The Sun.
London, England, 1852-09-15 00:00:00

THE SUN,

far bee. nd i s pecuniary estirna ... Prowl
NAP,)LPON may he attributed. r
ea thP PenitlSUl3,rozr.s.st
5 liehZt ear/ of our prosperity, and in land is the
where where t'ae great Corsican first met serious antagonism„
e lust refuge of our adversity. Occupying thus the prin-T1
:he Duke trained the British forces into suchlipai pass of our industrial system, and being thu?
versed in
eetveenrtyaelTricgthi
rightful
loauirl socialuthorsitta;i
is::
admirable discipline that (as he afterwards said in his -necessarily.
evidence before a Parliamentary Committee) "with
'MiePtewrhsoofisdosoineeicPfinance as the tenant-farmer? and
that army he could have done anything," kV who is more entitled to be represented as direztly, and
Waterloo, this discipline conquered the brave forces honestly, and :July, as can b.?"
who rallied around Neroeeoci in that last and terrific ~ New, has this large, steady, and valuable part of ourto
struggle for universal Empire. community in truth a vote at all ? As a body assuredly,
The war at an end, the Duke commanded the
not. A vote was asked for them by their landlords,i
ust as a protective duty was asked for them, for the
army of occupation at Paris, and on his return toqi
England was placed at the head of the Ordnance De-landlord's benefit only. The one condition was with- _
held which could alone have secured them the real
pertinent, from which, in 1827, on the deathLl
of the Duke of YORE, he was called to therpossession of their vote. They were denied the ,
-A
higher office of Commander-in-Chief. This4BAnLoe.
he resigned, when Mr. CANNING became Primel It is a plain and undeniable fact that the farming
„„itenantry of this country are not represented at all. If
Minister, on which occasion he made the oft-quoted
assertion, that "he should be more than mad if he
'under the delusion of protection the chosen candi-
dates were really the choice of the farmers, this was
in the
had any idea of himself becoming Premier:'—
Lan accidental coincidence of opinion ; a coincidence
same year, however, when, from sheer incapacity,
~ -,,generated by the farmers having become entangled
the Earl of RIPON (then Lord GODERICB) abandoned
in a factitious system, the transition state out of
the Premiership, he was succeeded by the Duke, whiy;
3'which, at least, must be one of certain loss to them.,
luctantly yielding to what had become an unavoidable
certainly did not show any want of capacity. Re-
i3' well recollect, indeed, that in 1815, many of the
necessity, he granted Catholic Emancipation, andk most intelligent farmers declined signing petitions ford
thereby separated himself from the ultra-ProtestantA- a corn-law, quite understanding at that time that iti
. portion of his party. He showed his iron will when, takt4was a landlord's and not a farmer's business,
ing Mr. HIISKISSON at his word, he assumed as positive a,.7Can it be credited that such a body of menf,
conditional resignation of office, and adhered to his would not send more of their own class tok
own view of it, maintaining that "it was no mistake,' Parliament if they could ? All the great
it could be no mistake, and it should be no mistake.": branches of commerce, all the leading professions, all=
When the Revolution of 1830 occurred, the Duke "the great religious denominations, prefer to have some,l
wisely avoided plunging England into a war, by of their own body as the representatives of their in-
frankly recognising the new dynasty which French- • terests ; yet a class of men, whose votes could easily
men had established. But when, in this country, the I return two hundred Members of their own, have'i
cry for Parliamentary Reform became general, the -scarcely one from amongst them in the new Parlia-F
Duke did not or would not see that the demand must" meat l Can it he supposed for a moment that they
be complied with, and the result was that, in Novem;real representatives of farmers would not at
her, 1830, his Administration fell to the ground,'
once substitute trespass-laws for game-laws,l
and was succeeded by
Reform,that obfutLofrrdoin h
Gliteea
which protect the ruin of their crops at the
The Duke resisted
cost of originating so much rural crime, andt
time his career as a 'Minister of the Crown may be.' of swelling county and poor-rates ? Would they}
said to have ceases—for we count rather as personal'` allow the expenditure and assessment of county rates
service to Sir ROBERT PEEL than as actual Ministe-;:.' to be solely in the power of irresponsible magisi
rial and political service to the State, the Duke's ad-
es" trates ? Above all, would they suffer a land-i
ministrative •
possession of all the seals of the Cabinet . lord to retain the iniquitous preference over
• offices during the
interregnum
of November and other creditors, which enables him to over-J
e December, 1834, when Sir ROBERT PEEL was sent look to a great extent the claims of capi-
• for to Italy to make an Administration in lieu tel, intelligence, and character, and to be secure
3f that which (it was stated at the time) of his rent from the highest bidder, suffer who may ?
Queen ADELAIDE had overthrown ! During PEEL'S No ; the men returned by tenant-farmers, and the meas
brief Premiership, in 1834-5, the Duke held sures adopted by those men, equally prove that the
affice under and acted with him. Again, from 1841 farmer has no representatives in the British Perlis-

