The Sun.
London, England, 1852-10-09 00:00:00

LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 9. 1852,

THE DELUSIVE NOTIONS OF CANLI.
DATES FOR TRANSPORTATION.
(From the North British Daily Mail.)
Lord Cockburn, in pronouncing sentence on e
habit and repute offender on Monday, took oc•
casion to remove an erroneous impression which
has spread with wonderful rapidity among the
thieving fraternity of this and other large cities.
An idea, extremely welcome to such people,
has gone abroad of late that banishment beyond seas
signifies a convenient settlement in " the gold dig-
gings." A great stimulus has consequently been
given to the commission of such crimes as are sup-
posed to qualify a person for so desirable a destina-
tion. The judge in these circumstances considered
it his duty to warn all concerned of the fallacy
of the idea. Convicts are still sent, it is true, to
Australia ; but they are not allowed to mingle with
the honest people who have gone to push their for-
tunes in the gold regions, but are kept in penal sta-
tions apart from the colonists, and subjected to hard
labour and rigid surveillance. Such is the strict
canonical view of transportation, and thieves and
other offenders will better allow themselves to be in-
fluenced by no other. But yet we and others, who
are not thieves, could wish that the actual state of
affairs corresponded still more strictly than it does
with Lord Cockburn's views. We have had occa-
sion to publish recently several oases in which trans-
ported convicts were allowed to roam at large in the
gold regions. The Nelson was boarded and plundered
by vagabonds of this class ; and newspaper readers
cannot have forgetten the case of the woman Ferris,
who was banished from Bristol fc: murder, and on
obtaining a ticket of leave for good conduct, goon
after repeated the capital offence in the town of
Melbourne. Such cases as these have no doubt pro-
duced the injurious impression among the criminal
classes to which Lord Cockburn referred, and a
stronger proof could hardly be afforded of the de-
fectiveness and absurdity of our convict system than
the fact that this sagacious judge has found it neces-
sary to warn the criminals from the bench that
transportation is something much less agreeable than
a free passage to the gold diggings. Public opinion
will never be satisfied as long as convicts are sent to
any part of Australia. That portion of the world
has become essentially unfit to be a penal settlement.
A Hebridean island, or our sterile moors are infinitely
preferable for such a purpose ; and it is surely time
that this subject were taken up in a practical spirit
by the Legislature. Until new arrangements are
adopted it is, at all events, clearly necessary that
orders should be issued against the granting of tickets
of leave to convicts in Australia on any pretence
whatever. Nothing is more easy than for a mailing
knave to simulate a converted state of mind, and by
this means impose on his overlookers. But one of
the great evils is, that convicts in Australia are kept
and guarded by convicts, so that the whole system is
incurably bad.

Worcester Autumn 2
Epsom 4
Liverpool Autumn 9
Cowbridge Hunt
Northallerton ll
IRISH RAC.

Carragh ... 12
Down Royal C0rp...... 20
NOTE
Kilkenny ...

Stretford
Warwick
Aberystwith
Shrewsbury Autumn 23

;S TO COME.
BEFt.
Carlow

;MBER.

28
...............

BANK OF ENGLAND.
(From last night's Gazette.)
Aa Account, pursuant to the Act 7th and Bth of Victoria, cap. 82 for
the Week ending on Saturday, the 2d day.ot Octolter, 1852.
tesuz DEPARTMENT.

Notes 34,990,395

Government debt 11,015,100
Other securities •• .• 2,984,900
Gold coin and bullion 20,971,241
Silver bullion ••• • •• 19,154

Z3VJ90,395

£ 34,990,395
Dated the 7th day of October, 18!j5.2R.
BANKING DEPARTMENT.
. ELSEY, Deputy Cashier.

Z.
Proprietorecapital 14,553,000
Rest • •••• ••• • • • 3,557,115
Public deposits (in-
cluding Exchequer,
Commissioners of
National Debt, Sav-
ings-banks, andDi-
cidend accoun,,s).. 8,935,158
Other deposits ...• • • 11,532,546
Seven day and other
Bills ••••••• • •• •• 1,395,587

433,973,706

Dated the 7th day of Oetober, 1

,Government Beene-
ties (including Dead
Weight Annuity) .. 11,189,182
Other securities • . 12.474.72$
Notes .............. 12,746,580
Geld and silver coin.. 563,218

439,973,706
J. R. ELSEY, Deputy Cashier.
102.

