The Sun.
London, England, 1852-08-26 00:00:00

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inioe twhichooproceedings,nbjeoeftthsarchaeology—not
hut,teh
wereoits eoannsgroty,
society.
eni stnggytct
-6f old stones, but for the Attse
riving from them that knowledge w.
ro-
priate and valuable a supplement to histe'e y a dry
chronicle had been explained by those aids; . nothing.
he thought, could more clearly show the valuable aid
given by archmology to history, in explaining the habits
and manners of our forefathers—certainly a most valuable
part of history—than the book lately published by their
able townsman, Mr. Hudson Turner.—(Applause.) He
had been long acquaintoi with that gentleman, and bad
no hesitation in pointing to his book on the domestic
architecture of the middle ages as one of the most
valuable contributions to archtealogy. They were met
there to give their aid to the illustration of history by
archaeology, and their objects were not confined to any
one period or branch of that subject. The subject of
history included the more advanced operations of the
study, and under that head documents of early date and
manuscripts were often explained, and commewaries
of great interest brought forward. treder the head of
early medinval antiquities, the histery of the early
inhabitants of this country and of the Remises was of•
ten most interestingly illustrated. Those antiquities
consisted chiefly of small objects, but the saaject of
architecture was one which referred principally to
ancient buildings, to the castles and churches, for
which tha' district of the north of England was
so particularly famed. He defied any person to go to
any county in which a more noble series of eas,le4 and
miles of that
Ll. could he,
faougurdetahtearn
wexittheinnt a ofnerbteaainutinfunlmanrerhitoefct
town. It was as well, before they separeacd, however,
that they should make up their minds, not merely ro the
investigations of interesting works of :art, but to come to
some practical decision which was likely to further the
interests of archaeology in this country; arid with refe-
rence to that, he was t.uxious to make a few remarks oa
the positionin which he conceived the Government
should be placed in regard to advancing atchse )1, gical
and literary pursuits. It was hardly a question to say.now
far Government should interfere with such subjects; but
one great object which a Government ought. to take in
hand should be to preserve objects illustrative of the
arts and history of every country, particularly in that
iu which they lived. That, he was happy to say, was
in the course of being
accomplished. Ut.til lately cur
museums, though they contained many relics of Greece
and Rome, had nothing relating to the domestic arts
of our forefathers. That reproach was about to be
wiped away, and he' believed ere long there wnuld
be found in the British Museum an ample collection
'of British antiquities. Again, the Government ought in
to encourage the establishment of locomu-
esevuermy ws, lYch as those of which this town could boast, tor
many a noble work would be preserv,d if that were the
case.—(Hear, hear.) There was scarcely a town on ;he
continent which had not its local museum, in which ob-
j ects of the highest interest were to la- found, illustrative
of history and the arts. Another object in which the
Government could fairly interfere was by aiding in the
publication of ancient documents, such as could not be
undertaken by private person!. He was also happy te
say that the subject had been taken up by the
Government, for lately a work which antiquaries had
very much at heart, the publication ef the ancient laws
of Ireland, had been sanctioned by them. These laws
were of very great antiquity, and the language in which
they were written was cue which very toe were able to
grasp, and, had the work been delayed a few years, the
probability was that those laws could not have been pro-

