The Sun.
London, England, 1852-01-02 00:00:00

' 'l,

N°. 18,496.]

G
S.
_1852.
,
9.
JANUARY 2,
LONDON,
FRIDAY

PUBLICA TIONS.

Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,
WARBURTON'S NEW NOVEL,
" DARIEN" ; or, TILE MERCHANT PRINCE."
uarien will be read with breathless interest. The vicissitudes
and stirring adventures of the hero, forming suchcteristics a marvellous
episode of real life—the beauty an I striking chara
heroine—and the vein of pathos and romance that pervades the
whole tale, give the book a peculiar and irresistible charm." —United
Service Mag.
Colburn and Co., Publishers, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

mR.

THE PATENT WIRE TYPE COMPANY.
PROVISIONALLY REGISTERED.
, Capital, £30,000 ; in 3,000 Shares of £lO each.
PROVISIONAL DIRECTORS.
Henry Hensman, Esq., C.E. Robert Spinney, Esq., C.E.
R. P. Harding, Esq. J. R. Johnson, Esq.
G. Carter, Esq. Edmund Pullein, Esq.
This Company is formed for the Manufacture of Printing Typo
from hard metals by pressure.
By this new process (which may be seen daily) wire prepared to
the pro-per form and gauge is supplied to a self-acting machine,
which straightens 'it, strikes the letter on the end by a die of
hardened steel, and cuts it off to the required length. The Type thus
produced possess at least 60 times the durability of cast type, and are
made by steam power at the rate of 100 per minute.
The liability of shareholders is limited by deed, which also provides
that a dividen.l of 5 per cent. shall be paid to the shareholders prior
to the patentees receiving any royalty.
For Prospectuses and Shares apply at the temporary offices of the
Company, 1, Guildhall-chambers,

ALMANAC FOR 1852.

CHRONOLOG:

10

Golden Number, or
Lunar Cycle ...
The Epact.........
Solar Cycle ...
Dominical Letter
Julian Period..

THE ANAXYRIDIAN TROWSER.
Herr CAIIAN, the scientific Trowser-cutter, continues his
superior method, by which an elegance of style and fit may be in-
sured in the make of this garment ; supersedes braces, remains
firm to the heel without straps, secures a handsome face over the
instep, and affords a full power of stride and ease in seat, so neces-
sary to equestrians, an improvement not hitherto accomplished.
From 16s. to 255.
At Herr Cahan's, 371, Strand, adjoining Exeter Hall.

January..

February

WTTS'S PATENT BRANDY
may be obtained of all respect Ole spirit dealers in town and
country. in single bottles, protected by the patent metallic capsules ;
and quantities not less than two gallons or one dozen, in jars, at 165.,
and in bottles at 18s. per gallon,
At the DISTILLERY, 7, SMITHFIELD-BARS.
Glass bottles and cases included, and not returnable.

March...

... D C
.. 6555

I 0

CAL NOTES.
Shrove Tuesday.— Feb. 24
Easter Sunday April 11
Holy Thursday May ‘2o'
Whit Sunday....
Trinity Sunday June 6
Advent Sunday.: Nov. 23

April ...,

II

AVIES'S BOTANIC WAX CANDLES, lid.
per lb.; sperm, Is. 10d. and 25.; patent sperm, lid.; British
wax or sperm, Is. 4d. ; German wax, Is. 2d.; fine wax, Is. 5d.;
transparent wax, Is. 4d. and 2s. 2d. ; best wax, 2s. 3d. ; composite,
6 Nd., 9d., and 9%d. ; Palmer's 6%c1.; magnums, Bd. ; mid
size, 7%d.; store candles, 4%41. and sd. ; wax-wick moulds, id. ;
Yellow soap, 445., 505., and 548. per 112 lbs. ; mottled, 56s ;
Windsor soap, is. 4d. per packet; brown Windsor, Is 9d. ; rose,
2s. ; almond, 2s. 6d. Sealing wax, 48. 6d. per lb. Argand, vege-
table. carcelozcolaa ft& per gellona sperrn- oil.' 7e. 6d.;
solar, 3s. 6(1. ; ?ranch'for cash, at DAVIES'S old esta-
blished warehouse, 63, St. Martin's-lane, opposite the Westminster
County Court.

81ay....;

5
12 1;
19 21
26 2;

6 71
13 141
!O 211

July

2 ;
9U
16 1'
23 2,

3 4
,O 11
7 18
!4 25

August

2 3
9 10
.6 17
:3 24
;031

JLne:...

6 7
3 14

3
10
17
2412

4
11
18
25

41 51

4
11
18
25

6
la
20
27

.BL9
26

On Tuesday, January 6, will be published, in Bvo.
ATREATISE on the PRINCIPLES and
PRACTICAL INFLUENCE of TAXATION and the
FUNDING SYSTEM. By J. R. WCULLOCH, Esq. Second
Edition, corrected, enlarged, and greatly improved.
By the same Author, in fcp. Svo., price 3s. Gd ,
A TREATISE en the CIRCUMSTANCES which DETERMINE
the RATE of WAGES and the CONDITION of the LABOURING
CLASSES.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman.