STEAM ENGINES EXPORTwE:i.;winas
athe
great monthin er
eended
u
the sth ult , the declared value of steam-engines and parts of
tehaegicenehisirppariorotedofwla2Bs3l6;7s,lho4l;
the
valut
v 44
25,
6001,

THE LONDON GAZETTE, Oct. 8.

BANKRUPTS.

John Joseph Morewood (and not Joseph Morewood,
as before advertised), merchant, Fludyer-street, West•
minster, to surrender Oct. 14, at one, and Nov. 18, at
eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Bell, official as-
signee, Coleman-street-buildings; Courtenay, Lincoln's
Inn-fields.

Edward Winstanley and Henry George Winstanley 1,
chemists and druggists, Poultry, Oct. 23, at half-past
eleven, and Nov. 27, at eleven, at the Court of Bonk-
ruptcy. Nicholson, official assignee, Basinghall-street;
Lawrance, Plews, and Boyer, Old Jewry-chambers.
Theodore Roe, upholsterer, Suffolk-place, Lower-
road, Islington, Oct. 23, and Nov. 19, at eleven, at the
Court of Bankruptcy. Pennell, official assignee,
Guildhall. chambers, Basinghall-street; Angell, Wat-
ling-street.
William Steel, inn keeper, Birmingham, Oct. 19 and
Nov. 16, at half-past eleven, at the Birmingham District
Court. Whitmore, official assignee, Birmingham;
Thorn, Wolverhampton; Motteram, Knight, and Em-
met, Birmingham.
Robert Shelton, saddler, Wellington, Shropshire, Oct.
23 and Nov. 15, at half-past ten, at the Birmingham
District Court. Bittleston, official assignee, Birming-
ham; Phillips, Shiffuall; Ltotterana, Knight, and Em-
met, Birmingham.
Francis Lowin, engineer, Ragland, Monmouthshire,
Ozt. 27 and Nov. 17, at eleven, at the Bristol District
Court. Miller, official assignee, Bristol; Bevan, Bristol.
John German Harrison, dealer in locks, Liverpool,
Oct. 21, and Nov.ll, at eleven, at the Liverpool District
Court. Beard, official assignee, Liverpool; Norton,
New-street, Bishop&gate, Lonon; Lloyd, Liverpool.
Alfred Astley, glass dealer, Manchester, Oct. 19 and
Nov. ), at 12, at the Manchester District Court. Pott,
official assignee, Manchester; Makinson, Manchester;
Twigg, Burslem.
John Rhodes, jun., tailor, Oldham, Lancashire, Oct.
22 and Nov. 18, at one, at the Manchester District
Court. Lee, official assignee, Manchester; Sale, Wor-
thington, and Shipman, Manchester.
DIVIDENDS.
At the Court, Basiaghall-street.
J. Fairman, Great St. Helen's, commission agent,
Nov. 2, at eleven—S. Wagstaf and T. Baylis, Kidder-
minster, carpet manufacturers. Oct. 30, at eleven—J.
Wheatley, Kennigton-cross, livery stable-keeper and job
master, Oct. 30, at eleven.
In the Cotntry.
V. Cooke, Worcester, cabinet maker, and upholsterer
and furniture dealer, Nov. 9, at half-past eleven, at the
Court, Birmingham—J. Phillip, Longton, Staffordshire,
grocer, Nov. 2, at half-past eleven, at the Court, Bir-
mingham—J. Teece and T. Feats, Oswestry, Shrop-
shire, drapers and grocers, Ncv. 2, at half-past eleven,
at the Court, Birmingham—J. Price and J. Lavender,
Birmingham, paper dealers, Nov. 4; at half-past eleven,
at the Court, Birmingham—J. A. Boden, Sheffield, razor
ittictushreeffire,
lOd,ctlic3eon,saetdlvoi,catutatlhleerC, Court, Leeds—Anne
ten,
at
manufacturer, Oct
Sheffield.
PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS.

