The Sun.
London, England, 1852-05-18 00:00:00

ness and the Roman Court the real state of public
opinion in Ergland and Ireland, and also to state what
was the real interest of the English and Irish Roman
Catholics. He believed that the consequences which
would flow from such an appointment would be most
salutary.—(Hear, heir.)
THE MAYNOOTH ENDOWMENT.

The Marquis of I3READALBANE was proceeding to
present some petitions against the Maynooth grant, but
was reminded of the rule against the presentation of
petitions after a quarter past five o'clock, if the crders
of the day were not disposed of. The Noble Earl then
said that most probably he would present these petitions
on Friday, and at the same time ask the Noble Earl at
the head of the Government what course they intended
to adopt with regard to this important subject, with re-
spect to which the country took so deep Rll interest.
COLONIAL BISHOPS BILL.
On the motion of the Archbishop of CANTERBURY,
this Bill was read a third time and paswd.
STOCK IN TRADE BILL.
On the motion of Lord COLCHESTER, this Bill was
read a second time.

HIGHWAY RATES BILL.
This Bill was also read a second time, on the motion
of the same Noble Lord.

THE AUSTRALIAN GOLD MINES AND
EMIGRATION.
The Earl of HARRO WBY then rose to move for—
t, A return of vessels, with tonnege and number of
emigrants (men, women, and children specified), which
have sailed from British ports for South Australia and
Victoria respectively, from September 1, 1851; also, 2,
similar return for the previous five years, severally ; also,
3, money now at the disposal of the Emigration Com-
missioners for the purposes of emigration to those
settlements; also, 4, extracts from diseatches of the
governors, received from the Ist of March
forareti ss
toiotuhreedaedte
of the returns, urging the necessity
emigration, and notifying increased remittances being
made for that purpose; end also, 5, copies of letters
addressed to her Majesty's Secretaries of State for the
Colonies, from the Ist of Dec, tuber last to the present
time, on the subject of increased activity in suppl3iog
the great want of labour in the pastoral and agricul-
tural districts of Australia, from Captain Stanley Carr,
chairman of the Committee of Australian colonists. The
Noble Earl observed that, in consequence of the recent
discoveries of gold in Australia, a great social revolu-
tion had taken place in the colony. The population of
Australia at this moment was not sufficiently numerous
to meet the increased demand for labour, and the colony,
naturally looked to this country to make up the defici-
ency. A general feeling had got abroad, however, that
the Government of this country had done nothing to
promote emigration to Australia, and that, in fact, they
had attempted to enforce old regulations with regard to
emigration which were no longer practicable. The Go-
vernment, it was thought, had attempted to force upon
Australia emigrants from the rural districts of this
country, whereas the people of Australia desired emi-
grants from the towns. The colonists also desired the
importation of young persons from this country, but the
Government restrictions were so great that it was consi-
dered almost hopeless on the part of the Australians to
accomplish their wishes in this respect.
The Earl of DESART observed it was perfectly
true that great apprehensions were entertained as to
the evils which would result from the abandonment
of labour and occupation on the part of those em-
ployed in Victoria and other parts of aNew South
Wales. Her Majesty's Government, who, as their
Lordships were aware, had not a very strong dispo-
sable force on the spot, had done the utmost to assist
the colony in obviating the unfavourable results anti-
cipated from the reek nt gold discoveries. It had
been stated by the Secretary of State for the Colonies
that four companies of the 59th Regiment had been
asked for by the colonists, to aid in the preservation of
peace and order; and the First Lord of the Admiralty
had received a requisition to send out a ship to Mel-
bourne to assist in the same direction. The Noble
Lord went on to say that he had many misgivings as to
the character of the emigrants who were now going out,
and who were of a class from whom he feared much
danger was to be apprehended, and who were liable to
the gold fever. Their first impulse would be to rush to
the gold diggings at once; and the influx of a large po-
pulation composed of classes not very disposed, perhaps,
to consider their best interests, would tend rather to in-
crease than alleviate the evil. At the same time much
evil would result from the abandonment of many fields
of labour, in which it was' esirable as much as possible
to augment the supply of labour.—(Hear, hear.) It
was the duty of the Government to facilitate the trans-
mission of emigrants, and they would avail them-
selves to the utmost of the funds at their disposal,
in order to avert the evils which otherwise must re-
sult from the great influx of labourers selected only
from classes least likely to consult their own real
interests.—(Hear, hear.) It was a great question
whether, after all, those who devoted themselves
to agriculture might not realise more money by
the high prices which would result from the abandon-
ment of so many fields of employment, and the great
quantity of gold, than by going to the gold diggings._
(Hear.) And he believed that this would, in tact, be
the case, and that such persons would at once earn a
great debt of gratioide from the country, and derive
great advantage to themselves—(Hear)—preventing the
waste of a large quantity of capital now invested in flocks
of sheep, wandering (it might be said) without a shep-
herd.—(Hear, bear.)
Lord PORTMAN wished to call the attention of the
Noble Lord to the regulations of the Emigration Com-
missioners, which were, many of them, so minute th.t it
was scarcely possible to comply with them, and they