THE ANGLO-CATHOLIC THEORY.
Just published, in fcp. Bvo., price One Shilling,
THE ANGrLO-CATHOLIC THEORY. By
BONAMY PRICE, M.A. Reprinted, with Additions, from
the " Edinburgh Review," No. CXC EL. Oct., 1851.
*,,,* Sir. Price's article on the Anglo-Catholic Theory can now be
had only in the above form, as the number of the " Edinburgh Re-
view" from which it is extracted is out of print.

-... .
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

MR. TATE'S KEY TO 1115 EXERCISES ON MECHANIC 9.
On Tuesday, January 6, will be published, in 12mo. with Woodcuts,
KEY to 'PATE'g EXERCISES OH MECHA-
NICS and NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. Containing full
solutions to all the unworked Examples and Problems. By
THOMAS TATE, F.R.A.S., of Kneller Training College, Twick-
enham.

By the same Author,
EXERCISES on MECHANICS and NATURAL PHILOSOPHY;
or, an Easy Introduction to Engineering. New Edition. 12mo.
with Woodcuts, price 2s.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

3PCIILLOCIPA COMMERCIAL DICTIONARY.
To-morrow will be published, in One large Bvo. Volume of above
1,500 closely-printed pages, with Maps and Plans, price 505.; or
555. strongly half-bound in Russia, a New Edition of a
DICTIONARY, PRACTICAL, THEORETI-
CAL, and HIS rORICAL, of COMMERCE and COM-
MEIWI 4L NAVIGATION. By J. R. M'CULLOCII, Esq. New
Edition, corrected to the Present Time : With a Supplement.

*** The Supplement to the last Edition (published in 1850) may
be had separately, price 4s. Gd. sewed.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

THE 126th Number of the HYGEIST and
MEDICAL REFORMER, for January, contains the General
Report of the British College of Health for the (past year—Death of
Prlessnitz, author of the Water Cure, with Observations—Proposed
Monument to James Morison, the Hygeist—The London Dissecting
Rooms—Blood-letting—Reign of Terror by Poison in France—Fatal
Soothing Syrups, from " Dickens' Household Words," &c. &c.
Office, 368, Strand. Price Id., or 2d. by post. May also be had
at the British College of Health, New-road, London, and of all the
agents for the sale of Morison's Vegetable Universal Medicine
throughout the country.

AA
A few nights back, in health and spirits prime,
'went to rest about my usual time,
Nor did the clock a dozen minutes number,
Before I sank into a peaceful slumber.
And while I thus reposed upon my bed,
A sound of music floated round my head ;
For, understand, although I was asleep,
Some little consciousness I seemed to keep ;
So, when I heard the music, soft and sweet,
I knew the Christmas waits were in the street.
I listened to their strains in various modes,
And f ndly thought of Pope's and Dryden's Odes,
In which, by either poet, we are told,
Of what the famed musicians did of old ;
And while I heard the music of the waits,
I pictured harpers at the castle gates,
many And
Till nuse sat
efeopnodd riao me antica dso co epne er
doze.a o se,
in
A curious dream then came across my mind,
Original and novel in its kind :
Methought that lIYAM was desired to call
On Father Christmas at his ancient hall;
The object of the visit was not stated,
And nothing in the least was intimated,
Yet HYAM, from his manner, seemed to guess
Some special ref'rence with regard to dress,
And making up his mind without delay,
Ide called on Christmas on the appointed day.
The abode of Father Christmas was a pile
Precisely in the old baronial style ;
A noble English mansion did it seem,
And much did it delight me in my dream.
Thick on its lawn the holly bushes grew,
The smiling mistletoe and myrtle, too,
While verdant bays and laurel boughs were seen
And found the "festive father" in his prime ;
ITioy \A- amr y pleasingly
arrived t
preciselyhe winteri
sg
trieme
Ills
ago.
r hey were
obrrof
\e t,, hhiasndr echeeksd
yearswere
full of glow,
Just
" Good morning, sir (said Christmas), how d'ye do "
e st
"Good morning, sir (said HYAM), how are you ?"
And thus the usual compliments were passed,
Till business things were introduced at last.
" I sent for you (said Christmas), to enquire
What stock you have of gentlemen's attire
I'm rather anxious, Sir, for your reply,
As Christmas time is now so very nigh,
A few more days, and we shall find it here,
With all its happiness and social cheer;
And I'm ambitious (said the good old sire)
Of seeing all appear in good attire.
A sumptuous feast is very well, I know,
And glad I am my subjects find it so :
I love the feast, the holly, and the log—
But what are these without a change of tog ?'
While we're attending to the inner man,
We ought to mind the outward all we can.
And, therefore, Mr. ILYA VI, do I ask,
How you, this season, have performed your task ?
I scarcely have a doubt (continued he),
That what you've done will be approved by me ;
But notwithstanding this, I wish to hear
What you've performed in your extensive sphere ?"
Here Christmas paused—nor need I tell you why,
Ile merely paused, awaiting a reply.
" Father (said lIYAM, with respectful bow),
If I was ever honoured, it is now ;
And I'm prepared, without one if or but,'
To answer every question you have put.
The preparations I have made (said lIYAM),
Will satisfy the multitudes that try 'em.
All kinds of Christmas dress—designed anew,
At my Establishment are brought to view.
I've winter wrappers, good in make and cloth,
Fit to defy the winter's utmost wrath.
Such over-coats as those which I've in store
Are better than were ever made before.
I've dress (said HYAM), in the various styles,
And first-rate suits for youths and juveniles ;
There's in which I've been remiss
'Ahte
suchnot
atiratehoitr holidays as this,
And, Sir, (said IIYAISI), I would have you know
That all my goods are s ld extremely low.
Economy has ever been my law,
And from this rule I never will withdraw."
" Hear, hear (said Christmas, rising from his chair),
That's famous, Mr. HYAM, I declare.
I wish you much success, nor do I doubt
That thousands will by you be well-rigg'd out.
I'll not omit to recommend your dress
To all my friends—l can't, in fact, do less.
I find that you adopt the very way
To realise success—good day—good day."
Here both shook hands, and bid a warm adieu,
Well pleased, of course, with such an intervieW.
And finding matters come to this decision,
I felt so happy that I lost my vision ;
But, should I have another, you shall know it,
For I'm a most communicative poet.

