The Sun.
London, England, 1852-12-13 00:00:00

irnE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVEN ING, DECEMBER 15, 1852

LINES LEASED AT FIXED RENTALS.

ALISON'S NETV WORK

closed on the capture of Acre, the authority of the
Sultan being reconquered for him through the
agency of the valour of Napier, but most of all
through the consummate genius of Palmerston.
During the account of the same ten years will have
to be depicted the panoraMa of British glories and
British calamities, constituting the memorable
story of the invasion of Affghanistan. In the
fourth volume Alison will advance from the

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History of Europe : from 1815 to 1852. Vol. I.
By Sir Archibald Alison, Bart. William Black-
wood and Sons.
A more daring enterprise was never adventured
upon by ancient or modern annalist than that in
which Sir Archibald Alison has undertaken to con-
tinue up to the present time his noble " History of
Europe" since the days of the Great French Revo-
lution. It surpasses, we repeat, in audacity any
previous attempt, even the boldest, ever dreamt of
in either native or foreign literature. Apart from
the enormous toil consequent upon the endeavour,
there was needed an uncommon degree of courage
in the writer who could hazard the narration of
events taking place not amongst his remote ances-
tors, but amongst his own immediate contempora-
ries. Happily our author finds himself, however,
not only endowed with this uncommon degree of
courage, but also, and in a very peculiar manner,
with a capacity for toil which we are bold to avow
has been seldom, if ever, surpassed. As to the ex-
tent of the labours devolving upon him in conse-
quence of this projected continuation of his His-
tory, it should be borne in remembrance that
annalists invariably discover a very appreciable
diminution of trouble in proportion as the period
of which they treat becomes more and more retro-
spective in character—while, precisely upon a simi-
lar ratio, their taskwork multiplies as they approach
nearer and yet nearer to the record of recent occur-
rences. Materials in the former instance become
more and more scanty—in the latter, more and
more abundant. Inaccuracies in the one are
the less readily discoverable, while in the other, of
course, they are the more easily detected, especially
if parties implicated in the transactions described hap-
pen to be still living, inwhich case errors are naturally
at once rendered apparent. Any serious argument
in testimony of the justice of these remarks were
surely preposterous, because altogether unneces-
sary : and yet we cannot but think that we may
be pardoned for hinting at one or two cursory il-
lustrations. Suppose the literary task undertaken
be the memoir of some writer of celebrity—How
difficult the responsibility of collecting the facts
connected with the life of Scott compared with that
of performing the same preliminary office with re-
gard to the biography of Shakspere ! Why, look
at the results already visible upon our book-shelves
—Malone's few prefatory pages, and Lockhart's
voluminous composition. Suppose, on the other
hand, we have determined to pen a history of the
career of some world-famous conqueror—How vast
the initial toil of research in reference to the career
of Napoleon when contrasted with that in reference
Ito the career of Alexander ! The condensed chap-
ters of Curtis, or of Arrianus there--here the dif-
fuse and scattered writings of Capefigue, Thiers,
Las Cases, Constant, Jomini, G-ourgaud, Labaurae,
Menneval Montholon, Norvins, Salgues, and Thi-
baudeau, to say nothing of Hazlitt, Scott, Ireland,
Juste, Laurent, and Lamartine, or of the profusion
of autobiographies contributed to throw light on
the same epoch, by the memories of a crowd of
contemporaries, ranging from D'Abrantes to- Ro-
vigo, from Bourrienne to Lavalette, from Fou.che
to Caulaincourt, altogether without the reach of
instant enumeration. From this catalogue
alone of some among the numerous produc-
tions relating to the reign of the great Napo-
leon, some adequate notion may be forted
of the astounding and bewildering responsibilities
crowding in upon the mind and energies of Sir
Archibald Alison, while compiling the data for his
" History of Europe," subsequent to the first
French Revolution. Looking at the volumes of
that remarkable work, which have already ema-
nated from his genius--volumes extending in one
edition (demy octavo), to fourteen, and in another
(crown octavo), to twenty—we may well regard his
labours in the writing of them with surprise and
admiration. Yet the labours of composition, we
conceive, to be as absolutely nothing, weighed in
the balance against the enormous toils consequent
upon the research and collation of authorities.
Those toils—and we speak here as critics, enabled
in some measure to appreciate them from our famili-
arity with the extraordinary era Alison has success-
fully undertaken to delineate—we regard with un-
affected and profound astonishment. We stand
amazed before the grasp of that intellect which has
embraced so gigantic and diversified a mass of his-
torical literature. We view with wonder the syn-
thetical powers of a mind capable of selecting and
compacting from a chaos of elements so confused
and heterogeneous. We honour that unyielding in-
dustry, we respect that abounding and eclectic
