs.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, 7a. 40m.—Afternoon, Bh. 14m
To-mounow.-Morning, Bh..43m.—Afternoon, 9h. 18m

~~~~~~~
'~

I.l4l`rk nit
era.g.".pai. • NI,

A ci

LONDON, I‘.IONDAY, JUNE 27, 1864.

lune rapid extension of• railway works in the
metropolis has bad cue in2portent effect which must
not be overlooked in the annoyance consequent upon
the deterioration of property or the gratification
attending improved facilities for traffic. It has prc-
duced other results less apparent, perhape, to the
upper classes of society, but no less deserving of at-
tention. The demolition of houses consequent upon
the passene of the lines through the densely packed
streets of London has sensibly diminished the
amount of h°11" 2centanaoistion available for the
poor, End of that necessary of decent life there was
already a deficient supply. Our philanthropists
and social reformers arc beginning to turn their
thoughts seriously in this direction, being fully
aware that preaching and good adviceare alike
thrown away—that the icfieenee Or education and
moral training is lamentably counteracted 1,
-3r the
squalid rooms into which two or three families are
often huddled together. The Eirl of DERBY has
busied himself in securing to the labouring classe,,
the right of railway travelling at the lowest pos-
sible rate, bit much remains to be done in providing
decent houses for those whose occupation or neces-
sities keep them within the bounds of the metropoli,
and its immediate suburbs. The scandalous condi•
tion of the dwellings of some portions of our agri-
cultural population has lately been much discussed,
and some severe strictures were deservedly passed
on the neglect or indifference of landlords, bui
Londoners must not exempt themselves from blame
if they fail to encourage end assist the work of pro-
viding homes for the metropolitan artisans and their
families. There is much being done in this way by
various associations and by private benevolence.
One of these societies held its general meeting the
other day, when the report of financial returns, the
statistics of the number of houses, Sec., was read.
It is satisfactory to find that this benevolent asso
elation was able to pay a dividend of 3 per cent. to
the shareholders, besides carrying a balance of
£2OO to the guarantee fund. This is doubly
gretif -t
it's,n because it not only preserves those
charitable personswho have invested their money
in such an undertaking from pecuniary lose, but i(
tends to substantiate the assertion that improved
dwellings for the poor can he made to reit:anent
their owners and beccn. e scif.supporting. There
will always be foued benevolent and liberal persons
to come forward and build model dwellings and
iodgieg-houses, but if e whole system cf house
accommodation fcr the poor is to undergo that
reform which it imperatively demands, it must be n
matter of hueinese, and not of charity. Philanthro-
pists will always be the exception, and we cannot
suppose that even a considerable fraction of the
metropolitan householders will make their own
interest subordinate to the good of their fellows.
We cannot reasonably anticipate that men will lay
out money in repairs and alterations, and enter
Upon a losing speculation in the ordinary way of
business, and, therefore, it is of the highest im-
portance to make our plans practical as well as

philanthropical, with a due regard to the pocket of
the landlord, as well as to the moral and physical
wellbeing of the tenant. There will always be
much that benevolence alone can do, and surely the
riches of a charitable man can find few more praise.
worthy outlets than the improvement and embel-
lishment of the homes of the poor. It is one of the
happy privileges of wealth that it can afford to dis-
regard the monetary returns which are so valuable
to other men, and thus some of the model dwellings
can lay claim to attractions which many houses of
a far higher standing have no pretentious to, In a
very interesting pamphlet, recently published by
the Society of Arts,* we find an account of various
experiments made throughout the metropolis with
regard to improved dwellings, model lodging.
houses, &c. Mr. TWINING, a member of the Colin-.
