The Sun.
London, England, 1852-04-16 00:00:00

PRICE OF SUGAR.

•
The average price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, com-
puted from returns made in the week ending April 13,
1852, exclusive of Customs Duties paid or payable thereon

on the importation thereof into Grist
From the British possessions in America 19s. 2d. per cwt
From the Mauritius ... ... No return. „
From the East Indies .. 225. 4id.
Average price of the two foregoing de-
scriptions of sugar, jointly, computed as
above, and exclusive of duty ... 19s. 9id.
By authority of Parliament,
Hxzrat BrciiN ELL, Clerk of the Grocers' Company
Grocers'-hail, April 16.

BANK OF ENGLAND.
(From this night's Gazette.)
An account, pursuant to the Act 7th and Bth of Victoria, cap. 82 for
the Week ending on Saturday, the 10th day of April, 1852.
teens DEPARTILENT.

Notes Issued 32,-33,785

£:i2,733,785
, M. MARSHALL, Chief CusiLer.
Dated the 15th day Of April, 1852.

Government debt .. 11,015,1C0
Other securitlea .... 2,984,904)
Gold coin and bullion 18,700.410
Silver bullion • • • • • • 33,375

£32,733,735

BiNECING DEFAITKCIf T.

. —.
Proprietors 'capital .. 14,553,000 Government • secnri-
Rost .••• • ....... 3,091,222 ties(including Dead
Pablie deposits (In. Weight Annuity).. 14 20 I,r 95
chiding Exchequer, Other secnritles .... I 1 22.5,844
Commissioners of '1°:" ••••••• • • • - • • • 11 524 200
National Deli, Say. Gold sailsllsof coin • . 511,514
tu.s-bants,a,idpi-

MICIA, ^ • •04 CI! I
• (~
Ln s j 4
Other deposits ...... 13,92 032
Sz'rcn clay .tad other
F.:1111.• •• •• 1,162,843
3'37,3'34,653 4.17,s 64 653
M. MARSHALL. Chief Cashier.
Dated tie 13th day of April. 1852.

COURSE OF .EXCHANGE.—(IIIIS DAY.)
Ailuter-aai .......... 12 Gay Gihraitar.......„,„„.„ _
Ditto, three monts.. 12 2 Legllolrll ........ ••.. • • 30 $5
itolterdarn .......... 12 2 Genoa .. •• • • .......... 25 60
Aritorerp......., „„ „ 25 624, Milan .. .... _„„„ „ ~
8ru35G13.... _-_ _ _ 23 62)6 Venice.... ~ „ ........ _
likunbargh ......M.B. 13 113 e YtsPiee • • ............ 4r %
/tt0na...............• Palermo, per0z........ 122
Paris, 3 daysieight .... 25 45 Messina .............. 122
Ditto, 3 months .... 2s 62% Ea5b0n................ h 314
Marseilles ............ 25 6434 DPorto•• •• • • ........ • • 53%
800rdeaux......... • alo Janeiro ..........
frankforton Mains.... 122 Buenos Ayres .... _
80T1in.... • • ........ .. New York,6odays'elicht
Vienna, effect. fin...... 12 34. Philadelphia ~ .. „...... _
1 nyboat rna .
... Xu 3 17 9
0 0
Trieste, ditt0..........12 36 mats OP ECILION PER ox.
Potersbhrgh. SU. Rble-.
4397 VA PnorretiliggnalaGelol4
itsdrld ••.. ••- ••• • • ••
caliz
....
,_ •
.......... 50 Vanish Doubloons .. 0 0 0
Barcelona .. --.- • • - SOW Dollar; • • .... o 4 1018
5t0eua........
~....... Allvcr in bars .f...... 0 5 0'

MARKET INTELLIGENCE.
(From the London New Price Current, April 16.)
SUGAR.—To-ciay a brisk demand was experienced for
West India Sugar, both for the scale and pan, aed the
rates
_obtained were rather tinder those current pre-
viously. Purchatcs are 1,096, making for the week
2,303 hhds, &0., and the advance in prices 6d per cwt.
RgintsaD.—To-day Refined Sugar met with a ready
sale for home consumption, and rates closed with firm-
ness; I,lw to fine Grocery lumps at 44s 6d to 483 6d per
cwt. There is a firm market for Crushed, and with
se►eral buyers for shipping.
kLiniaTina.—This of►ernoon there was a good demand
privately tor Maurieius Sugar, and rates rule 6,1 per cwt
above last week. At auction 1,719 bags were disposed
of, low to mid yellow went at 30s 6d to 32,, good mid
32s 6d, fair to fine brown 27s to 30a, and fine grainy
yellow 40a 6d to 41s.
EAST INDIA.—This afternoon the demand further in-
creased for Bengal Sugar, and an advance of fully 6d /ties
established. At Auction 1,995 bags went readily, fine
white 13,,nares 37a. good 34s to 355, mid 33s to 33s 6d,
damp 32s to 36a 6d, fine grainy yellow 383 to 403, mid
to good 33s 6d to 375, ord 32s 6d to 334, and brown,
from 28s to 31s. Severe! parcels of Madras were sold
privately at a small advance, and 640 bags at auction
realised 22s 6d to 24s for soft brown.

