The Sun.
London, England, 1864-08-08 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 8, 1864.

THE MARLBOROUGH CLUB COMPANY
/Limited,.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that this Club will be
rpened for the reception of its Members on FRIDAY, the
12th day of August. _

RATTENBURY, lion. Secretar.
Registered Office of the Company, John-street, Bedford
row, W.C.

NOTICE OF REMOVAL.
ATLAS WORKS.
HENRY CLAYTON and CO. Engineers and Iron
Founders, on and after MONDAY, the' Bth August, will
transfer the manufacture of their Patent Brick and Tile
Machines, Contractor's and constructive machinery, genettilly,
from their old works at Upper Park-plac Dorset-square, to
their spacious New "AT LAS" Engineering'w orks, Foundry,
and Offices, in the WOODFIELD-ROAD, HARROW-
ROAD, London, W.
H. C. and Co. invite the attention of Brick 3lanufacturcrs
to their recently patented Pneumatic" drying process.
Catalogues free by post on application.

VURNI 'THE, CARPETS, BEDDING, and
JI: FLOORCLOTII, CARRIAGE-FREE to any house in
the kingdom, regardless of amount or distance. First•class
goods at second-class prices. Terms peculiarly liberal to
Clergymen and Gentlemen. An immense stock to select
from, displayed in Showrcoms occupying an acre of ground.
Every article warranted.
CLERGYMEN and GENTLEMEN ABOUT TO FUR-
NISH are respectfully informed that Messrs. Cobbett and
are publishing an entirely New Edition of their un-
equalled HOUSE FURNISHING GUIDE, illustrated by4lo
ado, ^able engravings of every description of Furniture and
neusteads, with prices attached. A copy sent gratis and
post-free on application. This costly work also contains
complete estimates for furnishing on the following revised
cale

A Six-roomed Parsonage
An Eight-roomed ditto
138 1 0
A Ten-roomed ditto ........
A Twelve-roomed ditto
Together with a Price List of purified Bedding, and a mass
of valnable informatiouto all requiring household furniture,
carpets, or bedding. References kindly permitted to Clergy-
men and gentlemen in or near Great Malvern, Southampton,
Chichester, Bury, Ely, Preston, Grimsby, Ryde, Plymouth,
Wells. Oxford, Brighton, Gainsborough, Margate. Kidder-
minster, Wellington, Croydon. Cambridge, Staines, Dorking,
St. Alban's. Worcester, Ipswich, Peterborough, St. David's,
Wrexham, and above 500 other places in all parts of Great
Bratn.n.
COB BETT and CO., General House Furnishers, Deptford-
bridge, London, S.E.

THE WELLINGTON THREE SHILLING
DINNER, consisting of Soup, Fish, Made Dish,
Joint, Sweet, &c., is served from 1 to 9 p.m.
The SALOON DINING ROOMS on the First Floor are
open for Luncheons at 1 o'clock. Dinners from the Joint,
Set Dinners, and Dinners from the carte, are served from
3 to 9 p.m. daily.
On SUNDAYS the Dining Rooms are open from 5 to 8.30
p.m.
By order of the London and Paris Hotel Co. (Limited',
JOHN CATES, Manager.
The Wellington—Entrance, 160, Piccadilly.
Ladies' Entrance, 53, St. James's-street

BAIL WA"

:GENCE,

BRISTOL AND EXETER.
The directors of this company have resolved to
recommend a dividend at the rate of 4i per cent.
per annum on the ordinary stock, for the half year
ended the 30th of June last, carrying forward a
balance of £4,543.

VICTORIA STATION AND PIMLICO.
The directors of this railway company state in
their report that the station construction accounts
had at length been settled, and the balance due to
Mr Belk had been paid. Owing to the high price
of money during the past half year, the directors
had been unable to reissue the balance of the deben-
tures at a lower rate than 41 per cent. per annum.
The revenue account showed a net balance of
£7,935, out of which the directors recommended
a dividend at the rate of 51,- per cent. per annum.
The capital account showed that £491,950 had
been received, and £485,073 expended, leav
ing a balance of £6,877. The revenue account
for the half-year ending June 30 showed that
£14,417 had been received, including £2,598 from
the preceding account, and that £6,482 had been
expended, leaving a balance as above of £7,935.

