The Sun.
London, England, 1852-03-02 00:00:00

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LONDON; TUESDAY. MARCH q, 1852.

The Welt Honourable Gentlemen the CHAN-
CELLOS of the EXCHEQUER has already issued his
address to his late constituents, soliciting their suf-
frages once more as a candidate for the representa-
tion of the county of Buckingham. At any
period,
and under any circumstances, it would "Ave been
interesting to observe the indication of those prin-
ciples upon which Mr. DISSAELT besought the elec-
tors to nominate him to a seat in the Imperial Perlis_
men In the present juucture, therefore more parti._
culerly, it becomes matter of curiosity to watch the
course pursued by him towards the possessors
of the franchise, seeing that he has been
so very recently called to her MAJESTY'S
Privy Council, and elevated to the responsible
office of Chancellor of the Exchequer. After a long
and arduous struggle to gain the ascendancy as a
politician, his loftiest ambition has been abruptly
realized, and the Right Hon. Gentleman finds himself
at last 'the acknowledged leader of the House in
which his youthful abilities achieved such an exceed-
ingly. equivocal recognition. During the earlier
years of his life his energies appear to have been
almost exclusively dedicated to literature, that fair
field in which his father had already attained a dis-
tinguished, if not imperishable, reputation. Having
in his minority produced that brilliant fiction which
was attributed by several to Lord BYRON imme-
diately on its first appearance, Mr. DISRAELI found
even a Prosracted series of travels through Germany,
Italy, Greece, Albania, Nubia, Egypt, and Palestine,
ineffectual in obliterating the fame of his solitary but
eminently successful labour as a novelist, that fame
which was absurdly deemed incompatible with the
Severer labours of public service—insomuch that he
was successively rejected in two contests by the dis-
cerning constituents of Chipping
Wycombe.
Since then how conspicuously have not events
shown that a genius for letters can in no manner
prove detrimental to the conduct in -
various depart-
ments of the manifold duties of administration. The
exquisite poetry of lon has not derogated from
the judicial capacities of Sir rr
-RoIKAS TALE°uitp
any more than the incomparable and ripened sty leof
Mr. MACAULAY as an essayist and an historian, or
his Tyrtosue faculties 25 the metrical Iboe e rant of the
114415n1 of 'lndent BOW,- deteriorated 1:u •
s exertions

THE

either as Paymaster of the Forces or as Member for
the city of Edinburgh. Even the elegant verses
contributed to the annuals by Viscount Monrrru
failed to diminish the excellence of his admini trative
capabilities as Earl of Canianr, and the fashionable
novels of the Earl of Muramevs have fortunately
interfered in no way with his diplomatic
aptitude as Marquis of NORMANBT. A
glance at tho members of the newly-nominated Ca-
binet, and at the rest of the personages elected by
the Earl of Dm:it- to the offices of the Government,
will tend to afford some additional testimony that
statesmanship is no longer considered incompatible
with the evidence of powers, whether large or small,
in the general cultivation of literature. In the per-
son of Lord MALMRSBURY, the Foreign-office has
been entrusted to the hands of one who has edited
with considerable skill his grandfather's " Diaries
and Correspondence." Not withstanding his frivolous but
sometimes ingenious essays as arhymster, Lord JonN
MANNERS has been nominated the Chief Commis-
sioner of Woods and Forests, having in that capacity,
moreover, a seat in the Cabinet. But—most remark-
able of all these interesting examples—one of the
most lively and popular novelists of the age has been
chosen to the difficult office of leader in the Heine of
Commons and Chancellor of the Exchequer. Mr.
DISRAELI has attained this perilous height by the
indomitable energies of an ambition, before the in-
fluence of which all obstacles to the seizure of
power have crumbled away as entirely as
the cliques and prejudices of literary ex-
clusiveness had disappeared before the charms of
his powers as a romancist. In his capacity as a
writer of fiction he revealed no inconsiderable amount
of versatility, emulating the gorgeous beauties of
" Vathek" by the " Wondrous Tale of Alroy," disclos-
ing no little insight into human nature as a psycho-
logist, through the medium of his story of " Conte-
rini Fleming," entering the customary arena of the
novelist with his history of " The Young Duke," and
that of " Henrietta Temple," while he promulgated
his pecular notions in regard to the social advance-
ment of the community, and his still more peculiar
hopes in reference to the children of Israel, through
his fanciful trilogy of " Coningsby," " Sybil," and
" Tancred." Apart from these works, Mr. DISRAELI
has given others to the world in which he has main-
tained with more didactic explicitness the political
views held by him in regard to the conduct of the
English Government, among which not the least notice-
able is his " Vindication of the British Constitution."
Latterly, however, the efforts of the Right Hon. Gen-
tleman have been exclusively and sedulously directed
to the cultivation of his powers as a debater,
in which character, during the last few years, he
has shown consummate ability. To what purpose he
has laboured so long, and of late uninterruptedly, in
the House of Commons, we have now seen by his ad-
vance from the back seats of the Opposition_to the first
place on the Treasury bench. The chieftain of the
forlorn hope of Protection, he has now become in the
House of Commons the recognized Leader of the
New Government.

