The Sun.
London, England, 1852-01-05 00:00:00

_ . - - - • --
. su
JANUARY 5, 1852.
, ,
498 LONDON, MONDAY • • „,
i„ ... . • -
7
AMY .1111111600011Muca

PUBLICATIONS.

TIIE ENGLISH FAMILY ROBINSON.
Now ready-. with 12 Plates by Harvey, price 75.,
THE D ESE ft r-no ; or, the Adventures of a
Lost Family in the Wilderne- s. By Captain MAYNE
REID, Author of " The Effie Rang,rs," &c.
atvi4 Rogue, Flact-street.

Just ready, price 6d.,
THE BONAPARTE PLO : Why it was En-
gaged in, and how it was Accomplished; an Official Narra-
tive and Justification. By GIL AN lElt DE CASSAGNAC.
A more curious document has seldom beat given to the world,
and in perusing it we seem to have fallen upon the details of some
old Genoese or Venetian plot."—Times, De, 25.
David Bogue, Fleet-street.

SECOND ANNUAL ISSUE.
In a few days, price Is. cloth,
pORSTER'S POCKET PEERAGE and
si BARONETAGE of GREAT BRITAIN and IRELAND for
1452, corrected to the Ist of January. By HENRY RUMSEY
FORSTER, of the " Morning Post" Newspaper.
" Of all the Peerages, Mr. Forster's is the best.".
David Bogue, Fleet-street.

'—Atlas.

MESMERISM AND PHRENOLOGY.

Now ready, price 2s. 6d.,
T nE Z 0. I S T
con,
N o. 36,taining an Account and two Lithographs of the
heads_ of Mr. and Mrs. Manning, the Murderers, by 1)r. ELLIOT-
..
,itiNi Two genuine and wonderful cases of Clairvoyance, by the
Rev. C. HARE TOWNSHEND and Professor GREGORY, of Edin-
burgh. Cures of Epilepsy, Palsy, Neuralgia, Spinal Irritation, and
Debility. Instances of Mesmeric Phrenology, Clairvoyance in
Brutes, and Imagination.
11. BaMere, Publisher, 219, Regent-street, London, and 290,
Broadway, New York.
-------

Just out, price O. on Paper. Is. on Satin,
RIAIMEL'S PERFUMED MINIATURE
AT AI&NACTi,for imparting a delightfuland lasting Scent to
Pecke,t-books, Card-Eases, Desks,' Work-boxes, &c. It is beautifully
Illustrated, and fonds 'a most acceptable Christmas Present to friends
at home or abroad. Sent by post for .7 or 13 stamps.
Sold by E. RIM NIEL, sole proprietor of the Toilet Vineegar, &c.,
39, Gerrard-street, Soho, London ; by all Booksellers, Perfumers, and
Chemists; and at the Exposition, 58, Baker-street.

PATRON—H. R. H. PRINCE ALBERT.
11911) OYAL POLYTECHNIC IN sTITUTION.
t Lecture by Dr. Bachhoffner on the Philosophy of Scientific
Recreation.—Lecture by J. H. Pepper, Esq., on Ward's New Sub-
marine Lamp.—Lecture by George Barker. Esq., on the Ballad Music
of England, illustrated by a Selection from Shakspere's Songs, on
Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday Evenings, at Eight o'clock.
Numerous Prize Models, Works of Art, &c., from the Great Exhi-
bition, explained by Mr. Crispe.—Optical Effects in Dissolving
Views, Microscope, Chromatrope, &c.—Diver and Diving Bell, &c.
Admission, Is.; Schools and Children under Ten years of age,
laif-price.
Open daily from Eleven to Five, and every Evening, except Sa-
turday, from ,even till Half-past Ten.

ROBIN'S SOIREES PARISIENNES and
FANTASTIQUES, 232, Piccadilly (opposite the Hay-
market), now OPEN.—Third Programme. Inimitable Novelties.—
Every Evening, at Eight o'clock, 111. and Madame ROBIN will
repeat their inimitable SOIREES and GRAND JUVENILE FETE
for the Christmas Holidays. Every Wednesday a Morning Perform-
ance at Half. past Two. Children under ten years of age, half-price.
Places may be secured at Mr. Mitchell's Royal Library, 33, Old
Bond-street; Sams' Royal Library, 1, St. James's-street; Ebers',
Andrews's, and all the principal libraries.