enthusiasm, we revere the fervour of that manly,
though we believe not unfrequently mistaken consci-
entiousness, which have together enabled Archibald
Alison [we drop the Baronet for once when speaking
of him simply as the Man of Genius] to master the
difficulties of perhaps the most difficult, as it is cer-
tainly the most daring, enterprise ever adventured
upon by ancient or modern annalist—that of re-
counting, in anything like adequate terms, the
most memorable epoch (humanly speaking) of
which this globe of ours has recollection.
As the sequel to his record of European events
from 1789 to 1815—from the convoking of the
States-General to the firing of the last gun on the
plains of Waterloo—Sir Archibald Alison has, in
the goodly volume before us, undertaken to describe
the incidents which have transpired in the same
division of the Eastern Hemisphere from 1815 to
1852—from the fall of Napoleon to the Accession
of Louis Napoleon. Although the thirty-seven
years comprised within the latter momentous in-
terval, have been principally distinguished by the
contemporaneous circumstance of an interna-
tional tranquillity almost wholly uninterrupted,
nevertheless, they have risen to a height of
altogether unparalleled importance, by reason
of their having afforded so many grand and
golden opportunities for the advancement of
modern civilisation. This, in truth, has been not
merely an age of peace, but especially and pecu-
liarly the age of progress. Our historian seems to
us to premise, in the course of his very startling
"Preface," that he would not claim for his new
narrative many of the more attractive attributes of
the picturesque. He says, for example and with
undeniable accuracy, that " the resumption of cash
payments in England in 1819 was not, to outward
appearance, so striking an event as the battle of
Austerlitz, but it vas followed by results of equal
permanent importance :" and again, that " the Re-
form Bill was not the cause of so visible a change
in human affairs as the battle of Wagram ; but it
was attended with consequences equally grave and
lasting." But he himself enumerates, later on, a
succession of military
exploits and diplomatic
achievements which cannot fail to render the sub-
sequent portions of his narrative records fraught
with really noteable and even enthralling fasci-
nation. There may be no 10th of August, with
Louis XVI. bombarded in his Palace, and Camille
Desmoulins haranguing the mob in the twilight
gardens of the Palais Royal ; but there are the days
of July, with Charles X. and his Court going down
like a brave crew, all standing at their posts with
the white banner of the Bourbons still flying as they
descend in the midst of the tempest of another re-
volution. And there is Armand Carrel, gentle-
hearted and lion-eyed, wandering from barricade
to barricade, with a. rattan in his hand, in the thick
of the flying shots of the soldiers and insurgents.
There may be no Dauphin fading away in the dun-
geons of the Temple with " a canker in the bud"
and bloom of childhood; there may be noVergniaud,
climbing, in the heToism of political martyrdom,
the ladder of the guillotine ; there may be no
Malesherbes pleading in vain to the people for
justice to their sovereign. But there is the young
Comte de Paris, before the tribune of the Chamber
of Deputies ; there is Lamartine, destroying the
reviving strength of terrorism with the thunders of
his eloquence at the gateway of the Hotel de Ville;
there is Archbishop Affre, dying in the streets with
the olive branch in his hand, the victim, but while
the victim the conqueror also, of rebellion. There
are these and other touching and wondrous pas-
sages to be rocounted in the history which the pen
of Alison has a dready begun to delineate--passages as
exquisite in paithos, as sublime in dignity,
as glorious
in valour, as any ever before recounted in the
chequered ann.s.ls of Christm—passages that
might have added grandeur Loathe biographies of
Plutarch, and splendour to the chronicles of Frois-
sart. Occurrencts such as those here referred to
are reserved, however, by our author to be re-
counted in due se(luence in the subsequent pages
of his narrative. Thus, in the second of the five
volumes (to which number the work will, it is an-
nounced, be extend'ed), there will be embraced a
' period ranging from the complete establishment of
a Liberal Government and system of administra-
tion in France in 1819, to the middle of 1830, when
Charles X. was overthrown by a revolution—an in-
terval comprising, of course, the popular outbreaks
of 1820 in Spain, Naples, Piedmont, and Portugal;
the conquests effected by England over the Bur-
Mese and the Goorkhas ; the establishment in 1820
of the modern kingdom of Greece ; and the san-
guinary wars of Russia in 1828 and 1829 against
the Turks and the Persians. In the third volume
it is proposed to commence with the opening,
in 1831, of the great question of Reform in the
representation of the United Kingdom, and to
terminate with that general election of 1841 which
marked the downfall of the Whig Ministry—an
interval, rendered memorable, moreover, by the
growth of corruption in France under the rule of
Louis Philippe ; by the gallant and desperate
attempt made in 1831 by the Poles, in the hope
of regaining their national independence ;
that revolt of Ibrahim Pacha, which was only

