The Sun.
London, England, 1852-08-25 00:00:00

`3,tho3mat, 30 01.
Wiain S.W.—light breeze and fine sumhiay weather.

DAILY WEA.LY,EII

_ he Wind and Weather at etz,ch cf the toLlossi eg
pl::4-1,3 at Sins o'clock yesterjay morriz,-;;.—Tae /tail( es
arnsnged M order ci latitud?.
PL-Tmorrra—Wind N., gentle breeze—overcast.
11-14:31a3cm—Wind S.E., gentle breeze—overcast.
So O TRANITTON— Wind. W., gentle breeze—foggy.
FOLRESTOIM—W ind S.W., light breeze—overcast.
TuruntiuGE—Wind N.E., gentle breeze—overcast.
fiREENWICH—CaIrn overcast.
sTllool)—Wind S.W., calm—overcast.
SWINDOII—Wind S.W., gentle breeze—overcast.
Com-Emma—Wind S.W., calm—overcast.
CAatEßriyait—Wind S., gentle breeze—cloudy.
Yaaswarru—Wind W., calm—cloudless.

ttto co: t.

the ruarr_s from the following places indicate the state of
the wind and weather on Monday morning at nine

o'clock :

Miming/LAB—Wind W., gentle breeze—overcast.
Pootz--Wind N.E., gentle breeze—partially cloudy.
LZIGHTON--Wind N.W., calm—overcast.
LiormrEAD—Wind S.W., gentle breeze—partially cloudy.
Warrmr—Calm—foggy.
DAzuwrost—Wind W., gentle breeze—cloudless.

The barometer at Greenwich was 29.770 inches, nearly-
4-tenths inch higher than it was in the preceding week; and.
it rose gradually through the week from 29.462 to 30.034,.
The mean daily temperature of the air was 61•3°, or le above
the average; at the highest it was 75.60, lowest 50.5°, in
the air; 94Q once in the sun, 43° once on the grass. The
temperature of the polluted Thames was at the highest 66'6°,
at the lowest 62.5°. The air on the whole was dry, for the
dew point (54°) was 8° below the mean temperature, yet
111 inch of rain fell in the week. On. Tuesday, the 17th,
between seven and half-past seven P. at. there was a severe
thunder storm, and rain fell to the depth of 0'25 in. in five
minutes. A second storm occurred about eleven P.M. The
wind was variable and generally tranquil, for on an average
t only moved at the rate of 57 miles a day.

t4'
• - .2.°2
,
-

`,. c7;•y-
.
fk,
, ~,:,-..::,:;----..:- - • ).,,,,,t ' ~,...4, UAL.
SDAY, AUGUST 25,
.18f,:2.
LONDON. WEDNE
'—That is the
" Hiha ralcEs roa EVER!'
under which th
. .rallyingcrw of ti'? Protc.,ctiohists,
ey seek fu-.
High Rents. It i 3 more than their gatiaerin,
~i,
It ii fatal as the transit of the Fiery Cross tivroT
in the olden time, vibe, ou-b.
the Scottish Highlands,
mountain and through valley, across rivers A
and along'r
ravines, the messenger of fate speeded on his dire and
deathly mission. They
,thick net of it—these Pro_
tectionists—but their call for high prices, involving
high rents, is destructive as " the blast of the
Simoom," which none can brathe and live.
Well-minded (men, who are fully
thoughtless of its
duties—blestings on the memory of honest Trio/des
DRUMMOND for enunciating the sentence which has
passed into our political literature, as his aphorism,
and is graved on his monument—well-minded owner
of lLad, we say, have ill-considered and little thought
urn the mammoth results of a difference se
alight as " only a little sixpence" between
the dear loaf' and the cheap. Entirely do they
forget
plighta (s itifever they knew) that in that difference,
may appear to them, are involved all the
elements
all the principles which make the difference,
to the working
fort. sing man, between struggling and corn
pro the truthful fact cannot be too loudly
proclaimed !
not
thattaoofedeeply felt, too firmly acted upon—
cheaper, but that
every
of bread shall be greatly
shall also be reduced
Y other article of expenditure
alone to he half-priced, proportion. Were bread
and limited. But the pri'etll'' relief would be partial
of every other article-4o : bread regulates the price
falls in price when the lc,a€ feali7ithes, rent—everything
small annuitants—ask the oft,: i' trice. Ask the
pensions from 401. to 100/, va wiaows who have
:cctautio has done
—and they actually
a Year_____,
I.
has done for themredtv3,d tl"nft- free trade
will tell you that they
y have the
is
thePna es
comforts, where they used to nave the bare'
necessities
of life. It is not merely that ca i
that only, but that everything else has fall;er nd
price. Curiously enough, by the way, tline-tauths int,
the small annuitants and petty pensioners are vey,_
ment—we bad nearly written constitutional—Teries.
There i, something vastly " genteel" in the ati,
tocracy of Toryism ! The faded females who are
favoured, by courtly charity, With apartments in
Hampton Court Palace, look down, with sharp con-
tempt, we doubt not, en the " populace" whc —like
the perfumed fop in 0 0
11AKSPI:RE'S play--" come
'twist the wiad and their nobili y " Sans doute,"—Yet,
as the said contemned h (, ;" • ~ era fixed, Ppu ace. r.
some-
bow, with Fyn:lent o? •
nine-tenths of the taxes—ok
the greater part, by far, of the r •
_. ;,I i=cy the
Many, not the Rich—pauper revenue is p!. !. . s f
le
pensioners W;10 .
in Hampton Court would, 1;k1:-
the last horses in a
race, be " nowhtre," if the
people did not supplY

