The Sun.
London, England, 1852-12-25 00:00:00

peal the law of settlement, to the baleful opera- I THE IN
tion and demoralising influence whereof his
miserable fate may be attributed.

Happy MILLARD FILLMORE! Who can proclaim
in a most important State document, read in every
Court in the civilised world, in every commercial
counting- house, and by almost every fireside
which *ally paper reaches,—can yet proclaim his
old Protection dogmas, no one gainsaying. Pro-
tection having been repudiated, and Free Trade
adopted by the largest Presidential majority ever
known, MILLARD FILLMORE, the last of the
Whigs, can still fold himself in his cloak—made of
cloth which had paid its protective duty—and de-
liver his "Message" on the glorious advantages
of its enhanced price. He could lament that the
gold of California, which no man could eat, think,
or wear, left America to purchase, in France or in
England, things which would feed or clothe his bro-
ther Yankees. He deplored that manufacturers, at-
tempting to make in America, things which we
can better make in England, lost their capital;
and that the farmer even lost his market,
because his corn went to England to
get him a cheaper great coat, than his native ma-
nufacturers could furnish him, though protected
by a heavy duty ! Specially is he aggrieved that
we, having silenced the American iron manufac-
tories, are now raising the price of our iron, seem-
ingly in blissful unconsciousness of the fact that
we at home have to pay more for it as well as he.
Oh, how happy would Mr. BALL be to be able,
without retort or• derisive cheers, to be free to
point out to a nicety the exact modus of Protec-
tion required ;—" so much as not to exclude the
foreign article, but to enable the domestic manu-
facturer to compete with the foreigner, and by
this competition to reduce the price to the con-
sumer to the lowest rate at which it could be pro-
duced ! This policy would place the mechanic
by the side of the farmer, create a mutual inter-
change of their respective commodities, and thus
stimulate the industry of the whole country, and
render us independent of foreign nations, for the
supplies required by the habits or necessities of
the people." So, then, Mr. MILLARD FILLMORE
wishes to bless his country with the double boon of
an extinguished commerce, and high prices at
home. How foreign commerce is to be
maintained and extended if he wants not the
things which foreigners make, and how prices are
to be reduced to the lowest cost at which an article
can be produced, wheri he taxes the foreigner for
producing it at a low cost, must, we should
think, be inconceivable to the humblest capacity.
His own statement shows a very respectable com-
merce for the go-a-head Republic. Imports to the
amount of 207 millions of dollars, in round num-
bers ; exports, including 45 million dollars in
specie (of course domestic i. e. Californian produce),
of about the same amount. Would he destroy
this splendid trade ? But he cannot, happily for
his country, though unhappily for his theory,
make America independent of foreigners. The
protection duties themselves have overfilled his
treasury by three or four millions of pounds,
proving plainly two things, that the duties now
levied cannot keep out the foreigner or save the
American manufacturer; and again, that they
must be lowered, since the people will not go on
paying needless taxes, when of course the dreaded
foreigner will be yet more powerful. Another part
of his Message points out, however, what mu6t be
the chief source of American wealth for generations
to come ; upwards of 13 millions of acres of land
have, in one form or another, been disposed of by
the Land-office during the year ! An excess of
five hundred thousand acres upon last year's
sales ! Breadstuffs must be America's grand mer-
cantile produce, and her acute farmers and millers
will never tolerate being forbidden to exchange
their corn and flour for the manufactures of Bir•
minghain, Sheffield, and the West Riding of York-
shire.

For the rest of the Message, there is little to
complain of. Peru's claims to the Lobos Islands,
and her fair conduct towards the buccaneering
ships which went thither, are handsomely acknow-
ledged. Aggressions upon Cuba are repudiated,
and annexation is shown to be disadvantageous to
the Union ; this last argument, combined with un-
willingness to join England and France in guaran-
teeing its possession to Spain, seems like being in-
fluenced rather by selfish considerations than by
regard to the rights of nations and any sense of in-
ternational honour. The Japan expedition is pro-
nounced to be only peaceful in its objects. We, how-
ever, have no right to carp at the doings of any other
nation in the world. In the war department he
appears desirous to improve and strengthen the
army ; manning the navy seems to be, quite as
difficult there as here. One hindrance is specially
noticed, that since confinement for insubordination
has been substituted for flogging, the increased
work thrown on the remaining ships' hands has
made the service unpopular. The Message con-
cludes with warning the Republicans against pro-
pagandism. lie denies the fitness of most Euro-
pean nations for freedom, and attributes their own
capacity for Republican Government to long train-
ing under municipal institutions. If this were in-
tended for a fling at the zeal on behalf of Kos-
sum, he should have remembered that Hungary
had enjoyed the training of such institutions ages
before the United States became a republic ; and
that they have been trodden under foot for cen-
turies, by far worse tyrants than the STUARTS,
and very much more obstinate and implacable
monarchs than GEORGE 111. Mr. FILLMO-tE is,
however, the retiring man, and we are happy to.
wish him and the Protectionist policy in America
a long and a good-tempered farewell.