SEASONABLE FESTIVITIES.
At this festive period of the year the following unrivalled dis-
coveries for the TOILET are called into increased requisition,
namely—

FAR.EWELL, OLD YEAR!
marked by the revolution of Empires and the convulsion of
Kingdoms, by the progress of Arts and Exhibitions of. Industry,
fraught m ith events which will be recorded on the historic page,
forming an epoch interesting to the Philosopher and the Mechanic—
a great step in the progress of civilization, and a bond of amity to the
hostile tribes of the human race !
The gathering of all Nations in the chief commercial city in the
world, has been an event long to be remembered. The magnificent
outlay, amazinc preparations, and highly cultivated taste displayed
in the memorable Exhibition, aroused the attention of all classes—

. ,
from the unskilled barbarian to the professor of science—from the
beloved Sovereign of our country to the most distant member of her
extensive empire : millions visited the metropolis during this display,
and the inhabitants of the City received numerous additions to the
sources of gratification every day unfolding. Great as was this expo-
sition of the resources, skill, and industry of all nations, approved and
instructive as were its results, E. MOSES and SL qsT, though they
had little to learn from the styles and fabrics of dress presented in
the World's Show, being connected with all the most celebrated con
trihutors, and engaging the same talent in the manufacture of their
clothing ; yet th:y had the pleasure of tendering their attention to
thousands who visited their Establishments, and favoured them with
their support : nor were they less gratified by the spontaneous
manner in .which approbation was manifested towards their great
business undertakings, all based en such a system as gratifies the
.
observer while it secures the proper advancement of society by
diffusing a correct and elevated taste. This they assert with the
most substantial proof that they are giving expression to the se, ti-
mentsofthousp
h thousands, who will long remember their business Establish-
ments as the
littlena
l attractions
regarded,or maytheot
be City.enti r
eTlyli e r e
my
Glass
eei ;b Palacebut
t
may henceforth
E. MOSES and SON, encouraged by the confidence and patronage of
thousands, will endeavour to render their Establishments attractive
by the magnificence of their
unparalleled elegance, and it7itock, its adaptation to all Seasons, its
in the kingdom ; they therefore hail
below those of any other house
New Year, in the spirit of tradleeetshimneen
style
tent. thee Country,
s at
t the
ltradesmen, posted up
.to the present
tomandstheir friends and
moment, ready to meet all the
supply ofat any moment she
,owgersetatrastae,t.sofr to give imme-
diateand, they doubt not
most
p in
appropriate
etpl
attention,
satisfaction to those
Gentlemen w'reihaCoteiftasyvt favour them with their orders in the Bespoke De-
-1 artment.
For festive occasions they invite an inspection of their elegant
fabrics and most modern styles. For Winter Wear they recom-
mend, with the highest satisfaction, their endless variety of warm
and comfortable dress ; they also request the attention of Gentle-
men whose Sons have returned ,rom school to spend their holidays,
to pay a visit to their City or %Vest End Establishments, and to
select from their varied and immense Stock of Juvenile Dress, which
has the three following reQuisites combined—Fashion, Durability,
and Cheapness. Nor have they neglected to provide for the Year
1852 every Article in tn e Outfitting Department. Furs, the last im-
ported from the far-famed hunting stations, manufactured to the
latest styles, and preserved from the destruction of the moth by a
peculiar process. To particularize Hats, Caps, Hosiery, Boots,
Shoes, &c., &c., &c., is unnecessary.
A visit to E. MOSES and SON'S Establishments in Aldgate
and Minories, or New Oxford-street, corner of Hart-street, will
convey ll
some idea of their derermination in reference to the year
1852. No sacrifice of time, talent, or money, will be considered, No
estertis which vigilant and persevering tradesmen can make will
outlay
s
neglected. No opportunity of gratifying the diversified tastes of
their Patrons will be allowed to pass unimproved. But, by massive
of
ff
fashion,
extensive business transactions in the first
, unabatedtheyare
resolved
circles
daily increasinghionirabTe zeal in
taellmndaekpeorstumeehntasnotfmpthreesir.
on on their Friends,
them the celebrity Patrons, and the Public, as will ensure to
It is their atabitiyonof the first Clothiers and Outfitters in the World.
already attained ;
tto maintain the honourable distinction they have
so-
ciety ; to extend thaobmeet the claims of an improving state of so-
profitable account the interchange
of Free Trade ; to turn to the most
with these events the nterchange of nations ; and to incorporate
sites, Elegant and reduction Serviceable
of price on those every day requi-
gigantic designs they are eiible Dress. In the execution of theta
have already received ; and cheeredin bidding
on by the encouragement they
express their highest sense Of ing farewell to the Old Year, they
their establishments, and hoi3Obligationmthe for the support awarded to
will have the satisfaction of being,
as close of another year, they
acknowledged as the cheapest, theymost
always have been, tint-
vers ,Ily
Clothiers, Tailors, Outfitters, and Merchanttstalented. and unrivalled
E. MOSES and SON, the World.
London City Establishment, 154, 155, andls; _ _
A Id"ate opposite the 157, Minories BE,
44, S 5, and 448, .--, b , 50,3 Church, all communicating.' '
London West-end Branch, ~ 507,yes,New
Oxford-street,
d t
communicating. r -s reet, 1,2,
end 3, Hart-street, all
Bradford Yorkshire Branch, 19, Bridge-street,
Sheffield Branch, 38, Fargate.
Furriers,
Clothiers, gatfers, nos:ors, Boat And sh
Tailors, o-
d General Outfitters for Ladies and Gentlemen,
a e,ters . all sunset
- ' tablishn2ents are closed from Friday to sonstt on
, he 1.. s 1 tall TV7CtiVO
,41,t , r la, s when business is r,4sr mew- - . . o'clock,
The New Book, entitled " Tile Exhibition f
Ger or All Nations," In
Three Languages, viz.:—English, French, and rn, and contain-
ing full directions for self measurement, can b
kingdomha grans, on appli-
cation, of the .
or forwarded post flee to any pa, . _
t handsome Almanac, for the year ending 1852, can be naa gratis,
on application.