C. Roope, Liverpool, wine merchant, id., on Wed-
nesday, Oct. 13, or any subsequent Wednesday, between
eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Turner, Liverpool.
A. Mlierrow, Kingston-upon-Hull, draper, 25., on
Tuesday, Oct. 5, or any subsequent Tuesday, between
eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Carrick, Hull.
W. B. Frankish, Kingston-upon Hull, linendraper,
9s. 70., on Tuesday, Oct. 5, or any subsequent
Tuesday, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr.
Carrick, Hull.
NOTICES OF CERTIFICATES.
At the Court, Basinghall.street.
M. S. Hooper, Billiter-street, City, teadealer, Oct. 29,
at half-past one—J. B. Capper, Blackheath, chemist and
druggist, November 2, at eleven—J. Wheatley, Ken-
nington-cross, Lambeth, livery stablekeeper, Oct. 30, at
eleven.

In the Country.
W • J. Conway, Carnarron, chemist or druggist, No-
vemter 9, at eleven, at tie Court, Liverpool—J. Dod-
son Liverpool, Nov. 1, at eleven, at the Court, Liverpool
—H. Taylor, Waterfoot, Lancashire, coal dealer, Nov.
1, at twelve, at the Coirt, Manchester—W. Burman,
Birmingham, brickmaker. Oct. 30, at half-past ten, at
the Court, Birmingham.
CERTIFICATES GRANTED.
C. R. Pottinger, Harcwick-place, Commercial-road,
East, wine and spirit merchant, a certificate of the
second class—C. King, Neiv Bond-street, revelenta are-
bica importer, a certificate of the second class—W.. A.
Watson, Whitacre, Warwckshire, builder, a certificate
of the second class, twc months after Oct: 5—W.
Wheeler, Cleobury Mortmer, Shropshire, miller and
maltster, a certificate of tte second class.
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED.
George Smith and Joha M'Lachlan, of Liverpool,
hosiers—George Smith am Robert Forrester, of Liver-
pool, hosiers—William P. M'Andrew, Robert WAR-
drew, John William Pilch.r, R. N. Cunningham, and
James Child M'Andrew, o Liverpool, fruit merchants
(so far as regards James Child M'Andrew)—Ebenezer
Price and Charles Thomas Kean, of 1, York-street,
King's-cross, eating-house keepers—John Ponler, Janet
Ponler, and Hugh Stalker lonler, of St. George's-place,
St. George's-in-the-East, imber merchants (so far as
regards Janet Ponler)—Thomas Hoskins and Richard
Hales, of Bath, butchers—lobart Harrison and John
Boddington. of Manchester, hop merchants—Alexander
Collie and Thomas Baker Bcknell, of Manchester, com-
mission merchants—Williat Aylott and John Morris
Junes, of 8, Paternoster-rcw, City, booksellers—Wil-
liam Pickford and Peter Simm, of Newport, Monmouth-
shire, provision merchants—John Towle and Thomas
Barton, of Hampton Gay Mills, Oxfordshire, paper
makers—John Harris and Jchn Williacallarris, of Ex-
eter, surgeons--- enry Darby and Wil-
liam- Esher Sim, of Liverpool, merchants—Alex-
ander Bewley and Gaylard Hidwen, of Liverpool. whole-
sale tea dealers—James Snakh and Arrow Smith, of
Sydnope, Derbyshire, . nurserymen—Joseph Cowell and
John Key, of Prestwich, Lancashire, calico manufac-
turers—Henry Peet and Alfrel Puckle, of Birmingham,
es
Sunderland, accountants—William Barton and William Windus, of
Shevington and Westhough:on, Lancashire, coal pro-
prietors—Marcus Hall Bland and James Middleton, of
Eg
htim
Gibraltar,s merchants—Henrynd o
Joseph
o sßelprhm
gghhatmengale, of Stockport, bobbin
,
woollen drapers—Henry
Scott Richards and Jam
turners—Caleb Smith and Charles Nevens, of Liver-
pool, shipwrights—Maria Bilden and Brett M'Tier, of
Bolton-le-Mors,
and C. Lancashire,Sedgwick, manufac-
turing of
Yeovil, Somersetshire, inke.pers—John Thornley and
John
Berkeley-mews, Portmsn- square, livery stable keepers—
Joseph James, Benjamin Da!n, and Edward Arthars, of
Birmingham, linen and woolen drapers—Robert John-
ston and Robert Hunter, of Manchester, joiners—Wu).
Green and John Gott, of Keadal, Westmoreland, general
drapers.
SCOTCH SEQUESTRATION.