WARM BATHS, ONE SHILLING EACH.
Twenty-Ave Transferable Tickets, One Guinea. 10, Argyll-
place, Regent-street, and 5, New Broad-street, City. Vapour, Sul-
phur, Shampooing, and Ilarrowgate Baths always ready. Portable
Warm Baths sent out within ten miles of London, with Hot Linen,
&c.: the Bath, ss. ; distance, Is. per mile.

PATRON—H. R. H. PRINCE ALBERT.
ICtOYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
Lecture by George Barker, Esq., on the Ballad Music of Eng-
land, commencing with his celebrated Entertainment, " An English
Christmas," every evening for a fortnight, except Saturday, at Eight
o'clock.—Lecture by J. 11. Pepper, Esq., en Ward's New Sub-
marine Lamp.—Lecture by Dr. Bachhoffner on the Philosophy of
Scientific Recreation.—Numerous Prize Models, Works of Art, &c.,
from the Great Exhibition will be explained by Mr. Cris pe.—Opti-
cal Effects in Dissolving Views, Microscope, Chromatrope, &c,—
Diver and Diving Bell, &c., &c.
Admission, Is.; schools and Children under Ten years of age,
Hail-price.
Open daily from Eleven to Five. and every Evening, except Sa-
turday, trout seven till Half-past. Ten.
_ _ _

PATRON—II. R. 11. PRINCE ALBERT.
ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
ANNUAL SUBSCRIBERS, HOLDERS of FAMILY
TICKETS, and SUBSCRI3ERS to the READING ROOMS, 5,
Cavendish square, are invited to inspect the VALUABLE DEPOSITS
from the GREAT EXHIBITION, just added, to many Of which
Medals have been awarded.

LAURENT'S CASINO.
ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street,
St. James's, is OPEN every Evening for the Winter season.
Laurent's well-known and celebrated Band, principal Cornet-a-
Piston, M. Boulcourt. The New Redowa every night at Eleven
o'clock.
During the recess the Rooms have been re-decorated, and many
Improvements made, under the sole direction of Mr. G. F. Bryer.
Doors open at Hal f-past Eight, to commence at Nine o'clock.
Admission—ONE SHILLING.

SEASONABLE FESTIVITIES.
At this festive period of the year the following unrivalled dis-
coveries for the TOILET are called into increased requisition,
namely—

ROWLANDS' MACASSAR OIL,
for creating and sustaining a luxuriant head of hair,
ROWLANDS' KALYDOR,
for rendering the Skin soft, fair, and blooming.
ROWLANDW ODONTO ; or, PEARL DENTIFRICE,
for imparting a pearl-like whiteness to the Teeth, and
ROWLANDS' AQUA D'ORO,
a fragrant and spirituous Perfume, an essential accompaniment to
places of public amusement and crowded assemblies.
Beware of Spurious Imitations.
The only Genuine of each bears them ame of " Rowlands' " pre-
ceding that of the Article on the Wrapp or Label.
Sold by A. Rowland and Sons, 20, Batton-garden, London, and by
Chemists and Perfumers.

U BARRY'S HE AL TH-RESTORING
FOOD FOR INVALIDS AND INFANTS.
The REVALENTA ARABIC A. FOOD is the only natural, plea-
sant, and effectual remedy (without medicine, purging, inconveni-
ence, or expense, as it saves fifty times its value in other means of
cure) for all nervous, stomachic, intestinal, liver, and bilious com-
plaints, however deeply rooted, dyspepsia (indigestion), habitual
constipation, hremorrhoidal affections, diarrhoea, acidity, heartburn,
flatulency, oppression, rheumatism, gout, cough, asthma, dropsy,
headachs, giddiness, congestion of the brain, noises in the head and
ears, distension, palpitation, eruptions of the skin, impurities and po-
verty of the blood, sinking, sickness at the stomach during preg-
nancy, at sea, and under all circumstances, debility in the aged as well
as in'ants, depression, irritability, wasting away,fits, spasms, cramps,
inflammation and ulceration of the stomach, angina pectoris, fevers,
scurvy, paralysis, Ike. The best food for infants and invalids generally,
goodas it i
neLerra ti user,ur turns
our acid iiil,pha:tc a healthyeakest
stomach,relishnfoorr
iiuniteerhfearneds wdinner.itha
and r, stores the faculty of digestion and nervous aua muscular energy
to the most enfeebled. The only remedy which has obtained bO,OOO
testimonials of cures of the above aid other complaints, many of
which had resisted all other modes of treatment, and been aban-
doned as incurable.