mention of Sir Robert Peel's " noble constancy
in adversity," and will close this division of his
labour with the overthrow of Louis Philippe,

in the February of 1848, and the consequent out-
burst of European Revolutions—an interval marked
likewise by the second A ffghan expedition, followed
by the seizure of Cabul ; by the close of the Chi-
nese war under the battlements of Nankin ; by the
fearful conflicts on the Sutlej, and the glorious con-
quest of Scinde. In the fifth, and final, volume of
the series, will be described the events which trans-
pired between the downfall, in 1848, of Louis
Philippe, and the rise to supreme power, in 1852,
of Louis Napoleon—four years renowned by .so
many momentous incidents crowded hurriedly to-
gether—the revolutionary turmoil of Germany ; the
desperate campaigns on the plains of Italy and of
Hungary ; the occupation of the Punjaub by the
British forces in Hindostan ; and the almost simul-
taneous discovery of gold in California and Aus-
tralia, the former for the supply of the precious
metal to the western, and the latter to the eastern,
hemisphere. Altogether, as before indicated, the
present enthralling sequel to the previous " History
of Europe," by Sir Archibald Alison, relating to
the peaceful and warlike achievements of Christen-
dom from 1789 to 1815, will carry the chain of
events onward link by link, from the downfall of
Napoleon the Great through thirty-seven momen-
tous years to the accession of his successor, the re-
presentative of his imperial dynasty, and thrice the
elected of the people by aid of the ballot and uni-
versal suffrage—first in 1848 by 6,000,000, secondly
in 1851 by 7,000,000, and thirdly, in 1852, by
nearly 8,000,000 citizens (comprising almost the
whole of the adult male population)—Napoleon
by the will of the nation—not by descent, not by
dynastic claims, not by right of so-called legitimacy,
but by the will of the nation—Emperor of the
French, King of Algeria, and Protector of the
Sanctuaries. At an epoch so peculiarly wonderful
as the present—at a period when all -that had been.
effected. (it was thought at one time perma-
nently) by a succession of coalitions, crowned
by the bloody fight of Waterloo—at a period
when the national funeral of Wellington was
taking place in England at the very junc-
ture marvellous to relate when in France
the people were once more robing in the
imperial purple the form of a Napoleon—it was
surprisingly appropriate that Alison should begin
the continuation of that great work which, when
completed, must permanently occupy an eminent po-
sition among the treasures of English, we may even
say of European, literature. It was a circumstance
consonant in its singularity with the many surpris-
mg occurrences which the world has recently wit-
nessed. Everything combines, indeed, to attract to
this new history the attention of the educated classes
of the community. Within the compass of the first
volume, here submitted to examination, are re-
counted the incidents which succeeded each other
immediately after the entrance of the Allied forces
into Paris, up to the year 1819, when Peers in the
democratic interest were created in France, and the
memorable Currency Act was passed through the Bri-
tish Parliament. Speaking of the events transpiring in
this interval, our annaifst himself remarks with great
force and significance, " The effect of the measures
pursued during this period were not perceived at
the time, but they are very apparent now : the
seeds which produced such decisive results is after
tunes were all sown during its continuance." A
declaration sufficient of itself to render these six
introductory chapters attractive, at the first blush,
to every intelligent man in the population. A
very masterly resume, or general sketch of the
whole period from the fall of Napoleon to the
accession of Louis Napoleon, prefaces, as it were,
by a grand preliminary flourish of trumpets, the
events which come afterwards in a kind of political
panorama or historical procession. Of Sir Archi-
bald Alison's interpretation of the meaning of
these events we shall here say nothing, beyond re-
marking that we have already considered it in de-
tail in our leading columns—regarding it, as we
have done from the first, as too solemn, and grave,
and awful in character to be passed by without the
most searching consideration. It is only neces-
sary to observe, that our historian conceives the
real signification of these days to be indicative
of the Second Dispersion of Mankind—arguing from
it only disaster to the empire of Great Britain.
Our convictions carry us mostly in a totally oppo-
site direction. Our opinions in most of the im-
portant particulars upon which this startling hypo-
thesis is founded, are diametrically opposed to those
of a writer who looks with dismay upon the
triumph of Free-trade principles, or, as it has re-
cently become the fashion to term them, the prin-
