The Sun.
London, England, 1864-06-30 00:00:00

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SIR,—I trust you will allow me space for but a few
words of comment on Admiral Rous's letter. He
appears to consider that the increased size given to
our breed of racehorses, from their having been for
many generations reared in a highly artificial man-
ner, and fed on factitiously rith food, can be at-
tended with unmixed advantage ; but the whole his-
tory of our breeds of stocks of all kinds—witness the
successive breeds of dairy cattle, and some of our
breeds of sheep—show that you cannot give an un.
natural enlargement to a race of animals to fit them
for any of the various uses of man without in some
way interfering with their natural vigour. Thus some
of our breeds of dairy cattle have either died out or
have been crossed with a hardier race of animals,
living in a more natural state and feeding on natural
food. Thus, what was called the breed of new Lei-
cester sheep acquired a delicacy that rendered
them of little value unless crossed with animals of a
more vigorous race. I readily believe that our race-,
horses would vanquish the best Arabs in any trial
but one of very long endurance; but the fact that
the former have more speed than the latter does not
prove that the racehorse would not receive improve-
rnent in stoutness and soundness by a cross with a
breed living under more natural conditions. The
vigour of any race of animals is always greatest
when the race is at its natural size. This vigour of
constitution must not be confounded with muscular
power, which is quite a different thing. lam glad
that Admiral Rous admits that the regulations for
the Queen's Plate were revised in the years 1833,
1847, and 1861, " because they broke down so many
horses," for we are always told that the racehorse
of the present day could run the old distances
under heavy weights with impunity if his owner
called upon him to do so. The fact is, when the
old distances and weights became too severe
for the horses then in possession of the turf, only
two alternatives remained to those who had the con.
trot of the turf and to the breeders—either to go in
quest of fresh blood, or to lower the standard by
which the racehorse was tried. Unfortunately for
those who regret the test of stoutness being given up,
the latter alternative was chosen. A test that
would be barbarous now was not so at the begin.
ning of the century and earlier ; for while in these
days a single race, as the Derby or St. Leger, is often
sufficient to render the winner unsound for life, we
know that horses of former times remained five and
six years on the turf,and ran great distances under
great weights without breaking down. No one
would dispute that " those who pay the fiddler
have a right to call the tune," or that those who
own horses have not a perfect right to do what they
will with their own ; but when those who agree
with me on the question of the deterioration of
horses in certain useful qualities see all the great
component parts of the racing system—as, for in-
stance, the light weight handicaps, and the univer•
sal practice of running horses at a tender age—
lamented and deprecated by many of high autho-
rity on the Turf, we may be excused if we think
that it has ceased to be a system likely to secure
and maintain to us a race of stout sound horses for
general purposes, and if we consider, to use Admi-
Rous's graphic words, that it has become "a game
of weights."—l am, Sir, your obedient servant,

PEILCY WYNDHAM.
44, Belgrave-Equare, June 29.

LIBERATION OF GENERAL LAN GIEWICZ. The
Austrian Government, on the application of the Swiss
Federal Council, has released General Morgan Langiewicz,
who had been confined as a prisoner in the fortress of Joseph-
stad t. The Federal Government has given an assurance
that the general will not return to Poland. The Nord
states that Mdlle. Pustovoloff, the " ex-companion in arms"
of General Langiewicz, is aboui to be married to a litho-
grapher at Yieniaa, a role by birth.

PRICE .4(1.
STAMPED ....sd.