were evaded or disregarded iu a way which the Com-
missioners would rather disapprove of. For instance.
there was required a certificate of registry of birth and
baptism. This might be easily obtained in countiy
places, but in large towns there were vast numbers who
would find it very difficult to discover the place of re-
gistry.—(Hear.) Then, again, the payments required
to be made by the mechanids were larger than thoae re-
quired from agriculturists, and Set the mechanics were
of as much use as the lebeurers. The certificate was too
stringent in its requisitions, and was often on that ac-
count signed without much scruple with respect to the
character of the persons proposing to emigrate, it being
believed that the man who was rather an idle fellow, and
somewhat of a poacher withal at home, would make a
very good colonist or emigrant abroad.
Earl GREY said the subject was of extreme import-
ance, and his opinion had always been that the money
to be expended in emigration ought to be expended
with a primary view to the welfare of the colony, being
derived from the purchase of lands in the colony; and
this principle had been laid down by Parliament, and
had been pursued by various Secretaries of State. In
conformity with this principle had been his instructions
to the Emigration Commissioners, whom he had desired
to consider themselves trustees for the colonists, and
bound eo to spend the money at their disposal as to pro-
duce the greatest possible advantage to the colony, and
not to consider the interest of the landowners, who were
pressing them with the object of getting rid of such
persons as would rather be an incumbrance than an ad-
vantage to the colony. His Noble Friend (Lord Port-
man) entertained an opposite opinion, but he (Lord Grey)
believed that an idle and drunken man at home would
be an idle and drunken man abroad. In spite even of
the existing regulations, attempts were made from time
to time to defeat the vigilance of the Commissioners
by giving false certificates; but the Commissioners
would, to the utmost, resist those attempts, and
would avail themselves of all the powers of the law
to punish such scandalous misconduct.—(Hear, hear.)
The Noble Lord objected to the regulations as too
stringent, especially with regard to mechanics. But
these regulations were established at the earnest desire
of the colonists, and when, some years ago, they had
been relaxed, the result had been complained of by the
colonists, as tending to give them mechanics instead of
agriculturiats. Men were very much the creatures of
habit, and those who wore accustomed to live in towns
would not be content to live in solitude, keeping sheep.
aoyfschhirlren,ouitt
hAasdraergiasrednsftrhoemlitmheitafatcintuthinatthiellnneussinbaelwr
when a great number were on board a vessel. Hoquite
agreed that the money sent over by the colonists should
be expended as speedily as possible—( Hear, hear)—con-
sistently with the due selection of emigrants. He was
not unaware of the dangers referred to by the Noble
Earl (Desert), but he believed they would not be di-
minished by any attempts to diminish the current of
emigration. Since labour bad become more abundant,
applications had been made to reduce the amount re-
quired to be deposited, so as to increase the facilities for
emigration; but he hoped advantage wouldbetahkyenthoef
the gold fever to increase the sum thus payable
emigrants.
The Earl of DONOUGIIMORE said he thought the
class of young persons now shut up in workhouses in
Ireland would be very fit for emigration to Australia.
It was obvious that the class of persons now going out
were going out only for the gold diggings. But be be-
lieved that the young persons to whom ho referred would
stay with the parties by whom they were hired. The
result of their emigration would be greatly to relieve
the over-burdened workhottes of Ireland.—(Hear.)
Lord WODEHOUSE said the position of the Austra-
lian colonies interested this country greatly in conse-
quence of the trade in wool; and to relieve the colonists,
and benefit that trade, it was r, quisite that the emigra-
tion should be not only abundant, but immediate.—
(Hear, hear.) And the question was, whether a suffi-
cient number would be obtained in a sufficient time
without relaxing the regulations of the Commissioners.
—Meer, hear.) The effect of these regulations seemed
to bo that none could emigrate except a class of persons
whom we should be sorry to see go..—(Hear,
h
The Duke of ARGYLL said the question was whether
the regulations might not be to a certain extentbe sent out
(Hear, hear.) a
relaxed
(Hear, hear)—and yet eligible emigrants
The Noble Earl, lately at the head of
the Colonial Department, seemed to think that the s
re-
gulations were to remain exactly(sHomea some degree,
uear.)
ainndfalacte, hopedthey alreadyhwaduuldhe
altered been
yetalterednn ho left them. But,
o in r
of
periodically recurring periods de-
pressionwere exposed to
nse uence of this, and
The population of manufacturing towns,. such as Paieley,
clvery well qualified
and distress; and ine
foundco
agricultural, the
.conlstutarnatl chthaangweeoafreorcseuwpeartionkfromi manufacturing to
ythese regulations
for a good deal of farmingtiweoer
ouf—me
emigration,--(Hear,
ijogs work—ploughing,
tuileonrng3,l.xual fencing,ueded
( ar,
hear.) from
wasregulation
man of
tB6line. wYeanyHteron
?oners wished not to
might be altered with advantage to the mother country
and to the colonists.—(ficar, hmelasr.
been stopped in consequence of
could get labourers. As to the
I GREYigrati
oi
if
,at said
te
they
tande
the conduct of the board of guardians in not conforming
ar :ohs weaversrelin
to the regulations of the Commissitmere, which, in some
cases, had been fraudulently evaded.
The Earl of HA RRO WBY said there was another
consideration besides the character of the class of emi-
grants who would most benefit the colony, and that was
the lapse of tithe.—(tieftr) it might haPPeu 041 the