cil, has, at his own expense, collected all available
information as to the results obtained in a financial
as well as a sanitary point of view, by the societies
and individuals who have occupied themselves in
this matter. It was thought, with justice, that
such information would supply most valuable aid in
farther proceedings of the kind, by showing what
contrivances had proved most effectual in " render-
ing sanitary and other improvements acceptable to
the poor and remunerative to builders and capi-
talists." This combined result is the great object
to aim at, since it is useless to construct model
dwellings an such a plan as to disgust those who are
intended to occupy them, while, on the other hand,
it is, as we have said, imperatively necessary to
make them remunerative investments if we hope to
see them supply in any degree the wants of our
labouring classes. It is by no means impossible to
unite these two objects, and in many parts of Lon-
don model dwellings have succeeded in every point
of view. What are called the renovated dwellings are
naturally more profitable than new houses,as so much
preliminary expense is avoided, and, in one instance,
that of the Charles-street renovated lodging-house,
belonging to the Labourers' Friend Society, returns
of from 12 to 15 per cent. have actually been ob-
tained. This is the more gratifying, as the locality
is one of the worst in London ; and it is, therefore,
somewhat surprising to find that a lodging-house
conducted under strict regulations should prove a
profitable speculation. This is not, however, always
the case, since the Peter-street Lodging-house, in
Westminster, has during the last few years been a
decided loss, so that it will not do to base too
favourable anticipations on the returns of the
Charles-street experiment. Lodging houses natu-
rally present a great difficulty in the necessity of
enforcing some rule as toshours, Bes., which the
migratory and vagrant class who patronise them
may be unwilling to submit to; besides, in less
select houses, liberty is allowed as to card-playing,
gambling, &c., that is inadmissible in the model
dwellings. Still the fact that such satisfactory
results can be attained in a neighbourhood like
that of Drury-lane is very important, and at Vic-
toria-chambers, belonging to Mr. BARRY, of Eburys
street, the manager is frequently unable during the
winter months to receive all applications. The
model dwellings for families are, perhaps, of more
importance, and of these we find several interesting
particulars in the Report we have alluded to. They
ire subdivided in the list into three departments—
urban dwellings, with external galleries ; urban
dwellings, without galleries ; and suburban dwell-
ings. The plan of galleries is ono much esteemed
by some persons, on account of various advantages
in populous districts; besides relieving the building
from the charge of house duty, as each tenement in
houses of this kind has been decided by judicial
authority to be a separate house with regard to
taxation. It is, certainly, a matter of common
prudence to adopt any plan, consistent with health
and propriety, by which the inevitable expenses
can be reduced, and it is the lack of this
kind of prudence which often makes bene-
volent undertakings so oppressively expensive.
The gallery system has great advantages in case of
fire, when accidents are too probable in houses let
out in floors. Another very excellent and practical
plan for lessening the expense of such establish-
ments is the letting of the ground floor out in
shops.; Thus in the Lisson Grove Buildings, belong-
ing to the Marylebone Association, shops are let out
at £35 per annum, thus making a material diffe-
rence in the balance sheet. The various schemes
for increasing the comfort and convenience of the .
tenants are weighed in this report, and form an
important part of the affair, since it is absolutely
necessary that the poor should be attached to the
dwellings if they are to be of any real service. It
is only philanthropists like Miss BURDETT COUTTS
who can afford to sacrifice a whole floor of a block
of buildings to club-rooms and wash-houses, but
there are many less costly ways in which the wishes
of the tenants can be consulted. What is most
urgently needed is a reform in the dwellings of the
classes whe can only afford to pay Is. 6d. or 2s. 6d.
weekly, and this is most difficult to bring about.
It is much easier to provide for the necessities of
the class above them, who can pay from 53. to 7s. 6d.,
but they are more able to get respectable places to
begin with and more likely to keep them in order.
It is the lower class that must be reached before we
can make any impression on the overcrowding and
other evils at present existing. We are, therefore,
very glad to find that the trustees of the Peabody
Fund are directing their efforts towards the eleva-
tion of this class, and their model dwellings near
he Great Eastern Railway Terminus are designed
for the lower paid rank of workmen and their
families. One great object to attain is the avoid •
ante of that overcrowding which has been styled by
a competent authority the worst of all unwhole-
some and Which is so frightfully common
whe influences, r
e
rooms
are let
out singly to families. Suet.,
Jutrag es
of
sanitary
laws
ditsheuasseLwe which
hleficat finds
bring a terrible punish-
ueut in the shape of epidemic
its nursery in these abodes, and
wealther portion of th© Population recoils upon
themselves. There is every reason for a thorough
and effec-
reform in the matter of dwellings for our labouring
classes, and the first step towards lasting
tual improvement is to consider carefully the
expe-
rience of the past in order to profir, by its successes,
and to take warning from its failures.

4' Report addressed to the Council by the Special Com_
tnittee, on the Statistics of Dwellings Improvement in the
Xetrepolis. Simpkins, 70f, Strand.

