The Sun.
London, England, 1852-04-10 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON,

sidering the innumerable branches of industry affected
by such works, it will be admitted that such internal
prosperity must have resulted from the fact that, whereas
in 1845, only 2,024 miles of railroad bad been opened,
costing 71,649,0001., in 1851, there had been opened
elose on 7,000 miles, involving an expenditure of
236,841,4201. Now, whence, I would ask, came this extra
investment of 165,000,000/. in the six yea: A, or twenty-
six millions the average per annum? Whence but from
the unexampled prosperity of trade. Nor is it in this
channel only that capital has been fruitfully flowing. The
creation has gone on apace of mills, factories, docks,
wharfs, and warehouses; not a little has also gone on in
ship building; there was no neglect of Lord Derby's ad-
vice as to draining; and yet capital has continued to
abound at 2i- per cent. in all monetary avenues ; while
nearly twenty millions of gold are lyinr, in the vaults of
the Bank of England. Again : at the' commencement
of free trade in shipping, in 1848, the amount of our
mercantile tonnage was 4,050,190 tons, employing
236,906 men; in three years, at the close of 1851, the
tonnage exceeded 4,300,000 tons, and the men 240,000."

He also proves that there has been a diminution of
crime and intemperance, and a saving in the latter
half of 1851, when compared with that of 1850, of no
less than 11 per cent. in pauper maintenance, a
" most material direct relief," as Mr. PETO justly
remarks, " to the landed interest, who, it is to be re-
membered, have likewise shared in the general benefit
of reduced cost cf living, and in the indescribable
advantage resulting from a state of society where the
masses, being employed, well paid, and well fed, are
necessarily contented, and attached to the institutions
which secure them against the encroachments of
others."

It is unnecessary to follow up the arguments of
the Hon. Gentleman on this subject, which must
convince any unprejudiced auditor of the inestimable
advantages of untaxed food, of the right of every man
" to eat the bread for which he has laboured," with-
out paying heavy tribute to any man or
body of men. lie, however, declares that
whilst strenuously advccating the continuance of
free trade, he is fully prepared to remove
any burden that is borne unfairly by the land.
" The whole subject," he declares, " of the taxation
to which the land is liable, is a fair matter of inquiry
before the Legislature ; and if there are burdens by
taxation on land to promote national objects, let them
no longer ha borne by the land exclusively." Thia is
fair and proper. It is acting up to the Christian
principle of " doing as we would be done by."
While
insisting on full justice for ourselves, let us be pre-
pared to do justice to all without exception, to show
that we seek for nothing which we are not
equally prepared to render to all in duo season.

On the great question of Parliamentary reform
Mr. PETO is equally satisfactory. He holds out a
hope of something better than the mockery of reform
which led to the change of the Ministry. While
condemning the members of the present Ca-
binet, and asserting the impossibility of their
continuance in office, he still expresses his
belief that they will " unintentionally be
the occasion of much abiding national good,"
and that " already there have been evolved the ele-
ments not only of a still more liberalised Government
than the last, but there has been a mutual recognition
among all sections of Parliamentary Liberals
of the basis of a measure that shall go a long
way towards remedying abuses that have
been the scandal of our electoral system."
He adds, " This co-operation alone is wanting.
Without it political improvement throughout the
kingdom will again be arrested for an indefinite time.
Not only will there be no re-adjustment of the fran-
chise, but there will be co security for the just enjoy-
ment of what is already possessed ; and it is for you,
and for all large constituencies, to say, whether you
will permit any Government to stand between you
and the reforms you desire ? Of thos?, reforms an
extension of the suffrage is one of the most pressing.
It must also be apportioned on a principle that shall
give numbers and intelligence their just weight."
We heartily commend this admirable declaration of
political faith to the calm and attentive perusal, not
only of the electors of Norwich, to whom it is more
immediately directed, but also of every constituency
in the country. It will teach them a valuable lesson
as to what they may fairly demand and have a right
to expect from their representatives. It cannot be
anticipated that many such men can be found as
SAMUEL MORTON PETO has proved himself to be ;
but let those who have the power endeavour to find
worthy coadjutors, who will co-operate with him in
sustaining the line of policy and promoting the views
which he has so ably and distinctly enunciated.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris journals of yesterday.
The Debats contains an article by M. EMILE CHE-
VALIER, in reply to one in the Constitutionnel, in
support of the protective system. The Constitu-
tionnel is rather protectionist, and declares that any
imitation of the free trade policy of England would
be fatal to the interests of France. The Debats, on
the contrary, is of opinion that the protective or
rather prohibitive system might be relaxed with the
greatest safety for French manufacturers, and the
greatest advantage to the public, who would no longer
be the victims of a monopoly which checks competi-
tion and paralyses enterprise. It concludes by
saying " The question is no longer to know if pro-
tection is good. That system has had its day ; it
cannot now retain the mastery any longer, it can
only capitulate on as good terms as it can find. We
are of opinion that most honourable terms be granted
it, and that time be accorded for the transition. But
from the present time, all ought to understand that
free trade is the point advanced to. And in speaking
thus, we are certain that we give the Government a
counsel salutary for itself as well as advantageous for
the country."
We find the following in the Presse, with the sig-
nature of M. DE GrIRARDIN _

