The Sun.
London, England, 1864-09-12 00:00:00

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I am, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
ALFRED LO WE, Secretary (pro tern.)

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

THE "EXAMINER" ON THE SUPPOSED HOARD
ING OF THE PRECIOUS METALS IN INDIA.—We are
thoroughly satisfied that the imagined hoarding,
burying, and waste in trinkets of the people of India,
although a theory as old as the Romans, is no better
than hereditary figment. India is not a sink of the
precious metals any more than it is a sink of copper,
tin, or zinc. It produces itself neither gold nor
silver any more than it does these vulgar metals.
As their presence is indispensable India must have
them, and it gets them from the quarter that can
supply them at the cheapest price, This, for the
present, happens to be England, although other
European nations, and even now and then the
Chinese, contribute a minor share. Indeed, India,
in regard to the precious metals, is very much in
the condition of England herself, for we have no
gold of our own production, and very little silver.
We import nearly all that we use, and yet we are
not a sink of the precious metals, although we ven-
ture to assert that the waste of them with us is pro-
portionally far greater thanin India. The Hindus
are eminently a frugal, even a parsimonious people,
and none know better than they the two sides of a
coin. This characteristic of the race extends even
to the humblest orders. The value of money among
them is high ; they are bankers and money-changers
in every village, and they count by scores in
towns and cities ; bills of exchange, also, are of
immemorial use among them. In such a state of
society there is no temptation to hoarding, and we
are quite satisfied that very little exists. The only
kind of hoarding of the precious metals that we
can call to mind is that which has been occasionally
practised by some frugal native princes- The King
of Oude, for example, had onceta hoard of some
millions, and the notorious Kirwi booty, said to
amount to £700,000, was once the hoard of a
Mahratta prince. But such hoardings were but
partial exceptions. Still less temptation must
there be to bury treasure; an expedient, indeed,
never bad recourse to by any people except during
foreign invasions and long civil wars, and from
both the larger part of India has been free for from
oneshalf to a whole century. Much has been made,
and in our opinion very erroneously made, of
llindoo ornaments and trinkets, to account for the
imagined disappearance of the millions of the pre-
cious metals yearly brought to India. This refers
ehit fly to silver, for in such articles gold is bu'
rarely employed even by the very few wealthy.
The trinkets consist of bracelets, armlets, necklaces
and earrings, and with few exceptions their use is
confined to women and children. The Hindus use
neither silver forks nor silver spoons, and they
waste no silver in plating, for the art is unknown
to them. A man or woman of means may some.
times have a silver betel or tobacco-box, and the
woman now and then a silver skewer for her hair,
but that is all. The Hindus wear no watches,
unlike the Chinese who do wear them, and
always two at a time. A well-to-do English
farmer or prosperous artisan will be possessed of
more articles of luxury in gold and silver than
a whole Hindu village of 1,000 inhabitants, but
we do not on that account charge him with wasting
the precious metals and diverting them from their
more important office. Neither ought we to charge
the Hindu peasant with wasting them because he
decorates his wife and children with armlets, brace-
lets, and anklets. The chief use to which the .
pre-
cious metals, but more especially .s pu t in
India is as money, as indeed it is in every civilised
country. India from its importation
h
as
to supply
not only itself, but also the countries in its imme-
diate neighbourhood, for these have no other
chan-
nel by which they can receive them, and like it,
they produce none themselves. Probably not less
than two hundred and fifty millions of people, or
one.fifth of the computed population of the globe,
has thus to be supplied. From the very nature of
things this population must always be supplied
with foreign gold and silver. Of late years, but
especially since the discovery of the gold of Cali
fornia and Australia, the importation of the precious
metals has greatly increased, arising wholly from
the increased prosperity of India. The reader may
judge of this increase by the value of our own im-
ports from that country at two not very remote
periods. In 1854 the value of our imports was but
£13,000,000, and in 1862 they had risen to
£39,000,000, or in eight short years had been mul-
tiplied threefold. In the last-named year the value
of our exports to India was but £17,000,000, and
to India.
ied or es-
even adding 50 per cent. to this sum, so as to ap-
proximate it to the Indian value, the
.whole will
indAuNsptrys
only amount to £25,500,000, making a difference in
exceptions, it
the value of the imports and exports of. £13,500,000
to be balanced by a payment in specie which ace
Thereoounts t
hf oer
moneyth e millionsB
not
hoardedexport.lor yearlybu buried
finds employment in new branches of
TPhite7e nlblljßect of Lord
pended in trinkets, but, with trifling
the extension of old ones.
on: E
eS
or
RE
NC SPECTATOR'' AZOLRL,' ON THE 1
is .
Palmerston's speech, Sir G. . C. Lewis, was in singu-
lar contrast to his eulogist: A man
. of less official
experience than any of his mote. distinguished eel•
leagues, he made far more effective use of the exp.
rience of others than ever. great politicians usually
make of their own. His was Perhaps one of the
very few minds in which the hacknied phrase that
Carlyle so loves to ridicule, that
t " history is philo-
sophy teaching by experience, became something
like a truth ; or rather, perhaps, to hint philosophy
meant the lucidly digested lessons of history. The
whole basis of Sir George Lewis's strength, how-
ever, was intellectual, as the whole basis of Lord
Palmerston's strength (except so far as intellect is
involved in a clear head for business) is non-intel-
lectual, the ease of his manner, the pliancy of his
convictions, the strength of his ambition. Sir
George Lewis bad Probably little or no
ambitious impulse to drive him upwards. He had
a sort of intellectual contempt for half the questions
discussed by politicians and the fuss they created ;
and so quiet and assured a conviction upon the
other half, that it scarcely seemed worth while to
answer the fallacies that were put out against him.
He had studied early, too, under one of the greatest
of jurists, Mr Austin, and a very able writer who
knew him in some ways better than any other of
his contemporaries has told us that Sir Georg,.
Lewis's politics were throughout penetrated by Mr
Austin's teaching forming a code of principles at
the very basis of his intellect. Nothing could create
a greater contrast between the two politicians than
thia difference. Lord 1'4;113(143t0n catches at his
" principles" hastily when he wants them; and in-
tuitively avoidsexpremngany,ln mattersof political
moment, as far as it is possible to do so. What pets
tinacity he has, and it is not small, is the pertinacity
of strong predilection, not of strong conviction—of
will and preference tempered b y sagacity in judging
the public, not of belief. Sir G. Lewis's princi-
plea were never of the doctrinaire and cast-iron
kind, for they were deduced strictly from ex perience
by a cautious and sceptical intellect that cared nos
thing at all what result he arrived at so long as it
was the true one—but when he had reached a con-
clusion, though be never hesitated to yield practi-
cally on a point that he did not think of importance,
he was probably incapable of being even affected
intellectually by the dissent of the world. There

