The Sun.
London, England, 1852-03-10 00:00:00

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perafes attempts to save its credit by making out that
~--•
~:e-,. I ! tlwegh, as appears by its oen pages, Lord Derby had
`steas aeAsa
,se a ~ ,: -., 3CL Lilly session be h2s
.
'lea t ii -see f c• !sole eqaarceet fa 1 '
"Ny :i ,
: , r I 1,; . 3,,r
. -• ' ' ;lea,: ei i .1, laisliiife- I first ,p‘d:ii . this
.;,,,, ~,, at Eh,. timereel' 'in ,' - I .
aa- , •.•. • - .
/ . ~• -
caiiy oeposita s,nso. Again, heleate
,/,:eecegiacaae,
• . , , who always leashes things. to. extremes,, as-seatjag that
eseee,seseseee the new Ministers will be " the meanest of men, and the'
mest'profileatte of 'statesmen,"iinlesa' they make a fight
for a corn-saw; which, merely means that:he wants teem .
to do so,- and will pique them todteif he Can. Now,
when your worst enemy wants yorate do h thing, it is
' eesese;seaeisseeses. time to doubt whether it is for your
,advantage. At the
" 16,731/. 16s. 30. present 'moment nothing will give more 'annoyance to
ticins," have co,
on a, the rather factious noblemen and gentlemen now goading
reholde
the,
,CetuserVsaives' to their retie, than'thet the egriCal-
rs
,mber, 1843," is , turisti.anctoher interests late'. Yexpdael teallepperation
their'
of free trade should release their representatives from
on leans ane
13,200/. 39. t. (I;t',. tietikiiilabiblii ' inem:its'try.4 ,Eftbal? fornO9Bie
ave - • . ieu: :a.,e a ea . ei.• '
bilk- =Mose represeatitiiii 'Mai' then go something, as
eta Ist April; lb
they undoubeeea
e y_ fele,. ,ie ;key( ,pap;,•l4;toi,ii they enter
Parliament all ticketed, wit% pledges, they will simply
Iva that the .
cOilthe past ha, it- ti'lidirai Ikrieta fbr, ihe with.
• eR ' fn .Tleitioll; 'iiiih ou s
Hein or& is a" 4, ..- ..r.-- -..-,..• 1
,r,- r . •
'nolbding rates' • .e... e ,us °relax:teaime, 1 -eet 'fence,e
DAILX Al . SiSeeTle4, " t iaetiele-- ''' -a:iidie elle • half year's b. ginecrs and their em I' st
--Pyle°
' close.
44,565/. Is. 3a. Upwards of :abbla - . Po'fr:dfi., sera; drawing. PP'a•
'/. ls. Bd., ani te • - • • . 1$ oasemen-, itieeepiera leeee opted
confession that already., tom® ei-0:07004'." : "eat
the terms offered V ' en; aa' re, lead- me:We' 1 profit upon it.
total 'profit t, the Amalganiated sod
revs Ball
have Ikea ''afitiorbed by the
contest attests. the revel ealla e- ' .y.
44 ten o the means for
ery4ast input carrying en the war. NO neb-
e _
ee. •., The laws of society, if allows;} f
er result could be expeeted.
`a ' match for the' artificial
the' fuersnOf
free action„ will ever in
l'revene the Milk rail be iseord than
amount
7 , e • combinations which selfishness eorl'eihnitli°!cpee may
AmalgematiferSociety. -lias:7--u-gi-t
cle-
'" '• 5: Vise to emitter thenlV Free little
7,... order of things,-spontaneously. dueleVittiertriii
't" entire freedom, here as eeseipwlaere : 'else 5V511.6'-'•`,,,e,,,,J• to
The
the ,world,3
roirintlitetcrrert"re ~..avYi.th• the natural course of-
and will be beaten; for it has long been obvious that
it is no, . emaaciPating move; no Vindication ,
of the
liberty
:of the yeeelicattu caipq qrannical and selfish
restrictions imposed on his time: and ~labriur by :the
Prfliti, of`- bis employer. On the contrary, it has
'distinctly aimed at founding a' new constitution of the
commercial world; it has tried
~ to supersede nature by
arrangements framed to secure special :advantages for a
particular crass upon strict principles of protection; and
nature has proved too;- strong for it. The same fate
"meld have sanded similar. conduct oti the. p of the
anastere.e-Are*al 4.4l4krnes.,h6Ovifi 'Skilfully .anned,
stil
"fer depressing wages :below .the
„intuit-Lc revs Of their
newrketevalue, are equally certain to fail. If the labour
Of the' operative. is in demand; the eagerness of masters
to ehtsin pesseasion, of it will 'Welt; cleWe 'every aesolu-
don to keep clown his- remuneiation at--a theoretical
price. Whentrade is good and hands are scarce, wages
must and will rise,
:whatever edicts may have been pre-
viously
fulminated on the contrary. In all these mat-
Acrithere is drily one danget to be apprehended-the
interposition of impediments to the most complete
freedom of action. . That freedom alone is the
guarantee for jastioe to-both•parties: the sole pledge
that each Shall obtain , that portion of the profit which
fairly belongs to hirie under the actual circumstances of
. trade. Protection, whether of workman or master, is
theechilioLcavetoueness aatillea pareut--of-injuetice ;
and by a righteous law of Providence, commonly works
as much injury to those in whose behalf it is set up as to
those:against whom it is levelled. !This law•has received
an illustration in the present contest which is much to be
regretted:- The Masters; in taking .back their men, have
required themto sign a
lonee any kind of trades union.:, Vlta are-
pledge thi4 alley Would not be-
_
c ucriirtcyacmosutladnnobetee s
avoided,re I)
aof rthede
to assert that under the actual - P
struggle the demand of such a se
its imperative necessity.
