The Sun.
London, England, 1864-02-04 00:00:00

COTTON SUPPLY ASSOCIATION.

At the usual weekly meeting of the executive committee,
held on Tuesday, Feb. 2, a letter was read from St. Croix,
West Indies, stating that the writer has 603 acres of first-
rate land which he is placing as rapidly as possible under I
cotton. He expects to obtain from the first 10 acres planted in
September with Sea Island seed, about 3,5001 b. of cotton.
He is confident that there is no place better fitted for the cul-
tivation of cotton, nor where it could be more easily carried
on. A letter was received from the honorary agents of the
association of Calcutta, reporting that the accounts received
of the present year's crop continue to be satisfactory, that a
largely extended area has been placed under cultivation, and
that a considerable increase is expected. Cotton is now arriv-
ing at market more freely, and large quantities will shortly
come forward. Some improvements both in quality and con-
dition is observable, and this is likely to become still more
manifest. The extreme monetary pressure now experienced
has had the effect of bringing trade in general to a dead. lock.
Suitable cotton-cleaning machines, combining cheapness
with utility, are still needed. None of the many descriptions
already sent have been found equal to the requirements of
the country. The Calcutta Exhibition is expected to be most
useful both as regards gins and agricultural implements. Of
ploughs, it is said, the most simple and at the same time most
servicable yet seen is one made after the native style,with im-
proved shares and coulter, &c., costing about 16rs. complete,
and easily worked with two bullocks. Reports were enclosed
from the recipients of seed sent out by the association, and
samples of cotton grown from Egyptian eeed in the Midna-
pore district will be forwarded. A despatch from her
Majesty's Minister at Tangier, dated January 12, received
from the Foreign•office, was read, stating that the quantity
of cotton grown last year was about 700 bales, which were
sent to Morocco and other towns of the interior, where it is
employed in native manufactures. The high price realised
has encouraged the cultivation of cotton throughout the
districts where water-wheels can be employed for irrigation,
and it is expected that the crop this year will produce
12,000 bales. The southern provinces have been without
rain since the spring of last year-80 per cent. of the cattle
have died, and grain is at famine prices. The Sultan has
directed the governors of the southern provinces to encou•
rage the cultivation of cotton, and in a few years, when the
unfortunate consequences produced by the drought are re-
moved, it will be grown on a large scale. As the quality is
unusually fine, the cotton of Morocco may become a very
important article of export to England. A letter was re-
ceived from Malta stating that the Exhibition is about to
be held which was likely to be of service in promoting the
growth of cotton in that island, and that as the only most
primitive means of cleaning the cotton, and the old bow
apparatus, are in use among the Maltese, some simple hand
gins would be most useful. The census just published
shows an increase in the population since 1851 of 10,000,
the present being 134,055, or 1,284 to the square mile. It
was resolved to send two hand gins to the Exhibition to
be offered as prizes. Several samples of Natal cotton was
submitted for examination, and valued at 24d., 27d., and
381. to 40d. respectively. Various applications for seed
were received and granted:

The last week's raitway receipts, ascertained up
.0 this day, are, in round figures, as under :

1864. 1863.
Great Western £57,259 £52,051
North-Western
South-Western
Brighton
Midland 44,678 39,612
South-Eastern 22,037 21,954
Groat Northern
Lancashire and Yorkshire.. 34,800 31,280
Bristol and Exeter
North-Eastern
Great Eastern . 29,675 26,462
Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln.. 16,798 14,318
About £62,000 in gold Was taken into the Bank
yesterday.

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 4, 1864.