A few out of 50,000 cures are here given :
Cure No. 47,121.
" Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of Nazing Vicarage, Waltham-cross,
llerts a cure of extreme nervousness, indigestion,gatherings, low
spirits, and nervous fancies."
Cure No. 48,314.
"Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateacre, near Liverpool, a cure of ten
years' dyspepsia, and all the horrors of nervous irritability."
Cure No. 71. of Dyspepsia; from tke Right Hon. the Lerd Stuart
De Decies.
" I have derived considerable benefit from Du Barry's Revalenta
Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to
authorise the publication of these lines.
" STUART DE DECIES."

Cure 49,832.
" Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness,
asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness at the
stomach, and vomitings, have been removed by Du Barry's excel-
lent food.
" MARIA JOLLY WORTIIAM, Ling, near Dies, Norfolk."
In canisters, suitably packed for all climates, and with full instruc-
tions-11b., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 4s. 6d. ; 51b., 1 le.; 121 b., 225.; super-
reOned, bib., 225.,-101b., 335. The 101 b. and 121 b. carriage free on
receipt of post-office order. —Da Barry and Co., 127, New Bond-
street, London ; Fortnum, Mason, and Co., purveyors to her Ma-
jesty, Piccadilly; Hedges and Butler, Regent-street ; North and Co. ;
Crosse and Blackwell; Petty, Wood, and Co , 13, King William-street,
City ; also at 60, Gracechurch-street ; 49, Bishopsgate-street Within;
4, Cheapside ; 330 and 451, Strand ; 5, Eccleston-street ; 5, Curzon-
street, Mayfair ; Gunter, corner of Motcomb-street ; 54, Upper Baker-
street s at the Post-office, Camden-town ; 24, Motcomb-street ; and
through all respectable Grocers and Chemists.
Caution—Beware of Spurious and Injurious Imitations under
closely similar names.

W. CU LVERWE LL'S NEW WORKS.
To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho,
147, Fleet-street; Manx, 39, Cornhill ; or direct from the author ;
price One Shilling each ; by post, Is. Gd.
ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.
"Health, Eecreation, and Rational Use of Time."
CONTENTS :—Early Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings —Ex-
cursions about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills,
Forests, Fields, High-roads, and other pleasant places—Country
Trips and Raral4les—The Sea—London at Night—Evenings at Home
—Music —The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, gleeping, Bathing
Air, Rest, Ease, Occupation, &c., &c.
II
FRAGMENTS FROM THE MOUNTAINS.
Vol. I.
VISIT TO THE LAKES ; SKETCH OF EDINBURGH, &c,

L. lIYAIII and Co. beg distinctly to state that goods made by
them can only be obtained at their places of business, 36, Grace-
church-street, and 86,-0)11°rd-street ;. and at their various establish-
ments in the following towns :—Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool,
Leeds, Glasgow, Mull, Dublin, Bristol, and Exeter.

Tive Vols.

Pol. 11.
THE LAKES OF KILL IRNET ; REMINISCENCES OF
DUBLIN, &c.
WIIA.T TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID,
" That three score years and ten our course may ran."
A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner-
roe ly-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that harasses
the young, besets the man of pleasure, business, or study, and em-
bitters old ace ; with tables and rules for the diet and physical rep
lation of every-day life.

I!.
THIS PASSIONS.
"What passions hurt the body—what improve,
Truths as refined as Athens ever heard."
Sus:-sex :—Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The ad
vent of the passions. Chastity and its infringements. The casual
ties of licentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations graphic, nar
rative, and rememative. Advocacy or early marriages.

THE MARRIAGE STATE.
"To be or not to be, that is the question."
_ _

PROGRAMME :—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and reli-
gion regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and
choice, on both lidos, as to ago, temperament, complexion, and
figure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them.
Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.
Cases, &c.
By R. 3. ClTLVERWyEela,rls43Mi?d.Dic.al(laBn4la),FlSoir.eßnE.,Civc.Senit.ings2,2e7selth,vLetn.hSe.tillAse.
(1824). Twenty-five
smiantaters.lo RArecueputifuniacheoultseadenalatreetillt.Five.

