The Sun.
London, England, 1864-07-25 00:00:00

Commence at 7.

ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE, under the
Management of Mr. B. WEBSTER.
Last three weeks of the present season.
Crowded with rank and fashion.
Re-engagement of those ce ebrazed and popular artistes, Mr.
an t Mrs. Charles Mathews.
FroductiGn of an entirely new original Travestie of a very
popular subject, by F. C. Burnan,i, Esq., entiiled FAUST
312.R.A.TERITE. in which Mr. and M, s Charles
biatnews will appear. The new scenery b) the celebrated
artists,.lessrs. Danson and bons ; the incidental Ba: let by

Oscar'Byrne.
Amongst the artists engaged will be found the copular
names of Mr. Benjamin Webster, Mr. Charles Mathews. Mr.
Frank Matthews, Mr. J. L. Toole, Mr. J. Clarke, Mr. Paul
Bedford, Mr. 'F. Robinson, Mr. Ashley, Mr. J. Johnstone;
Miss Herbert, Mrs. Frank Matthews, Miss 11. Simms, Miss
A. Cottrell, Miss Fanny Josephs, Miss Patti Josephs, Miss
Wentworth,-,Mrs. Stirring, ana Mrs. Chas. Mathews.
EVERY EVENING, at 7, A SHEEP IN WOLF'S
CLOTHING. Mrs. Stirling, Mr. J. Llarke, and Mr. F.
Robinson.
At a quarter-past S, a new Travestie, entitled FAUST
All) MARGUERITE : Mr. c has. Mathews, Mr. J. Clarke,
Mr. Ashley, Mr. Montague, Mr. W. H. Ebarne, Mr. W.
Chamberlame, and Mrs, C. Mathews.
At 10, LITTLE TODDLEKINS, Mr. Charles Mathews,
Mr. and Mrs. F. Matthews.
To conclude with BRISTOL AMONDS. Mr. and Mrs.
Frank Mathews, Mr. Ash ey, MissDl Wentworth.

GOODWOOD.—RACE GLASSES, the best at
CALLAGHAN'S, 23A, New Bond-street, W., corner
or Conduit-street. N.B.—Sole agent 'o Voigtlander, Vienna-

OPERA and RACE GLASSES, Field and Yacht
Glasses, in every varie y of size, form, and mounting,
matchless for their great magnifying power and sharpness
of definition. Price, from 30s. each, at CALLAGHAN'S,
23A, New Bond-street, W.. corner of Conduit-street. Sole
agent for the celebrated race and field glasses and photo-
graphic lenses made by Veigtlander, Vienna. Field glasses
wade expressly for India. warranted to withstand the gr eatest
tropical heat. The new aluminium mounted glasses (as re-
cently made for H.R. H. the Prince of Wales', though of the
largest size, weigh but a low ounce).

COUNTRY and SEASIDE DRESSES.
Messrs. JAY, of Regent-street, have now in stock a
v,,riety of WASHING Sli,li DREiSES, suttatle for the
country and seaside, and at the clearing-out pace of only
Ils. 6d. the dress.

JAY'S,
217, 249, and 251, Regent-street.

BLACK SILT:S.—The price of Silks in the raw
material has already r•sen 15 per cent, and it will soon
.reach a far u-rcater per-centaee. Messrs. JAY. therefove,
Ivite their numerous patrons to take advantage of the stock
they have on hand, which they can now dispose of on favour-
able terms ; but the same qualities will naturAlly b.; more
Co tly as the price of silk fluctuates to a higher average

JAY'S,
217, 219, and 251, Regent-street.

COALS.—The LILLESHALL COMPANY'S
COAL S.
Direct from their own Collieries.
Marquis'. 23s. per ton. I Double.. ....... 20s . per ton.
Top 22g. „ Deep ...... .....21s. „
Well screened and delivered within rive miles of their De-
pots, Westbourne Park-road, W., and 17, South Wharf,
'Addington, W., and Maiden-lane, N.
Beat Coke
Terms cash.
JOHN SCOTT, Sole Agent.

ryi HE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN,"
A. Containing the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE,
can be had Ev,ery Evening of
G. EL. GLENIE, News AcztT,
No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park.

The Weather—Sun Office, July 25, 1861.

--.>---

THERMOMETER.
This day at Two o'clock 75
Barometer-29.84.
WIND—S.W. ; light breeze, and cloudy.

HIGH WATER. AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, 24m,—Afternoon, 60en
Taatoincow.-Momingt 7h. 12m.—Aitarnooa, 7a. 40m.

