The Sun.
London, England, 1852-05-24 00:00:00

LONDON, # MONDAY EVENING, MAY 24,

other, although on the previous evening he had found
them almost equal. This fact, when considered in
connexion with the constant change of the relative
positions of the stars, and the total disappearance of one
of them, left no doubt on his mind of their real cha-
racter. He therefore came to the conclusion, that
there are in the heavens three stars revolving round
Jupiter in the same manner as Venus and Mercury
revlove round the Sun. On the 12th he saw three stars;
two on the east side of Jupiter and one on the west side.
The third began to appear about 3 o'clock in the morn-
ing, emerging from the eastern limb of the planet; it
was then exceedingly small, and was discernible only
with great difficulty. On the 13th he finally saw four
stars. Threo of them were on the west side of the
planet, and the remaining one on the east side. They
were all arranged in a line parallel to the ecliptic, with
the exception of the central star of the three western
ones, which declined a little towards the north. They
appeared of the fame magnitude, and though small, were
very brilliant, shining with a much greater lustre than
fixed stars of the same magnitude. The future observa-
tions of Galileo established beyond all doubt that Jupiter
was attended by four satellites. He continued to exa-
mine them until the latter end of March, noting their
configurations, and recording the stars which appeared
in the same field of view with them.

WHAT THE SIDNEY PAPERS ARE

FULL OF.

The file of a Syciceydaili paper, since the com-
mencement of gold discoveries, is quite a study for phi-
losophers. • . . In one week, for example, twenty-
five thousand pounds worth of gold has come to town,
against which uprises a wholesale and retail grocer,
who advertises that "Economy is a sure road to a Gold
Field," and requests the public to look rather to his teas
and coffees. Then our English eyes do, indeed dwell
a little on hi▪ s list, when we remember our own taxes,
and see that the gold diggers may buy gunpowder tea
at two shilli▪
ngs a pound, and sugar at twopence. No
wonder that they make their tea in kettles. The next
weekly Gold Circular tells us of fifteen thousand pounds
worth that has come in by Government escort—an un-
popular, because a dear conveyance, the charge being
one per cent.; and, as for the gold privately transmit-
ted, adds the Circular, " When we know of one man
bringing down a thousand ounces in a horse-collar, it
impossible isaible to state correctly what may come into
town. On the same day, a draper declares that he is
determined to sell ten thousand pounds worth of haber-
dashery at an alarming sacrifice, '6 it being perfectly
evident that at the present time it is the only means by
which a trade can be done,"—and so on. In the same
paper there is advertised number one of a new perio-
dical, to be called the Golden Age; and another book-
seller announces as " the only readable book ever
published in Australia, The Gold Calculator; or,
Diggers' and Dealers' Ready Reckoner.' " That being
the humour of Australian authors, an Australian
musician offers, in the same good cause " The Ophir
Schottische;" while the public is in various places
strongly recommended to buy pumps and cradles. . . .
In another paper we are told of the first passage of " the
gold coach" through a private village, and of the
consequent defection of the labourers. In the same
paper we have news from Mount Alexander that might
well turn the head of any villager. One person " left
Melbourne on Saturday, and returned on the Monday
week following, bringing fourteen pounds weight of
gold with him, dug up by himself. Another man,
after working ten days, brought back twenty-two
pounds weight. A friend of mine, a gentleman who
only went to see, was anxious to try his luck, and
begged a dishful of earth, to have, as he thought, a few
grains to take home with him; a few minutes' washing
gave him nearly two ounces of gold." The gold at
Mount Alexander, the richest field discovered yet, lies
near the surface. Two men there obtained four hundred
ounces in three weeks. As for the weekly Gold
Circular, at Sydney, it gets poetical:—" In our first
shipment, we could coant the value of the gold in pounds
sterling by hundreds; in a few weeks it roso to
thousands; in a few weeks more it became tens of thou-
sands; and we are fast approaching a period when each
ship will convey hundreds of thousands." At the time
when that was written—on December sixth—in the very
few months since the digging was commenced, there had
been shipped from Australia, gold to the value of three
hundred and twenty-nine thousand seven hundred and
ninety-seven pounds; and since that time the yield of
gold has been increasing. At the same time, California
continues unexhausted, and the field of gold in Russia
has enlarged.—Dickens's Household Words.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH, May 22.
(Sittings in Banco,)
THE QUEEN v. SILL.
Mr. Sergeant WILKINS applied on the part of the de-
fendant fora certiorari to remove the indictment in this
case into this court. This was an indictment against the
defendant for compounding a misdemeanour, which mis-
demeanour was the charge made by the present de+end-
ant againit certain persons for cheating at cards at
Brighton. The applicant stated that there was no
ground for the present indictment, which had only, as he
believed, been preferred in order to prevent the other
indictment from coming on. He alleged that an appli-
cation had been made to the magistrate at Marlborough-
street for a warrant, but had been refused; that an ap-
plication for a summons had also been made, and refused;
and that then this bill had been preferred at the Central
Criminal Court; that on the 7th of May the order for
the certiorari was obtained; and on the 11th the bail on
the certiorari perfected; but that on the 10th, when the
parties were perfectly aware of the certiorari and the
proceedings thereon, he had been unlawfully conveyed
from the Queen't! Prison to Newgate. He alleged the
proceedings against him to have been vexatious, and
ho swore that he wished to have the benefit of a
special jury, and to have Queen's counsel to conduct
his defence.
The COURT granted the rule.