EDGWARE, HIGHGATE, AND LONDON.
The directors etate in their report that the expen-
diture upon construction account since last half.
yearly meeting had been £61,248. The bill for the
Alexandra-park branch and the widening of the
line had received the Royal assent. The company
were authorised, in order to carry out those new
wckrks, to raise further capital to the amount of
£06,000. The directors recommended that it be
raised by new shares, bearing a preferential divi-
dend of 5 per cent. per annum. The Great
Northern Railway Company had signified their
readiness to subscribe .£32,000, being one-third
of the £96,000, and there would therefore
remain a balance of £64,000, Which it was
pro-
posed to issue rateably among the shareholders.
The Act for the Watford and Edgware Railway had
been obtained in the past Session, and the line would
be of great value to the Edgware Company. The
capital account to the 30th of June showed that
£6,720.
£127,615 had been expended, leaving a balance of

LYNN AND HUNSTANTON.
The half-yearly meeting of this company was held
at Lynn on Saturday; Mr L. Simpson in the chair.
The report stated that the traffic receipts for the
half-year ending June 30 amounted to £3,500, from
which, after deducting working expenses payable
to the Great Eastern Company, with interest on the
debenture debt and other expenses, there remained
a balance of £1,372 applicable for dividend. The
directors recommend a distribution at the rate
of 4 per cent. per annum, leaving £173 to be
carried forward to the next account. The gross
traffic for the corresponding half 1863 amounted
to £3,049, so that the receipts for the
past half-year showed an increase of £451
The directors added that the Royal assent had been
given to an Act for the construction of the West
Norfolk Junction line, and that the contractor had
made arrangements for the vigorous prosecution of
the works. It was proposed to erect an hotel at
Hunstanton. The agreement for the working of
the line by the Great Eastern had received the seal
of the two companies.

The CHAIRMAN, in moving the adoption of the
report, said the directors left it to the shareholders
to determine whether the dividend should not be 41
per cent,

Mr. SIIAW suggested that the dividend should be
at the rate of 41 per cant.

This WU agreed to, the report was adopted, and
Ulu inuuedings closed with a, rot.o of thanks to the
directors.

Mill.KENr.

The report of the directors of thie company states
the bill authorising the amalgamation of the Mid-
Kent Company with the South-Eastern Company
has passed both Houses of Parliament, and the
arrangements for carrying its provisions into eff, ct
will be completed as early as practicable. The
Addiscombe extension was opened for public traffic
on the Ist of April last, and the interest on the capis
tal employed in its construction became from that
date payable by the South Eastern Company. The
revenue account shows a disposable account of
£2,615, which enables the same dividend to be paid
as last half-year—viz., at the rate of 61 per cent.
per annum, leaving £l5 to be carried forward.
The balance sheet showed that £169,938 had been
expended on capital account.

t h
admitted.
1857 SOLWAY JUNCTION.
The first!ordinary meeting of this company was
held on Friday, at the offices, Victoria.street,
Westminster ; Mr. J. Dees in the chair.
The CHAIRMAN, in moving the adoption of the
report, congratulated the shareholders on the pass-
ing of the bill in its integrity. The great utility
of the line from Annan across the Solway to Bray-
tone Glasgow and South- Western Company fully
The traffic in hematite ores from West
Cumberland to Scotland had increased from 22,000
to 150,000 in tons in 1863, and had tripled
itself in the last three years. lie showed that
200,000 tons per annum would- be carried upon the
line when completed and opened, and that this
traffic alone would yield a dividend of 5 per cent.
per annum. The receipts from the usual traffic pro-
mised a dividend equal to any of the West Cumber-
land lines, which ranged from 0,
;,- to 12 per cent, per
annum. _

retiring directors
re-elected, ce tde'd
report was
,thaen
welrieheunreapnoi d the proceedings
terminated.

The French Occupation of Cochin China,

According to the Moniteur
the intelligence
brought to France by every mail from Cochin
China is far from confirming the r
aports current in
Paris last winter, to the effect that the French Go-
vernment intended to limit its Colonial establish-
ment there to a very restricted occupation. Every
act of the governor, Rear-Admiral de La Grandiere,
bears witness to the intention of maintaining
French
authority and extending its influence, u as will be
seen from a rapid mention of the recent proceedings
of the local administration. In February
- the go-
vernor, in order to prevent usury, which is the
scourge of the East, decided on founding five Monts
do Piste, being one for each of the provinces ceded
to France. As these establishments are to lend
money,at 3 per cent. per month, the current rate in
Cochin China must have been most exorbi-
tant. In April. the first careening dock, con-
structed in the Government arsenal at Saigon, was
opened ; it is 72 metres (233 feet) long, and will
admit, ordinary tides, vessels drawing 4.20 metres
(13ft. 9in). This dock has cost 70,000 fr. But the
most important event is the ratification, by the
French Government, of the treaty of protectorate
concluded last year by Rear-Admiral de la Gran-
diere with the King of Cambodia, who, when the
King of Siam threatened to annex his territory,
applied to France for protection, and
obtained it.
" The fact," says the official journal, e. is
the most
formal contradiction that can be given to those
persons who circulate alarnilvg rumours. The Go-
vernment has never had the least tieenght of re.
stricting Frenc domination in Cochin China." The
French college at Adran, confined to Catholic mis- '
sionaries, is making constant progress. The adop.
tion of the European alphabet has greatly facili-
tated primary instruction, Most of the boys now
learn as much is 10 months, as the pupils under
the native teachers can in ten years. A groat
number already read French with ease, and some
of them speak it very passably. Four of the native
boys are now acting as interpreters at the different
stations, .