....
t.',F.:•:"4 ,:i_ 4: ...i,.4...
..„:„...,„*„.„,„...,.
j, g. --..04....„...„,„.„4,...,....,

LONDON, MONDAY, JULY 25, 1864.

The imminent probabilities of a general European
war have happily drifted out of view within the
last few weeks. Peace among the Great Powers, it
is satisfactory to know, is not only still preserved
intec% but is liktly to be preserved for some time
to come. Whatever sinister hints to the contrary
may be thrown out by isolated Parisian organs like
is Pays, the general impression, nowadays, both
here amongst ourselves, and beyond the Channel
in all parts of the Continent, is pretty much
what we have here intimated it to
be. it?garding the mere fact itself—that peace has
not merely to this moment been preserved, but that
it appears to yield every reasonable promise of
beina, yet awhile maintained intact, for a period of
irldcfiaite duration—we cannot but look to the actual
reallt, of course, with a sense, so far, of profound
satisfaction. But, while doing so, is the interests
Of humanity, it is impossible to do so in
our own selfish national interests. It is
impossible, at least, to look at the manner in which
this result hag
oeen secured, with any degree of,
so to speak, national
self-complacency, And for a
reason, unhappily, only
too apparent,"not only here,
but far and wide, all
Over the world, in both hemi-
spheres. Peace has been preserved—but at what a
sacrifice ! At the sacrifice of the presti,g3, of
the name, and fame, and influence, and
heroic repute of England. It is undeniable, AL
Europe knows it to be so. It is ra
atter for pro-
found. exultation through the length and breadth
of the Continent. It is not so with F:ance_but it
is so with England. France never indulged daring
the late diplomatic correspondence and negotiation,.
—in the matter of Schleswig and Holstein—in the
matter of &spate between ammark and
Germany—France never indulged in those
false promises on the one side, and in those bragga-
docioee threats upon the other, that England, thank,
to Earl RUSSELL'S policy, certainly did indulge in,
and indulged in apparently with a sort of insensate
perversity, prepense, upon system, and with a kind
of crass stupidity of deliberation. Reversing that
old heroic cry or anguish that thrills to
us through history, we might say now, in
regard to the Defeat recently endured by Elql4o

------
Diplomatically—Everything is gained (in the way
of all the advantages resulting from the presurva.
tion of Peace)—fors Thonneur ! We have ~e,en
threatening—and all our threats have come to
nought. We have been promising assistance...and
that assistance, even at the direst extremity, has
never once been forthcoming. There was
always a putting off, upon some pal'cy ex..
cuse or another. Holstein was invaded, YEs-
but it was net Schleswig ! Schleswig was entered
by the German troops, was entered and formally
occupied. Ah—it was not Jutland ! Jutland W°,B
penetrated. True—but there was the Island of
Funen ! Nay—it was actually intimated at
last by the Prime Minister cf England, in
the presence of the House of Commons, amidst
ironical jeers of indignation that in certain still
more dire contingencies—lf Copenhagen were
bombarded and taken, for example, if King ,
CHRISTIAN IX., the father of our young Princess
of WALES, were seized by the Prussian Victors
in his palace, and were carried away thence as a
prisoner of war—England, even then, might—not
"could," but " might"—interfere ? Nothing
of the kind! England, even then, might
—it was a mere hypothesis—might—just
within the limits of possibility—reconsider
her policy!! Might—take into her consideration
the advisability of acting, somehow or another,
differently ! No—the preservation of peace
in Europe is in itself, of course, a matter
for profound congratulation. Bat—it is certainly
no subject for self gratulation to England the
ignoble manner in which it has been brought
about! It become 3 even matter for serious doubt
among patriotic Englishmen whether so absolute a
sncliiice of honour, of dignity, of good faith, of
self-respect (in the dealing about us, that
ie, of so many utterly valueless fair promises,
and of so many utterly contemptible, because empty
and idle threats) is not a price too dear for us to
have paid even for the preservation of peace in
Christendom.