ciples of unrestricted competition. In reference to
the question of the currency, however, we coincide
most cordially with the majority of the arguments
advanced by Sir Archibald Alison in several parts
of this comprehensive and splendid composition. It
were a hopeless endeavour to attempt to follow the
narrative, in the course of a single criticism,
through all the varied stages of its manifold de-
velopment. During the thirty-seven years which
.have elapsed since the close of the European wars
in Belgium, England has advanced appreciably in
the augmentation of her dominions, and in the dif-
fusion of the influences of civilisation. Her orien-
tal territories now extend from Cape Comorin to
the banks of the Indus, and the snowy peaks of the
Himalayas. She has laid the foundation of a stupen-
dous empire in Oceania—by the astonishingly rapid
colonisation of New Zealand and Australia. She
has in the West Indies, by one magnificent act of
humanity, manumitted negro slaves to the number
of no less than eight hundred thousand. Mean-
while her own inhabitants, the inhabitants of the
United Kingdom, have decreased in four or five
years by two or three millions, through the united
effects of famine and immigration. Whereas the
United States have increased the number of their
population from 1840 to 1850 by six millions, their
territories having been enlarged within the same brief
interval by an addition " nine times the size of old
France"—so that thby extend now to 3,300,000
square miles, containing 24,000,000 of inhabitants!
Russia, on the other hand, possesses at this mo-
ment an influence paramount from the walls of
China to the banks of the Rhine--embraces by her
territories " one eighth" of the habitable globe,
and "boasts of 66,000,000 of men within her
dominions." Such are some among the fruits of
that development which are accounted for by the
logical statements of the historian.• Conspicuous
among the most interesting subjects in reference to
England mentioned in the volume here under re-
view may be specified, the marriage of the Prin-
cess Charlotte, the brilliant victory gained by
our fleet under Lord Exmouth at Algiers, nume-
rous acts passed by the Imperial Legislature, as
well as the record of the death and character of
such men as Mr. Ponsonby, and Mr. Horner, and
Sir Samuel Romilly, and Sir Philip Francis, and
Sir James Mackintosh, and Warren Hastings, and
Lord Ellenborough. Simultaneously came divers
remarkable occurrences in France, such as the en-
try of Louis XVIII. into Paris, and the formation
of the Holy Alliance, and the discovery of conspira-
cies in the capital and at Lyons, and ultimately
the dismissal of the Cabinet of Chateaubriand—
besides accounts of the death and character of
such men as Marshal Brune, and Marshal Ney,
and King Joachim, and Colonel Labedoyere. A
separate chapter, and one of a most fascinating de-
scription, depicts the progress made in Great Bri-
tain after the peace in manners, arts, science,. and
literature. Here the eclecticism of Sir Archibald
Alison's taste shines pre-eminently among aclaverslty
of noble qualities honourable alike to his genius
and his judgment. Witness this his reference,
when treating of poetry, to Scott,- Byron, Moore,
Campbell, Rogers, Southey,, Wordsworth, Cole-
ridge, Crabbe, Tennyson, Fecia Hemans, Joanna
Baillie, Letitia Landon, Mrs. Norton,. Croly,
Mimes, and Aytoun. Witness this his refer-
ence, when treating of prose, to Stewart,
Brown, Paley, Malthus; Ricardo, M'Culloch,
Mills, Davy, Herschell, Playfair,. Disraeli
(the elder), and Alison. Witness this again, his
allusions to the geologists, Bucklan d, Sedgwick,
Lyell, and Brewster—to the reviewers, Jeffrey,
Brougham, Mackintosh, Sidney Smith, Macaulay,
Lockhart, and Wilson—to the historians, Hallam,
Turner, Palgrave, Lingard, Tytler, Napier, Mit-
ford, Grote, Arnold, Macaulay, Lord Mahon, and
Miss Strickland—and to the novelists, Lytton,
Dickens, Disraeli (the younger), James, and
Tha,ckeray. When speaking of Sir Edward Bulwer
Lytton, he is compelled, of course, to consider that
eminent man not simply as a novelist, but as one
whose protean genius and comprehensive intellect
have constituted him one of the most surprising phe-
nomena in the
.whole range of literature—poet,
romancist, historian, essayist, critic, satirist, bio-
grapher, dramatist—whose brilliant speech, more-
over, in the House of Commons, on the 10th of
December, 1852, yields promise that he will prove,
in addition to all this, a distinguished orator and
a consummate debater, crowning a great literary
by a great parliamentary reputation. Frequently
we differ altogether from the view taken by Sir
Archibald Alison of the merits and demerits of his
immediate predecessors or surviving contemporaries.
But even when dissenting most fromhis.opinions, we
acknowledge that, in the generality of nistan?es, he
reveals a wide and generous scope of appreciation.
From the noble volume under criticism numerous