FOREIGN.—To-day Foreign Sugar was much sought
after chiefly fcr exportation, and former rates were
freely offered, business was interfered with by a scanty
supply. At section 70 hbds and 50 brls new S'. Croix
duty paid were sold at stiff rates; good to fine yellow
went at 383 to 423, and low to mid 31s to 345, the chief
part 42s per cwt..
4101:4158E5 —The demand for West India is more ac-
tive, still no advance. is apparent. Gperations are to a
fair extent; Barbadoes and Antigua at 13s to 13s 6d,
and other sorts at 121 to 12s 6d; some business
has been done in Bengal and Mauritius at Ile
to lls 6:1. A cargo of Cuba -bas been sold
at about 12s 6d, and small parcels at 13s to 134 6d.
Honey sell with.loss freedom, sod previous terms aro not
sustained. At auction,3o casks sold at 294 to 334 63,
and privately good to flue Jamaica 48s to 565, and ccm-
mon to mid 38s to 463. A free sale still prevails fur
Tamarinds. and stock in first bands are much reduced,,
the prices pod for West India are 24s to 345, and East
India Os to 12s.

COFFEE.—To-day holders of Coffee refused to submit
to any further reduction; yet t hero was no improvement
in. the home or export demand privately' and none was
submitted to public sale. The arsine of good to raid wood
ord Native Ceylon is 37s 64 to 38s per cwt.
COCOA.—The supply has increased of Trinidad this
week; best.sorts barely sustained prices, and for others
a decline of is to 2s per cwt took place. There has
been a rood demands and 1,000 bags at auction were all
sold, flee red went at 37a to 38,3, good 35s to 36a 64, !ow
to mid: 32s to 34s 6d, grey 28s to 303, and good ditto
30s 6d to 3ls 6d. Privately Grenada is offering at Goes
283 to 33s per• cwt. Operations in Foreign remain
tr:fling, althocgb Para and Bas is can ba obtained at 23,
to 255, and Gusysquil at 283 to 29:.
TEa.—Fine Coogou cannot generally be obtained
uncl,v last week's currency. alit(mgh operations have
been Upon a Amall scale. Other sorts are cffsrsd at a
reduction of Id per ib, yot purchases are limited for all
purposes, ono supply tar exceeds the demand. For low
(Drafts; rotes now rump tat ti- i t. 7d, good ord 744, rather
tlselstsh leaf to blackish leaf 8/1 to 10 i strong uud Pekoe
tklooinil:s33llollitds,r,:igor.oslostiswri per 11:,nd o(6,llolo6ogijuist, ridingatlalltdo
have Isoe'n Sol.choug• filen-
-6'l: in iv. ith cAntiol), and pric&-s are receding, gar :a to
floe ,eilot, at 101 kinds 81 to 9.1.
Thtr_
aree to ls 7J, and other
now tow buyers of .Pouchoeg, yet sales are
not. prec,,,e,
nanted „_ rates remain at from 4il to 6d. In
vaoiia',7„-itel Pekoe little has been done;_ the present
f, s; 9d to now froth Is to is 7d, other sorts
tea ;m7hYa vPi‘okg°t slsonactraill,erior is' almost. unsaleable. Of
3 to
i:rcoedls have been sold at easier
value is Luc,r. 7'3(1'43 t",. for floe bed superior the
and oom to mid• good is 3.1 to 13 6j,
csses rather under previons44l Green has Leen °iterated
there ore sellers in some
teams, the quantfty ee
iu with reluctsoce,
offer even exceeds that of latt°
of recent importations chiefly of ell, end ColblfitS meetly
Hysoni common and raid tt,e value qualities.' For
to tine Is 41 to 2s, choice 2s 2dv'ttou; " la
t°
13.31. good
common 84 to 104, mid to good lid to Bj,
yotrLEll),,an
so Gunpowder Canton 81 to 11d, tflo h 51"
6id Is to Is 51,. goal 6,1 to 2-, fineY:neda eon, ord
pi 33 2d, Imperial Canton
Capes9l tosat,cl34
to is 6d, tine It sd so 24, ayson skiat;e6'ilerh:::::°: -w41.2:11
eLnd.l,
tie.tr— tree dd dt:itt ta.ou ri col
n't to
rdda paneydr,
Hyso•
s.
1-viankny. to 1
iiabtet:idert,;6 f_adsis6By:,ll,sl.llCBoePlakieug4;a.Tll portion only of 4,200 aetualfy
found buyers.
nicE.—Holders of East India reused to submit to
any' 'further. reduction, -anti refrained from submitting
lany to auction this week. The small parcels sold were
D
'eno!, gOod to tine it htf.e at' 93 91 to los arid to
good mid 9.4 to'9s 61, broken Ss 61 to 84 951,,
9cargoito
08 s:
j. liy.wltiadi!or".ilf,t4y;E34l to
8(1' °Zsl.l.,,DuglianetZl.9s4 61 to 10s,
pearl barley and Arrsoan 8s 6.1 to 9s per cwt.
Cleaned Rice has not tsilen in volue, al bough operas
!ions remain small. Carolina is 2ls to 275, and low to
fine Patna I.ls to 16z. Tho market for Sagois inactive;
and last week's currency is riot sustained. • 01 140 cases
:iit snietion a small part enIV sold at 15s to 17s for mid to
'sod small peatl• rwo lots suoerior white rather large
„ .
ferci.:.:el 273 6.1 to' 31e. :7:ago Flour continues to fro
virawcd, store is a further Ilse: 286 bgs at aturion
at 143 to 14; 61. Prev!ou3 terms are barely sustained
fo'r Arrowroot. ,
progs "raPtito ran met with little attention Of
256" ;97g-3 bit-ctio.ri:tatothei more than half sold at
4 mid. Mites,' finds at
411 d tO 4d for 4" • -arms arJ well anatisincd.
1144 tale, .arid: Samna

