The Sun.
London, England, 1852-08-12 00:00:00

- raril
,;-1 • :.
°.18,687.] LONDON THURSDAY vt7.,
"
15,Zq 4
,` 7
AUGUST 12, 1852,
N

CONTRACTS for SALT BEEF and SALT
PORK.
Department of the Comptroller for Victualling and Transport
Services, Somerset-place, August 11, 1852.

Tha Commissioners for executing the Office of Lord High Admiral
of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, do hereby give
notice, that on THURSDAY, the 7th October next, at One o'clock,
they will be ready to treat with such persons as may be willing to
PIONTRACT for supplying and delivering into her liajecty's Victual-
ling Stores at the undermentioned Ports, the following quantities of

-
BALI MEAT,
of the cure of any country, and all of the cure of the ensuing sea-
son, viz :

Navy

Beef.

Navy

Pork

Tierces

Barrels. 'Tierces. 113p,rrels

Dept`ord -
Portsmouth
Plymouth -
Cork -

No. No. No. No.
2000 3450 100, 700
500 1000 200 400
400 500 100 50,
150 100 100 ICO

Their Lordships reserving to themselves the power, when the
tenders are opened, of contracting either for the whole, or for such
part thereof only, as they may deem fit, or for a greater quan-
tity, or of not contracting for any ; and also an unlimited power
of selection, according to quality.
A. separate Tender must be given for Beef and a separate Tender
for Pork, and every render must specify where the meat is intended
to be cured.
Persons tendering for more than one Port must give a separate
Tender for each Port. and every Tender must contain a separate
price for tierces and a separate price for barrels.
The Beef and Pork to be delivered into the respective stores as
folio as, viz. :—One-third of each by the 31st day of January, another
third by the 15th day of March, and the remainder by the 30th day
of April, 1853, or any greater portion or the whole at any earlier
period if preferred by the party tendering, and to be paid for by
bills payable at sight.
The conditions of the revised contracts, to which particular atten-
tion is called, may be seen at this office, or by applying to the Agent
for the Victualling at Cork, or to the Collectors of her Majesty's Cus-
toms at Bristol, Limerick, Belfast, Waterford, and Newry, or to
the Secretary of the Post:master-General at Dublin, or to the Com-
mander conducting the Packet Service at Liverpool; oreto the Re-
sident Agent for Transports at Leith.
render will be admitted for a less quantity than

300 Tierces,
or for Deptford.
450 Barrels
ICO Tierces, -
Barrelsor for Portsmouth.
150
100 Tierces, 1
or for Plymouth.
150 Barrels
50 Tierces,
or for Cork.
100 Barrels
No tender will be received after One o'clock on the day of treaty,
and the party tendering, or an agent for him duly authorised in
writing, must attend at thiL office on Friday, the Bth October next,
at Two o'clock, to learn the result of his Tender.
Every tender must be addressed to the Secretary of the Ad-
miralty, and bear in the left-hand corner of the envelope the words
" Tender for Salt Meat," and " Comptroller for Victualling," and
must also be delivered at Somerset-place, and be accompanied by a
letter signed by two responsible persons, engaging to become bound
with the person tendering, in a sum equal to 201. per cent. on the
amount of the contract, for the due performance of the same.

THE Commissioners of the Metropolis Turnpike-
roads north of the Thames, will hold a Special Meeting at
their Office, No. 22, Whitehall-place, in the parish Saint Martin-in-
the-Fields, in the City of Westminster, on Famet, the 24th day of
September next, at the hour of One o'clock in the Afternoon, for the
purpose of consulting whether any and which of the several Toll-
gates and Si le-bars now placed on and by the side of the First Dis-
trict of the said Metropolis Turnpike-roads north of the Thames shall
be removed and placed elsewhere, or discontinued ; and whether any
other Toll gates and Side-bars shall be erected on or by the sides
of the roads in the said District, and in what situations the same
shall be placed.

and Secretary.
By or
J.
!erLo. fptAh eNCToEmRm,
Chi
shs iicent, ers,
Clerk
Metropolis Roads Office, Whitehall-place,
July 16, 1852.

FAIR HEAD HARBOUR COMPANY.
Shares of 11. each, paid on Allotment.
NO APPLICATIONS for SHARES can be RECEIVED after
BIONDAY, the 16th instant.

By order of the Board.

28, Cornhill.

ROYAL HOTEL, LOWESTOFT.
The proprietor of this Hotel has much pleasure in informing
his Friends and the Public that during the winter he has provided
extensive suites of bedrooms, in addition to the wing constructed last
summer; this wil prevent a recurrence of those disappointments
which so frequently took place from his inallity to accommodate
his friends in the past year. It is his intention to persevere in that
course which has already given such general satisfaction, .42., to
combine the hest A Ines, Viands, Attendance, and Cleanliness, with
Moderate Charges.
The Fa'ubrity of Lowestoft, the excellent bathing, and beauty of
its neighbJurhood, for ridieg and walking, are too well known to
require comment S. lIOWETT has only, therefore, in conclusion,
to call attent on to the easiness of access and lowness of fares from
the pl ices, a list of which is subjoined, and to express his hope that
he will continue to experience that liberal support with which he
has already been favoured.
Every Saturday, until further notice, Passengers
may
bebooked :_
as
Wednesday
tualdnedr

After- Fares to Lowestoft and back.
From noon
at Ist Class. ?,d Class.l3d Class,
11. M. s. d. s. d. s. d.
London 2 0 20 0 15 0 10 6
Cambridge .....• •• • . ...... 345 12 0 9 0 6 o
St. 1ve5.....
Chatteris 233 14 0 10 0 7 0*
Peterborough
Wisbeach
March 340 12 0 9 0 6 0
Ely 420 9 0 6 9 4 6

* Arriving at Lowestoft at 7 45.
Tickets will be available for the return journey by the trains leav-
ing Lowestoft at 3 P.M. on week days, or any train on Sundays,
within seven days of the date of issue.
In addition to the ordinary established trains, fast Express Trains
will, on and after the Ist of August, leave Lowestoft at !,4 before 7
A London
Station at 5 r. 31., arriving at
IA past 4 P.M., arriving in
oanrraivt
Inog. nALnodn
f!rooimi
hl 0
posegi.totcek
Lowestoft at 25 min. past 9.
are issuedat the
Family Tickets London Station by all trains to
Lowestoft at about the charge of a single fare, available for the re-
turn journey any time within 23 days of issue.

