The Sun.
London, England, 1864-03-17 00:00:00

end have scarcely a bond of sympathy to unite them
to his ponical fortunes stronger than that which
urges them to look jealously upon the rising fame
of any soldi,r who threatens to seize upon dicta-
torial power, and so consign the wholo of them to
exile or to obs curity.

The Legislal :ion does not show to greater advan-
tage than the Cabinet. The Senate ostracizes patriots
like Mr. Bayard because they advocate peace, and
applauds Mr. Sumner and Mr. Wilson for insisting
on the right of negroes to ride in railway carriages
with white men. ; though they have not uttered a
syllable against General Banks for the virtual re-
establishment of slavery throughout every part of
Louisiana where his authority extends. War sub.
jugation, and extermination are the favourite themes
of the leading orator of what ought to be the most
dignified and sober deliberative assembly in the
realm ; and the senator, gray with years and ripe
with experience, who dares to mention either peace
or conciliation incurs the imputation of disloyalty, if
not the penalty of treason, for his offence. The
Lower House is as blinded as the Upper, and con-
siderably more corrupt. It is vain to look for states•
manship in the majority, and although there is still
a minority who are of opinio❑ that union is good,
but liberty better, they are without influence, and
are compelled to resort to the expedient of printing
the speeches to which nobody will listen. The recent
history of the Whisky Tax proves not only how many
of them are purchasable, but how many of them
have been purchased ; and the whole course of their
legislation on the all-important subject of the taxes
that must be levied, if national bankruptcy is to be
avoided, shows how little they comprehend the
magnitude of the struggle in which their consti-
tuents are engaged, and how slightly they estimate
the duties that in such a crisis devolve upon those
who truly represent and would truly serve ;the
people.
The aspirations and character of the soldiery may
be more briefly stated. The war has already con-
verted them into a class apart. They know that
for many years, whatever may be the issues of the
strife, the Northern States must maintain a stand,
ing army of half a million of men. They have ac-
quired to a large extent, the esprit du corps, and
under able guidance,they expect to make themselves
the masters of the country. That " the bayonets
think" is the foolish boast of men who should know
better than to imagine that such a circumstance is
other than a frightful peril to the State that em-
ploys them. The bayonets may hereafter come to
think that the destruction of the commonwealth
and the erection of a military despotism on its ruins
is desirable; and if they so think, who is to prevent
them from carrying their thought into action ?
The character of the officers corresponds with that
of the soldiery. General Banks is a dictator where.
ever the power extends—and that his power is not
slight, nor exercised with any tender regard to the
principles for which the Northern people aro sup-
posed to be waging this terrible war, is apparent
from the ease and impunity with which he has
seized hold of the freed slaves of the Southern plan.
ters, and compelled them to labour for hours es hich
he prescribes and for reward which he fixes.

General Butler, as high-handed a despot as Pro-
vidence ever permitted to afflict a community, has
gone beyond General Banks in his outrage against
all the principles which the ancestors of the Ameri-
cans are supposed to have revered long before the
first Anglo-Saxon set his foot upon American soil.
and in support of which the passengers by the flay•
flower were contented to dwell in the wilderness
and fight with savage men and savage beasts. Gen.
Banks, whatever may be said against the systena of
serfage which he has found himself forced to esta-
blish, may urge in extenuation that he could not as
a wise ruler allow rich lands to remain uncultivated
while there were hundreds of thousands of men
strong enough to work upon them, but who would
not or could not work without compulsion or guid-
ance ; but Gen. Butler, in taking the pulpit under
his management—or, as Mr. Lincoln phrases it,
"in running the churches," has usurped a power
that at any time these 200 years would have cost a
king of England his throne if not his head if he had
dared to exercise or even to claim it. Generals
Burnside, Schenck, Milroy, Hascail, and a whole
host of subordidate provost-marshals, having made
Europe and America ring with the story of their
willingness to crush out the liberties of their coun-
trymen, and of their attempts to rival the worst
atrocities of the worst tyrants whom the world ever
saw. There is no lack of such material in the Fede-
ral army. In this respect it may be urged on behalf
of the Americans that in a time of civil war, when
the military becomes the supreme power, it cannot
be otherwise; that an army is a ruthless machine,
and that unreasoning obedience to authority is the
essence of the discipline without which no army can
exist. But these are circumstances which the Ame-
ricans ought to consider before it be too late to
rescue their liberty from a grasp which will not
again relax, if it once get a firm hold, without years
or even generations of anarchy and convulsion.

