The Sun.
London, England, 1852-06-17 00:00:00

FRAGMENTS FROM THE MOUNTAINS. Two Vols.

Vol. I.
VISIT TO THE LAKES ; SKETCH OF EDINBURGH, Ece

Vol. 11.
THE LASES OF KILL LIMEY ; REMINISCENCES OF
DUBLIN, &c.
WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID,

“That three score years and ton our course may rnn.”
A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner-
v°"lY-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that harass
es
- Young, besets the man of pleasure, business, or study, and cm_
bitters old age ; with tables and rules for the diet and physical regu-
lation of every-day life.

910 THE ELECTORS OF THE BOROUGH
-±
OF FINSBURY.
_ _

G'EXTLEMEN,
I have been honoured with requisitions, numeroully signed,- re-
questing me to become a Candidate at the ensuing Election for the
renresentation of your Ileron:k in Parliament.
Possessing the confidence of a small, ;but intelligent constituency,
and not wishing to intrude myself upon the Electors of any Borough
returning Liberal Members to Pa, liaineut, I solicited the .requisi-
tionists Xo afford me opuortunitiesrof ascertaining generally the
wishes and feelings of the Electors -of the Borough of Finsbury.
Public Meetings have been held-in ,difre&nt parts of the Borough,
and resolutions have been passed-by large majorities, affirming time
principles of.the requisitions, and pledging themselves to support me
at the ensuing _Elect ion. After an opinion so widely exPresed, and
almost unanimous, I can no longer hesitate to declare myself ready
to accept the onerous but high distinction of becoming a Candidate
for your suffrages. •
During the time I have had the responsible honour of a seat in
Parliament, I have supported, .by my votes; the great print pie' Of
Commercial and Religious Frcedem, of which. I have ,ever 13 tea the
advocate in private life; but in presenting myself as a Candidate for
the suffrages of so large and important a constituency as the "BO-
rough of Finsbitry, I feel it to bb my duty,, as far as the narrow
limits of an address will, permit, to give you a general outline of my
political opinions

I AM IN FAVOUR OF
_he Extension of the Right of Voting for Members of Parliament,
and that, to protect the poor and honest voter in the free exercise of
his suffrage, the Ballot should be subs:itutel for the present mode
of voting.
That the Duration of Parliament should never extend beyond
Three Years, and the Act requiring a .property,qualification for
Members of Parliament should be repea'ed. • •
Attached to the principlos of Free Trade, I will not only
strenuously oppose every attempt to restore the Corn-laws, but
will, with my utmost ability, aid in procuring the removal of all
restrictions upon the free exchange of the products of our national
industries with those of all other countries.

Our financial policy, based upon no just political or economical
principle, requires to be thoroughly" revised, so as to reduce our
expenditure, and render our system of taxation more equitable in
its operations. . .
In our Military, Naval, Diplomatic, and Colonial Establishments,
large savings may be effected. witho. impairing their eflicieney.
The InCome Tax, Probate Duty, ad, ost-lllre Duty, are 414/10
of the mode by which someclaSse. Jof the community anirMk.
descriptions of preZtty are Unfair improperly amassed.
As one a the representatives orthe people, it would be my 'duty
to endeavour, unceasingly, to. promote economy of expenditure and
to support the introduction of measures by which all classes may
contribute their fair proportion to the revenue of the State. The
reasons offered for the increase or our standing army are, to my
mind, inconclusive, and I have therefore opposed, and shall continue
to oppose, a forced and unequal conscription in .the form of a Militia.
In a free state, religious opinions should not prevent either the
enjoyment of civil rights or .of political power, and I have always
supported the removal of all disabilities on account of religious faith,
and I have been, and shall be, the humble but energetic advocate of
complete religions equality.
I am opposed to the payment of any religious denomination from
the taxes raised for secular purposes, and I am deeply convinced
that a large amount of the demoralization and crime which unhap-
pily exists in these islands arises from a deficiency of education in
the masses of the people.
. _

Now ready, In 3 vols. .Bvo., with fine Portraits, 425. bound,
MARIE DE MEDICIS, QUEEN
of HENRY IV.; and REGENT of FRANCE.

I should, therefore, rrive my earnest and active support to any
measures which would diffuse sound secular 'education amongst all
classes of my fellow-subjects. -
The Reform of the Court of Chancery, the Abolition of the Eccle-
siastical Courts, the Government of our Colonies, by and through
their own freely-chosen representatives, are subjeCts which must
occupy the attention of Parliament during the corning Session, and
in the consideration of these great questions my conduct would be
guided by the great principles of a steady, impartial, and inexpen-
sive administration of the laws, and of full, fair, and free popular re-
presentation.
Believing that the freedom which is enjoyed by the British people
is mainly owing to the diffusion of municipal •nasni opposedtitutis,toandh
the
exercise of the power of local self-government, I i
centralization in the hands of Government-appointed Commissions
the administration or control.. of local affairs, but that.the• people
should govern themselves through their freely-chosen represen-
tatives.
The vast and important interests in the Borough of Finsbury re-
quire from its Members of Parliament a careful attention to its local
affairs, and should I hare the honour to be chosen as one of your
representatives, it will be my duty, as well as my.pleasure, to devote
an assiduous and energetic attention to the general affairs of the
Borough, as well as to the imperial interests of the country.
I have the honour to be, Gentlemen,
Your obedient Servant,
Park Village West, Regent's-park. JAMES WILD.

By Miss PABDOE.
" A fascinating book. A biography. combining the attractiveness
'of romance with tlle reliableness of history, , and which, taking. a
islac'e:miefity'betsVeen the frescoed' galleries' of Thierry and the
philosophic witteli4olv'e'r' of "idiot; has' al the pictorial brilliancy
of the one, with_ uiuch of the reflective speculation of the other."
Daffy News.; =
• 'Colbtifn acid BubliAers, 13,.G.reat 3farlborough•street.