DIPLOMATIC INTELLIGENCE.—RiS Excellency Lord and
Lady Cowley were to return yesterday to the Legation
from a visit to the Emperor at the Chateau of Compiegne.
We hear, that under the new Imperial Regime, strict State
iao
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etiquette will be observed with regard to the presentations
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previously received at the Court of their own SON
CHRISTMAS DAY.—This being Christmas day, it was
observed as a strict holiday at all the Government and
other public offices, and business was entirely suspended, ac-
cording to the annual custom on the celebration of this
great festival. The only exception made to this general
rale is in the case of the Post-office, where the ordinary
routine of business for the delivery of letters by the morn-
ing mails, and the dispatch of letters from London in the
evening ill take place, but no letters will be delivered in
the London district after the hour of noon. With the ex-
ception of Good Friday and the Queen's birthday, this is
the only holiday observed at the Customs, in consequence
of the necessary entire stoppage to the import and mercan-
tile trade of the country which is thereby occasioned. Ar-
rangements are, however, made, with the sanction of the
authorities, for a requisite number of officers of the re-
venue to be in attendance at ;the steam-packet wharfs, in
the case of the arrival of steamers with passengers from the
continent, in order to dispatch them to their respective
destinations.
CHRISTMAS-DAY IN THE WORKHOUSES.—The poor in
all the metropolitan workhouses were regaled with right
good hearty Christmas cheer to-day, and in those unions
where there are children and very old people, additional
indulgences were provided in the shape of tea, sugar, snuff,
tobacco, oranges, sweetmeats, &c. In the majority of in-
stances, however, the national dish of roast beef and plum
pudding, was the prevailing fare. For the last two years
there has been a vast decrease in the recipients of paro-
chial relief, and the returns to-day show the gratifying re-
sult that, whilst in 11 parishes and unions there is an in-
crease of pauperism to the extent of 1,465 persons, in 26
parishes there is a decrease to the number of 3,844 persons;
thus showing a further decrease to the extent of. 2,379 per-
sons receiving parochial relief in the metropolis. It Is a
remarkable circumstance that whilst the largest amount of
increase in pauperism has taken place in the wealthy West-
end parishes of St. Marylebone, where the increase is 593,
and in St. Luke, Chelsea, where it is 384, the decrease has
taken place in the poorer districts of Bermondsey, to the
extent of 303; Whitechapel, 403; East London Union
829; Holborn -Union, 454; and St. Giles's, 377. ,
ROBBERY OF GOLD DIIST.—On Wednesday afternoon
the Lady Flora, Capt. Penecath, arrived in the London
Docks from Sydney and Port Philip, having as a part of
her cargo 139 packages of gold dust, weighing above three
tons and a half, and valued at about 420,0001., which were
yesterday safely lodged in the Bank of England. On the
passage of the vessel homewards, during a gale of wind,
the fore-yard was carried away, and other injuries were
sustained, in consequence of which she was about to put
into Rio Janeiro to repair the damage. While there, in-
formation was communicated to the captain, that a
package of the gold dust had been stolen. The packages
were in the lazaretto, under the care of the officers of the
vessel, who were the only persons allowed to have access
there. The captain, on going to the lazaretto, found a
quantity of gold dust about the floor of the room, and
there were fragments of one of the wooden packages
strewed about the floor. An inquiry was instantly insti-
tuted, when, from circumstances which were communicated
to the captain, he was induced to place Mr. Gore,'the
second mate, in custody.
COBDEN'S FREE TRADE LOAF.—Such is the title
given to an immense wheaten loaf, measuring eleven feet
long by these fret wide, snd weighing upwards of 2001b5.,
which is now bein,r-exhibited, as a Christmas attraction,
in a baker's shop at Kennington-cross. How characteristic
of the "wise, just, and beneficial" results of free trade, and
how emblematic of the abundance of the people's food,
sweeter because it is no longer leavened with a sense of in-
justice.

