The Sun.
London, England, 1864-08-17 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 17, 1864.

TEE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA,

(From the Times' 'Correspondent.)

Nzw YORK, Aug. 29.

General Grant's supposed change of base to the
north of the James at Deep Bottom was but a ruse
guerre. It does not appear, however, to have
answered its purpose. The Confederates provided
for the danger that might have been incurred had
the movement been genuine, but they left no weak
point elsewhere in consequence of their vigilance at
this. They knew that Grant had been undermining
Petersburg, if they did not know the exact spot in
which he had been operating, and took all possible
precautions to defeat or circumvent him. At the
early dawn of Saturday morning, the 30th of July,
the grand movement which in the expectation of
the President, the War Secretary, the Lieutenant.
General, and of all who had been admitted into the
secret, was to retrieve the ovil fortune of the cam-
paign and open the way to Richmond over the ruins
of Petersburg, was made. A mine 400 yards in
length, upon the construction of which the sappers
and miners of the Army of the Potomac, under the
personal inspection of Generals Grant and Barns
side had been secretly engaged for 33 days, was
successfully sprung. Six tons of gunpowder stored
at its extremity were exploded, and a Confederate
earthwork mounting 16 guns and defended by 500
soldiers of the South Carolinian Volunteers was
hurled into the air, carrying above the housetops
the mangled, blackened, and mutilated cerpses of
two or three hundred men, and shaking with the
repercussion the city and the country for miles
around. The order to charge over the ruins was
immediately given, and the news of the great
deed was transmitted to the Government and to
the Northern people. It reached this city on
Sunday forenoon, when the ears of the multitudes
pouring out of church were saluted by the discor-
dant shouts of the newsboys selling extra edi.
tions of the Herald, containing what was entitled
the " Glorious Victory of General Grant," " the
Destruction of Petersburg !" and " Capture of Rich-
mond !"

Sunday news in New York as in London is gene-
rally looked upon with suspicion, but the details in
this case were so circumstantial that disbelief of the
main facts was impossible. Shoddy rejoiced and
made merry; the Loyal League was jubilant—the
office-holders, anxious for a new lease of power nu.
der Mr Lincoln, were light of heart ; and credulous
people, who form the great majority in this impul-
sive city, were loud in their praise of Grant—of his
bulldog tenacity of purpose, of his unrelenting grip
of his enemy, and of his genius as a soldier. They
called,him a Titan in a blue coat," a greater than
'Wellington or Napoleon, the restorer of the Union,
the Saviour of his country, and much more to the
same effect—though it must be added that there
were not wanting thousands who took a calmer view
of the matter and resolved to moderate their joy
until fuller details were received—nor many who
hoped that the victory to be gained would be worth,
in the future saving of life, the awful butchery by
which it was accomplished. No farther news was
received until three or four hours after the publie
cation of the morning papers of Monday, most of
them put into their own language the wild hopes
of the people, and proclaimed that not only was
the backbone of the rebellion broken this time, but
that its head was " smashed in," and the life fast
oozing and ebbing out of it. But by twelve o'clock
there were ominous rumours in Wall-street which
sent up the pries of gold 5 and ultimately 8 per cent.
It was stated in true American parlance that
" Grant was whipped out of his boots ;" that the
assaulting party had been repulsed with awful loss ;
that 10,000 men had been sacrificed in the vain
attempt to carry the inner line of the Confederate
works, and that Grant had left the scene of disaster
to consult with President Lincoln at Fortress Mona
roe. This time rumour was not at fault, or, if her
tongue had said the thing which was not, it was
only to the extent of overestimating losses which
no one could exactly compute, but which were
known to be enormous. In the evening the full
details were published. The Confederates, startled
by the explosion, were not paralysed. Though
Grant opened upon them with a discharge of all
the artillery along his line, General Beauregard was
at his post—undaunted, ready, and alert, and did
such murderous execution upon the advancing
columns of the Federals, mowing them down from
the front and from both sides with a continuous
discharge of shot and shell that no mortal troops
could hold their own against it. The white comba-
tants of the 2d, the 15th, and 18th divisions fought
valiantly, as long as a hope remained, to carry the
inner lines at the point of the bayonet, and just at
the critical moment the coloured disision under
Brigadier-General White was ordered to their sup-
port. Tne sight of these auxiliaries seemed to
inspire the Confederates with redoubled fury, and
such a fire was opened upon them as decided the
contest, in a few minnteq The poor neernes fell
literally by hundreds at every discharge. Their
officers were killed off. They had none left to order
them what to do or to animate their failing courage
by a word of cheer or of command. They turned
and fled, helter-skelter, and the day was lost. The
Black Brigade of the Army of the Potomac virtually
ceased to exist. The killed, the wounded, and the
prisoners amounted to between 4,000 and 5,000.1
The white regiments which bore the first brunt of
the advance, suffered as severely ; so that according
to the best estimate that can be formed out of the
conflicting reports from the field it seems no exagge-
ration to say that this abortive attempt of General
Grant to thunder his way into Petersburg must
have cost him B,COO if nut 10,000 men. it is said
by his admirers—for the more reckless he shows
himself the mere he is praised—that this failure
will not interfere with Grant's plans, and that he
will try rgain, even should he lose one half of his
army in the at tempt, hopeless to others but by no
means hopeless to him, This, however, depends
upon Mr. Lincoln. The two had a consultation on
board the steamer Baltimore, which proceeded to
sea, out of the reach of eavesdroppers, where they
no doubt debated what was beat to be done. If
neither of them can see that Petersburg and Rich-
mond are virtually impregnable, that the campaign
is a failure, and that if the Army of the Potomac
do not voluntarily move towards Washington it may
be driven thitherward against its will and with
tremendous loss, they aro too blind to palpable
realities to be fit for the task of Government. There
is scarcely a Northern man who does not admit the
deep humiliation of this Confederate victory,
achieved so easily that General Lee was able to
spare a large force from the defences of Petersburg
to carry fire and sword into the heart of Pennsyl-
vania, to destroy Chambersburg, to threaten Balti-
more, Washington, Pennsylvania, and Pittsburg ;
and to bring home to the experiences of the
Northern people the miseries which they have so
long inflicted upon the South, and of which the
citizens of New York and Boston are so utterly
ignorant. None can yet tell what passed between
the two high functionaries, or what painful feel-
ings must have been predominant in Mr. Lincoln's
mind when ho knew—if he really does know—the
extent of the calamity that has befallen his main
army—that army by the victories of -which
he hoped to secure such credit before the first
week of November as would secure him that
reelection to the Presidency on which in
an evil hour for himself and his country
he set his heart. Bat if he do not make the best of
this very bad business and ca!l home the army to de-
fend Washington a still deeper humiliation may be
In Store for him, and the peace, which he cannot
make by own magnanimity or the courage and
fortune of his general, may be forced upon him at
the sword'a Paint in the hands of a victorious enemy,
prescribing the conditions in his helpless capital,
and sending down to posterity the name of Abraham
Lincoln as the last and worst Pre2idcut of the
united frates, and the unskilful and unlucky pilot
wee not
only 17ade snipwreck of the glory but of
the liberty of his country.
as it probably will, to the
This defeat—leading,
abandonment of the campaign in Virginia—will
make so end of the pretensions of Gen. Grant to the
Presidency, if he ever had any, and to any chance
o his nomination at Ceicago. As the day ap.
i
proaches when the Democratic party s to assemble
in that city to choose their leader the intrigues of
e:i peliCns of both parties Eliape and deve.

