The Sun.
London, England, 1864-09-13 00:00:00

ARRIVAL OF THE PERUVIAN.

The steamship Peruvian, belonging to the Cana-
dian Mail line, reached Liverpool this evening (Mon-
day). She left Quebec on the 3d inst., and she con-
sequently made the shortest run on retard. By
thin arrival we receive Now York papers to the Ist
and Canadian of the 3d inst.

We extract the following late telegrams from the
Quebec journals :--
The Navy Department at Washington had re-
ceived the following from Admiral Farragat

Flagship llartford, Mobilo Bay, Aug. 25.

Sire—l had the honour in my despatch, No. 31, to state
to the department that Fort Morgan had surrendered on the
23d inst. to the army and navy, though at the time the de-
spatch was written and 'nailed, the ceremony of surrender
had not actually taken place. _ _

The correspondence preliminary to that event is here-
with forwarded, and the department will perceive the terms
of capitulation were the same as in the case of Fort Gaines,
Gen. Page endeavoured to obtain more favourable terms,
but without success.

I regret t) state that after the assembling of the rebtl
officers at the appointed hour (2 p.m.), for surrender out-
side the fort, it was discovered, on an examination of the
interior, that most of the guns were spiked, many of the
gun-carriages wantonly injured, and there was every rea•
son to believe that this had been done after the white flag
had been raised. Tt was also discovered that Qen. Page
and several of his officers had no swords to deliver up, and
further, that some of those which were surrendered had
been broken. The whole conduct of the officers of forts
Gaines and Morgan presents a striking contrast in 4 moral
principle, that I cannot fail to remark upon it.
Col. Andersen, who commanded the former, finding him-
self in a perfectly untenable position, and eneumbeved with
a superfluous number of conscripts, many of whom were
mere boys, determined to surrender a fort which he could
not defend, and in this determination was supported by all
.his officers save one. But from the moment he hoisted the
white flag he scrupulously kept everything intact in that
condition and delivered it over, whilst Page and his officers,
with a childish spite. destroyed guns which they said they
would defend to the last, but which thernever defended at
all, and threw away and broke these weapons which they
had not the manliness to use against their enemies,
Fort Morgan never fired a gun after the commencement
of the bombardment, and the advance piquets of our army
were actually on its glacis.
As before stated, the ceremony of surrender took place
at 2 p.m., and that same afternoon all the garrison were
sent to New Orleans in the United States steamers Ten-
nessee and Reviolle, where they arrived safely.

Very respectfully your obedient servant,
D. G. FARRAGUT, Redr Admiral.

Fort Morgan, Aug, 23.
To Rear-Admiral D. G. Farragut, U.S.N., and Major.
General G. Granger, U.S,A., Commander, &o.

Gentlemen,—The further unifies of life being unneces-
sary, the sick and wounded sufferering and exposed
humanity demands protection. I ask for terms of capitu-
lation.—Very respectfully,

R, L, PAGE, Brigadier-General C.S.A.
" Headquarters, U. S. Forces, Mobile Bay, Aug. 23.
_ _

" Gentlemen,—l have notified Admiral Farragut of your
desire to capitulate, and until his arrival hostilities will be
suspended, when your proposal will be duly considered
Very respectfully,