Despatch of Baron Beust to Earl Russell,
[REUTER'S EXPRESS ]
DRESDEN, June 27-
The following despatch has been published here :
" London, June 1.
" Monsieur le Comte—ln endeavouring to explain
at our meeting of yesterday the existing situatien,
and to demonstrate to the Plenipotentiaries of the
new ral Powers the point of view at which it is
requicito they should place themselves, to arrive at
a just and equitable appreciation of the concessions
which the Germanic Confederation would make in
the interests of peace, it appeared to me that I pro-
duced a feeling of surprise. For this reason I oc-
cupy myself to-day, pen in hand, in once more
explaining my idea, and in resuming the thread of
my argument, so as to remove all misapprehension
from a discussion in which it is above all, necessary
that we should come to a good understanding.
" I believed it necessary to recall in principle the
fact that a different order of succession Lad been
considered, from all time and incontestibly, as
legally established in the Kingdom of Denmark
properly so called, and in the Dachies of Schleswig
and Holstein. I added that according to this same'
order of success:on the legitimate sovereign of Hol-
stein ought to be regarded as the legitimate sove-
reign of Schleswig after the extinction of the
Royal branch of which Frederick VII. was the
last representative.
"In proof tUdrtlie fatrallegfk in ,no.w#y4ested
upon a German hallucination, but had equally been
regarded in this light elsewhere, I quoted the note
upon which Lord Palmerston addressed on the 23d
May, 1848, to M.; de Bunsen—a document, the draft
of which will easily be found among the records of
the Foreign Office, and from which I have the
honour to annex an extract. So far as lam aware
it is the note in which Lord Palmerston. has taken
the initiative of suggesting a partition of Schleswig,
an idea now revived pos tot &Sabana reruns. •
" I also called attention to the fact-that the ques-
tion which now occupies us' had, already occupied.
the Cabinet of Copenhagen- in 1846, ChristianNlll.
having attempted to solve .it by •his well known
patent, without, nevertheless, succeeding in so
doing. it is evident, thus, that in the eyes of the
Germanic Confederation, which has never accepted
the Treaty of 1852 (equally intended to solve the
probleM unsolved by the patent of 1846), the Duke
of HOlit-4, Whoever he Might .be, it ipso jure et
ipso faetO Duke of - Schleswig« Bo long us this
duchy' was in the poisession of.a foreign Power, the
quesqoule.hethersthek Confederation ought or ought
not tnelake nzarinaloassist the Dake of Holstein
estakin his riihts "tO SchlesWig was reserved
for theacciskin 'Of. the Diet. But now that this'
latter I bjr II in the :feivier of German troops,
this questiMi.ls set-aside:and deterniineftiiy facts ;
and publkopkoni convincedl-as;;it isiof ,the con
stitutional,insepalabiiityqf thatw? Duchies, would,
scarcely understand ,wpuld be possitife to
give up noaTederal territory, hnt appertainingV
right to a member of the Confedeilitsiin;in:fivlur
of a foreign Sovereign. The &the.
Confederation must take public snelftte
is, into account; his commission .randera it impos-
sible that he should ignore it ; Cad' should con-
sider myself deficient in good faith, and failing at the
same time in respect due to my colleagues, if I al•
lowed a doubt to exist as to the limits within which
my moderation and my desire to remove the exist-
ing difficultiesfind themselves necessarily confined.
"To arrive at a solid and lasting peace, the con-
cessions which I might be called upon to subscribe
ought to be presented in a form which the public
opinion of Germany can accept, in a form which is
not in direct opposition to the ideas which pervade
the Governmeatcand _the governed ; not,. every
concession on my part would only be illusory, and
might justly be made the subject of reproach as a
lure when the Diet refused to cover my responsibi-
lity by its ratification. The frankness which is
my habit is, therefore, upon this occasion, a duty
I shall not fail to fulfil. I desire above all that we
should not he goin g in t wo different directions at once.
If we take right for our basis, I cannot repeat suffi-
ciently often that in the eyes of Germany King
Christian IX. has not the shadow of a right to make
good to the Duchy of Schleswig, since the day when
the Confederation, as it has done, refused to recog-
nise him as Dake of Holstein. This Prince there-
fore would be unable to cede a portion of this Duchy
to the Confederation, or to any one whatever ; on
the contrary, it would be the Confederation, or one
of its members, which might be induced, in the in-
terest of European order, to give up to him a por-
tion of the territory at present occupied by the Ger.
man troops. For the better attainment of the end
we reciprocally desire—the arrival ultimately at a
solid and durable peace—Germany might consent
to give up the portion of Schleswig containing a
population the majority of whom are Danes. The
principle of nationalities is not among our tradi-
tions; it has not been put forward by us. But as
the Government of her Britannic Majesty, in concert
with the Imperial Government of France, has pro-
posed to consult the populations, I do not think
important reasons exist upon this occasion for Ger-
many to offer opposition. The wishes of the Ger-
man populations in the two Dachies are gained in
advance for the solution which Austria, Prussia,
and the Confederation have proposed in the Con-
ference; and the principle of the popular wish once
adopted, it will be right—l will go further, it will
be indispensable—to apply it to the population
calling itself Danish, and to have the boundaries
which may be judged suitable sanctioned by a vote
freely and loyally obtained.
" An agreement would thus be arrived at upon a
frontier which would leave the Danish element out-
side the new State, to which the Duchy of Lauen-
burg would be united as equivalent. I hasten to
add that, in the opinion of the Diet, the succession
question in Lauenburg may be considered as doubt.
ful, but in no way as decided in favour of his Danish
Majesty. As for the engagement not to interfere
in the internal affairs of the Kingdom of Denmark
when the line of demarcation is once fixed and
accepted, nothing prevents our subscribing this
agreement ; we shall do so with the more pleasure,
as we should consider such an engagement a gua-
rantee of peace and a means of cutting short all
future complications. But it is evident that an
engagement of this character would become either
impossible or illusory under an arrangement aban-
doning an entirely German population to Denmark.
" This is, M, le ()orate, the order of ideaswhich I
endeavoured to set forth, and which must neces-
sarily guide me in the difficult negotiations with
which I am charged.
" Within these limits, traced out for me by the
logic of facts and the force of circumstances, you
will always find me ready to concur with you in
everything
which might serve to remove the diffi-
culties of detail still opposing the work of pacifica.
tine upon the basis accepted in principle by the
German plenipotentiaries.
(Signed)