td-the ihepps•hecause they are
yet neither are we-convinced of
The workinenetre returning
ictia sleis regulations up
the loser* .inelhe fight:, the less sad suffering they have
sustained are the best.guarautees against a repetition of
their. aggression, On the other hand, such a pledge is a
4czeteet4reles;triicttkioeneposnalfirzedthoemideefaaocfq artificial
and is very, likely to be turned against it; inventors at
some future 'itiy.' L will be' appealed to' as a justifica-
tion for some counter-pledge hereafter; It is
Thif-thisfortune -of -.the- working classes that the
practical exercise of • their freedom has many more
difficulties to encounter than are found to impede the
capitalist. They have fewer means to meet the en-
croachments of covetousness. If their numbers are in
excess in a particular trade, or employment is scarce,
eheir'ability to extricate themselves er to resist an undue
'dePreciatideeef wages „is weaker. Capital easily transfers
itself.fronane beinuese to twat eeaWPM sinking pte'fits
command Tito flit. :' The poor& man daft practise but one
trade; hie education hus not, qualified him cofthrenging
his calling, and thus aelepeleg 4inl-41f t4Wieog:eV4l4ing
circumstances • of commerce; and when the supply ex-
ceeds the demand for labour in any-department of bu-
siness, emigration to another and more inviting field
either within_ the kingdom mein. the,colonies is a re-
source from which he is commonly precluded, either by
overt 6vikt2oranbe. Bat' if the • difficulties which
. : •re . . ernillelecreett -theelvalatet-lneltri tree geeat,
it (is :41itelereble that they should he wantonly in-
creased by legislatioe. No class of men is more entitled
to fair play, or every consideration of humanity and
justics, than the working class; and in these days none
can be injured with greater risk to the whele commu-
nity. Not only is their importance in the social
ougtva..mr,y, day more deeply. epareciated; but, still sympathy which is' felt for -their wrongs not
unfrequently manifests itself in the active propagation
of benevolent, but most crude and dangerous schemes
for ato.lwprovement of .their, cQ_ndition. -- Par laws of
partnership are a signal instance 1£ rgetpional, but' . , _
nevertheless very real denial of fair pier to the poor. __ -,:,
Large capitalists can readily' unite in small firms, and
i thus escape most of the evils incicle.nt to the Jews which
regulate partnerships; but the union of a large number
ofeemall partuers'is impossible, except under the pro-
tection of a charter. And this iineossibility arises, not
.from the condition of unlimited ' liability-for the dia.
fereucebetweetalimited and unlimited liability vanishes
for the poor 'man, who in either case, stakes all his sav-
ings in that partnership-hut from the laws which re-
gulate the relation of partners towards each other:
Kielty partner is legally entitled to an equal control of
the common' property-he may Bell er otherwise dispose
of it 'without impedim(nt-he may pledge the common
credit:-rip agreement to place the management in a few
hand; whOalone ehould have the right of dealing with
:the common funds is valid-there is no means for settling
the'disputes of partners between each other but a suit in
Chancery; and to that extremity the death of any partner,
to eay nethine of other causes, renders them incessantly
liable. 11. is Avious that uunderunder!Lich circumstances a
practical itepOisibility-, We have
conttnnndite-promisd to furnish a happy solution of the
plaorignetePdaourintex on aiPforme: 4i
a occation that partnerships en
great and anxious problem of ,cembinieg the interests of
the master with those of the ' workmen: a more vital
An "operative in a
matter for the welfare of England cannot well be
?: impossible:
at a fixed
con-
ceived. I. is very provoking !hat the absurd provisions
of our laws of partnership render the attempt to realise
rt'nhaiitlsel importantalotefla.yi:leterd eseti, his savings
sbaguvotioilfg she s tip u I ate io r a return pr o -
portioeate to the profits o_fant,lie:noyncer,.brne,guhitliosn robe-
eieueeee by the law a partner, and acquires rightP f
There
interference and management to 'which no -nZitto,r
meoreremeakniley
could subject himself: e
pod, with-
finu llrye deuvnisreedas°fonra bfireu?str(a3trg anya enormous
aouetigeatnicocnesimdPereantsiaotniesgto abdvltteatkagene? into account, and
some serious difficulties toe be encountered in framing
a new general law of partnership; .
