The Sun.
London, England, 1852-09-09 00:00:00

Animals ;" by Dr. Hodges, " On the Phosphadic
Nodules of the Green Sand of the North of Ireland ;"
by Dr. Penny, " On the Estimation of lodine ;" by
ProLssor Tennant, " On the Koh-i-noor Diamond.''
SAMUEL BITEBON, Esq., read a very interesting
memoir on Glynn and Appel's patent papar for the
prvention of piracy and forgery by the anastatic pro-
cess. Mr. Bateson entered at length into a descrip-
tion of the process of transferring printed engravings,
drawings, extracts, &c., by the process usually named
the anastatic, which was introduced by Rudolph
Appel of Silesia, about eight years ago. The facility
with' which copies of bank notes can be made by this
lioness, and the difficulty of detecting the forgery,
.vas an objection to the general use of it, which every
honest man could not but consider as almost insur-
mountable. The: remedy suggested by Mr. Bateson
is one very likely to answer the purpose intended,
and, from its simplicity and apparent effectiveness,
must direct more attention to this novel and important
tubject than it has hitherto met with at the hands of
men of science. He recommended the use of a peca-
liar paper, on which the acids essential to the anastatic
process take such an effect that bank notes or any-
thing similar cannot be copied with any degree of
a•scuracy or perfection. At the conclusion of the
discussion to which this paper gave rise, Professor
Graham, who preskled during the day, announced
that the present meeting of the chemical section was
concluded.

SUCTION C.-.-GEOLCGT.
A report we.l made on Crag Formations and Copro
ides, In a letter from Mr. Long ; and papers were
teed by Mr. Smith, of Jordan Hill, " On the condi-
'orls under which Boulders occur in Scotland ;" by
14. r. Bryce, " On the disposition of Granite Blocks in
Argyllshire ;" by Professor Nicoll, "On the occur-
rence of Glacier Morains in Arran ;" by Major
Vicary, of Wexford, " On the Geology of a portion of
.he Himalaya Mountains," communicated by Sir R.
I. Murchison ; by Mr. H. Twining, " On some pecu-
liarities of the Granite in certain parts of the Pyre-
nees ;" by Mr. Hennessey, " On some points in Geo-
logical Theory ;" and by Dr. Stanger, "On certain
Furrows and Smoothings on the surface of Granite,
caused by drift sand, at the Cape of Good Hope." Mr.
Smith, of Jordan Hill, exhibited a fossil fish from
Carinke, Lanarkshire.

SECTION D,-ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, INCLUDING
PHYSIOLOGY.

Papers were read by Professor E. Forbes, "On a
new Map of the Geographical Distribution of Marine
Life, and on the Homoiozic Belts ;" by the Prince of
Canino, " On recent Additions to the Order of Birds
and on their Classification ;" by Professor Owen, a
"Demonstration of his views on the Cranial Verte-
bra" by Dr. Gladstone, "On the Influence of
Light on Plants ;" by Dr. Martin Barry, On a
singular Locality selected for Nest-building, by the
Black Redstart ;" by Professor Hincks, " On an
.An.o-
rnaly of Trifolium repent ;" by Professor Pickle,
"On a Monstrosity of Belli perennis ;" by
Munro, "On the Transmutation of tEgilops into
Triticum ;" by R. Ogilby, Esq., "On the Relation
between the Organic Structure of Quadrupeds, and
their Habits, Economy, and Intellects ; by Professor
Balfour, " Remarks on the Flora of the South and
West of Ireland ;" by Professor W.Wharton Jones,
" On the force by which the Circulation of the Blood
is carried on ;" by Dr. Fowler, " On the question,
what is the State of Mind and Vitality during perfect
Sleep, and the Sleep in which we dream ;" by Dr.
John Barker, " On the part played by the Cavernous
Sinus on the Circulation in the Brain."