THE SILENT FRIEND.
IN SIX LANGUAGES—FORTIETH EDITION.
CONTAINING THE REMEDY FOR PREVENTIO2I OF DISEASE.
Illustrated by One Hundred Anatomical Coloured Engravings.
ON PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCA-
PACITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
A. New Edition, enlarged to 196
the Establishment, 6d. in stamps.
pages, price 2s. 6d. by post, from
THE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
the exhaustion and physical decay of the system, produced by
excessive indulgence, the consequences of infection, or the abuse of
mercury, with directions for the use of the preventive lotion, fol-
lowed by observations en Marriage, ana the dieptaliflcations which
prevent it. Illustrated by 100 Coloured Engravings. By R. and L.
PERRY and CO., Consulting Surgeons, 19, Berners-street, Oxford-
street, London. Sold by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row ; Hannay,
63, and Sanger. 150. Oxford-street ; Gordon,l46, Leadenhall-street ;
Barclay, 95, Farringdon-street ; W. Sutton, 10, Bow Church-yard ;
W. Edwards, 67, St. Paul's Church-yard ; Butler, 4, Cheapside ; R.
Johnson, 68, Cornhill ; and Simpkin, Stationers' Hall-court.
PART I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive
organs, and is illustrated by 28 Coloured Engravings.
PART It. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive in-
dulgence, and their lamentable effects on tho system, producing
mental and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative
lampacity. Illustrated by 10 Explanatory Engravings.
PART M. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
tie primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatment. This section is illustrated by 62 Coloured Engrav-
ings.

Pa= IV. contains a Remedy for the Prevention of Disease by a
si nple application, by which the danger of infection is obviated.
Palm V.is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its do-
ti -a. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and the
whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into.
THE Comma. BALM or, Srahieux is exclusively employed in
t !eating nervous and sexual debility, impotence, &c., 1 ls. and 38s.
par bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic
remedy, for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary
symptoms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, 1 ls. and 335. per
Ferry's
Purifying
edy for gonorrhoea, glet, stricture, and
Specific Pills, 23. 9d., 4s. 6d., and I Is.
of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter,
inflammation
of the case is required: age, habits, and posi-
tion 51. Packets, with advice, to be had at the Rata-
tpci
it;rrn bottle.
oibiocx .minutez ea, e
tr
y
blisknient oialy, by which the fee, 11., is saved. Messrs. Terry,
S argeons,
are in attendance, daily, at 19, Pullers-street, Oxford-
street, London, from Eleven till Two, and Five to Elsht On Sun-
days from Eleven to Oue

6
13
20
27

1s
'l3
20
27

Septeml

5
12
19
I 26

6
13
20,
271

!October.,

7
14'
,21
(28

4
11!
181
251

5,
12
119
1261

3
10
17
-24

1 Novenil

THE COMMERCIAL YEAR.