lopment. Were Mr Lincoln a true patriot, he would
in face of present circumstances forego his shadowy
claim to reelection, and quietly allow, if he did not
even recommend, the people to make choice of a new
man, for peace or war as their judgment might de.
cide. But he is not of the heroic mould, was not
born great, has achieved no greatness, and cannot
even have greatness thrust upon him, so immeasure-
ably is he behind the position which he holds, but
does not fill. He is not of the class of men who are
equal to the task of self.sacrifice. Possession of
power first fascinated and then demoralised him.
He has got the idea from parasites and flatters, or,
perhaps, from the shallow " depths of his own
consciousness," that he is not only the first, but the
wisest, greatest, and best man in the State, and the
Heaven-sent instrument who is to achieve the salva-
tion of his country. And although his glaring failure
and the discredit which his Administration has cast
both at home and abroad oa the name of the Ame.
rican people and their capacity for self-government
has divided the Republican party, by whose vote he
was elevated to power, Mr Lincoln does not take
the hint to depart, but blunders on in his purposes,
evidently as willing to ruin his party as to ruin his
country, provided he have a chance to retain posses•
sion of office. Were he out of the way the Republi.
cans and Abolitionists would certainly unite their
votes in favour of Gen. Fremont, and thus oppose a
firm and perhaps successful front to the growing
power of the Democrats. The latter, warned by the
divisions of their opponents, and remembering that
it was only by their own fatal schisms in 1860 that
Mr Lincoln was elected and the war inaugurated,
are striving to forget minor differences and to unite
at Chicago in support of one man. Whoever that
man may be, they can carry his election if they will,
provided always that his election be open and peace-
able as in happier days; and that under the war
power and the plea of military necessity, Mr Lin-
coln do not declare martial law in such Steel or
States as may be known to have so organised their
votes as to give a majority against him. This danger
is not chimerical. Mr Lincoln is constantly urged
by the revolutionary faction to resort to a coup
(Petal of this kind, and thus get rid of Gen. Fre-
mont and the Democratic candidate by one stroke.
It is doubtful, however, if he has the nerve to be the
first actor in such a revolution. If he had, the next
six months of American history would be more in-
structive to the world than all the years that have
preceded them ; and the believers in a Republican
form of government based upon universal suffrage
would see sights very likely to disgust them.
Though the war section, daily diminishing in
strength and influence, and losing faith in the
ultimate success of military efforts to restore the
Union, would cheerfully support M'Clellan as its
candidate, the peace section, weary of the war, and
loving liberty and State rights more than Union,
will not register its votes for him, unless he will
resign his commission in the Federal army. They
urge that his recent speech at West Point on the
inauguration of the monument to the Federal soldiers
slain in battle was much too warlike in its tone and
tendency, unless modified by subsequent action on
his part, or wholly disavowed, to entitle him to con-
fidence. They also urge that as an advocate of
State rights, upon which alone he can be elected, he
ought to throw down a sword which the President
can compel him to draw in support of a contrary
principle. General M'Clellan hesitates to adopt this
course, and if his hesitation continue for 10 days or
a fortnight longer his chance will be lost. He will
not secure the nomination, and the Peace Democracy
controlling the Convention will bring forward an-
other candidate, pledged to an armistice, to a con-
vention of the States, and a return to the principles
of the Constitution—which leave slavery to local
legislation, and extrude it wholly from the domain
of Federal politics. There are at least a dozen promi-
nent Northern stateseeen who would gladly consent
to stand upon this platform, among whom, in addi-
tion to those mentioned in previous letters, are ex-
President Millard Fillmore and Franklin Pierce,
and Mr. Dean Richmond, president or chairman of
one of the great New York Railway companies, and
manager or wire-puller, of what is called the " Al-
bany Regency"—a clique or " ring" of persons who
control the Tarnmany,or original organisation of the
New York Democracy. At present, while M'Clellan
holds aloof, Mr. Dean Richmond is the favourite of
a large section of the Democrats, and the name more
likely than any other to unite in its support the
suffrages of his party. But there are yet 27
days before :the nomination, and in that time
new names may come uppermost and old ones go
down. The star of peace is in the ascendant. The
war is an admitted failure. The North has under-
taken what it cannot accomplish, It has already
paid more than it, likes is men, money, character,
and the substantial blessings of liberty and pros-
perity, and hesitates to make further sacrifices.
Were M'Clellan to come bravely out, and declare
emphatically that he was for peace and compromise,
no other candidate could stand before him. The
issue would be between him and General Fremont,
and the triumph of either would be in all probabi-
lity bring compromise, if it did not bring union.
The next month promises to be an eventful one both
in politics and war, and possibly also in finance.
The Presidential contest will soon absorb every-
body's attention, and men will be much more
urgently needed at Washington than at Richmond
or Atlanta, or else all signs and portents are decep-
tive.

THE DEFEAT OF GRANT AT PETERSBURG.

The correspondent of the New York limes gives
details of the repulse of the Federal attack upon
Petersburg. lie says that some one had " blun-
dered" in a manner " worse than a crime." " "The
affair of Saturday has," he says, " lost to us the
labour of a month's preparation, and, worse than all
this, has sacrificed thousands of valuable lives."