STEAM to ST. HELENA.
The General Screw Steam Shipping Company's Steamer
PROPONTIS, Captain T. W. GLOVER, will sail from London on the
24th, and Plymouth on the 27th instant, for the Cape of Good Hope,
calling at St. Vlncents and at. Helena. This vessel has excellent
accommodation for passengers, and space for a limited quantity of
goods.
Application as to passage money to be made at the Company's
Offices, 2, Royal Exchange-buildings; and for freight, to Messrs.
Balfour, Laming, and Owen, 157,.Fenchurch-street, City.

MERCHANT'S and TRADESMAN'S
MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
5, Chatham-place, Blackfriars, London.
And all the principal towns in the kingdom.
TRUSTEES.

Jeffery Smith. Esq.
David Fergusson, Esq.
Advantages offered by. this Society
Policies Indisputable, except in cases of fraud.
All the Medical Fees paid by the Society.
Assurances of every description effected.
Non.forfelture of Policies.
Assurers unable, or who find it inconvenient to pay their Pre-
miums as they fall due, may have a credit on application to the
Board.
Loans granted on Personal and other Securities in connexion With
Life Assurance.
The Directors being &strolls of extending the Agencies in and
round the Metropolis and throughout the Provinces, are ready to re-
ceive applications from influential and active persons, accompanied
with a reference.

Thomas How, Esq.

GEORGE THOMSON, Manager.
TIIOS. MUSGRAVE. Secretary.

ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF MARRIAGE, AND THE SECRET
INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH AND MATURITY.
WITH FIFTY COLOURED ENGRAVINGS ON STEEL.
1n French, English, German, Dutch, Sprint:4h, and Italian, in a
Sealed Envelope, 2s. 6d., or post-free, for Forty-two Stamps,
SELF•PRESERVATION; an
Analytical Investigation of the Physiology and Functions of
Marriage, in all the bearings in which that imoortant subject affects
the health and happine%9 of Man, with its Disqualifications and Impe-
diments, tracing their origin to the effects of juvenile solitary habits,
youthful excess, tropical climates, or close study ; followed by prac-
tical remarks, founded on twenty years' experience in the treatment
of Impuissance, Nervous Debility, Local Weakness, ~permatorrhcea,
Syphilis, and all diseases of the Urinary and Generative System. Il-
lustrated by 50 coloured Eiwra.ings, on the Anatomy of the Repro-
ductive Organs and their relative conditions in Health and Disease.
By SAMUEL LA'SIERT,
ItEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON,
MatrlculafttehdelLi enmn
abnenr oaf
otshpei
tEra
In ibmv
ee
dir s
ci tayl osfoEcide
member o
D cut
re;
to,
Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, &C., &c.
t Medicine,
Honorary
rdegradation in Man-
The essential object of this itrrenattiisleariltsiesto
apnoidnt
exotcintstshees, fweahrif,uh
consequences resulting from l
have produced more misery in gYouth,
ithologists The treatme ny
nt
other class of disease known to modern p.
most celebrated
experience gained in the
hood, and premature decay at all stages of life, than, perhaps, a
adopted is founded on
under
a
schools of medicine both in this country continentalandreinhernsed eonden Europe.
The results of the knowledge thus acquired
the personal supervision ,f Dr. La'Mert, himself one of the few
this important branch of medical science. legally qualified physicians who have devoted theiriwhol.e annd uP
divided studies toi short,.
every peculiarity relating to the treatment of the diseases incidental
to the generative system, and the means of immediate relief and
ultimate cure are described in detail. The professional reputation
of Dr. La'Mert, who has taken the most distinguished medical
and academic honours at home and abroad, is in itself a sufficient
guarantee that those who may place themselves under his care
will, in every instance, meet with that delicate consideration and
inviolable secrecy which are so requisite in the treatment of these
Cases.

Published by the Author, and may be had of J. Gilbert, 49, Pater-
noster-row ; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street : Starie, Titchborne-street,
Haymarket ; Mann, 23, Cornhill ; or free by pest for forty-two
stamps, from the author, who say be consulted personally!, or by
letter, daily, from Ten till Two, and from Six till Eight.

R. CULVERWELL'S NEW WORKS.
To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho,
47, Fleet-street; Mann, 39, CArnhill ; or direct from the author ;
()rico One Shilling each ; by post, is. fid.
ENJOYMENT OE' LIFE.
"Health, Lecreation, and Rational (Thu of Time."
CONTENII:—EarIy Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings Ex-
c irelors about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, fills,
nrests, Fields, High-roads, and other pleasant places—Country
Trips and Raushles— The Sea—London at Night—Evenings at Dome
M Rest, shEase o ,
ODrccupation, &c. ama—On Eating,e. Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing,
,t

FRAGMENTS FROM TH Vol MOUNTAINS, Two Vols.
. I.

A VISIT TO THE LAKES ; SKETCH OP EDINB
Vol. 11. URGH, &e,
TILE LAKES OF KILL 4.IINEY ; REMII`TISCEIV,-.ES OP
DUBLIN, &C.III.
WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID,
"Tara three score years and ten our course may run.''
A popula review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner
vously-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that haruse:
the young, besets the man of pleasure, business, or !Andy, and ems_
bitters old ago ; with tables and rules for the diet and physical regu,
atlon.of every-day life
TV.

THE PASSIOITS.
"What passions hurt the body—what improve.
Truths as refined as Athens ever heard."
SUBJECT :—Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old ago:, The ad
vent of the passions. Chastity and its infringement,. he casual.
ies oflleentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations graphic, nar.
a
tive. and remediative. Advocacy of early marriages.