The present condition of the two great parties
—the one holding and the other ettcleavouring to
attain power—is perhaps more melancholy than all
the other aspects of the hour. The Republicans
ignore and deny the principles on which the Union
was founded, and are revolutionising the whole sys-
tem of government, substituting force for consent,
centralisation for diffusion, despotism for liberty.
They are not alone arbitrary, but corrupt. They
destroy liberty for the sake of territory, and would
treat their brethren of the South as the Norman in-
vaders under William the Conqueror treated the
Saxon English. They force their political, reli-
gious, and philanthropic doctrines down the throats
of recalcitrants with the sword, and are as merci-
lessly intolerant as the successors of Mahomed in
Asia,or the Inquisition in Spain. The plunder rather
than the conquest of the South is the object at which
they aim; and could they obtain possession of the
Southern plantations of cotton, rice, sugar, or
tobacco, and were unable to cultivate them by the
free labour either of white men or of blacks, they
would do on a large scale what General Banks has
done on a small one, and re-establish slavery—as
they have abolished the Constitution—on the plea
of military necessity, Nor are their great opponents,
the Democrats, very much better. They clamour
for war while they mean peace. They are hopelessly
corrupt and demoralised by the means that their
system compelled them to adopt to maintain them
selves in possession of place and its perquisites. In
short, the real intelligence, virtue, and public spirit
of the country are not represented by either of the
parties that exist. Honest men keep aloof from
politics lest they should be contaminated, and the
public peril has no'. yet impressed itself with suffi-
cient vividness before the eyes of the majority to
force them to arise, as the people are accustomed
to do in other countries at great national crises, and
sweep away the old parties indignantly by the crea-
tion of a new, without other objects to serve than
those of the public safety, or other motives than
those of the national honour.

It is under circumstances like these that the
fourth campaign of the war has opened. Should
successes reward the perseverance of the North,
there will not be 'very much difference in the pic•
tare. Should, however, a great reverse befall either
General Meade or General Grant, a change may
result at which the world will be astonished.

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Naval and Military Intelligence.

THE ARMY.

Rear-Admiral of the White George St. Vincent
King, C. 8., rehoisted his flag on Sunday on board
the screw steamship Princess Royal, 73, Captain
Jones, in Plymouth Sound. She will probably
leave to-day for the Cape of Good Hope.
The Frederick -William screw two-decker, in No.
10 Dock at Portsmouth, in process of outfit for a
flag on foreign service, is found to be very rotten in
the vicinity of her sternposts, and workmen are
now employed upon her till 8 p.m, daily to remedy
this state of things as early as possible, the dock
being required for other vessels.
The Boscawen, boys' training ship at Southamp-
ton, Commander G. S. Nares, was officially inspected
on Monday by Admiral Sir Michael Seymour,
G.C.8., Port Admiral at Portsmouth, and Naval
Commander-in-Chief of the south-west district.
The Boscawen is said to be in a highly efficient
state, and the boys on board to be smart in all their
duties, but especially so in their gun drill.
In consequence of the amount of work still re-

maining to be executed on board the armour-clad
frigate Caledonia, 35, 1,000-horse power, fitting for
the first division of the Chatham Steam Reserve,
she will not be ready to hoist the pennant until the
25th of April, and not on the Ist of April as was
previously ordered.

The Trafalgar, 70, screw steamship, 2,900 tons,
500-horse power, which was recently paid out of
commission from the Mediterranean, and recom.
missioned at Sheerness by Captain Charles F.
Schomberg to take the place of the Edinburgh, 60,
as coastguard ship at Queensferry, in the Firth of
Forth, was inspected on Saturday by the Comman-
der-in• Chief at Sheerness, Vice-Admiral Sir Charles
Talbot, K.C.8., who was attended by his Staff. At
the close of the inspection the vessel left ale harbour
for her destination.

Capt. Charles Boddam Stockdale, R.N., died at
his residence at Plymouth on Sunday night. He
entered the navy as midshipman, in 1804, on board
the Culloden. He accompanied the Phaeton is the
expedition of 1810 against the Isle of France, and
was in the following year present at the storming
of Fort Cornelis. Since the 27th of August, 1846,
he has been attached to the Ocean, 80, and Wel-
ington, 72, guard-ships at Sheerness.
The sere v steam frigate Galatea, 26, Capt. Roch-
fort Maguire, from Vera Cruz, January 4th ; Port
Royal, February 3 ; and Bermuda, February 28,'
arrived in Plymouth Sound yesterday. On the
passage from Vera Cruz to Port Royal her propeller
became useless by the dropping of her stern, and
she has in consequence returned under canvas only
to England. When coming through the Narrows
at Bermuda, on the 27th of Febraary, she took the
ground at St. Catherine's point, the wind being
strong from the north east. She was in charge of
a local pilot, and was hove off uninjured on the
morning of the 28th by the steam sloop Buzzard
and tug Spitfire, which towed her to sea. She left
at Port Royal the Aboukir, Challenger, Rayalist,
and Steady, and at Bermuda the Nile, Phaeton,
Shannon, Liverpool, Pylades, Greyhound, Petrel,
Buzzard, Nimble, Plover, Cygnet, and Terror. The
Galatea will probably go into dock at Devonport.
The Dauntless, 31 guns, Capt. J. B. Dickson, will
leave her station is the Southampton Waters, off
Netley, at the end of the present month, and pro-
ceed to Sheerness, where she will be paid off and
re-commissioned by Capt. Strange, of the Corn-
wallis. Capt. Dickson will then commission the
Irresistible, 80, to be stationed in the Southampton
Waters, in the place of the Dauntless.
Commodore F. B. Montresor has received the
good service pension, vacant by the promotion of
Capt. Denham to the rank of Rear-Admiral.

