The Sun.
London, England, 1864-01-14 00:00:00

presenting the Government before you. Do you wish to
now reconstitute parliamentary Government ? (Cries of
No, no.) I really ask myself whether Ido not mistake my
most sacred duty in discussing the question when the Con-
stitution declares that the Ministers are responsible only to
the Emperor. Art, sof the fundamental compact is de-
clared to have fallen into abeyance because it has not been
applied, that is to say, that the responsibility of the Em-
peror is done away with, because the Sovereign, from hav-
ing well directed affairs, has not incurred it. (Approba-
tion.) You see clearly that you return to the parliamentary
regime, that you misrepresent our Constitution, which is
not that Charter in which the King reigns and does not
govern, where the Legislative power was paramount, and
where, with great talent, portfolios were constantly con-
tended for. It is such a political system which during
eighteen years affected the country. Two parties were in
presence; one supported M. Guizot ; who formed an inte-
gral part of the Government ; the other opposed, in
order to take the place occupied by its adversaries.
You, gentlemen, judge with disinterestedness the policy
of the Government, you do not disturb yourselves with the
choice made by the Sovereign. You well know that he would
remove from his counsels any one who was not worthy of
' his confidence; you examine the affairs of the country with-
out partiality for any particular man, and you pronounce

that great and solemn verdict which during the last ten
years has caused the prosperity of France, (Approbation.)
The objection has been attributed to us that parliamentary
Government is English. and not applicable in France, but
what difference does in fact exist between the two nations ?
Establish in France, if you dare, that aristocratic organisa-
tion which forms a powerful oligarchy, dominates over all
the interests of the country, and only allows of the expansion
which goes to India or to China. England is an aristocratic
nation, while in France our two fundamental laws are equa-
lity and democracy. (Approbation.) Since M. Thiers has
returned into this Assembly, to bring the convictions of his
whole life, and to propose to us the Constitution of 1830, I
must be allowed to draw a comparison between the policy of
the Government of July and that of the Emperor. The
former occupied Ancona to quickly withdraw from it, the
latter emancipated Italy. The former had an Embassy at
St. Petersburg, but with none of the privileges of such an
establishment. It met with difficulties in the Eastern ques-

tion, before which it gave way. The Emperor's Govern-
ment made war in the Crimea and conquered Sebastopol.
The Government of July had agitation at home to contend
with, and used every effort to stein the revolutionary cur-
rent which had carried it to power. No useful reform was
during that time effected. The present Government has
courageously made reforms—it has neither hesitated from a
fear of unpopularity nor been led away by obstinate preju-
dices. The country is now reaping the benefits of what has
been done. Let it not be forgotten that there is in those
reforms something more than the commercial question. They
have had the effect of habituating every citizen to a feeling
of his own responsibility. They have removed him out of
that tutelage which made him doubt his own strength, and
prepared him for those political liberties which will be con-
ferred on him when the proper moment arrives. Such
has been the course of the Government : first, civil
liberty, then commercial liberty, which are the beat prepa-
rations for the political liberties you demand,but which the
country is still apt to associate with the memory of the

sterile agitations it so long endured. You now show your-
selves impatient, but we have the right to protest against
that impatience, which could only have the effect of arrest-
ing our progress in the path of reforms. We are justified
in saying, "Be patient, as the country itself is;" for the
country knows that under this beneficent Government, no
good idea, no useful reform, has remained sterile, and that
when the proper time comes, it will enter into possession of
those liberties which you demand for it. (Applause.)

M. JULES FATRE—I wish to—
The PRESIDENT—It is M. 011iViliT'S turn to speak, but I
suppose ho will give way. •
Mr. E, OLLIVIER signified his assent.
M, JULES FAVRE—I ask indulgence of the Chamber for

a few moments. I wish, for your instruction, to draw a
comparison between the two speeches you have heard. If
these two speeches are opposed to each other, and it it is of
interest to know in what way they differ, it is well to re-
mark that they agree on ono point, as to the perfectibility
of the Constitution. The necessity of taking a step in that
direction has been demonstrated in the admirable speech of
M.Thiers, and promised in the eloquent peroration of the
Minister of State. This point of contact beween the two
speeches cannot have escaped you. M. Thiers no more
wishes for a revolution than doestlae Minister of Stato,and,on
this point,the former gentleman's speech has certainly been
misunderstood. (Noise.) Both admit that there is progress

in our institutions, the difference being that the Minister
tells us to expect it from the intelligence and good-will of
the Sovereign, while M, Thiers, at the same time that he

