The Sun.
London, England, 1864-10-04 00:00:00

LATEST INTELLIGENCE. t

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

RUSSIA.

ST. PETERSBURG, OCT. 4.

The semi. official Deutsche Petersburger Zeitung
of to-day publishes an article which concludes
thus :

" The Encyclical Letter of the Pope on Polish
affairs is the work of the Jesuits, who are afraid
they may lose their power by the newly-awakened
civilisation of the people. In other respects Russia,
is indifferent to the Encyclical Letter."
The betrothal of the Crown Prince of Russia
with the Princess Dagmar of Denmark has been
officially announced here.
A salute of 101 guns was fired in honour of the
event.

PRUSSIA.

BERLIN, OCT. 4.

Herr von Hasselbaoh, the Prussian Representative
at the Conference held in Prague for the purpose of
bringing about an understanding between Austria
and Prussia in reference to the future position
of the former towards the Zullverein, has returned
here, and has been received by the Minister of
Finance. It is asserted that he will not return to
Prague.

GREECE.

MESSINA, OCT. 3.

Advices received here from Athens assert that
.he Austrian Minister had presented his credentials
,o the King.

THE PRINCIPALITIES.

BUCHAREST, OCT. 3.

The Ronmain journals strongly attack the Journal
des Debate on account of its articles against the
rural law, pointing out their prejudice and the
grave errors they contain.
Prince Couza has visited Gassy, and has been
enthusiastically received by the population.

THE BOMBAY AND MAURITIUS MAILS.
The following telegram has been received at Mr
Renter's office from the Penineuler and Oriental
Steam Navigation Company, Oct. 4, 1864:
ALEXANDRIA, OCT. 3.
The Ripon and Delta, with the above mails, left
here at noon today.
The former may be expected at Marseilles on the
9tb, and tho latter at Southampton about the 16th
instant.

CALCUTTA, CHINA, AND AUSTRALIAN
MAILS.

SUEZ, OCT. 3.
The Candia, with these mails, reached Suez at
5 p.m. today.

FRANCE•

PARIS, OCT. 4.

The Minister of Public Instruction has addressed
a circular to the Rectors of the Faculties, express.
ing the desire that the professors should give volun-
tary courses in the populous cities within the dis•
trict of their academy, as will be done this winter
at the Sorbonne in Paris.
Official advices received here from Mexico an-
nounce several successes on the part of the
Imperialists.
On the Ist August Colonel Turre and the Zaaaves
under his command forced a passage through the
Mexican defences at Candelaria, defeating Ugalde,
who defended the position with 300 men, of whom
he lost 150 in the engagement. This brilliant feat
of arms determined the Mexicans to abandon the
formidable defences of Huignitta.
The Constitutionnel of this morning, replying to
the assertion of a Turin journal, says :—" The
French Government was determined to enter into
negotiations respecting the evacuation of the Ponti-
fical territory, on account of the declaration of the
Turin Cabinet that from political, administrative,
and strategic considerations it had resolved upon
transferring the capital to Florence. This transfer
being the deciding motive of the negotiations, and
the principal condition of the recall of the army of
occupation, it must precede, not follow, the recall
of the army."
BOURSE, Oct. 3,—The market has been rather
dull, but without any material change in prices.
Threes, for the Account, are unvaried at 65f. 95c.
Mobilier show a slight decline, being now at 9934-.
75c. Thtitway Market inanimate, and with little
variation from Saturday's quotations. The market
became rather weaker towards the close, and left off
as follows :

41 per Cents. 92 40
Do. end month
3 per Cents
Do. end month 65 85
Credit Mobilier 985
Do. end month 985
Bank Shares 310)
Credit Foncier 1205
Roman —

BAIL

Italian Loan 67
• Do. end month 55 75
Ditto Threes ..
New Mexican 511
Russian
Austrian
Spanish Threes —
Rome Debt .. —
Deferred

Cash. Account.
Orleant; •1........ 870 .. 875 ---
Northern
Lyons and Mediterranean 915 917 50
Southern
Western
Eastern
Sardinian

Austrian .. -
1•01 P bard
North of Spain
Saragossa 483 75 .. 4EO
Ditto to Barcelona

The

Rome.