Id I'on pule FrancaiSe. Qui si parla Italian°.
Hier apricht man Deutsch. Aqui se habla Espanol.

'LORD rALMERSTON AND THE BOROUGH OF MARY..
LEtiONE.-It is stated that the more influential Reformers of
the important parish of St. Marylebone have resolved to
postpone the public expression of their opinions as to the
removal of Lord Palmerston from the Cabinet until after the
meeting of Parliament, when the real cause for the resigna-
tion of this distinguished nobleman will be made known to
the public, and should it appear that the interference of the
Northern Powers has led to this result, such a demonstration
may be expected as. will show the public- how truly the
Reformers of St. Marylebone estimate the blessings and
1 advantages of constitutional freedom.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM TIIE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
TIMES.—The dispute between the operative en-
gineers and their employers is tending to a serious
issue, notwithstanding the disclaimer of any coercive
intentions on the part of the men. The society of the
combined trades has declared, both through its coun-
cil and in public meeting, that they do not, and never
did, contemplate the " strike" which was announced
in their names for the 31st of December. The mas-
ters, however, have now determined that, unless the
society recedes from a position which it still
th
main-
tains,w they, in their turn, will cease work on the
;
so that the result, in the event of a non-agreement,
will be the same as if the trades had actually turned
out. To qualify the reader for a judgment on this
decision, we subjoin a succinct exposition of
all the
dc ierrci uv
ems s at
sneclef sd
ri
enevtol
yl v ef dr
0.
in
tThehe
transa wholeet i 0 etims bwrhoiicl mh ewnet
irecently described as occurring at the factory of
Messrs. Hibbert and Platt, of Oldham, in the course
proceedingsa Mesrs.llibbsetri-t
oanf
coerceddlacstos.uwmemreer.
By
those
into e undertaking s which
pulated, amongst other provisions, for the abolition of
overtime, and the removal, at this present Christmas,
of certain unskilled hands from the management of
machinery. This undertaking the men still con-
sider as binding, but Messrs. Hibbert and Co.
describe it as nullified by a subsequent breach of
contract on the part of the operatives engaged. We
cannot profess to doubt that, had things gone as were
anticipated, Messrs. Hibbert would either have lost
all their hands on the Ist of this month, or have been
compelled, as in July last, to accede to the terms pro-
posed by the men. On that occasion they failed in
procuring any aid or co-operation from their fellow
employers, and, being unable to stand alone they
were fain to give way. Since, that time, however, other
firms have received corresponding demands on behalf
of the society, and common alarm has at length pro-
duced common action. When, therefore, the period
arrived for Messrs. Hibbert and Co. to make a new
decision they found themselves supported by their
brethren, and resolved on resistance accordingly.
The manufacturing engineers first announced in our
columns their intention to discharge all their hands
in a body if on the 31st of December last (the day on
which Messrs. Hibbert's " agreement" was to come
into operation), the hands of any one factory
should turn out. Next, they proceeded to make
a demand on their own part, and " required
the unconditional withdrawal " of the notices
served as above mentioned on the several firms.
Lastly, as no such withdrawal has been made, they
have advertised their intention of closing their
works after the expiration of the present week. It
thus appears at a first view of these circumstancet
that, although the workmen have not only made no
advance themselves, but have even disclaimed the
project attributed to them, the masters have assumed
the aggressive and resolved on the very " strike"
which the men declined. But on a further conside-
ration it will be seen that the intent of the resolution
is substantially defensive. The "Amalgamated So-
ciety" have taken up a position with great subtlety.
They own to the designs of abolishing overtime and
piecework, and they have issued circulars " advising"
the trade to conform itself. Thus, as they disavow
far the present any purpose of "striking," and merely
put forth a plausible recommendation, they succeed
in giving an invidious appearance to rigorous mea-
sures on the part of their employers. But the em-
ployers feel that this leaves all the dangers of a
" strike" incessantly suspended over their heads. The
notices requiring the specified concessions are still out,
and any one firm may at any moment find itself
in the position of Messrs. Hibbert and Platt last
July. The society simply " advises" certain doings.
Such " advice" the master cannot receive, and
therefore, as soon as the vigilance of the public is
lulled, some particular firm will be selected fur ex-
ample, and will be reduced by a turnout of its hands
to the alternative of concession or stoppage. As other
firms would, of course, be similarly dealt with, and
other demands infallibly follow on the first, the masters
see they must make a stand, and they thus provoke a
public issue, once for all, between themselves and a
combination which, whatever inaction it may assume
for the present, has shown itself both prompt to
meddle and powerful to coerce. In the serious aspect
thus given to the proceedings the justification of the
masters mainly depends upon the discoverable cha-
