The Sun.
London, England, 1863-12-01 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 1, 1863,

about " knighting" the nigger by conferring on
him the honourable distinction of "
"'this," say the Abolitionists, " Was not the pur-
pose for which we enlisted coloured men. We did
it to enlarge the at my, to increase the number
of our soldiers, to present a more formidable
front to the enemy, to spare somewhat of the
bloodshed to which the white race is exposed,
and to elevate the character of the black race by
admitting them to important duties and responsibi-
lities." This is exactly what Gen. Gilmore does not
understand; neither does Mr. Seymour, Governor
of New York, who is also roughly handled by the
same Radicals for " driving volunteers to other
States"—Ze., putting forth difficulties in the way of
negro enlistment for New York Regiments. The
" American citizens of African descent" quit the in-
hospitable Empire state, and hasten to offer their
services to the recruiting officers in Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and especially Con-
necticut, where coloured people are placed on the
same footing as regards pay and emoluments as their
white comrades, and where a reward of 10 dole. is
offered for every coloured recruit. It goes against
the grain of Mr. Seymour and with many of his
countrymen to have to admit the blacks on terms of
equality with the white. Yet the Americans, since
they will have war, must either fight themselves or
have people to fight for them ; and if the South
ultimately succumbs and victory crown the efforts
of the Federal arms, there is little doubt the Union
must for many years keep up a large army, and
that army must be recruited among the negroes,
just as surely as the Venetian land forces were made
up of the despised Slavonian subjects. The merchant
princes don't like soldiering.

THE POLISH INSURRECTION,

WARSAW, Nov. 11.

I spoke in a recent letter of the feverish anxiety
with which the speech of the Emperor Napoleon
was looked forward to in Warsaw. The day before
the opening of the French Chambers numbers of
persons went to church and prayed that God would
enlighten the the Emperor and turn his heart to-
wards Poland. On the evening of the sth the most
curiously contradictory rumours were in circulation
as to what his Majesty had said, and when the
German papers arrived with the text of the speech
equally opposite interpretations were given to it.
On the whole, however, the speech is much admired
and is considered encouraging. M.,pe,—" the miser-
able have no other medici:,e,
but only hope,"—still
remains to the Pol:,s they cling now to the straw
held out to .inem in the shape of a projected Con-
gress, "which if it were to take place could scarcely
tail to bring on war. No regular war could injure
the Poles so much as the war against national and
family ties, as well as against life and property, of
which their unhappy country is now the scene.
Even if the Polish nation were to perish in the con-
flict, it would at least perish arms in hand ; but the
fact is it is difficult to think of any combination for
war purposes by which it would not almost cer-
tainly profit.

No Pole imagines that the Polish question can
be settled, as he would like to see it settled, by
peaceful means, and the universal desire in Poland
is, of course, that France should end by going to
war with Russia. This does not prevent some of
the Poles from reflecting that France is not likely
to take such a step without an ally, nor from re-
memoering that it is not very long since Russia
lied France were on remarkably good terms. More
than that, when the Austrian Diet of Princes was
convened, Poles supposed to have close relations
with the French Government were of opinion that,
the friendly understanding might be renewed, and
that if Russia could be tempted to make important
concessions to the Kingdom by the promise of
French assistance for projects of her own, Austria
could be forced to give Cracow, and Prussia might
even be induced to part with a small portion of the
Duchy of Posen—keeping, of course, for herself the
city with its strong fortress. In forming this pro.
ject of a restored Grand Duchy of Warsaw, in nar-
rower limits and under a Russian Prince, its
authors counted not only without Russia, but also
without the Polish nation, which at that time was
convinced that the insurrection would lead inevi-
tably to a general war, or at least that the three
Powers who had engaged in a hopeless diplomatic
intervention would finally be compelled to assume a
hostile and menacing attitude towards Russia, even
if all did not go to the length of taking up arms.
Of such a result the Poles must have ceased to
think, and it is at least more possible now than it
was two months ago that it' France can gain nothing
for them by the sword, they would as a last chance
accept what France might be able to procure for
them by good offices, and by coming to terms with
their great oppressor on other questions.
The Poles, it must be remembered, take it for
granted that the Emperor Napoleon, for the sake of
his own position in France, must do something for
them, and, therefore, it is argued that if he finds
himself left to act entirely alone on their behalf
he will have no course open to him but to offer
the hand of friendship once more to Russia, and
make the best possible friendly bargain for them,
even at the expense of Austria. In thinking of
such a solution as this the Poles, no doubt, reflect
that if Austria has not helped the Russians to
suppress the present insurrection quite so openly
as the Prussians, she has at least aided them to a
very considerable extent, and of late to a greater
extent than ever. Thus every endeavour is made to
prevent the Galician bands from reaching the fron-
tier. They are fired upon as they go across, and
their passage mad© known to the Russian troops on
the other side ; their numbers and position are tele-
graphed from Lemberg to the Russian authorities
at Warsaw, and when they are driven back and seek
refuge on Austrian territory, they are disarmed and
imprisoned.