We translate from the Moniteur the full text of
the despatch addressed by the Minister of Foreign
Affairs, by order of the Emperor, to his Excellency
Count de Sartiges, Ambassador of France at Rome.
A summary of this despatch appeared in our impres-
sion of yesterday. It is dated Paris, Sept. 12,
1864:

Mousier le Comte,—The position which we occupy at
Rome has for a long time been a cause of serious considera-
tion to the Government of the Emperor. Circumstances
have appeared to us favourable to examine anew into the
real state of things, and we think it advisable to communi-
cate to the Holy See the result of our reflections.
I need not refer to the causes which led the flag of France
to Rome, and which determined us to keep it there up to the
present moment. We had resolved not to abandon that post
of honour so long as the object of the occupation should
not have been obtained. Yet we never supposed that such a
reesition should be a permanent cue ; we always considered
it as abnormal and temporary. It was on those terms that
the first plenipotentiary of the Emperor at the Congress of
Paris characterised it eight years ago. He added, conform-
ably to the orders of his Majesty, that we anxiously looked
forward for the moment when we might withdraw our
troops from Rome without comp! omising the internal tran-
quillity of the country and the authority of the Pontifical Go-
vernment. On every opportunity we renewed the same de-
clarations. At the commencement of 1859 the Holy Father
had on his part made the proposal to fix the end of this year
for the evacuation of the territory guarded by our troops.
The war which then burst out in Italy having decided the
Emperor to renounce their recall, the same idea was resumed
as soon as events seemed to authorise the hope that the
Pontifical Government would be in a position to provide for
its safety with its own forces. Hence the entente established
in 1860, and in virtue of which the departure of the French
troops was to be effected in tho month of August. 'The
commotions which took place at the same period again pre-
vented the execution of a measure which the Holy See
desired as much as we did. But the Government of the
Emperor did nct the less continue to look upon the presence
of our troops at Rome as an exceptional and temporal fact,
to which, in mutual interest, we were bound to put an end
as soon as the security and independence of the Holy See
should be shielded from new dangers.
How many reasons are there not, in fact, to make us wish
that the occupation should not be indefinitely prolonged f
It constitutes an act of intervention, contrary to one of the
fundamental principles of our public law, and the more diffi-
cult to justify, as far as we are concerned, as our object in
giving Piedmont thr support of our arms was to deliver
Italy from foreign intervention. Moreover, this situation has
as a consequence to place face to face, on the same ground,
two distinct sovereignties, and thus to be often the cause of
serious difficulties. The nature of things is here stronger
than the good intentions of man. Many changes have been
made in the superior command of the French army, and the
same dissensions, the same conflicts of jurisdiction have oc-
curred at every period between our Generals-in-Chief, whose
first duty is evidently to watch over the safety of their army,
and the representatives of the Pontifical authority, jealous
to uphold the independence of the territorial Sovereign in
the, acts of internal administration.

To these unavoidable inconveniences, which the French
agents most devoted to the Holy See have not been able to
obviate, must be added those which infallibly result from
the difference of political considerations. The two Govern-
ments do not obey the same inspirations and do not act upon
the same principles. Our conscience, too, often urges us
to give counsel which, too often also, that of the Court of
Rome thinks it ought to decline. Should we insist too
strongly it would seem as if we were abusing the strength
of our position, and, in that case, the Pontifical Govern-
ment would in public opinion lose the merit of the most
wise resolutions. On the other hand, by taking part in acts
inconsistent with our social state and with the maxims of
our legislation, we with difficulty escape the responsibility
of a situation which we cannot approve. The Holy See,
from its very nature, has its codes and particular rights,
which, on many occasions, are unhappily in opposition to
the ideas of the age. Distant from Rome, we should still
certainly regret to see it carry out their rigorous applica-
tion, and, guided by a filial devotion, we should, doubtless,
not think ourselves justified in remaining silent when simi-
lar facts should provide pretexts for the accusations of is
adversaries ; but being present at Rome, which imposes
more serious obligations upon us, under such circumstances
the relations of the two Governments become more delicate,
and their reciprocal susceptibilities are brought into greater

However patent these inconveniences may be, we have
resolved not to relinquish the mission which we accepted.
The Holy Father had no army to protect his authority at
home against the projects of the Revolutionary party, and,
on the other band, the most alarming intentions were pre-
valent in the Peninsula as regards the possession of Rome,
which the Italian Government itself, through the mouths
of the Ministers in the Parliament as well as by diplomatic
communications, claimed as the capital of Italy. As long
as those views occupied the thoughts of the Cabinet at
Turin we have had reaspn to fear that if we withdrew our
troops the territory of the Holy See would be exposed to
attacks which the Pontifical Government could not have
been able to withstand. We wished to give it our armed
support until we considered the danger of those inconside-
rate outbursts as past.
At the present moment, M. le Comte, we are struck by

the happy changes which manifest themselves in this re-
spect in the general situation of the Peninsula. The Italian
Government has been exerting itself during the last two
years to do away with the last remnants of those formidable
associations which, taking advantage of circumstances, have
formed themselves beyond its action, and the projects of
which were chiefly directed against Rome. Having opposed
them publicly, it has succeeded in dissolving them, and
whenever they have attempted to reconstitute themselves,
it has easily put them down.