was a curious contrast of the same kind between
the humour, if we may so call it, of the two men.
Lord Palmerston's is all social vivacity resting on
good spirits, self-possession, and the temperament
which conversation or debate excites. He is always
best after dinner, or in a cross-fire of warm discus,.
sion. Sir George Lewis was probably in some re-
spects the most apathetic man in the House of Come
mons, and was never by any chance warmed by
debate. But the cold lucid vigour of his intellect,
and the power it gave him in detecting political
trifles and recognising .the nonsense that often ac-
quired a fictitious importance in popular discussion,
often lent to his remarks an irony that had a very
unique flavour of its own. When as Home Secre-
tary he used sometimes to explain to the House the
utter futility of the arguments that had been used on
the side he was compelled by his position to support,
and by his scepticism to despise, and then to sit
down, saying with a half smile, " for these reasons
I shall give my vote in favour of the bill," there:was
a sort of grotesque hatred of plausibility, a deter-
mination to show clearly what he believed to be
the reason of the subject as a compensation for vot-
ing against what he thought the reasonable policy
of doing nothing, which was the keenest of satires.
Lord Palmerston is always plausible even when he
goes ag'ainst the grain. Sir G. Lewis always said
what he thought, the exact truth in the plainest
way, even if he also said-he was going to vote for
error. Thinking as he did purely from history and
experience, his creed was always a little cynical-
Conservative, —" Don't change, it's bad enough as
it is, but all changes almost are for the worse ;''—
thinking as Lord Palmerston does on the social
impulse of the aristocratic 'society in which he
moves—and society believing too complaisantly in
itself ever to be cynical at bottom except in very,
rare emergencies—his creed is always a little rose-
water-Conservative—" Don't change, better let him
alone." Of course the living statesman has the in-
fluence given by expressing the feeling of the day
pleasantly—the dead that given by strengthening
it, not altogether pleasantly. Indeed no two
statesmen were ever more unlike except in their
kindly natures; and even there they were different.
Lord Palmerston has the geniality of aristocratic
society, which is not always equally genial to men
of all origins. He now and then breaks out against
manufacturing opponents like Mr Cobden with
something of scorn ; he can strike sharply in return
for the blow given him by another, as well as
smile if it suits him better. Sir G. Lewis scarcely
knew the difference between rank and rank in his
treatment of men. While he had a certain scorn
for popular fallacies, and perhaps in u mild way for
the men who bruited them about ; there was in him
an immoveable benevolence of feeling steadier than
any emotion, and an unaffected recognition of the
equality of the same intellect in all ranks, which,
had he ever made a government of his own, would
have silenced all complaints against the old Whig
exclusiveness. In short we doubt if Lord Palmer.
ston ever fully knew how completely Sir G. Lewis
supplemented all his deficiencies, or whether he used
to the full the strength of counsel he had in him.
Both of them substantially Liberal Conserve-
tiv es,Sir G. Lewis was yet absolutely devoid of the
conservatism of prejudice which is Lord Palmer-
ston's. Yet with a far superior intellect to the
Premier's, and far greater knowledge, he was so far
inferior in vis and in mobility of mind that he need
never have endangered his chief's supremacy. The
one would have supplied the moving power of am-
bition, and the social ease, the other the passionless
judgment and clear knowledge,—and probably the
only thing remaining deficient in the combination
would have been political imagination.