A most magnificent offer, however, would have
to be made to Russia before she could be persuaded
to allow a self-governing Kingdom of Poland to
come into existence as large or larger than the one
which has already caused her so much trouble, and
proved to her such a fertile source of disgrace. Nor
do the Poles, however intolerable their actual posi-
tion may be, ask at present for concessions from
Russia. The object of their desire is not good go-
vernment under the Russian Crown, but separation
from the Russians, whom they hale just now (and
with reason) more than they ever hated them
before. Moreover they feel themselves bound in
honour to accept no terms from Russia, unless the
Lithuanians, who have suffered more even than
tae inhabitants of Poland proper during the
insurrection, are included in the compct. Even
if the most valuable any improbable liberties were
offered to the
T they could not declare themselves
sati'3fir"'a. with them, while the Lithuanians are not
allowed to make use of the Polish language, and are
imprisoned for establishing Polish schools. Yet it
has been surmised that the somewhat vague in-
quiry in the Emperor's speech, " Is it not urgent
to recognise by new conventions what is irre-
vocably accomplished ?" may refer to the Lithu-
anian and Ruthenian provinces, which have been
governed for the last 30 years on the same syatem
as the rest of the Russian Empire, though by the
Treaty of Vienna " national and representative
institutions" are distinctly promised to them as to
all other portions of " the Poland of 1772." But
the fact is, Russia must care very little in the pre-
sent day whether her right to abolish the language
of all the educated classes in these provinces be
questioned or not. She can get on very well with-
out treaties as far as Poland is concerned, and better
without them than with them. Even Russia her-
self seems inclined to admit that she has not ob-
served the treaties of 1815 with any great fidelity,
for in the edition of the Imperial speech, prepared
for the use of paternally-governed Poland, and pub-
lished in the Offi.lial Journal of Warsaw, I find the
words "does nut respect them" given as an admis-
sible equivalent for " les fouls au pied."
There is, moreover, this great difficulty in the way
of an arrangement by which Russia should make
concessions
to Poland in conformity with a friendly
ale—that any
re
on the subjvct from the Emperor
Npoon
c i :rue: esnt talt sn Would concessions made under such
help to maintain the Poles in
their attitude of trus' towards France and of die-
trust towards Russia. The R •
ussian Government
must wih, above all things, to di •
minish, and, if pos-

Bible, put an end to, the political influence of France
and of the Polish emigration in Paris upon her
Polish subjects; and unless the French are tho-
roughly determined, sooner or later, to attempt the
re-establishment of a Polish kingdom, sufficiently
large to be able to exist by itself, it is to
be hoped, for the sake of the Poles, that this in-
fluence will as soon as possible cease to be felt.
As long as the Poles look to the Hotel Lambert, and,
through the Hotel Lambert, to the Tuileries, for
relief, they will not and cannot get it from St.
Petersburg. Promises have been made them on
both sides and not fulfilled, and, on the whole, they
have been as badly treated by their friends as by
their enemies. However, nothing in the history of
recent Polish events is more certain than that, when
the Grand Duke Constantine arrived in Warsaw,
he brought good and not evil to the inhabitants of
the kingdom. They, of course, possessed the right
of choosing whether to accept or reject what he had
to offer ; but, as it was, many of the principal men
in Warsaw gave their support to the Grand Duke
at first, and then, as soon as they were assured that
there was a good chance of a foreign intervention,
left him. The resignation of all the principal inde-
pendent members of the Council of State was ap-
plauded by their fellow-countrymen in general as
a protest against Russian rule in Poland, but to the
Grand Duke it must have had another aspect; and,
whether the step was praiseworthy or not, it, at
least, illustrated the immense difficulty of governing
a nation which looks abroad for its guides, and the
unhappy position of a nation which is so guided
from abroad as to be conducted—now, as in 1831—
to a worse position than that from which it had
hoped foreigners might rescue it.
It seems to me, then, impossible that Russia will
make any concessions to Poland on the representa-
tions, however friendly, of France; aud this not-
withstanding the advantages she would derive from a
renewal of the French alliance. She may take some
merely formal concessions during the time that must
elapse between the virtual suppression of the insur-
rection—apparently on the point of being extin-
guished—and the arrangement even of the prelimi-
naries of a Congress; but if they are to be made at all
we shall doubtless hear of them at once, so that all
suspicion may be averted of their having been caused
by other motives than a sincere, unbiassed desire
on the part of the Russian Government to conciliate
Poland. With regard however to the general signifi-
cation given to the Emperor Napoleon's speech by
the Poles, they, for the most part, conclude from it
either that a Congress will take place and will lead
to a settlement of their position by the sword, or
that it will be found impossible to bring the Euro-
pean Powers together, and that in that case the
Franco-Russian alliance will be renewed with im-
portant concessions to Poland as one of its condi-
tions. It is, of course, in the hope of the former
result that the insurrection is now being continued.
—Times.