THE SUN,

them with charity-lodgings. Therefore the pauper- '
dowagers, the feeble Ladies CONSTANCE and
the feebler Ladies PLANTAGENET, and the
Honourable Misses—amiable Sexagenarians !—ought
to know that if public charity pensions, ,eeds, and
lodges them, it is out of the poor man's labour that
their ease comes. To know this, by such a reflective
process as Thought, is far beyond the mental power
and calibre of the faded flutterings of illustrious
mortality whom, in this audacious article (as they
will call it), we have brought into public view.
Small matter as to the rich may appear the dif-
ference between sixpence and a shilling in the price
of food—it is all-in-all to the masses. It is much
that the labouring man may now—thanks to PEEL--
give untaxed fool to his family ; but it is more, by
far, that the reduced rate of food necessarily brings
(indeed, must bring,) a reduction in all other prices.
The rich chiefly think of what most interests them-
selves, namely, the maintenance of Rent. But if 10s.
a week of wages go as far now as 15s. would have
gone ten years ago, merely by parity not only of
reasoning but of practice, twenty shillings per acre,
from Rent, should go as far as thirty shillings per
acre used to go ? The landowner must not reap
more than his proper share of benefit from the altered
condition of things. ELF, also, is greatly advantaged,
in his expenditure, by Free Trade ; his household ex-
penses are a third less than they used to be ;—vihat
claim has he, also, besides this gain, to have the
yshillings be of
additional advantage of undiminished rental from his
as
slanmd
u?chlvfatloaeh,imin,
ea
xs
ethos
nothers,for
t we n
articlest of consump,.
tion, as thirty shillings used to be, why should he be
so unjust as to expect and demand the larger amount
from his tenants ? To sum up the argument in one
interrogation— Why does he not reduce his Rents ?
Protection, if it mean anything now, im-
plies nothing more nor less than keeping up
the rent of land. It would be easy to show
how and why this is—but we can we the explana-
tion on a future occasion. Meanwhile, we ask any
man of common sense, whether the DERBY Ministry,
including as it does
a clever leader and many clever
followers, all of whom must know the actual state of
things, can dream of
maintaining, as a vital principle,
that Protection which has naturally and properly
graduated into something
nearly as immaterial as the
famous Cock-lane
ghost,
which, some eighty years
ago, challenged the evidence and alarmed the imagi-
nation of SAMUEL JOHNSON, the author of that
Dictionary, by which, single-handed, pitted against
the Academie of Franca, (to quote GOLDSMITH'S
graceful compliment)—

"Ile beat forty Frenchmen, and would bent forty more!"
No, Protection is defunct. Not all the force cf
fifty PAUL FOSKETTS, or a hundred GEORGE
FREDERICK YOUNGS, can put it on its legs again.
The twenty-seven millions who form the population
of the United Kingdom will not stultify them-
selves by consenting that landlords may keep up their
rents to pay a shilling for the sixpenny loaf. They
might assent to abstract reasoning, but when it comes
to paying two sixpences for one they naturally decline
all accedence to the experienced theory. Are they not
right ? Ask the mothers and the chubby-cheekßd
childran !