It is gracefully said by the CHANCELLOR of the
EXCHEQUER in addressing himself to his former con-
stituents, that as he will not believe that " the favour
of our SOVEREIGN can be any disqualification
for the confidence of her MAJESTY'S legal subjects,"
he will again, on the 12th instant, in the county-hall
of Buckingham, venture to claim the electors'
suffrages for the distinction of being their accepted
representative. "Tae late Administration," says the
Right Hon. Gentleman, " fell to pieces from internal
dissension, and not from the assault of their oppo-
nents; and notwithstanding the obvious difficulties of
our position, we have felt that to shrink from en-
countering them would be to leave the country with-
out a Government, and her MAJESTY without ser-
vants." As we have more than once ourselves inti-
mated, the first duty of the new Cabinet, according
to the statement of Mr. DISRAELI, "will be to provide
for the ordinary and current exigencies of the public
service." What the ulterior, intentions of the Govern-
ment may be we shall, in all likelihood, learn through
the medium of the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER'S
speech on the 12. th inst., addressed to the electors of
the county of Buckingham, or at any rate shortly
afterwards, when the Right Hon. Gentleman has
re-entered the House of Commons es their repre-
sentative.

It is impossible to over-estimate the injurious results
of the unfortunate difference between the employers of
operative engineers and their workmen. Not only
are the inevitable consequences of the compulsory
idleness, that has continued for seven successive
week, deeply prejudicial to the interests of society—
rendering those who should be the creators and pro-
ducers of national wealth unprofitable consumers, and
also incurring the serious danger of transfering
one of our most important branches of indus-
try to other lands, but the sufferings of the
innocent parties, who without any fault of
their own have become involved in the
struggle, are of the most deplorable and heartrending
character. Helpless women and innocent children
are enduring bitter privations. The unskilled la-
bourers, who never belonged to a society, who have
accumulatedno funds to fall back upon when deprived
of occupation and wages; whose earnings, even in the
best times, are too scanty to enable them to lay by
any adequate provision; who are not merely neutral,
but whose interests are entirely engaged on the part
of the masters, are the chief sufferers. They behold their
wives and children pining away day after day from
want of the common necessaries of existence, they have
gradually parted with the little comforts accumulated
during many years of honest and contented industry.
Matters perhaps of trivial value, but dear to the
heart, capable of appreciating domestic enjoyments,
and with all this they have no esprit de corps, nothing
to excite them or to mitigate for a moment the un-
speakable misery they are undergoing. Under such
circumstances, it becomes the duty of the patriot
and the philanthropist to make every exertion to
effect a reconciliation between the belligerents, and
to heal the cankered wounds that have been inflicted
during the strife. All honour, then, we say, to those
who come for ward for such a purpose, who hesitate not
to meet men whose angry passions may be inflamed
to the highest pitch to explain the real state of facts,
to point out clearly and distinctly the errors into
which they may have fallen, and to reason kindly and
temperately, in soothing and conciliatory language, on
the best mode of effecting a permanent and honour-
able peace.

The attempt made by Mr. S. LAING, the respected
Chairman of the London, Brighton, and South Coast
Railway Company, a report whereof will be found in
another part of this day's impression, was of this cha-
racter. A meeting was held on Friday evening, at the
Town Hall, Brighton, at which several hundred persons,
many of them employees in the company's workshops,
assembled for the purpose of hearing the statements of
ISlmrs. USHER and NEWTON, who attended as dele-
gates from
the Amalgamated Society. Mr. S.
L Was also present, and took a prominent part
in A
theiri o
proceedings,
speech
c 1i
contest, to
tWe would heartily commend his
t 3 I
it
consideration
hisadvicewere
eandgmnigraedbleins
t apkaernt i_e s
if the employers and the employed would occasionally
meet and discuss matters fully •
and fairly between
them, there would be far less chance of any
misunderstanding arising, and we cordially
concur with Air. LAING in the opinion that
much of the unpleasant feeling on both sides
misunderstanding. If such
arose frommeetings took
not so oftenhear of
place, we should masters or men
either asyrannical,
being denounced tyrannical, or ill-con-
Mr. LAING, in sem
ditioned and perverse. ng 50 good
an example, entitled thanks and
gratitude of the people, and more especially of the
operatives, who should rejoice in seeing a person who
had formerly been one of themselves advanced to so
distinguished a position as that occupied by the
respected gentleman. The following passage must
have had a strong effect in inducing the men
to listen patiently to his subsequent arguments,
although strongly opposed to their most cherished
opinions and:prejudices :—" Speaking for himself, as an
employer of labour, he said honestly that his sympa-
thies were all with the working classes. He bad
known what it was to work his way in the world.
Every farthing he had he Owed to his own exertions.
His greatest pride was to know that he had been a
working man himself, and he wished for nothing
more than to see every working man in a condition
to elevate himself socially and I"rfillYt and to take