• THE TRAVELLER'S LIBRARY'.
On Wednesday, Jtiuq .30, will he published,. in I Cam, price One ,
• - Shilling, ,
BRITTANY mad the BIBLE • with Remarks
on the French Pcople and their Affairs. By I. lIOrE-
A1.,0, on the sauyt daytiti 16ino.,:priee One Shillink, 1
The N4TUI.tAL HISTORY of CII.E ATION. By T. LINDLEY.
READ ', Af.Dc Ani.l46l,'Eif,'Agrii!ultural•Physiology," &c. - " ..
,t1:-,,4,' The above works will form the 23d and 24th Parts of TIIE
TRAVELLER'S LIBRARV".
Just published in this Aeries, • .
Mrs- JAIVIESPhPS SKETCHES in CANADA and RAMBLES
among the RED MEN. , Price Half-a-Crown ; or in Two Parts, One
Shilling each. . ._

London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Long mans.

MRS. CIIO,,LAND'S NEW WORK.
This day is published. Vice Six Shillings,
y - D

A WOK AN"'4 TOOK.
Mrs, NEWTON CROSLAND,
- - (Late •Camilla .Poulmin.)
- "A Woman's Book it is in. its-delicacy of sentiment, gracefulness
of style, and quick appreciation of character."—Literary Gazette.
"Dire. Crosland's `Lydia' is an .exquisite portrait of 'a true
woman."—Critic.
• " London : Groombridge and Sons, 5, Paternoster-row.

vllE ROYAL BRITISH BANK, on the
Scottish System (Incorporated by Charter), besides the trans-
action of all ordinary Banking business, grants
CASH CREDITS, and allows 3 per cent, per annum on sums of
any amount deposited for Six months.
HUGH INNES CAMERON, General Manager.
LONDON—Hcan OFFICE, 16, Tokenhouse-yard. Baaxencs, 429,
Strand ; 77, Bridge-street, Lambeth ; 97, Goswell-road, Islington.

rarniE WINES of FRANCE and GERMANY
have been carefully gathered, in their respective localities, by
JAMES CAMPBELL, for Sale, at the REGENT-STREET WINE
CELLARS, where, with all other FOREIGN WINES, they can be
obtained by Families at Moderate Prices.
Attention is particularly directed to a fine BORDEAUX WINE.
at
oht2otBlsese, pere in one, two, or three dozen cases, which, with the
ed in the cost now described by the proprietor,
has been appreciated by the public in his City Es-
tablishments s
,rarepudtiaourteieloann, d
during the last 25 years.
Post-office orders, remittances, or town references should be ad-
dressed to JAMES CAMPBELL, 158, REGENT-STREET, London.

GLENFIELD PATENT STARCH
CAUTION

TO WIIOLESALE GROCERS, DRUGGISTS, &c., &c.
It having lately come t) my knowledge, that some unprincipled
person has for some time past been imposing on my Customers, and
the public generally, by offering for sale a Spurious and Trashy
imitation of the Glenneld Starch, This is to give Notice, that I
am the Original and Sole Proprietor and only Manufacturer of the
GLENFIELD PATENT STARCH, and that none is genuine unless
my name be distinctly printed on every Packet, and only can be had
from my Wholesale Depots, 40, Dunlop-street, Glasgow, or 40, King
William-street, City, London.

Ibis caution is pliblished by nv. to prevebtlirther impositittn upol
the public, and serious injury tot rSKI.'"•IIr----" •
ROBERT WOTHERSPOON.

Glentleld Starch Works,
Paisley, June, 1852.

1 Publishqd This Day—Price One Penny.
AIN,ANSWER to JOHN SMALL (of Fetter-
tm. lane) and to his DISINTERESTED "CAUTION' to' the
BRIGHTON SHAREHOLDERS and the' PUBLIC at LARGE,
'against the CRYSTAL PALACE r9inowtl to "Sydenham." .

PATRON—H. R. H. PRINCE ALBERT.
OYAI, L'OL YTECHN IC IN STITUTION.
Madame Bregazzi will give Vocal Illustrations of the Melo-
dies of different Nations in their respective Languages, daily at Four
o'clock.—Bachhoffner and Defries's new Patent Polytechnic, Gas
Fire exhibited and lectured on, on Monday, Wednesday, and Fri-
day, at half-east Three, and on Tuesday and Thursday Evenings, at
Nine.—Lecture on popular Music, with Vocal illustrations, by George
Buckland. Esq., assisted by Miss Blanche Young, It k. of Music,
every evening, except Saturday, at Eight o'clock.—Lectures by
J. 11. Pepper, Esq., on the Alleged Adulteration of the Burton Bitter
Ale with Strchnine, and on the Prevention of Piracy and Forgery by
the Anastatic Process.—Lecture by Mr. Crispe on the Britannia
Tubular Bridge.—Lecture on Voltaic Electricity.—A splendid New
Series of Dissolving Views.—Exhibition of the Microscope, Ike, &C.
Admission, ls.; Schools and Children under Ten years of age,
half-price.

LAURENT'S CASINOS
Lll A RGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street,
St. James's.
.
Open every evening by Laurent's Celebrated Band. Principal
Cornet-a- I iston, M. Boulcourt.
Doors open at Eight o'clock. Dancing to commence at nine, and
terminate at half-past eleven.
Admission—ONE SHILLING.

THE GOLD FIELDS.
A QUESTION FOR THE ELECTORS Or THE CITY OF
LONDON.