SECTION E.—GEOGRAPHY AND ETHNOLOGY.
The Rev. Dr. HUMS read a curious and entertain-
ing paper, entitled "Some Account of the Origin,
Characteristics, and Dialect of the People in the
Counties of Down and Antrim." The district, he
observed, of which Belfast is the natural centre, is
one which has exercised a most important influence on
the destinies of the human race in these islands. In
own the patron saint made his first convert, and there
his ashes repose; in Antrim the real Ossianic poems are
supposed to have existed. In Down was the ancient
Uhdia, from which the extended name Ulster is
derived; in Antrim was the ancient Dalradia' the
name of which was applied to a large portion of modern
Scotland. Ireland was originally known as Scotia,
or Scotia Major ; and, when the name was superseded
at home, it was retained by our enterprising colonists
to Argyle and Lorn, and afterwards extended to all
North Britain, after the conquest by Kenneth in the
ninth century. The line of kings descended from
Fergus, the son of Ere, not only mingled his blood
with Saxon monarchs of England, but was afterwards
transferred to England ; so that Queen Victoria traces
an authentic descent from the petty chieftains of this
neighbourhood in the fifth century. More than a
thousand years afterwards the debt of colonisation
Was repaid, at the time of the plantation of Ulster.
The Anglo Saxon population had been so long sepa-
rated into two branches, the English and Scotch,
differing in country, laws, religion, manners, preju-
dice, &c., that they must be regarded as two peoples,
and not one. If to these we add the remnant of the
native Irish, there are three distinct elements, from
the composition of which, in different quantities
and localities, the inhabitants of the two countries
are derived. Their localities are the following :
the Irish in the hilly districts, as in the glynnes of
Antrim, and the Irish-speaking population in the
neighbourhood of Cushendall. There are a few in
almost every parish, and several in the great towns.
In Down, few occur north of Downpatrick, and
Ballynahinch ; they then converge to the mountains
of Mourne, by the parish of Loughinisland. In the
past meration Irish was frequently spoken in the
markets of Downpatrick, Castlewellan, Dromara, and
and Ballvnahinch ; now it is rarely, iever, used as a
separate mode of communication. In the districts of
the Celts they preserve their traditional antipathies,
though they assimilate in language; and the terms
."Irish" and "English" are used correctly by neigh-
bours, in reference to their ancestral origin. The
Scottish immigration followed two natural routes—
by the Mull of Cantyre to the county Antrim, near
the Causeway ; and by the Mull of Galloway to the
county Down, by Donaghadee. From the earliest
t2Lniae, coracle, skiff, and coaster must have passed in
r3Way, and the two district streams ran right
across the counties. In Down, the Scotch current
is traceable in Combar, Saintfield, Killileagh, and An-
nahilt, nearly to Hillsborough ' - also by Castlereagh
and Pur d y sebeurne
t o near Belfast. In the county of
course Antrim the is by Ballymoney and Bally-
mena, up to the town of Antrim, and over the back
of Devia and thve-laill The English settlers
occupied mainly the low. countries, such as the
basins of the
Lough Neagh. andßelfast Bann and the banks of
town, but its external incrweas originallyb an English
aseLisabs been mainly from
practicalrne
the two Scottish districts.
Welsh colony ; it is now was a small
toZnari English town.
Alands the popu-
In one barony of Antrim of 128
lation is all of English origin ; and
refuse to
At various
ghalee, Ballin-
derry, &c., look like parts of England.
.
andquarters in
points the various races. meet, but
mingle.
There are English, Irish, and Scotch
several towns, such as Downpatrick Carrickfer-
gus,near Lisburn, separates the
and the Lagan,two
races. In one-half of the parish of Hillsborough the
people are all Scotch, in the other they are ail Lag- .
lish. A hill near Castlewellan separates the two
races, and the island of Itathlin has its two promo,.
tories occupied, one by the Irish, the other by the
English and Scotch. The religion, habits, customs,
&c., may all be deduced from this distribution. In
religion, for instance, the rule is that the English
are Episcopalians ; the Scotch, Presbyterians; and
the Irish, Roman Catholics. The lines of Scottish
_
population may be marked on the map by
a double chain of Presbyterian meeting-houses,
while in the English districts they are rare or un-
known. About half of all the congregations in
Ireland are situated in these two countries, or con-
nected with presbyteries that centralize in them•
More than one-half of these ere in rural districts, un-
connected with villages, and called by the name of
townlands ; showing that the Scotch were in general
agriculturists, and less settled in towns than the
,_. English. In the English districts the church-and-
king feel- .
_____
.lebsg is strong, but, from the magnitude of
the
e al
arpl:ilts andth the distance of churches from parti-
be to their' r P. are less attentive than they should
the Roman -egieus duties. In the Irish districts
twatoholic congregations are large, and
those of them,
habits
of the Protestant Chiirch
creedal
coheir
of the people, as well as their
cr, indicate
there is more comeorotringin* In the English districts
oiadstidiness than we find else-
where ; for the man
though hecottish ancestry does not
enjoy life so well,
Thd Scotchman is often _ 'nay be actually richer.
hlorer intelligent than his
English neighbour, but
arelcels him in
weight of character. In the
Portadown,marketsthe
eof Lurgan,
Lisburn, Moire, and
is known from the Antrim „e,
rather the
Down farmer
Scotchman from the Englishman, b or
y his hardness
in driving a bargain. The old English 3
pastimes were kept up till recently at Larobeg,l?rts and
of hirian e
ii
tl
i.the(l
Maypole is still known in Holywood, and .
Piz?leads us to believe that certain mystery
been performed in the district. The custom
servants at stated fairs is followed in Antrim, „❑.11.1.
the case in many other towns and places of England
;1
and while those who attend for the purpose at Car..
lisle carry a straw in the mouth, those at Antrim \
carry a little white rod in the hand. The settlers on
the
Marquis of Hertford's estate were in general 1
natives of the shires the Bristol Channel, i
adjoining
and as their ancestral apple district of
district i 3 the
England, so the bene is the
apple district of arony of Upper Massar
Ireland. After the lapse of 200
.
years, the ancient custom f it were of
yesterday. The supersticis preserved as i
Hallo-
weep are still practised, and
of May-eve and
i
in Burns's poem is negleted,
inecti not one of the ceremonies
unknown. The names gof ed, though their origin is
alsolighly illustrative of t3/2eteranns and of places are
A number of examples of r_pe,ople. Having given
44-IBq Hawes, Dr. Hume