NISTR,Y.

1 The following appeared in our Third Edition of
last night :
Premier
Foreign Secretary Lord J. RUSSELL.
Home Secretary Lord PALMERSTON.
Secretary for the Colonies Duke of NEWCASTLE.
Chancellor of the Exchequer Mr. GLADSTONE.
First Lord of the Admiralty Sir J. GRAHAM.
Secretary-at-War Mr. SIDNEY HERBERT.
President of the Board of Control Sir CHAS. WOOD.
Lord Privy Seal Duke of ARGYLE.
President of Council Lord CLARENDON.
Postmaster-General Lord CANNING.
Board of Works Sir W. MOLESWORTH.
Duchy of Lancaster Lord GRANVILLE.
Board of Trade W. CARDWELL.
Attorney-General Sir A. COCKBURN.
Solicitor-General Sir W. P. WooD.
--- Secretaries to the Treasury ITAYTER.
-- WILSON.
IRELAND.

Lord-Lieutenant.
Attorney-General
Solicitor-General..

Lord ST. GERMAN,
-- BREWSTER.
Will. KEOGH.

ANOTHER LIST.
First Lord of the Treasu:•j The Earl of Aberdeen.
Lord Chancellor Lord Cranworth.
Chancellor of the Exchequer Mr. Gladstone.
Home Secretary Lord Palmerston.
Foreign Secretary Lord John Russell.
Colonial Secretary The Duke of Newcastle.
First Lord of the Admiralty Sir James Graham.
President of the Council Earl Granville.
Lord Pri7 Seal The Duke of Argyle.
Secretary-ht-War Mr. Sidney Herbert.
President cf the Board of Control Sir C. Wood.
Commmissimer of Public Works Sir W. Molesworth.
The 11,11,rquis of Lansdowne will have a seat in
the Cabinet without office.
The above form the Cabinet.
President of the Board of Trade Mr. Cardwell.
Attorney-General Sir A. Cockburn.
Solicitor-General Sir W. P. Wood.
For the cotvenience of comparison, we subjoin
lists of the three last preceding Cabinets
---

SIR R. PEEL'S.
First Lord of the Treasury Sir R. Peel, Bart.
Chancellor of the Exchequer Rt. Hon. H. Goulburn
Lord High Chancellor Lord Lyndhurst.
Lord President of the Council
Home Secietary Sir J. R. G. Graham.
Foreign Secretary
The Earl of Aberdeen.
Colonial Secretary
Baron Stanley.
First Lord of the Admiralty Earl of Haddington.
President of the Board of Control Earl of Ripon.
President of the Board of Trade Rt. Hon. T. Gladstone,
Lord Privy Seal Duke of Buccleuch.
Secretary-at-War Sir T. Fremantle, Bt.
Paymaster-General, Treasurer of Sir E. Knatchball, Bt
the Navy and Ordnance.
Commander of the Forces Duke of Wellington.
LORD J. RUSSELL'S.
First Lord of the Treasury Lord John Russell.
Chancellor of the Exchequer Sir Charles Wood.
Lord Chancellor Lord Truro.
President of the Council Marquis of Lansdowne
Lord Privy Seal Earl of Minto.
Home Secretary Sir G. Grey.
Foreign Secretary
Lord Granville.
Colonial Secretary Earl Grey.
First Lord of the Admiralty Sir F. T. Baring.
President of the Board of Control Lord Broughton.
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lan-
caster

President of the Board of Trade,
Postmaster-General
Secretary-at-War
Paymaster-General and Vice-
President of the Board of Trade Earl Granville.
Commissioner of Public Works... Lord Seymour.
LORD DERBY'S.
Lord President of the Council ... Earl of Lonsdale.
Lord High Chancellor Lord St. Leonard&
First Lord of the Treasury Earl of Derby.
Lord Privy Seal
Chancellor of the Exchequer Right Hon. B. Disraeli
Home Secretary Right Hon. S. Walpole,
Foreign Secretary Earl of Malmesbury.
Colonial Secretary. Sir J. Pakington, Bart,
First Lord of the Admiralty D. of Northumberland.
President of the Board of Control J. C. Herries.
President of the Board of Trade J. W. Henley.
Commissioner of Woods, &c Lord J. R. Manners.