Gentlemen,
When you are again called upon to exercise your electorial privi-
leges, peculiar claims from the country will meet your attention.
You have hitherto exercised your influence with the judgment and
patriotism of worthy citizens : approving valuable institutions, and
encouraging lawful commerce, by which the prosperity of the largest
city in tile world is maintained. You have shown your approval of
measures calculated to promote the greatest good of the greatest
numbers, and have encouraged those whose daily exertions have
been directed to this important object ; thus have you on all occa-
sions honoured the efforts of E. MOSES and SON, the Representa-
tives of the people, as Merchant Tailors, Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers,
Boot and Shoe Makers, and Outfitters to all parts of the world.
Thousands are leaving our city and the country, but they do not
leave the precincts of our Government, nor will they be forgotten in
the Legislative proceedings of the British Parliament. Government
has at its disposal 10,000/. for assisting Emigrants : to Australia
they purpose dispatching eight ships every four weeks, which will
carry about 2,400 persons per month; add to this the tens of thou-
sands who go on their own resources, then what a form will this
question assume. E. MOSES and SON are acting their part with
the industry, experience, and success which has always attended
their exertions. Their perfect acquaintance with the Outfitting bu-
siness renders them fully competent for the special claims of the
times ; they have made the most ample and complete arrangements
for supplying everything requisite for the emigrant, and their many
years' experience enables them to do this saperior and more reason-
able than any other house in the world. It is certain that all Emi-
grants sent out by Government or otherwise must have an Outfit,
and for every class an indispensable Outfit is provided by E. MOSES
and SON. This combines every essential to comfort for every Emi-
grant, whatever his profession or occupation, perfectly suited to his
passage and his station. Every article of guaranteed utility and un-
rivaled quality is comprised in E. MOSES and SON'S superlative
Outfits fbr the accommodation of Emigrants. E. MOSES and SON
maintain a separate department in their gigantic Establishment ex-
pressly devoted to the Outfitting Branch.
All necessary information gratuitously supplied to Emigrants. A
full list of Outfits may be had on application, or post free to any
part of the kingdom.
CAUTION.—E. MOSES and SON are under the necessity •of
guarding the public against imposition, having learned that the un-
tradesmanlike falsehood of " being connected with their Establish-
ment," or "It's the same concern," has been resorted to in many
instances, and for obvious reasons. They have
No CONNEXION WITII ANY OTHER HOUSE IN OR OITT OF LONDON,
except their own Establishments, as follows
Landon City Establishment, 154, 155, 156, and 15i, Ainories, 83,
84, 85, and 86, Aidgate, opposite the Church, all communicating.
London West-end Branch, 506, 507, 508, New Oxford-street, 1,2,
and 3, Hart-street, all communicating.

Bradford (Yorkshire) Branch, 19, Bridge-street.
Sueftleld Branch, 36, Forget°.
Merchant T,ilors, Clothiers, Matters, ITOiderg,
Farriers, Batt
and Shoemakers, and General Outfitters for Ladles and Gentlemer
The P.stablishments are closed from sunset Friday to sunset On
Saturdays, when business is resumed till Twelve o'clock.

~1~Cr: ~.. .-. n.....

TRIBUNALS- OF COMMERCE.
At a Public Meeting, held at the London Tavern this day,
• - • MONTAGUE GORE, Esq., in the Chair,
The following resolution was unanimons'y carried:—
Moved by Mr. THOMAS LEE, and seconded by'Mr. THOMAS ASTON,
That the resgnation of the following gentlemen he accepted, viz.—
Mr. 3. M. FRASER.
' Mr. R. C. I'OLTIELL.
Mr. DAVIEL MACFARLANE.
Mr. CHARLES WHITE. •
And that tliey do hand over to Mr. Francis .Lyre, the Honorary Se-
cretary to this Movement, 8.11 Books and Doenmentain their posses-
sion, and the balance of any Cash iu their hands.
FRANCIS. LYNE, Honorary Secretary.
12, Mark-lane, Jose 16, 1852.

10XTRA STEAMER to the CAPE of GOOD
juji 110 PE . The GENERAr. • , SCREW STEAM-SHIPPING
COMPA.NrS screw steamer HELLESPONT, 530 tons, W. WATTS,
Commander, will sail from Plymouth, punctually, on the 25th inst.
She has 'excellent accommodation 'for Passengers, and space for a
limited quantity of fine goods.

A new Book, entitled " The Library of Elegance," containing a
full list of prices, and directions for self-measurement, can be had,
gratis, on application, or forwarded, post-free, to any part of the
kingdom.
A handsome Almanac for the year ending 1852 can be had, gratis,
on application.

lei l'on panic rrancais. I Qui si parla
Hier spricht man Deutsch. Aqua se habla Espanol.

children that self-respect
fashionable, neat,
CLOTHING is EDUCATION, when it
characterized by
duces in the minds of youths and
inseparable from virtue and respectability,pro-
and servleable dress only can do this. E. 1N0)4
nh
se
a 1 best.Se aworkmenn dS
f°most
nifleent preparations for the ensuing va:andtiot
novelties in innumerable styles and fashions. A set
celebrated artists, British and Foreign,Nth'Se nlag-
trade are expressly employed by E. MOSES and SON for the in.the
Juve-
nile Department of their gigantic trade ; by this arrangement,
mand
novel, neat, stylish, and substantial Juvenile Clothing ; the pectilia°c•t'
ity of the cut affords perfect ease and freedom in all exercises, tifild- 1
at the same tints secures a correct and admirable at. Materials in-
every pattern, colour, and device, give the amplest satisfaction to
all tastes. cheapness, combined:with every excellency, are plain
reasons why universal patronage is bestowed on E. MOSES and
SON'S Juvenile Clothing.
CAUTION.—E. MOSES and SON regret having to guard the
Public against imposition, having learned that the nntradesmanlike
falsehood of " nein lwith their Establishment," or " it's
Beim connutec
the same concern," has been resorted to in many instances, and for
obvions reasons. They'
beg to state
that they have
No CONNEXION WITII ANY OTHER HOUSE IN OR OUT OF LONDON,
Cityex;tespt their own Establishments, t s follows
London:—
84, 85, and i46,allishment-154, 155, 156, and 154, Minorles ; 83,
dgate (opposite the Church), all comtnunicat'ng.
London West End
Branch
eating. —I, 2, and 3, Ilan-street, all coMMuni-
Bradford (Yorkshire) Br
Sheffield, Branch, 36, Faergnch, 19, Bridge-street.
Merchant Tailors, Clothiaetre,' TT ft
Shoemakers, and General OuAti-n -erP'
gesture,
Farrier% Boot and
The Establishments are closed ern for Ladies and Gentlemen.
set on Sento as s, when briraine.,, ititr"in sunset on Frida3s till sun-
A new Book, entitled " The Lthcrimo., till ~.v. ~,e.a.
list of prices, and directions for self-mreYa°f Eleg:mce," containing full
on application, or forwarded post free to
surernetit, can be had, gratis,
A handsome Almanac for the year endiany
1 Part of the kingdom.
on application. 852, can be had, gratis,
1
Id l'on parle Francais. I Qui si Parl
flier spricht man Deutsch, A a Italian°.
flierVA Be 1104 Espanol. 1
Pa .