This Government has not confined itself to preventing
the organization of any irregular force upon its territory to
attack the provinces placed under the Pontifical sovereignty.
It has given to its policy towards the Holy See an attitude
more in harmony with its international duties. It has ceased

to bring forward in the Chambers the absolute programme
which proclaimed !tome the capital of Italy and to address
to us on this subject peremptory declarations formerly so
frequent. Other ideas have taken hold of the more enlight-
ened minds, and tend to prevail more and more. Abandon-
ing the idea of achieving by force the realisation of a pro-
ject which we had resolved to oppose, and not being able on
the other hand to maintain at Turin the seat of an authority
the presence of which is requisite on a more central point of
the new State, the Cabinet of Turin would itself have har-
boured the intention of transferring its capital to another
cis y.

In our opinion, M. le Comte, this eventuality is of higher
importance to the Holy See, as well as to the Government of
the Emperor; for, if realised, it would constitute a new
situation which would not offer the same danger. After
having obtained from Italy the guarantees which we might
think fit to stipulate in favour of the Holy See against
attacks from without, all that would remain for us to do
would be to assist the Pontifical Government to organise
an army sufficiently numerous and well organised to com-
mand respect for its authority at home. It would find us
ready to second recruiting to the best of our endeavours.
Its actual resources, we are aware, would not allow it to
maintain a considerable army ; but comtinations might be
made which would relieve the Holy Eee from a portion of
the debt of which it thought it was bound in dignity to con-
tinue hitherto to pay the interest. Placed thus in the posses-
sion of ample funds, defended at home by a devoted army,
protected outside by engagements which we should have
demanded from Italy, the Pontifical Government would
find itself in a position which, while assuring its independ-
ence and safety, would allow us to fix a term for with-
drawing our troops from the Roman States. These words
addressed by the Emperor to the King of Italy in a letter,
dated the 12th of July, 1861, will thus be verified :
" I will leave my troops at Rome as long as your Majesty
shall not be reconciled to the Pope, or that the Holy Father
shall be menaced with seeing the States that remain to him
invaded by a regular or irregular force."
Such are, M. le Comte, the observations suggested to us
by a careful and conscientious examination of actual cir-
cumstances, and which the Government of the Emperor
thinks it advisable to communicate to the Court of Rome.
The Holy See assuredly, like ourselves, eagerly looks for-
ward to the moment when the protection of our arms will
no longer be required for its safety, when it might without
danger to the great interests which it represents return to
the normal situation of an independent Government. We,
therefore, entertain the confidence that it will render full
justice to the sentiments which actuate us, and it is under
this persuasion that I authorise you to call the attention of
Cardinal Antonelli to the considerations I have just made
known to you.

Yotr may leave his Eminence a copy of this eespatch.—l
am, &C., DaouYN DE LHUYS.

" THE QUEEN OF THE COUNTY."—AIi novel
readeta will be delighted to hear that a new work, by the
author of " Margaret and her Bridesmaids," is shortly to
appear. It is called " The Queen of the County "—a title
which gives promise of a subject peculiarly adapted for the
pen of this charming and popular novelist.

PERU.—His Excellency the President in Council,
by a decree under date of the 25th of August last,
has roll, ved from their appointments in England and France
Don Mariano Suez and Don Pedro Galvez, hitherto Mi-
nister Plenipotentiaries of Peru in London and Paris ; and,
by a decree under the same date, his Excellency has named
Don Frederic() L. Barreda, now Minister Plenipotentiary
at Washington, to replace both those functionaries in Lon-
don and Paris.