William ilowatt, of Glasgow, ironmonger, Oct. 12
and Nov. 2, at two, at the Glasgow Stock Exchange,
Glasgow.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
BO W-STREET.

Arthur Kendall, the cashier of Messrs. Gray and
IN" cfodr o
re-examination o t
20, Li n Lincoln's n
several's Inn
- Inn-fields, el d s ,was brought
upcharges
of embez-
zlement.
Mr. Gray, of the Oxford Circuit, who conducted
o c
the prosecution, stated his intention to proceed with
two indictments, each containing three separate
charges. The Learned Counsel then gave evidence
in detail of a number of payments which had been
:made to the prisoner on behalf of his employers, but
which were never carried to their account.
Henry Ryland, a clerk in the prosecutors' office,
deposed to having received a cheque for 171. 7s. Bd.
from Messrs. Fearon and Co., on the 22d of Septem-
ber last. He handed it to the prisoner, who made an
entry of the same in his daybook. It was his duty
subsequently to have paid the sum, with others, in to
the bank.
Mr. Joseph Woodcock, the junior partner of the
firm, stated that on the Bth of September last he gave
the prisoner a cheque on Barnard and Co. for 321.
Gs. lOd., with instructions to pay it over to Messrs.
Stevenson, Salt, and Co., their bankers.
It appeared that this defalcation was subsequently
met by the appropriation of another cheque for 321.
Bs. 3d., the prisoner receiving the difference (l s. 5d.)
in cash.

Evidence was also given respecting some cash pay-
ments, which, with the above, were appropriated by
the prisoner.
Mr. Slade, clerk to Messrs. Cox and Greenwood,
the army agents, stated that in September last a sum
of 501. was received by him, for Captain Evelyn, of
the 72d Regiment. The cheque deposed to by the first
witness formed part of the sum paid. It was brought
by a woman, and the payment was made in the name
of " A. Kendall, Esq."
Mr. Gray, the senior partner of the firm, repeated
the statements made by him at the first examination,
relative to the prisoner's admission of his guilt, on
being requested to explain certain discrepancies in
his accounts. He was asked to state the probable
extent of his defalcations, and he said that he did not
think it was more than 1,0001. Witness had ascer-
tained that the amount actually exceeded 1,5001.
Mr. HENRY observed that it was unnecessary to go
into the cases very fully, after the prisoner's voluntary
confession.
The depositions were taken by Mr. Burnaby, and,
by the direction of Mr. Henry, the chief clerk ap-
pended to them a bill for 321., which was found in the
prisoner's possession, and which proved to be a charge
for entertaining eleven of his friends with a dinner
and dessert at Dubourg's Hotel, in the Haymarket.
The charge for eleven dinners was 11/. 1 ls., and the
remainder of the sum was the cost of 39 bottles of I
wine (chiefly champagne), &c.
Mr. HENRY considered that the judges ought to
have an opportunity of seeing how the prisoner spent
his employers' money, and for this purpose he had
desired this bill to be placed before them.
The prisoner was fully committed for trial.
Mr. Wallace Harvey, who described himself as a
special pleader, of 2, Middle Temple-lane, was placed
at the bar charged with obtaining 2101. by forgery.
Mr. HENRY—Yon say y
ou are a special pleader,
but I do not see your name in the Law List. The
prisoner—l am a member of
Gray's Inn of six
years' standing, and am just about to take out my
certificate.
Mr. HENRY—Then you are act, at prPsent, what
baye rprisented yourself to be.

Mr. Wontner, the solicitor, conducted the pros?cu-
tion, and stated the material facts of the case as fol-