racter of the society which at such hazards they•have
resolved to encounter, and we have bestowed, there-
fore, some pains on ascertaining the facts of the case.
Mr. W. Newton is against any such inquiries.
He desires that the discussion may be restricted to
the demands, or, to use his own language,
the " advice," now set forth, without reference
to 'the persons who give it or the circumstances
under which it is given. lie says, that overtime and
piecework undermine the constitution of the work-
man, degrade his condition, and neutralise all institu-
tions designed for his improvement. He, therefore,"
on behalf of the society, "advises the discontinuance
of these practices, and asks for the support of the
public in his attempt. As to what may have taken
place " months ago," or between particular work-
men and their employers, such Matters, he thinks,
"serve only to perplex the question." The public
will not be of this opinion. It will desire to know
what the " Amalgamated Society" is, what are its
rules, what its practical operation, and what, as far as
they can be inferred, its designs. On these points
we can render some assistance to the inquirer. The
society, as its designation intimates, is constituted by
a junction of the several trades' unions connectied
with the engineering profession, many of which, now
represented by the "Amalgamated Society," have
been in operation for several years past, and under the
direction of persons now figuring in the "Executive
Council." Originally and ostensibly these constituent
associations were framed for the laudable purpose of
providing against sickness or destitution, but latterly,
and especially since the amalgamation, their action
has been directed to purposes of a very different kind.
In a " preface" which has been added to the old body
of rules it is plainly avowed that the objects of the
consolidated society should include the " regulation
and organization of labour"—a proposition which we
find to mean, that the market of engineering labour
should be restricted as much as possible by resisting
the introduction of any but " apprenticed" hands,
and positively preventing the entry of any apprentice
"except in the proportion of one to four journeymen."
The employment by any master of any men except
such as shall be " legal" according to this test of
legality is openly proscribed, and the right of work-
ing engineers to prevent their fellow-countrymen
from working at engineering is described as resem-
bling that of " the physician who holds his diploma,
or the author who is protected by ISiscopyright.' Such
according to its own showing is the Amalgamated So-
ciety. On referring to the acts and publications of
the " central committee" of these several trades before
their formal amalgamation on the first day of last
members l
ofers year, We have evidence in abundance of the true
thefairirly
tendency of their proceedings. The sustenance of
o
disabledtransactions.
c a rcrei !aye
iap
enl o
et iecneeaebrl
ne
pr
is with the limitation of the labour market as above
mentioned, with the curtailment of personal indepen-
dence in the matter of overtime and piecework, and
with the unconditional maintenance of wages at a
certain height, whatever may be the depression of the
trade. Working engineers, in fact, were to be "pro-
tected" by the terrorism of the society in the receipt
of full salaries, notwithstanding any abundance of
labour or any diminution of profits. If any new
hand" was heard of as working at any shop for re-
duced wages, his dismissal was ordered, or, failing
compliance, the other hands were " advised to " with-
draw." Similarly, if any workmen accepted a re-
duction of wages on the representation of their em-
ployers, they were " advised," whatever might be
their private satisfaction with the arrangement, to
resist, and in case of refusal were publicly denounced.
What the true value of Mr. Newton's expression is may
be gathered from a circular signed with his own hand,
containing the following paragraph :—" We are sorry
to have to complain of four or five individuals who re-
fused to follow our simple advice to leave work when
they had completed an ordinary day's time. Of
course no further confidence could be placed in them,
and from that time they were never treated with, but
left to follow the dictates of their own evil wishes.
• • • . Otir trade well know how to draw a dis-
tinction between those who honourably stand up for
its interest and support,
and
those
who receive a
bribe of wages in opposition to its wishes." This is
the "advice" which no doubt awaited Messrs.
fib-
her t and Platt's men on the
31st of December, and
these are the "advisers" whose monitions the
manu-
facturers decline
to keep in suspense. We can trace
very clearly in the d
the o documents before us a change in
operations of the societies. By the influence of
some person or persons
their legitimate
labour," and we t purpose to the purpose of "organizingmetion" was brourohntgly i
suspect that the " amalga-
out with the express design
of so pushing these viewsundr the " rule" of Mr. New-
es ultimately to bring "the
destinies of the trade"
New-
ton and his colleagues. As
early
y as Feb., 1850, we find
in a circular also signed by Mr. W. Newton, a strong
recommendation to toe
members to proceed beyond
" half-rnea,ures,", and instead
of waiting for griev-
ances to be redressed, to distslav a " ' • •
betitting'dignity"
by taking the initiative themselves. After this expo-