"THE LONDON REVIEW" ON ABOLITION OF TIIENFILE
TOLLS.—One of the conditions of a sound fiscal impost is
that all that is taken from the taxlpayer shall find its way
into the Treasury, with the smallest possible deduction for
cost of collection. Judged by this test, the system of turn-
pike tolls is inconceivably wasteful and barbarous. There
are more than 1,100 turnpike trusts in England and Wales.
Each turnpike gate costs about £25 per annum, and there
are more than four gates, on an average, to each trust.
Thus we have an expenditure of one hundred and ten thou-
sand pounds upon the mechanical operation of collecting the
tolls. To this outlay must be added all the cost of manage-
ment and the necessary expenses for keeping up the road.
Each trust has its staff of paid officers—its clerk, surveyor,
and sometimes its paid treasurer. In the Leominst.l trusts
it takes one-half of the revenue to pay the expenses and
establishment charges, while the repairi, after all, are put
upon the parishes. In some other trusts the expenses
range from 25 to 40 per cent. of the whole revenue. To
the permanent cost of collection and management must lie
added the periodical expense of renewing the Acts of Par-

been liament. The eleven hundred truahl
re-
newed (say) four times within the last century, at a cost of
above £2,000,000 sterling. No wonder that the trusts of
gates.ll
rveteh,tllhae,
ted rtf
England and Wales, under this thriftless system of adminis-
tration, have accumulated a heavy load of debt. The Londed
debt, which is nominally put at £4,000,000, is, indeed, one
that It
oNL London
ns
atthefhoo
nor
considerable
noei
wers
hydooerarobstaclesukansb bac national
it
ohwbnet
weight
artlgooerhao
et
road
to
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haatelnbhsvoye
may, no doubt, be said in favour of the turnpike system,
use
rom
of the road. The House of Commons' committee of 1836 at-
tached
turn-
pike tolls caught the through traffic. The turnpike road
but reasonable that the burden of repairing the road should
not fall exclitaively upon the intermediate parishes. But
the railways now convey all the long traffic. From one part
of the country to the other you scarcely meet a single com-
mercial traveller, a single stage coach, or a stage waggon,
upon the turnpike roads. The heavy goods, as well as
passengers, go by railway. The traffic being thus local
traffic, the toll payers, and those who, as ratepayers, would
pay for the roads if tolls were abolished, are now the same
class of persons. The time has thus demonstrably come
for reconsidering the question of toll gates, and for adopt-
ing a system of road administration in harmony with the
wants and circumstances of the time. The farmers and other
ratepayers of the district really pay the tolls at present, but
with this difference, that an enormous per-tentage is frit-
tered away by the cost of gatekeepers, the peculations of
collectors, the salaries of paid officers, and the multiplicity
of. trusts. The vexatious and inconvenient impe
d.iments. to traffic interposed by toll gates, espe-
cially in the neighbourhood of large towns, need
scarcely be insisted upon. In every part of the
sicenettixduisrotepenrha:eolotsiptsfpel:aeaat eynort a c
country the feeling is growing that turnpike gates are a
nuisance which the public would be glad to pay something
to be rid of. In some cases a man can go to a neighbour-
ing town and back by railway cheaper than he can drive
there, on account of the tolls. We hear one case in which
a Sussex coachman brings his master a bill for tolls for a
fortnight of 24s for a pair of horses, and this not for a great
deal of travelling, but "merely a little country visiting."
Between Etchingham and Hastings. a distance of 17 miles,
this coachman pays 6s in toys; and if he goes in the oppo-
site direction to Tunbridge, it costs 4s or ss. Things are
just as bad in the North. The city of Durham suffers
severely from the plague of toll gates. It is afflicted with
six gates at the six entrances of the town, besides trse
check gates. If you want to reach Durham from any point
a mile distant you have two gates to pay. The tolls are so
onerous that they suspend or prevent the running omni-
nibus to the railway termini. At one of the bars near Dur-
ham they make people pay, not once in 24 hours, but 24
times in 24 hours, if they pass so often. A brickmaker
states that in one day he paid 10d ten times over for pass-
ing and repassing a gate about 5 miles from Durham. The
farmers won't drive into the city on market-days, but leave
their horses and carts at a neighbouring village, in conse-
quence of of (the oppressive nature of the tolls. In the
West of England there is the same impediment to
traffic and locomotion. A Ledbury man who goes to King-
ston, 21 miles distant, has to go through eight gates—three
on the Ledbury trust and five on the Hereford trust. He
changes horses at Hereford, and he has to pay five gates.
If he visits Newent, eight miles from Ledbury, he encoun-
ters four gates, and pays at three of them. If he goes to
Worcester he meets six gates in 16 miles, and pays at four.
If he goes to Bromyard he finds five gates in 13 miles, and
pays at all, yet the roads are bad. The Ledbury trust com-
prises 62 miles of road. The trustees have a clerk at £3O a
year and a surveyor at £l2O ; they had a collector at £52 a
year, but they find it better to let the tolls than to collect
them, owing to the frauds of the toll collectors. Ledbui y
is said to have suffered greatly from the railway. Rather
than pay a couple of turnpikes which separate him from
Ledbury a man will go to the nearest railway station anti
take a ticket for some other town. *bile the country turn-
pikes offer these itupediinonts to intercommunication, the
trustees suffer the fate of the .Danaides. They catch their
tolls in sieves, which let the money run out almost as fast
as it is poured in. Take as an example, the England's Gate
TrT,st, near (floneester, of 10 or 12 miles long. The trustees
collect in tolls ..-C2BO a year, and they pay £llO. or about 40
per cent., in clerks, surveyors, repairs of turnpike gates,
and toll keepers. The consequence is that the trust is bur-
dened with a debt of £2,600, and the ratepayers of the dis-
trict have not only to pay toll, but repair the roads into the
bargain. Aro we notjustified in calling such a system an-
tiquated and barbarous ?
THE " SATURDAY REVIEW.' ON MR. WHALLEY,
ORIENTAL HOSPITALITY. The papers inform us that
Mr Whalley, M.P., has invited all his constituents to pay
him a visit. There is something gorgeous and Arabian in
so magnificent an invitation. Other great men are often
free-handed and munificent, but to have a whole consti-
tuency as guests gives the finest notion of Mr Whalley's
heart, and of his boundless resources. We think with won-
der of the scene that presents itself to the imagination, The

