The Sun.
London, England, 1852-04-09 00:00:00

Average Amenn 1
Rochester, Chatham, and Strood Bank Roches-
ter—Dav and Nicholson .......
Rugby Bank, Rugby—Butlin and Son 12,994
Rye bank, Rye—Pomfret and Co.
Ross Old Bank, Herefordshire, Ross—Pritchard
3,596
and Allaway .......
Saffron Walden and North Essex Bank, Saffron
Walden—Messrs. Gibson
Salop Bank, Shrewsbury—Burton, Lloyd, and
13,532
Co
Scarborough Old Bank, Scarborough—Woodall

21,147

and Co
Shrewsbury Old Bank, and Shrewsbury and
Ludlow Bank, Shrewsbury—Rocke, Eytons,
.... ..................................... 34,210
and Co
Sittingbourne and Milton Bank, Sitting bourne
—Valiance and Sou. ................................
Southampton Town and County Bank, South-
ampton—:rladdison and Pearce 10,620
Southwell Bank, Southwell—Wylde and Co.
Southampton and Hampshire Bank, Southamp-
ton—Atherly and Fall
Stone Bank, Stone—W. Moore
Stafford Old Bank, Stafford—Stevenson and Co 10,111
Stamford and Rutland Bank, Stamford—Eaton,
Cayley, and Co. ,
Stourbridge Old Bank, Stourbridge—Bate and
ink

2,090

9,130

41,878

99,0 a

Robins
Shrewsbury and Welshpool Bank, Shrewsbury
—Beck, Downward, and Co. 22,838
Taunton Bank, Taunton—Messrs. Badcock 21,297
Tavistock Bank, Tavistock—Gill, Rundle, and
Co 9,334
Thornbury Bank, Thornbury—Rolph, Yates, and

Parslow
Tiverton and Devonshire Bank, Tiverton—Duns-
ford and Barne ....... 8,675
Thrapston and Kettering Bank, Northampton-
shire, Thrapston—Yorke and Eland 10,456
Tring Bank and Chesham Bank, Tring—But-
cher and Son
Towcester Old Bank, Towcester—J. and S
Percival
Town and County .of Poole Bank, and Ring-
wood and Poole Bank Ledgard and
Sons
Union Bank, Cornwall, Helston—Vivian and
Co. 8,523
Uxbridge Old Bank, 'Uxbridge—Hull, Smith,
and Co.
Wallingford Bank, Wallingford—Hedges & Co. 7,529
Warwick and Warwickshire Bank, Warwick—
Greenway and Co.
Wellington Somerset Bank, Wellington—Fox.
Brothers
West Riding Bank, Wakefield, and Pontefraat
Bank, Wakefield—Leatham, Tew, and C 0.... 43,419
Whitby Old Bank, Whitby—Simpson, Chap-
man, and Co 12,770
Winchester, Alresford, and Alton Bank, Win-
chester—Bulpett and Co.
Winchester and. Hampshire Bank, Winchester
—Wickham and Co
Weymouth Old Bank and Dorchester Bull>,
Weymouth—Elliott and Pearse
Wirkesworth and Ashbourne Derbyshire Bank,
Wirkesworth—Arkwright and Co. . 34,056
Wisbech and Lincolnshire Bank, Wisbech—
Gurney and Co.
Wivelisconabe Bank, Wiveliscombe—P. and W
Hancock ......
Wolverhampton Bank, Wolverhampton—Good-
ricke 'and Holyoake.
Worcester Bank, Worcester—Farley, Lavender,
and Co. 6,574
Worcester Old Bank and Tewkesbury Old Bank,
Worcester—Berwick, Lechmere, and Co 65,239
Worcestershire Bank, Kidderminster—Farley
and Turner
Walsall Old Bank, Walsall—CharlesFoster and
Sons
Warminster and Wiltshire Bank, Warminster—
Everett and Co.
Wolverhampton Bank, Wolverhampton—
Messrs. Fryer
Yarmouth and Suffolk Bank, and Halesworth
and Suffolk Bank, Yarmouth—Gurney.
Birkbelk, and Co.
Yarmouth, Norfolk, and Suffolk Bank, Great
Yarmouth—Sir E. K. Lacon, Bart., and Co 12,235
York Bank. York—Swann, Clough, and Co..— 39,127

