The Sun.
London, England, 1864-07-19 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JULY 19, 1864.

hon. gentleman. He has told us that 3 years 400 have
been set free ; but if so it will be a long time before the
10,000 are fully emancipated. I must decline going into
any controversy with the hon. gentleman. I am anxious
that the negociations going on should succeed—and I think
the house would do better to drop the discussion than to
allow things to be stated which might revive angry feeling
and embarrass the negotiations which the Portuguese Go-
vernment have, with the best motives and in the best pos-
sible spirit, undertaken to carry on. (Hear, hear.)
Mr S. FITZGERALD congratulated Lord Palmerston
on the moderate tone of his language as contrasted with
that of last week, in which he spoke of the conduct of the
Brazilian Government as flagitious and disgraceful. He
believed that that Government was using every effort in its
power to carry into effect the treaty stipulations for the
liberation of the emancipados.
Sir H. CAIRNS said that the impression on the part of
English capitalists and merchants having an interest in
Brazil were almost universally opposed to the policy of her
Majesty's Government. With regard to the Aberdeen Act,
as a question of international law, he had nerer looked upon
it with any other feeling than that of amazement.
Mr NE WDEGATE complained that the Brazilian Go-
vernment were endeavouring to coerce the house into the
repeal of the Aberdeen Act by persecuting English resi-
dents in Brazil, and he mentioned in particular the case of
Mr Christie, our late Minister at Rio, and of a Mr Reeves.
He also denounced the corruption of the legal tribunals of
the country, and described the internal slave trade as of a
most iniquitous and inhuman character.
Mr T. BARING having described the policy of the Go-
vernment towards Brazil as taunting, irritating, and unfor-
tunate, the subject dropped.

Mr PACKE brought under notice the report of the in-
spector of reformatories on the state of the St. Bernard's
Reformatory at Whitwick, in Leicestershire, and to the
recent outbreak among the inmates of that establishment,
which he described as a nuisance to the neighbourhood.
Sir G. GREY described the precautions that had been
taken by the Government to prevent the recurrence of
similar outbreaks.

Lord J. MANNERS and Mr NEWDEQATE expressed their
hope that the institution would be removed from the county
altogether.

Mr HEYGATE saw no necessity for so extreme a
course.

The house then went into committee on the remaining
civil service estimates. The vote for the packet service
estimate and a vote to pay off Exchequer Bills were
agreed to.
The vote of £14,355 on account of civil establishments on
the West Coast of Africa led to some discussion on the
Ashantee expedition, and Sir Jonx HAY moved the reduc-
tion of the vote by £2,500.
Mr ADDERLEY gave notice that, early next session he
would move that the whole subject be referred to a select
committee.

Ultimately the amendment was withdrawn, and the
vote was agreed to.

On the motion of Lord C. PAGET, a supplementary navy
estimate, amounting to £220,000, was agreed to for the
purchase of the steam rams now lying at Birkenhead.
The whole of the supplies having thus been voted, the
chairman quitted the chair amid faint cheers from the 50
or 60 hon. gentlemen who formed the committee.
On the motion for going into committee on the New Zea-
land (Guarantee of Loan) Bill,
Sir J. TRELAWNY moved, as an amendment, that a
select committee be appointed to inquire into the relative
financial position of Great Britain and the colony, with a
view to adjusting any outstanding balances and other mat-
ters connected therewith.

On a division, the amendment was negatived by 79 to 32,
and the bill went through committee, after an Ineffectual
attempt of Mr Morrison to reduce the amount of the gua-
rantee from £1,000,000 to £500,000.

The Fortifications (Provision for Expenses) Bill was read
a second time.

The Bleaching and Dyeing Works Act Extension Bill,
the Turnpike Acts Continuance, &c., Bill, the Portsmouth
Dockyard (Acquisition of Lands) Bill, the Militia Pay Bill,
the Sheriffs' Substitute (Scotland) Bill, and the Bank Notes,
&c., Signature Bill were severally read a third time and
passed.
Several other bills were advanced a stage, and the house
adjourned.