SINGULAR ACCIDENT BY FIRE.—On Sanday
morning an accident of a melancholy character occurred to
a man named Chapman, residing at a lodging-house, No,
7, Bear-alley, Peter-street. The man, who was subject to
fits, was sitting by►,the fire smoking a pipe of tobacco, when,
feeling the premonitory symptoms, he throw himself on rho
bed, but forgot to throw away his lighted pipe. The
tobacco ignited the sheets, burning the poor man in a
frightful manner. The inmates extinguished the fire, and
prevented the destruetiou of the premises,

Compared with the receipts of the last
year, the present returns show an in-
crease of
The total sale of land to Michaelmas, 186 t,

is 368,800 13 10
The total withdrawals since the formation
of the Society (7th September, 1852) to
Michaelmas, 1861, are
The returns of the register of the order of lights are as
follow :

Completed. Drawn. Seniority. Total.
5,432 3,234 1,706 10,372
Deduct rights exercised on estates, &c, .... 7,737

Unexercised rights
The last share number on the register by seniority is No.
14,813, and the last share issued up to Michaelmas, 1864,
was No. 21,228. At the usual annual meeting to be held
at Exeter Hall, on Tuesday, the 29th of November, the
statement of accounts and balance sheet foe the financial
year ending the 30th of September last, together with the
report of the Executive Committee of the year's operations,
will be submitted to the shareholders. The candidates for
the two auditors to be elected by the shareholders at this
quarterly meeting, advertised under Rule 30, are the Rev.
William George Goodchild, Mr. E. S, Harding, and Mr.
Clemow. The committee have re-elected W. Copeland
A.stbury, Esq., and Newnham Winstanley, Esq., as their
two auditors. Alter the nJmination this day by the mem-
bers of two auditors, the accounts for the past year will be
examined and audited in due course. It is with much
regret that the Board has to announce the death, on the Ist
instant, of Mr. E. S. Harding (the accountant), for so
many years one of tho auditors elected by the shareholders,
who was a candidate on the present occasion, and for which
the Rev. Wm. Goodchild and Mr. Clemow are now the
only candidates. Three highly eligible properties have
been acquired by the society since the last quarterly report
—the Admiralty Navy Yard at Deal (East Kent)► the
Southgate Road Estate, Woodgreen (Middlesex) ; and the
Sandown Estate (Isle of Wight). The Deal property,
which was purchased after a spirited competition at the
sale by auction (by order of the Lords Commissioners of
the Admiralty) on the 19th of July last, is one of the most
valuable sea side sites ever offered to the public. The
esplanade frontage is 800 feet, with a corresponding quan-
tity fronting the high road to Walmer and Dover, affording
ample space for the erection of first-class villas,
houses, hotels, and boarding-houses. A new iron pier,
extending some distance into the sea, has recently been
opened in the centre of Deal, close to the navy yard
esplanade, and an Act of. Parliament was passed last
session for the formation of docks. Houses for all classes
of the community are already in demand. As the improve-
ments in this important seaport are extended, its popularity
will no doubt materially increase. Whether for health or
recreation, owing to the remarkable salubrity of the situa-
tion, and the unrivalled panoramic view of the shipping in
the Downs, Deal presents equal attractions. The Wood
Green estate is within a short distance of the station and of
the Alexandra Park, close to the Green Lanes, Hornsey,
and other popular localities near the metropolis. The
Sunnyside estate, Sandown, comprises a marine villa, with
plantations, pleasure grounds, and inclosures situated a
short distance from the church, in the Shanklin-road, with
a footpath on the cliff. The property commands splendid
views of a great part of the interior of the island, and there
is an uninterrupted sea frontage of about 950 feet. The new
eastern section railway from Ryde to Cowes, via Ventnor
and Newport, has just been opened as far as Shanklin ;
trains run between Ryde and Sandown every hour, and
every half hour from Sandown to R 5 de. As a bathing-
place Sandown is unrivalled, and has been increasing of
late rapidly in popularity. The thirteenth year of tho Con-
servative Land Society having been commenced on the 7th
of September last, the executive committee, whilst congra-
tulating the shareholders on its prosperous progress, at e
enabled to add that its prospects for the current year are
already highly encouraging,
(Signed) RANELAGH, Chairman.