7,262

6,930

3,740

30,42 1

10,550

11,649
3,137

9,989

3,089

4,87

9,051

JOINT-STOCK BANKS.
Bank of Westmoreland, Kendal
Barnsley Banking Company, Barnsley
Bradford Bankingc, Company, Bradford 46,647
Bilston District Banking Company, Wolver-
hampton
Bank of Whitehaven, Whitehaven
Bradford Commercial Banking Company, Brad-
ford ....~....
Burton, Uttoxeter, and Staffordshire Union
Banking Canapany, Burton-upon-Trent
Chesterfield and North Derbyshire Banking
Company., Chesterfield .. 7,975
Cumberland Union Banking Company, Work-
i
ngton
Cheltenham and Gloucestershire Banking Com-

pany, Cheltenham
Coventry and Warwickshire Banking Company
Coventry
Coventry Union Banking Company, Coventry 13,201
County of Gloucester Banking Company, Chel-
tenham
Carlisle and Cumberland Banking Company
Carlisle
Carlisle City and District Bank, Carlisle 18,580
Dudley and West Bromwich Banking Company,
Dudley
Derby and Derbyshire Banking Company, Derby 19,649
Dariington District Joint-Stock Banking Com-
pany, Darlington
East o: England Bank, Norwich
Gloucestershire Banking Company, Gloucester 133,570
Halifax Joint-Stock Bank, Halifax 17,275
Huddersfield Banking Company, Huddersfield 32,761
Hull Banking Company, Hull 22,684
Halifax Commercial Banking Company, Ha-
lifax . 12,001
Halifax and Huddersfield Union Banking Com-
pany, Halifax
Helston Banking Company, Helston 1,444
Herefordshire Banking Company, Hereford 16,900
Knaresborough and Claro Banking Company,
Knaresborough
Kingsbridte Joint-Stock Bank, Kingsbridge 3,135
Lan aster Banking Company, Lancaster . 55,923
Leeds Banking Company, Leeds
Leicestershire Banking Company, Leicester
Lincoln and Lindsey Banking Company, Lincoln 44,365
Leamington Priors and Warwickshire Banking
Company, Leamington Priors
Ludlow and Tenbury Bank, Ludlow 9,866
Moore and Robinson's Nottinghamshire Bank-
ing Company, Nottingham 30,769
Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Banking
Company, Nottingham
Newcastle, Shields, and Sunderland Union Joint-
Stock Banking Company, Newcastle
National Provincial Bank of England, Birming-
ham, Head-office, 112, Bishopsgate-street,
London
North ,ViltN Banking Company, Melksham 44,633
Northamptonshire Union Bank, Northampton 66,650
Northamptonshire Banking Company, North-
ampton
North and South Wales Bank, Liverpool 25,932
Lei-
's Leivstf.rshire Banking Company,
44,140
SPadredesslteewr .().; i h .i Banking ..
Company, Saddleworth 1,704
Sheffield Btaltir 7 Company, Sheffield 33,935
Stpamanfyor, ds, Spalding, and Boston Banking Cora-
Stuckey' tamiord ................... :5.t.0..1..5. ...
m..e..r.5.e..t.. 52,920
308 379
s Banking C, omp.a.n.y.,. . B r..i.
38 829
Somerset-
shire
..... Bank,
..... and. ..0.1.17 se tshirseh
iffnßank,ail ... Lang-
,
Shropshire Banking Company, .
ss
hy
,Siteahmii ecooffihid
dame
11
et:di
ana
and
. i i 0
pany, Stourbridge ...................
Stourbridge and Kidderminster Banking Com-
57,175
Sheffield and Hallamshire Banking Company,
. 23 986
,
• ......
Company, Sh.llidid . .
Storey and t.her.liam Joint-Stock Banking
44,740
(.I..Wenaley.dale
................
Shaftesb nails
s
t;Wolverham n aadg if: ..........
.13..nkingdom --
Tho , Banking Company
ug..
.....
ordshire a 31,804
Wakefield and BarnPat°4-iyZo; ..
t't'n'i;: Wakefield...
12701
PWWhaaritnll:cakilvdejr°Leahiar.n:l-inSirig.to...n.-8"an...k..in.g...C.0ra..p.an• ..y,
Whitehaven
..._.....
....t°ek Banking Company
WWe a tarowf itng-fa.a.. ........ . .i.......................171.e...a........b...i15itiri:c;t 37620373:,,349323:2276
WBilatsnkan.l3dnDsotorlset.ianl;ing! °r"Pan,, Salisbur
West Riding Union Banking. i.,
w dh ei
tr
os
hfi
oe
ridch and Ellesmere Banki .............. "". 31,231
' -c"raPanY, Huff,
WWorcheistetehruercihty.
and County Bankii;;^ .....
ug company,
yYoorrkk
CUintyioanoßd actiokuningtyCßoamnpluannidroOr.pliao...y....y...o..r:.:.l,:. .
Worcester .O %Amapa", :4568605
Yorkshire Banking Company.-Laeda . ' 182,820
inland Rel:;nDoeE,AsoNmSerßs:tgHist:usare,of;pfir;ail
3:BeCurllB7
1852. •