The speech of Lord STRATFORD DE REDCLIFFE
on Friday was very appropriate, and it is satisfac-
tory to know that there are some few remaining
politicians who will broach these awkward subjects,
and thus compel. Ministers to make some attempt
at a reply. It is notorious that our Government
shirk ail inquiries, and turn a deaf ear alike to the
voice et reason and the language of warning. That
is no excuse for those idle or indifferent members
who will not interfere, because they say it is of no
use to make any disturbance, since no result will
ensue. It is their duty to do their utmost, and if
they fail it is not their fault. At any rate all that
relates to this matter of which Lord STRATFORD DE
REDCLIFFB treated is so very unsatisfactory, and
the intelligence itself so unwelcome to English ears
that we cannot but hail every opportunity that
occurs for watching the progress and marking the
workings of the affair. His lordship put the ques-
tion very fairly before the House, and the tenor of
his remarks must have produced an impression upon
many of his hearers. In the first place, it is im-
possible for the most sceptical to deny that there is
great truth in his observation that such a thing as
the revival of the Holy Alliance must be deemed
far from improbable, and also that if such an
event actually occurred the combination of
the three military Powers, Austria, Russia, and
Prussia would be a great evil. They would inter-
fere with the freedom and the independence of all
the smaller States. This is strictly true, and, in-
deed, proofs are not wanting of the lamentable
effects which have been producod by the union of
these Powers. Last year Poland was made
almost a complete wreck through the rapacity of
Russia, and every imaginable assistance was ren-
dered by Austria and Prussia. The latter kingdom
more especially conspicuously distinguished itself
for its zeal and energy in the cause, and now this
zeal many calamities have arisen through the joint
working of Prussia and Austria; while Russia has
not only openly lent her aid, but done a good deal
in the way of secret service to those whose greed
and covetousness sent them forth to despoil and
appropriate the possessions of others. It is
impossible to shut our eyes to the fact that
these three Powers, flushed with victory,
intent en plunder, and incensed at the idea
cf the spread of liberty, will not be_content to re-
main stationary. Rest and be thankful does not
enter into the policy of their Cabinets ; they are
always on the alert, and woe betide the small State,
the independent little kingdom, or the revolutionary
country that stands in their way, and incites them
to exterminate and crush. There can be no greater
mistake than to ignore the workings of a system
until it is too late to do anything to check its course,
or arrest its mischievous tendency. With Lord
STRATFORD DE REDCLIFFE we agree in declaring
that this combination puts us in great danger, It
is one of thoseaunpropitions developments of power
and those disastrous exhibitions of strong passions
without a curb that aro fatal to the interests of
communities, and totally subversive of the best laws
of humanity. Lord STRATFORD DE REDCLIFFE very
forcibly expreased his opinions relative to the mis-
taken views entertained by some respecting the atti-
tude that England ought to assume. The interests
of commerce are held to supersede all other COIIE3i.
aerations. " If we wish to be safe and to escape
that which has been the almost proverbial fate of
all commercial countries, we must preserve that
high spirit of nationality, and that nobility of heart
which tells us that our best interests are not based
on mere sordid calculations of profit and loss."
These are sentiments which are worthy of a great
country, and it would be well if they were more in
vogue in high places just now, but on the contrary
our Ministers appear to put profit before every-
thing, and the dread of war before the claims of
justice or the interests of the oppressed. Earl
RUSSELL'S reply to the queries put to him was as
tame and unsuitable as usual on such occasions. He
either did not or would not see the drift of the res
marks of the noble lord, as to his denial of the
authenticity of the rumour referred to. The noble
I lord appears himself to apprehend that at some
future time there will virtually be a combination
, that will possess all th© attributes of the
Holy
Alliance. The Powers in question are always
, expressing a hope that the European
Sovereigns may unite in order to put down reaction.
ary movements. We shall only drift into further
perplexities, however, and meet with more diffi-
culties if Earl Reosaaaa intends to act upon what
he has said, namely, that he does not see that the
revival of the Holy Alliance can give us a just
cause for apprehension. He cannot believe that
those Sovereigns can mean more than to protect
their own dominions, and secure them from the
effects of democratic invasions. If he is going to
guide the course of his policy by this idea, he will
fraeisttsmoosftocuormepoulentterlyy,
and only
the beat into.
to thedistractinglies now distracting the nations of Europe. It is a
representing
adssingular thing that whenever there is a presage of
any great change occurring, our Ministers always
say that the rumour is false, or else, if it turns
out true, that the re is no cause for disquietude.
He must be very ignorant or very credulous who
is any longer satisfied with this answer to the in-
quiries made under the let' - uence of astonishment,
indignation, and dismay, The
conclusion we arrive

at is the same, but a sad rehearsal of the past,
and. the people of England, who are the ruling

power of the world, have to look on while tyranny
runs riot, and oppression holds Sovereign sway.
The next Session of Parliament will doubtless
witness some of the effects produced by the work-
ings of this Holy Alliance, which it is now conve4
nient to laugh at, and to deny in toto. Our Go-
vernment cannot possibly lay claim to foresight.