passages might be excerpted, in illustration of the proceeded to Chatham this morning on dockyard service,
sagacity, as well as the masculine eloquence, of the and reetoujameeterlsianntcliecreevNse.noifnigle. r
historian. Yet such quotations we cannot but. Majesty's ship Agamemnon,
91, Captain Sir Thomas Maitland. were-mustered yesterday
deem altogether superfluous. There is the nam4 on on board the Minotaur hulk, by Captain the Hon. Montagu
the title-page. It is enough. Women bonum j Stopford.
instar unguenti fragrantis. Sufficient for us; in During the absence on leave of Captain C. Hope, the
tribute for the pleasure derived from its perup.al, duties of Captain-Superintendent of the. Dockyardofcad a7Tacvl
sufficient for us to aver, that the initial volume of. tied on
eby Captain the Montagu
'esty and llau(r-captiLn to Vice-
the new F.eries of the " History of Europe" augurs u
Admiral- the Hon. Joseelijns Percy, C.B.
bravely for the continuation. It is not unworthy Lieutenant Thomas Tribe, of the Monarch, for service in
of the master hand from which it has emanated. the ordinary, has been superseded by Lieutenant John
It fills up a large hiatus, and of all gaps the one most Cartwright (1821).
troublous, in the modern annals of Christendom.
cletond-Master Henry P. Ward and Henry R. Shaw,
in charge, late of the Dolphin, having closed their
It condenses into a focus the scattered lights of two accounts for stores, &c., at, the dockyard, left here this
generations : and by doing all this, it confers a very day.
considerable benefaction upon the uneducated coin- Orders' have been issued by the Admiralty to the autho-
munity, while it adds another inestimable scroll to rities at the different ports that engineers belonging to
the treasures of historic literature. ships are at liberty to attend the workshops of the factories
wherever they may be stationed.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

MALTA, DEC. 2.

I stated in a recent letter that the Persian, screw-steamer,
had arrived, reporting a vessel had been seen with her keel
up, and that Admiral Harvey had not sent out any vessel,
He subsequently, however, sent out the Sampson, steam-
frigate, on her arrival from Constantinople, at the request
of Lloyd's agent, who only knew of the wreck on the 19th;
Captain Millburn having most unaccountably left without
making any other report than to the admiral, and he did
this only when he found there was not a merchant steamer
to be had. The admiral, supposing Lloyd's agent to be in-
formed, did not, of course, make any report to him, as he
did to the Chamber of Commerce ; he, therefore, got
blamed by the public for a matter ho could not avoid. The
Sampson found no traces of the wreck, although, by the
track charts exhibited, the captain took all pains to find
her.
The Sampson has been sent to join Admiral Dundee.
We expect him here with a portion of his ships by the end
of the month.

Rear-Admiral Sir F. Pellew, it is understood, will hoist
his flag this week at Portsmouth, and receive the usual
salutes.
Captain Charles Clyde, on the retired list of 1840, died
on the 6th instant at Charmouth, in his 87th year. In the
course of his career of 25 years of active service during the
war, he was in many sharp actions.
Commander William Southey died on the 4th instant, at
his residence, Winchelsea, Sussex, after a long illness, in
his 66th year, leaving a widow and nine children to lament
his loss.
REPORTED DEATH OF LIEUT. RATHBONE.—We are
glad to receive the following contradiction of the loss of
Lieut. Rathbone, of the Devastation :—" Dear Sir,—ln
your paper of the 27th ult., in your news from the West
Indies, you say the report is confirmed of the loss of Lieut.
Rathbone and 14 men, off Prince Edward's Island (belong-
ing to the Devastation). I have a letter from Lieutenant
Elliot, first of the Basilisk, who says ho saw Lieut. Rath-
bone on the 10th of November. _ ,