(Countersigned) C. LEWIS GItUNEISEN, Secretary.
Offices of the Conservative Land Society, 33, Nor-
folk-street, Sti and, W.C., Oct. 4, 1864.
`"After the adoption of the:eeport and the election by the
members of the Rev. N. G. Goodchild, of East Tilbury,
and of W. U. Clemew, Esq., the secretary of the English
and Swedish Bank, as auditors, a vote of thanks was passed
to the executive committ,e, and the meeting broke up,

The Counterfeit Sovereigns,
(From the Mechanics' Magaztne)

We have seen two specimens of the base money. They
contain a considerable amount of gold, and hence are likely
to deceive the unwary tradesman. It is necessary, therefore,
to put the public on their guard against this system of fraud
The Times asserts that the best means of detecting the false
coins is by ringing them, because they lack the sharp clink
of the true sovereign ; but this will be found a very treacher-
ous operation, as many of the genuine pieces are cracked or
brittle, and hence have no music in their souls. It must. we
are sure, have fallen to the lot of some of our readers to have
met wida such imperfect samples of mintage, The cracks
in these cases arise from the imperfections existing in the
cast bars of gold from which the coins have been manufac-
tured. fiupposiug, fee instance, that an air bubble lies con-
cealed beneath the smooth surface of a gold bar recently
removed from its mould, then the laminating process wilt
inevitably elongate and close up the orifice. Presently
blanks will be punched from the strap of metal, and these,
unless great care be exercised in rejecting them, will in-
clude cracked or blow pieces cut from the defective
part of the strap, Afterwards they receive their im-
pressions, pass into circulation, and henceforth are, like
some monarchs, cracked sovereigns. Bri tle gold is some-
times met with. This arises from the presence of a small—
an infinitesima ly small—portion of iridium in its com-
position, Brittle gold is very awkward to deal with, and
the worst of it is that ringing only increases its brittleness-
Coins therefore which are moderately tough when they
leave the royal stamping presses, become brittle after
circulating for a year or two, and lose the little musical
powers they once possessed. These evils are no doubt
well understood at the Mint, and guarded against as far
as possible; still they exist. "Ringing" sovereigns then
is really no test at all of their genuineness. There are
two modes of detecting spurious sovereigns. The one is
weighing them in delicate scales against a weight equal to
•25tioz, or against a genuine and newly-minted piece of the
same denomination. If it be found to vary from this more
than half a grain, either on the light or heavy side, but
more especially on the former, its quality may well be
doubted. The second method is that of a careful examina-
tion of the suspicious coin and its comparison with a well-
known good one. The workmanship exhibited by counter-
feit coins is always inferior to that shown by genuine ones,
and a quick eye will at once detect that inferiority. This is
notably so in the case of the base sovereigns spoken of in the
Tintes. Their milling, for example, is very imperfect, whilst
the lettering and engraving generally are slovenly and
coarse. The dies from which they have been struck were
manifestly the work of no artist, but of some novice ; and,
fortunately, the results of his handiwork are not likely long
to pass current. Weighing and inspection are the specifics
which we recommend for the discovery of the 20 carat or
17s sovereigns. The colour of the pieces will not decide as
to their quality, as the leading journal suggests it may,
because standard sovereigns of every hue, from that of
copper to bright yellow brass, are in plenteous circulation,
and gold is like the chameleon, and changes colour as its
temperature varies.

THE CASE OF MR HAMAIOND.—YestErday Mr
Edward Hammond, of Lturel House, Peckham,
Eiza Allen, his servant, and Emily Wakeman, who was
alleged to live under his protection, who stood committed
to the Surrey Sessions to answer a charge of assaulting Mrs
Hammond, and also one of conspiring to lock up that lady
and keep her in confinement for two years, attended at
Lambeth Police-court for the purp3se of entering into the
necessary form of recognisances. It appeared that on Friday
last an application had been made in chambers to Mr
Justice Shee for a writ of certiorari to move the indictment,
if found, frcm the Surrey Sessions to the Central Criminal
Court. His lordship made the order as required, and the
grand jury at the Surrey Sessions having found a true bill
against the parties, they were in attendance as above stated,
and in the presence of Mr Bonner, the solicitor for the pro-
secution, and Mr Nettle for the defence, the necessary
forms were complied with, so that the trials of the accused
will not come on before the 24th instant.

SHQCKING ACCIDENT AT THE CROYDON RAIL-
WAY STATION.—About half-past nine o'cicck last night a
large number of persons were on the platform of the West
Croydon Railway station, waiting the arrival of:the train
that would convey them to London. The train glided into
the station quietly enough, and there was a general rush to
the carriages before it came to a standstill. One pair
fellow, in the garb of a countryman, was pushed off the
platform in the crush, and, shocking to relate, he was lite-
rally cut in two by the wheals of the carriages,