direct you all is the wish of your ever loving and affection-
ate daughter, ELI Z ABETH WATERER.
Another letter produced was from Mahaig to the
coroner, written last Friday at the union workhouse :

I do not know what to write about what you may ask for.
Shall I put this day the 26th of the month? Where am I
going to after that ? I may let you know that we both par-
took of the poison at the same time, but the poison that I
took that she gave me she got at another shop. It had a
blue cover. Half an hour afterwards she was dead. I think
it was on the night of the 3d. We both said, as she would
not leave me, we would die together. She died in my arms.
On the Tuesday evening she had a rope cord on her neck
when I came upstairs. At night we both took the poison
in some gin at;5.30. We both sent, at least left, a letter to
both our mothers on the table. I don't wish any one to see
this. Dear friends, Ido not care. I wish to God I had
gone with her. JOSEPH MAHAIG.
This being all the evidence, Mahaig made the fol-
lowing statement in writing:—
Sir,—On the evening of the 3d the young girl spoken of
seemed to be in trouble. About the hour of 530 I went
downstairs for some ale, and when I came up I found a cord
rope wrapped found her neck. I took it off, and before going
to bed we both partook of some poison. She afterwards died
in my arms. That's all.

JOSEPH MAIIAIG.

. The Coroner then charged the jury, whu retired.
They returned into court in an hour and a quarter,
and recorded the following verdict :
We find that the deceased, Elizabeth Waterer, destroyed
her own life on or about the 4th of November inst., and
that she was in a sound state of mind at the time. We fur-
ther find that Joseph Mahaig is guilty of aiding and abet-
ting in the same. _ _

The witnesses were then bound over to appear at
the next Surrey assizes in the prosecution of Ma-
haig on the charge of wilful murder.
At the rising of the court the street was quite
impassable from the crowds anxious to see Mahaig
removed to the cells of the police station.

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE,

THE NEW RAILWAY PROJECTS.

The following is an official list of all the plans and sec-
tions for new railways deposited in conformity with the
standing orders of the Houses of Lords and Commons with
the Board of Trade up to eight o'clock last night, yesterday
being the last day for receiving them :
Alford and Mablethorpe, Avon Valley, Antrim and Down
Counties Junction, Aylesbury and Buckingham, Ashford,
and Faversham Junction, Aberystwith and Welsh Coast,
Atmand ale and Sol way J anc tion—Alton, Alrewsa, and Win-
chester Extension—Aldborough Pier and Railways, Angle-
sey Central.

Belfast Central, Bristol Port and Channel Docks, Bour-
ton-on-the-Water Extension, Blyth and Tyne (new works)
Bromley, Blyth and Tyne (additional powers)—Belfast,
Ballymoney, and Ballycastle—Banbridge Railway, Tram-
way, and Pier—Belfast and Northern Counties—Becken-
ham, Lewes, and Brighton—Bristol and South Wales
Union (additional lands)—Buckfastleigh, Totnes, and South
Devon—Brecon and Merthyr-Tydfil Junction—Bristol Port
Extension, Brecon and Merthyr Junction (No. 1), ditto
(No. 3)—Bodmin, Wadebridge, and Cornwall Junction—
Blackpool and Fleetwood, Blockley and Banbury—Brid-
port Harbour, Railway, and Pier—Bangor and Llanberis
Direct, Bristol and North Somerset (Bath Extension),
Brighton Tramway, Bristol Central Station and Railways,
Bristol and North Somerset Extension—Blackfriars Em-
bankment, Roadway, and Railways.
Charing-cross (Western); Chichester and Midhurst,Corres
—Crief, Methvin Junction and Branch—Chipping Norton
and Banbury, Carrickfergus Tramway, Chichester and Mid-
hurst, Clifton, Carmarthen and Cardigan Branch, City of
Glasgow Union, Ditto and Hutborn Tramways, Caledonian
(Glasgow Harbour), Ditto (Bredisholme and Tennochside),
Cuckfield, Chichester, and Midhurst —Crystal Palace (new
lines)—Obeadle, Didsbury, and Manchester—Carnarvon
and Llanberis,Cannock Chase and Woverhampton,Charing
Cross (additional lines), Central Wales and Sraffordsnire
Junction,Chard Railw6y and Lyme Regis Harbour Railway,
Crystal Palace and SouthLondonJuncti Jn,earmarthenshl re,
Charing Cross (Northern), Carnarvon and Llanberis, Cowes
and Newport.