lows :
Toe prosecu'rix, Ceherine Wooi, is the widow of
Dr. Ralston Wood, who died in December, 1850,
and who, although a Scotch physician, was chiefly
engaged during his lifetime in literary pursuits,
especially upon the newspaper press. At the time of
his death his wife was left in London without friends,
aid it seems that the prisoner, having known her hus-
band, called on her immediately afterwards and offered
to assist her in her embarrassing situation. She gladly
accepted his service, and from this time he took the
management of her affairs upon himself, availing
himself of the advantages thus afforded him to secure
the possession of a great deal of money to which she
was entitled, including one sum of 801., another of
5001., and an annuity of 201. due to her from the
merchants of Scotland, her father having been one of
that body. Out of the property thus accumulated
the prisoner had been in the habit, since that time, of
paying her some trifleig weekly pittance, not ex-
cee ling 2s. or 3s. at a time. Among the rest of her
property, she was entitled to some in Glasgow. The
prisoner, however, persuaded her to sell it and pur-
chase a life annuity, and, after some reluctance, she
at length consented to do so. Th 3 sum realised by
this sale was 214/., and on the 26:h of July, 1851,
she attended at his chambers, in Middle Temple-lane,
where the deed was executed, and received the amount
from the hands of the persons who had conducted the
transaction. After their d-parture she was left alone
with the prisoner in his rooms, and then he said,
" Now, I advise you not to take this money
home, for you may have some mischance
with it. Be advised by me, and go at once
to the Commercial Bank and deposit it there in
our j oint narnes." She agreed to this,and immediately ac-
companied the prisoner to the bank, where the amount
(minus 41.) was deposited in her behalf. The four
sovereigns were deducted from the 214/. because she
had expressed a wish to have a small portion of the
money for immediate use, but before she had left the
bank many minutes the prisoner actually borrowed
one of the sovereigns from her on some pretence, and
never repaid it. The next day he went to the bank
with a cheque bearing the forged signature of the.
prosecutrix, and drew out 251. of the money. Two
days afterwards he took out 801. in the same manner.
On the Bth of August he took out 551. more, and
subsequently, at short intervals, the remainder of the
money. Soon after the prisoner was in possession of
a handsomely furnished house at Chiswick, where his
' friends were entertained with a degree of liberality
that surprised them ; for he had suddenly emerged
from a position of obscurity to one of comparative
opulence. In the meantime the poor widow made
useless attempts to see him at his chambers, and wrote
constantly for information respecting her affairs, or
some assistance in money. In answer to her appeals she
received a great number of letters, dated from Chis-
wick, and occasionally containing Is., 35., and some-
times 4s. "on account," out of the money he was
receiving on her behalf from Scotland.
The prosecutrix, a middle-aged woman, very plainly
attired, gave her evidence nearly to the foregoing
effect, and was then exposed to a long cross examina-
tion by the prisoner, as to the private habits of her
husband and herself, to both of whom he imputed acts
of constant dissipation. She denied the charge, and
also an assertion made by the prisoner that he was
requested by her late husband's brother, the Rev.
James J. Wood, to take the management of her
affairs upon himself. The prisoner declared that the
husband died of delirium tremens, and that his wife
(the prosecutrix) was drunk the same day ; and that
the brother had expressly told him not to intrust
either of them with more than Is. 6d. per day.
A number of the prisoner's letters were handed up
to the magistrate for perusal, after which
Mr. HEN Rl' said that this prosecution ought to be
taken up by the bankers who had been defrauded, and
who were certainly liable to pay the prosecutrix the
whole of the money which had been obtained by the
prisoner's forgery. It was quite clear from the pri-
soner's own letters that the poor woman had been
most cruelly defrauded of every bit of her property,
and it would be too bad to visit her with the expenses
of the prosecution.

Mr. Wontner thanked his worship for his sugges-
tion. He had been anxious to prevail on the bankers
to do so.

A gentleman who represented the Commercial
Bank promised to represent the matter at the next
meeting of their board, pending which
Mr. HENRY remanded the prisoner for a week.
Before his removal from the bar a gentleman ap-
plied for the permission of the Court to have an inter-
view with the prisoner respecting the chambers in his
occupation, which had been sublet to him by a mem-
ber of the Middle Temple, who had never received a
farthing's rent, but now hoped to get possession of the
rooms.
The prisoner (very coolly)—Oh, just so. I shall be
very happy.

THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH in INDIA.
Vigorous measures are being adopted by the court
of directors of the East India Company for the for-
mation of 'electric telegraphs in India, and before the
end of next year telegraphic communication will be
established through the length and breadth of our
eastern empire. Active preparations have been
making during the last four months for providing in this
country and sending out the necessary wires and appa-
ratus; and the company's depot at Warley, near
Brentwood, has for the time been used as an experi-
mental and educational department, where the soldiers
who are going out to India may be instructed in the
mode of laying down the wires and in the working of
the instruments, so that they may be perfectly effi-
cient. On the common at Warley three or four thou-
sand yards of wire have been mounted on posts,
according to the plan that it is proposed
to adopt ; and other wires, insulated on the
plan used in this country, have also been set up,
for the purpose of comparing the two systems. The
kind of instruments to be used remains yet a question
to be determined. It is intended to give a fair trial
to all those that possess special merit ; and on Tues-
day the inventors of different telegraphs were invited
to send instruments to Warley for the inspection of
the court of directors, who paid a special visit to the
depot on that day to view the telegraphic arrange-
ments. It is desirable, however, before we describe
the proceedings at Warley, to glance at the circum-
stances which have more immediately influenced the
court of directors to establish the electric telegraph in
India.
The prime mover of the undertaking we believe
to be Dr. O'Shaughnessy, of the company's medical
department, who had long taken great interest in the
invention of the electric telegraph, and who perceived
at once its vast importance to the Indian Govern-
ment. He succeeded in interesting the Governor-
General in the matter, who was so impressed with the
advantage of this means of communication that he
instructed Dr. O'Shaughnessy to proceed at once
to construct an experimental line without wait-
ing for the apparatus from England. The only
materials at command for making the lines were a
number of iron rods; these were fastened together,
and supported on bamboos, and in this manner an es
tempore, but very effective, telegraphic line was
formed.
It is fortunate that Dr. O'Shaughnessy was thus
compelled to have recourse to the use of iron rods, for
it enabled him to determine at once that the wires
employed for the purpose in England would be quite
inadequate to the Indian telegraph. In this country,
where the lines are carried along railways, and where
there are no living obstacles to contend with, the
thin iron wire, called No. 8 gauge, answers its pur-
pose passing well; but no sooner were the rods
mounted on their bamboo supports in India than flocks
of that largest of all birds, the adjutant, found the rods
convenient perches ; and groups of monkeys congre-
gated upon them ; showing clearly enough that the
ordinary wire would be insufficient to bear the strains
to which the telegraphic lines would be subjected. It
was found also that not only must the wire be
stronger, but that it must be elevated higher, to allow
loaded elephants, which march about regardless of
roads or telegraphic lines, to pass underneatb. Pro-
viding against the difficulties as they occurred, Dr.
O'Shaughnessy succeeded in forming a good working
line of telegraph for a distance of eighty miles from
Calcutta.
The instrument he employed was of the simplest
kind. It consisted of a galvanometer made from the
needle of a pocket compass, round which a coil of
thin covered wire was twisted, and a strip of card was
fixed on the needle to serve as an index. With instru-
ments of this kind, which did not cost more than half-
a-crown, signals were transmitted along the line with
great ease at the rate of seven or eight words in a
minute. The needle of this galvanometer, instead
of being fixed vertically, as in the ordinary needle in-
struments, was laid horizontally iu the magnetic meri-
dian, and a permanent magnet was placed at one of
the poles to cause the needle to return to zero quickly
later each deflection. When the telegraphic commu-
nication had been thus practically effected, it was
subjected to attacks to which the telegraphs in this
country are but little exposed. Storms of lightning
destroyed the galvanometer coil., and hurricanes
laid prostrate the posts. Undaunted by the opposi-
tion of the elements, Dr. O'Shaughnessy contrived a
lightning conductor for the instruments, and strength-
ened the supporting props. Having thin vanquished
all difficulties, and shown that telegraphic communi-
cation could be established in India independently of
railways, the Earl of Dalhousie urged the court of
directors to complete the work on
oam comprehen-
sivetl
scale. The court acted so e
recommendation, that within threep mopntyhsoonf thisthe
date of the dispatch from the Earl of Dalhousie, in-
structions were received in India to commence the
work without delay; and at a few days' notice Dr.
O'Shaughnessy was sent to England to make the
necessary preFaratiow He has been actively en-