is addressing the Government, turns his eyes to the coun-
try as a last rasort. To be guided in our choice we must
look to the nature of our institutions. I must admit indeed
that the Government has entered in the path of reform, but
there has been something still more liberal than the Govern-
ment, I mean the small group of men who have come to
sit on this bench. (Noise.) They have combated your argu-
ments, they have criticised your acts, they have made head
against your contradictions and murmurs ; and the country,
—that sovereign judge—has bestowed on them its approba-
tion, as the vote of Paris at the last elections was unani-
mous. The Minister of State cannot contest those facts; to
do so, or even to criticise them, would be to question the
supremacy of universal suffrage. Havo we not then a right
to say that by the side of the sovereign power there is an-
other which causes its will to be made known ? And if so,
how admit with the hon. Minister that M. Thiers' criticisms
were ill-founded ? Let me now say a word on the law of

general safety. The Minister of State has said that it wculd
perhaps be rash. to cry out against that law at a moment
when it was wanted. (True, true.) Allow me to say that
the sad occurrence to which I have alluded, and which fills
all honest minds with sentiments of horror and reprobation
—(approbation)—that occurrence, I say, is in itself a con-
demnation of this law; for, if the law could not prevent
such a result, it is useless. (No, no.) I add, for the honour
of our country, that amongst the individuals whose names
have been mentioned, not one is a native of France. (Ap-
plause.) France is patient because she is strong, and it is
not in her bosom that such abominable thoughts can ger-
minate. Respecting the liberty cf the press I shall say
more on another occasion, remarking only that the Minis-
ter of State will find it difficult to reconcile his language in
the senate with that used in this place ; in the Senate he
eulogised the liberty of the press; hero he has called
the press Satanic, and destructive of all government. I
wish also to preserve a neutrality for the present on certain
subjects debated by M. rulers and the Minister, and only
observe that if Governments in France have fallen in suc-
cession, it has been under the weight of their own faults,
and when I heard the Minister of State include in the num-
ber the Government of July, I said to
my
self that ho was
arguing against his own thesis; for it was not by any ex-
aggeration of liberty that the July Government fell, but by
its fearing to confront it. (Much applause.)
A VOICE—And the Republic

M. FAVRE—As to the last words of M. Thiers, I think
they have been misunderstood. They were not a provoca-
tion, but they will remain in th 9 memory of the country, and
produce their effect. (Interruption.) All violence was far
from the thought of the hon. speaker ; what he wished to
signalise is the absolute right Which you proclaim in your
speeches, but which you mutiltte in your acts. Well then
this right will one day be turnQ against yourselves.
The discussion was then adjourned, and the proceedings
terminated.

THE STREET TRAFFIC OF LONDON._Various
expedients have been proposed for relieving the
pressure of the street traffic of the city of London—among
the more important of which are new railways, new police
regulations, and new streets. the difficulty of satisfactorily
solving this problem will be obvious from a mere statement
of the facts of the case. On every business day in Loudon
upwards of 700,000 persons enter the city by its various ap-
proaches, and leave it again in the evening for their homes,
at the West-end, in the suburbs, or in the country. 700,000
persons represent a population equal to the whole inhabt-
tailt6
Oouth Wales, or of the city of Manchester. Drawn
up in a line, two deep, standing close together, theywould
120 miles;
• and ranged six deep,
to march past a spec-
-^^.ooo per-

re'ilittt 12 nu,. .
toheeeyupwyoaunliextatkenetmo
tator at the rate of 110 Pees a minute,
Of the i ..,
sons and upwards entorizg and leaving the city daily (exclu-
sive of those entering the West-end and other parts of Lon-
don); it was ascertained h
-Y the officers of the city police, in
.
the month of kay, in 60
,that --, that an rase of 535,000 proceeded
if drawn. up close in lire w'You2ld4
on foot, and 171,000 in vehicles, a tad of 706,000
persons. The number of vehicles les ascertained at the same
which,
time tocenter the 't city eve
miles, reaching from t occupyhtrs; awlesn Aboutgst9h7o6fs
York and extending more
than 50 miles beyond the London 0 l
which the vehicles follow each other in the streets may be
latter
inferred from the fact that The closeness with
drays, vans,
Wed-
nesday, Nov. 19, 1Q
~,62tbetws ascertained that the total
number passing Bow Church,it was
both directions, was 1,255
—of which 348 were omnibuses, 584 cabs, and 282 carts,
epenacle..o:and 11 a.m. on
The numbers and pr( waggons,
• ns of vehicles passing the same
place between 4 and Jorttoon
the same day were ascertained
and besides 41 trucks and barrows.
as posslibt.tha
Restoring itovalenta Ara' bica
to be as nearly
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