8 9
5 16
!2 231

MONEY MARKET AND CITY INTELLIGENCE.
After four most remarkable years in commercial
history, 1851 was to be distinguished solely by the
Great Exhibition. The mercantile failures of 1847,
the political convulsions of 1848, the realized wonders
of California in 1849, and the unprecedented exten-
sion of trading activity in 1850 bad exhausted every
other anticipation. But instead, it has combined
in its short passage a renewal more or less of all the
striking events that seemed crowded upon us even
when they were spread through these periods ; and
the Exhihition, although its results still tower over
everything, and will become grander with time, is
already looked upon as so far removed that its date
might seem three years as easily as three months ago.
At the commencement of January the stock of
bullion in the Bank was lower than at any period in
the preceding year, the expectation that gold would
be put out of circulation in France having caused
funds to be withdrawn from England for coinage
while yet practicable at the Paris Mint. A re- action,
however, soon took place, and Consols, which on the
Ist were at 961, exhibited a tendency to renewed firm-
ness. French politics at that time were almost the only
source of uneasiness, and on the 6th the resignation of
the Ministry, followed by the appointment of M.
Drouyn de Lhuys and the dismissal of General Chan-
garnier from his double command of the National
Guard and the army of Paris, caused some fluctua-
tions. In a few days the new Cabinet were defeated
in the Assembly, by a majority of 139, and a " transi-
tion" Ministry, consisting altogether of unknown men,
took their places. At home there were no events of
importance. On the 9th, the first steamer of the new
Brazil line left Southampton. The accounts from
California, both with regard to gold and quick-
silver, continued to excite attention, and all over the
continent there was an absurd restlessness for legis-
lative alterations of the standard of value. Russia
prohibited the export of silver, Holland was endea-
vouring to sell the gold she had already replaced by
notes, and even Spain, in the midst of her
financial leprosy, thought it necessary to put
French 20-franc pieces, which had hitherto been a
legal tender, out of circulation. It was re-
served for Portugal, however, in the last petty
stage of her insolvency to manifest the greatest appre-
hension of a deluge of the precious metal, and during
a panic at Lisbon gold coins were actually sold at a
discount of 5 per cent., while a law was introduced to
place a high duty on the export of silver. On the
15th news was received of the sudden disgrace of
General Narvaez, followed by the appointment of
Senor Bravo Murillo, a statesmen destined in the
course of a few months to achieve all the discredit
for his country that yet remained possible. On the
24th a guaranteed loan of 70,0001. for British Guiana
was issued at the Treasury. The rate of interest was
4 per cent., the principal being redeemable in 1870,
and it was taken at 105. On the 25th the resolutions
of the French Monetary Commission were made
known, to the effect that the late movements in the
relative prices of gold and silver had been influenced
by accidental circumstances, and that a change in the
legal tender would be inexpedient without further
information as to the production both in Russia and
California. On the 4th of February the opening
of Parliament took place, and domestic affairs oc-
cupied attention, the only points in connexion with
foreign proceedings being the announcement of the
scheme for the settlement and partial confiscation of
the Spanish debt, and the rejection by 396 to 294 of
the proposed dotation of 1,800,000 f. to Louis Napoleon.
In the early part of the month, the shipping interest
suffered inconvenience from a strike of the seamen at
Shields against the Mercantile Marine Act, until it
was terminated by a suspension of some of the articles
to which they objected. The budget of the Chancellor
of the Exchequer was produced on the 17th. The
surplus for the past year was shown to have reached
2,521,0001., instead of only 1,500,0001., and for the
coming year the income was estimated at 52,140,0001.
and the expenditure at 50,247,0001., the excess being
1,893,0001. Under these circumstances it was pro-
posed to substitute a house tax for the window-tax
(the loss on balance being 701,0001.); to equalize the
coffee duties, hitherto 61. per lb. on foreign, and 4d.
on British, to 33. per lb. on both ; to repeal half the
timber duties and abolish the duty on clover seeds.
The surplus would thus be brought down to 962,0001,
which was to be applied to the reduction of the Na-
tional Debt. The proposal, however, to renew the
income-tax for three years, without the slightest at-
tempt to adjust it equitably, raised a storm equal to
that which had been occasioned three years before,
when Sir Charles Wood nut only &alai:Wed It. re-
newal, but attempted to increase it to 5 per cent.
The clumsy details of the budget in other respects
also excited the most unfavourable criticism. Pre-
viously to this the Ministers had escaped by a narrow
majority on a resolution on agricultural distress ;
they were subsequently beaten by 100 against 52 on
Mr. Locke King's motion for an extension of the
franchise • and the Irish Members, in consequence of
the Papalßill, had declared they would vote against
them in everything. Nevertheless, the impression was
that all would be taken quietly, owing to the Exhi-
bition. On the 21st, however, to the astonishment of
all parties, Lord John Russell resigned. At the
commencement of March the uncertainties of
the political crisis still continued ; but on the 3d
Ministers announced their resumption of office, Lord
Stanley having been twice summoned to form a
Cabinet (the last time with full powers and opportu-
nities), and having wholly failed. During all this
time the indifference of the public was indicated by
the steadiness of the funds. Lord Stanley had inti-
mated his policy to be a "small" duty on wheat, the
removal of the income-tax, and a more stringent
Papal Bill, and the choice lay between these and the
obnoxious finance measures of the Chancellor of the
Exchequer. On the 6th, news arrived of the fresh
war at the Cape, commenced by a sudden attack on
the outlying villages and the massacre of the military
settlers; and this, with the second reading of the
Papal Bill by a majority of 438 against 95, consti-
tuted the chief events of the month. Tee Ministers
continued to receive constant defeats on minor ques-
tions, and the session, which was to have been more
condensed than any previous one, threatened to be
unusually prolonged.
In April the Budget, slightly modified, was again
brought forward, and was now submitted to. The
dismissal of the transition Ministry at Paris, and the
construction of a new ono by M. I,6ea Faucher,
caused little sensation. Intelligence also of Marshal
Saldanha's insurrection in Portugal was received with
indifference, the incurable dishonesty of the Govern-
ment in its dealings with its foreign creditors having
c'oitroyed all interest in its fate. The opening of a
new steam route from Lowestoft to the Danish port
of Hjerting, and the publication of the treaty of com-
merce with Sardinia, were regarded with gratifica-
tion. It was also announced that the British Govern-
ment had promised to guarantee a loan of 5,000,0001.
for the Halifax and Quebec Railway, whenever the
Legislatures of the three provinces through which it
would pass could agree upon their respective shares.
Meanwhile there might be hope that the undertaking
would be deferred until it could be carried out by the
more healthy means of private enterprise. During
this month the Committee for Reform of the Board
of Customs issued a circular to the mercantile firms
throughout the country, calling for suggestions and
information, and the appeal was answered by a series
of cases showing the existence of arbitrary and vexa-
tious impediments to commerce which could hardly
be surpassed at Java or Siam. The extinction of
Smithfield Market was voted by 230 against 65. As
the time for the world's fair approached, the effect it
would produce on the currency was discussed, as also
the exaggerated anticipations of its benefit to railway
s e
ps
puee
srn
nn.
ss
egel v
oe
never
tyfrf
property. It was argued that the influx of specie
from
of
from the visits of foreigners would be counterw...e
by the extra demand for circulation at bowel.;
.1311 !
with respect to railways, no proof bad been
of any possible results that could warrant the ri o
At length,
40 or 50 per cent. that had taken place.
on the Ist of May, with the successful
the Exhibition, there was a univedrsalerha
.after wards,
and gratitude, such as till then ha
been realised by any nation. Three daysP
the third anniversary of the declaration of the
French Republic caused s?me. anxiety, but
with a drenching rain and 100,000. troops
quietly.. During this month
everything passed off
the shortest passage ever made across the Atlantic
was accomplished by the American steamer Pacific,
the time having been nine days and twenty hours.
The Government were defeated by Mr. Hume on the
income-tax, and were obliged to take it for one year
instead of three. A deputation to the Chancellor of
the Exchequer to urge the repeal of the receipt stamp
tax, which is virtually becoming obsolete, or the sub-
stitution of a uniform stamp of a penny, ended appa-
rently in little else than loss of time. The decline in
cotton, which since March had produced the greatest
anxiety at Liverpool, was now followed by a series of
disastrous failures. Railway shares also experienced
a heavy fall. In June the results of the decennial
census showed a total population for Great Britain of
20,919,431, being an increase of little more than 12
per cent. since the last return, while for Ireland the
total was 6,500 000, being a crease of 20 per cent.
On the 20,h Lord Stanley made his attach on free
navigation. A proposition for a repeal of half the
malt-tax was negatived in the House of Commons by
76 against 31, and in the French Assembly a mode-