The correspondent thus sums up the relative pude
tions of the two armies at the period of the battle,
the object sought to be gained by the attack, and
the plans of the few days preceding :
" With the :passage of the James was exhausted
all possibilities of a movement by the left dank,
with Richmond as the objective point. Nothing,
therefore, remained to General Grant bet to assault
the rebel lines in front of him at Petersburg. The
past six weeks have been devoted to preparation
for this assault. From dsy to day, by the aid of
the shovel and the pick, our lines have Leen insidi.
onely advanced by zigzags and covered ways, until
the outlying pickets of both armies have scarcely
averaged 500 yards' distance between them. Along
portions of the tine the interval between the rifle
pits was scarcely 150 yards. The ground ever which
our advances have been made is itself a series of
natural fortifications, adding vastly to the difficulty
of taking possession of it. Perhaps your readers
will form a more perfect opinion of its features if I
tell them that it very much resembles Greenwood
Cemetery in its profile. There are similar hills
and eminences, eloping more or less precipitovedy
into ravines, which intersect at every conce',vable
angle, and many of the elevations are thickly
wooded. Over ground of this impracticable nature
our men have steadily fought and dug their way,
driving the enemy before them until only one hill
remained for them to take to place our guns in a
position commanding at an easy range the town of
Petersburg. It is known as Cemetery-hill. 1:8
crest:, frowning with guns, is not more than 800
yards distant from our advanced works, and its
gently sloping sides are welted with long rows of
earthworks, pitted with redouble and rectums and
ridged with serried salicnts and curtains, and all
the skilful defences known to skilful military en-
gineers. The vital importance to us of this point
will readily be admitted. To gain it by direct as-
sault must necessarily cost many lives, but to gain
it in the cheapest manner gave occasion for the dia.
play of that high strategy of which General Grant
nee long since proved himself the rneeter There•
fare it was that on Tuesday night last the 2il Carps,
under General Hancock, and two divisions of
cavalry under General Sheridan, and another
division under General Kautz, crossed the James
river for tho purpose of engaging the enemy, who
misled by some preliminary operations of General
Foster's cemmand at Deep Bottom, and also of a
portion of the 19th Corps at Strawberry Plains,
a mile below, had a day or two earlier heavily rein-
forced the troops in the vicinity of Malvernehill.
The dernotietretien here had preciee/y the effect

which General Grant desired. Fearing a serious
attack, Lee despatched a column, estimated at from
12,000 to 15,000 strong, from before Petersburg, and
the railroad between Petersburg and Richmond
was kept busy on Friday and Friday night in
transporting the troops. To keep up the rebel Ge-
neral's delusion, an immense train of more than
400 empty covered waggons, mainly the transpor-
tation of the 6th Corps, crossed the Appomatox on
Friday in broad daylight, in fall view of rebel sig-
nal lookouts at Bermuda Hundred, as if destined
for the army at Deep Bottom. But on Friday
night, as the rebels were hurriedly taking posses-
sion of their new line, the 2d Corps and the cavalry
were quietly withdrawn, with an additional facility
for rapid movement in a third pontoon bridge laid
across the James in the afternoon. By daylight this
morning, these troops were nearly all in position to
cooperate with the remainder of the army in the at-
tack. The strategy was, therefore, perfect, and no
share of the reverse can be attributed to failure in
this part of the programme. All these stratagems,
too, were conducted with such secrecy that informaa
tion of their precise bearing was narrowed down to
the circle of the Corps Commanders. Until late on
Friday night few persons in the army were disposed
to believe differently from what General Lee suss•
pected—viz., that a movement upon Richmond was
intended from the north side of the James, and
were only undeceived when, at one o'clock this
morning, the troops were got into position for the
assault. The tactics of the movement were under
Gen. Meade's direction. His arrangement of troops
and order of battle were as follows :—The 18th Corps
(Gen. Ord) was withdrawn on Thursday morning
from its position on the extreme right, resting on the
Appomattox, being relieved by Mott's division of the
2d Corps, and massed in rear of the 9th Corps (Burn-
side's), the centre of our line in front of which
the attack was to be initiated. The extreme left,
held by the sth Corps (Warren's) was to be in readi-
ness to advance as soon as Burnside pierced the
works in front of him. Collaterally, but in unison
with the advance of the infantry, every piece of
siege artillery posted along the line was ordered to
open simultaneously upon the enemy at a given sig-
nal made by the explosion of a mine containing S
tons of powder, which was placed directly beneath
the rebel battery which Burnside was to assault.
Not only were the siege pieces to open a fierce fire,
but all the field artillery which could be got into
position after the opening of the battle was to
advance as opportunity offered, and bring their
batteries into play. Upon this awful fire of heavy
guns it was natural that great stress should be
placed, in the expectation that the shock of its
suddenness would have a demoralising effect, and
make the way of the infantry easier. So far
all was well arranged, suocess was promising,
and much confidence was felt in the result. The
time fixed for the assault was half-past 3, when,
without any moon, an almost Cimmerian darkness
would effectually shut out from the enemy the un-