" BEUST."

Tire following is the extract alluded to in the
above despatch, of a note addressed by Lord Pala
merston to Chevalier Bunsen, dated June 23,
1848:

"The future condition of the Duchy of Schleswig
shall be settled upon one or other of the two follow-
ing plans, according to the choice of the King.
Duke :

" First, the Duchy of Schleswig might be divided
into two parts, with reference to the German or
I)inish nationality of its inhabitants, the Southern
and German put being to be called the Southern
Duchy, the northern or Danish part being to be
called the Northern Duchy. The King would
then become a member of the German Confedera-
tion in his capacity of Duke of Southern Schleswig,
as well as in his capacity of Duke of Holstein, and
Southern Schleswig would, like Holstein, form part
of the territory of the German Confederation, and

4,,,

---..---- INTI
•7-0,---
--!;-----,..
.
the sovereignty of Southern Schleswig wou 11-le;1
the same lino of succession as the severe Vi
-i
Holstein. 0 " .---,
"On the ether hand, Northern Schleswig .=
he attached by its law of succession to the Crow
of Denmark, and the sovereignty of that Duchy
•,) , .. _ _

would be inseparably united- with the Danish
Crown:.

" Secondly, if this arrangement should not be
thought cipedient, the Duchy of Schleswig miglA
remain entire and undivided, such as it now is; it
might continue to be administered as it has been
by an Administration established for Schleswig
and Holstein jointly ; end there should also be pro.
estates in which the representatives of the
two Duchies would be assembled together in their
proper respective proportions. In this case the
King of D.:nrnark would remain, as he now is, a
member of the Germanic Confederation in his capa-
city of Duke of Holstein ; but he would not become
member of the Confederation in his capacity cif
Duke of Schleswig.
"No change would in this ease be made is the
law of succession in Schleswig,"

Opening of the Danish Parliament,

We have received the full text of the speech of
the King of Denmark, read at the opening of the
Iti,r4sraad on Saturday, by the President of the
Council. It was as follows :--

We, Christian IX., send to the Rigsraad our
royal salutation. The critical situation of the coma.
try and the extraordinary expenses which the war
li;.s already entailed, and which its continuation
may yet further require, have imposed upon us
the necessity of convoking the Rigsraad, in order
that you may approve of the steps which our
GoverEment has taken, and that you may give
your consent to the measures intended to create
the resources which are indispensable. It is not
we who have provoked war. Our conscience tells
us that we have done all that was in our poWer to
avoid it. We have been attacked by a superior
enemy, under the pretext that we have not observed