LONDON,'

A public sale of sixteen cases went at 2s Id to 2s 2d
for Feld, is lld for ore, anti oueof condition is 60 to
Is Bd. ?Ise value of better sorts is 2s 3d to 2s 6d.
There is an ircreesingdemand for Nuzmees; and rates are-
well sustained. At auction 31 ea,, s went readily: fine
brown at 3s 24 to 3a 74, good 2s 81 to 33, mid 21 2d to
2s 7d,, low is 91 to 2s Id.- The rates paid privately for
limed are from is 83 to 2s 44. Cassie Lives, is still
wanted; there is, however, scsrcely any here;
price, for good to fine rule at from 1183 to
128 s, and common to good 112 s to 117 a pei
cwt. Of Cassia Buds there are still none here. Busi-
ness has been done in Cassia Vera at from 50s to 645.
Cinnamon met with little attention. Prices tor Ceylon
first sort rule at Is 103 to 3s, second ditto is 44 to 24
3d, thir and fourth is Id to ls Bd. Sevarel parcels of
Cloves have been again soli. Anaboena
7d to 8d; Penang lld to is 2d; Bourbon 6d to 6P.
Prices are kept up for Pepper, supply keeping sma!l;
still privately operations have been trifling this week,
and for all purposes; Malabar is 41 to 44; Penang and
Sumatra 3id to 314. At auction 600 bags and robins
Malabar and Aleppa were taken in above the value. A
further rise for white operated against business; 54 bags
at auction were taken in at 94 for mid. The value of
better sort is 90 to 11d. Pod Pepper is ranted at 38s
to 603 per cwt, and Cayenne 84 to is 2d per lb. Prices
are not larger for Ginger, aPhongh more business has
been done. At public sale 400 bgs of African sold at
245; 11 cases low Cochin 29s to 31s- 220 pkgs Jamaica,
good fine 51 to 71159; other sorts 212 s to 11103. The
value of mid to fine Cochin is from 343 to 661 per cwt.
SPIRITS.—The moderato rates taken for Demerara
Rum occasions a good demand to prevail, end the Par-
cels sold were at from is lld to 2e 24 for 30 to 40 over
proof. Jamaica is still little retrored for shipping Qr
home consumption. Choice markrs have been selling at
from 3s 4d to 4s for 30 to 38 over proof, fine ditto 23 104
to 3s 3d, good mid to good 32 to 35 over 2s 4d to 23 94,
mid 2s to 2s 3d, and low 24 to 30 over is 94 to is lld
per gallon. Few buyers of I.4?.eward Island are to be
met with, and Is 4id to is 5d is the value proof.. There
are few sellers of hest India under Is 43 proof. Few
transactions have token p!ace in Brandy for shipping or
home consumption; there is an increasing stock, and
sellers are witting to accept lon Cognac best Brands
of the vintage of 1851 4s Id to 44 34, 1850
ditto, 43 4d to 4s 6d, 1842 ditto, 4s 94 to 4s I Id, 1848
ditto 5s 34 to 5s sd, oldsr 54 64 to 63 6d, low to mid
sorts from 2s 4:1 to 43, and Bordeaux 13 lld to 2s; still
deliveries remain larger than in the former year. The
market for British made Spirit remains dull, and prices
are rather lower, salon having been mettle at 9i 81 to 9s
94, net cash; at present Gin is held fir 8s 6d 22 under
proof, and 17 ditto 9s, but a decline is looked for. In
Geneva several purchases have been made, and rates rule
firm; ord at is 104 to is 11d, and fine 2s to 2s 4d per