by men of all parties—by the large number of those
who disapprove Mr Chase's financial policy, as well
as by the smaller number )f those who believe that
if he has not done well no other man in America
under the same circumstances could have done much
better—that Mr Chase's resgnation was not accepted
because Mr Lincoln was dissatisfied with the finan-
cial results attained by, with, or in spite of Mr
Chase's management, but iecause Mr Lincoln and
a section of the Cabinet were eager to punish him
for having dared to aspire lo the Presidency, or for
having publicly and privately expressed his con•
tempt for the whole body o! his colleagues.
Mr Fessenden, who has not yet accepted the
perilous honour that the President and the Senate
have conferred upon him, and who is reported to
hesitate very greatly whetter he shall do so, is not
known very extensively as a financier. He is chair-
man of the Finance Committee of the Senate, in
which capacity he has almost invariably lent his
support to the financial policy of Mr Chase. He is
is believed, however, to share the views of Mr.
Thaddeus Stevens, the chairman of the Committee
of Ways and Means in the House of Representa-
tives, on the impolicy of pa3ing the interest of the
public debt in gold. Should he be really infected
with this idea, and attempt to carry it into prac-
tice, it is not difficult to foresee that his financial
career will be even more calamitous than that of
his predecessor. In any case he will be a brave
man if he accept the office, and a fortunate one if
he make bad no worse in conducting it.
In addition to the disquietide caused by the mili.
tary situation and the aspect of affairs in the Cabi-
net, the rapid depletion of the army makes wise
men, as well as timid ones, shake their heads. It is
confessed in both Houses of Congress that the con-
scription of last year is a failure, which has pro-
duced more exempts who have paid commutation
money than soldiers who have done service in the
field. After many debates, during which several
contradictory resolutions have been affirmed, first in
the one house and then in the other, a final decision
has been made, by which a new and, as it is sup.
posed, a better system of forced recruitment has
become law. Mr Lincoln is authorised to call for a
quarter or half a million of volunteers, to serve for
one year, and deal to the rebellion the finishing blow.
If within 60 (some friends of the Government prefer
40) days the volunteers do not present themselves
a draught will take place, in which every man
draughted, whatever his business or profession,
must personally serve or find a substitute; in other
words, the Government will refuse to receive com-
mutation money, and will cease to charge itself with
the trouble of finding substitutes for those to whom
fighting is either disagreeable or inconvenient. The
draughted man must find another man willing to
take his place; and if he has to pay 1,000 dole. or
10,000 dole. to the newly arrived emigrant, the
native-born rowdy, or any other person willing to
take the risks of a soldier's life, it will be a matter
wholly between himself and the substitute. The
price of the raw material of soldiership will rise
and fall according to circumstances, and no longer
be regulated by a Governmental tariff. The unlucky
conscript will pay as little as he can. The intend-
ing substitute will extort as much as he can get.
"Food for powder" will have to be purchased on
free trade principles, and the owners of the commo-
dity will virtually rule the market. Under these
circumstances it will not be improbable if the
Government, which so particularly dreads a popular
outbreak in New York, should take measures
quietly, but effectually, to draught a much larger
number of rich men than of poor, and so keep the
poor in comparative good humour with a system
which nothing can render popular.
Yet in view of the urgent need of the Government
for men to deal " the finishing blow" which it ex-
pects to be struck within a year, it becomes interest-
ing to know whether it actually raised since October
last the 700,000 men it called out during that in-
terval ; and if not, what chance there is of its raising
500,000 at this time. If Mr. Wilson, Chairman of
the Military Committee of the Senate, be accurately
informed, the 700,000 men were positively enrolled
and paid for, at a cost of no less than 125 millions
of dollars. There exists no such force now, or Mr.
Lincoln would not need hada million of new recruits.
Grant's army does not number 200,000, whatever
it might have numbered when he crossed the Rapi-
dan, and it is difficult to see where an addi-
tional 200,000 are to be found if all the forces of
Sherman in Georgia, of Canby, the successor of
Banks in Louisiana, of Wallace in Maryland, of Dix
in New York, and of every other army of occupa-
tion in every part of the States be taken into the
account. If in October last the Federal Govern-
ment had not s single soldier in its service, it would
seem from Mr Wilson's figures, corrected by those
of the existing armies in field or garrison, that in the
short space of nine months the Federal Government
had lost in killed, wounded, and disabled, as well as
in prisoners and deserters, fully 300,000 men. But
as, prior to the levy of this particular 700,000, the
Government had on its own showing fully 500,000
in the field, it will follow, if it have no more than
400,000 at this moment, that it must during these
nine months have lost the services of at least 800,000
men—killed, wounded, disabled, prisoners, deserters,
and soldiers whose term of enlistment had expired,
and who have not been induced by bounty money,
or patriotism, or any other consideration to revolun-
tear into the service. If this be a true computation,
it will abundantly account for the necessity of Mr
Lincoln's new levy. But will the men answer to
the call ? And will money, in default of patriotism,
secure them ? These questions must either be an-
swered in the affirmative by facts, or it will not be
the "rebellion," but the Northern Government,
which will receive the finishing blow, and drift
away into financial collapse and political ruin.

Railway and Other Companies,

RAILWAY BILLS.

Yesterday four comm.ttees of the House of Lords as-
sembled to consider the various bills transmitted from the
House of Commons. The first consisted of Earl Devon
(chairman) and Lords Hawarden, Monson, Abinger, and
Congleton, the bills being those for the London and
Brighton Company's additional powers—Portpatriek Rail-
way, for new works and steamboats—Dublin Trunk Con-
necting Railway, and Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln-
shire Steamboats. Having approved the London and
Brighton Bill, Mr Calvert and Mr Rodwell were heard for
the Portpatrick Railway, and the evidence for the promo-
ters occupied all the sitting. The bill for the Scottish Cen-
tral Railway Company's stations was considered and passed
in a committee of Lords Egerton (chairman) Methuen, De
Manley, Mostyn, and Stewart. The Launceston, Bodmin,
and Wadebridge was also passed, and that for the Teign
Valley subsequently considered. Another committee, con-
sisting of Lords Silchester, chairman, Melville, Seymour,
Inchequin, and 0 verstone had before them the bills for the
Drayton Junction,
St. Helen's, North Staffordshire (New
Works), and Silerdale, Madeley, and Drayton, Cannock
Chase, and Wolverhampton. Mr Denison and Mr
Round having been heard for the promoters of
the Drayton Junction, and Mr Merewether against, for
the London and North-TV'estorn, the committee passed
the bill. Mr C ripps and Mr Bidder were heard for the
Gloucester and Ledbury in Lord Eversley's Com-
mittee, the 'evidence occupying all day. The Worcester
and Dean Forest, and the New Brunswick and Canada Land
were passed in Lord Redesdale's, and the Much Wenloek
and Severn Valley in Mr Massey's Committee.

farmers and others; also to persons on the coast for the con-
veyance of fish and other produce to excellent markets.
Resolutions were unanimously passed in favour of the
proposed line, which was to be constructed at an estimated
cost of £5,500 per mile ; and owing, it was believed, to the
great advantages the line would confer on the districts
through which it was intended to pass, it could not fail to
be remunerative to the proprietors. Local committees were
then formed with a view to obtain the necessary subscrip-
tions for shares and otherwise to promote the success of the
undertaking,