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE,
LONDON AND NORTH-WESTERN.
A special meeting of this company was held on Satur-
day, at the Euston-station, Euston-square, for the pur-
poseand approving, or otherwise, a Bill,
Parliament, to enable the Chester and Holy-
head Company to extend their railway to
cow
Birkenhead, Railwayf
boe fcorensidaenr id 3:g
to amend the Acts relating to the com-
pany ; end also for the purpose of considering and ap-
proving, for the working of
Junctionp
ther o v i
railways n g , or
Railway
o otherwise,f the Company
oa
m pnn
na
yg
Birkenhead,
b y
Lancashire, and Cheshire
the London and North.
Western Company; Mr. G. C. Glyn, M.P., in the chair.
On the motion of the CHAIRMAN, it was agreed to
postpone the consideration of the Bill until June 2.
The CHAIRMAN said the most important business of
the day was the consideration of the agreement with the
Birkenhead and Cheshire Junction Company. The
object of the agreement was to obviate the necessity of
constructing the proposed new line from Chester to
Birkenhead, and upon its being confirmed by the
proprietors of both companies they would be in a
position to withdraw the Bill. The directors had no
wish to call on the proprietors of this company to
. subscribe more money for new lines. He thought,
under the circumstances, that it was better for all
parties to make good working agreements than to resort
to the expedient of constructing competing lines, involv-
ing considerable expenditure of capital. An Hon.
Proprietor, who was not then present, had found fault
with the board of directors for the policy they had pur-
sued with regard to the Birkenhead line. He (the Chair-
man) had not the record then before him of negotiations
between the two companies respecting the Birkenhead
traffic, but he could state that in 1845 attempts to make
arrangements for amalgamation with the Chester and
Holyhead had been made, and that down to the 11th of
September last there had not_been one half-year during
that period in which some attempt at negotiation with the
Birkenhead
existingC om pa nj' had not been made. On the 11th of
September last these negotiations ceased. There was an
agreement
and the Cheshire Junction Company, with which they
had nothing to do. The Cheshire Junction directors had
between- the Shrewsbury and Chester
explained this at the time they entered into the present
arrangements with the company, which were now finally
settled. The terms were mutually advantageous to
both companies. He held that no agreement would be
binding unless it were mutually advantageous to the
contracting parties. The London and North-Western
Company secured to the Birkenhead Company the most
economical working of their line. It was a fair ar-
rangement between the two companies, They were
i aware that it had been contended that the London and
North-Western Company ought to confine themselves to
,` Liverpool, and not go to Birkenhead. Th© company
had furnished Liver I with the best accommodation
hadfor their traffic they had given them goods stations of
the most complete description; but having done that, the
company
was no more obliged to stop at Liverpool than
ge
at any other place. The trade of Liverpool was not to
Liverpool was ex-
i be fostered by a railway company'
tending so
much in almost every direction that it would
at no distant day swallow up Birkenhead, the exten-
sion of trade at that port would find its vent
at the other side of the Mersey, and under these cir-
cumstances he would ask why were they not to cultivate
th© traffic of Birkenhead as well as that of Liverpool?
The traffic was increasing to such an extent at Liver-
pool that they could not accommodate it. They must
call upon Birkenhead for assistance. The company
must also look to their connexion with Manchester, and
the importance of providing the requisite facilities for
trade between that place and Birkenhead. The London
and North-Western Company have more power to de-
velop the trade of Birkenhead than any other party. Ho
wholly denied that they were bound to go no further
than Liverpool. They had the opportunity of sending
a large traffic from the Chester and Holyhead line on to
the Birkenhead and Cheshire Junction line, and to make
the latter profitable by working it on the same advan-
tageous terms as the London and North-Western Com-
pany
Mr. STEWART,
worked their traffic. It would prove a beneficial
arrangement in every respect. They were at the same
time perfectly aware that in consequence of a vicious
system of legislation, other parties had powers granted
them to run over the Birkenhead line, but ho had no
kenhead Company
conse-
quences by judicious arrangements —(Cheers.)
of
Y would be enabled to avoid serious
the agreement, which specified that the London and
North-Western Company for a term of 99 years are to
work the lines of the Birkenhead Company; the former
the secretary, then read the heads
Company to run as many trains as the traffic of the !Ur-
fewer than are at present) at fares and rates to be fixed
by the Birkenhead Company, it being understood that
for through traffic the fares and rates ,shall be the same
as those charged by the London and North-Western
plant, and
Company shall from time to time require (not
to and from the same places; the stun to be
allowed the London and North-Western Company for
working expenses (including passenger duty, ruaiuto-
nance and depreciation of way, works, and
gellet 41 charges) to be finch ProPortioll ef the gros re.,