of any moment can be raised against objectionwahlaetnder
being
allowed to stipulate for ai/eareinkg
veithout losing his en
instead of a fixed re-
vtuevrntedonintthne
alopaanrtnwe
hr?ichThe genera,' creditors of the eon-
es to a mercantile firm,
con-
cern might with reason h 0 lender, and being con •
in the event
then, is interestedvie
such loan being declaredpartofthe
Gave their position improved by
joint capital, and
of bankdruptey, forming part of the assets,
instead of being pro
capitalist from as debts ugainst the estatre;orwthhe
a direct
rehviesntinoglethweinetbilhii-mowbeye
participation in the success "ofehiPs trade? Under a law
'-Si cornmandite, it is replied, men without capital would
set up in basineas3sBTwiliontiutlpd trade with a multitude of small
and ruin. But even supposing
of the partnership with recklessness
loans, and having no personal stake themselves, would
conduct the affairs
this danger could not be
guarded against, it would still be beyond the province of
the law to supersede by enaceaients the exercise of per-
sonal prudence: The law is bound to furnish every fa-
cility for the prevention and remedying of wrong; bat
the law cannot and ought not to undertake to shut out
the risks incident to human life. Profits cannot be ob-
tained without risk ; the • law is not justified in
assuming a false paternity .towards the poor
man, and forbidding him to have a chance of the profits,
on aacount of the danger of loss. The calculation of one
against the other is his affair; he has a right to free
action; and the exercise of the virtues called forth by
the =responsibilities attached to liberty, educates and
elevates the character. A few such losses would draw
out an intelligence and caution that would compensate
' for a hundredfold their amount. Bat well-framed pre-
visions for enforcing publicity would bestow all the
security which could be desired. The amount of the
publicity might be regulated jointly by the law and pri-
vate agreement, In the case of small sums, or loans
made en commandite by workmen to their employers, a
and, we should add,
periodical statement of' the accounts at a meeting of all
in all-the requiring
the partners ought to be required;
similar to that provided for the friendly
eantilaaucdhitegry, if demanded, by sworn public officers, with
ight asipmeriftyisnagyftles terms of the parte
societieta- for the prompt settlement •of disputes, In
other cates-we en
means or enforcing of a written agreement,
it, is all
that the law . need provide. lt
roe: great matter is, to
allow loans to ha entitled to p h , without c3uferr,
mg
partnership;; ;„ all the rest the
nership, and ready legal to
the rights of par P e practical. good
'ence of the community
Sense and ever' Would f cil
pee iet
supply ,

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
e FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
TIIIES.—The Derby Administration ilea made its
debut on the hustings with all the success ift'at was'to be
4hrPected•from the judicious selection of these who were
to go through this ordeal. The actual elections, indeed,
are far from over, for Mr. Henley's election comes on to-
day, Mr. Disraeli's en Friday, Mr. Christopher's ion
Saturday, besides, others of less note; but so far there
has'bemeno &meet, and, what is more important, there
has been scarcely any serious blunder in the election
.addresses. The new Ministers have taken their cue
froth Lord neeny's speeCh, reitertitiog their old Opinions,
or least -referring 'to there, but referring not lessito
1114 peculiar .!aircamstances of she new Goverpmenqand
asking for wider and more discretionary powers then
have hitherto been conceded by the " flamer" to his
Parliandentary " friend." There hag, perhaps, beeh a
significent difference between some :of . these
election addresses. For, example, to-day - Mr.
Binkes is cautious enough. As chairman of the
Dorsetshire sessions he had every reason' to defend the
' predominance of his order in the new Government, and
he has turned Mr. Coppock to very good account. But
his speech is more humorous than explicit, and better
adapted to enlighten his constituents as to the organize-
don of parties than as to the particular policy of bis
own. On the other hand, Mr. Beresford has addressed
to the farmers of North Essex and the •populace of
Braintree a reproduction of one of his Drurylane
speeches; proving that a five-shilling duty will be so
much gain to the Treasury and the farmer; at the ex-
pense of nobody else in this country. As Mr. Beres•
ford is not in the new Cabinet, and his arguments will
pass for no more than they are worth, it is unnecessary
to sift them at this particular juncture. Much the sable
may be said of the finaucial'illugrations adopted by Mr.