the arrangements of 1851 and 1832. Before the

commencement of hostilities our adversaries refused
to accept a conference to consult in a friendly way
with the other signitaries of the London treaty, and
it was not until they had seized the greater part of
the peninsula that they consented to its meeting,
but declaring even then that they did not regard
themselves as bound by the transactions of 1831
and 1852. During the short time that our reign
has lasted we have learnt by bitter experience how
little the clearest rights now weigh in the political
balance of Europe, and how a king and his people
may be abandoned to themselves in the most unequal
contest. Therefore it is that when England, sup-
ported by all the neutral powers which sat in the
Conference of London, demanded of us to renounce
altogether the portion of territory belonging to the
Danish monarchy situated to the south of the Schlei
and Dannewerke, we resigned ourselves to submis.
sion to a sacrifice which was so grievous to us.
This sacrifice has not been accepted by the
German powers. We cannot sacrifice more. To
the exhortations which have been made to us we
have responded by a negative, in the firm convic-
tion that our refusal is that also of the Danish
people. May God change the dispositions of the
powers that hold the destiny of Europe in their
hands ! May He at least grant that the sympathy
of one amongst them be transformed into efficacious
co-operation ! Hereupon we assure the Rigsraad of
our royal favour.
The reading of the King's message was received
by the members of both houses with loud cheers.
At the sitting of the Lower House in the evening
Director :Brix requested explanations from the
Ministry of the state of negotiations at the Confer-
ence. The President of the Council replied :
I consider it quite natural that the house should
desire to receive as soon as possible such explana.
tions as it is in my power to give, but I should not
be justified in yet communicating what has taken
place at the earlier meetings of the Conference. 1
must reserve that until I am able to bring up the
records of the proceedings. At present I must con-
fine rolvself to recounting the state of the negotia•
tions at the latest advices. The situation last Satire-
day was as follows. The enemy persisted in their
demand that Holstein and Lauenburg, with that
portion of Schleswig south of a line drawn from
Apenrade to Hoier, should be deprived of all per.
soiled connection with Denmark, to form a separate
state under a separate sovereign. The Danish
plenipotentiary had declared that his Majesty would
not oppose a cession of territory, provided not only
peace but the entire independence of the rest of the
country would be thereby secured. They proposed
Eckernforde, the Dannewerke, and Frederickstadt
as the frontier line calculated to offer the necessary
military and commercial security. These two
propositions had been made after Earl Russell, is
conjunction with the other neutral powers, had
brought forward a plan placing the line of demarca-
tion south of the Schlei and the Dannewerke, at the
sitting of the Conference on May 28. The Danish
plenipotentiaries had been empowered to accept this
proposition as an ultimatum, as well as to consent
to a prolongation of the suspension of arms for a
fortnight, provided they were assured Lord Russell
would adhere firmly to the proposal put for.
ward by the English Government, and supported by
the three neutral powers. After the Danish plenie
poteutiaries had communicated these instructions to
Lord Russell, the English Minister promised that
he would not himself bring forward, nor support
any motion brought forward by another party, which,
should be more unfavourable to Denmark than that
of the 28th May, unless the Danish Government
should itself consent." After this declaration the
Danish plenipotentiaries consented to a prolonga-
tion of the suspension of arms until the 25th inst.
This was the situation up to Saturday last (the 18th),,
but at the sitting held that day, Lord Russell came
forward with an entirely new proposition, accord..
ing to which only the line of Apenrade to Hoier
should be secured to us, while it should be left to
the good offices of a neutral power to decide how
large a portion of the territory lying between this
line and Eckernforde should be given to Denmark.
The minor details of this last turn of the negotia-
tions are not yet exactly known to me, and I am
unable to explain how far this last proposal—to
which the Government of the King has undoubtedly
not agreed—is reconcileable with the declaration
made by Lord Russell to the Danish plenipoten-
tiaries. lam only as yet able to state that the rem
presentative of the King rejected the proposition at
the sitting of Wednesday, and that the hostile
pc:ewers accompanied their acceptance of it with such
reserves and limitations as to leave the general im-
pression, at the Conference, that their assent was
rather to be regarded as a refusal. lam unable tee
give any intelligence as to the result of to-day's
sitting, but as no order of the day had been settled,
I assume this meeting was the last. I cannot ex-
press any opinion as to the turn political relations
will take after the termination of the Conference
and the resumption of the war, for they will not
begin to develop themselves—especially in England.
—until after these events have taken place.

PRESIDENT LINCOLN AT HIS STORYTELLING
AGAIN.—The representatives of the Union League
waited on President Lincoln at the White House on the
9th inst., to congratulate him on his renomination by the
Baltimore Convention. Mr Lincoln made the following
reply : —" am very grateful for the renewed
confidence which has been accorded to me, both by the Con-
vention and the National League. lam not insensible at
all to the person :1 compliment there is in this, yet I do not
allow myself to believe that any but a small portion of it is
to be appropriated as a personal compliment, The Conven-
tion and the nation, I am assured, ara alike animated by a
higher view of the interests of the crountry for the present
and the great future, and the part I am entitled to appro-
priate as a compliment is only tb at part which I may lay
hold of as being the opinion of the Convention and of the
League, that I am not unworthy to be entrusted with the
plane I have occupied for the 14st three years. I have not
permitted myself, gentlemen, to conclude that I am the
best man in the country; but I am reminded, in this con-
nection. of a story of an old Dutch farmer, who remarked to
a companion once that it was not best to swop horses when
crossing streams,' "

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