4
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December,

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[PRICE SD.

rate and rational motion in favour of free trade, by
M. St. Beuve, was thrown out by 428 against 199.
The second half of the year opened with a Royal
visit to the City (postponed, however, from the 2d of
July to the 9th, owing to the anniversary of the death
of Sir Robert Peel). On the 4th the declaration of
American independence was for the first time com-
memorated by an international celebration. In the
House of Commons the Government continued to
receive decided defeats on various subordinate ques-
tions. The quarter's revenue on the sth already
indicated the probability of a considerable surplus
beyond the estimate for the current year, the dimi-
nution as compared with the same quarter of 1850
being only 34,417/. A Sardinian five per cent. loan
for 3,600000/. was introduced at 85, but the price
was too high, according to the quotations of similar
t o
m
stock on the Paris Bourse, and after having been
done at one-quarter premium it rapidly declined to
three or four per cent. discount. A Parliamentary
report on postal communication with India recom-
commence in December, 1852, but no notice was
new
issued. On the 22d, the news that the revision
of en
the French animmediate
ied
Constitutioniate
had for
been
voted ty an
insufficient majority produced
a slight heavi-
ness in the funds. During the entire month there
was a depression in railway shares, amounting almost
to a panic. August was distinguished by the fetes
given by the City of Paris to the Corporation ,of
London. On the Bth, Parliament, whose proceedings
bad long ceased to attract the slightest interest, was
prorogued. The failure of Castelli and Co. for
200,0001. on the 16th, followed most unexpectedly by
that of Rucker and Sons on the 25th, for 400,000/.
created considerable anxiety, and all weak houses,
both at London and Liverpool, supposed to be inte-
rested, as these had been, in cotton or colonial produce
were looked upon with distrust. On the 221 the
yacht America achieved her triumph at Cowes. The
successful opening of the Nicaragua route from the
Atlantic to the Pacific had been beard of a few weeks
previously. From Alexandria intelligence arrived
of the conclusion of the contract for the Egyptian
railway to be completed to Cairo in two years.
A Government report on the progress of Ireland
showed notwithstanding the rush of emigra-
tion that there had been an increase of cultivation
during the past year..to the extent of 214,000 acres,
and of live stock to the value of 1,230,000/. In
September the gold news from Australia and the at-
tack upon Cuba engrossed universal attention. The
accounts from Sydney first appeared on the 3d, and
about a fortnight afterwards the Government adver-
tised for a screw steamer to the colony every two
months, at the rate of 8} knots. For the black set-
tlements, however, between Sierra Leone and Fer-
nando Po, according to an advertisement a few days
previously, a monthly service was deemed essential.
The details of the landing at Cuba, the capture and
execution of 50 Americans, the flight of the Spanish
Consul from New Orleans, and the ignominious
death of Lopez, all came in rapid succession. About
the middle of the month the Austrian loan of
8,500,0001. was announced, and proved a failure.
By threats and artificial contrivances, however, the
amount was nominally obtained. The French and
also the English funds were at this time again in-
fluenced by speculations, based on positive assertions
of an approaching coup d'itat. There were several
arrivals of gold from Russia and a constant influx
from New York. The English harvest was ascer-
tained to be good, while in the north of Europe it
was deficient. _ _

