The Sun.
London, England, 1864-06-02 00:00:00

DO Liq, TIIUR S DAY • EVEN 'LNG

imprisonzsl felons ins sort of stat, I-,
lacqueys attending to them and all around awaiting
their orders. Lord CARNARTON faithfully depicted
a great part of the cause of these evils when he men-
tioned that blame attached itself to the Judges and
the Home Secretary. The former persisted in pass-
ing short sentences upon these offenders, and by
this means society was ❑ot perfectly protected, and
also there was exhibited on the part of the Home
Secretary so much uncertainty, vacillation, and
misplaced tenderness towards great and notorious
criminals that crime received a fresh impulse in this
country. This description very naturally portrays
the state of things prior to the formation of a Royal
Commission, and the final introduction of this mea-
sure, which is, at any rate, a remedial one, and pro-
mises, if faithfully carried out in its several
ramifications to effect some progress in the
much desired path of reform. Lord CARNARVON
was in favour of the system of police supervision.
This may be necessary, but great care should be
exercised in its workings, in order that mischief
may not be done by the adoption of means supposed
and intended to be remedial. Much harm may be
done to the discharged convict if caution is not em-
ployed in following his movements and tracing the
changes that may have taken place in hie character.
At the same time, it cannot be denied that it is very
necessary to try some plan for the cognisance of the
doings of these dangerous characters. The Irish
system appears, from all accounts, to be a very good
one, and it would be well if it were more implicitly
followed in this country. If a great and beneficial
change does not sake place in our prisons and con-
vict establishments, it will be very discreditable,
after the universal sentiment of public opinion
which has been expressed on the matter, and an-
other failure will necessitate the whole subject com
ing before Parliament, and a complete revision and
remodelling of the whole system fundamentally.

It is a lamentable fact that one of the direct
afflictions that befall humanity is at the same time
desolating the Old and New Worlds. Civil war is
devastating the ancient and Effete empire which
claims to be the leader of civilisation, while it is
sapping the strength and retarding the progress of
the great Western Republic, whose admirers would
have us regard it as the model of political wisdom.
In America, and in Ceina alike, the horrors of inter
necine strife are tending to the ruin of the nation
and the wretchedness of the people; differing, how-
ever, in the two countries from the fact that in one
they are the product of a chronic and well-nigh
hopeless complaint, in the other the result of a fierce
and acute disorder. Our dealings with the two
cases have been systematical:s' different. We have
tried intervention in the one case, and non-inter-
vention in the other. We have treated unques-
tionable rebels as belligerents, and have, on the
other hand, refused to look upon belligerents as any
other than rebels. Men, money, and ships have
been at the service of the one civil war, while the
other has waged fiercely for three years without
obtaining that verbal interference or acknowledg •
ment which some persons think would be sufficient
to arrest its progress. But in neither case has our
Government contrived to escape blame, and in both
instances it has had the satisfaction of being called to
account for contributing by its conduct to the waste of
blood and treasure, and the wholesale misery inflicted
by civil war. Their offence in the trans-Atlantic
struggle has been a negative one, but with regard
to China they are more seriously involved. From
time to tame the questions appertaining to our
Chinese policy are discussed in the House generally
with the same result,. It usually happens that no
decided movement results from these debates, ye
they are not without service as reflecting in sore,
degree the mixed feelings of the country. 'lhe dis-
cussion of Tuesday evening was one that could not
be overlooked, whether from the political stlndin
of the hon. member who introduced it, from the
length to which it extended, the number and variet3
of the speakers, or the masterly th,nner in which
Lord PALMERSTON disposed of the arguments of his
adversaries. The case is undoubtedly a difficult
and a complicated one. It is not to be met by a few
general maxims, nor capable of being treated by B
pauacea like that recommended by Mr. CotneeN.
The vicissitudes of Chinese civil war are certainly no
business of ours, and it is idle to talk of interfering
on the grounds of humanity and hatred of bloodshed,
while we leave the great Western struggle to *go
on unchecked. But it is also none of our making,
and had an Englishman never set foot in China the
Taepieg rebellion would have been raging all the
same. The real difficulty of the case lies in oui
commercial interests, weich are of course also the
commercial interests of Chilli, and hon. gentlemen
who censure so severely the policy of the Govern-
ment in defending the treaty ports do not show any
conclusive reason why we should surrender our
rights, damage our commerce, and saffer serious in-
jury to be inflicted on the Chinese themselves by
the destruction of their trade because a civil war
has broken out in another part of the Empire. Mr.
COBDEN, in his severe strictures upon our Chinese
policy, remarked that " it was a remarkable fact
that this is the only foreign country in which we
have sought to force trade by violence and war, and
it is the only country which forms an exception to
the progress made in our commercial dealings."
The hon. gentleman forgot, however, that the de-
pression of trade must be attributed rather to the
internal commotions of the Empire than to any
interference of oars. Lord PALMERSTON, it is true,
maintained that our trade with China was by co
means in the condition represented by Mr. COBDEN,
but it is evident that if it fails to realise the expec-
tations of our merchants at present, such a state of
things is owing to the war in the silk districts, the
piracy, Sec., which Mr. COBDEN and his friends
would leave unchecked. Whether we can rea-
sonably hope that peace will be soon esta-
blished is, as Lord PALMERSTON observed, beyond
the power of any man to predict. But having esta-
bliehed commercial relations with that country, and
thus opening to our trade an outlet, including one•
third of the human race, there can be no reason
why we should draw back now from the position
attained with so much difficulty. It is no more a
selfish policy to protect our relations with China
than to follow out the interests of commerce in any
other shape. It is certainly very undesirable that
we should, as a nation, interfere in their internecine
ware, but we have every right to defend those
treaty ports to which we have some claim. Mr.
COBDEN'S suggestion of the establishment of open
porta presents one very serious difficulty. It requires
the consent of the Chinese themselves, who would
never agree to such a plan. The question of piracy
is one which needs prompt and careful attention,
for the extent to which it is carried in Chinese
waters is something startling. Of itself, it is suffi-
cient to cripple the most flourishing trade. We
read with astonishment Mr. COBDEN'S declaration
that he wants to see the state of things existing 15
or 20 years ago restored, and the order which for•
bade the destruction of pirates, unless they were
proved beyond all question to have attacked a
square-rigged vessel. He wishes this order to
supersede the very moderate and sensible instruc•
tions issued by Admiral KUPER last year, when
he directed that Chinese vessels should on no ac-
count be destroyed by her MAJESTY'S ships, unless