avoidable stir and bustle of the troops as they got
into position. But just here the first misfortune of
the day occurred. Upon attempting to fire the mine
the fuse or slow match failed, and another was tried,
I am told, with a similar result, The third fuse was
successful in its mission, but the hour's delay had
made it broad daylight, and in consequence the
enemy's suspicions were aroused (at least along a
portion of his front) and we were robbed of the ad-
vantage of a surprise. This was a very great mis-
fortune. The army felt it to be such as they stood in
suspense and silent impatience in the cold grey of
the morning, crouching on their arms, Of the effect
of the explosion you have been apprised. Ile mine
has been talked of in the army for weeks, but only
with 'bated breath, although whisperings concern-
ing it have been wafted over from the rebels,
Clearly they did not know its precise locality, and
few on our bide I suspect were any wiser. It has
been tacitly acknowledged as an improper subject
for conversation, and the most curious have appeared
to feel the propriety of checking themselves. The
noise of the explosion was a dull, rumbling thud,
preceded, I am told, by a few seconds' swaying and
quaking of the ground in the immediate vicinity.
The earth was reat along the entire course of the
excavation, heaving slowly and majestically to the
surface, and folding sideways to exhibit a deep and
yawning chasm, comparable, as much as any ruing
else, to a river gorged with ice, and breaking up
under the influence of a feeahet. But there was a
grander effect than this observable also. Where the
charge in the burrow was heaviest directly under
the rebel work, an immense mass of dull red earth
was thrown high in air, in three broad columns,
diverging from a single b,,se, and assuming the
shape of a Prince of Wales's feather of colossal
proportions. Those near the spot say that clods of
earth weighing at least a ton, and cannon and hu-
man forms, and gun carriages, and small arms were
all distinctly seen shooting upward in that fountain
of horror, and fell again in shapeless and pulverised
atoms. The explosion effected what was intended.
It demolished the 6-gun battery and garrison of Ulla
regiment of Carolina troops, and acted as the wedge
by opening the way to the assault. Our men were to
rush through this breach, and so beyond upon the
second line of works which crown the crest of
Cemetery-hill, thus compelling the enemy to evacu-
ate the first line, or, what was more probable, to
surrender under the fire of our artillery. The awful
instant of the explosion had scarcely passed when
the dull morning air was made stagnant by the
thunder of our artillery. From 9,5 pieces niched
in every hillside commanding the enemy's position,
there belched out sheets of flame and milk-white
smoke, while the shot and shell sped forward,
screeching, howling, rumbling like the rushing of
a hundred railroad trains. But why attempt to
give an idea of such indescribable and awful
sound? The sudden transition from utter silence
to fiercest clamour was terrible. So the rude combat
raged without sign of slackening
for two long
hours. At first the:enemy was slow is replying to
our fire, but gradually their pieces were brought
into action, and in less than half an hour banks of
angry smoke partially veiled the scene from both
sides. In accordance with the plan of the battle
the Ist division of the 9th Corps (Ledlio'B) was made
the assaulting column. General Ledlie formed his
troops in three lines of battle, having each a front
of about 600. The 2d brigade of this division (Gea
neral Marshall) led the assault, followed by the Ist
brigade (General W. F, Bartlett), and the third line
made up of the 3d bzigade (Colonel Gould's). The
left of Ledlie'a division was supported by Brigas
dier-General llartraupft's brigade of the 2d division
(Wilcox's), and its right by General Griffin's brigade
of Potter's division. The 4th division of the 9th
corps (all negrocs) was posted directly in rear of ;he
assaulting column, to press forward whenever prac-
ticable, The 14th New York Heavy Artillery were
the first to enter the breach made by the explosion.
They bounded forward at the word, in the midst of
the shock of the artillery, through the dense clouds
of flying dust, and, clambering over the debris,
found themselves violently pushed down into the
yawning crater. The sight which there met them
must have been appalling. Bodies of dead
rebels crushed and mangled out of all resemblance
to humanity, writhing forms
protruding here, and legs struggling there, a very
hell of horror and torture, confined to a space 50 feet
wide. But the time was
in length and half as many partly buried, arms
not favourable to the play of humane prompting%
This chaos of mingled humanity mixed with debris of
implements and munitions of war must be unheeded.
Enough for the storming party to do was found in ex-
huming two pieces of rebel cannon with theircsisans,
and in obedience to the law of solfspres, rvation,
turning these guns upon the enemy, who was throw-
ing into the crater a shower of shells and minio balls
from the hill beyond, and from points on either side,
which they still held on this first line. Getting
I their pieces into position promptly, and under cover
of thrir fire, the assaulting celumn wen referreed,
and, at the ward of command, dee' cd forward once
more to storm the crest of the hill. It was a
task too great. They gallantly essayed it,
and nearly gained the summit, subjected all the
time to a withering fire, which increased in fierce.
fleas at every step, until they became the centre of
a converging storm of shot and shell. Attacked on
the right flank and the left flank, in front and roar,
theys were compelled to fall back to the partial pro-
tection of the crater, leaving their course thickly
ttrewri ev:9-1
. the dy;ag ziel the dead, Another