INDIGO.—The market for East India has yet a favour-
able appearance; home dealers and exporters are ready
purchasers; supply is limited, and the rates obtained
have been 4d to 5d par lb above last auctions.
The quarterly sale is fixed for the 11:11 of May,
and snout 12,000 chests are likely to be offered;
at present 600 chests are advertised. Spani.h has
been much inquired after, and previous terms are easily
ob:,ained. Guatimala Flores realiz,d 53 2d to 55 6d,
Sabres 4a 3d to and Cortes 23 91 to 4s 3d per lb•
Stock is less than last season by 1,500 Scrum. For
auction next week 550 serous of a :new. arrival are do-
',dared. _

40 bags at auction a small
COCUINEAL.—To-day Cochineal was inactive, and of
part only sold at 4s Id to 4s 3d
for good aiid fine Mexican black, these are rather lower
intr.'s; Honduras silvers token in at 3s 8d to 3s 91 for
add and good fine black,at ss.
;TALLOW.-1 o-day at rondo sale 175 casks South
American Tall,,w mostly 8,4 d at, 32.- to 365, 225 ditto
An*tralian 33a 3d to 365, and 100 tenet Cochin Cocoa
Nut Oil.takeu n,361.
OILS —Prices continue to decline for Linseed-Oil, 25s
6d to 26s per ewt having been accept .l on the spot;
meliy parcel,, in cou.aquenee, have been tuk',ll.
011 is still prt.Bted for bale; brown at 28s 6.1 to 295,
psle 30J, and for-ign rriiaed 303, 61 to 31s; a
good busin.,..,s, however, has been done. Opera-
tions in Pnira, have been limited, and fine is
offering at 263 to 264 61 There tan cpiet market for
Cocoa Nut; Cochin can be obtained at 33s to 35-. Ceylon
323 to 34s,_and d,ne:, 293 to 31.. Olive sells with more
freedom; Gallipoli 431 to 4.51108; other sorts, 41/ to
421 103 per tun. Several tran.aetions have taken place
in Cud at 341 to 34i 10s. A good demand Exists for
Seal; pale at 301 1.03 to 311; other s: its 281 108 to 301.
Southe salts steadily ono 321 to 331 10e. Sperm in
brisk request at 861 to 871 10s.