The Thames Embankment.

The construction of the greatest of metropolitan
improvements—the Thames Embankment—has at
length been fairly commenced. Year after year the
necessity of such a work had been pointed out,
commission after commission, and committee after
sommittee have sat upon, and considered, and re-
ported in its favour. Martin, the painter, and Sir
Frederick 'french who sot up the molten image of
Wellington upon the triumphal arch at Hyde-park,
had called attention to the necessity and value of
the work; every tourist who had seen the banks of
the Seine had wondered why London should not
make the banks of its noble river as ornamental xis
those of Paris; travellers and merchants, and trades-
men, who had to go from east to west in the metro-
polis, and who were subjected to all the annoyance
and vexation of delays, in consequence of the
thronged condition of the streets, wondered why
the great silent highway of the Thames should not
be made available as a leading thoroughfare for the
metropolis. The necessity of providing for the
construction of the Low Level Sewer, with-
out interrupting the traffic of London for an inde•
finite period, at length brought the question to an
issue, and the Thames embankment is now some.
thing more than a vision of the painter, or a dream
of the social reformer. Long rows of piles on the
north side of the river between Westminster and
Blackfriars bridges, the thuds of falling weights
from the pile•driving machines, and the hiss and
whistle of about 30 steam engines pumping and
working upon the temporary stages; the ceaseless
line of carts that crawl slowly along Fleet-street
and the Strand, laden with the rubbish that may
now be shot into the river, bear evidence that the
work is being pushed forward with rapidity. With
respect to this latter portion of the works, these
rubbish carts are the greatest nuisances of the day,
and it is much to be desired that some wholesome
police regulation could be enforced to make them
" move on," or take some hours of the day when
the public traffic would not be incommoded.
This, however, is an improvement which is rather
to be hoped for than one to be reasonably ex-
pected, and it is a necessary evil which we suppose
must be endured while the work is in hand, for pro-
bably nothing short of a special Act of Parliament
would put an end to the nuisance. The foundations
of the river wall of the embankment are carried
down to 22 feet below high water level, or 14 feet
below low water. From the foundations to about
six feet below low water the whole space is to be
filled np with concrete. Within the embankment
there is to be constructed the Low Level Sewer, and
a subway for water and gas pipes and telegraph
wires, access to which may be obtained at any time
without breaking up the road. The Low Level
Sewer, between Whitefriarsestreet and the Victoria-
street Sewer, is to be eight feet three inches in dia-
meter, and formed in brickwork, 131 inches thick.
From the Victoria-street Sewer to Westminster-
bridge the Low Level Sewer will be seven feet nine
inches in the clear. At Whitefriars the invert of
the sewer will be six feet three inches below what
is termed ordnance datum, or 20 feet three inches
below low water; the fall in the sewer will be at
the rate of one in 2,640, or two feet per mile. The
subway to be formed above the sewer, but with an
interval of 4 feet between the bottom of the crown of
the sewer, will be 9 feet in width, and 7 feet 6 inches
in height, bringing the crown of the subvvayto a trifle
more than 2 fee; below the level of the roadway, the
surface of the embankment being 4ft. above high
water. The floor of the subterranean way, through
which the gas and the water and the electric fluid
are to be conducted, will be gravelled, and will be
sft, Gin. below high water, so that ample room will
be afforded for the workmen to walk through it, and
to execute the necessary repairs. The river wall of
the embankment is to be faced with granite from
2ft. below low water, and at high water mark there
will be some bold mouldings of granite, and the
parapet will be formed as an open balustrade at the
parts where there are steamboat piers and landing
stages. A solid mooring bar of iron will be laid
along the whole length of the embankment, and to
it will be attached 58 mooring rings, held in lions
mouths, and to which barges, steamers, and river
craft may be made fast. The dredging of the river,
on the line of the river wall of the embankment, and
sinking the foundations, are works of a very formid-
able character. The line of the face of the em-
bankment is formed in the first instance with
sufficient accuracy for the construction of the
coffer dam. The curve of the line of embankment