.. Earl of Carlisle.
Hon. H. Labouchere.
.. Marquis of Clanricarde
.. Rt. Hon. Fox Maule.

THE COLLISION ON THE LONDON AND
NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY.

INQUEST ON THE BODY OF THE GUARD,

HARROW, FRIDAY.—This afternoon an inquiry was
held before Mr. Thomas Wakley, at the Queen's Arms
Inn, Harrow, to investigate the death of John Bartholo-
mew, aged 36, the unfortunate guard killed by the acci-
dent which took place on the night of Wednesday last.
Captain Wynne, one of the inspectors attached to the
Railway Department of the Board of Trade ; Mr. H.
Bruyeres, general superintendent ; Mr. M`Connell, chief
of the locomotive department ; and other officials of the
North-Western Railway Company, were present.
The Coroner inquired if there was any one present
who represented Messrs. Sharp, Stuart, and Co., the
makers of the engine ?
Mr. M'Connell replied that a message had been dis-
patched to Messrs. Sharp, Stuart, and C., but as yet no
one was in attendance on the part of the firm.
The Coroner remarked that in the absence of the
makers of the engine he did not see the necessity of
going further into the evidence until some one could
speak positively as to the description and quality of the
tire of the ergine. Looking at all the circumstances of
the case, and taking into consideration the frightful loss
of life that might have ensued from this accident, it was
desirable to make such a thorough investigation into all
the circumstances connected with it, as would enable the
jury and the public to decide where the fault was, whe-
ther the accident arose from neglect or carelessness, and
if such carelessness amounted to a case of manslaughter
or not. It order to afford time for the attendarce of an
entirely independent witness—a practical engineer, who
could speak as to the quality of the tire of the engine and
its manufacture, he should feel it his duty to adjourn the
inquiry.
Mr. Riciard Chr:mes, brassfounder, of Masbro', near
Sheffield, s passenger by the express train, said they ar-
rived 20 minutes after time at Rugby. He spoke to the
deceasedgtard Bartholomew, and inquired the cause of the
delay. ,Ths deceased replied that it was not his train they
were about being attached to. That they ought to have
gone on by the Birmingham express, which had waited
20 minuteE for him, but had gone on without him, as he
had not arrived in time. He was told to want and come
on with tle next train. The train passed the Harrow
station a little after eleven o'clock. He was in the
second-class carriage immed::eely next to the break van,
where the deceased guard was. He suddenly felt a
great shock, and heard a crash, and made his escape out
of the cariage by the door. He then saw the luggage-
van off the line, some hundred yards before, smashed to
pieces. Be heard another train approaching from Lon-
don, and for personal safety he ran towards it. He saw
a train caning, and he shouted, and some one else
whistled, and this caused the speed of the approaching
train to be slackened. It came in contact with the lug-
gat-re van and part of the other train, but not forcibly.
An unreasonable time elapsed before assistance was ob-
tained, and it was four hours before a medical man was
on the spot, and had any of the passengers been seriously
injured they might have died for want of assistance.
The Coroner—We have met here to inquire into the
circumstances that led to the melancholy accident. You
are now alluding to circumstances which occurred after.
The first inquiry should be as to the description and
quality of the tire,

- Mr: M'Connell stated that the tires were invariably
tested previously to being used, by heavy force, as well
as by the sound. There was an officer at the Rugby sta-
tion, whose- duty it was to examine the tires of every
engine before they left that station.
The Coroner : The peat point is to obtain the opinion
of a practical engineer totally unconnected with the rail-
way in question. If the jury could agree as to who
should be consulted upcn this point, it would be well to
decide at once. There being some difficulty on the part
of the jury in fixing upon a competent and practical
engineer,

Mr. H. Bruyeres stgested that as Captain Wynne,
one of the inspectors of the railway department of the
Board of Trade was in attendance, he might be enabled
to afford necessary infirrnation.
Captain Wynne, 0 being consulted, undertook to
submit to the coroner Dy Monday the name of a compe-
tent and practical engineer, totally unconnected with
railways.