Dublin, Rathmines, Radgar, Roundstown,Rathfarnham,
and Rathcoole—Devon (North) and Somerset—Dublin,
Rathmines, and Rathfarnham—Dublin and Baltinglass
Junction, Dumfriesshire and Cumberland (Solway) Junc-
tion—Dover, Deal, and Sandwich—Denburn Valley,Dublin
Trunk Connecting—Dudley, Oldbury, and Birmingham—
Dasentry, Dublin Metropolitan,Drayton Junction—Dublin,
Wicklow, and Wexford—Dublin Grand Junction, Dublin.
ExeValley,East Glocestershire—Edgware,Higbgate, and
London (branch to the Alexandra-park)—Exmouth Docks,
East and West Junction, East London (Thames Tunnel),
Edinburgh and Glasgow, East Norfolk Railways, Erith
Tramways—Ely, Haddenham, and Sutton.
Farnham, Aldershot, and Woking—Flintshire—Finch-
ley, Willesden, and Acton.
Great Eastern (St Ives to Ramsay), Great Western (fur-
ther powers), Glocestershire and Wiltshire, Great Northern
Nos. 1,2, and 3, Guildford and Leatherhead, Glasgow and
North British,Glasgow and Paisley, Groat Eastern (North-
ern Junction), Great Northern and Victoria Station, Gar-
stang and Knot-end, Glendevon and Crieff, Great Eastern
(Highbeach Branch) Ditto Junction—Glocester, Chelten-
ham, and Oxford—Glocester and Ledbury, Great Southern
and Western and Midland Great Western Junction of Ire-
land, Great Eastern (Metropolitan Station and Railways).
Hadleigh and Lavenham,Helston and Penrhyn Junction,
Hammersmith and City Extension—Holywell, Hayling,
Halifax and Ovendon Junction, Hammersmith and Wim-
bledon, Hoylake—Hereford, Hay, and Brecon—Henley in
Arden—Hounslow, West Drayton, Breconfield, and High
Wycombe—Halifax, Huddersfield, and Keighley—Ham-
mersmith, Mid!and North-Western, and Charing-cross
Junction.

Ilfracombe.