constituency of Peterborough is not a very small one, and
it must be of a mixed character, and of mixed creeds. A
lucky accident may indeed divide the guests, and as Mr
Whalley's mansion is always open, chance or arrangement
may induce them to come in batches. Supposing this is so,
we are lost in fancying what they do when they get there.
Let us say that only ten tailors, half of them drunk and half
of them Roman Catholics, arrive just as Mr Whalley is
sitting down to dinner. Where do the tailors go to ? What
does Mr Whalley with them? What do they get to
eat and drink? Does Mr Whalley carry polite-
ness to the extreme of humouring the fancies of his guests ?
Does he hob and nob with his drunken five, and bless the
Pope with his Rotnanist five ? Perhaps, however, the effort
is less than it seems, an i the hospitality is based on the sup-
position that no one will accept it. Mr Whalley may reckon
that no constituent in his senses would go off a couple of
hundred miles to stay with his member, when every one
was asked in the same way and at the same time. But,
then, these same people have elected Mr Whalley, and he
may argue that, if they could be induced to do that, they
could be induced to do anything. It is certainly odd that
he should satisfy Peterborough; but as he satisfies Peter-
borough enough to be elected there, he may satisfy it
enough to draw Peterborough to Wales. The papers, how-
ever, that tell us of Mr Whalley's princely invitation, also
tell us that the representation of Peterborough will be keenly
contested at the next election, and possibly the invitation
and the prespectivo contest have something to do with
each other. Those who come to dine will, it may be sup •
posed, remain to vote, and this hospitality may only be Mr
Whalley's way of bribing. If so, it is as simple and inno-
cent a way of bribing as could be found. Mr Whalley has
had the honour of discovering the very slightest and most
harmless temptation to the British elector that could be-
wilder his honesty. An elector who takes nothing more
for his vote than the pleasure of arriving unexpectedly at a
remote country house in company with ten tailors is really
uncorrupted. In a certain way, most Englishmen love
hospitality. We think it a virtue, and it has the advantage
of being a virtue that is easy and pleasant to the virtuous
man. Of course we cannot emulate the hospitality of men
in uncivilised countries. We cannot take in the wandering
stranger as a Arab sheik or an Illinois backwoodsman does.
There are no wandering' strangers in England, or, if there
are, they are of the kind whom we think it well to provide
with a night's lodgings, a pint of gruel, and an opportunity
of a little gentle stone breaking. The distinguished cavalier
who, in romances telling of wild countries, goes up to the
castle and sings the songs of his country after supper, or the
traveller whe, in books of travel, spends a night in an Arab
tent, drinks sour milk, and wonders at the queer Mahomc-
dan custom of saying prayers without shame, gets through
a much simpler process in England. He has his inn wait-
ing for him everywhere, and an admirable opportunity of
finding combined the maximum of cost and the maximum
of d seomfort. It is not in the slightest degre a discredit
to civilised man that he is not hospitable as an Arab chief
is hospitable, nor is it much credit to the Arab chief that his
hospitality is as great as it is. If it is a gain to the travel-
ler to be housed or sheltered for the night, it is also a gain
to the host to have some one with a new face to break the
monotony of his dull life,. The sheik is like Mr Whalley ;
he does not give for nothing. While Mr Whalley surveys
his tailors feeding, and notices the pleasant way in which
they get through their meals, he probably sustains himself
with the thought that he will have his reward when next
polling-day comes. The sheik, too, who has got more sour
milk and tough bread than he knows what to do with, in
the same way soon receives ample compensation for the
simple cheer he offers. It is something for him to notice
his guest's watch and gun, and the nervous anxiety with
which the stranger smooths his moustaches. Besides, each
individual sheik feels that he has no option. It is not open
to him to be inhospitable, and custom decrees that he shall
receive without questioning the wandering guest. It is
good in him to be hospitable, but it would be very bad in
him if he were not. And a great part of the hospitality
that is shown in the world is of this sert. It is a duty that
has to be discharged, or it is the only thing the hospitable
man can do under the particular ciroumstances. For ex-
ample, the great man of a district, the Lord Lieutenant of a
county for instance, entertains hosts of visitors on stated oc-
casions. Is this hospitality? Perhaps so; but there is no
particular virtue in it. The Lord Lieutenant must do thus
much, and uncommonly shabbily the duty is some-
times performed. The rich men who live near a great
town like London, and who have made heaps of money
in trade or business, exchange heavy dinners with each
other, This, too, is a very easy sort of hospitality. They
have nothing else to do with their money, and scarcely any
other way of showing that they have it. They meet to
give each other tacit certificates that rumour has not
exaggerated their substance. They entertain in order that,
when they appear outside their gates, they may have the
respect paid them that is ordinarily shown to persons who
are satisfactorily accredited as being warm, comfortable men.