What is the cui bono of these remarks ? Only
this, that whoever may continue to cherish the ex-
pectation, vague as vain, that the Earl of DERBY and
his Cabinet will hold on by a shred of Protection,
will be awfully disappointed when Parliament meets.
A lively quadruped confidentially confided to Cap-
tain iliaaat SMITH, of the Kentucky sharp-shooting
rifles, that he was " a gone coon," and requested him
to spire his powder and shot as he (the racoon)
meant to come off the tree and be killed and skinned
quietly. Protection may make up its mind to be
decently abandoned and interred, being voted
" dead and incapable," by common assent ! Nobody
thinks of cherishing the deserted orphan ! Everybody
votes it defunct—if not dead it ought to be—and of
all people in the world, the DERBY idinistry are most
anxious to assist at its funeral, to prove its " last will
and testament," and to administer to the effects of the
dead and gone deceased. it is defunct, and neither
Lord DERBY in the Lords, nor Mr. DISRAELI in the
Commons, wishes for its resurrection. We can readily
imagine what a nonplus these brilliant gentlemen
would be at, if (by accident), the elections had vita-
lized Protection! They want to have it dead—it is
a terrible barrier against them. At all events, they
will treat it as a defunct " party," and act as its
executors.

An excellent resume of the recent Chancery and
other Law Reforms has just been issued by the Me-
tropciitan and Provincial Law Association, which,
from its clearness and fulness, is entitled to every
commendation. It is a common, and ought to be an
exploded error, that lawyers are opposed to law re-
form. Of all persons, professional men are the best
fitted, by actual knowledge and experience, to sug-
gest practical improvements in the theory and work-
ing of the Common and Statute Law. Without
going back too far, we may mention that JEEEMY
BENTHAM, who sought to introduce common sense
into law making, was himself a lawyer—that SAMUEL
ROMILLY, so long at the head of his profession, la-
boured earnestly and strongly for the reform of the
Criminal Law—that IlEeiriat BROUGHAM, whose efforts
as a law reformer have gained him unfeding honour,
bas effected his chief improvements by reason of
the experience gained at the bar and on the Woolsack
—that Lords DENMAN, LANGDALE, and CAMPBELL
have taken leading parts in the same good cause ; and
that the Law Amendment Society, which has sug-
gested and supervised many of the legal charges
within thc last eight years, is principally, though not
wholly, composed of gentlemen of every branch of
the profession. The association whose Circular we
have now before us consists exclusively, we believe,
of solicitors and attorneys—men who, in general, are
supposed to have a direct interest in the maintenance
of a cumbrous, and expensive, and dilatory system of
jurisprudence. But, as stated in their Circular,
' every real improvement in a court of law is certain to
be followed by a corresponding increase of business."
Indeed in law, as in trading, the cheaper the article
the greater the demand for it.

In Equity, during the past Session of Parliament,
three important Acts have been carried, by which it
is hoped that some of the principal abuses in the peace
tice of the Courts will be abolished—abuses, " for the
removal of which," says the Circular, "the Committee
have earnestly laboured from the first establishment
of the Metropolitan and Provincial Law Association."
First comes the abolition of the office of Master in
Chancery, and throwing upon the Judges the duties
that have hitherto devolved upon those subordinate
officers. The Committee remark that they have still
ii some fear that the wholly insufficient number of
Judges provided for bringing the new practice into
operation may be the means
of occasioning some
confusion
in the business of the Court,
and that thus the practice may become
discredited before it has received a fair trial." They
add
(and the remarks are well worthy of grave consi-
deration)----`, The business already in the Courts has
A quite as much as could be got through
Masters, and the Masters' Clerks,
been feuh,A
although the Masters are only re-
yet by this Act,
the business already in their offices
by the Judges, the
tained to wind 11P into operation, never-
theless, no increase is ma i inng t h e number of Judges
at the time of the
to enable them to perform
the Judges is less
new duties cast upon
of Clerks to .
them, and the number
The Commit-
Act coming
than the number of Masters' Clerks.
tee believe that the business might, under the new
system, and with a sufficient
' e, and espeditiously
judicial force, be dis-
posed of much more satisfactorti j
than herei,ofore,; but they cannot see how the Judges,
who have been hard-worked hitherto, and have been
unable to keep down arrears, can, if they devote
proper time to Chamber business, prevent the arrears
from accumulating. The Committee, therefore, felt
Houses
it to be their duty to call the attention of both
of Parliament to this, and prepared a clause for in-
creasing the nunieer of Judges, which was moved
when tie Bill was in Committee in the House of
Cemcnoes, but rejected. A report has reached the
Committee that it is the intention of the Judges to do
but little at chambers; but the Committee cannot
believe that the Judges will pursue a course which
would inevitably defeat the intention of the Legisla-
ture, and the fair expectation of the public."
The Improvement of the Jurisdiction of Equity
lAct is one of the fruita of the past session. The
Committee report that in their opinion all those
I changen in the practice Of the Court will be of great