"G. GRANGER, Maj.-Gen. U.S.A
" To Brig. 'Gen. R. L, Page, commanding Fort Morgan,
The New York Evening Post's corresponden
writes as follows, from New Orleans, Aug. 24 :
" The heavy bombardment of Fort Morgan, which
began early on Monday morning, Aug. 23, was per-
haps the most severe firing whioh has yet been
directed against the rebel fortifications, except
Sumter. The range was obtained previous to open-
ing of the cannonade on that day, so on the morning
of that day Farragut's fleet, including the flagship
and other large vessels, the Monitors, the rebel ram
Clumessce, and some blockading vessels took part
in the bombardment in connection with land forces.
These were stationed on Mobile point, in the rear of
the fort, and heavy mortar batteries were planted
within. It is reported by an eye witness 500 or 600
yards from the fort, that the vessels were stationed
at either side of Mobile Point, and the fort was
therefore invested on three sides. The firing from
early dawn until 6 o'clock was regular and effective,
but shortly after that hour it became rapid and ex
tremely heavy. The rebel ram Nashville was blown
up by the Matacomel just below Mobile. The gun-
boat Oneda fished up six torpedoes in the Channel
below the fort."
The New York Ileralcrs Mobile correspondent
says—" That on the morning of the 231 August,
Capt. Taylor, bearing a white flag, accompanied by
four men, marched out of Fort Morgan, carrying a
small soil boat, with the intention of going to the
flagship, three or four miles distant, with a note
from Gen. Page proposing to surrender. A check
was put upon this by Gen. Bailey, who said the
army and navy were one, and as his artillery com-
manded Fort Morgan, and his infantry every part
of Mobile Point outside the fort, he would not per-
mit a boat's crew to pass off from shore on any pre-
tence whatever. Soon after Gen. Granger arrived,
and the note to Admiral Farragut was taken by
him, saying he would communicate its contents to
the admiral. In a short time a demand for an un.
conditional surrender was made and granted. The
results of the victory at Mobile may be wound up
thus : commanded the evacuation of Fort Powell ;
the surrender of Fort Gaines; almost destroyed end
compelled surrender of Fort Morgan, heretofore
considered the strongest fortification in the United
States• We have taken 1,500 prisoners, 100 pieces
of cannon, and a vast quantity of small arms and
munitions of war; also provisions enough to feed
the garrisons we shall place there for six months.
We have captured and have ready for use the ram
Qumeesee, the strongest vessel afloat ; also several
other war vessels, and hiwe penned up at least two

Society. Mr Greenwell is a zealous antiquary of much ex-
perience in Brigantian researches throughout the ancient
Northumbrian kingdom. Ho, with Mr Pycock and other
Melton gentlemen interested in antiquarian matters recon-
noitred the district on Tuesday last, and fixed upon a large
barrow at the base of the Slingsby Banks as the one for
commencing upon on the following day. This tumulus was

fully 60ft in diameter, and at the time of opening about Sit
high. The surface aspect of the barrow suggested the pro •
bability of a previous disturbance, but as, on inquiry, it
was found that half a century ago this field was in tillage (the
old ridge and furrow still remaining) this unfavourable in-
dication was placed to the credit, or discredit of the plough.
Daring several years of exploration among tho Brigantian
burials, and especially during the last few weeks upon the
Egton Moors (where most of the tumu i proved barren or
nearly so), Mr Greenwell has observed that the northern
side presented the most numerous traces of cremation, the
mode in use among the Britons for disposing of their dead.
According to this rule, excavations were commenced on
the north side, as nearly as possible to be made out upon the

original surface of the ground. Tho first few feet of dig.

ging proclaimed the fact that the barrow was composed
chlifly of a yellowish clay—a remarkable discovery, huts-

much as the whole of to surx ouuding lands are merely loose

sand, and showing that the materials of the burial mound
had been transported from some distance. Owing to the
height of the tumulus, it was necessary to make a consider-
able excavation in order to reach the .centre, the supposed
site cf the primary burial, the services of eeveral men being
r. quired, the digging being very hard and diflieult. As the
work proceeded thick layers of ashes (among which were
large lumps of charcoal, yet perfect in shape and preserva-
tion, after probably 2,000 year.' burial) wore found,
the sections showing a c,ine-like formation, as if regularly
scattered over the mound as formed. Nothing of import-
ance was wet with until nearly the centre of the barrow had

been reached, when five or six wrought dints, some showing
traces of lire, were found. Of these none were clearly as •
signal:: to any distinct we, but the sharpness of the edges

.and other characters plainly showed that some amount of
labour had been expended upon them by the Brigantian
workmen. As progress was made, portions of what had

once been one large slab of sandstone were found, all show-
ing that they had been subjected to an intense heat, and
another large boulder, also fire marked, was sub-
sequently found, all being near the centre of the barrow.
Partly charred human bones also became more frequent.