account says that Col. Marshall, of the Ist division,
had the advance, but as the terrific mass of earth
loomed up so suddenly and so near them a momen-
tary fear was felt that it was one of our own forts
which had been mined by the enemy. The delusion
was an optical one, but still had its effect in restrain.
ing the impetus of the first onset. I will not say
the men became panicstricken, bat they hesitated,
and the flue of battle swayed. At last the efforts
of the officers prevailed, and the brigade—but not
until some five or 10 minutes had elapsed—charged
with a wild cheer. The Ist brigade, under the gal.
lent Bartlett, was at their heels, and together Les-
lie's whole division charged through the breach.
'Mat few of the enemy were near by surrendered
without a shot. The breach was filled with rebels,
who were struggling to clamber out of the sand.
These, more fortunate than their comrades, had been
but partially buried. A detail was rapidly made,
and our men went to work to exhume all they could,
really as anxious now to disinter all whom a few
minutes before they had been anxious to bury. As
fast as extricated the rebels, with the other priso-
ners, were sent to the rear, the wounded to the hos-
pitals, where they arrived with the first of our own
injured. Indeed the one ambulance was often filled
with Union and rebel soldiers indiscriminately.
Following came the 35th Regiment of Massachu-
setts, the engineers of the division, who set to work
with their tools to reverse the slope of the rebel iine
of intrenchments and open up a covered way to the
works behind. Their efforts, however, were but
vainly employed, as the sequel shows. The coloured
troops, upon the heels of this repulse, were ordered
to charge, and they moved out gallantly, A hun-
dred yards gained and they wavered. Then the 39th
Maryland Regiment, which led, became panic-
stricken and broke through to the rear, spreading
demoralisation swiftly. Their officers urged them,
entreated them, threatened them, but failed to rally
them, and the mass, broken and shattered, swept
back like a torrent into the crater which was
already choked with white troops. The con-
fusion incident to this wholesale crowding
and crushing of the negro soldiers into the ranks of
the white troops very nearly caused the panic to
spread. Had such been the result, it might have
been fortunate, and many a brave fellow who after-
wards fell might have escaped his fate. But at the
moment the rebel fire, which had been murderously
directed upon the place, materially slackened, and
the white soldiers recovered their stamina. Our
lines were once more straightened, and just in time
to check an impetuous charge, which was after.
wards repeated, and with a similar result of heavy
loss to the assailants. Another account says that
in rear of the main column of attack the coloured
division had been formed, with a view to passing
the other divisions when they had gained the outer
line, and making this a starting point for the con-
tinuance of the charge. The first division held the
centre, with the second and third on either flank,
and now the fourth advanced beyond. The troops
were in two columns, each brigade constituting a
column. Their splendid discipline could not but be
observed, and in the early part of the contest no
soldiers behaved more gallantly. They charged
upon the next and an interior line of the enemy,
and for a time gained decided advantages, as is at-
tested in two rebel flogs which they captured and
brought off with them. But the rebels, exasperated
as we know them now to have been at sight of the
negroes, fought with the fury of devils, and rein-
forcements coming to their aid—our signal officers
counted six brigades hurried from a camp beyond
the town—the tide of battle turned. The coloured
troops gave way, broke in confusion, when the
rebels, having repulsed their charge, charged them
n turn, and then they ran, a terror-stricken, dis-
ordered mass of fugitives, to the rear of the white
troops. In vain their officers endeavoured to rally
them with all the persuasion of tongue, sabre, and
pistol. Whatever discredit attaches to the troops
themselves, their officers are beyond reproach. A
correspondent of the World, in a special de.
spatch dated on Monday, says when the negro
trcops were ordered forward their officers took
the lead, and from the manner iu which they
started it was believed they would easily ac-
complish their task. On arriving at the first line,
however, they seemed to waver and hesitate, and
finally, the great mass took position behind the
earthworks and in the fort where the other divisions
were massed. Quite a number, hosiever, kept on
their course, and those who were not kilted or
wounded were taken prisoners before they could
save themselves. As soon as the rebels discovered
the line halting they made a desperate charge, which
was as fiercely met by volleys from the white troops,
while the negroes fled in wild disorder to the rear.
Many a brave officer lost his life while doing his
utmost to rally them, and although portions of them
were got together and led forward by these gallant
men, they could not induce them to attempt another
charge, while it is said by many that they broke no
less than three times, each time suffering the most
frightful loss. The enemy's batteries were so placed
as to enfilade the ground over which they had gone,
and perfect showers of canister were sent among
them each moment they were in range. It soon
became evident that the effort to carry the hill was
useless, so mum time having been lost in trying to
get this division to do the work ; and about 9 o'clock
the order was given to hold as much of the ground
in our possession as possible, while the remainder
was to be evacuated. As coon as this became known
everybody felt that the entire object of the movement
had been defeated. And now the victorious flushed
enemy bore down upon the white divisions, and the
shock was a fearful one. The headlong charge was
stayed and repulsed again and again. Numbers of
our men had huddled into the crater of the exploded
fort, and the enemy's mortar shells burst among
them, causing a large sacrifice of life. The enemy
at the same time pressed the flanks of our army with
infantry and enfiladed them with artillery. At
length came the order to fall back, but it was not
accomplished without an additional and heavy lobe
in prisoners. Generals Griffin and Hartraugtt nar-
rowly escaped. General Bartlett, less fortunate,
is in the enemy's hands, He had been advised to
retire at a time when he could have done so in
comparative safety, but he waited With his brigade
to the last moment, and eventually became a prise.
ner. He went into the fight with his cane, and it is
reported that his
enemy's bullets. His bravery is the subject of ursi-
ft
ruorne
ti s
duringdeepl wooden leg was twice hit by the
was also Genera
versal comment throughout the corps, and his cap-
deeply regretted.
fight, as . General Grant was at the
Meade. Lee was without doubt completely out-
manceuvred, and but for the remarkable rapidity of
his movements and a combination of unfortunate
circumstances would have met with a:severe reverse.
By a series of stratagems and the marching and
countermarching of the 2d Corps General Grant had
eentirely p
troops
deceived
withdrawnhis ep
from our front and takeno opponent, and a large number
to the north bank of the James to oppose Hancock
and Sheridan. The moment these generale cam-
rnenced falling back to rejoin Grant, Lee returned
his troops
with all the rapidity in his power, but
would still have been too late but for that series of
circumstances that sometimes arises to frustrate the
best laid plans. At the time correspoodence left
Petersburg only a very general idea of the losses
sustained could be formed. The Herald correspqne
dent says that the killed and wounded numbee cer-
tainly not more than 1800, and fully 1000 prisone:s
have been taken. A number of our wounded fell
into the enemy's heeds. About 3uo of the coloured
troops were captured. What the enemy's loss is we
do hot know ; but we have about 400 prisoner re
The Times' cort::'auvudent says that the losses on
both bides were very sevs7!'e.
:.re rueghlyThe wounded in the
hospitals are more than 1,000. Probably 1,800
were taken prisoners, And the jellied wou'd swell
the list:materially. The losses in Ledi:e's division
put at fon-11.200 to 1,500, though there
are no correct means of getting at the factor as yet.
Competent judges say that the day's operation has
coat us between 4,000 and 5,000 men, The negro
division alone lost 53 officers."