9 14; I
N 1-41 •

the ffick rs wero requested by cowpt ;cut Chinese,
authorities to do so, or unless a pirate was caught
in the act of piracy. This order calls forth Mr.
COBDEN's stern reproof; but it is only reasonable
and just that we should lend our aid to the sup-
pression of that piracy which is so disastrous to
Chinese trade. Notwithstanding the hon. member
for Rochdale's able and temperate speech, and
the fierce invectives of the member for Birmingham,
there seems little ground for censuring he course
which several successive Governments have pur-
sued in endeavouring to foster our trade with
China by every means in their power. Members
are often too ready to attribute the want of faith,
the cruelty and injustice so common with Eastern
nations, to some fault on the side of our authorities,
and an Englishman'snatural horror of unnecessary
violence and bloodshed makes them too prompt to
pass severe censures without full information. Of
this we had recently a striking example in the case
of the Kagosima ; and we should have thought
that that lesson might have taught the hon. mem-
ber for Rochdale and his associates to be less sus-
picious of the Eastern policy of our Statesmen.

PARLIAMENTARY DIVISION,

HOUSE OF COMMONS, JUNE 1.
TESTS ABOLITION (OXFORD) BILL.

Order for committee read, Motion made and question
proposed, "That Mr. Speaker do now leave th chair."
Amendment proposed, to leave out from the word " That"
to the end of the question, in order to add the words
" this house will, upon this day three months, resolve
itself into the said cemmittee," instead thereof, Question
put, "That the words proposed to be left out stand part
of the question," The house divided—Ayes, 236 ; Noes,
226.