1,245

LIGHT AT THE MOUTH OF NELSON au.
BOUR.
Harbour-office, Nelson, N.Z., Aug. 22,1851.
The Nelson Harbour Light will be known to mari-
ners as a fixed red light. The light will be visible in a
south direction from N.N.W. round to N.N.E. The
lantern is elevated 160 feet above the level of the sea ;
but the light being red will not be seen at a greater dis-
tance than about eighteen miles, and at a lesser distance,
according to fhe state of the atmosphere. Vessels run-
ning down the bay should bring the light to bear
S.S.E., with the lead going until they got within
seven fathoms, when they should anchor and wait for
a pilot. The light is in south lat. 41 deg. 15 min. 30
sec., and east long. 173 deg. 16 min. 5 sea.

LUNACY PROCEEDINGS EXPENSE; BILL. Lord
Lyndhurst's Bill to diminish the expense of proceedings
un.ler commissions "de lunatico inquirendo" has be en
printed. By it, the orders of the Masters will have the
same force as those of the Lord Chancellor, except it
special cases. The costs of proceedings will be at the ldis-
cretion and paid only under an order of the Lord Chancellor
and the Master, as the case may be. The Master will be
required to frame rules and orders for the form of the pro-
ceedinv, subject to the approval of the Lord Chancellor, who
will make the necessary general orders; all rules and orders,
however, will have to be submitted to Parliament. There is
also an indemnity clause for the Bank of England and other
szeieties for all acts and things done or permitted to be done
by this Act.

SOCIETY OF ARTS.
On Wednesday evening one of a series of lectures
in connexion with the Great Exhibition was delivered

at the usual meeting of the Society of Arts. The
subject of the lecture was " The Iron-making Re-
sources of the United Kingdom," and was deli-
vered by _ __

S. 11. BLACKWELL, Esq., F.G,S., of Dudley, who
said—That however successful the Exhibition of 1851
might be regarded as having been for the great pur-
pose for which it was designed, namely, to illustrate
the progress made up to the present time in the vari-
ous departments of the arts and manufactures of
the world, and however wonderful might have been
the vast collection of objects of wealth and industry
brought together, it might certainly be asserted that
the Exhibition itself displayed in no one of its details
any more remarkable instance of modern progress
than the vast and stately building which rose

with almost magic rapidity from the ground, and
which was no less admirable for its beauty and
simplicity, than for its amazing vastness, and its per-
fect adaptation to the purposes for which it was in-
tended. The veryconception of the idea of the