advantage to the suitor, with the exception of the ?
provision which substitutes printed for written bills or
claims. This, " instead of an improvement, will
create inconvenience, delay, and expense "—probably,
however,the CUA.NCELLOR will exercise the discretion-
ary power vested in him by the Act, and restore the
practice of filing written bills or claims. All the
other provisions of the Act will diminish expenses
prevent delay, and simplify the procedure.
The Suitors in Chancery Relief Act, which substi•
tutes salaries for fees, is another excellent measure.
Our regret is that in all cases this principle has not
been carried out. It extends now to the Common
Law as well as the Chancery Courts, a'ad there is no
reason why in Bankruptcy,
of the number of official assignees, leaving
al so, theoneotfo-
ficers should not be salaried. The reduction
eachcourt
allowances,
a compensations,
treasurer, is
Salaries
to the retiring
retiringas
well as remaining officials can be paid, without any
charge on the Public Revenue, out of the immense
accumulations from Unredeemed Dividends in bank-
rupts' estates. It is only justice to add that some of
the leading clauses in the new Equity Acts were
suggested, years ago, by the Association whose Cir-
cular we have been considering.
The further Law Reforms of 1852 are contained
in the Enfranchisement of Copyholds Act, the Wills
Act Amendment Act, the new County Courts Act,
and the Common Law Procedure Act. On the two
last, the Committee report rather fully.
On the 10th section of the County Courts Act
(15 and 16 Victoria, c. 54), which allows "a barrister
to appear for a party, although not instructed by an at-
torney," the Committee report that,"without benefiting,
but rather prejudicing, the suitor, it inflicts an in-
jury upon the profession ;" and they give a detailed
and curious history of that segment of legislation
which, they remark, " will certainly not tend to in-
crease the disposition of attorneys to regard the
question as finally determined." They complain that
with scarcely any notice, and without a due oppor-
tunity of expressing an opinion on it, by the public
or the profession, an organic change in the position of
the two branches of the legal profession was passed
through Parliament. Oar own opinion, repeatedly ex-
pressed here, is that it is for the interests of both
branches of the profession that barristers and attor-
neys should cordially co, operate. But the manner
in which some attorneys had united, in local courts,
for the purpose of monopolising the whole
business, to the exclusion of the bar, te as
fast tending to create dissension among barristers end
attorneys. Nor can we think that, by the section in
question, the interests of the attorney will be iejurc,cl.
So long as the attorneys give the barristers their fair
proportion of the business, they will find no intrusion
on their deprzrtment.
Law Reform must advance, and in the spirit of the
Speech from the Throne, at the close of the session,
which said Every measure which
simplifies the
forms, and diminishes the delay and expense of legal
proceedings, without introducing
uucerrlinty of deci-
sion, impairing the authority of the Courts, or lower-
ing the high standard of the judicial bench, is a vein-
ab!e boon conferred upon the community at large."
There must be sweeping changes in the Ecclesiastical
Law, involving the total abolition of the tribunals
which have earned such unenviable reputation. The
Bankruptcy system must be made simpler in its pro-
cesses, speedier is its work, and less expensive in its
charges. Courts of Law and Equity must be amal-
keplace, t
h at
th, e
Fps pc unb l iwc
gwaiml ahtaevde continued. Utthinkingta
il these
caucsbea changes e s
administered, law is not justice.