THE AUSTRALIAN' GOLD MINES.
The following extracts are taken from a letter just re-
ceived by a lady in Stourbridgs, from her nephew, who
is located on the 'Turon river gold-digging. It is dated
November 21 and 23, 1851:
" writing desk is a piece of tenthold furniture
we usually denominate the grub box,' which servos U 3
for a table and to hold our victuals, and as the top of it
is only about 11 feet from the ground, I am obliged to
squat down to write in a by no ' means comfortable
position. I can ea'ily imagine what a sensation would
be created in England by the 'intelligence of the gold
discovery here, and the numbers it will cause to come
out in hopes of getting a share of the golden harvest.
Alas! how many to disappointmFat ; but still they
will come, and the effects ou these colonies will be
wonderful, not so much on account of the quantity of gold
that will be realised as by iotroclucing influences that
will counteract the eff,ct of the old convict system, and
gradually redeem society from its present low and
tia:ed state You want to know my opi-
nions respecting Australia, and how they agree with
those I had formed of it while in England. I cannot say
they agree well. I formed my English !rations from
books, but now I u,e) my bodily ceases, and the two
countries—the one ideal and the other real, are totally
unlike. The ideal Australia was a magnificent fertile
country, the real one is one vast desert. The ideal Aus-
tralia bad a climate unsurpassed, where sickness was
unknown, and skies ever blue; but in the real one people
die much faster that at home; and though chronic sick-
ness is not so common as elsewhere, acute diseases
are much more so, and persons are constantly cut off
in the prime of health and life at a day's notice. And
as to the blue skies, it would be well indeed for Australia
if she bad less of them. And then the hot winds! But
I cannot convey to you an idea of them, so I will not
attempt it. My opinion of the climate, on the whole, is
that it is very unhealthy. The sudden charges of tem-
perature are such us you can have no idea of; for in-
stance, I sleep under four blankets, then my Scotch
shawl folded, which is equivalent to two more, and a
rug, an amount of bed-clothes one would newer use in
England; and yet in the day time I never have anything
()Ver my shirt and trowsers. The exc ssive heat, of the
dray makes persons psculiarly sensitive to cold; indeed,
though I never siVir ice or snow yet, one hears far more
complaints about the cold than in England. Then as to the
scenery, which is so mueli enlarged upon by almost.
every writer on the subject—the boundless and fertile
plains, the noble ranges of monntairs, the beautiful park-
like appearance of the country, and the splendid timber
trees. Pooh; it's alt a dream. Plains there may be,
and boundless enough, but not fertile. They bear
nothing tilit au ephemeral verdure, which the first hot
wind destroys, and which at the hest can barely be
distinguished in many Vases; in fact, you
,can scarcely
believe in the r xistence (lianas barrenness without seeing
it. The vegetation is of a character quite peculiar to
Australia; the trees are all evergreens; but instead of
this being a pleasing feature in the landscape it is quite
the reverse, givirg it a most monotonous and dismal
appearance; nor is this in any measure recompensed by
the useful valities of the timber; it is near;y all hard
wood, and exceedingly heavy and bristle, and it is a
very rare thing to see a largo tree of any kind that is
sound. .

"You will be more ready to believe that the society
is of n very inferior description. The mixture of a large
nntnher of criminals would naturally have the
effect of corrupting it, morn or less; but apart from this
the upper chissts of the community are acted urn by
infl-mcea which deteriorate their maroiers and usages
materially. The great majority look upon the colony
not as their home, where they are to spend their cleys'
in peace and comfort, and where their children are to
live after them, but bring upon their arrival disgusted
with all they see, they_set theniselires down earn ally to
get money, in order that they may retern home as-
quickly as pr,ssible; this becomes a principle of their
(Australian). mistence, and is nearly, if not quit.-, the
only end tiny follow. Now, though this is a very na-
tural consequenc.., and you cannot blame men for doing
so, }et its effect on , thrs.,tone of society_ generally is
very itjariutv, destroying • all open, generous sena-
tnenta, oil cordial good feeling and teartine4s, and
giving inste:ad a cold, sordid, seltish feeling, than whith
nothing is more repulsive. There is, very !title literary
taste displayed ttro:aig the people—Which, however, was
to be expecred—their tastes lying quite in another curet,
Li(.,,--most horrible swearing, drunk• iness, dog and.
prizs fighting, basing their chief reercatir,ns: in these
ro,pects they represent what England was a cen,ury sge.
‘• Australia is by a monstrous fiction 0:1101i the land
Of plenty, but I have never yet been aide to learn in
what that plenty lies, unless it be it, bad. meat end
hbuidtuct —of ca gulird•i.o stn hAv other things are so cheap as at.
rse I speak not-of prices at the Tarot,,
but of what they were when I was in Melbourne. A.
few articles: imported are cheaper than in England,
such as tea and sugar, but all artielea the produce of
meat, are inferior in gaunt), nod
butter, milk, eggs, water, firing,
nt, furniture, &e., wire all higher, and
ts.at in
clothing, bonze re
, „Tort town too. What -.must prices be in
hth igeheror lom ni
pasr,ic except'
the interior.
when the enormous lard csrriago i 3 edded
•
given as much as Z",,0. per cwt. for
thereto? we have e
from Sydney, while we could
have got them sent London to. Sydney for one-
on, This will give you
or 20s. pe.
thirtieth that sox.
to this c-ontry to have no
thirl,es to be sent upoh:7;ra r t
an idea what; a drawb'kek ,
lisin shoat', tel you that thete
navigable "Ai cg
150 miles!
the 13_,
things vier, six. w"Otii
E P 1 and America.
and elretrc VIP".
ita elitrast that with thr
m.sko AU3-
'.Bat now to the: gold tit•ld: These are. t!'r.
trails ; speed, andyAes nos of railways,
quite a differe:3 ctiuntry, by inr•:*o.!nein4 In fa go
camber= pets() from ET. gland of rear for morl and r '
itrel!eet seul lestan,
f ' • d 6 g ths.coltwies greater
• y' gtv." •
f*Peree, and Convequeutly olg.ainiug ,snee
rom the Government Tut this
"141'141 du. ks; it cannot tench the natural
qualities tithe stirandc Pirate—it cannot m,ke rivers
flow or the •i• ' • (I ~pesk
• 1 etert smile; and A tbtra •
flu) v..t.a 15) nktm.arAir.lydiscovery can only
is desert. 13.4. ides winch, it
lie sexy to ter.-sr-e the fa ate (.f the gold. mines; they
ounot hat
maul' year,. • GLId is not found, tiny
other metal, to its oli.inal siata• ion in the rochtnirorn
whenee it may h.
. end it miT found deposited by the
rivers ai .tg their I,
from these positions,
banks, and in the bed, why re by
digging it is obtained in particles or scales,
get mini : but it hy en washed
mixed up with the earth, the • t t • quantity being
e greass
..;