AYES-236.
Adair, 11. E. Fenwick, E. M. Norris, J. T.
Adam,W. P. Fenwick, H. North, F.
Agnew, Sir A. Fermoy, Lord O'Brien, Sir P.
Alcock, T. Finch, C. W. O'Conor Don, The
Andover, Lord Finlay, A. S. O'Logillen, Sir C.
Anstruther, Sir R. Fitzroy, Lord F. Onslow, G.
Antrobus, E. litzwilliam, C. W. Owen, Sir H.
Ath umney, Lord Foljambe, F. J. S. Pacse, Col.
Ayrton, A. S. Forster, C. Paget, C.
Aytoun, K. S. Forster, W. E. Paget, Lord C.
Bagwell, J. Foster, W. 0. Pease, H.
Baines, E. Fortescue, F. D. Peel, Sir R.
Baring, Sir F. Fortescue, C. S. Peel, F.
Baring, T. G. French, Col. render, J.
Baxter, W. E. Gaskell, J. M. Peto, Sir M.
Bazley, T. Gibson, T. M. Pilking-ton, J.
Beaumont, W. B. Gilpin, C. Pinney, Col.
Beaumont, S. Gladstone, W. E. Ponsonby, A.
Bellew, R. M. Glyn, G. C. Potter, E.
Berkeley, H. F. Goldsmid, Sir F. Powell, J. J.
Biddulph, Col. Gower, F. L. Pry-se, E. L.
Black, A. Greene, J. Ramsden, Sir J. W.
Blake, J. Greenwood, J. Ricardo, 0.
Blencowe, J. G. Gregsou, S. Robartes, T. J. A.
Bouverie, E. P. Grenfell, H. R. Robertson, 1).
Bouverie, I'. P. Grey, Sir G. Rothschild,Baron M
Brand, H. Gurdon, B. Russell, A.
.Bright, J. Gurney, S. Russell, Sir W.
Brown, J. Ilacifie.d, G. St. Aubyn, J.
Browne, Lord J. T. Hanbury, R. Scholehetd, W.
Bruce, H. A. Iland,ey, J. Scott, Sir W.
Buchanan, W. Hankey, T. Scully, V.
Buckley, Gen. Hardcastle, J. A. Seely, C.
Buller, J. W. Hartington,Marquis Seymour, Danby
Burke, Sir T. J. Dayter, sir W. Seymour, Digby
Butler, C. S. Headlam, T. E. Seymour, A
Butt, I. Henley, Lord Shafto, It. D.
Buxton, C. Herbert, H. A. Shelley, Sir J. V.
Caird, J. llibbert, J. T. Sheridan, R. B.
Calthorpe, F. H. Hodgkinson, G. Sidney, T.
Cardwell, E. Hodgson, K. Smith, J. A.
Childers, 11. C. E. Holland, E. Smith, J. B.
Cholmeley, Sir M. Howard, C. W. G. Stacpoole, W.
Churchill, Lord A. Hutt, W. Staniland, AL
Clay, J. Ingham, R. Stansfeld, J.
Clifford, C. C. Jervoise, Sir J. Stuart, Col.
Clifford, Col. Johnstone, Sir J. Sykes, Col. W. H.
Clifton, Sir 1:. Ring, P. J. L. Talbot, C. R. M.
Clive, G. Kinglake, A. W. Taylor, P. A.
Cobbett, J. M. ICing-lake, Serj. J. Thompson, 11. S.
Cobden, R. liinnaird, A. r'. Tice, W.
Coke, Col. Layard, A. H. Tollemache, F. J.
Colebrooke, Sir T.E. Langton, W. H. G. Tomline, G.
Collier, air It. P. Lawson, W. Tracy, C. R. D.
Corbally, M. E. Leatham, E. A. Trelawny, Sir J. S.
Cowper, W. F. Lefevre, G. J. S. Turner, J. A.
Cox, W. Lee, W. Verney, Sir H.
Craufurd, E. H. J. Lewis, H. Vernon, H. F.
Crawford, R. W. Lindsay, W. S. Villiers, C. P.
Crossley, Sir F. Locke, J• Vivian, H. 11.
Dalglish, R. Lysley, W. J. Vyner, R. A.
Davie, Sir H. It F. MacEvoy, E. 'Waldron, L.
Davie, Col. F. Mackie, J. Warner, E.
Dering, Sir E. Mackinnon, W.(Ly.)Watkin, E. W.
Dillwyn, L. L. Mackinnon,W. A. Western, S.
Douglas, Sir C. M`Malion, P. Westheach J. P. B.
Duff, M. E. Maguire, J. F. Whitbread, S.
Duff, It. W. Marjoribanks, D. C. White, J.
Dunbar, Sir W. Marsh, M. H. White, L.
Dundas, F. Martin, I'. W. Wickham, H. W.
Dundas, Sir D. Dlartin,J. Williams, W.
Dunkellin, Lord Massey, W. N. Winnington, Sir T.
Dunlop, A. M. Merry, J. Wood, Sir U.
Enfield, Viscount Miller, W. Woods, 11.
Ennis, J. Mitchell, T. A. Wrightson, W. B.
Eamonde,J. Moncreitf, J. Wyvill, M.
Evans, T. W. Monsell, W.
Ewart, W. Morris, D. TELLVLIA.
Ewart, J. C. Morrison; W. Dodson, J. (1,
Ewing, H. E. C. Neate, C. Goschen, G. J.