[PRICE SD•

perly explained. The
preservation cf aucient moen-
meets was also a question in which the Government was
bound
to interfere.—(Cheers.) That nWect which
the Government had totally neglected.w" la° France, and
even in republican Swita-rland,. t. was contrary to the
asso-
ciated with the history of the.
ancient building which was asso-
law to destroy any -
it was important,
tothatp interfereow e r country; aad he thought
having ushuoeulrdegard to the rights
of
Governmentproperty,
in flagrantonu instances of the
be lodged in the
decay or destruction of ancient m
one of the most interesting
Roman memorials
He believed
country, the Roman Theatre at Sr, Albans, in this
to be duat,lished by n public company at this moment,
about
u'oment,
and it would be in the recollection of almost every
that a great number of time-hallowed objects had e r ono f
ro
time to time been allowed to disappear within the sphere
of his observation. The last topic to which he would
advert was that of treasure-trove. In the present state
of the law, gold or silver found in the ground became
the property of the Crown, and the consequence was,
that a great many objects of interest and antiquity
had, to prevent their being seized by the Crown, found
their way into the melting-pot. lie heard not long ago
of a golden breastplate and helmet, of most elaborate
workmanship, having been melted down from a motive
of that kind.—(Hear.) He submitted that there ought
to be a law of pre-emption, bylwhich a person on whose
property treasure-trove was found might receive its value
teem the State, in the same way as if he were to dispose
of it to any private individual. The Noble Chairman
concluded amidst cheers by stating the pleasure it gave
him as a member of the institute to visit this ancient
town, replete as it and the adjacent district were with
the peculiar objects cf their study.
On the motion ut the Hon. H. T. LIDDELL, a vote of
thanks wss accorded to the President; and
Mr. H. HINDE moved and Sir W. LAWSON seconded
a similar oompliment to his Grace the Duke of Northum-
berland, for his presentation to the institute of a survey
of the Roman road in Northumberland, called Watling-
street, and the accompanying memoir.
The company afterwards, under the guidance of Mr.
Bouchier Richardson, visited and inspected the Norman
keep of the castle in this town, the remains of the Black-
friars' monastery, and of the town wall and towers, and
several of fly! ancient churches.
The proceedings of the day concluded with a conversa-
zione in the evening at the institution of the Literary
and Philosophical Society.
Tho historical section met this morning (Wednes-
day), at ten o'clock, in the theatre of the Literary and
Philosophical Society, first ander the presidency of the
Rev. Mr. Rayne, and afterwards of the Earl of Carlisle,
who arrived fraud Naworth Castle about eleven o'clock.
There was a considerable attendance of members, in-
cluding several ladies. Among the company were Lord
Talbot de Malahide, the president; the mayor (Mr. J.
Hodgson.), and the town-clerk (Mr. J. Clayton), of this
town; Mr. J. H. Hinde, Mr. Headlam, M.P., Dr.
Headlam, &c.
Mr. J. 13. HINDE, who formerly represented this town
in Parliament, read an interesting paper descriptive of
the ancient trade of Newcastle, and of the condition of
the place and the adjacent borough of Gateshead in
Saxon times. He ascribed the origin of this great com-
mercial community to the union of two towns or villes
which were diainct from each other previous to the
time of Edward I. The one was called Pandora or Pan-
dean, situated a little to the east cf the town, in a small
valley which still retained its ancient name, and the
other was denominated Monkchester, a name which
afforded conclusive evidence that the place was built on
a Roman foundation anterior to the Norman Conquest.
He related some interesting circumstances respecting
Pandon, describing it as a spot where there were yet
the remains of a hall which had been built in the
time of the Ileptarchy, and in which, after the de-
parture of the Romans, the ancient kings of Northam-
krland kept their residences protected as it was by
the bulwark furnished by the Picts' wall. Near to it:,
also, was a place named the IA all Knoll, which,
suggested, might possibly be a part of the site
311 o
Saxon village called Ad Muram, c."l;at-d
wait the
many interesting events in
the irenss which he
kings of Northumberland. For many
r antiquity of
udducai, he contended for the
"Perojf° municipality
•
Pandon as compared with the originc 0
muracipsaty of
hut both were eventually merged
lavinder of the paper
Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The
rerthe state of the trade
was directed to a consideratiounriong
the first six reigns
and commerce of the town cl e particularly the coal
following the Normantongiethe lead mines of North-
trade, including a revicv,
subjects of considerable
timberland and Cumber]an o
d
local interest. e to the export of
Suggestingreferent that
from been Northumberland indigenous to that county,
that animal had once
resting conversation on the subject,
gave rise to ag
Lord Mr.
de Malahide and other gentle-
in which ti Mr. Hinde stating that in the loges bar-
men tooksaortian
d beaver-skin was specially mentioned
g°rem of'cice of export, showing that it was of indige-
" " 61;t1 ction.
noes ex`ra TAYLOR followed with an elaborate paper
T- J.
the arch eology of the coal trade, principally during
he fourteen
on tb century, which he occasionally illustrated
bt y a reference to diagrams.
An interesting contribution was also read by Mr. T.
SOPWITEL, on the ancient lead workings in England.

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