Chester. No doubt most of those who are here present ad-
mit that Southern independenee will be more for the advan-

tage of the world than Southern subjugation ; that Southern
independence, according to the past experience of history,
will never be permitted to establish itself, all neutral powers
have acknowledged it ; that other neutral Powers ara not

likely to acknowledge it, while the negative example
of Great Britain tends to chill and to restrain them.
(Cheers) And these are the few and tho simple
propositions to which, in other places, argument is applicable.
The object, as I understand, of your association is to keep
up or to create a rneral opinion by which the counsels of
the Government may gradually be penetrated, and that first
step secured without which the civil war can never have
the happy termination you desire for it. (Cheers.) There
has not been a moment when you could less afford to relax
your efforts and your vigilance, In the first place, for the
time, Europe throws America into the background. Beyond
that calamities have happened to Southern arms in Ten-
nessee, at Yick3burg, and Port Hudson. The democratic
party which once anttred peace ande.eparation, is no longer
active as it used to be. A severe strain has fallen on Con-
federate resources. Its finances appear to stagger. In
Stonewall Jackson they have lost a General who cannot
be replaced to them. (Cheers.) Our own Government ap-
pears to be divided in its sympathies. The Emperor of the
French is more than usnelly preeectspied. Theme are mo-
tives to exertion, and but for one circumstance, they might
be causes of despondency. What is that circumstance?
That the Confederacy itself is neither daunted or affected by
them. (Cheers!) That at no former time were their armies
better organised, their strategy more cool, their executive
more firm, their people more united—(cheers)—while they
themselves are undismayed by the reality, their friends in
Europe cannot be dejected by the reflex, (Cheers.) Gen-
tlemen. as we are all agreed about the object, I ask leave for
a moment to consider that point, what is the greatest
difficulty you aro called upon to deal with in your efforts
to establish the opinion w'aich appears to you the
just one. It seems to me, glancing at the different views
which have prevailed, to relate to the subject of the negro
and of slavery. If that subject were disposed of, there
would not perhaps be any lack of unanimity as regards the
line to be pursued among the people of this country. Delu-
sions upon this point have been industriously scattered,
and yet they would be easy to resist, if the debate were
fixed upon the real question ethich ought to influence
our policy. That question inevitably is, whether Southern
independence, on the one hand, or Southern subjugation
on the other, would most tend to the advantage and improve-
ment of the black race inhabiting America. But this, gen-
tlemen, is not the issue to which your opponents are in the
habit of attending. It is the single issue which they never
venture even to approach. And no wonder, for there can
not be a doubt as to the answer; and that answer would be
fatal to their purpose. We are not left to speculation and
conjecture as to the influence of Northern conquest on the
prospects of the negro. This day a letter from New York
has been published, in a well-known journal, which reached
Manchester some hours ago, and throws the greatest light
upon this subject. It points out the situation of the negro
' `he States which Northern armies have invaded. Some
nlled to fight in a clause which they despise, and for
are comp-lseho despise them. Some roam in the North-
apeope
Western States foi Occupation, whicheludes them. Some are
dying in crowds at Washington, of au epidemics they have
brought there. Some are toiling saestates which Northern
violence has occupied, tinder a servitude more galliog than
that from which they have been wrested. But all tends
to the extermination of this unhappy race, before
those who are here thought to aim at its
deliverance. Can wo be astonished at it? Is it to be
imagined that emancipation can succeed which is not
framed for the advantage of the negro, but the destruction
of the planter? (Cheers.) Is it imagined that emancipa-
tion can succeed when no convictions have preceded, when
no precautions have accompanied, and no benevolence in-
spired it? (Cheers.) It is usual to remark that Mr. Lin-
coln and his colleagues aro men of limited capacity and in-
tellect. It may be so. But had they all the power of which
the human mind is capable, they could not overrule the
laws inherent in affairs and stamped upon the universe.
They could not make right a path to wrong—philanthropy,
an instrument of vengeance--the liberty of one race the
forge of shackles for enother. Such, however, is the para-
doxical attempt to which they have committed themselves.
(Cheers.) If, therefore, by your efforts, gentlemen, a sound
impression was diffused upon this subject, if it was seen that
no question is before ut except as to the comparative posi-