Variable as the accounts received from the pro-
vinces have latterly been in reference to the ap-
proaching harvest, it happily appears at the present
moment in the highest degree probable that the crops,
in the majority of instances, will be of rather more
than average excellence. Sunshine has so rapidly
succeeded the excessive moisture of the past week or
fortnight, that hopes are reviving in parts of the
country where the most painful anxiety has
hitherto been. experienced. Accounts from Essex
state that the harvest in that direction is
already making fair progress—the corn cut
during last week having now been all housed,
the warm weather having effectually dried the
sheaves on Sunday. A considerable portion of
the crops in Kent have in like manner been got in—
while a better feeling is gradually reviving in Sussex,
as well as in Suffolk, in consequence of the sudden
cessation of rain, and the steady rise in the baro-
meter. Had the wet lasted much longer it is
tolerably certain that much of the produce
of the land would have suffered irrepa-
rable injury. As it is, in the fens of Lincoln-
shire, especially in the more loamy soils, the
mildew has effected much damage—besides which
the rapid and almost simultaneous ripening of the
crops in other directions, has caused a different
kind of solicitude—namely, that as to the possibility
of obtaining labour adequate for the emergency.
An illustration of the necessity was afforded
only the other day by the employment
of a body of soldiers to assist the agri-
cultural labourers in reaping—thereby figuratively
changing the sword into the sickle, if not the spears
into reaping-hooks. From the latest information
received from various parts of the country we are
rejoiced to announce, therefore, that the future proba-
bilities in regard to the harvest of 1852 are of the
most propitious character.

THE FUENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris journals of yesterday.
The Illoniteur announces that two treaties have
been signed between France and Belgium by M.
DROUYN DE LaUTS on the one hand, and MM. Ito,
GIER and LIEDTZ on the other. One of these treaties
gives a reciprocal guarantee for works of intellect
and art, at the same time lowering the duties imposed
on hooks, prints, engravings, &c. ; and the other
makea some reductions in the duty now imposed on a
few Belgian articles. These two conventions are to
be ratified on December 10, and, if agreed to, are to
be in force from. January 1, 1853. They are con-
sidered as the prelude to immediate negotiations for
the renewal of the treaty which has lately expired.
The sang journal states that the French Govern-
ment has received intelligence from Constantinople,
of the 10th, announcing that FUAD-EFFENDI has
been nominated Minister of Foreign Affairs, and that
every satisfaction has been given to France in the
affair of Tripoli. It also denies the truth of the
statement made in the Morning Herald relative to
this affair.

Cardinal WISEMAN is at Cambrai, where on Sun-
day last he led a procession of the miraculous picture
of the VIRGIN, said to be painted by St. LUKE; also
a miraculous image of the VIRGIN which, according '
to tradition, caught in her apron the balls of a be-
sieging general. Both these pieces justicatives have
been solemnly placed—the one in the church, the
other on the ramparts. In the procession a
number of young maidens in opera-girl muslin,
with wings glued to their shoulders, personified
angels. Amongst the relics was a monster crown,
given to the Church by that monster King Louis
XI., whose crime and superstition have been ren-
dered 1'
familiar in the "Quentin Durward" of Scorr. '
Military bands accompanied the procession. That
the spectacle did not take is acknowledged by the
writer from whose enthusiastic account, addressed to
the Government journal, the Patrie, we borrow these
details
vvhich there Pweaosple ')
" In a word, the procession was admirable, and leaves
barrteh-e
fi4Aibiee'll_ine, it. anything that the most brilliant se3ular
lime bad could have attempted. It would have been sub-
e been for actor or spectator the pious and
The Archbishop of
cnthasi.stie three centuries ago, instead of
population of the nineteenth cen-
tury, with its
the
es were
ever sceptic."
ft curiosity, sometimes mocking, and
CAAIRRAI and the Bishops of
ouncil
also
s i Epresent,
whowith
has
a lately
ti
emi
y-
NEVERS and .A.ri G-E It
Among the number of
enteredfionreenisgenbe torlsdi eyp Croeafs tehnot 1i c Church.
was clergy,o d
•igseneral commenced on
The session of the c
Monday. The Petrie Bays its
assured
Go-
vernment has already received hth that the
telegraph for
the PRINCE PRESIDENT several addresses from these
councils similar to those from the councils of arron-
dissement, all of them calling for the perpetuation of
LOUIS NAPOLEON'S power.
According to the Debats the number of warnings
issued against the newspaper press since the 10th
April emout to 53 to 48 journals, with two suspen .
sions. The reduction of the illoniteur to 40f. a year
by means of a disguised subvention has told seriously
on the Paris jour iaais, which feel the neces:ity of rre-
ducing their subscription to a point which most make
vuhlication a dead lass. The Pays Iles reduced its
subscription to -...,,
An',, acd I the Constitutionnel to 32f.
Teeing that the stamp du'y is alone 22f, that there
i+ adilitional duty of a centime whenever a roman
feuilleton is given, it is quite clear that the baliiace