I found in the rock, and it gradually diminishes as you ;
I ascend tittough the- strata eitsoil that the river in. the I
1 course of age has nhewited... This is of very various 1
*'thicknesses, sometime not above a foot or two, end
Isometimes thirty or forty feet, and there is generally.
1 about two feet in depth of that nearest the rock-withed.
1 This i 6 on the broke or the stream, "or what are celled
I the ' dryaliggings;' in the bed it is very different. There
is nnwth greater unifermity in the quantity of gold ob-
tained end the amount of soil wo have to sink- through;
beside=, the gold is net found in quantity en the reek
~in general, •but the highest strata of earth centainine
gold is generally the richest, and it gradually dim:-
, nishes as.we descend, till we corao to a strata of pipe-
Clay containirg.a little gold,. below which is the rock
having genets:ly no gold upon it. It is in the bed
et feet of tart-ace soil to throw
off before we come to the deposit, consisting of loose
shingle or gravel,
with stones of all sizes intermixed.
ctrav 'ew about on diggings'
igsg evill3a'
or eight that we nave been working. We
We bOO
one now in our hole above two yards long
and one yard,squ are, which we calculate to weigh three
or four tons--rather too much for us [O4OBB out of the
whole, so we are cerneut to let it stay there and work
reund it. The soil that we wash varies in thickness
from two to four or fivo feet, and is also interspersed
with large stones. This stuff used to be exceedingly
hard, like cement or conerete, but latterly we have had
"the wester privilege, sad- this has mace it the easier to
pick, though harder to wash. This water is a great
nuisauce to the bed diggers. We have now been about
'throe months flooded out of our holes, and shall nut be
able to. work our Claim properly till the river hes
ceased miming.. which we expect, ii no •rain fall, in
„r„htet, a month on six weeks. We commenced washing
the day. bolero yesterday, but we have to work
up to our knees in a ater, and I am not sure that'
we shall not have to keep a pump curstantly going.
When we were flooded out, and could do nothing at our
present claim, we tried to find some dry diggings that
would give us employment while the river was going
down; but faili2g,' this, we bought a hole upon Crawleres-
bill, in coejanction %hit a neighbour,- for 51, which we
',clerked at for a week, but findieg nothing except indi
cations, we sold it again for 31, by which we about
cleared our ezpentts. Having nothing we could do
them, my partner and I set out for a week's prosrct-
ing to o 'jeer about twenty-five miles off, ca/lect the
pt remul, tut returned unsuccessful. We have now got
into work agile, and our claim has every appearance of
proving recautierat:ve, if the river will out), go down;
• bill it will not do to depend on it alone, nod I think it
• probable I shall leave William to work at it-while I visit
the Arraluen diggings (which are very highly spoken
of ), and bee If th,le is t:il) thing better to be done there.
•• You know of ceerse that the profits of gold diggings
are very various; in feet it is to a greet extent a lot-
tery, particularly in the dry diggings. You may get 50
ounces in a day or nothing. Therefore a person mast
trust to perseverance aed the long run to remunerate
him; for instance
except clearing instance, we have been a month out of work,
off top stuff, and on Friday, when we re-
commenced wattling we got 12 dwes., and yesterday
2 oz. 13 dwts. 2 gr., which is the best day's work we
have ever done. But then you must deduct from this
two men's wages at 21. per week, and the time it has
taken U 3 to clear off the surface soil, for we cannot
do that and wash at the same time; indeed we can
only wash on an average one day in two. Oar mode
of working is as follows. The claim is about 12
or 13 het wide, anal extends from the bank to the river
P (about 200 feet). We commence at the bank and work
I gradually towards the river, and we have already worked
out about a third of the claim towards the beak. The
.. first process is to clear off the surface suit from n piece
of the lull width fettl, claim, and say ten or twelve feet
L towards the river, which is thrown behind, or to the
, part worked out. The deposit containing the gold is
i then taken out. and wheeled down to the cradle at the
river elide. We do ,soil take all the heavy etonce out of
, she bele, but roll them to one side vvtaio the otheeia
&kite; worked cut, mud Alien roll them into the vacant
spare egein while we work out the other side. When
tell it deee we clear- off another slice mid so go on.
The washing is a most simple andoilactusl process, but
, one you eau have little idea of without seeing. A hue-
, ketful of earth will contain perhaps one speck of gold,
say the size of a pin's bead, but as thin or thinner than