1%,,W st.L. .

LONDON,

advantage of opportunities of advancement." He was
the better able, therefore, to address himself
directly to their feelings, and there was a
far greater chance of his advice being taken in
reference thereto. He declared his belief " that if they
trusted to combinations and associations they would
be grievously mistaken, and find themselves very
much the worse for them. The real question at issue
was, not whether overtime or piecework was good or
bad, but whether the best mode of elevating the work-
ing men was for each one to stand alone or to enter
into combination, which would be sure to be met by
combination on the other side; in fact, a battle be-
tween the two classes. If they entered into the his-
tory of trades unions they would find that in the
countries where the working men stood highest
there were the fewest of these trades unions,
and where they were the most ready to
combine their condition was the lowest." In
corroboration of this view he cited the cases of
America and France. In the former the condition
of the working classes, both in point of intelligence
and emolument, stood at the highest ; and yet com-
binations were comparatively unknown. There was
no interference between the master and workman.
Each made his own arrangements, and could enter
into any contract he thought proper, without being
subjected to the control or dictation of any man or
body of men. In France, on the other hand, combi-
nation prevailed on every side, and yet the condition
of the ouvriers was far inferior to that of their Eng-
lish or American brethren.

There was -a salutary although bitter truth con-
tained in the respected gentleman's observations re-
specting the probable result of the conflict. "
said he, "it became a question of combination
against combination, capital is stronger than labour,
and, right or wrong, labour would go to the wall.
They bad brought it on themselves by playing the
game of combination, and the longer the strike lasted
the worse it would be for the men, because a great
number of men would be brought into the trade,
and the consequence would be a fell of wages. They
would be told to the last that they were going on
flourishingly, that they were carrying all before
them, that their masters must submit, and some fine
morning they would find the bubble burst, their funds
wasted, their leaders compelled to emigrate, and the
game over. Such had been the history of every
great strike in this country, and it would be the
history of every one that was attempted."
It has, unfortunately, long since become " a
question of combination against combination." The
employers will ,suffer largely in pocket, but
they will have less to bear than the workmen, and
when the conflict has terminated they may en-
deavour to repay themselves at the expense of the
men. Bat nothing can repay the misery and
wretchedness which the workmen have endured, are
enduring, and must still endure, in consequence of
the dispute, and after all this they may possibly find
their wage 3 lowered in consequence of the new hands
introduced into the business.

The parting admonition will, we trust, be long re-
membered by the auditors. The Hon. Gentleman,
himself a striking example of the beneficial effects of
exemplary conduct, and an unimpeachable authority
as to the best mode of achieving position and
fortune, truly declared that " in trying to elevate
their condition, they would have to do what every
man who had raised himself to the upper classes
has done, by individual self-reliance, by exercising
economy, by denying themselves luxuries, and
even comforts, till they had accumulated the
means. And to a class receiving wages as
high as theirs, if it were possible for other
classes to live on half the amount, and when
prices were so much reduced, it was possible,
by exercising economy, to save such a sum
as would make them comparatively independent."
If many of those present would follow the
golden rule thus inculcated—if they would resolve to
conquer fortune, to attain a higher position in the
social scale, they would find that a steady and reso-

lute determination can conquer almost anything, and
have cause to bless the day when Mr. LAING estab•
lished the valuable precedent of going as an employer
to meet the employed, and discussing the matters
between them fully and fairly.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