The inquest:held at Egham regarding the cause
of the deaths of the five unfortunate persons who
perished at the recent accident on the South
Western Railway was brought to a conclusion last
Friday, and resulted in a verdict of manslaughter
being found against THOMAS LEE, the engine-
driver, and JOHN TRAINER, the fireman of the
second train. We have hitherto refrained from
Commenting on the probable causes of the acci-
dent, deeming it right to await the result of the
ecroner's
inquest; but now that the verdict of the
jUry hi pronounced, we shall
proceed to make a few
remarks upon the evidence before the jury, and
which induced them to return their verdict. We
do not quarrel with their finding, for, practically,
it was the only one which they could legitimately
come to, unless they found that the collision was
accidental, and this they could hardly do. If no
more conclusive evidence of negligence is brought
forward at their trial, we do not believe that the
Gun cozMittO k 31.0 1114014 to Pppr2iwud from it, ,

As regards the company, the verdict of the jury is,
however, both just and severe, and will be received
with satisfaction by the public. After dec:aring
the engine-driver and fireman guilty of man•
slaughter, they, as it were, recommend them to
mercy by adding that they considered they
were labouring under great disadvantages owing to
the general mismanagement of the company, and
then proceed to particularise the more especial in-
stances in which this mismanagement was conspi-
cuous—namely, the want of a turn-table at Ascot;
the absence of a means of communication between
the guard and driver; and the reckless manner in
which the trains were started. In most railway
accidents where the company's servants are to
blame, it is generally among the subordinates that
the fault rests; but in the present instance, by the
evidence of Mr. ARCHIBALD SCOTT, the traffic
manager of the line, the accident is mainly attrie
butable to the too faithful fulfilment of his master's
orders. Although five minutes is but a short
time to elapse between the starting of trains,
yet provided that proper precautions were taken
there is no reason why an accident should occur.
Care seems to have been taken to provide extra
signals for the occasion, and the men employed upon
this duty seem to have performed it correctly; but
it was a great mistake, on the part of Mr. SCOTT, to
give written orders to the driver of the first train
to stop at Egham, and to the driver of the train
which followed, only five minutes later, orders to
pass through Egham and not to stop until he
reached Staines, and yet not informing him that the
preceding train-was to stop at Egham. Tae driver
may not have observed the danger-signal at the
auxiliary station; but up to the moment of reach.
ing that point, all the signals had shown him that
five minutes had elapsed since the passing of the
preceding train, and here then, although the driver
may have been guilty of neglect, surely the conduct
of his superior is far more reprehensib!e. Again,
why was there no turntable at Ascot ? Mr. SCOTT,
in his examination, gave a most extraordinary
reason. "He did not think a turntable was necese
sary at Ascot, as the only time at which it would be
used would be during the race week, when the
arrivals of the trains would be so frequent as to
prevent the possibility of reversing the engine. He
thought such an arrangement would be productive
of great danger. Although the proper way of
running an engine was tender behind, he did not
think that any danger would result from reversing
it." Why, that is the only time when it would be
required. In fact, it was the profit expected to ba
derived during the Ascot Races that induced the
company to construct the line, and its extension to
Reading was an after-thought. In reply to Mr.
SCOTT'S statement, however, Colonel YOLLAND
remarked in his observations at the conclusion en
the inquiry, that running an engine backwards, or
having the " tender in front, did not give the driver
the same power over his engine. He was sure there
could be no difficulty in turning the engines that ar-
rived at Ascot at two, and did not leave till five, pro-
vided there was a turntable erected. He dissented
entirely from the statement made on behalf of the
company that, even if there had been a turntable
at Ascot, the engines would not have been turned
on the day in question. With a proper turntable,
he repeated, he was perfectly satisfied that every
engine would be turned. He considered it most
dangerous to conduct any kind of traffic, more par-
ticularly in the case of special traffic, without using
a turntable, no matter how long the interval be-
tween the trains." This view of the case is taken
by the engine-driver, who stated that it took about
tour minutes to turn an engine at the Waterloo sta-
tion, and yet Mr. SCOTT does not think it possible
to turn an engine at Ascot, although the engines on
an average remained at that station upwards of two
hours. Mr. SCOTT'S reasons, or rather excuses,
concerning the communications between the guard
and driver, are quite as unsatisfactory. He admitted
that the means of communicatfoa was Lroken, but
that the object of the communication was to enable
the guard to call attention to any accident, such as
a wheel breaking, and not for signalling danger.