Kent Coast, Kilkenny Junction—Kew, Turnhout.
green, and Hammersmith—Kingsbridge, Knutaford, and
Warrington—Kington and Eardisley—Kingston, Toot-
ing, and London.
Liverpool and Central Station—Launceston, Bodmin, and
Wadebridge—London, Brighton, and South Coast (addi-
tional powers)—Londonderry and Lough Swilly (eaten-
sion)—Lancaahire and Yorkshire, ditto (additional powers)
Lancashire Union, London Low Level—Leeds, Bradford,
and Halifax (new works)—London, Brighton, and South-
Coast (Kemp-town station and lines)--ditto, Tonbridge
(western and south-eastern lines)—ditto (new lines to Bat-
tersea)—London and North-Western (additional powers)
mington Harbour and Docks—London and South-
Western (Kensington, Hammersmith, and Richmond)—
ditto (North Devon extensions), ditto (Chertsey extension),
ditto (additional works)—Llanidloes and Newtown (land),
London and Blackwall (extension), ditto (Great Northern
and Midland Junction), Llyuvi Valley ani Ogmore, Lon-
don, Brighton, and Southcoast (Ouse Valley line)—Lime-
rick, Foynes, Tralee, and Killarney Junction—Llanelly
(No. 2)—London, Chatham, and Dover (No. 2) —Llandilo
and Telffy, London Main Trunk (underground connecting
branches), London Union.
Manchester and Milford (deviations and new lines),
Metropolitan (extension to Trinity-square, Tower-hill),
Metropolitan (additional powers), Metropolitan and St.
John's-wood, Midland (Chesterfield to Sheffield), Marple,
Newmilld, And Hayfield—Monklands, Mid Wales, Mistley,
Thorpe, and Walton—Metropolitan (Notting -hill and
Brompton Extension), Midland (new lines and additional
powers), Macclesfield, Boddington, and Marple—Midland
(branches to Bath and Thornbury), Macclesfield and Knuts-
ford, Midland (St. Pancras Extension), Macclesfield and
Cheshire Midland Junction, Mayfield, Market Harborough
and East Norton, Market Harborough and Melton Mow-
bray, Maidstone and Ashford, Metropolitan and Grand
Union, Metropolitan District.
North Kerry and Limerick Junction, Newark and Mans-
field, Newquay and Cornwall Junction, North Durham,
North Staffordshire (Silverdale, Madeley, and Drayton),
North-Eastern (Leeds Extension), ditto (York and Don-
caster), ditto (Leeds New Central Station), ditto (additional
powers), North Erltish (Carlisle Citadel Station), ditto
(Abbey Holme and Leegete, ditto (Perth Branch), North
and South Junction, North London (Tottenham branch),
ditto (additional powers), North Staffordshire (new works),
N-b wry and Armagh (Extensio, Neath and Brecon (new
lines, Neath to Swansea), ditto Exte;2sion to Central Wales,
North and Soh Staffordshire Junction'', North and South
London (High levei junction), North and ,youth-Western
Junction, North and South London Junction.
Okehampton, Deviation, Gsviestry, Ellesmere, and Whit-
church—Oxford-street and City.
Paddington and Charing-cross, Parsonstown and For-
tumna, Portsmouth and Portsea Extensions, Pembroke and
Tenby, Purbeck, Prestatyn and Cwm, Peterborough, Wis-
bech, and Sutton ; Pulborungh, Storrington, and Steyning;
Portpatrick, Petersham, Peterefleld, and Bishop's Waltham;
Poole, Bournemouth, and Wimbome.
Redruth and Falmouth Junction, Reigate and London.
(West-end Junction), Royston and Hitchin, Ribbesdale,
Ryde Station, Rhymney (Cardiff and (Caerphilly), ditto
(Junction with Merthyr Tredegar, &c.), Ramsgate, Rots,
Forest of Deane, and Monmouth, Rickmansworth, Amer-
sham and Chesham (level crossings).
Stamford and Essendine (Sibson Extension), Salisbury
and Yeovil (additional lands), Stonehouse and Nailsworth
Extension, Surrey and Susses Junction, Swansea and Oys-
termouth, South Wales Mineral, Scottish North-Eastern,
Scottish North-Eastern and Scottish Central, Scarborough,
Whitby, and Stathes ; Shrewsbury and Potteries Junction,
South Cheshire, Southampton and Netley, Scottish Central
(Dundee and Newtyle), ditto (extension of station),
Shrewsbury Bridges, South Wales, Tenby, and Milford
Haven Railways; Swansea Vale and Neath and Brecon
futtttion .4 Staines, Egham, and Working ; Sunningdale
and Yorkshire (with extention to Aldershott) ; Sheffield
Chesterfield, and Staffordshire ; South Eastern (No. 1),
ditto (No. 2) ditto (No. 3), Stafford and Uttoxeter,
Sunningdale, and ambridgetown, Somerset and Dorset
Railway (Cheddar Valley and Yatton), ditto (extension to
Shepton Mallet)—South Yorkshire (branches, &c.)
Torbay and Brixham, Tooting, Merton and Wimbledon,
Tendring Hundred, Thames Viaduct Railway,
en Thua, Kitt-
:and
otten-
Tewkesbury and Malvern (additional lands), Toittn)
Hampstead Junction (Alexandra park EueYstensToamaTr
ham and Hampstead unction, TeignY
kill, and Cailington—Tottenhatu and Farringdon-street,
Buckfast, eigh, Ashburton, and
Thames Tunnel—Totneas,
Newtown.
Vale of Crickhowell. Victoria Station, and Thames Em-
bankment, Ventnor Tramway.
Worcester, Dean Forest, end Monmouth (Gloooter Ex-

tension)—West 'Yorkshire—Worcester, Leominster, and
Bromyard—Weston Super Mare, Ambridge, Cheddar, and
Wells—West Super Junction, Waterford and Wexford,
Wills and Gloster, West Riding and Grimsby, Wellington
and Drayton, West Norfolk Junction, Watford and Edge-
ware Junction, West Shropshire Mineral (new lines), ditto,
alterations, Wallingford and Watlington, Woodgreen and
Enfield, Wrexham, Mold, and Connah's Quay—Waltham-
stow, Clapham, and City— Weald of Kent, Wolverhampton
and Bridgemark, Wimbledon and Brixton, West Drayton,
Staines and Woking—Whitland, Tenby, and Milford Haven
—Wensum Valley—the total number of projects being 300.