Considering how very largely in most cases the benefit
of hospitality lies more wila the giver than with the re •
ceiver, it may be doubted whether the notion, so common
in England, of its being undignified to accept hospitaii y
without an opportunity of returning it, is not carried too
far. In some cases, of course, the notion is a very proper
one. Where, for example, there are neighbours in the
country who hold much the same position in life, and have
much the same pretensions and claims, it would be no-
' cepting a position of humiliating inferiority if any one of
them were always to be content to be the guest and never
wished to be the host. Or again, if there are many well-
to-do persons living together on sociable and easy terms,
as in the upper circles of a provincial town, it fairly raises
tn. ...Leese. er meanness and stinginess if ono mem-
ber of the circle seems to shirk his 'share of enter-
taining. But where no inequality among local equals,
and no imputation of stinginess, can arise, the guests need
not think that they are receiving a benefit from the host
which, if unreturned, will cover them with shame. Let us
take the case of a cheerful couple, free from family troubles,
with a countryhouae where they wish to reside, and a large
fortune, What are they to do with their house and their
money ? A man cannot go on for ever staring out of his
window, slapping himself, throwing up grateful oyes and
saying to himself that ho is monarch of all he surveys. He
cannot be always riding or driving. Nothing is more
wearying and more desolate than large rooms with no one
to fill them, and large dinners with no one to eat them.
The host wants guests. To get them is to get the best thing
that money can purchase, and that without which most
other things that money can purchase are useless. The
guest, as he walks through the large rooms and eats the
large dinners, may fairly say to himself, " My host is very
kind; ho gives me the luxury of a great house. I can
walk through his park and fish in his lake. I can get in
his stables a good horse to ride, I may shoot his pheasants.
I can read his books, and have for the time all that his
wealth gives him; but then, in return. I prevent his wealth
being a burthen and a curse to him. I and my fellows
guests give him the satisfaction of having a full house in-
stead of an empty one. We enable him to swell with the
happiness of exercising an easy virtue, and so, on the
whole, we do more for him than he does for us, and, although
his kind hospitality charms us, it scarcely leaves us his
debtors." In the same way, young married people in Lon-
don need not be under the apprehension they sometimes ex-
press, that, in accepting invitations to dinner without being
able to give dinners, they are incurring a humiliating obli-
gation. This is a pure mistake. The obligation is, out of
all proportion, on the side of the hosts. It is everything
for them to get young married women at their table. The
differenze between one dinner party and another is not in
the eating, for all dinners are cut pretty much in the same
pattern ; nor in the drinking, for scarcely any wine at big
parties is so far drinkable as to make its little variations
worth noticing; but the difference is in having or not hav-
ing plenty of young married women at table. What is the
good of staring for hours at a pile of ferns and camelias, or
forced fruits, to a man who is placed between a silly silent
girl on one side and a solid rock of matronly silk the other ?
Young married women who look tolerably nice and will talk
are of priceless value at dinner parties, and, of course,
their husbands must tome too, and very amiable creatures
they generally are, and quite worth their keep. At the
same time, it is not fair to represent all hospitality as
pure pleasure. Those who are consistently and widely hos•
pitable, as a matter of principle, have many trials to go
through, and the world may bo obliged to them when they
bear these trials pleasantly. In the first place, they cannot
help receiving professed stayers-out—men and women
whose business it is to go from house to house, and who
have a happy art of making life, wherever they go, seem
artificial, vapid, and frivolous, A man whose position
condemns him to come down morning after morning and
find a parcel of such people gathered round his breakfast
table must often wish ho had been born in a humbler
position, which would have permitted him to breakfast in
peace with his wife, his children, and his paper, Then,
again, when men arc widely hospitable, and act on principle,
they find themselves impelled, or forced, to include iu their
hospitality persons who are in very respectable pusitioreg,
but who have not the reserve of educated persons. The
penalty of this extension of benevolence is the asteefehines
theasgh innocent, familiarity with which their guees show
their readiness to be sociable, the confidences about their
Tome and Fannys into which they enter at once, and their
sudden transitions from stiffness to boundless intiinncy. It
is not, therefore, so very enviable to ho in a position to
exercise wide hospitality as it might seen), and they are
perhaps the happiest whose hospitality ?oneik4s. merely in
welcoming knu wn friends, and in shirting withtheta the
pleasures of an unassuming but comfort able home. It is
true that hospitality in this case ceases to be a virtue, for
all is pure pleasure in it. But different men have different
duties, and every one is not called on to be hospitable on a
grand scale, Every one is not either an Arab sheik or Mr
Whalley.