LORD STANHOPE'S ADDRESS TO THE INDUS-

GALLANT CONDUCT OF AN ACTING MASTER.—During
the return of the Firefly, steam-sloop, ommander Sey-
mour from St. Helena to the coast of Africa, a seaman fell
overboard from the bowsprit. Mr. Kidille, the acting
master of the Firefly, and two kroomen, immediately
jumped after him. The man was severely injured by pass-
ing under the paddle-wheel, which at the time was revolv-
ing with considerable velocity ; he could not swim a
stroke; but, fortunately, all were safely picked up, from
the promptness displayed on board in heaving-to and lower-
ing the boats.
THE SHEERNESS COURTS-MARTIAL.—The proceedings of
the Rosamond courts-martial at Sheerness, it is said, have
been quashed on account of informality.

TRIOUS CLASSES.

,Friends and countrymen—An assembly which calls
itself the representatives of the people has determined to
allow the continuance of " unrestricted competition" be-
tween your industry and that of foreigners, but its deci•
sion cannot be considered to express your opinion on that

question which is of vital impOrtance to you all. You
are not represented as you ought to be in that assembly,
for most of you have no votes, and those who have votes
are exposed to intimidation on the one hand, and to cor-
rupt influence on the other. If you enjoyed your
rights I am convinced that the result would have been
very different, for you know that you ought to be em-
ployed and encouraged instead of foreigners, whether
you are engaged in agriculture, in manufactures, or in
handicraft trades, on land, or on the sea, in this country,

WOOLWICH, DEC. 11.
APPOINTMENTS.
Captain Claude H. M. Buckle (1845) to command the
Valorous, 16, paddle-wheel steam-frigate, 400-horse power,
commissioned this day at Devonport.
Lieutenants Lewis C. H. Tonge (1845) to be Flag-Lieu-
tenant to Rear-Admiral J. W. D. Dundas, C. 8., Com-
manding-in-Chief in the Britannia, 120, flag-ship, on the
Mediterranean station - Hon. Augustus C. Hobart (1845)
to the Coast Guard ; William Gore Jones (1848) to the
Cruiser steam-sloop, at Woolwich.
Second-Master Rowland B. Richards (1852) to the Resis-
tance troop-ship, at Woolwich, vice Morrison, promoted.
Assistant-Surgeons Seyton Wade (1846), from serving in
a naval hospital, to the Blenheim, 60, screw steam guard-
ship, at Portsmouth ; Frederick V. Sandford, (1852) to the
Magicienne steam-frigate, at Devonport.

or in its colonies. You know also that the low prices of
any commodities are not more important to you than
your means of purchasing them, and many of you have
already felt severely the evils arising from diminished
wages or from the want of employment, while many
others have been plundered of their property.
I am still, as I have constantly been, and shall always
continue to be, a zealous friend of the rights of labour,
and therefore a steadfast and strenuous supporter of full
and effectual protection to every branch of British indus-
try. I have publicly stated that " I cannot approve of
any system of protection which would not secure to the
labouring classes such a remuneration of their industry
as would provide for them an ample supply of all the
necessaries and comforts of life. If the prices of those
necessaries and comforts are to be increased, it is indis-
pensably requisite, in justice to the labouring classes,
that their wages should be raised in the same proportion,
or even in a greater proportion, if they were previously
inadequate."

" Unrestricted competition" with foreigners in the
various articles which are produced by your skill and
industry, diminishes their prices, and increases, there-
fore, the weight of the taxes with which you are burdened,
by lessening your means of paying them. Unless pro-
tection should be restored to British industry, it will be
your bounden duty to insist that the taxes shall be
reduced in the same proportion as the prices of produce.
It is quite necessary either that prices should be raised
to the level of the payments, or that payments should be
reduced to the level of the prices, and there is no other
alternative. The former would be the result of protec-
tion—the latter is the inevitable consequence of free
I importations. _ _

Free importations, which now go by the name of free
trade, are advantageous for the present to the fundholders
and to the other annuitants, who still receive the same
incomes, and are thus enabled to purchase at lower
prices than formerly many articles which they consume.
Is it just or reasonable that they should receive a greater
amount in value than they did before ? If they were to
receive only the same amount in value, they would be
exactly in the same situation as formerly ; and they
ought not to be placed in a better situation at your ex-
pense.
Free importations are said to be beneficial to you ;
and if such were the case—which, however, I utterly
deny—all classes of the community ought to contribute
towards the attainment of that desirable object. Some
classes should not be robbed to enrich others, but all of