NOES —226.
Addeiley, C. B. Gowei, G. W. L. North, Col.
Arbuthnott, Gen. Graham, Lord Wm. Northcote, Sir S. H.
Astell, J. H. Greenall, G. O'Neill, E.
Bailey, C. Grey deWilton,Lord Packe, C. W.
Baillie, H. J. Gr, grin, Sir E. Pakenham, Col.
Baring, A. H. Haliburton, T. C. I'akington, Sir J.
Barrow, W. IL Hamilton, Major Palk, Sir L.
isateson, Sir T. Hamilton, Viscount Palmer, It. W.
Bathurst, Col. IL Hamilton, 1. T. Patten, Col. W.
Beach, W. W. Hardy, G. Peacocke, G. M. W.
Beecrott, G. S. Hardy, J. Peel, Gen.
Bentinck, G. W. P. Hartopp, E. B. Pennant, Col.
Bentinck, G. C. Harvey, R. B, Pevensey, Viscount
Benyon, R. flay, Sir J Phillips, G. L.
Beresford, W. Heathcote, Sir W. Powell, F. S.
Berestord, Denis Henley, J. Powys-.Lybbe, P. L.
Bernard, Col. Henniker, Lord .Repton, G. W. J.
Bernard, T. T. Heskeih, Sir T. Ridley, Sir M. W.
Bond, J. W. lleygate, Sir F. Rogers, J. J.
Booth, Sir It. G. Hill, a. C. Rolt, J.
Bovill, W. Hodgson, R. Rowley, R. T.
Bramston, T. W. Holmesdale, Lord Salt, T.
Bremridge, R. Hood, air A, Sclater-Booth, G.
Bridges, Sir B. W. Hopwood, J. T. Scott, Lord H.
Brooks, R. Hornby, W. II: Scourfielo, J. IL
Bruce, Sir IL • lio.siali, T. B. Shirley, E. P.
Burghley, Lord Hotham, Lord Smith, Abel
Burrell, Sir P. Bowes, K Smith, M.
Cairns, Sir H. Hunioerstone, P. S. Smith, S. G.
Cargill, W. W. Hume, W. W. F. Somerset, Col. E.
Cartwright, Col. liumphery, W. Somes, J.
Cave, S. Hunt, G. W. Stanhope, J. B.
Cecil, Lord R. Ingestre, Viscount Stanhope, Lord
Clive, Capt. G. W. Jermyn, Earl • Stracey, Sir H.
Cole, H. Jervis, Captain Strange, J. M.
Cole, J. L. Jolliffe, Sir W. Stewart, Sir M. R.
Collins, T. Jones, D. Stuart, Lt.-Col. W.
Conolly, T. Kekewich, S. T. Sturt, H. G.
Corry, H. L. Kennard, R. W. Sturt, Lt.-CoL N.
Cubitt, G. Ker, D. S. Surtees, H. IL
Curzon, Viscount King, J. K. Talbot, W. C.
Dalkeith, Earl of Knatchbull, W. Taylor, Col.
Darner, S. D. Knightley, R. Thynne, Lord E.
Dawson, It. P. Knox, k,ol. Thynne, Lord H.
Dickson, CoL Knox, Major W. S. Tollemache, J.
Disraeli, B. Langton, W. G. Torrens, R.
Du Cane, C. _Leader, N. P. Tottenham,Lt.-Col.
Duncombe, A. Leeke, Sir H. Treherne, M.
Duncombe, W. E. Lefroy, A. Trevor, Lord A.
Du Pre, C. G. Legh, Major C. Trollope, sir j.
Dutton, It. H. Legh, W. J. Turner, C.
Edwards, Col. Leighton, Sir B. Vance, J.
Egerton, A. F. Lennox, Lord G. G. Vansittart, W.
Egerton, E. C. Lennox, C. Verner, Sir W
Elphinstone, Sir J. Leslie, C. P. Verner, E. W.
Estcourt, S. Liddell, 11. G. Vyse, Col.
lane, Col. Longfield, R. Walcott, Admiral
Farquhar, Sir M. Lopes, Sir V. Walker, J. RB,
Fellowes, E. Lowther, CoL H. C. Walsh, Sir J. B.
Fergusson, Sir J. Macaulay, K. Waterhouse S.
Ferrand, W. Malcolm, J. W. Wattington 'J
Filmer, Sir E. Matins, R. Way, A. E.
J.
Fitzgerald, W. S. Manners, Lord J. Welby, W. E.
Fleming, T. w. Manners, Lord G. Whiteside, J.
sloyer J. Maxwell, CoL Whitmore, H.
Forde, Col. Miller, T. J. Woodd, B. T.
Forester, Gen. Mills, A. - Wyndham P.
Franklyn, G. W. Mittord, W. T. Wynn, Sir W.
Fraser, Sir W. A. Moor, 11. Wynn, C. W. W.
Gallwey, Sir W. P. Mordaunt, Sir C. Wynne, W. W. E.
Galway, Viscount Morgan, 0. Yorke, Hon. E.
Gard, R. S. Mowbray, J. R. Yorke, J. R.
George, J. Naas, Lord
Getty, S. G. • Newdegate, C. TELLERS.
Goddard, A. L. Newport, Visct.
Gore, J. R. 0. Nicol, W. Trefusis, C. H. R.
Gore, W. R. 0. Noel, G. J, Selwyn, C. J.