WATER, says the Guardian,
WaB recently being
retailed in Jersey at ld a pint,

The troops were drawn up in line of contiguous
columns, the first (Sr right being a squadron of
cavalry, composed of some 35 men rank and fiie,
and the Ist Manchester Light Horse, under the
command of Capt. Turner, a small regiment it is
true, but a very gay one; their brilliant scarlet
uniform, white leather breeches, and black boots,
contrasting in a very pleasing manner with the bats
talion of artillery atationed on their left. Next to
the Artillery (250) were the Ist Manchester, 509;
next the 24th Lancashire (Rochdale), 204 ; next the
56th Lancashire (Salford), 344; and next the. 7th
Administrative Battalion, consisting of 352 men
belonging to Ashton and Oldham. These, making
a total of 1,409, not counting the cavalry and
artillery, composed the let brigade, corn,
mended by Lieut. Col. the Hon. A. Egerton.
The 2d brigade, commanded by Lieut. Col.
Dugdale, consisted of the 2d Manchester, 575;
the 4th Administrative Battalion (S wiuton, Leigh,
Atherton, Worsley, and Farnworth men), 318; and
the 3d Manchester, 565—total, 1458, making a.
grand total of 3152 men rank and file:

The weather during the early part of the day
was full of promise, .and was so indeed up to near
five o'clock, when there was' a heavy rainfall, which
in some measure preventedkolonel M'Murdo doing
all with the troops that he ieterdad. He with-his
staff came upon the ground about half-past four,
and was received with a general salute, He then
rapidly rode round the several battalions, express-
ing himself highly pleased with the appearance
and bearing of the troops. This done, the cavalry
and artillery wheeled to the right, and commenced
the march past, followed by the 3d Manchester,
and so on till the Ist Manchester brought up the
rear. They all marched past at quick time—indeed
one of the cavalry went past at a sort of double.
double, his horse fairly bolting away with him, and
in so headstrong a manner that be had to throw
away his sword before he could pull the animal up.
This little incident caused some laughter, but that
was better than an accident. The whole of the
battalions marched past in open columns in excel-
lent style, and were loudly applauded by the spec-
tators. The troops then resumed their original
position, and opened out to deploying distance from
the right battalion of the right brigade. The
brigades then changed front on the left battalion,
the right thrown back, when a line of skirmishers
was sent forward, consisting of the Ashton and
Oldham troops, the imaginary enemy being beyond
what was the right of the original position. The
artillery had previously been wheeled to the left,
preceded by the cavalry. After the skirmishers
had kept up an almost incessant fire upon the
imaginary enemy for some minutes the advance
was sounded, but they could get very little fur-
ther, whereupon two light field pieces were
sent forward to support them. They unlimbered
close by the left of the line of skirmishers, and
for some time played upon the supposed enemy but
without effect, and ultimately they had to fall back
upon supports drawn in line. This line was strong
and apparently invincible, for it advanced bravely
and poured into the supposed enemy a withering
fire, and when to their support some heavier field
pieces were brought they drove him back; where-
upon the cavalry, seeing this, crept round to tha
right, in readiness to charge if the enemy showed
signs of wavering or retreating. It would appear
that they did, for the order was given to charge, and
this little band of 35 dashed forward and, amid
cheers and applause from the spectators, cut the
imaginary stragglers to atoms.
After this charge the centre battalion advanced
in line supported by two flank bait ilions in echelon,
and ultimately they formed a single. From the
inner flank the flank battalions advanced and formed
company squares and fired volleys, the centre bat.'