For passage apply at) the Offices of the Company, No. 2, Royal
Exchange-buildings ; for freight, to.Alessri. Balfour, Laming, and
Owen, 157, Fenchurch-street.

f .INCOLNSHTRE and :NORFOLK
RAILWAY.
JLA
PROVISIONALLY REGISTERED.
At a Public Meeting of the Inhabitants of Ilolbeach, and other
parts of the District between Spalding and Lynn, traversed by this
proposed Railway, held in the Market Room, in Ilolbeach, on
TituasoAkv, the 10th inst.,
JOHN CARTER, Esq., in the Chair,
It was resolved,
That the CONSTRUCTION of a RAILWAY between SPALDING
and LYNN, with a BRA_NCII to WISBEACII, will be a great benefit
to the Agricultural and Mercantile interests of this district.
Until the Pro.spectus is published,.all communications in reference
to this Railway, to be addressed to Mr. T. L. Marriott, Solicitor,
10,,Tokenhouse-yard, London.

THE EBRO CANALIZATION COMPANY•
COPIES of thoREVISED"PROSPECTUS may now be had
on application at the Offices of the Company, No. 4, Adam's-court,
Oid Broad-street, London.

By order,
C. STEWART, Secretary pro. tern

THE• PROVIDENT CLERKS' MUTUAL
LIFE ASSURANCE ASSOCIATION (enrolled under the
Friendly Society's Acts) and BENEVOLENT FUND.
Established 'lB4O.
TRUSTEES.
Thomas Baring, Esq.. 3r.P.-- W. G. Prescott, Esq.
Thomsott liankey, Jun., Esq. Baron L. de. Rothschild, M.P.
TREASURER oeltru BENEVOLENT FUND.
• -725111:1 Abel Smith, Esq., M.P.
For the important advantages offered by this Association to Clerks
and the Public in general, apply to the Secretary.
42, Moorgate-street, LondO;;..Al ny 1,1;8 1152: BYRNE, Secretary.

IMPORTANT MEDICAL AND
.SURGICAL7WORKS,
Just published, by H. Bailliere, 219,
Regent-street, LondoS.
1C
Bvo., in cloth, price ss° I.
~ by post free, ss. 6d.,
ON TRUE & FALSE Si'ERMATORRIICEA ;
with the View to the CorreCtion of wide-spread Errors
in relation to the Treatmeut and'cnre of Sufferers from Debility of the
(Trterative System, or Sexual Hypochrondriasis. Translated from
the? German of Dr. PICRFORD, of the University of Heidelberg.
Pickfori is known to English readers by his frequent practi-
cal contributions to German medical literature. This is 'the first
time, he 'informs us, that he has addressed himself to the non-medi-
cal reader. We trust this tray not be the last, if he shall
detect any other equally flagrant evil which it May be in his
power to correct."—London Medical Gazette, May 30, 1851.
—" The ettitarilas'eafferft.rralrelit 15b6h.bilthe sufferera from this
distressing malady by translating.thiS little book, and by laying bare
the scandalous practices of unqualified adventurers, who profess to
cure a disease of which they know nothing, with no other object
than to fill their own purses. The difference between true Sperma-
torrhcea and the various forms of disease which resemble it are
accurately described, and thusm eadicsaalfec guide
ay 5, is
e i‘oifferedfortsh2e.
treatment of the malady „
---" We have delayed-so long upon the contents of 'the preliminary
chapter, that we have Scarcely left' urselves space for any notice of
tho subject specially treated of by'Gr. Plekford ; but the moderate
price at which the-' brochure' Is sold, plaoes it within the reach of
matter. every one interested in the atter."—Dublin Medical Press, April
39; 1852.

RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS.
BRISTOL, JUNE 16.

STOCK EXCHANGE.—The share market was more than
usually buoyant to-day, and prices were firm. The transac-
tions reported were—Bristol and Exeter, 97Y2—Great 'West-
erns, 925/4—Taff Vale, New, 234 p.
LIVERPOOL, JUNE 16.

STOCK EXCHANGE.—There was an improved feeling ex-
hibited in the share market to-day, and a large business
has been done at higher prices. The transactions were as
fol!ow :—Caledonian, 20%—Eastern Counties, 9 —East
Lancashire, 1814—Lancashire and Yorkshire, 751 A—Ditto,
Fifths, 5% dis.—London and North-Western, 125—Ditto,
New Quarters, 5% p.—Ditto, Fifths, 4%
691/B—Shrewsbury and Chester (Oswestry and Chester),
1414—South-Eastern and Dover, 2114—York and pisTortu
Midland, 24%—York, Newcastle, and Berwick, Preference,
unpaid7up, dis.
- , MANCHESTER, Jurrx 16.

STOCK EXCHANGE. —The share market presented an im-
proved appearance to-day, and prices generally had a ten-
dency upwards. The transactions were as follow :—Black-
burn (B), Prefererce, s—Caledonian, 20%—Eastern Coun-
ties, 93/—East Lancashire, Quarters, IB—Lancashire and
Yorkshire, 75%—London and North-Western, New Quarters,
5 t,4 69a

THE AUSTRALIAN GOLD FIELDS.