The Paris journals of yesterday have been received.
The elections are going on quietly. The Repub-
lican opponents of Government say they are sure of
the return of M. CARNOT, General CAVAIGNAC, F. DE
II kSTEYIIIE, and GOUDCHAUX. It is said that Gen.
CAVAIGISAC will not consent to sit in the Corps Le-
g •‘atif•
il The Monarchists express sanguine expecta-
tions that both M. DE TRACY and M. MowrimEit-
TERNAUX will be returned.
The Constitutionnel states that the decision of the
Rink of France on the question of the reduction of
the rate of interest will he come to on Thursday next.
A rumour of a revolutionary movement in Belgium
was put out this afternoon, but did not obtain credit.
The Presse has the following on the state of
trade :
" The last week of February has passed away without
causing any sensible amelioration in the situation
of commerce. Retail traders have sold little, and
have refrained from making now purchases in manu-
factures. The amusements of the Carnival and the balls
have, it is true, afforded some occupation to certain
special branches of commerce—such as upholsterers,
dressmakers, and makers of artificial flowers. But that
activity was exceptional. Thus far very few orders have
been given for exportation. The last arrivals from the
United States, on which great expectations were
founded, have only brought some rare orders for our ma-
nufactures, and the New York letters agree in saying that
French commerce must not count m uch on the purchases of
North America for this spring. Still, in the midst of this
prolonged stagnation, a certain disposition is remarked
amongst traders to make sales on credit; and if that
tendency were encouraged by the discount bankers, it
would probably C71.1t,0 a prompt resumption of business.
But these bankers show themselves more rigorous than
ever, and rarely decide to discount bills at more than 30
days' date. Such restrictions are not of a nature to en-
courage commerce. We have seen, however, the heads
of several important houses who calculate strongly on a
general resumption of business at the beginning of
March. They have received a great many promises
from commission agents, who resolved to wait for the
elections before beginning their purchases. We shall see
in a few days what wo must believe of certain hopes.
On turning, however, back to the first two months of
1851, we see that affairs were not more animated than
this year, and that commerce only took a little activity
toe ands the end of March."

The trial of the German workmen, for being con-
cerned in what is called the German plot, concluded
on Satutday before the Court of Assiz9s. After the
pleadings of the advocates, CHERVAL and some others
of the accused briefly addressed the jury, declaring
that their association was not in communication with
the central committee at London, and that its objects
were exclusively German. The jury declared three
of the accused—EGGEßS, ICCELF,B, and UHTH:IIOt
guilty, and the ten others guilty. These ten were
condemned, CHERVAL and GIPPERICH to eight years'
imprisonment, SHEEZEB and NETTE three years,
Nom. two years, KAISER and MULLER one year, and
SCHULZE, F.U...CIiER, and MATHESEN to six months'
imprisonment. The last six were also condemned to
100 f. fine.

PARIS BOURSE, MARCH 1.-The market opened firm
at a shade of advance on the closing quotations of Satur-
day, and the improvement was for some time maintained.
Some considerable sales having been afterwards made, a
little re-action took place, and the market closed rather
lower than tho previous day. Threes for the present
account were last quoted at 65 f. 45e., and Fives at 103 f.
30c.; for the end of the month the prices were respec-
tively 65f. 50e. and 103 f. 60c. The market closed as
follows:-Threes, for cash, 65F. 50c.; for account, 65f.
45c.; Fives, for cash, 103 f. 60c.; for account, 103 f. 30c.;
Bank of France Shares, 2,565 f.; Spanish Threes, 41f.
50c.; Neapolit2n not quoted. There has been a fair
amuunt of business done in 'Railway Shares, and prices
have been well supported. Rouen closed at 658 f. 76e.;
Havre, 265 f.; Avignon, 230 f.; Vierzon, 5271. 50c.; Bale,
2309 Boulogne, 75e'; Bordeaux, 4601.; Northern,
3. 75c.; Paris Strasburg, 4871. 50e.; Paris and
sf,.;:oogne,
a3noBdf.
Lyons, 5801.; Nantes, 298 f. 750.; Dieppe, 230 f.; Mon-
tereau, 1551.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, RlAncit 1.
Boulogne and Amiens, 12!i,—Dutch Rhenish, 3%—
East Indian, 211/8—Northern of France, 198/I—Orleans
and Bordeaux, Ssj4 —Paris and Strasbourg, 19%—Sambre
and Ileuse, 314—West Flanders, 2A.

SPAIN.
'There is no political news of th
1114drid journals, of the 25th ult.heavBeliagrhrtievsetd.im-
portance.
and 11;
Madrid had
been definitively fixed for the Ist of March. They
uicibeersalsdo biptAelsotrihi artE tten de afrrtoum of the Duke
re
are to embark at Barcelona fur the Balearic Islands
Ind
, thee, Genoe, and after residing for some time in
Italyey will proceed to England, on a visit to
Queen AMELIE, and the other members of the Orleans
family.
Df°erbttimweithout Interest, at
5 5.1606 ;
MADRID BOLSA, FEB. 25.--The Three per Cents.
pweerre Centsdone. aatt3lBBV6tthh:
; the New Three
and the Coupons, 50 9i.