talion fcur deep preparing to receive cavalry. After
that a grand charge was made in line, and the field
was then in their undisputed possession, the heavy
rain having dispersed the spectators, and the bravery
of the troupe combined with the strategy of the
commander, having worsted the imaginary enemy,l
Having called the officers in front, Col. M'Murdo
thus addressed them :—Officers, gentlemen all—l
have had the pleasure of reviewing you several times
before, and on each occasion I have been more satis-
fied with your performances. I have especially rea
marked the consolidated battalions of Manchester.
They started on good, sound, and safe principles of
discipline and order; and now I have seen you offi-
cially for the last time, I cannot resist the gratifi-
cation I feel in expressing to you how much
admire you as volunteer soldiers, and citizens; I.
do not talk to you as I would to soldiers of the
line, although your efficiency is quite sufficient for
the day of battle if ever you should be required to
face the enemy of your country. Ido not think it
possible, if you desired it, ever to arrive at the same
state of efficiency as the soldiers of the line. I have
seen a great deal of the volunteers ; I saw you from
the cradle of the volunteer movement; I saw you
when you were creeping ; I saw you when you were
walking as soldiers bearing arms—as firm soldiers
in solid battalions. And now let me tell you that,
having arrived at your present state of efficiency, it
is incumbent on you to look to rapidity of move*
ment. You have attained quite the natural amount
of steadiness to deploy ihto line ; you change front
and advance in line most admirably; and now I
recommend you in future to work upon your parade
ground with the great object of rapidity in these
movements, and if ever you find yourself in front of
an enemy you will find the enemy has been rather
drilled with a view to rapidity than steadiness and
slowness. At the battle of Mollnitz Frederick the
Great deployed his troops into slow lino to the
strains of music ; but those days have passed away,
and it is rapidity—rapidity alone—that will gain
the battle. I therefore want you volunteers to work
upon your parade ground with this view as much as
possible. I would not have given you this advice
two or three years ago; but 1 see that you have
arrived at that stage of efficiency in all your simple
movements that you may require it. Then practise
these movements at the double, and you will then
find in the day of battle that you will be a match for
your enemy in point of rapidity of movement. Let
me say that the battle of Solferino was won by the
rapid movements of the French troops. The Atiso
trians were still in column when the French were
in extended order, and they being thus in extended.
column, about two paces between each file, ats
tacked the Austrian columns before they could.
double into line. I will not detain you longer, but
I assure you that I leave the office of inspector
of the volunteer forces with the greatest nud most
profound respect, for 1 believe that upon them wilt
&pond the honour of this coat:lay in ease of any
aggreebive movement of a foreign po wer—ss hielt
may God in Rid mercy avert !—and which I believe
is in your power to avert. So long as yon main<
tain the high and efficient state of drill which vela
have now reached no enemy will approach the
shores of Great Britain. Good bye!

The gallant` colonel then rode.'away amidst Ire.'
mondous cheering from the troops, who shortly
after left the ground.
In the evening a complimentary dinner was given
to Colonel M'Murdo at the Queen's Hotel, at which
upwards of sixty officers belonging to the various
Lancashire regiments were present. The chair
was occupied by Colonel Dugdale, supported on the
right by Colonel M'Murdo and Lieut.-Colonel Page,
of the Bth Regiment, and on the left by Colonel
Lloyd and Major Bridgeford.
In response to the toast of his health, Colonel
M'Murdo made a long and interesting speech.