THE FETE CHAMPETRE AT ORLEANS HOUSE.—
Yesterday the grounds of Orleans House, Twicken-
ham, the seat of their Royal Highnesses the Duke and
Duchess d'Aumale, were thrown open for a grand fancy
bazaar in aid. of the funds of the Societe Frangaise de Bien-
faisance. This society was formed in 1842, under the
patronage of Count de St. Aulaire, the French Ambassador,
with the object of affording relief to unfortunate French •
men in London, without distinction of religious faith or
political opinion. Among the benefactors we may mention
the late King Louis Philippe, Queen Marie Amelie, the
Count de Chambord, and the Emperor ot the French. The
actual president of the society is the Duke d'Aumale, The
society.allows weekly payments in money, clothing, and
food, and grants passage money to those French subjects
who are desirous of returning to their country; it also ad-
vances money to those who wish to exercise t heir profession
or trade iu England. The society has already distributed
more than £12,000 sterling. Following so close upon the
marriage of the Count de Paris, the fete of yesterday par-
took almost of a family character. The stalls were held by
he: Royal Highness the Duchess of Chartres, her Royal
Highness the Duch- ss d'Aumale, the Duchess of St. Albans,
the Marchioness of Ely, the Countess of Tonkel ville, the
Countess ot Waldegrave, and Lady Proby, An elegant
marquee had. been erected on the lawn in front of the house
with tricolour oriflammes, which also lined the road up to
the grounds. The chief Jattraction was the stall of the
Duchess d'Aumale, where the venerable Queen Amelia re-
mained for some time. The sky was propitious, and about
6 o'clock the fete presented a most lively appearance. As
the fete is to be continued to-morrow we may mention that
the house itself is well worth a visit. There is a taste dis-
played in the selection of the pictures aid in their arrange-
ment, which will repay even a longer journey. There is a
gem of Ingres, a magnificent Rosa Bonheur, the celebrated
"Duel in the Snow," by Geromme, and historical pictures
of the highest interest. Jullien's band performed through-
out the evening, and the attention of the committee lelt
nothing t' be desired.

A NEW MAIL CONVEYANCE.—Some of the coun-
try postmen, who have long distances to travel to distribute
letters to widely detached houses, are using velocipedes to
assist (?) them in their labours.
ESSAYS AND RI YIEWS.—The whole of the Bishop
of Salisbury's expenses in the suit against Dr. Rowland
Williams, vicar of Broad Chalks, Wilts, have been raised,
NO that AO further subseriptious are needed,