V.
THE MARRIAGE STATE.
To be or not to be,
leaoolaststa :—Laws and obligations of nature, s
Time and
glen iegardiug marriage, to be observed by either sex. .
on, and
choice, on both aides, complex].
as to age, temperament, them.
figure, to secure health on • ,-, with the art of rearing .
Eaysical defectiveness y sPrjne'
Sterility and its conversion.
Cases, ez.e. and its removal.
that is the question."neinty,
and
reit.
By B. J. etTLVERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. (1827),
1824) Twenty nv.
. - --
- - Years Medicaland Forensic Referee in these
matters. Reception ho .
„,..,
~,,,, fin.
tin daily till Five4•Eyetimgel ,54' 'A *
:Thai jot Argill-Vittool liezent trot'
-I L.S.A•

NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF THE OLD ENGLISII
GE NTLE MEN.
Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols..
THE BELLE OF THE VILLAGE.
Ey the Author of
"The Old English Gentleman," &c.
Also, just published, in 3 vols.,
THE LOST INHERITANCE. A NOVEL.
"A charming tale. It is extremely interesting as a highly ro-
mantic history of the affections, and an exceedingly brilliant series
of fashionable scenos."—Globe.
Colburn and Co., Publishers, 13, Great' Marlborough-street.

ATIIEN/EUM INSTITUTE for AU I.IIOIIS
and MEN o SCIENCE,
35, s ackville street, London.
Registered pursuant to the 13th and 14th Viet., cap. 115.
Y ICE •PRESIDENTS.
The Most Ilon. the Ma-quis of Bristol, &c.
The Right Hon. the Lord Justice Knight Bruce, &c.
The Right lion. Benjamin Disraeli, M.P., &C.
Lieut.-General Lord Frederick Fitzelarence, G.C.11., &c.
The Right Hon. Viscount Goderich.
Sir George Thomas Staarcon, Bart., D.C.L., F.R S., M.P., &c.
HONORARY DIRECTORS.
The Hon. J. Master Otven ltyng. Henry Povrnall, Esq.
William Conyngham, Fsq. I Win. Scholetield, Esq., M.P.
William Ewa•t, Esq., DI.P. lion. C. Pelham Villiers, M.P.
Charles Kemble, Esq. James Wyld, Esq,
Apsley Pellatt, Esq., M.P.

Thos. J. Arnold, Esq.
Herbert Ingram, Esq.

TRUSTEES.
F. G. P. Nelson, Esq , F.L.S.

AUDITOILII.

Alex. Richmond, Esq,

N. Smalley, Esq.

. -
TREASURER—Sir John Dean Paul, Bart.
MANAGING DIRECTOR —F G. Tomlins, Esq.
SECRETARY—WM. Dalton, Esq
SoasclToa--G. E. Dennes, Esq., F.L.S.
BANKERS—Messrs. Strahan, Paul, and Bates, 217, Strand.
The objects of this Association are, the forming, with the co-ope-
ration of the Legislature and those who honour letters, a Provident
Fund, as well as to the ulterior organization of the followers of Lite-
rature int) a profession.

Full prospectuses to be had at the office, 30, Sackville-street. Lon-
don ; and of the agent, Mr. C. Mitchell, Newspaper Directory Office,
Red Lion-court, Fleet-street. • ' •"• • • -

PATRON—II. R. H. PRINCE ALBERT.
It OfAL i'OLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
LECTURES.
By J. H. Pepper, Esq., on Testing Gold, and on the Australian Gold
Districts ; and also on the Alleged Adulteration of the Burton Bitter
Ale with Strychnine.
By Dr. Bachhoffner on the Patent Polytechnic Gas Fire : and on
the Mode of Preservlty.; Fresh Provisions, illustrated by Specimens
from Messrs. Ritchie and M'Call, and Samples of Fadeuihe'ii and
Moore's Solidified Preserved Milk.

By Mr. Crispe, on Morrall's Patent Needles.
By George Buckland, Esq., on Music, illustrated by patriotic
E.A.of and
Old English Songs, assisted by Miss Blanche Younge,
Music.

New Seri es of Dissolving Views.—Exhibition of the Microscope, Sze.
admission, Is. ; Schools and Children under Ten years of age
,ialf-price. For Hours. see Programme.
Superb Specimens of Patent Silvered Glass.

IMPORTANT MEDICAL AND SURGICAL WORKS,
Just published, by IL Bailliere, 219, Regent-street, London.
No I.

Bve., in cloth, price 55., by post five, ss. CA.
ON TRUE & FALSE SPERMATORRITCEA ;
with the View to the Correction of wide-spread Errors
n relation to the Treatment and Cure of Sufferers from Debility of the
Generative System, or Sexual 'Hypochondriasis.
Translated from he German of Dr. I'ICKFORD.
" Dr. Pickford is known to English readers by his frequent practi-
cal contributions to German medical literature. This is the first
line, he informs us, that he has addressed himself to the
i non-medi-
cal reader. We trust this may not be the last, f he shall
detect any other equally flagrant evil which it may be in his
cower to correct."—London Medical Gazette, May 30, •1851.
—" The editor has conferred a great boon on the sufferers from this
distressing malady by translating this little hook, and by laying bare
the scandalous practices of unqualified adventurers, who profess to
cure a disease of which they know nothing, with no other object
than to fill their own purses. The difference between true Sperma-
torrhcea and the various forms of disease which resemble it are
accurately described, and thus a safe guide is offered for the
treatment of the malady "—Medical Circular, May 5, 1852.
We have delayed so long upon the contents of the preliminary
chapter, that we have scarcely left ourselves space for any notice of
the subject specially treated of by Dr. Pickford ; but the moderate
price at which the ' brochure' is sold, places it within the reach of
every one interested in the matter."—llublut Medical Press, April
28,1852.