tion of the negro under separation and re-conquest, and that
the re-conquest of the Union indisputably threatens to ex-
terminate him, while separation paves the way for every
feasible improvement in his status, the remainder of your
task, I think, would be an easy one. If slavery be got
out of the way, no great part of our public can wish to see
the re-establishment by fire, by sword, by spoliation, and
confusion, of an arrogant and overbearing power, which,
although it might cease to be based on unlimited democracy,
which, although it might take its place among the despotic
powers of the world, would not on that account be less
aggressive and distu6ing to political societies. Still less,
gentlemen, does any large or influential class among us desire
to assist or encourage the promotion of a Poland in America.
But this is the exact result for which Mr. Lincoln and his
colleagues are waging war at present. (Cheers.) Their
avowed intention is to cower the South by force, and
hold it down by occupation. Their avowed design
is to establish the gloom of Warsaw in all the cities
which belong to it. What is the gloom of War-
saw ? On that point I can only speak from the impressions
of a traveller. (Hear, hear.) It seemed to me to bo a very
different gloom from that which hangs on Manchester at
present—arising partly from the climate, and partly from
a scarcity in cotton. It was a gloom which no breeze of
spring could waft away—which no burst of sunshine could
light up—which no reviving industry, accelerated tra le, or
new supply of capital could quicken. It was the gloom
essential to a proud and honourable race enthralled and
governed by a foreign army of 20,000 men, of which you
could not walk into the streets without being overshadowed
by the image. Is was the gloom which reigns where the
inhabitants, belonging to the rich or poor, the aristocracy
or people, could only go abroad in fear of an arrest, or come
back to their houses—which ought to have been sanctuaries
—in fear of midnight visitation more oppressive than the
snares by which their fuotsteps had been haunted. Such
is the gloom which air. Lincoln has aspired to create in
all the capitals of all the States he has invaded. And will
the people of Great Britain countenance his enterprise ? We
cannot calculate the issue of the war, or fate of the Confede-
rates : but even if they are not such as you aspire to, your
labours, as it seems to me, will not be wholly unrewarded.
You will have given to the Southern President support
which he may not require, but which lie may not view as
insignificant. Whoever contemplates his task and his posi-
tion, must regard him with emotions which the term respect
would not entirely delineate. To place campaigns upon an
area unprecedented in extent; to guard against attack in
every possible direction ; to watch a seaboard of many thou-
sand miles; to divine the movements of an enemy whose
counsels are incalculable, as his resources are unlimited,
might tax the genius of Napoleon, even possessed of the
full and irresponsible authority which great men are apt to
claim under such circumstances. So far from having that
advantage, Mr. Davis is accountable to a Senate, to a Re-
presentative Assembly, and has beyond that a Cabinet to
manage and compose. Bat this is not the limit of his trials.
A free press surges round him, eager to rebuke, to criticise,
to question; sometimes elated by success, sometimes exag-
gerating losses, giving force to every ephemeral desire, and
not unfrequently reducing or augmenting the spirit of an
army upon which the fortune of the day depends. That
free press, with an incredible forbearance, he has never yet
resolved to stifle or to tamper with. (Cheers.) Is it too
much to say that no man could fill his or stand in his posi
tion, unless the wisdom of a ruler, the resources of a gene.
ral, the temper of an angel, were in some degree united in
him. (Cheers.) Come what may, gentlemen, you cannot
be deprived of the reflection that, in your time, according to
your power, although divided from him by the ocean, you
have contributed to aid one of the bravest and noblest men
whom Providence has formed, in one of the loftiest and
hardest enterprises with which the fortunes of the world
have ever been identified. (Much applause,)
After an able and interesting speech from Mr. Spence,
the proceedings terminated with a vote of thanks to Lord
Wharncliffe.

THE THAMES EMBANKMENT.—Within the last
day or two active measures have been taken in proceeding
wish that portion of the embankment which will extend
from Waterloo-bridge to the east end of the Temple gar-
dens, and in the course of a few days the works, like those
between Waterloo and Westminster bridges, will b 3 in
active progress. The contract is being executed by Mr.
Kitson. The works are somewhat difficult, in consequence
of the necessity of not interfering in any way with Somer-
set-house, and it is understood that none of the houses
either in Norfolk-street, Arundel-street, or the Temple
will be removed.

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