paper, and this can be got from the earth
, with the greatest ease You put the earth into a pro-
, specting pee, which is just like an earthenware milk pan,
but made of tin, which you immerse in the water, giving
it a circular motion so as to break up the earth, clean
the stones, and shake the gold to the bottom. The
larger stones when washed clean are then taken out, and
you ceetinue to shake the pan about with various mo-
tions, not easily described, but soon acquired, until the
soil is quite loose and the smaller stones clean. Then
you commence to wash away the soil by dipping the pan
into the water and raising it again, holding it slightly
inclined, so as to let a small quantity of the earth fl ivir
out with the water each time. At the end of each three
or four dippings you give the pan a good shaking, and
so continue, being more careful to the last, until every
particle of earth is washed away, and nothing but this
email speck of geld remains. But though this is the ori-
ginal or orthodox gold wathing, it is not the plan in ge--
, news! use, as it it evidsnt that but a very small quantity
could be washed by this process. The cradle is the ma-
chine generally used. In shape it is much like a child's
cradle. There is a hopper or sieve', punched with holes,
about a quarter of an inch in diameter, placed over where
the child's heed would be, and beneath this e. dashboard
sloping towards the upper end of the cradle, and having
strips of wood, a quarter of an inch thick, nailed round
it so as to form a rim ; and there are also two or three
pieces of wood nailed across the bottom of the cradle:
The upper end is raised two or three inches above the
lower ; and, hiving four or five shovels full of earth put
into the hopper, the cradle commences rocking with the
left hand, white with a dipper in the right water is con-
tinually baled from the river and thrown over the earth
into the hopper until all is washed away by the atones,
which are then thrown out. The earth falls from
the hopper on to the dashboard, and from that to
the bottom of the cradle, while it is inter-
cepted by the pieces:nailed across, until it escapes
at the lower end. But you will say, where is 'the
gold all this white ? I will tell you. In a properly con-
structed cradle three-fourths of the gold veal bo caught
by the ring of the dashboard, as its superior density pre-
vents it being washed over with the rest of the soil, and
what little escapes the dashboard is caught by the pieces
railed across the bottom, its gravity,
combined with the
reciting and water, causing it to sink into the earth,
which these pieces iteerespt. But 'the crailer has fre-
quently to loosen this earth with a trowel, or it would
bvt hard end the gold -would wash over it. I should tell
you, however, that the respecting pan has still to be
used. After washing every three or four hoppers full of
earth, the dashboard is taken out, and what gold is in
it is put into the pan, and at the end of the day, or as
often as the er:sdler chooses, he takes the earth from the
bottom of the cradle and puts it into the pan, which is
then washed out in the manner I first deacribtd, and the
day's proceeds are obtained.
•• Oar mot. heaf lire hes hitherto beenbarbarous enough,
but we arc getting a little more civilised new. When I
first came on the river there were very"few stores, but
new there are twenty times as many as there were then,
and competition has reduced prices to something more
like reason. We used to give 70'. per 10Olbs. for fl tar,
which we can: now get fur 30s. There Was at first no
meat to be had from one end of the river to the other
bee mutton. Sind'of this no butcher would sell lees than
a sloe or quarter, and not the latter without a deal of
grumbling, but now we get plenty of beef in joints, and
can take es small a quantity of that or mutton as albs.
Tailors, shoemakers, barbers, and blacksmiths are be-
coming sprinkled about, and one or two bakehouses
have been se:acted, one is close to us; and wegst good
light bread at 9d. the 21b. leaf (weighing 11-bt.) Mack-
etnitieeg was a rare gamesome months ago, they charged
63. per end for sharpening piek.s_.
a two minutes' job,
.bat it was too good to last, and competition soon lowered
their tone. . • • • . . . .
" Sickness is prevalent here, particularly dysentery,
which': has carried Or several persons. Everybody
ascribes this to persons drinking too mteth water, but I
differ from everybody's opinion altogether, and think
that it results from the use of so much stale provisions,
and want of vegateblea and fruits, combined with the
(xcessive use of spirits, and perhaps tee. The water
may not be of first-rate
quality., but I never heard
of a dog or horse on the 'Toren which got the dysen-
or), from drinking it; and by the simple pro6es3 of
boiling it. its noxious qualities are removed."— Worces-
ter Chronicle.