THE SINKING OF THE DUCHESS OF
KENT STEAMER.
GRAVESEND, WEDNESDAY.—This afternoon, at one
o'clock, the jury empannelled to investigate the death of
\lr. John Sard, who lost his life by the collision between
the Duchess of Kent, Ramsgate, and the Ravenabourue,
Antwerp, steamers, which took place in the river, off
Northtleet, on the Ist July last, and by which the former
was sunk, re-assembled fur the third time, at the Town-
ball. before Mr. Hiller, the borough coroner, further
to prosecute their inquiry.
An additional batch of witnesses, who were present
when the accident occurred, were examined, but their
hesatbde,:ged
to
say,
evidence contained nothing worthy of being added to the
statements of the casualty which have already appeared.
On the conclusion of evidence,
air, MO, on the part of the friends Of the deceased,
wished, before the coroner addressed the jury, to offer
en observation or two as to the property which it was
stated was found on the body of Mr. Sard. He felt it his
duty to correct that statement. It appeared that
a day or two after the sinking of the Duchess
of Kent, property which had been recovered was
conveyed to the offices of the Commercial Steam
racket Company, in Fish-street-hill, and the pack-
ages were opened to be dried. Now, what struck
him as most extraordinary on the part of the company,
and which showed at least a great deal of supineness, was
the fact that, amongst Mr. Sard 'a luggage was a small
oorttolio containing an order for 501.. which ho (Mr.
Hind) had forwarded to him, and two circular 10/. notes,
h part
rt
th then produced,the
sali
companys
Salisbury-
street, theretr
yi
n.
but the most singular part of the business was that the
company kept the property for 19 days without making
the slightest effort to find out Mr. Sard, although in the
cover of
was legibly written the fallowing, " The address of the
owner of the portfolio, which
street, Streinhtils, London, Eugland." In addition to this
pocket-book—John
there was on the order for 50/. his (Mr. Hind's) address,
slightest idea
not taking any steps
for 19 days to find out the friends
insh 0
,(v7f:it,ii rgtie..Z:;:ttic,T;re:.oll
the This,
of Mr. Saud.
Mr. Parkinson, in defence of the Commercial Steam-
thau. any one was drowned, but, on the contrary, they
firmly believed that all the
packet Company, said they had not the
passengers were saved; they,
therefore, would not feel themselves justified in looking
into any passenger's private pocket-book.
A juror remarked that the company perfectly well
knew what bad happened, and the very fact of a person
not applying for the space of nineteen days for his lug-
gage ought, and no doubt did, create a suspicion in the
minds of the authorities of the company that the owner
was lost.
Mr. Parkinson said the reason they did not make in.
quiries was that they were hopieg every day to get
up
all the luggage. when they intended to advertise it alto!.
gether.
The CORONER expressed his conviction that the mat.
ter was one of immense importance to the public, and
then proceeded to read over the evidence, commentin
as he proceeded on its conflicTing character. The threge
questions the jury had to decide were whether, in the
first place, they considered the collision tv,s from an
accident consequent on the state of the tide, or whether
there was any culpable negligence or blame attaching t')
those who had the charge of the Duchess of Kent,
or of
those who had the command of the Ravensbourne at the
f
time. If they were of opinion that any one was to blame
they were bound to let this matter go before ille
another
tribunal.
The jury, at a quarter-past five o'clock, retired to cOD-
eider their verdict, and after an absence of nearly two
hours, they returned into court.
The Foreman then read the verdict of the jury as fol-
lows;—" That the deceased John Sard came by his
death throueh an accidental collision between the
Duchess of Kent and the Ravensbourne steamers, off'
Northfleet, on the Ist July, 1852." The jut,
J cannot'
separate without expressing their feelings in terms of
strong condemnation, in cons. quence of the neglect of
the owners of the Duchess of Kent not advertising the
property of the said John Sard, in their custody, they
having had the means of ascertaining the same from
papers found in his luggage, which was saved from the
wreck.
-
The professional gentlemen attending for the various
parties having
tendered their ackowledgments to the
coroner for the way in which he had Conducted the in-
vestigation, and for his courtesy and urbanity, the
pro.
ceedings of this protracted and important inquiry ter-
minated,

'clock
Lord Ernest Bruce had an interview with Mbe,
Se-
cretary Walpole yesterday.
THE LAST OF THE ELECTIONR.—The cffieial de-
claration of the poll for Orkney and Zetland took place at
Kirkwall yesterday week. As the election had created con-
soitdpeeroapte
cinotnegrreesgtaitnedthientforownnt there errhee washus
tainn
gism.n2 et nosnee 0
oeputy-Deputy-Sheriff, Mr. Robertson, and was received with loud
Sheriff Ayton made his appearance, accompanied by the
applause. He said—Electors of Orkney and Zetland, it is
my duty to declare the result of the polling on Friday and
Saturday last, and I will now read to you the respective
numbers polled by eacji candidate in the different polling
districts. In Kirkwall, for Mr. Dundas, 71, and for Mr.
Inglis,
85. - (Cheers and hisses.) At Stromness for Mr.
Dundas 96, and for Mr. Inglis 55
(Tremendou 3 cheering)
f(olrroNclirf.
roe iunsgalips, applause)
—at Lerwick, for Mr. Dundas 44, and for Mr. Inglis 34 ;
(Great applause)—at Burranoe, for Mr. Inglis 20, and for
Mr. Dundas 16— (Cheers and hisses)—the gross poll in all
the four places am ,unting to 227 for Mr. Dundas, and 194
aandmlaj
p
ohreirteybyt o
dlleicria rDundas:u r.
Frederick
Dundas to be duly elected and returned as a fit and roper
person to represent the united shires of Orkney and Zetland
in the ensuing Parliament. The assembly was then ad-
dressed by Mr. Dundas and the Lord Advocate, after which
the usual ceremony of chairing took place, the Procession
. 15"44iDg t'illV4/g4 the PXilloipal Stmts of the towns'

S PIRIT of tite PUBLIC JOURNALS. '
TIMES.—The extracts -from the American jour-
nals which we yesterday published, and which were
but samples of an extremely copious assorttnent, will
serve to convince every reader of the success with
which Lord Derby's Ce.binet, if really without serious
intentions, has contrived to mystify the Government
and people of the United States. The organs of
the Ministry at home have authoritatively declared
that, with respect to the north-eastern fisheries, no
new chirn has been advanced and no concession with";
drawn, and that even "the disputed interpretation of
the technical terms of the treaty of 1818 remains
where it wai." If ;Us be indeed the case, we can
only observe that the protectors of the colonial fish&
ries are es difficult to understand as the protectors of
the British farmer, and that the authorities and people
of the Union have baen >ed into very unfortunate mis-
conceptions. Suhstanii%lly
and that, as we have already explained, relates to the
interpretation properly applicable to the term " bay
the Americans professing to understand by this phrase
the narrow creeks and inlets of the coast exclusively, and
the British Government maintaining that large bays,
"disputed poin
t, , i n speaking*
the
convention
f been
but onelBlB,
such as that of Fundy, to :he south, and that of Chß-
leur, to the north of Nev Brunswick, are compre-
hended no less effectually than the smaller coast in-
dentations. This is the point which, as the reader is
now aware, has been "dispized" for more than thirty
years. The British Government never made any sur-
render of its views, though it conceded a certain re-
laxation in respect of the Ray of Fundy ; but the
Americans, although, of confess incompetent to give
imperative effect to their own interpretation have-
practically acted upon it to a considerable extent.
By the announcement that this question " remains
thatwhere
n ni tstwe
pa was"
awe
beencantaken only Understand an assertion
to place the subjects of
either Government on a footiag different from that
prevailing twelve months ago. Of course the dispute
of necessity, "remains where it was;" that is to say,
the terms of the written convention are
unchanged and the respective merits of the
two interpretations unaffected. To say this
is to say nothing at all, and if the Ministerial
intimation contains any meaning whatever,
it must be that no measures have been taken by the
1 British Government to make the " disputed inter-
pretation " more important than it has been for the
1 ,