Iv.
THE PASSIONS.
"What passions hurt the body—what improVe,
Truths as refilled as Athens ever heard."
RtrUEer•—Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The ad-
rent of the passions. Chastity and its infringements. The casual-
ties oflicentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations graphic, liar-
4thre, and remediative. Advocacy of early marriages.

I LECTURE AT THE SOCIETY OF ARTS.
Yesterday evening the• most crowded meeting ever
seen within the walls of the Society of Arts assembled
to hear Mgt Shilling, a gentleman recently returned from
the Australian ,gold fields, read a paper descriptive of the
.i diggings," their geological features, present position,
and future prospects. Some specimens of quartz and
" nuggets," provided by the kind attention of Professor
Tennant, were exhibited, but so geteat was the crowd
thaLo.nslyialufLeiwziainretande
ti:en:fe:llioawt,eini:ip,aahlygeoru:rh_ood of the
table could geatify their curio: 41y by an inspection.
The chair having been taken by Mr. Winekworth,
"The Australian cordillera run in a lino with the
coast, and at an average distance of less than one
and mesaambidgee• which
hun-
dredsh miles from - the,
known
Island ntah4tt the geological
he waters are all
tributaries of the Darling
unite to force the Murray, wring iet„ the sea near
Adelaide, Gold hes been. fouud an both sides of these
cordillera, and chiefly, as we shalt we,. in the smal-
ler
the Murray may be said to, constitu
streams and bends of the rivers; ;:butthe basin
to the Austra-
lian gold field. It is we(lllre
character of these ranges is the same as that of the Sierra
Nevada of California and Ural mountains of Russia.
And in. Australia, as in these countries, by far the
largest supply of gold has been procured from the banks
and beds of rivers flowing through .* accumulated
enasees of debris, either torn from the :mountain sides by
some couvuleion of nature, or brought down by the floods.
of past ages. Even although a hundred-weight has been
.found in the, matrix at one spot, it woolii
be assuming
more than wo have any foundation for d, leg, to so that
'gold -may anywhere--life found con , . ated in large
tialaatities; every circunastance ratje ,'Y'se ids to prove
rtniteiteltas existed but • rarelyein ,„,,- ,a, nrrate •
that these have been so broken up in the coarse of ages,
and disseminated amongst the debris of mountains, that
it Is now almost hopless to search after matrix gold. The
very outline of these hills and mountains, almost without
exception rounded, and with Precipices of any magni-
tude, but seldom showing themselves, would make it,
probable that their surface irregularities have been caused
by detritus, so as to give this peculiar character to the
scenery, the only distinguishing feature that the gold
field perhaps possesses. Imagine a number of enormous
haycocks, from 5 to 1,500 feet high, packed as close
together as impenetrable substances of such a shape
could be generally crammed, in ranges,
but sometimes
isolated ; their steep slope covered to the summit with
the thin evergreen, or rather ever-brown bush of Aus-
tralia, and you will have a very fair idea of the general
appearance of the gold districts. Its other features are
such as are common to mountainous countries, with the
limpid stream winding down the deep
-valley between
the projecting spurs, or noisy torrent rushing
ously down the adjoining gully. Most of theingreetilrs:
s
however, deserve the name only after heavy rains; at
other times they are little better than a succession of'
often,wa t e'. holes,od o ed,
united,seems to
findperhaps, i
t way with difficulty from
by a streamlet which
one iole to another ; yet precipices, formed by the tear-
ing away of steep banks, show not unfrequently the
forcew ithwhNwicehthSeiorusthwalWlenalwesa,terthse rust
tng takes
ate
timesthe
have
rolled.
name of Blue Mount:ins, which in the early days of the
colony opposed a formidable 'barrier to its extension.
Many attempts had been made to cross them in vain ;
but the drought of 1813 led to another attempt on the
part of the three gentlemen, of whom Mr. Wentworth
was
one ;it
ofwas
theco mehteulrya t d c
successful,
istrit,
the opening taking
road was
at its name
from
once the
otootvoinmethoeoend.founTdheids, to which
has
aas
been since
improved
as not the
least among the triumphs of engineering skill.
by Sir T. Mitchell, and :
'This barrier thus removed, nothing has since
stopped the progress of the settler in his
search for
new pastures, and the consequence is, that about two-
thirds of the small population of 200,000 are very thinly
scattered over an enormous territory; the other one-third
are town population. The choicest valleys in the moun-
tains have thus become occupied by sheep stations or
small settlers, and for years the gold-bearing stream has
been used for domestic purposes, and the soil tilled
without gold having been discovered. This may at first
excite surprise, but it must be remembered that gold is
so sparingly and minutely disseminated throughout the
soil thitasl
that it isTohnelyre is processintshoeoroolymore appearance of it on
of washing that it re-
vealsthe surface than on that of Wimbledon-common or.
Putney-heath. Indeed, as Mr. Hargreaves, the disco-
verer, wrote from California to his brother when he
says, "I am very forcibly impressed that I have been in
a gold region in New South wales, within 300 miles 01
Sydney; unless you know how to find it you may live
for a century in the region and know nothing of its
existence." This was dated March 5, 1850, and per-
haps originated a rumour which circulated in the news-
papers long previous to the discovery; but ears before,
several eminent leiylogiils; espittorrY e- 'eon
and the lt,v. Mr. Clarke, had predicted the existence of
gold. Mr. Clarke, indeed, professes that ho could have
found it, but would not,
as it was inexpedient, the colon)
being a convict one. A shepherd had even been known to
have sold gold in considerable quantities in Sydney, but