sition of the doings of a committee virtually identical
with the council of the " Amalgamated Society," the
reader will he less surprised at the determination of
the masters to come to some definite end with such an
antagonist. As to the particular demands on which
their stand is taken, they signify but little. In point
of fact, as we discerned from the first, the points of
overtime and piecework are urged merely as pretexts
and on grounds disingenuously stated. Mr. Newton
was pleased to talk of the sufferings of the
overworked mechanic, but his own book of rules
describes the obnoxious practice "as being the
cause of much evil through giving to a number
the privilege of working more than a legitimate
week's time." This is precisely what we said of the
argument when it was first produced. The object of
the society is to dictate the conditions on which a man
may obtain labour, to prescribe the amount which he
may perform, and to compel the manufacturers, under
any circumstances, to pay certain wages. Even the
Southampton men, it will be seen, merely profess not
to require the ". immediate" dismissal of " labourers,"
and Mr. Newton's denial on this point was similarly
limited to his " present" intentions. We cannot doubt
that the society did intend• to exact the fixed conces-
sions from Messrs. Hibbert, and afterwards to pro-
ceed with other firms and further demands. In this
they have been foiled, and as their purposes were
manifestly inconsistent with the freedom and prospe-
rity of trade, and not only that, but, as our corre-
spondenec., shows, of doubtful legality into the bargain,
we trust the great body of those intelligent and well-
paid operatives will take a lesson from the event, and
keep for the future a sharp eye on their council and
their funds.
POST.—When the close of last year's session re-
leased the Parliament from weary debates, more irk-
some and laborious in their progress than productive
in their results, the Government was left entrusted to
a Cabinet which held its place, perhaps, on honour-
able, but, in a country such as this, certainly on sin-
gular grounds. Broken up by internal discord, and
recoiling from external pressure, this Ministry had
fallen to pieces—had failed in an attempt at recon-
struction much hope of
yd a " widened basis"—and
stated in its old form, plainly
doing
finally,oing
well,
e i
thoughol,nhad whatbite
been
snhcarareldil
rein
and avowedly because, at the moment, there was no
other that could honestly undertake to do better.
Since we are coming so near the day when the Go-
vernment must face a Parliament raised by the Pre-
mier's own words to a considerable height of expec-
tation, guarded by no such safety-valve as the Great
Exhibition, it may not be unprofitable to glance back
to examine the ma-
atetritahlesweakness which
that event exposed, And so to estimate, in some
degree, the Ministerial possibilities of 1852.
Ministerialof
strength crisisa
hd t
hoefslo
After Lord Derby had declined to attempt an Ad-
ministration—on a second Summons had failed to
make one ; after he and Lord John had successively
tried in vain to attract to themselves some of those
loose and anomalous bodies, called for want of a
better name, Peelites, on what ground of strength
in one party, on what confession of weakness in
the other, was Lord John Russell encouraged to
resume his post ? Why was Lord Derby forced
conscientiously to decline office ? The great diffi-
culty, said Lord Derby, was to find a man whom
he could trust with the foreign relations of England.
This was a necessity which he could not meet. So
the Russell Cabinet came in, and stayed in, be-
cause, in the most important and hazardous depart-
rlent of the administration of the day, it had the
serc4ces of a Minister whose great powers even the
Government organs are forced to confess without re-
serve, aed whose great services to Government and
to the cou;trY have been so inexplicably requited.
It is not our o's.
nsiness to assign any origin to the
—as yet perfectly unexplained
extraordinary event- .
which, if it do not breeng an entirely new Cabinet
before the Parliament, SO S2on to. re-assemble, willh
place Lord John Russell and Treasury Be
in as strange a dilemma as ever Ministry was called
on to face. But it is not explanation only that will
be demanded from the Premier and his A,Jeninistra-
tion. To quote the well-known words of a great
authority, " The Queen's Government must be c. -
ried on." That task will be no light one. There is
not one of the vexed questions of past years which the
enemies of England will not now hasten to revive and
excite, in order to profit by the evident weaLoess of
her Cabinet as at present con4tutad. How are ;,,he
evident and inevitable difficulties of the timc—foreign
and domestic—to be met and dealt with ?By the
same policy that has been so successful under Lord
Paltnerston, say the journals supposed to speak from
authority. A curious admission indeed, and not
likely, if' it were true, to render some explanations that
must: be given either more easy, or more honourable.
But the slightest examination will be enough to expose