" In his speech on the occasion of the reception of the
oath of the judges, the President of the Republic raised
universal suffrage to the height of a principle; he de-
clared that it was the national will itself, and that the
sovereignty of the people was a dogma. From this de-
claration I draw the conclusion that the Presi•
dent cf the Republic, if he reads the news-
papers, and if he reads these lines, will immediately give
orders for the release of the only ono of the elect of
universal suffrage, who was arrested on 2d December,
1851, and who is still in custody, the 7th April, 1852.
To detain any longer M. Miot, elected representative of
the people for the department of Nievre, would be not
only to attack and strike universal suffrage in his person,
but would cause a man to pass before a principle."
The Minister of Finance has, says the Moniteur,
received from all the departments, except Corsica, the
amounts of the demands for the reimbursements of
the Three per Cents. The total of these demands
amounts to 1,936,783 f. of rente, representing a capital
of 38,735,660 f.
The Union says,—" The list of senators who are
to receive pension has, it is said, been just made out.
The number amounts to 38. The dotations, it is
said, vary from 10,000 f. to 30,000 f."
There is a long article by M. GIrANIER DE CA.SSAG.
rue in the Constitutionnel of Thursday, on the
collective letter of General CAVAIGNAC, M. CANNOT,
and M. HENON, declaring their refusal to take the
oath prescribed by the Constitution. AI. GRA.NIER,
DE CASSAGNAC criticises the letter paragraph by para-
graph. He concludes thus :
" It is not for General Cavaignac to speak of public
liberties, on the ruin of which his power had been ele-
vated; and when the rigours of arbitrary rule are spoken
of in collective letter, that this is certainly strange in
the mouth of a man, who, in the name of a dictatorship
of his own making, which never received any national
sanction, transported 14,000 men without judgment,
suspended or suppressed eighteen journals, and kept Id.
do Girardin in secret confinement for twenty-seven days.
gtfuooairftgbyt
eoertawtlueoandorkdltesihdhaetrfotonyhr
we
aoasf placeda
oo
uthe t
rhye, elh of
he
rdsbeitnog
assume
on which wanton,
beltibtfaxtrao that cTouhnotrydaytho airs of a DProtector
tiredand
an avenger.
ot
if, tehhooldeyt t, e rt
h, ofcontinue
preaching
the
writersu p cl e -
hhAei
when mdoaensht may
ono 2
not
comes merit[h a vde
of human blood,
cle-
mency,
g6tieJarusslt , replied..e to. him, the crocodile is then also
least without bar ol Ify, -'-'t
hweou candidates,lwould
dscentedtv do not desirous
. a admit,' mit , '
'hat declaration, taken
o'pthowaterthseofelowchtoiorhs sent us
gtoostihtoinleauglethgisoi
"Pairing the violation of right.'
of
the
t for 9 that
not to be
same right the violation of which they regret
Carnot,
i Against g, o - rotes t o d y '
able to repair. Assuredly General Cavaignac, M. C
enoteionutlhyeamminidddungrespect
esepleecotors as in
and htt. 11__
re-
ceived. At thayin- acce
they were elected the
od when
Con-
stitution had beene timepromulgated. They
for a long .
who sought wereg not elteecdtetheleasguapinusotrttwhehiirahwitlhl,eyorrae!
tioning • and if Gen. Ca-
vaignac, M. Carnet at they were sane
did not' intend to sit is
were
int towirthuaatei.ocne pa tferde e
lay caanndd irdeagtue sl :ir
Ipy. knew what they
and )14.11enon
the Legislativeb'
what nand against whom
were preparmg.
st whom did they want to protest?
accepted by all
it was a mere comedy thellyuszargeaaincstt-
France, and u
their side, right
citizens.
choloYgelfr
and counsel contempt powers have not right
when the most frightful ro
ea not •where! These gen-
tlementhe public
exist any
.1 t • time to suggest disorder
ditpbaoale,litihaiaelf elected by eight mill:ions
on
for heir
have been saved, that it can be belief,
naypopularise revo..
when property, family ties,
has
iite from,itsel
Cavaignac M. Carnot, and their
friends do act appear to
lotions! General Com— hoped to
comprehend with what old rags

SATURDAY

they are covered, and what a superannuated language
they are speaking. They may have forgotten the mis-
chief which they have committed, but France has the
right and the duty to remember it, and it is quite enough
that she pardons it !"
. . _