Crystal Palace, and its successful execution, placed
prominently forward the great iron-making resources
of the kingdom, and the extraordinary degree of per-
fection to which some of the branches of our iron

manufactures had attained. Whilst the other branches

of manufactures were illustrated by a careful selec-
tion of the most perfect results attained in their own
departments, the most remarkable illustration of the
present condition of the iron manufacture was to be
found in the building itself, which spread its lofty roof
and walls of light over all it held, and guarded with
such perfect care and fitness the boundless stores of

wealth collected together from so many parts
of the world. The guardian and basis of the
Exhibition itself—the Crystal Palace, illustrated
no less admirably how the iron-making re-
sources of the kingdom underlie all departments
of manufacture, and become the very foundation
on which all modern progress must rest—aiding and
assisting every other branch of manufactures, and
connecting all together in one great bond of unity.
It was natural, therefore, that a prominent place
should have been assigned in the Exhibition to the
iron-making resources of the kingdom, and it was
wisely determined that an attempt should be made to
collect, in the mineral department, so comprehensive
a collection of the various ores of Great Britain as
should enable some idea to be formed of our general
iron-making resources. No similar attempt had
been made before, and, consequently, this was one of
some difficulty, and the execution could only be con-
sidered approximately successful. It would be ne-
cessary, in the first place, to take a view of the
rise and progress of our iron manufacture in order
to give an idea of its rapidity in the last half century.
Its history might be divided into two periods, the
first extending from the earliest historical notice
of it which we possess down to the introduc-
tion of coal as fuel for smelting ; and the second
extending from that period to the present time. Eng-
land was early celebrated for her iron manufacture,
and there were few districts where iron ores were
now found in which remains of old workings did not
exist, and in some districts it was clear that smelting
with the charcoal of the forests was extensively car-
ried on. This was the case not only in the districts
where iron manufacture was now worked, but in those
in which it bad long ceased ; and the red hematites
of the carboniferous limestones' of Lancashire, the
Forest of Dean, and Somersetshire, the argillaceous
limestones of Derbyshire, Yorkshire, Staffordshire,
and South Wales—all now ironmaking localities—
were worked at very early periods ; while the iron ores
of the green sand and wealden clay formations of Sus-
sex, Surrey, and Sent, and the hematites of the Devo-
nian beds of Somersetsnire, and even the hematitic
conglomerates of Brock well and Minehead, which have
now ceased to be iron-producing districts, were for-
merly largely worked. Traces of ancient workings had
also been found in the ore districts of Northampton •
shire, which had only attracted attention since the
Exhibition, which showed they were known to the
Romans. The early iron trade was at its greatest
height in 1615, where, according to " Sturtevant," as
quoted by Dudley in his " Metallum Mertes," there
were in England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, 800
furnaces, which, if working forty weeks a year, would
produce 180,000 tons. Various causes led to a de-
cline in the manufacture, and, in 1740, it was only
17,350 tons, produced by fifty-nine furnaces. At-
tempts to employ coal for smelting were made in
1620, but its use for fuel was only established in
1740, the second epoch in the manufacture of iron,
which, in 1788, rose to 70,000 tons ; in 1800, to
180,000 ; in 1825, to 600,000 ; and in 1851, to
2,500,000: South Wales producing 750,000; Scot-
land, 775,000; South Staffordshire and Worcestershire
600,000 ; and other districts, 400,000. In 1851 the
exports were upwards of 1,200,000 tons not including
tin plates, hardware, cutlery, and machinery, the de-
clared value of which was—tin plates, 1,018,951/. ;
hardware and cutlery, 2,826,1321.; machinery,
1,164,9331.; and adding to this pig iron, bars,
wrought iron, wire and castings, the whole value of
the exports of iron was 10,424,1391. The causes of
this increase were traceable to the demand made by
the rapid expansion of all our arts and manufactures,
to improved machinery and apparatu', and to the
vast and eimost inexhaustible supplies of coals and
iron our mineral fields contained. As regarded the
two first, this country only possessed them in common
with the world at large, but as regarded the last, it
possessed a marked pre-eminence, the United States