gaged since his arrival in this country, about four
mouths since, in rnale,me the necessary arrange-
ments for laying down 3,000 miles of thick galvanized
wire ; and in in-,trucring the sappers and miners
at the East India Company's depot at Warley in all
the manipulations in which they will be requila d to
assist. In abaut three months the wire and all the
other materials required are expected to be com-
pleted and shipped for India. A large body of men
will be immediately set to work, and, commencing at
twenty ditirent points of a line. it is estimated that it
will proceed at the rate of twenty miles a day. One
of the first lines undertaken will be frein Calcutta to
Bombay.
On Tuesday the court of director?, who had in-
vited a number of friends and scientific gentlemen
to accompany them, proceeded to Brentwood by the
eleven o'clock train from Shoreditch, and on their ar-
rival at Warley were escorted by the yeomanry cavalry
to the depot on Warley common. After witnessing some
military manoeuvres and inspecting the barracks gene-
rally, the chairman, Sir James Hogg, put himself under
the direction of Dr. O'Shaughnessy, who conducted
the party to the common, where the experimental
lines are erected. One of the peculiar characteristics
of the railway lines intended for India, as contrasted
with the English lines, is the greater distance be-
tween the posts, which are higher and stronger
than those generally used. The thick wire is
raised to a height of fourteen feet, on posts nearly
the eighth part of a mile apart. To obtain the
necessary strength to bear the strain, the posts
are fixed with screw piles. To show the strength
of the wires thus extended, a rope was hung to the
centre of the wire of largest span, anda soldier
climbed up it, the weight of his body producing but a
slight curvature. The common deflection arising
from the weight of a wire of a furlong span does not
exceed eighteen inches. Dr. O'Shaughnessy's plan
of underground communication, when such a mode of
laying down the wires is desirable, is very economical.
The copper wires coated with gutta percha, instead
of being inserted in iron tubes, are inlaid in wooden
sleepers, well saturated with arsenic, to protect
them from the white ants, and they are then
laid in a trench about two feet deep. An un-
derground system of two wires may thus be
laid down for 3.51. the mile. After the mode
of constructing the lines had been shown, Mr. Sta-
tham, the manufacturer of coated gutta percha wire,
exhibited his plan of firing cannon with a gutta percha
fusee. Ten thousand yards of coated wire were laid
in coils on the common, and a cannon was three times
fired through that length of wire by means of a vol-
taic battery, the flash of the powder being instanta-
neous with the contact of the wires.
The party then proceeded to a room fitted up
as a workshop, where the men are instructed in
the modes of making joints, soldering, and other
operations connected more particularly with laying
coated wires underground. The plan adopted for
joining the lengths of the thick galvanized wire
was also shown, and it is well deserving of imitation
in the formation of joints on the lines in this country.
The two ends having been turned, so as to link into
one another, they are introduced into a mould, like a
bullet mould, and en ingot of zinc is cast over them,
forming a most substantial joint, and perfect metallic
connexion.

In an adjoining room various telegraphic instru-
ments which it proposed to try on the Indian lines
were exhibited. Dr. O'Soaughnessy briefly explained
the principles on which the different instruments are
constructed, and the inventors were called on to ex-
hibit and explain them more fully. Among the indi-
cating needle instruments was the simple galvanometer,
originally used by Dr. O'Shaughnessy in India, that
had conveyed the intelligence to Calcutta of the cap-
ture of Rangoon. Mr. Allen showed his needle-in-
dicating instruments ; Mr. Bain exhibited his dot-
ting instrument, working at the rate of 1,500 letters
a minute; Mr. Bakewell explained and showed in
action his copying telegraph, which transmits fac-
similes of writing ; and Mr. Brett exhibited his
printing telegraph, which prints the message from a
type-wheel.
When the inspection of the apparatus was com-
pleted, the company repaired to the White Hart Inn
at Brentwood, where a cold collation was provided.
A. few toasts were drunk appropriate to the occasion
of the visit, and Sir James Hogg, in pro-
posing the health of Colonel Hay, the com-
manding officer of the depot, highly complimented
him, Colonel Leslie, and the other officers, for the
very efficient manner in which they regulated the es-
tablishment, attending as well to the comforts as to the
discipline and good conduct of the men under their
command. In proposing the health of Dr. O'Shaugh-
nessy, Sir James took credit to the court of direc-
tors for their promptness in acting on the recommen-
dation of Lord Dalhousie. In this instance, at all
events, he observed (excited, perhaps, by the sub-
ject-matter), the court had shown that they were
not so slow to move as they were often accused of
being.
A special train conveyed the court of directors
and their friends from Brentwood at half-past
four o'clock, after a most satisfactory and interesting
visit.