list seven years. gow on the 6th of last month Mr.
Webster being Secretary of State to the Govern-
ment of the Union, issued an official document from
the Department of State at Washington, for the pur-
pose of communicating to the American public the
new position in which the question of the fisheries
was placed. In this document he stated that an "en-

tire change of policy " had occurred in England
with reference not only to the system of bounties,but
to the admission of American fishermen to grounds
from which, according to stilt treaty engagements,
they ought to be excluded. What fishing-grounds
Mr. Webster here understood is conclusively shown
in the sequel of -his notification. After quoting at
length the operative clauses of the convention of
1818, and explaining the "disputed interpretations"
of the word " bay," he proceeds to ob-
serve that, in 1841, the Legislature of
NOVA Scotia submitted tin case for opinion
to the law officers of the Imperial Go-
vernment, and that their decision was against the
right of the Americans to enter these large bays for
the purposes of fishing, notwithstanding their central
waters might be more than three miles distant from
either shore. "It is this construction," continues
Mr. Webster, " which the colonies have ever since
desired should be enforced ; atd this," he adds, " the
English Government has now, it would appear, con-
sented to do." 'Without prestming to be acquainted
with the true intentions of Ministers at home, we
must remark that nothing tan be clearer than the
light in which such intentions are regarded abroad.
Mr. Webster, in his proper Ministerial capacity,
writing in the name of the Government, from a
Government office, and basing his notification on
" information of an official character received at that
department," communicates to the American public
his anticipations that the "disputed interpretation"
of the treaty provisions, instead of " remaining where
it was," will at length be brought to issue by the
forcible adoption of that construction maintained by
the British Government; that the " extensive business
of the New England fishermen will be completely
interrupted" in consequence, and that all con-
cerned, therefore, should ',stand on their gura.rcda.n
Such is the impression produced on the Amen'
we
Government by its official information, nor
.ca
Pak.
see, indeed, how even on the face of Sir Jon
been formed. The circular letter of the Al-31;Eric
ington's dispatch any different conclusion cou_lnd,ohnaivael
Secretary to the Governors of our North h'inf May„y
dependencies, bearieg date only the 26' .
to
are
last, plainly states that " her Msjesty's
desirous of removing all grounds of complaint
neroach-
part of the colonies in consequence of e
d States
ments of the fishing vessels of the
tinitel
excluded by
upon those waters, from which they are ex"
the terms of the convention of lela, and theysmall
there-
fore intend to dispatch, as soon as possible, a
i_,o
naval force of steamers, or other small vessel', • ,
enforce the observance of such convention.
as
wwe
if these resolutions were intended to apply' 1, of
are now assured, to each provisions
only
andL
on the
the convention as " the United States do
that they were somewhat looselynotrensara
never did dispute," we are constrained to
and
expressed,the
that our colonies have been flattered, and
American people irritated with The
sincerity of purpose or distinctness P
0f - !i in the
" waters" alluded to without any limitationare shut
dispatch of those from which the Americans
meta to
the
out by the convention, d
-0, undoubtedly, iUe
to the
fishing-grounds of the larger bays, according
d ding
rigorous interpretation of the treaty, and notoriouslyin
so according to the views of those colonists,
contention is
satis-
faction of all of whose " complaints" the
ennvcolonists
now to be " enforced." For years pastthAemericans,
have been alleging as a grievance that the
were per-
contrary to the stipulations cf the treat
4. the pur-
pose to enter bags on the British coast .°l".n
, an oifis
pose of fishing, and when the s are assured extremelyin. little
red . . Lail
cial dispatch that all their grinds of
A accordingly
with removed, and a naval force is charge-
Belt for any
with the execution of the last it is diflicuany
other
English or American reader to come t°
American
conclusion than that arrived at
by the
ulation of
Government, and accepted ey the Ple induced
the States. A' the same time
wel
consideration
to remark, that every day's aiditiona
not only that
which the subject receives convinces uS_,7 by the Bri-
ttle construction of the treaty reeintaine
but that the more
tish Government is right in law, are persuaded
intelligent of the American statesmen complaint 5:1
, nsider to
of this fact, however opposed they ma '10°,.0 the bestit in-
the suggestions of local conveeielsee, ;cans renounce
terests of both countries. The America
by
fish on or
by the treaty for ever " any liberty,
toyed or claimed, to take, dry or Cur coasts, bays,
within three marine miles of
ocrotutefilleitsidstgfthionstruction, we trust
creek, or harbours" of the Pritis.n
P Now,
America, not distinctly excepted
of h hpeorse tse°sfs°i roen se in -
a coast—as a
" a bay" as something different
on ug rl
es
s the three miles of
according to the British intepretatiforlon,o
line of sea, in fact, from which _
d ass lsewhere from
British property are to be reckone_eek,
land—the specification of bays,
and uecessary ; but,
in the treaty was very natural the Americans would
according to the version which, t" which considers
fivers,
give, these words become suPlr for all try
cases, " coast" would have provided
t in short can
within a certain distance. r
cases, if nothing was forbiddeehh:t,
ression, "within three
inshore fishery
for the h s rsbi
be the meaning of the
marine miles of a bay," vessel forbidden
certainly not cast
by the British Government "?'
3. sf Bantry Bay could
to come within a marine leagu:
he
st middle of it. We
eexxcliejit
Aat contended for
anchor
,Listar, .n
n i the only official
observe, too, that Mr. We- subject, though he
will not admit that the British
sire
document yet published on.
contracting parties
theeinterpretation is con-
formable to the
nextintentionsto
ircpossible to decide—
does,
sthtaattes"alrtewproeuelldu
—a point obviously
does, nevertheless,
ap-
pear by a strict and rigidll°l"le construction of this article
that fishing-vessels de precluded
Or bsrbours of the British
from entering into the bays of shelter, repairing'
provinces, except for the
wood
all for which we V water." Now this
damages, and obtaining
tea_.
contend' • ith respect to the ad-
ist, an agreement befitting the
vantage to be taken 01
of the two countries may not
that the Governments
find it difficult to
butconae
we subrit to the good sense
characters of bath; ; that in a case where the law,
of the American public . d •
interpre.e , is nevertheless
however invidiously.ut
nn s not \ embitter the dispute
against them, they
sssion" on t ose who are certainly
by charging "aggre- „
A than a ruptness, and whose
guilty of nothing w-rie turn op to have been either
precipitation may
itsseor reconsidered at home.
misconceived abroa-
viam inveniam, aut faciam"
HER kLD.—"Ant
motto in ithe battle of life. "We
was Sydney's gallant
will either find facts, or make them," seems to be the
l
maxim of some our contemporaries, in their desperate
stru le, after that glory, pride, and crown of morn-
ing newspaper, g,
exclusive" information. Indeed
thern is this advantage' in the system, that a state.
went is never 8° certain of being entirely and
it •i unforudetl. The
brilliantly exclusive as When 1 f.