AZ R. ALFRED MELLON'S CONCERTS
EVERY EVENING, at F fight.
I{(.)YAL ITALIAN OPERA HOUSE, COVENT-GARDEN.
GRAND VOLUNTEER NIGHT.
Mdile. C. Patti, Mdlle. Krebs ; Mr. Levy, M. Arban, Mr
H .
ughe,s, M. tionLisse.iu Ali Ben Sou-alThle, and Mr. Santley
(fora feNy nights only), This Evening. e Sel,ction.
Orchestra of One Hundred Performers, and the Band of the
Coldstream Guards.
Conductor, Mr. ALFRED MELL ON.
Promenade. ,mphithcatre.Stalls, and Ampxes, £1 Is. and
hithea're, One
; Dress Circle, 2s. ed. ; Private Bo
10s. 6d.
On Thursday next, a STOR NIGHT, when will be per-
formed the Symphony, "ThUe Power of Sound." Mr. Santley
wi.l sing one of Spohr's favourite Compositions.
On Friday next, a MEVERBEER NIGHT.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.-
Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Wining.
'fin E
s EVNING, BORN TO GOOD LUCK. Paddy
O'Rafferly, Mr. Dominick Murray.
Alter which, THE sTREET3 OF LONDON. Messrs.
J. W. Ray, D. Fi her, D. Murray, J. Nelson, H.
ForreAter. and
Mellon ; Mrs. Henry Marston, Miss Emma
Barnett, and Miss F ,nny Gwynne.

N.w THEA fRE-Ito 'AL, ADELN-11.-
Bole Prourietor and Mainzer, Mr. B. Webster.
Tuts EVENING, MY WIFE'S MAID. Messrs. J. L.
Toole, P. Bedford, R. Philips, And Miss W.Jolgar.
ONE TOUCH OF NA PURE. Messrs. Webster, Billing-
ton, Ebuine, C. J. Smith, and Miss H. Sims.
A. WOMAN OF BUSINESS. Messrs. J. L. Toole and
B Ellington.
VIE ACTOR'S RETREAT. Messrs. `tenon.L. Toole, P. Bed-
ford, R. Romer, R. Phillips, and Mrs. A.
Commence at 7.

OYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE.
jL Mana,er, Mr. Benjamin Webster.
ENIIN f TA.LENT AND COMEDY.
This p pular withal OPEN for the Winter Seison
THIS EVENING, (eeGiad time) Mr. Arthur Sketchly's
ighly_-successtul and original Comedy of HOW %WILL
TiIEY GET OCT oF IT. After which, F. C. Burnand's
Lang,
hable Travestie of FAUST AND MA.RTGhUoEseitleeTiEe.:
To conclude with LNDER THE ROSE.
brated artists Mr. and Mrs. Char es Mathews are re-engaged.
Mrs. Stirling,,, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Matthews, Mr. F. Robin-
son. Mr. Asnley, Mr. J. Clark, Mr. Chamberiain, Mr. Joan-
stone, Mr. 11. Montague, Miss Cotterel , Miss Fanny Joseph
Miss Patti Josephs, &c. So. Scenic Artists, Mr. Gates and
his pupil. Acting Manager, Mr. J. Kintoch. Musical Con-
ductor, Mr. Wallenstiene. Stage Director, Mr. F. Webster.

COUNTRY and SEASIDE DRESSES.
Messrs. JAY, of Regent-street, have now in stock a
variety of WASHING SILK DRESSES, suitAtle for the
country and seaside, and at the c.earing-out pace of only
lis. 6d. the dress.

JAY'S,
217, 249, and 251, Regent-street.

BLACK SILKS.—The price of Silks in the raw
material has already r sen 15 per cent., and it will soon
Teach a far ureater per-centage. Messrs. JAY, therefore,
lovite their numerous patrons to take adv-intage of the stock
they have on hand, which they cm now dispose of on favour-
able terms ; but the same qualities will naturally b, more
Co tly as the price of silk fluctuates to a higher average

JAY'S,
217,2.19, ant 251, Regent-street.

COALS.—The LILLESHAL L COMPANY'S
COALS.
Direct from their own Collieries.
Marquis'. 23s. per ton. I Double ..205. per ton.
'Top 225. „ Deep 2ls. „
Well screened and delivered within live miles of their De-
pots, Westbourne Park-road, W., and 17, south Wharf,
raddington, W., and Maiden-lane, N.
Best Coke 155. per chaldron.
Terms cash.
JOHN SCOTT, Sole Lent

FIE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN,"
_IL Containing' the Latest SPORTING LNTELLIGENCE,
1141-1 ./De had Every Evening of
G. It. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT,
No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Ilyde-park.

THE LATEST EDITION of " THE SUN'
supplied, as soon as published every Evening by
jiiNRY BROOKS, Newspaper Agent, 21, Old Cavendish-
street, W.