he kept his secret in spite of the geologists, and not
until the now Ophir was proclaimed in May last year,
The locality
was the mystery of his• wealth revealed.
thus named by Mr. riergreaves is a deep ravine, throe*.
which flows the Summerhill Creek, from the lofty
and 5,000 feet high. So deep
sun. On one side it is bounded by rocks
iCsatnhoollruasr,inbeettwheaetnt4h,eoodoiggers
of quartz and
schist, in some places almost perpendicular. The ex-
citement caused by the discovery, as you may readil
d by
imagine, was very great, and the mail was besiege}
crowds, who had waited with impatience for confirmatory
accounts. These had no sooner arrived than an almostf
along the high road without perceiving the 3
instantaneous change took place in the aspect of tualgs
and it was impossible to stir out in the streets or walk
enjoy very little of the
Cradles and digging paraphernalia intruding upon the
pathway, half-finished houses deserted by the workmen,
and a large proportion of the shops closed, gave a new
and melancholy appearance to the streets. The
outfits than those of the hundreds who
road would have furnished to a Dickens matter for
many a page ; for more motley crowds or stranger
Iteration.
joined in the
first rush to the mines could he conceived.
At the same time provisions, and especially flour,
prices.
rose to hitherto undheard-ofThe 21b. loaf,
previously 3d., became as much as 9d. at SYdn°Y; and
flour at Ophir was scarcely to be had for money, 13'i• a
ton was even advertised to take it there, 150 miles. The
necessity of taking provisions with them acted as a
check upon the number of diggers still it is estimated
that while, during the first ten days, there were 400 at
scarcely
Ophir, these bad increased in another fortnight to 2,000,
with hundreds still on the road. The
they had to work was limited, and they were but badly
provided for the winter, which, in the mountains, is
quite another thing to what it is at Sydney. During
etaa, and July almost as many space
were to be seen return-
nothing
log from the mines as had before been going there,
and mostly in very sorry plight. The severe season,
heavy rains, and perhaps in part the extravagant hopes
formed, sure to be disappointed, because extravagant,
will account for this reverse. Hopeful they had les-
sened the difficulties, thought within which
and magnified the profits; and whoa they found it all so
different, returned in disgust; such, nu at least, was the case
with many of tho Sydney adventurers. The consequence
was that the diggings becamethe best place to hire la-
and the cheapest place to nee, flour and bourers for
pro-
visions had been sent up to supply a population which
bad vanished. As instance of thisof the labour,
re-action I may men-
tion one case, in which a party was
afterwards taken in part
and then brought downthe ports in
This again to
payment,
market. Teas lesson
h of a better m
and . reverse proved a
search
oeamraany in the colony,
especially,
its. action,
I imagine, to those
.clerks who had only hesitated going
Government
they had h about
to tho mines because . o,_
taking up stores which were 3
mt Riven to understand
that none who left their appointments to receive 401. for
Would have them
well induce those
about to leave
side their own
this country to con side, - fitness, before they
0 r difficulties—nothing
madly enc unte "nsurmountabl s perhaps, to navvies
men, but i,
and strong thes„hen bY the sedentary and
weak. But many of thus returned only
houl be 0
waited till the winter s
fact 4 h
,ver, when they
were
again; in t 0 gold fever,' •
resolved to try
intermittent in as it may
well be called, is inter
again. And it may
though disappointedagain and nom. in
seized by it,
e remains, and the -."1-in,
most cases the diseas
dreads unhappy patient,
discontented and unsettled,totry
his lack oncenothing so muchas
want of the means
the shee more. Mean-
while, this re-action enabled owners to get in
some months 1.
last year's clip, as it was e the accounts
where the nextdiscovery,and once
explored by
from the Turon,
attracted the adventurers. diggers from Ophir,
re-attracted
have hitherto attu'ers. In New
South Wales the Turon
as 20,000 are beenestimated the principal
diggings, and as many The tn....._,_. mated to have
been there at one time. and at the
'1111"P of Sofas has
been founded with its church,_
d been licensed, end of the year
blic-houses had One of which on
two patook 1
I beard, 5OO . Sofala is about 30
its opening day,
Bathurst,
and 18 through the bush
miles from
Ophir. The hills are
The is for riverth at times
t
deserves the
nar
after sinking °moat
pact
schistose, and is reachedilland pebbles baked throughhard,
d a re
clay, a strata of
c)
there is a red sandstone, together;one, or rather
sometimes below thishard
as to resemble a rock, and then
sand bound 5°
bard bake. Sometimes the • r
another layer of
ofsoapstone; and mine
to strata .,. ; pipeclay is com-
moncomes
f the river cia.ms. There are other
in eom© 0
the top of the bills for banks, and
the labour of ea
claims on
rrY
iog. the auriferous earth to the
,
t, but several carts were
employed
stream is very gici, a
load,
ca
and one cradletake
in doing this at
rl
.. d.ay.
These dry diggings, ofacourse,
four cartloade pe
aof never being flooded, which, in
hey° the advantage
winter of last year,•
the is a very
a wet Beason like,l. but there is much more uncertainty
great one ind'e" ' - ' the creek
than in those in and river beds,
in them attention soon enable to
experience and
of a man
where eaper some degree certainty. here
,n, with
choose a Pin-- : A in certain places haain Far
the gold is
dePaS"" than in g peculiar
i
others.
B k •th a
ientifallY . an
wi
features more p
from guises covered with the detritus of the
gentle slope it sharp turns in the stream and
auriferous rocks, short
with upturned edges,, .
and crevices
rocks in its bed lying
forming receptacles pockets for deposits,
or - are pretty
gold in abundance is to be got, and
sure indications that
lasel to be f -
at the turn
the greatest deposits Ore Y found