Tho correspondent of the New York, Tribune

says,-.

"Everybody who Itiltnessed the transaction con-
curs in saying that it was most miserably managed;
that the rebels had no t one-fifth of our force within
their breastworks ; at td that the rest of the army
were eilent speetatemi rf the eoene of slaughter.

They say that the affair ought to have been a suc-
cess if rightly managed. The assault, which was
intended to have been a surprise, though only par-
tially successful in that respect, would have been
successfully executed but for the blundering of
somebody. The worst troops in the army led the
line of assault—troops who heretofore had acted
badly on various occasions. Our dead and wounded
yesterday morning at 10 o'clock had not been re-
moved. They were lying festering in the sun
within less than 300 yards in advance cf our lines.
General Grant met the President yesterday morn-
ing at the mouth of James River, having come down
for that purpose. They had a conference on board
the steamer."

A party of Confederate raiders are said to have
set fire to the town of Chambersburg. A despatch
from Harrisburg of the 31st of July gives the par.
titulars thus :

"General M'Causland was in command of the
rebel troops when they burnt Chambersburg. He
is a desperate, ferocious, and untamed freebooter,
ready at any time to violate the usages of honour-
able warfare, in order to gratify his dark and malig-
nant passions. After he had taken formal posses-
session of the town he made proclamation demanding
100,000 dole. in gold. It was, of course, impossible
to comply with such a demand, made no doubt in
full confidence of its failure, and sure of its afford-
ing a pretext to execute the premeditated plan for
destroying Chambersburg. The fact that the most
valuable portion of the merchandise had been res
moved previously added to the rage and disappoint-
ment of the rebels, and when they were thus inspired
were ordered to fire the Court-house, Town-hall,and
Bank buildings. A strong breeze communicated
the flames to the surrounding buildings. Parties
of soldiers, having sacked the several drug and
chemical stores, manufactured turpentine balls,
which they threw in all directions, creating as
many different flames in different localities, which
soon united in one general conflagration. Speedily
the scene became heartrending and appalling. The
cracking and roaring of the flames as they leapt
from house to house, the shrieks of terrified women,
panic stricken and suffering children, and the piti•
ful appeals of the old and helpless formed an inde.
scribable scene of horror. The citizens, without
protest, had submitted to plunder, and had even
appealed to the mercy of the rebel, but nothing could
appease the butcher and incendiary M'Causland.
Two hundred and sixty five of the most valuable
and elegant public and private buildings were de.
strayed. The town was fired at about 1 o'clock in
the forenoon. The rebels remained just long enough
to see the flames spread and got under proper head-
way when the alarm was given that Averill was
approaching the town. Instantly every freebooter
was in his saddle and hurriedly took to the St.
Thomas-road, with Averill in pursuit. No intelli-
gence has reached Harrisburg concerning the direct
effect of Averill's attack. It is believed, however,
that he succeeded in punishing M'Causland very
severely. A train heavily laden with commissary
stores was despatched from this city this morning to
Chambersburg to relieve the present wants of the
houseless women and children of that town, who now
crowded the surrounding fields and woods. Many
residences of prominent citizens in the outskirts of
the town were burnt, that of Colonel MiClure among
others, with his stables and outhouse. Among other
valuable property bnrnt were Lockhart and Howe's
mills, Washabaugh's brewery, Ludwig's brewery,
and many others. On Main-street the fire was
started at Benjamin Chambers's residence on the
west side of the street. The following residences
were burnt :—W. G. Reed, George Chambers, Allen
Smith's property, John Schofield; Matthew Welsh,
estate of Joseph Eyeter, and the Female Seminary,
Demick's drug store, James Watson's mansion and
store, W. Getwich's, John Nagle, the Franklin-
house, the Chambersburg Bank, Gilmore's corner,
Naylor's store and tin store, Spangler's drug store,
Dr. Richard's office and dwelling, Burkhart and
Hench's store and dwelling, the Post-office, Auchen-
burgh's jewelry store, Mrs. Bishop's establishment,
the residence of J. George Wolfe, Dr. Hamilton's
office, Judge Black's store, Jacob Hutton, J. M'Ciin-
took, Lewis Shoemaker, Simon Greenweli, the en-
tire property of the Riser estate, and the two pro-
perties of J. A. Gyst43r. The fire then skipped the
residence of Dr. Fisher and two other dwellings.
From Lu brick's up to the next corner every building
is burnt."

The Richmond Examiner of the 29th and 30th of
July contains details copied from Georgia papers
of a battle in front of Atlanta to show that the
Confederates claim it as a decisive and complete
victory; that they captured artillery, prisoners,
and colours, and drove Sherman over a mile. Peo-
ple, however, were leaving Atlanta, as Sherman's
shell were dropping freely in the city. The Macon
Telegraph says that the Federal raid on the Mont-
gomery and Atlanta Railroad was thorough work,
having torn up and burnt 25 miles of track. All
public stares and buildings, mills, &c., were de•
stroyed on the line of the raid, and all negroes and
stock were driven off. The Montgomery and West
Point Railroad is destroyed for 30 miles. The
Augusta Chronicle says raiders had captured Talla.
dega, and were but 25 miles from Montgomery,
with no serious obstacles in their way to that city.
Four thousand citizen soldiers had gathered at Co-
lumbus, Georgia, to prevent a raid on that place.

The Alleged Robbery of Royal Marine

Clothing.

At the Woolwich Police-court yesterday, John Clarke, a
pensioner from the Royal Marines, residing at 3, Elgin-
terrace, Woolwich, was placed at the bar before Mr Maude,
charged with the illegal possession of 17 pairs of unmanu-
factured trousers, 13 flannel shirts, two pieces of white cloth,
three pieces of calico, two pieces of holland. and numerous
other articles, supposed to have been stolen from the work-
shops of the Royal Marine Barracks, where the prisoner
was formerly employed as a tailor.

The case excited unusual interest in consequence of the
recent disclosures of fraud at the Royal Artillery Clothing
Stores, and a large number of the military and Royal
Marines were present.
Pelice.contable Ling, a detective officer of the R divi-
sion, stated that in consequence of receiving information
that a large amount or Royal Marine clothing was in the
prisoner's possession he proceeded on the previous night to
his residence at Elgin-terrace, and there found the property
produced. Several brushes and other articles were branded
with the broad arrow, and as the prisoner failed to give a
satisfactory account of their possession witness took him
into custody and removed the property in a cart to the
police station.
Jon, Watling, R.M., stated he was master tailor at the
Royal Marine Clothing Stores, and the prisoner, who had
been pensioned from the Royal Marines about five months,
was formerly employed under him as foreman. He believed
that the property produced came from the stores. Was
certain that the white cloth did, and also the black coat pro-
duced, which was made of the white cloth and had been
dyed.
The Prisoner—l wish to say that Mr Watling gave me
the white cloth and the calico produced some years ago.
Witness—Well, I might have done so.
Mr Maude—Then do you mean to say that you have any
right to dispose of such property ?
Witness—l have a certain quantity of materials served
out to me, out of which I am expected to produce a certain
number of articles, and, having done that, if any material
remains I consider it belongs to me. Since the prisoner has
left the Royal Marines I have given him out work occa-
sionally.
Mr Maude—ls any other officers connected with the
corps present?
Lieut. and Quartermaster Melville Silver, Royal Ma-
rines, stated that ho was not present officially, but merely
attended to hear the case.