other day the public were startled by an announce-
ment which possessed, in an eminent degree, the
merit in question. A most important treaty, of which
very little, or rather no suspicion whatever was en-
tertained at large, had, it appears, been in existence
for several months. In fact, it had been formally
signed on the 20th of May, 1852, and this not by
plenipotentiaries, but by three powerful Minarchs,
with their own hands—the Emperor of Austria, the
Emperor of Ruesia, and the King of Prussia. The
afftoecetexd.
iffiwacUlt
theabex-
aggerate. gd
eqar quest et sei tt
n. i opno rot fa
Thisng
ce
en
remarkable
li
cphea i ct e
wo or uld
i)generale
d
matter and purport of this convention concerned the
most vital interests of Europe, came very home to
the future tranquillity of the world, and altogether
convention corresponded
in the dignity and solemnity of its form with the
magnitude of the questions which it undertook pro-
spectively to settle. It opened with an invocation of
" the name of the Most Holy and Undivided Trinity,
like the treaty of the 26th of September,
1815." A careful and minute digest of the engage-
ments to which the three Northern Powers are
affirmed to have bound themselves on the present
occasion, is furnished to the public by our vigilant
contemporary. Now, in spite of the detailed and
categorical manner in which this announcement has
been made, we are obliged to say that it deserves no
more credit than it has in most quarters received.
Wherever the writer borrowed his facts, he seems to
have taken a hint in the effective art of circumstan-
tiality from an admirable scene in the School for
Scandal. Let us, however, examine for a moment the
provisions
of this new and important convention. It
refers to the assumed intention of Louis Napoleon to
untrymen so will it the imperial office
revive, if his co ins le ' f h ' -
And now, m net, ere is the gist of the
in France.
determinations which.eourtecdebnyemtbpeorary aversr to have
been thus solemnly d
- Louisap Napoleonthree ovver.s :-
1. Should Prince be proclaimed
merely for himself, without a view to
Emperor,
transmission
of
his power, the three powers will
the .terfere but when they shall have un-
not actively in.t
is but a temporary throne which he
derstood that it
will suffer him to sit there in
has ascended, they
for this policy is that such
alleged
peace. The reasonllbe
but a change of title, and not a
a change w 1
wer in Prince Louis Napoleon. Here we
change of plo
observe that the:reason attributed,bears
would merde
yertainly futility on the face of it. Such
fallacy an
cid have bad little weight with the three
a reason
"uuestion. If an increase of the authority of
powers
in cl.s Napoleon in France must at once in-
Prince
Louis
on the part of those foreign
duce open open,
they could scarcely have failed to act on
vernraents
principle when the events of the 2d of
this imperativeccurredgh
change authorityn
hiswhich hpositi e then ac-
December o
d the
great i
quire& an h not in his title), met with no resist-
power an
ance. Bat, secondly, should Prince Louis Napoleon
proclaimed eror, not merely so as that the
be
should Edeermine" at his death, but with
empire 1
and with a revival of the institu-
dynastic of Y,
f the empire in France, then the three
lion itself
.11
openly disavow that act of the French
powers vitt
ill reserve to themselves the right of ul-
people, and w s
in
concert. Now, if the reason al-
terior measures 1°
with the three powers in the
leged as eveign " eventuality," be evidently un-
first alternative, or
real, the reasons ascribed to them for their proposed
policy in this second contingency are absolutely far-
last twoand-art
cical. The events
of the
enti
first-m
" treaty," permit us oned- article of this very
combined with the
no
other word. The reasons in
question are two. The first is derived from the
treaties of 1815 and from the renunciation made
by Napoleon of the throne of France, for himself and
or . the ies
all his representatives f
uite ever B oth tre any,
and (the former
and the renunciation q
the latter in an addi-
save the Bourbons,
tional manner, any mem er b of the
Bonaparte
particular)from ever wearing :the
family in And yet this new " treaty ' binds
French crown.
the three powers be to recognise Louis Napoleon
as Emperor in case
be so proclaimed merely for
once insists on Napoleon's
life. Thus, this treaty at
renunciation as a bar which forbids any Bonaparte
from wearing the French crown; and the same
treaty provides that a Bonaparte shall, nevertheless,
be allowed to wear it, and thus not only to nullify the
renunciation, hut, by a mighty precedent, to make it
far easier for those who come after him to treat it also
as null. If the rule is not binding now, will it be-
' come more binding after it has been broken ? The
second of the two reasons is, - the sacredness of the
hereditary principle. The point is thus urged:—
" The basis of the European order is hereditary right.
By hereditary right the Bourbons are kings of
France. The present head of the house of Bourbon