In October the revenue returns were again favour-
able, and showed even an excess over the correspond-
ing period of 1850, but congratulations were damped
by the Kafir war. On the 7th the visitors to the Ex-
hibition reached their highest number, 109,915, and
the receipts were 5,2831. Four days afterwards the
building was closed to the public, and on the 15th the
final ceremony took place. The failure of the Mon-
mouthshire and Glamorganshire Banking Company
with liabilities for 583,0001., followed by that of the
Monmouthshire Old Bank, increased the uneasiness
with regard to the position of business which more or
less seemed to characterise the whole year. The stop-
page of various firms in London, Liverpool, and Glas-
gow also continued to be reported from time to time.
On the 15th news was received of the resignation of
the French Ministry without any explanation ; on
the 231 Kossuth arrived at Southampton ; and on
the 27th, at Paris, M. de Thorigny was announced
to have formed a new Cabinet, the uninfluen-
tial character of which caused an immediate
decline on the Bourse. At the commence-
ment of November the President's meesaere was
delivered to the National Assembly, and the new
Ministry were beaten immediately afterwards. The
13th vs as marked by two events likely to exercise
singular influences—the permanent opening of the
submarine telegraph and the St. Petersburgh and
Moscow Railway. On the 18th the King of Hanover
died, and it was known in London on the same day.
On the 21st the Sunderland Joint-Stock Banking
Company suspended, with liabilities for 75,2051.
Like the Monmouthshire and Glamorganshire Bank,
it had been suspected for years, but its creditors,
rendered careless by the law of partnership, saw no
necessity for vigilance. During this month the Bourse
at Vienna was kept in a state of siege, and the pre-
servation of the balance of trade and the stability of
public credit was confided to six gendarmes. The
subsidence of a short but severe monetary crisis at
New York caused a renewal of the shipments of
gold, which had been temporarily stopped. The
accounts from California were every fortnight
more decisive, and there was a sudden mania for
Quartz-mining Companies, which scarcely extended,
however, beyond the Stock Exchange. With De-
cember came the new French Revolution. On the
morning of the 2d, while it was yet in progress, and
almost before the majority of the inhabitants of Paris
knew anything of what was going on, the intelligence
of its first steps was published in the London paper!.
For three days the excitement was as intense as in
February, 1848 ; but the evidence that the adhesion
to the new Power would be as eager and servile as at
that period brought the whole affair to an end, as far
as concerned any possible interest in the immediate
fate of the people or their ruler. The English funds
declined 24 per cent., but subsequently recovered;
while in Paris there was an ultimate improvement ( f
more than 10 per cent. On the same day as the French
coup detat the annual Message was delivered by the
President of the United States. A power ful meeting
on Customs reform led to a deputation to the Premier,
who, although Member for London, seemed more
anxious to palliate than to remedyithe com-
plained of. Intelligence of the raisng of the fine
years' seige at Montevideo gave hopes of a new order
of things in the River Plate. Treaties
commerce
aties of
0
and navigation with Belgium andthaeS_aonhdrw.iaenhd!ase-.
lands were published. A new Prussia
n
Half per Cent. Loan of 2,400,0001.
Iwas issued at
pßeerr 1 icne
nat t par,
n
On the 24th the
Debentures n
London
were 400
negotiated at 103, and
afterwards quoted at 2 premium. ,00. Canada Six
retirement of Lord Palmerston took every - ,
one by
surprise, and in the midst of the singular conjectures
to which that act gave rise the year has
reached its
termination.
Throughout the whole period the extreme range
n - -
of Consols, which was per cent in 1848, 8 per
cent. in 1849, and 34
Per cent, in 1850, has
been
again 3i.per cent., and the closing price to-day (Dec.
31,) is a little higher thaw on the Ist of January. In
Railway Shares, the fluctuations have as s u ual been
violent, but the quotations now show an improve-
ment. In United States securities there has been
much firmness and a further general advance, ranging
from I to 10 per cent. The Bank bullion on the
Ist of January was 14,830, 000/. - it had receded to
13,253,0001. on the Ist of May, and it is now
17,413,0001., being 133,0001. in excess of the highest
sum ever reached. At the Bank of France the total
at the beginning of the year was 18,840,0001.; in
September it was 25,000,0001., and it has since
declined to 22,750,0001. Wheat has shown fluctua-
tions, but closes steadily, although the quantities en-
tered during the year, according to the latest returns,
have been 3,519,134 quarters, against 3,110,451
quarters in the same period of 1850 ; while of flour
the total has been 4,702,217 cwts., against 2,796,162.
The average price or, the let of January was 38s. 3d.;
it reached 435. Gd. in Jelly, declined to 355. Gd. in
October, and is now 38s. 7d. Cotton began at Bd.,
touched SW. in July, and is now a little over Gd.
The Board of Trade tables thus far show an increase
in the declared value of our aggregate exportations of
3,087,8501.
A year of greater anomalies has never been wit-
nessed. To the mass of the people it has been the
most prosperous upon record, while to the mercantile
classes, owing to their having speculated for rising
prices in the face of increased production and cheaper
transit, it has been chequered by anxiety end pro-
longed losses. The confident activity of 1850 has
been mingled in a modified degree with the constantly
recurring failures of 1847. With the triumphs of
the Exhibition we have been distanced at sea—the
region of our greatest pride. We have seen our
treasure wasted in a Kafir war at the Cape, and have
had a second California opened to us in Newt out.
Wales. With party warfare almost extinct, . li-
nistry have been once forced to resign, and have since
been unable to avoid a crisis ; and, finally, after
having welcomed all the nations to a commercial ga-
thering, we find ourselves practically alone, and our