is about 9,000 feet radius, and it is formed by
coffees from lines taken from a pole set up
about midway between two of the bridges to two
other points on the bridges; these form an angle,
and from its sides the effects are taken at every
length of 50 feet, which determine the curve of the
river front of the embankment. In one portion of
the work, Mr Kitson, the contractor, adopts the old
form of cofferdam for getting to the foundations,
while in the section of Mr Furness caissons are em-
ployed. These caissons have an elliptical shape on
plan, are 12ft, 6in. by .7ft. outside measurement,
and have a groove Gin. in width and depth at each
end. This groove, along with a similar one in the
butted end of the next caisson, is to receive the
timber pile which forms ono of the guides to the
descent of the caissons, as well as a joint, water-
tight with packing. Each caisson is built in divi-
sions of 4ft. 6in. in height, which are of wrought
and rivetted boilerplate iron where to be below the
bed of the river, and there left in, and of cast-iron
where above and intended merely to serve the pur-
pose of the coffereclam. There is a "cutting edge"
at the bottom of the pile or stack; but the other
joints of the caisson are formed with angle-iron, or
flanges; so that the divisions can be screwed togs.
ther inside, and, with a packing of felt and tar to
the joint, can be made water-tight. The thickness
of the metal is Z-ths ; and the angle-iron
is 5 inches by 3 inches by tithe of an inch.
These caissons are raised by the steam crane. and
dropped into the intended position on the river bed,
being guided by the piles. The end pile is driven
below the bottom of the caisson, which sinks slightly
into the mud or soil by its own weight; and this
pile is kept driven in advance of the sinking, so as
to form a perfect guide. The caissons are then
weighted at the top and inside on the flanges by
numerous blocks of iron, each of which fits the curve
of the ellipse. The materials of the strata, when
not too hard, are scooped out of the inside of the
caisson by tho common contrivance called the bag
and spoon, which is used by ballast heavers. It is
simply a bag made of strong leather, and attached
to a scooping edge and a strong framework of iron.
This spoon is drawn along by a chain, and guided
by a strong pole, placed as the handle of the spoon.
A modification of the usual form of bucket has been
made by Mr Slater, one of the assistants of Mr
Farness. This bucket has a species of false bottom,
which is moved as the bucket is delivering its con-
tents,whereby there is no sticking, and no duty of
the machine lost. This improved machine also in-
cludes an arrangement for lengthening, telescope
fashion, the stretch between the centres of revo-
lution, or points of filling and delivery of the
buckets. The dredging contrivance scoops np
the gravel or other material from the middle of
the elliptical space; the material from the sides
keeps falling in, and the weight causes the
caisson to sink. Any fresh lengths of the c-asson
are built on to make up the weight required. As
soon as the clay is entered, or even when the mud
has been passed through, the caisson can be pumped
a simple contrivance, weight can be taken
draw* By
off at t ‘'e moment when the caisson shall have sunk
to the prop,‘tr depth, The labour of putting together
and sinking ante of these caissons, it has been found,
occupies a week. Of the area between the embank-
medt and the river.
side a large portion is still under
water at every tide, ,:nit this area is daily becoming
4,f offloads of earth which
less by the hundreds
we 9n this enormous rubbish
are tipped into the river

same proportion, being 1,400,000, or rather more
than a third of that of Scotland, singularly divided
in all but feeling, and tainted already alike in Jut-
land and Zealand with the Germanic element. This
little people, just the half of the Swiss in number,
resides in a country of which three-fourths is a flat
plain utterly indefensible, and the remainder islands
defensible only by a fleet, which Denmark has no
means to maintain. The Danes, we are told, may
still have au army and a fleet, for the soldiers of the
Duchies were disaffected, and their sailots very
few, and if Schleswig and Holstein waim half
the ships, as they do, some more can be built
in the Clyde. Is Ireland, then, a drawback to
our military strength ? Denmark may have soldiers,
it is true, for she may drill her whole population, as
Switzerland does; but for an army and a fleet it is
a revenue which is needed. And where is revenue
to he obtained ? No statesmen, save the English,
French, and Dutch, have ',vet. succeeded in levying
taxes to the extent of more t han thirty shillings a
Would Dowark
head, and twat Lverage