is the Count de Chambord." Was ever ar-
gument so felicitously timed, so gracefully
remembered ? " Present heed." It bcems he
is now the head of that. house ; and we presume
he was not its head while the Orleanist dynasty
reigned. The three powers, we are to believe, quite
overlooked this fact while they had Louis Philippe's
envoys recognised at their Courts; and it was only
as soon as Louis Philippe had faded like a dissolving
view into the " Mr. Smith" who fled to our shores in
1848, that they suddenly recollected that he was not
the rightful head of the Bourbons. But even then,
when a Republic, ignoring all hereditary right,
whether of emperor or king, whether in elder branch
or in younger, threatened the real tranquillity of
Europe, we heard of no such treaty in favour of the
Count de Chambord. The recognition of Louis
Philippe and the recognition of the French Re-
public werei both departures quite as violent from
the rule of forcing the principle of hereditary
right upon other countries, as will be the recog-
nition of Louis Napoleon's life-empire from the
rule of holding the "renunciation" of the late
Emperor to be in every possible event an insuper-
able bar against the instalment of a Bonaparte on
the throne. For our parts, we believe that while he•
reditary right is a happy principle for a people to
adopt, there are also other principles absolutely neces-
sary to the peace of the world and to the tranquil
advancement of civilization—principles which, if our
fathers had adopted, we, their descendants, should
not now have to say, as we can say with truth,
" Oceans of blood and countless treasure have been
expended, fearful evils have been suffered and in-
flicted, and the end of all is not attained; the priceless
cost has been paid, but the purchase has not been
secured." To say that a principle is valuable is one
thing ; it is quite another thing to say that we ought
to force every valuable principle on reluctant neigh-
bours at the point of the sword. For us, there are no
parties in France; there is but France herself. And
he who makes her prosperous, and who soonest and
best secures her tranquillity, deserves well of his
country and of mankind.
CHRONICLE.—Having examined the various
taxes which are imposed on landed property, we must
not forget that, in almost all other countries, the
" untaxed foreigner," employed in the production of
corn and cattle, pays much larger contributions to
the revenue of the State than are exacted of the
English landowner. The French Land-tax alone
far exceeds in amount all the imposts which can in
any way be represented as exclusive burdens on the
soil of England. The proportion of revenue which
is levied from real property is necessarily greater in
countries less advanced than our own in civilization
and commerce. Where imports are scanty and
manufactures non-existing, the land necessarily bears
the charges of national administration and defence.
Mr. Disraeli will hardly be so ill-advised as to
rest his case on a comparison which Mr. Cobden and
his friends have ao often threatened to institute.
The whole inquiry is, in truth, irrelevant except
for purposes of controversial hostility. It is for
English financiers to adjust taxation to the circum•
stances of their own country, without regard to the
political or economical considerations which may
influence foreign Governments. They may be well
assured that no existing or probable burden on land
will affect in any degree the cost of domestic produc-
tion. Even if it were true that real property is
more heavily taxed in:England than:on the Continent,
it would by no means follow that the landowner is
entitled to compensation or relief, nor, on the other
hand, would the far heavier burdens imposed on his
foreign competitor afford an answer to a well-founded
complaint on his part of any substantial grievance.
His advocates are hard pushed for a pretence of
injustice, but when they can bring forward any plau-
sible claim they will, no doubt, be entitled to a hear-
ing., They will, however, act prudently es rega.7
the interest of their clients, in abstaining from a reCybe
ductiors of two of their habitual common-pieces
beet-root and the tobacco grievances. It bas nro-
b
said that the English farmer is prohibited fNin
of sugar
ducing that thin and tasteless invitation hes un
which, in many parts of the continent,efi restsd ction is
der protective duties. But the supoo:_
- e the same duty
altogether imaginary. Oa payment
imported from the
which is levied on genuine sugart
liberty to produce
colonies, English industry isa,B.9 may. be considered
beet-root sugar as dear and bc 4
connected with the
desirable. The only, grieve:. absence
of protection for
beet-root question- is
nu facture. facture. The prohibition
an inferior article of mais really enforced, by a law
of home-grown tobac.aatwo
.centuries old. But it
which is now neareleYet a revenue of 4,000,000/. is
must be recollected f 1,117
less than 1,200 per cent. on
raised by a tax 0 and if aca
ntemiling fix"
all imported tobacco;