this pretence of continuing our late wise and powerful
foreign policy as a flimsy thing hung up to conceal the
truth. It is far less difficult to show reasons for fearing
that a course so necessary for England's good must
be impossible under present circumstances than to
discover grounds for hoping that it may be carried
out. If the Cabinet were to stand as it is the very
material for such a work would be wanting. We
have no inclination to detract from the reputed ability,
and no wish to underrate the promise of the young
nobleman who at present holds the seals of the Fo-
reign-office, nor have we ever failed to acknowledge
the energy and cleverness of the Premier, but it will
be long before either one or the other gain that mas-
tery over the complicated relations of the great world
of polities by which England has held so high a place
—respected, honoured, and obeyed in her peaceful
arbitration. The 'attempt of these weaker and less
experienced Ministers to carry out the wide views
which their predecessor had founded on extended
knowledge and unmatched experience, would be not
unlike some of the experiments in Chinese warfare,
such as that of bringing against our ships of war what
seemed steamers, in which every form was exactly
copied, and nothing in fact was wanting but the motive
power. All the outside of our late foreign policy. may be
fairly presented to Parliament by the new directors of
that important department of the State, but, in the
absence of stronger guarantees of independent power
than We have yet seen, we must believe that, were the
present state of things continued, England would have
to fall back for aid and support in England's course,
as to foreign relations, on statesmen who ask no better
than to guide where they have been forced by a supe-
rior ieti4ligence to follow. But it were waste of time
to speculate further on a future which every observer
kpows to be an impossibility. The Cabinet, it is uni-
versally admitted, will not stand in its present form.
It must do now what it tried and failed to do last year.
It must take in new members from a new party or sec-
tion, or, according to the jargon of the day, must
~ widen its basis.' The materials of administration
which it could not gain, or would not submit to, last
year, and no other materials, are still in the politic al
market ; but now, as then, they are not to be had for
nothing. In what single particular are the difficulties re-
moved which prevented the desired junction of last,year?
On what possible grounds can the Russell Cabinet
hope to continue a week in office after abandoning
the only points on which they were forced to appeal,
as being the Government of necessity, to a loyal and
patriotic support, which alone carried them through a
session easy and smooth compared to the one we are
expecting. Those points were the vindication of
England's independence from Papal aggression at
home, and the peaceful maintenance of her guarantees
and obligations abroad. A Government widened by
Peelite additions would not carry measures which
England had been promised, and which she absolutely
demanded. Lord ':John Russell's strength in the
country rested last session on his large promises and
noble sentiments on the subject of the Papal Bill.
How will he stand if, to widen his basis, ho consent to
let those large promises and noble sentiments end
in nothing better than a law for the encouragement
of Papal aggression ? With a Ministry that shrinks
from enforcing its penalties, it will deserve no better
title, and will have no less mischievous effects. Yet
there can be no doubt that the same
motives which
made Sir James Graham, and those who more or less
think with him, the Pope's humble servants in the
past year, would keep them as his useful ministers in
the present. The same obstacles that made the Peelite
junction and a law to protect the Queen's prerogative
incompatible objects, would no less make the same
junction incompatible with the honest working of that
measure. If this sacrifice of a necessary law be once
made, there is an end of all hope for many a day of
giving prosperity to Ireland : there is a renewal, and a
long one, of the most fruitful source of
all her misery, the supremacy of the priesthood
over the law. And not in Ireland alone would
the ruin of a cowardly retreat be felt. It would
be a triumph to the most mischievous and truly re-
volutionary body in the world—a heavy blow to the
honour and consideration of England. In foreign
affairs it would be no less impossible for any Cabinet
that should admit one grain of the miserable Aber-
deen narcotic into its composition, to act the bold, in.
dependent, and impartial part that carried us proud
and scatheless through the troubles of 1848. Such is
the dilemma to which we are rapidl-
y coming. With
a change of Cabinet such as is rumoured, we cannot
but have a change of policy at home and abroad. In
abandoning, as it must do, the materials of support
and grounds of confidence on which Lord John has
hitherto relied, the party-coloured Government that
we are threatened with must look in a new direction