4...•• ,—,-,—.
STOUR VALLEY.—osr ay imam Cu'aitt has made his
prtliminarY r` Port 10 tho Board of Trade, which we on •
.d-rstand is iniavewy respret in favour of the viows advo •
'leafed by the London at:d North. Weatern Company, and
condemnatory of the Shreivabark-tand Biraiinglia6 Om-
,Wolverhampton
Herald.
Disodracuron- STATR Or BUNKER'S POND, HACK-
NEY-sown.—On Wednegday, at an inquest held at the Royal
Oak, Barnett• street, before Mr. Biker, the coroner, . Mr,
Murray, the registrar of the Hackney-road district, called
the attention of the coroner to the state of Bunker's Pond,
situated 'near, Catnbridge- heath, Hackney;rcad, adjoining
the.Regcrit's Canal, to which he bad had, on former occa-
sioos, to refer in his report to the registrar•general.—
coroce.r Have you written to the.constable, giving him in-
, tortnatten of airy deaths which have taker,' place owing to
thebtate of the pond? Mr. Murray—No, I have not. 'fhere
are now •;‘)n my book the
names of live persons who have
died in ht. Anne's-place, adjoining. Coroner—Only bring
one case before me and I shalt know how to deal with it.
Mr. Murray—These persons are said to have died ct bron-
ehitia, but they have comokined for .a long time previously
of their clr:st, whkh I have no doubt is produced by the
tfti"ittrn fru"' the pond. Many of the inhabitants make
. .
circular complaints. Juror--Thepond is full of putrid fisb.
Mr. Murrav—There are loads of putrid matter in the pond,
and reluse from various factories. I hope Alvin be removed
before the Lot weather aets in. Several jurcrs also made
complaints of the state of the pond' The state of the pond
has beep before the court of the Metropolitan Commissianers
o; Sewers for some tm
tints past, and a commication has
been entered into etith the Regent's Canal Company on the
subje.t.
DisTrt!sslNG Occitan.ENCS.—
At noon, on Satur-
day last, a fire, which totally destroyed a stable, cart and cow
, ee,.‘, place t
shed fing
, , took 1,0 the premises°'cuPied by Mr.
J"q4 4,eighton, tarmerend healer, situate at Red Hill,
near the junction of the Whittington and Spetchle3, roads.
The buildings referred to were
Leighton'i d welling, on the west' side, and the chimney of
the house taking Eire the speras communicated to the thatch
es spread rapidly, and._ in
of the stable, froth nheneethe flaw proximity to Mr.
a ahort time the whole (A. the nut-premises were eniaer
,burned. or pulled down. That ntisfortunea come not singly
present .catas-
was never more, sadly verified than by the
litou's wife expired traPbe. Oa the Tuesday reviou3 Leig
stiddenly, whilst sewing, in 1.-iter chair. 1.1; ith the assistance
in close
of the' enginbs the fire i;,,a, ve.nttl+ll), EUMtied' without
Worcester Chronicle
other loss Than we have stated.
.---
—The fol-
lowing COLONIAL JUDGeDIFFICULTILS.
IN he effects
lowing extract from a rivate letter describes one of t
lc the Judge)
of the bold discoveriePa in Australia:—"1 .
turned out to grass, and
has no servants, his horses are
heing.an invalid, be is
pushed to court
in is bath chair by his
sons, j