He, however, afterwards admitted that in a case of
danger it might be made use of. Such an excuse
needs no comment, It is tolerably evident that the
want of this communication was the ultimate cause
of the accident; for the guard, in his evidence,
stated that when he first saw the danger signal it
was some quarter of a mile distant, and on at dan-
ger. The speed was not slackened at the time, and
he immediately applied the break. Now, as the
speed was not slackened, it is obvious the driver
did not see the danger signal so soon as the guard
did, and this probably arose from the fact that, as
the engine was running backwards, his face would
possibly be towards the engine rather than in the
direction in which the train was moving; but in
any case, had the communication been intact, the
guard could at once have signalled him to stint off
his steam. Half a minute's earlier intimation of
the danger, a few hundred yards more gained, and
the catastrophe would have been averted. Lastly,
let us ask why telegraphic communications were
not kept up along the line. Colonel YOLLAND in-
formed the jury that, in consequence of an accident
which occurred in two following trains at Virginia
Water, the Government inspector who attended the
inquiry recommended the adoption of the electric
telegraph for signal purposes, and the company had
promised that such a system should be established
for working at any rate Ascot races traffic.
The danger of running special trains at short
intervals could only be obviated by using the
ordinary electric telegraphs or block system. The
Board of Trade had no power to enforce the use of
either of these systems. How well the company
kept their promise, the late lamentable loss of life
can show. With regard to the absence of a turn-
table at Ascot, we think that the Board of Trade
are to blame in sanctioning the opening of the line
in its absence. Here Colonel YOLLAND observed
that " the requirements of the inspecting officers of
railways varied according to necessity, aed if sanc-
tion were sought at the present time to open the
Ascot lines, no inspector would pass it without a
turntable being provided. He could not imagine
any case where a train ran more than four or five
miles in which it would be proper to place the
engine tender foremost." If it is considered unsafe
to permit a new line to be opened without the re-
quisite turntables, surely it is unwise to permit the
traffic to be continued on an old lino in an equally
unprovided state. No doubt this melancholy accia
dent may have the effect of making the managers
and officials'of railway companies more careful
generally; but it is not creditable to the existing
state of things that human lives must be sacrificed
periodically for the better security and safety of the
public.

TUE SURREY COOKING DEPOT.—On Sataday a
meeting of noblemen and gentlemen, ',resided over by the
Earl of Shrewsbury, and which was attended by Lord
Brougham and other philanthropists, was held at this
institution, established m the New-cut, Lambeth, for the
purpose of supplying the poorer classes with good and
substantial food at the lowest possible price. It was evi-
denced to their satisfaction that a substantial dinner can be
suppiied at a maximum sum of fourpence with a profit; and
a resolution was adopted to the effect that, in consequence
of the great success which had attended the Surrey Cooking
Depot, it is desirable that such depots should be established
in all quariers is London where the working and poorer
classes are congregated. Farther, it was resolved to raise
4 capita o £50,000 eUares, to effect tke Qtjectt

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

[REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.]

EARL RUSSELL AND DENMARK.
COPENHAGEN, JUNE 25, 10.58, p.m.

In to-day's sitting of the Folkething (Lower
House of the Rigsraad) the President of the Coun-
cil, in reply to a question upon the Conference,
said : " The Danish Plenipotentiaries were
instructed to accept the line of demarca-
tion of the &lila, and to agree to a fortnight's
prolongation of the armistice, should England
firmly adhere to that line. Earl Russell promised
that neither would he propose himself nor support
the propcsal of any other plenipotentiary which
would be less favourable for Denmark unless Den-
mark herself should consent to such new proposals.
Earl Russell, nevertheless, proposed in the
sitting of the Conference of the 18th inst. that
the question should be submitted to arbitration,
although Denmark did not consent to this proposal."
Bishop Monrad said, in conclusion, "I cannot
explain how this proposal was consistent with
Earl Russell's promise."

OPENING OF THE DANISH RIGSRAAD,
SPEECH OF THE KING.
COPENHAGEN, JUNE 25, 2.25 P.m.
The Rigsraad was opened to-day at noon by the
President of the Council, who read the speech from
the throne, which contained the following pas-
sages :

" The threatening crisis of the fatherland and
the expenditure necessary for the continuation of
war have caused this convocation of the Riggraad.
We have recently learned for how little the clearest
right reckons in Europe and how isolated we 4re.
We therefore acceded to the painful sacrifice of the
country south of the Schlet. The enemy demands
more, but we reply negatively, being convinced
that the people agree with us.

u May God grant that, at least in a certain place,
the sympathy for us may grow into active support,"

WEST INDIA MAIL,

SOUTHAMPTON, luNE 27.

The royal mail steamship Shannon, from St.
Thomas, with the West India, Mexican, and Pacific
mails, passed the Needles at 11.15 a.m. to-day.