Slightly to the east of the centre of the barrow fragments
of three distinct cinerary urns were found, only a little
below the surface. Two of these were of large size, and
had rude markings by way of ornament. A third was of
a red ware, resembling the Samian in colour, but coarser
and without the glaze. These urns had, much to the regret
of antiquaries present, without doubt been previously dis-
turbed and broken; and as regards two of them, Mr Green-
well was of opinion one had been inclosed within the other.
But so far, although ashes and detached portions of bone
had been not infrequent, there was no sufficient " find" of
what might be regarded as the contents proper of the three
cinerary urns. The section of the tumulus, however, began
to show signs of a previous central excavation, although
it was clearly shown by the evidence of aged persons on
the estate that no opening of the graves had ever taken
place during this century. Probably a very long period has
elapsed since tho disturbance took place. Eventually a
casual spadeful of earth horn the top of the tumulus &sin-

_ .
torred a large deposit of calcined human bones, and further
search showed that a slight hollow had been scooped out
just at the apex, which has been full of bones of a similar
nature. The inference was that by some remote searchers
after treasure the largo stone forming the original seal of
the cemetery had been found and broken up, and that the
urns near the surface had been upturned and also broken,
their united contents being the unusual collection of bones
near the surface, which had been slightly reinterred by the
original explorers. There yet remained the hope that the
original burial over which the large tumulus had been raised
had not shared the fate of the secondary burials. As excava-
tions deepened, portions of another urn, also once of con-
siderable size, were found, these being considerably enriched
upon the rim by the chracteristic herring-bone marking, &o.
The deeper the search was continued the more apparent it
became that the tumulus had been opened from the top, as
at a great depth other pieces of pottery, bone, ashes, with a
flint or two, were found, all mixed up promiscuously. Even-
tually, at a depth of between 7 and Sft, about one half of the
original cinerary urn was found, undisturbed in position,
embedded in ashes, bones, and clay. This too, had not
escaped the blunders, who had most surely been actuated by
no other motive than gain, and had left half of the urn un-
disturbed, after satisfying themselves of the nature of its
contents. This fifth urn was of a ruder type than some o
the others, showing horiz mtal lines of indentation by way of
ornament, produced (when the clay was in a plastic state) by
the end of some instrument, the impressions being shallow
and all alike, As portions of charcoal kept turning up,
although the natural line of the ground had been passed, the
excavations were continued downwards, and resulted in
the discovery of a somewhat ovalled hollow or dish in the
earth in which the primary urn and burial had been placed,
instead of upon the plane, as is usual. Among the ashes at
the very bottom, a very beautifully wrought " thumb flint"
was found of a type quite unusual, forming the most valu-
able find of the day. The centre of the tumulus was now
passed, and there was no necessity, in Mr Greenwell's
opinion, to continue the excavations at so great a depth, as
the five burials found had all been in the centre, and expe-
rience had taught that any subsidiary interment would be
made on the south or cast slope. A lesser " breastwork",
was therefore taken forward, but that day nothing but italics
and a single flint instrument was found. On the next day
the excavation was continued to the south without result.;
but on turning to the south-east a sixth burial was found, of
which the urn was crushed, but was all there. The urn was
rude in make and badly baked, arid probably inclosed a peck
measure's capacity of burnt bones. The burial was slightly
below the surface, but all the pieces of the urn were got
out and can be put together in the original form. The urn
is very,triflingly ornamented, a few cord impressions only
being irregularly placed over the exterior. Singularly
enough, and as a departure from the rule, several pieces of
worked flint, much burnt, were turned out of the urn with.
the bones. These, on being gathered together, make up
into ono flint instrument resembling a knife, this implement
having doubtless split up many centuries ago by the intense
iheat requisite for the cremation of the bodies. On Friday
the search was continued to the east, and afterwards to the
west, without further success. This tumulus, however,
had proved singularly prolific in aff4rding Brigantian re-
mains for special resurrection. This, unlike the rest in the
vicinity, had been raised upon the piano of the field, no
natural eminence having been taken advantage of in the