for support and concurrence. In the only direction to
which the experiments of this probable attempt at
Government are likely to lead, we aee nothing but
danger, such as we doubt whether any composition or
compromise with Democracy that the Premier may
devise will be able either to avert or to deal with.

THE ARCTIC EXPEDITION.

[PRICE SD.

let us set aside all feeling," or words to that effect.
" We are going home non-successful. Depend upon
it we shall be called upon closely," or words to that
effect. "It is now necessary that we should take
upon ourselves a certain amount of responsibility, and
there must be a little official correspondence pass be-
tween you and me. You see that I have told you
that I am satisfied, after mature consideration, with
what has been done by my own officers, and it is now
for you to tell me in some way what you think of
your work," or words to that effect.
Chairman—You state that you received an outline
chart from Captain Penny communicating his disco-
veries. Did you communicate your exploring opera-
tions to him ? Captain Austin—Directly after my
exploring parties came in I sent to Sir John Ross
and Captain Penny with a view of informing them
of what had been done, and eliciting from them at
the earliest opportunity what they had accomplished.
The date of my communication was the 4th of July,
1851.

Chairman—How soon after that did you receive
Captain Penny's outline chart? Captain Austin—
I received it on the 11th of August.
Captain Austin continued—Captain Penny then, I
think, said, " Oh, I have answered that," and turned
to the back of the cabin and gave me a letter. I
opened the letter and found it was not at all an answer
to the questions I put. He gave me the letter which
he has now put in. Until I saw that letter here I
forgot it, for I never noticed it in any other way than
that I have mentioned.
The letter was as follows :
" Assistance Bay, 11th August, 1851.
" Sir,—l have this moment received your dispatch.
I beg to state that you have already my chart and
expressed opinions, which I again send you in
writing ; i. e. that I have not found any trace other-
wise than a bit of elm, which you have seen, and I
can only judge when I see Wellington Channel what
course I will then pursue.
"My orders are such as would not justify me in
passing another winter i❑ the Arctic seas.
" I have the honour to be, Sir, your most obedient
servant,

" WILLIAM PENNY.
"To Captain Austin, her Majesty's ship Re-
solute, and in charge of her Majesty s Ex-
pedition in search of Sir J. Franklin."

Captain Austin continued—l took this letter, and
I said, "This is not a reply to my question ;" and I
believe I put it in my pocket. After reasoning a
little Captain Penny became more cool ; and I then
took the letter out and said, " Well, I do not mean to
say that if the Wellington Channel was opened, and
I believe that two days would accomplish it, that I
would not proceed up with a steamer and get some
soundings, some angles and observations." But I
said, " Penny, I will tell you what; if you will tell
me, and give me from under your band that you are
satisfied with the work you have performed, I will not
go up the Wellington Channel. Geography is not
our object, and, therefore, I should tell you I am
satisfied if you are satisfied ; but if you give me this
letter I must write to you again, and it will not be
satisfactory before the public that we are altercating,"
or something to that effect. I am ready to declare that
I gave that letter to Captain Penny again. I cannot say
he was unwilling to receive it; I do not know. How I
was able to maintain myself as an officer and a gentle-
man under the circumstances I cannot tell. I then
said to Captain Penny, "Now reflect, as soon as you
give me your answer you may rely upon it that I
shall not look over your work, and you will then know
what are my plans for the future." I then bade him
good bye, ',.and went on board the Felix. Sir John
Ross had been kind enough to supply us with five tons
of coals, and my anxiety to get them on board kept
me there a little longer than I might otherwise have
been. On returning to the ship I passed with Captain
Ommanney under the stern of the Lady Franklin.
Captain Penny was on deck, and, I believe, kindly
asked me to come on board. I said, "No, I thank
you." Several of our officers were on board, and I
think I said to Captain Ommaney, " All I want is his
reply, and if we go on board it will only delay us. I
have reasoned with him, and the sooner I get on board
the better." I said to Captain Ommanney, " You
must remain on board, because I shall have an answer
to that letter, for till that comes not a word can I say
as to what we are going to do." I must refer to the
notes I made at that time. I waited up until
midnight for Captain Penny's answer. Being
much fagged, I went to bed. Captain Om-
manney was on board the Resolute until midnight,
when I requested him to go to his ship. Previous
to going to bed I wrote a note to Captain Penny,
most kindly, for an official answer. The substance is
this :—First of all, the note was very kindly written,
appealing to Captain Penny as an active and ener-
getic Arctic navigator for a reply to my official letter.
I impressed upon his mind that the expedition I wes
charged with was lying in that bay in the midst of
straggling ice. At that time I did not know but that
I was going to remain out another winter. Up to
that moment I meant to say that not a soul had any
reason to expect that he was to go to England before
I had a satisfactory answer from Captain Penny;
therefore it was a very anxious moment for me from
the time I came on board the Resolute. At two
o'clock on the morning of the 12th of August, 1851,
Captain Penny's reply came on board ; at that time I
was really too tired to get up and close my report.
The following is Captain Penny's reply :
" Assistance Bay, Aug. 11, 1851.
" Sir,—Your question is easily answered. My
opinion is, Wellington Channel requires no further
search; all has been done in the power of man to ac-
complish, and no trace has been found. What else
can be done ?
" I have the honour to be, your most obedien
servant,