Mr Maude—l think we must have your evidence.
Lieut. Silver was then sworn, and stated that the cloth-
ing department of the Woolwich division of the Royal Ma-
rine, was under his charge. He issued a certain quantity
of cloth :,'ad other materials monthly, out of which ho ex-
pected to :lave returned a certain number of articles of
clothing. e Government was pretty liberal, they all
knew that, and ,ho had no doubt that the master tailor
might have a nonsa2erable quantity of materials left after he
had supplied the arlici;s. At All events the master tailor
gave satisfaction to I.vitnessf and he bAieved also to the
\,-,-rnment. With regard to the sWrts produced, witness
must ol:°rvo that the proceeding was i.-regular, as the shirts
ought not to have' come out of the mast er-tailor's shop, but
out of the stores. The large quantity of articles now pro-
duced could not have, been carried out of the barracks at one
time, as they would .blive been .stoppEll .by the military
police. They must have t:.'een taken ,out at different times.
Mr Maude —Well, we wilt not call:, -them perquisites ; but
can you say that these articles have teen stolen from the
barracks ?
Witness—I have no doubt they c orne from the stores ;
but the master tailor has from time., to time an overplus,
which of course accumulates.
nAude—l think this is ca:ie oh requires more

explanation, and that we ought to have more information
as to the practice which prevails in the clothing depart-
ment of the corps. It is necessary that other officers
should attend and give evidence, and I shall therefore ad-
mit the prisoner to bail in £2O, and his recognisances of £-10,
to appear on this day week, Meanwhile the property will
remain in the hands of the police.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS,

TDIES.—Her Britannic Majesty cannot help
having a birthday. We can none of us help it,
though many of us regard the anniversary with
very different feelings from those it suggested
thirty, or forty, or fifty years ago. But every 24th
of May Queen Victoria is inevitably a year older,
upon which occasion guns are fired and there are
illuminations always very like those of last year.
Fortunately there is a succession of new and de-
lighted spectators, who return home after midnight
to tell their adventures. The State celebration of
the day is not always on the day ; indeed the day
itself seldom fits the public arrangements. Bat the
anniversary is not a public holyday or festivity.
The mass of the people know nothing about it. The
larger half of London east of St. Paul's need not
know anything about it. The State dues not go to
the expense of a flegstaff, a festoon in calico or in
green leaves, or a sky rocket, or a procession.
'there used, indeed, to be a procession of mail
coaches, with the guards in new coats; there is
now a parade behind the Horse Guards, a flag is
raised on the tower of St. Martin's Church, and,
as we have said, some small noisy ordnance are
carted into St. James's Park, and there discharged
with stunning effect. Such is the birthday of the
most powerful, most secure, and most beloved
Sovereign that ever sat on this throne.
Strange to say, by the side of this cele-
bration runs another, also a royal birth day.
The 4th of June survives in memory and at
Eton. We have heard it observed that the
4th of June always will be the Royal birthday, and
that Queen Victoria's will never be like it. We hope
and trust it never will. This seemingly disloyal
utterance will be understood by those who remember
when every 4th of June the Militia met, fired several
rounds in our market-places, and got gloriously
drunk in the afternoon; who remember the speeches
of the True Blue Clubs on that day ; who remember
that the excesses of the French Revolutionists and
the ambition of Napoleon were then considered to
justify every social iniquity, every legal tyranny,
and every official corruption. In fact, the 4th of
June was a political, not a royal anniversary. It
was the commemoration of a King just in that
capacity which time has condemned. But our
neighbours have an Imperial anniversary, and they
celebrate it. They have selected a good day for it.
The lath of August, besides its other associations in
Roman Catholic countries, is the Fete-day of the
present Emperor and of his uncle. The choice of
the day, therefore, for this purpose amounts to a
compromise or new concordat between the Empire
and the Church. It is a day of peace, and without
the taint of civil fend. Louis Philippe was obliged
to accept the " Three Glorious Days" but allowed
them gradually to lose tneir attractions. The Em-
peror had his choice ; indeed, he found a new
anniversary in full force—the 24th of February.
He took, however, neither this nor any other that
might have been associated with the foundation of
the Second Empire. He has availed himself of an
assistance which few Frenchmen can venture to
despise, and establish a partnership which the
strongest Legitimist must respect. We, in this
country, have nothing to do but to look on, and we
are always glad to find cur neighbours at once
happy, united, and religious. But such is the
Fete of the Empire ; and it is celebrated with so
much splendour and gaiety that, if a Londoner can
afford it, he ought once in his life to take a return
ticket and see Paris in its best attire and on its best
behaviour. The French understand decoration, holi-
day sights and holiday sounds—every man, women,
and child contributes to the festive whole with a
unanimity we never see here. To be sure, it is the
time when the colleges and gymnasia are breaking
up, when pretty children are going about crowned
with chaplets and bearing prizes, escorted by
happy parents and congratulated by kind com-
rades. Paris itself is laid out and planned for
spectacles. The gay troupes there have only to rush
in from the side scenes, and you have the real opera
before you. Can we stop to criticise what is cer-
tainly so charming, and what our own want may
tempt us to covet ? If we do criticise, it is because
we are not ourselves so carried away by the scene
as to forget some historical incidents and eras of
vicissitudes, and some inevitable proeesses of the
human mind. We have seen half-a-dozen different
fetes in our time at Paris, all national, but doomed
to a very brief run, and, what is worse, outliving
even their popularity. The anniversary of an Em-
pire must of course be political. It must undergo
a constant comparison with Republican and Royal
' anniversaries. It must recall generations and even
centuries from their grave. It must compel a con-
tinual reckoning of gains and losses, promises and
petnorulances, the substitute and the thing laid
aside. In private life wo most of us come in time
to dread the anniversary of happy nativities, joyous
weddings, and such white or golden days. There
are families that, confident iu their deserts or trust-
ing to their fortune, assemble once a year round the
family tree, and count kith in kin. But year by
year they will care less for the small accessions
which are but buds and germs of something yet to
be, and will feel more end more their substantial
and irreparable losses—the very giants of the grove
fallen for ever. There may be no precise parallel
to this in the annual review and stock-taking of an
Empire, but if an anniversary is to be anything,
and to answer any purpose, it must readily present
to the memory as great a stock of benefits received
or expected as the last or any former aenivere
wiry. As soon as the Frenchman begins to feel
himself a worse man for the new regime, or to
fancy that France itself does not come up to the
entire outline or the full brilliancy of any former
epoch in comparison, he will feel his loyalty flag-
ging, and be once more set adrift on that sea of
enterprise ever so dangerous to the Gallic tempera-
ment. In England such a process is impossible,
and out of the order of our very nature Lbut is far
otherwise across that narrow channel. How stands
the case there? "This is France," says the
French citizen—" the France that we have made,
the empire we have founded, the Emperor we have
elected, and the dynasty in which we still hope
and confide. It is the work of our own hands, and
we are justly proud of it. Has not the Emperor
done this and that, and are there not new fields of
glory open, to which the great Napoleon line will
never be found wanting ? " Such is the Empire of
the French, founded but the other day, and cer-
tainly the most successful institution of the age thus
far. Four or five years ago we might have said, as
we read the President's Message, that there was
something in the world more promising than even
the French Empire, We cannot say that now.
The French Empire is almost alone in the earth as
a new institution of the nineteenth century, com-
bining the liberty and vigour of the modern age
with the chivalry and splendour of the ancient.
But whether we wished it or not, this ever-recurring
anniversary compels us to note the progress of this
new and pretentious growth of time. What is the
Empire doing for France ? What for Europe ?
What for the World ? To the questions we ask
every Frenchman will ask a thousand others ' • and
if, on a favourable reply, the Emperor hopes for a
new eatintion and new lease of power, he must take
his chance of a reply that may not bo so favourable.
POST.—John Bright among the salmon fishers.
The great opponent of game, of its existence and
its protection, the etrong-voieed denouncer of plea-
sure in its pursuit, is, as a contemporary announces
who chronicles the movements of sporting men, at
this moment staying at the shooting and fishing
quarters of Mr. Bass, on the Spey, and has suc-
ceeded each day in bringing to the creel at least one
salmon or grilse. We are sincerely glad to hear it.
We congratulate the preservers of rivers, of moors,
and of stubble fields upon their convert, and we
congratulate John Bright upon the fresh means he
has seized of again obtaining the health and vigour
for which he was once so remarkable. Had he long
ago spent upon the banks of the Spey, or on the
moors that look upen it, the hours he wasted in his
anti-game campaign in hot committeee-rooms, Mr.
Bright would have been a wiser and a stronger man.
What a singular and extensive change has come
about in the public mind since that day when the
apostles of the utilitarian school preached against
sports and amusements, not because, like the steeple-
hatted soldier pulpit men of the Comwellian age,
they deemed them sinful, but because they regarded
every man who'did aught save manipulate cotton as
a more castaway, and every moment that was not
spent in its manufacture as wasted to the nation.
Thou Cobden railed against the grand old oaks of
the nobleman's park as useless, and Bright counted
the grains of wheat iu the crept of a partridge, and
denounced all who promoted their breeding as the
enemies of the human rice. It has passed away,
that crusade against what were, or were conceived
to be, the privileges of the territorial class. :,right
catches salmon in an exclusive river, and the
wealthy Quaker of Lancashire, the chief:7:st among
its great manufecturers, rents moors and rivers in
Scotland, and promotes in Ireland the p
of salmon with the same energy and wise appli-
roducliou
cation of capital as he has displayed in the manu-
facture of cotton goods iu Lancashire' Nor would
any one be less likely than the successful proprietor
of the "several" fisher-is in Galway to follow the
example of the peaceful Geddes of the Solwas-, and
throw open his sa:mon pools and streams to a crav-
ing public. The crusade is over,
have exchanged their sword and epethe crusaders
ar for the gun
were to blow a trumpet the rod, nni if they