The first class frigate, the Forte, is to sail shortly
for Guyana, with a new body of men condemned to
transportation. The prisoners are to be established
in various pointy-, and particularly at Salutation II
Islands, opposite the mouth of the liourou, about 15
miles from the roadstead of Cayenne. These islands,
three in number, are well•wooded, well-watered, and
fertile. An establishment is to be formed also at the
Isle Maraca, which is exceedingly fertile ; and, lastly,
a colony is to be formed along the Oyapock, a fine
river, emptying itself into the Atlantic.
M. TURGOT, Minister of Foreign Affairs, has (says
the Coriaire) waited on the POPE'S Nuncio, and ex-
pressed his regret at the conflict which has arisen re-
specting the Prince DE CANINO. lie added, that he
had sent off an attache of his Cabinet with a peremp-
tory order to M. DE CANINO to return to Paris.
M. LECLERQ, a tradesman of Mons, who died lately,
left a great number of original documents connected
with the trial of Counts D'EGAIONT and DE HORN,
for having taken part in the insurrection of the
Netherlands against the Spaniards, and who, it will
be remembered, were beheaded by order of the Duke
of ALBA. By his will, M. LECLERQ ordered that
these papers should. be burned, but the authorities of
Mons prevented this. It is not known how the do-
cuments, which. are of great historical importance,
came into his possession. They formerly belonged to
sh iotv to them.
s a of
railwayßelgium, from and it is probable will be
It is said that the Government is about to cause
and that the Sardinian Government on its
Marseilles to Nice to be
part intends to have one surveyed from Nice to
Genoa. 1844 and 1845 a line was surveyed
restoredtshuet,vaer3
from Marseilles to. Italy by Toulon, or Aix.
The Bourse continues to be dull, except for Railway
Shares. The Four-and-a-Half per Cents. opened
made,
at tolf. 5c., and closed at 101 f. 10c. for the end of the
month; the Three per Cents. closed at 71f. 50c.;
Orleans Railway
Shares, 1,175 f.; Rouen, 782 f. 50c.;
Havre, 2971. 50c.; Great Northern, 695 f.; Avignon,
287 f. 50c.; Vierzon, 570 f.; Basle, 2481. 75c.; Bordeaux,
601 f. 25c.; Paris and Strasburg, 571 f. 25c.; Tours and
Nantes, 357 f. 50c.; Paris and Lyons, 645 E

SPAIN.
The Madrid journals of the 4th state that the
Queen of SPAIN and the Royal Family left Madrid
on the 3d for Araujuez immediately after the religious
ceremony at the church of Atocha.
A recent census states the population of Madrid to
amount to 234,178—v1z. 113,943 males, and 120,225
females. The population of the suburbs is stated to
be 52,733.
It being Sunday, the Bourse remained closed.

W telegraph from Vienna that, e learn by imme-
diatelyGEßMANY-
after the deathof Prince DE SCHWARZEN.•
B iRG,
,the EMPEROR sent by telegraph to Count
E caAluaEissruN requesting him to wait on him
without
Count Boor, has been for some
t°hLou bt
de
months Austrian Minister in London, end his dif-
ferent missions at Turin, at St. Petersburgb, and
more recently at the Conferences of Dresden, had
excited. the particular attention of Prince DE
SCEIWARZ_ENDERG, who, finding his health impaired,
pointed him out to the EMPEROR as his successor.
Count. Buo.i, is about 45 years of age. He will con-
tinue the line of policy of the deceased Minister in
the direction of the foreign affairs of Austria. He
passed through Brussels the evening before last, en
route for Vienna.
The approaching Customs' Congress at Berlin ex-
ci▪ tes great interest in Germany. Several diploma-
tists, representing the States which demand high
protective duties, assembled at Darmstadt, a few days
ago, to deliberate on the course to be pursued ; and
on the same day- a general meeting of the Asso-
ci▪
ation for the Protection of National Manufactures
was held at Frankfort, under the presidency of Prince
F. DE lIOIIENLOIIE. Several French, English, and
Belgian manufacturers attended the latter meeting.
The Breslow Gazette states that great distress con-
tinues in IVestern Gallicia from scarcity of food.
The country seats of the nobility
and gentry being
almost beseiged by crowds of starving peasantry im-
ploring relief, the Governor of the province has issued
an order that every commune shall provide for the
support of its poor.
Several young men were arrested a few days ago
at Pesth, for having worn tricolour ribbons, and cried
" Long live KossuTa !" Two toy-dealers were also
arrested for having exposed for sale dolls and toys
ornamented with the national colours.
According to a statistical account just published
by M. DIETERICI at Berlin, Prussia has a superficial
extent of cultivated ground of 28,618,801 acres, pro-
ducing 10-i millions of hectolitres of wheat, 35 of
rye, 10i of barley, 43 of oats, and 153 of potatoes ;
the whole amounting in value, at the average price
of the last 30 years, to 332 k millions of tbalers
millionss s
cafn d
sheep, m
60 millions
o o og o ofa goats.
horned.
(about 1,745 millions of francs). At the commence-
ment of 1850 Prussia possessed 1.1 millions of horses,
'
c7alttmlei,lllio6rifs of a
asses