This country has always been prompt to recog-
nise the dangers of monopoly. The evils are
indeed sufficiently great, and apparently readily
perceptible to a people much less acute and much less
versed in commercial dealings. But early expe-
rience, as well as the natural tendency of the Eng-
lish temper, has inspired us with an especial dread
of anything approaching to monopoly. Year by
year the old remnants of it still at work in our
system are dying out, year by year the principles
of Free Trade are becoming more widely developed,
more generally adopted. The very foundation of
our time-honoured Constitution is the even balance
of power—restraining alike the monopoly of authoe
rity by the Crown, by the Parliament, and by the
people. Everything that has a tendency to cen-
tralisation is looked upon with much suspicion, and
this feeling is the protection of many cumbrous
establishihents which might be better worked by
ono central authority, but which are justly che-
rished by the people as safeguards against that
social despotism of which they are so jealous. Our
municipal institutions, our county magistracy, our
Poor-law system, have all in turn been abused and
criticised, as in truth they very often lay them-
selves open to be ; but, atter all that can be said
against them, they rest upon a firm foundation—the
conviction of the country that, with all their faults,
they are part of those barriers which our fathers
erected round their hardly-won freedom, and so
long as they last they afford substantial guarantees
that England shall eontinue to be governed by
Englishmen after their own fashion. It was this
strong feeling against anything approaching to
monopoly, or centralisation, added to the jealousy
and disfavour with which the House naturally
regards official accounts and official workmanship,
that gave Mr. COBDEN so many supporters in his
his attack upon the Government Manufacturing
Establishments on Friday night. The censure
which he passed on the originators, the enlargers,
and the superintendents of those establishments,
was wholesale and uncompromising. According
to his showing, we are lavishing unheard of sums
on articles that are comparatively worthless ; we
are employing large numbers of men and damaging
private business, in providing the country with
inferior articles at a high price; we are putting an
affront on the manufacturing interest of the country,
without deriving any benefit from our offensive
conduct ; we are undertaking to do publicly what
could be much better and more cheaply done pri-
vately; our stores are bad, our contracts vexatious,
cur accounts altogether unreliable, and the result
of all is likely to be that our supply will entirely
fall short in time of need, and we shall reap the
consequence of persisting in maintaining these
costly and inefficient establishments in a great de-
mocratic revolution. The answers to all these
charges, general and particular, are not long in
making their appearance. Mr Cobden's sweeping
accusations were met in many instances with a com-
plete refutation. Any quantity of arms, of enemies
ninon, or of clothing, could, he said, b 3 obtained
from our great manufactories at the briefest possible
notice. But official experience proves this assertion to
be incorrect. Mr. MONSELL cited a few instances from
our Crimean experience which serve to indicate the
necessity of the public service not being altogether
dependent on private establishments. In 1854-5
200 tons of shot and shell was given to be delivered
within two weeks, but the full amount was not
forthcoming till January, 1856. Another firm
which entered into a similar agreement was a little
quicker in its proceedings, making its first dclivecy
of the required articles in June, 1855. A third firm
undertook to deliver 150 tons of shot and 150 tons
of shell by the 7th of January, 1855, nnd the same
quantity weekly afterwards. The way the con-
tract was fulfilled was by making the first delivery
in June, 1855, and this was in a time of
war, when the welfare of the public service
depended so largely upon a faithful per-
formance of contracts, and there is no reason,
as Mr. MONSELL said, why we should suppose that
things are much altered now. But, thanks to the
much abused establishment at Woolwich, a Tian-
tity of shot and shell equivalent to the whole of
that expended at Sebastopol might be produced in
six weeks, and the number of cartridges cone
seined during the siege might ba forthcoming in
half that time. So much for the advantage gained
in point of promptness and certainty. When we
come to the consideration of the pal Ity of the articles
supplied, the importance of Government establish-
ments becomes still more perceptible. Unhappily, it
is not safe to trust men's lives and health altogether
to the honesty of contractors. The revelations of the
Crimea might convince even Mr COBDEN, but they
were not officially quoted on Friday evening. The
public, however, have not forgotten the boots that
were destined for some distant and unthought-of
locality, whence the report of their quality would
scarcely reach England, and not be critically
examined with a view to the exigencies of war.
They have not forgotten the tools which proved so
unfitted for their purpose, nor the still sadder and
darker memory of the inferior preserved meat which
so grievously disappointed the poor frost-bound
wanderers in the Arctic regions. All these things
have taught us that it is not well to trust exclusively
to the private establishments. Mr COBDEN admits
that in earlier days Government establishments
were useful as a check upon contractors, but now he
says the great shipbuilders, the great gunmukers,
the large tailoring establishments, are better checks
upon each other through the force of competition.