JUNE 16.
STOCK EXCHANGE.— There was a fair amount of business
done to to-day. 'Among the sales effected were—Birming-
ham, Wolverhampton, and Stour Valley, 10%—Shrewsbury
and Birmingham (B), 63/.

Appetite, and
suffered for
aore
EADVERTLSENIENT.j—iiOiiOWay'S Pills
remedy for Sickness of the Stomach, Loss of llpnp
mGaekneerr,aloDf Debility.—e The
oldw,ifpeloomf
slrera.d,Thhaodmsaus Ransom, boot
than seven years from fickncss of the stomach and loss of
petite, and was so debilitated as to be compelled to keep 11-
bed. She had been to the hospital for advice, and under dif-
ferent medical men, but without benefit, and at this time her
life was despaired of. As a last resource Holloway's Pills were
tried, and, to the astonishment of all her friends, they produced
immediate relief, and soon restored her to sound and robust
health.—Sold by all Druggists and at Professor Holloway's
Establishment 244, Strand, London. •
RESOLVE NOT TO BE Poon.—Whatever you have,
spend less. Poverty is a great enemy to human happiness.
It certainly destroys liberty, and it makes some virtues im-
practicable and others eztrauely difficult.--Dr. Johnson.

THE MARRIAGE STATE.
To be or not to be, that Is the question."
PlOartAisrcs :—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and reli-
gion regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and
choice, on both sides, as to age, temperament, complexion, and
;Or, 6. toi secure healthy offs rin, with the art of rearing them.
Tees,
defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.
%Mies, Lc.
By R. J. CULVERIVELL,M.D.(IB4I),
1824, M M.R.C.S. (1827), L.S.A.
Twenty-five years Medical and FOlllllOO Referee in these
'motet/. Reception hours daily till nye. EVOilinVe 80VtA till
108.4/LTUVIMet Itegentltreet.

_ _____ _____
~
..
...
•
-
9 ~„, Wejl , V i
•, .. , , 1 .
'
, mar.:l,-=, i.,,, -7, -,:,./
4t
f .1-UMW 17, 1852.
N°.18,639.] LONDoN 'THURSDAY iO.- . _ .
, kick r y ~i . ~, Xpe _ .
7