A. Duncombe, the re-elected Member for the East
Riding, who, however, very wisely, defers till the 4p-
preaching general election the delicate subject of pledges.
But, now that this first scene of the new play is
size nearly over, .everybody is beginning to ask what
everybody else is likely to do. What will Lord Derby
say on Friday night? Will la'y down anything in
• the'shispe of a policy? Will he tell us what sort of ap-
peal he will.make to the country? On the other hand,
what policy, will Lord John Russell unfold to his adhe-
rents at Chesham•place to-morrow? Will "input it! to
'their allegiance to turn out at once, by fair means oriby
foul,,
order
ronlyin 4
boatehe r
k the possible idsttehre bouldt
mluemessuerlfe,s—in
old cemMainn
the old internal, weaknes,s and external difficulties?
Again, what will the pepple out of doora do? Will the
Liberals rally to the rescue of Lord John? Will the
agriculturists swear their Members to a five•shilling
duty, as the minimum of their.. service? Thep ques-
tions are not only asked; they, are being rapidly_
tnoce.be observed than
swered. In times of great h'czard and` excitefrient
offirtaitra
nothing is thought so safe as precipitation; no-
thingAmienr
wdaasngneorr
mores
as
dfi
the present tottering armistice of parties; the retention
of Malta was not more intolerable to the enemy than
thee
Conservative occupation of Downing-street. Th
of a rival in office is absolutely intolerable. sight
Unman had
no rest while he saw Mordecai at the gate •
judge from the scene in the Lords I,' and
judge we may
ast Friday week
whether Lord Derby can make a speech I.
the signal for instant hostilitiei Theshall
new Govern-
went Ines; ;have not only more th •
'tint more than common fortune, an common discretion,
-fore they have even left harb to escape shipwreck be-
.more than escape shipwreck.
Theyour. But they have to do
considerable measures; la have
to
pass
some
reforms and national de-
fences; otherwise they will appeal to the make a very sorry figure in
country. Of all the above questiens,
by far the moat serious
do? Will as lss—What will the agriculturists
as
athey, heretofore, deal with their represen-
tativesaoWner deals with his bailiff, and a cus-
tomer with a tradesman, the very work to
be done, or the eery ordering
supplied? That has
hitherto been the common
article to be '
the common market-table notion of a
county member or a Conservative Premier; and it must
be confessed that. our statesmen have contributed to
their dePreCiation in this respect. This, however,
we sq--if the British sgriculturists sent up their
representatives pledged to a corn-law. .or to any other
Particular measure, they are sending sieves to a Parlia-
Anent 'of freemen: It is of no use to send a man to,
the; Rouse with hie bands lied. The experiment has
beeri tried a hundred times, and there always have ben
found, and always will be found, men. who will submit to
that operation, but the result is invariably the same.
The farmers alight as well mark their represetnatives at
once, as they de their horses and their sheep, as write
pledges beer faces and backs. The conduct
on t
of Cho Manchester echool, and of writers 'from
'whom better might be exptette3; should eirn
the eyes of the Canceler on this' pOint. What are
Messrs. Cobden and Coa and the contemporaries we
refer to doing at this moment? The exhausting all
y are
Con-
tbe arts of ingenuity and 'limp:nig:el° 'provoke the
writers
eervitive party lilt° a fatal obstinacy. The very ,
who for the last two years have proclaimed that Lord
Derby bad given up protection, and have daily or.wF,e, ?.7
amused themselves with stories of ProteCtionist dettaetae,
Lien and despair, now turn sharp round and insist that
up,
nothing has been given and that every man of tee
One of our eunt4in..
party is as pledged as ever .he wag.

The conditions upon which the Western Railway
of France is to be taktm and completed have been arranged,
and the subscription is to be made up to-day. The line is
alreadY open to Chartres, to which
point there has been an
increasing
traffic, and the next extenhion is to be Lemans,
upon terms that are estimated to yield 10 per cent. on the
cutl:ly. The completion of the work to Renneg, a farther
distance cf 107 miles, and
1"1-- grill
Inane its aggregate
length 230 miles, is to be effected at a cost that will keep the
total expenditure within 1,500,0001., or an average of 6.5001.
per mile. The concession Was
granted nearly a year ago,
andis for 99 years, with a Government guarantee of: 4 per
cent.
Messrs. Keith and Shoobridge, as represen ipg the
firm of Keith, Shoobridge, and Co., were mith bankrupts
yesterday, and their affairs will be administered under the
supervision of Mr. Commissioner Fonblapcpe. ,Messrs.
teed, Langford, and Marsden, are the solicitors to the peti-
tioning creditor. -