at all, it would be in the shape of a straight horn.
at a cover side as a fox breaks away under the
nose of the quondam anti-sportsman, mounte.d
a three-hundred guinea thoroughbred. t al!
excellent thing that it is so, and that peace and
good fellowship have been established between
country and town, not by the defeat of the at-
tacked, but by the blending of the combatants,
and upon the inexplicable principle which pro-
duces that unaccountable result, a plumpudding,
the creation of a homogeneous whole by the milt-
ing of the most dissimilar ingredients. Public
opinion, the convictions, deep convictions they
sometimes call them, of the public mind. Phrases.
The public never gets beyond having impulses, 5E
these. are as shifting and convertible as the Nal.
binot.ions in a kaleidoscope. Ten years ago
opinion was for ploughshares—now, it gives th?
highest prize to the gun that can destroy the larges.
number of lives in the shortest time—ten years ago.
a man with a beard and a tarn-down collar wonia
have been mobbed—ten years ago it was a conviction
of. the public mind that England could not exist
years ago
without Manchester and America--ten.
we should have made a garroter the pet of LI fondly„r
public
foolish chaplain, instead of flogging him--ten ears
ago the whole Liberal press would have howled a
the man who proposed to make salmon Pr°Pe
and to render his watery habitation an .b-14e.n
the
fended by the two-edged sword of the la vir 'll
and ten
person of a policeman with his truncheon-
years ago every Jack was to do all work andtt,ll,,
play, however dull a boy it might make hir " -
s have
have changed all that, thank Heaven ! 'Wti
all beards—we have 18 theatres open hig:htly is
London—we all fish, shoot, and hunt—m° rifs, and
►
rivers yield a better profit than the best arab l.e
and a salmon has less chance of coming tide 'lrirvet
his end than a young lady who dismisses a lover
whom she dislikes. England is a paradise 13 °
f Ly. tiers,
horsedealers, gunmakers, roadmakers,
gamekeepers, fishermen, and owners of sPertige
lodges. The spirit of our Norman ancestor Ilia
abroad,. master of the situation, and Saxon ',a° ba
Bright has become a convert for fear he sho d
made captive. Long life to John Bright, and more
luck to his fishing. We hope we shall hear to te,.°o,.
of the fere naturce theory. If a salmon is Pr°Pe.lll;
vvlt
surely a pheasant may be brought properly
the category ; if eggs are under the wing of the,lam'
surely the bird may be that is hatched from them,
Let. the partridge. and the pheasant be placed ilaP to
an intelligible footing. Let the people be ins'ehie
.understand that the possession or pursuit of Lao •
is no more a privilege than the possession or ell .);,,
went.. of any other imaginable property; that the
spirit of the old game laws no longer pervades et,
code, but that, nevertheless, no man has a right
her
take partridges or pheasants, or grouse off snot
tie
man's land any more than he has to lift his eiatt. is
or his sheep. Let the law treat, in short, Nv",r"he
called game at least as well as it does salmon! -"110
game of the field is quite as much an element al t
food of the people as the fish of the river, a® elible
one may satisfy himself who will take the trail
oto
for the next six months of frequenting the wetted
of the poor in London and our large towns• et
let ..he Chancellor of the Exchequer take threoer
;naa
step towards correcting the mistaken imp r regeci
which exist among the lower classes with enable
to property in game by abolishing the titit,, of
law which compels a man to buy, at the privateh
Government, a license to kill, whether tor ed
use or fur public sale the animalsl which he ha liras
and reared. We can asaure him that nothing
tended so much as this law to create and e",°,.urtilage
in the mind of the lower classes an idea
landed proprietor has no rights in regard °,
t, the
game, except, perhaps, the refusal to perm
i
police to take any notice of poaching.