selection of a site.
04 piurkday and on Friday attention was also devoted to

On two days the united exertions of nearly the whole
party were given to the opening of another very largo
tumulus, about 30 yards in diameter, and having an alti •
tudo of about aft. This grave, which had never previously
been disturbed, occupied a prominent position upon a natu-
ral swell of the ground, forming a striking object in the
landscape. The excavation was commenced on the north
side, and was driven, about Oft in width, completely through
to the south. This barrow proved easy enough to work,
being composed of little else than fine silver sand, which
the gale carried off in clouds as soon as the heather
clothing was removed. The working among this fine
sand was blinding and uncomfortable in the extreme. The
evidences of fire increased towards the centre until twelve
distinct sections of charcoal layers, interspersed with
others of burnt earth and stones, but with very few bones,
-were discernible. About the centre burnt stones and a few
bones were found as a distinct deposit, about 3ft deep, and
here the workmen were surprised to find a layer of concrete
looking material increase so rapidly in thickness that it
presented all the appearances of a concrete floor, hard as u
flag—indeed the construction of the tumulus was very re-
markable and altogether unusual. In the centre of this
large concrete floor or platform a magnificent scalloped or
pectinated urn was found, but there were no bones along
with it. From beneath the urn indeed, attached by clay to
the bottom, a splendid flint implement was taken, having a
dentate edge,- yet.sharp as a saw, which it resembled. The
large area and magnitude of the burning, of which the evi-
dences were profuse, seemed to account for the almost entire
consuming of the body, of whieh hardly a vestige was dis-
coverable. But a rabbit burrOw also passed right through
the harrow and jeet, over tho,ura, and in thin way bones
may have been removed from their intended restingfplace.
The platform or floor upon which the burial had been made
appeared to have been constructed with great care. Upon
a perfectly level surface of about 4ft in height a thick layer
of clay (thickest in the centre) and another of gravel on the
top of it, had been pretty evenly spread, and the mass thus
formed fused or baked together, until one large sheet of
concrete, very hard and obdurate, was formed, fully 15ft in
diameter. Upon the centre of this prepared bed the urn
had been placed, and covered with the charcoal ashes. The
urn was not of the usual form of the cinerary vessel, but
had three external rims, ornamented very irregularly in four
horizontal rows of sharply angular indentations. Tho
structure of the'urn was novel, and the composition one
admitting of being rendered very hard in the baking. Falling
earth, doubtless from the rabbit burrow*, had crushed it,but
the whole of it was there, and will rebuild splendidly, On
the inside the rim was finely herringboned, and altogether
the urn is a rich sample of a British burial vessel, The infe-
rence deducible is that, as the above was the sole interment
discoverable in this large houe, and one for which so much
preparation had been requisite, the grave was that of some
important personage among the ancient Britons, whose
ashes some sacreligious rabbit had long disinterred. In
progressing to the southern base a portion of pottery and
a flint were found, but these were plainly there by some
accident, and bore no reference to any outer burial. Many
antiquaries hold the opinion that a vicinal way passed

from Mahon to Isurium (Aldborough) or linvinghara
(traces remaining noar Easthorpo) through this valley of

the graves.

Another large tumulus of a similar size was tried and
showed signs of previous disturbance. As Mr Greenwell
was obliged to leave on Saturday the full examination of
this and the other tumuli in the valley remains over till the
spring of next year. •

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