" WM. PENNY."

Captain Austin continued—Shortly after the receipt
of this letter, the Lady Franklin and Sophia were
making preparations to move. I sent a letter to Cap-
tain Penny, dated " Her Majesty's ship, Resolute, off
Captain Penny's winter quarters, 12th April, 1851:'
It was as follows :
" Sir,—l beg leave to acknowledge the receipt of
your letter making known to me the result of the
search in Wellington Strait by the expedition under
your charge. I have now to inform you that I do
not consider it necessary to prosecute (even if practi-
cable) a further search in that direction, with the ex-
pedition under my orders. It is now my intention to
proceed to attempt the search of Jone*'s Sound.
" I have the honour to be, Sir,
" Your obedient servant,
• Tsile;ter
tby Mr.
" HORATIO
Captain Austin continued—On
on board I sent also my compliments,
sending
toffik
er
M‘Dougai;, the second master,
n
n wrote
wlrwa closed theo tow
re-
the brigs out the steamers.
him
to him privately, telling an offer
to tow him in the Felix. Sir John oss closed, and
Sophia and
be was taken in tow, and proceeded, the
Lady Franklin having previously sailed out. We
proceeded to the eastward, the wind being very light.
Vtie came up with the Lady Franklin and Sophie,
and I went on board the Lady Franklin with my
report, and an outline_ chart accompanying it, show-
ing the proceedings of the expedition under my care.
Sir E. Parry—ln Captain Penny's letter to you of
the 11th of August, 1851, and put into your hands
that day by him in the cabin of the Lady Franklin,
be speaks of his chart, and expressed opinions, which
be again sends you in writing ; now I want to know
vibat opinions those were that Captain Penny had be-
fore expressed to you ? Captain Austin—l suppose
it refers to Captain Penny's letter of the 4th of
August, 1851, addressed to me, and received on the
11th of August.
Sir E. Parry—
i Previously to Captain Penny put-
ting that letter into your hands on the 11th of Au-
gust, had he ever expressed an opinion to you that
you ought to go up Wellington Strait? Captain
Austin—Never, to the best of my belief.
Sir E. Parry—Can you conjecture what Captain
Penny meant by the following expression in his
letter of the 11th of August, put into your hand—
" and I only can judge when I see Wellington Chan-
nel what course I will then pursue?" Captain Aus-
tin—No, not any more than I can of much more
that passed in. conversation between Captain Penny
and myself.
Captain Austin continued—l came up to the Lady
Franklin and Sophia, and went on board with my
chart and report to the Secretary of the Admiralty.
Captain Ommanney joined. I was most guarded in
what I said and did. Captain Penny was quite dis-
satisfied. He said something about—had I not heard
or understood from some of my officers that we bad
not got clear, meaning of our frozen-in. position, he
intended waiting until the 13th of August for us.
I replied, " Certainly it had never been intimated to
me ; but I was quite satisfied he would have been
ready to help us if he could." In the presence
Captain Ommanney I said " Penny. I suppose it
would be a bad compliment to ask you if we can give,.
you anything," meaning provisions or any of
that sort, " although I cannot say we are off,
in
going home." He expressed something in reply,
which I do not recollect ; but his manner vvas so un-
pleasant that I cannot recollect what he said, A_ ft r
trying to be civil, and getting his letter, I took my
leave.
Chairman—You are aware of the evidence which