The llimalaya steam troopship, Capt. E. Lacey,
arrived with the naval military invalids, timc -
expired men, and a few passengers. The Himalaya
came into harbour in the afternoon, when the naval
invalids were removed to the Victory. Those of the
military will be sent to Netley Hospital to-day, and
the time-expired men forwarded to the depots of
their respective regiments. The Himalaya left here
on the 29th of July, 1803, with the 2d battalion 25th
Regiment for Ceylon, since which time she has cir-
cumnavigated the globe. She called at St, Vincent
to coal on the 7th August, leaving again on the 9th,
arrived at Simon's Bay, 28th, where she found Rear•
Admiral Sir B. Walker's flag-ship Narcissus. She
left on the sth of September and arrived at Ceylon
on the 24th, steaming the whole distance, and hav-
ing nearly 400 tons coal remaining. After landing
her troops she left for Galle on the 27th to coal,
return:ng to Ceylon on the 30th. In consequence
of several cases of scarlatina having occurred among
the detachments of the 50th Regiment brought from
England in this ship it was deemed advisable to
land the whole detachment at Colombo, and to defer
the embareation of the regiment for a few days.
This sickness having disappeared she embarked the
50th Regiment on the 9th of October, together
with camp equipage and military stores, and left
on the 10th for Auckland, New Zealand, calling
at Melbourne on the 2d of November to coal
and to embark a battery of Armstrong guns, leaving
the latter place on the 7th and arriving at Auck-
land on the 14th, where the troops, military stores,
and Armstrong guns were landed. On the passage
between Cape Leeuwen and Melbourne she experi-
enced very heavy weather, but did not sustain
any damage, After refitting, she embarked naval
and military invalids and condemned stores for
England, leaving Auckland Nov. 23 by order of
Commodore Sir W. Wiseman to proceed via Sydney
and Cape Horn. She arrived at the former place
Dec. 4, and having coaled and embarked military
invalids and naval and military stores, left again on
the 13th, steaming to the southward of New Z
land. On the 19th the fires were put out and she
proceeded under canvas, but on Jan. 10, 1864, she
met with ice, and on the 12th, in fat 50 59 S, long.
110 7 W, the ship was so surrounded by icebergs
that it was found necessary to get up steam again,
which she did until neon of the 13th, in fat 50 38
S, long 106 W, when they entirely disappeared. She
continued her course then under canvas until Feb. 3
in fat 42 S, long 27 W, the wind having fallen very
light, when steam was got up again, and she arrived
on the 16th at Ascension, and, after coaling and
taking in some provisions and some naval invalids,
left again on the 22d, calling at St. Vincent on
March 2 to coal, and finally leaving for England on
the sth. The Himalaya has returned in a most effi-
cient state, and has performed her long voyage well
considering that the greater portion of it homeward
wes under canvas with light winds. The health of
the crew and troops has been good, and too much
praise cannot be riven to the captain and his able
staff of officers for the efficient manner in which
every service in which she has been employed has
been performed.

The following appointments have been made at
the Admiralty—Adderley W. Chimmo, paymaster,
to the Bulldog; Geo. Lumley, chief engineer, to the
Research; Geo. Kent, chief engineer, to the Fis-
gard for the Mutine ; J. R. Johnson, chief engi.
neer, to the Gladiator; Geo. Thompson, engineer,
to the Research; Edward Ingledew, engineer,
to the Indus for the Fervent; W. Roberts, en-
gineer, to the Gladiator; J. Watson (a), assist.-en-
gineer, to the Research; Thomas Rose and John
Runnels, assist.-engineers, to the Gladiator; Caps.
C. A. Campbell to the Formidable, additional, for
service with the Bombay ; Lieut. John Patten to
the Gladiator; Lieut. Francis H. H. Hutchinson
to the Defence ; Sub• Lieut. Albert W. Whish to the
Duncan ; James Leathlean, engineer, to the Indus,
for the Assurance; and Mark Lambert, engineer,
to the Fisgard, for the Racer; Staff-Commander
Frederick R. Sturdee, to the Asia, for the Royal
Sovereign ; Acting Sub-Lieut. Verney L. Cameron,
to the Hector ; J. W. L. Jekyll, midshipman, to the
Gladiator; Cecil F. Foley, nominated to a naval
cadetship ; Dr. John Pringle, acting.assist.-surg.,
to the Ajax ; Richard G. R'e, master's-assist., to
the Research; William H. Maunsell and Charles
C. P. Bawden. master's-assists., to the Gladiator;
William Nash, assist.•clork, to the St. George;
Alfred Postanco, assist.•clerk, to the Majestic;
Edward Pye, Frederick M. Aylen, John P. M.
King, Henry Stubbs, and William H. F. Kay,
assist.-clerks, to the Royal Adelaide. Messrs.
Arthur M. Coyne and Thomas R. J. Clarke have
been nominated to naval cadetships.