But unhappily the competition tends rather to keep
down the price than to improve the quality. "it
is the disposition of contractors," says the Marquis
of HARTINGTON, "to supply samples cheap rather
than good ; and as even the lives of our soldiers and
sailors may depend upon the quality of articles fur•
nished to the Government, I cannot see how the
men of cur navy and army can be protected without
a minute inspection of the articles contracted for."
Several of the establishments objected to are used for
the purpose of testing the goods provided, and, in
spite of Mr. COBDEN, this is an unavoidlble neees.
sity. The fact is, that special wants must have a
special supply, and general provision will not do.
When the hon. gentleman was busy with his corn-
law agitation, the regular press could not servo his
purpose, but he must start a journal of his own :
and so, in times of sudden pressure or alarm, it
will not do for the Government of this country io
depend wholly upon commercial enterprise, how-
ever great. Of course the official establishments
should be kept within bounds, and a close super-
vision of the accounts should be kept by the House,
and so far Mr. COBDEN'S motion may do good
hear-
ingser-
and should a
fairbe givenahare tonf suggestionsencouragement
from without,
and
shouldith be
given vice. It is certainly desirable, too, that more
given to the general industry of the country, but
iit s unworthy of a country like England to be at
w
the mercy,of any trade in time of war or emergency,
and experience has proved it to be also most
unwise.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

LRELTTER'S TELEGRAMS.]

CHINA AND JAPAN.
(By Telegraph from Suez.)
SHANGHAI, JUNE 6.
Major Gordon's force has been disbanded.
Sir Frederick Bruce is returning home.
Advices received from Japan state that Sir
Rutherford Alcock has arranged quarters for the
Britieh troops at Jeddo.

THE PRINCIPALITIES.

BUCHAREST, JULY 24.

The _Romanul has been supresecd in coneequence
of the publication of further violent attacks upon
dim Government.

The Moniteur will publish tomorrow a report on
the state of the finances of the Principalities.

FIANCE.

BOURSE, July 23.—The market still continues in
the same feverish and inanimate state, and the
limited transactions up to the present hour show a
slight further decline. Threes, for the Account,
are now at 66f. 10c. Mobilier, after receding to
972 f. 50c., have since recovered to 980 f. So little
has been done in Railway Shares that the prices aro
as it were nominal at about yesterday's quotations,
The market continued heavy to the close, and left
off as follows :

4t per Cents. 5O
Do. end month
3 per Cents
Do. end month 66 10
Credit Mailier 077 50
Do. end month 977 50
Bank Shares —
Credit Fonder 1217 50
Roman,
RAIL'

Italian Loan GS 10
Do. end month CS 05
Ditto Threes ..
New Mexican 56 50
Russian
Austrian

Spanish.
Homo Debt
Deferred ..... 4 ;;i
(SYS.
Cash.
Orleans
Northern
Lyon 3 and kleditarranean 898 75 .. 897 50
New ditto
Southern
'Western
Eastern
Sardinian
Austrian
Lowbard .......
forth of Spain
Slngopa
Ditto to Barcelona ....

Account.

637 50 637 50
515 - .. 613 75
477 50 .. 477 5U
351 25 .. --
413 75 .. 412 50
523 75 .. 528 75
431 25 .. 432 50
523 75 .. 527 50

GREECE.

"We believe," says the IlEnzorial Diplomatique,
" we htve authority for announcing that the re-
cognitbn of Greece by the Austrian Government
has ben decided cn in principle, and will shortly
take plwe. It is:now only a question of time,
besides diminishes in importance daily, but of
which th) Vienna Cabinet, considerir the family
ties which unite the House of HaP:ourg to that of
Bavaria, ras obliged to take into account from
motives of delicacy. The af'.:riesion
to the cession of the T. given by Austria
Joian Islands was already a
first pledge o! a gl,od feeling towards the young
sovereign of Greece,
and showed that the Austrian
Government was far from wishing to create for him
the slightest embarrassment."