cise duty were imposed on the home-grown plant,
not a leaf would ever be produced in England. The
absolute prohibition is, in fact, cheaper and more
effectual than would he the imposition of an equiva-
lent duty ; and the wildest Protectionist will hardly
advocate the encouragement of native produce by the
maintenance of the existing impost on the foreign ar-
ticle alone. The loss of the whole or the greater
part of the tobacco duties would be a heavy price to
pay for fostering a branch of cultivation which is na-
turally unsuited to our soil and climate. The fact
that the present Chancellor of the Exchequer has
adopted the beet-root and tobacco cries forms a strik-
ing illustration of the feebleness of the cause fir
which be deems such arguments available.
The most plausible demand put forward on behalf
of the landed interest concerns the large revenue
derived from ties Excise duty on malt ; yet it is
remarkable that the landowners themselves have
never been unanimous in the wish to deprive the
State of one of its most valuable resources. A duty
which produces upwards of 5,000,0001. annually
cannot easily be replaced by any impost which will
not occasion serious discontent. Nor are either the
farmers or the landlords ignorant that the malt-tax
really falls on the consumer ; while the barley grower
only suffers from the limitation of his market, occa-
sioned by the artificial increase in the price of malt.
i‘ r. Jonas, indeed, stated before the Committee of the
lHouse of Lords that the Malt-tax, by enhancing the
cost of the beer consumed by his labourers, increased
his expenses 6d. an acre. But this, as Lord Mont-
eagle truly observes in his reort " cannot be called
a special burden on real property,' unless it be con-
tended that the London
in the docks is not a s
coalheaver and worker..
much a consumer
porter as the agricultural lab. of ale."
An acute man of business, even though he be
a Protectionist farmer, generally comprehends
economical questions bear on his private
transactions. Mr. Jonas evidentlyi understands that
his interest in the Malt-tax
is that of a consumer, and
not of a producer ; and itis from a similar perception
of the true bearing of the question that the party who
advocate the system of raising
duties have never
addedser
seriously
revenue by indirect
attacked the Malt-tax,
although they haveimpost to their list of
grievances peculiar to the land The real opponents
of the malt duty, and of taxesodncommodities in
rent quarter.
Budget
duties
general, must be looked for in a iffe
Mr. Disraeli, in his successful speech,
levieddrew
a fanciful distinction between Customs
on foreign productions, and Excise revenue which forms
a burden on native industry. Sounder economists
watch both classes of taxes with equal interest in the
hope of reducing the burden on consumers without
dangerously tampering with the finances of the State.
The Malt-tax will, like the rest, be entitled to conside-
ration in its turn, as an impost which may probably be
found to be of an elastic nature. Tee, wine, and tobacco
may, no doubt, be rendered cheaper without eventual
loss to the Exchequer ; and there is no reason why
the duty of 21s. Bd. per quarter on malt should for
ever form the fiscal addition to the price of so useful
a commodity as beer. But it is for the benefit of
labourers and coalheavers, and not in the problema-
tical hope of adding to the rent of gravelly soils, that
the question must be practically considered. In the
meantime, if barley-growers think, as they justly
may, that they are not remotely interested in the
cheapness of beer, they may profitably direct their
energies to the reduction of a heavier impost than
that which the Exciseman levies on malt.
We have repeatedly called attention to the un-
scrupulous exactions of the brewers who mono-
polise the beer trade of London. In the days
of protective duties, and even in seasons of
actual scarcity, the retail price of porter was 4d.
per pot, and it was understood that the partners
in the great brewing firms were in the enjoyment of
at least reasonable profits on their capital. The price
of barley has of late years sunk one-half, the cost of
hops has been materially reduced, wages and all other
collateral expenses have been diminished—but the
working man still pays 4d. per pot for his porter. It
is evident that there is something wrong in the law
which renders such a monopoly possible. What that
wrong is, and how it is to be remedied, may be a
question not easily solved ; but it is one which the
grower of the main staple of the beer manufacture,
is, beyond all others, interested in answering. The
root of the difficulty may be indicated in the
simple remark that in the case of, beer, as in that
of other fermented liquors, the principle of Free-
trade has not fair play. For purposes, not
of revenue nor of Protection, but of police and
public morality, the sale of intoxicating liquors
is regulated and restricted. The field is not perfectly
open, and the natural results of a partial monopoly
follow from a limited competition, which renders
combination practicable. Until an attempt shall have
been made to remedy the evil, it is not necessary to
admit that there is any inseparable connexion between
a judicious regulation of public-houses and the ac-
quisition of exorbitant profits by the brewer. To
this point the Chancellor of the Exchequer may, per-
haps, direct his attention with advantage. If it be
his noble ambition to realise the vision of Jack Cade,
by giving the consumer ten hoops to his three-hooped
pot, let him do so without ruining the revenue by
the repeal of the Malt tax. The community is con-
cerned in the maintenance of the public credit; but it
has no interest in the enormous dividends which are
derived by private firms from thfe a
nsalaer,tiealte atheprmicae
fixed in the days of Protection,
have
made
nufacture of which legislative changes
comparatively cheap.
The consumers, and, to a certain extent, the pro-
ducers, of beer, are taxed in at least tahnrdeethwealy.es—viz.,
duotyvv,e
that
mono
ioenosinlg
through the malt duty, the hop
system, to which the brewers
Of the malt-taxpannyd
which they so grossly abuse.
of the brewers' profits we have already spoyen, and
we will not at present discuss the protection which
is afforded to malt against the competition of sugar
and molasses. The hop duty necessarily augments
the price of malt liquors to the purchaser, but it may
be doubted whether it affects the value of land, even
in the districts of Kent, Sussex, and Herefordshire,
where hops are ordinarily grown. One half of the
duty is paid after credit has been given for six months,
and the remainder at the expiration of a year from
the gathering of the crop—an anomalous regulation,
by which, in effect, the State advances a portion of
the capital engaged in the most speculative of all
agricultural undertakings. The loss of this undue
and questionable advantage would probably be the
principal result of a repeal of the duty, so far as the
owners and occupiers of hop grounds are concerned. The
Customs duty on foreign bops would, of course, he re-
moved at the same time; and it is doubtful whether a f ree
competition with Belgium and Germany would allow
the English producer to extend his cultivation. The
whole area of soil at present devoted to the production
of hops is about 50,000 acres. The repeal of the tax
has not been regarded with much favour by the land-
owners since Mr. Cobden has spoken and voted
in favour of its abolition. It i, a curious illustration
of the levity with which popular doctrines are
sometimes repeated, that some professed supporters
of free trade have not hesitated to propose that the
Customs duty on hops
the removal of th should
be retained, notwith-
standinge impost levied by the
Ex-
cise on domestic produce. It would be difficult sc
the most industrious
collector of grievances to dis-
cover any special burden on land in addition toehose
which we have already discussed.
however, to which we have so often referred, reirt:,.„nli.
The draft Reel;
us that the mode of assessing the Inooniettal onr.uee
piers of land has given rise to abundantlF farmers
might have been thought to COM..
of
were,all classes, the least t
:
ealised for aricul-
itti
that .
plain of direct taxation. Horses duty,
while the
rural purposes are exempt fro
carrier Psi assessed
butcher, the baker, and
atbe uire in their respective
taxes on those which' they r.eB;aso levied in a manner
trades. The Propertytar:lie:3r
than to any other per-
more favourable to theet. All tenants of less than
son engaged
yentallar:exeniPt from the impost, unless
3001. a year
r
sources of income. An enormous
they possess all
ihtehe
occupiers in the kingdom are tbus
majority of aloe interference of the tax-collector,
relieved fr
Whole class avoids that vexatious inquisition
whiles he iv
ats bleb causes so much discontent among
into P°— !vs and tradesmen. lreland, again, the
menu seat
tof agricultural • grievances, is altogether
gramat sea
from the Income-tax.
t Tenant-farmers have
little reason to demand a revision of the mode of as-
sessment, for its results would probably be anything
valuation but satisfactory to them. The arbitrary-
of
the farmer's profits at one-half of his rental
must, en
an average, be highly favourable to his interests. No
resident in the country can believe that
a tenant of 3001.
a year ordinarily spends so small an income as 150/.
It is true that a still more disadvantageous result
might appear on the face of the
occupier's hooks, for
farmers have liberal notions on certain subjects. In
some districts the mistress of the establishmentclaims
the poultry for pin money, without acknowledging
any liability to account for the grain which they
con-
sume ; and in the same manner the farmer,
before he
begins to calculate his profits, •
assumes that himself,
his family, and his horses are provided with shelter
and with food. The annuitant in lodgings may pay
as much out of pocket as his substantial neighbour
at the farm, whose plentif 1 h uhousekeeping he envies.
Yet, when the one pays 4L 103: to the State out of his
annual 1501., while the other, at a rent of 290/1