of the stream on and near the projecting points, but, in
the dry diggings, there is little to gjde the digger; he
has no idea until he has actually trieenietd dug a bole to
the bed rock what his fortune is likely to be, and the
depth to which he haa to dig varies from lift. to aOft.,
and "eien. more. After passing. through the loose top
soil and rod clay ho comes to the mixture of red marly
earth, in which are bedded gravel and pebbles. The
pebbles increase in Size es ho gets nearer to the bed reek.
where he finds boulders 100 lbs. and upwards in weight,
evidently worn by the ettrition of water through can-
uries. At this depth the soil is white cud clayey. The
mixture 'of earth and 'pebbles is extremely hard, end
picks worked ou it require to be pointed very often
After working down through this to bed rock, tbe gold
digger may, be .rewarded handsomely, and he may, on
the other hand, have' thrown all his labour away. Some
such holes, 'l6 or, more feet deep, yield barely 'a quarter
of an outlets u elay during washieg, while others not half
the depth may yield from five to tea. ounces. Oekey
Creek is the richest of those falling into the Toren, and
immense lioles, piles of rubbish, heaps of pebbles, and
cradle tablings, showed even last November that it had
been well explored.. A smaller creek of the same name,
seperated from it by a dividing ridge, is also exceed-
ingly rich. Aboat two miles up it the banks beCome
very precipitous and rugged, and there is a fall of about
fiteen feet. Above the fall it is a more watercourse over
table land occupied as a sheep station. The women even
at the sheep station took knives and pint pots, and ga-
thered the gold from the crevices of the rocks, but the
scarcity of water prevented any extensive cradling.
What must have been the sensations of the people at the
sheep station at seeing so much gold dug out of the spot
where they have been for years in the habit of filling
their tea-kettle? • The rocks about both these creeks are
schist and qaarta, And appear to beemach worn, the, tops
and sides of the ridges being covered with their detritus.
Where exposed to the weatheielhe schist is of a grey
and of a red boldur, bat in the bed of the creek it is often
blue and green, and has a polished appearance.
Quartz veins traverse it in a north and south
direction. The prices on the best claims on
the Turon will afford some clue as to its richness. The
best one was sold for nine hundred pounds, and
the purchaser allowed two days' trial, in which he got
1601. towards the purchase-money. The bed rock was
nine feet from the surface, and very uneven, jutting up-
wards in masses, forming huge pockets for holding the
precious metal. Another claim, sold for 7001., did not
repay the purchaser, though 71bs. were found one day,
and 51bs. the next. One party, called rangers, procured
1,5001. worth in four or five weeks; but, says the corre-
spondent of the paper, the enumeration of such remark-
able successes can only have a prejudicial effect in
giving a false notion of the general success of the
miners; for besides the-rich golden Point, Sheep Sta-
tionpointr,efaungo to
dßattihnoHseillw,
hthoefireedist:
iPtefntonmywoetitgehrtwhaoilt.l,
a city of
To expect more than a bare subsistence was out of the
question, and yet to see them toiling at their miserable
task, delving away like mad, carrying huge bags of soil
to be washed, and the whole hill like an ant hill with
bustle and hurry moving with active life, you would
fancy they were making their fortune, and almost
breaking their necks to make it soon, As an instance of
the floods with which these mountainous districts are
sometimes visited, I will read a description of one which
occurred in Oakey Creek in the middle of December.
It is supposed to have been caused by the breaking
of a water-spout during a thunder-storm, for the pro-
digious volume of water which, in less than an hour
from the commencement of the storm, poured its devas-
tating flood down the creeks, could scarcely owe its rise
s filled
comingev
entoottohermheoafvwieisotdf,alwl
asofthroaiono.lyAwarloouidogr, roar, like
before
eoroa
the miners had time to think, the moving mass of waters
sweptwa
s a uponwa them;away
to
destruction; c radles and
holesother
ood implementsexoavatexcavations
up, and heaps of useless earth thrown up by miners
were levelled down, burying what tools were
tnhoetrcearwreierde
away, and restoring somewhat the former appearance of
the creeks before they were disturbed by the pursuit of
gold. Miners barely escaped with life, and
one or two fatal accidents. After the flood, the waters
of which subsided almost as quickly as they rose, the
banks of the creek, especially about the highest water-
mark, were thinly sprinkled with gold, which the miners
quickly gathered; one nugget of one ounce was picked
up. The diggings of New South Wales, next in import-
ance to the Turon, were, I think, Braidwood or Aralven
diggings, in the county of St. Vincent. The correspondent
of the Empire, Dec. 10, says, I was astounded at the
busy scene; ;the entire bed had been rooted up from
20 to 25 feet, and in each excavation from 6 to 10 men
were engaged in dislodging the auriferous soil, and
conveying it to the cradles near the water course, for' the
purpose of separating the gold from the detritus. The
Major's Creek (which has proved the richest) is pro-
perly a swamp, covered in most places with long silky
grass in tusfocks, The surface soil is black and rich in
she extremes suitable for garden ground. _This runs. to
the depth of 'from 5 to 8 feet, under which is a stratum
of decomposed granite, the richest veins are blue and
green, and passing through these a mass of solid rock or
boulders of considerable size are found beneath; the ad-
jecent hills are granite and auriferous to a greater or
less extent. Some thirty miles to the north of the
Turon is the Naroo, a creek, or river, in the county of
og,loaoskeidt
for
in flowing into the Cadgegong; it has never
been so well tried as either of fho others; and, being on
a much larger scale, affords room for thousands.
Gold is here found in surface earth, in black and
is generally conisoidfaeroetd, the moat red gravel; and under the gravel, in blue clay, which
mean"
as the gravel, so easily disintegrated, will have
itoaingrsaytheel, separroomelyisibn
allowed the heavy metal to fall through to the bed of the
stream; but the clay is perhaps never thoroughly disin•
tegrated, and the masses, when deposited, have still gold
disseminated throughout them; but this clay is very bad
to work in the cradle. Not unfrequently it rolls up in
balls about the sine of pills, and carries the gold with it,
as it clings so tenaciously to the crevices of the larger
stones that uo ordinary amount of rocking will separate
it from them, and the atones may be thus thrown away
with no inconsiderable quantity of dust clinging to the
sides. The clay should perhaps be steeped in a trough,
or better still, dealt with in some kind of a puddling,
The Louisa Creek, so famous on account of the cut, is
a tributary of the Naroo; but here the diggings are on
a table land some distance from the stream. The his-
tory of the cut is, I presume, too well known for me to
repeat. I will only mention that, while staying at the
Commissioner's, I saw several times the black who
pointed_ it out to Dr. Kerr, and having squandered
his reward, he was cutting bark for the barracks at 4d.
a sheet. Another magnificent nugget, valued at, I be-
lieve, 1,3001., was found some months after by Brenan's
party, and several smaller once since. A company is
now working a half-acre claim in this locality, so that
the diggers have been driven from the choicest part.
Their average get up to the time of my leaving was 10
ounces a clay, with 30 men employed, who received 2/. ss.
wages and rations. This is much above the average of
the previous diggers, showing the great advantage of
system. I had the pleasure of dining with the company
on Christmas-day off roast beef and plum-pudding, the
thermometer being 100 deg. in the shade. About 55
miles from Bathurst aro the Abercrombie diggings. The
river may be described as tthe Turon on a grand scale,
the mountains loftier, creeks and gullies deeper, and
river a more important stream. Its geological features
are precisely similar, consisting of slate, alter-
nating with trap and porphyry, and that peculiar
gravel deposit under which such abundance of
gold has been discovered at the Turon is to be
seen cropping out at many points of the river; but
the work at the Abercrombie is, mere hen-scratching
compared to the Herculean labours at the Terrine . But
it would be tedious and impossible to go through the
long list of diggings, and the probability is that in the
out-of-the-way valleys and gullies there are yet other
generally unknown ones where many a digger may be
rocking his _cradle and saving his license fee. The ones
I have mentioned are the enter In New South Wales.
.Of Victoria I can only speak from report. The first ac-
count of its goldfields which reached New South Wales
with discredit. It
all Victoria gold news was received
has since, however, been incontestibly shown that their
• hest • they are nearer, too, to the capital,
were quite unwarranted by facts, so that for some time
mines are the ric •
drained of its population, while Sydney was at
which in part accounts for the greater yield, as it was
almosttme
perhape more than decimated. Buninyong was
nth% first discovered. It is about forty miles from
forest in the midst of a magnificent
anopenagricultural country. A pretty valley, clothed with
and is, described as on the edge of
side, with a verdant meadow spread
timber on either
h which ripples a stream lim-
e the bottom, through
out
bably till the search for gold gave it a colour and
pid pro
more resembling pea-soup. On one side a
consistency
round hill projects into the basin, • and is honey.
little rou
tied with holes eighatset square. Mount Alexander
,cease_
he ortle,10:111 as in Now South Wales, it
is more to t
the richest yield of gold is obtained from a strata
13°feballuse clay found at a depth of from two feet to nine
of et From these cireumstances it will readily be ima-
ginede—* two kinds of diggings—river dig.
that there are
and dry diggings: at the dry diggings, away alto-
gether Geelong,
suppose. a party of diggers
liectriseeaway from the stream, gold must be found near
the surface. But we will
Unless they are so fortunate as to have
gold field.
time when ci• •
• dat a time some now diggings have been
arrive
over all the difficulties of the road and arrived on the
discovered, and before all the claims are occupied, they
have to prospect in search of one: so while some are i
left in charge of the property, others, provided with
will
start on the pro.
pie ,
tour : the pan is merely a large round
specting
tthe shallow tin dish, into which, as
flat-bottOm
spade, and prospecting pan,
Beek: lee y come to what they consider a good
oace, they will throw a spadeful of earth and stones
--carrying it down with them to the stream,
they will here dip it into the water and shake it, thus
snowing the particles of gold, if there, to descend by
their weight through the upper layer of agitated earth
and stones, then holding it so that the water may carry
off the earth through which it will have passed, they
again dip it in the water, and repeat this simple process
until the earth is all carried away and the gold only
left. As soon as they find it in what they consider
paying quantity, they will choose some convenient place
oTathostrears
exactlywhere th they may establish their cradle.
The cradle the came
same
thing as the common
domestio article, with an upright wooden handle at.

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