alone bring able to bear any comparison as regarded
the area crf coal and iron fields, but possessing no ar-
gillaceous ironstone, which here existed in this
country in such abundance, alternating with
beds of coal in our coal fields, an that coal and
ore are constantly obtained together by the
same working. This proximity existed in
no other country ; and in the Exhibition there were
four hundred specimens of the argillaceous ironstones
of Engiond, while the only other country that pos-
sessed any specimens was the United States, and those
amounted only to three or four. Besides the argil-
laceous ironstone there were carbonaceous deposits
of iron ore peculiar to this country, and the " black-
band " ironstones of Scotland, Northumberland, North
Staffordshire, and South Wales, were unknown else-
where, and these supplied nine-tenths of the iron pro-
duced.
nThe quantity of iron produced was—in
775,000 tons; South Wales, 700,000;
South Staffordshire and Worcestershire, 600,000;
Shropshire, 90 000; North Straffordshire, 55,000;
Yorkshire and Derbyshire, 105,000; North Wales,
28,000 ; Forest of Dean, 26,000 ; Wbitehaven,
12,500 ; Northumberland, 90,000. The ironstones
were divided into the argillaceous ironstones and the
blackbands or carbonaceous ironstones. The former
consist of oxide of iron, alumnia, silica, manganese,
soda potash, phosphoric acid, titanium, crystals
of nickel, zinc, copper, and lead, the quality vary-
ing according to the predominance of any of these
components. (The lecturer then entered into an ela-
borate chemical analysis of this species of ore, and
stated the peculiarities of all of them in their several
districts, and their infinite varieties.) The cost of
raising this class of ores was greater than any other,
being from 4d. to 9s. a ton ; but from their superior
quality and proximity to coal were extensively used.
The second class, the blackhand or carbonaceous
ironstones, were not so varied, and owing to their
general thickness were raised at ls. 6d. to 2s a ton.
The two principal constituents of blackbands were
oxide of iron and carbonic acid, silica and alumnia
existing only in a small proportion. The iron they
produced had a greater tendency to " cold•short-
ness" than any other class, owing to the phosphoric,
acid it contained ; and were best adapted for foundry
purposes, for which indeed Scotland was pre-eminent.
The localities in which it existed were Scotland, Nor.
thumberland, North and South Wales, North Stafford-
shire, parts of South Staffordshire and the Cleo
Hills. The discovery of " Blackbands" in Scot-
land was made in 1801 by Mr. Masked, and the
power of using in blast furnaces by means of the hot
blast was a new era in iron manufacture, causing an
increase in Scotland from 37,500 tons in 1830, and
196,960 in 1839, to 750,000 in 1851. The next most
important black band districts were North Stafford-
shire and South Wales—the Llynvi Valley bed being
the most remarkable—and in the Anthracite district,
of Ystabyfera and GrosceidowinE,
habsowyeallieasonind
sthsoirse.
of ront-y-Pool, Nanta.y.g
howy
blackbands, Wales, and the Clee Hills,
d. s are to be found, as well as in the
Cardiff Vale ,
iootif North-
umberland umberland andtslielDn nr lower
ho
Toe a. r b oI no i feeroomu
es
dbiesdt rs
stone ; and the extent
c h a n ge do
fi ndt oe
ptisdi
tss ofof bi
rl aocoks bt
oaou
ed
ailrtoenr:
and also in
the coal fields of Eng-
land,d was estimated at 5,768
Wales, r,nd Scotian
cnosatellsyornweitthinibeesd a of coal might be gathered from the
fact that the 'antire area of
did not exist in
the argillaceous ironstone
square miles
atr:endsiel
se
sufficient; ftl thO although some of the coal fields
enable them to be
resource al• ace that fuel was required
carboniferous oolitic beds. The most important. iron
ores, a, were the hematites or
er the coal-measures,
Yet they were part of our iron manufacturing
asnmueflatcintugritnhge
Ernesto ne which important deposits
formations, and the most
were Lancashire and the Forest of Dean. This
class 1 esd been
not rio h were found most in carboniferous
was, from its
pro-
duced A a love ton,g and produced
cost of 2s. or 3s. a,
a:specie s of •"red-shortness,"
and as a
class,
at an early plearrioed,maansde,es, though
remarkable for its red ,
and was in great
A Some of the hematites in
quality in the
the norti%ern districtseTan— •
largely shipped,
while the la? .ga per aent and. werethe
contained, 60
to 65 per sex aips of iron they
rendered them greyat importance.
This ore leeks found
also
kingdom were considered the finest
and th e 3 Isle ofworked only
to a limited. extent, and but
. had b
existed in Scotland,
it also
but NAB not much worked. There was also a
WU' 1 AL• e class of these
ma'n, in Soopreresoetshire, Devon,
ores, the (4 Brown liimmatites"