:o 1846, his Grace was a Cabinet Minister, but with•
out any particular office. A sense of duty made him

support the Repeal of the Corn-laws, but his politi-
cal life ended when Sir ROBERT PEEL abandoned
power. Henceforth, the Duke was the personal
riend and adviser of his SOVEREIGN—the arbiter of

politics in the House of Lords—the Nestor on whom
till eyes were turned, when any difficulty arose
which wise experience, deep sagacity, and practical
common sense could solve or conquer.

Common sense, no doubt, was the great characteristic
13f this illustrious mind. It was perceptible in most of
his actions, and was particularly so in his writings.
Until the publication of ten volumes of his Own
Despatches and Correspondence—more valuable by far
han the commentaries upon which the better fame of
Jumus CaSAR is founded—the public had no idea of
`he grasp of mind, the plain good sense, and the
practical intuition which experience best creates, and
which, in combination, were the secret, as they
formed the main sources, of the Duke's success.
Even in a literary point of view these writings are
remarkable : the expression of thought and will
being clear and intelligible, while the composition often
`ook place at the most untoward times and under
he most extraordinary circumstances. The
Despatch written on the midnight of the decisive

day of Waterloo," after he had been some fourteen
flours in the saddle, is one of the most remarkable

went. He is canvassed by his masters, he is driven
to the poll by his masters, he votes under the eye of

his master's agent, brandishing the lash of ejection in
his face, he votes his master into power, and himself
into serfdom. We write patent facts. If a witness
be needed we should summon Sir GEORGE GRIT,

3ompositions in the language. There is eloquence in
its simplicity, and touching pathos in its brief allu-
'ions to the gallant friends who had fallen around him.
In his character, as a man, there was that proud
simplicity of habits and tastes which so often dis-
-inguishes genius. The soubriquet of " The Iron
Duke" marked the popular opinion of this great
man. But under strong will and apparent coldness
ran an under current of much that was genial and
good. Few men had such warm attachments, or so
many true and loving friends. Fewer still, we be-
lieve, more liberally or unostentatiously carried out
:he noble charities which best show, because practi-
ally, the true benevolence of the heart.
In his career, at once brilliant and useful, there'
must have been many gleams of glory higher than,
the rest. None, it is probable, equalled that unri-'
valled hour when, in 1814, he who had left England,l
mix years before, as plain Major-General WELLES.;
LEY, took his seat in the House of Lords, and ad•J
miring crowds of noble men and lovely'
women heard," in that Senate-house, all his
patents of nobility successively read by the official.
ARTHUR. WELLESLEY was the first and only Bri-
tish subject who, in our days, took his seat as a Peer
of the highest grade, having won all his titles by
his own high merit.
Of him, now a national loss, may be said, what is
inscribed on the tomb of one not less illus-
trious, and whose character much resembled that
which we have attempted to indicate,—of him it may
be said, as was truly said of WASHINGTON, "that he
was first in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of
ais countrymen."

Mr. SHARMAN CRAWFORD, or any one opposed'
by large landowners. Now, how long, We "k,,
is all decency and propriety to be out-1
raged by such disgraceful oppression of such

a deserving class ? Extension of the suffrage
is, indeed,; a grand desideratum, but emanci-
pation of one actual constituency is, we think, the
more pressing want. We know, and are fully pre-
pared to answer at length. the arguments, if they are
worthy of the name, by which it is attempted to shoe
that the Ballot would be useless. Why, the
very opposition of the great intimidators to it
ought to settle that question. Their instincts arel
true. They believe not their own arguments ; they
use them but to veil the unseemliness of refusing a
really free vote to their tenants. They know that if
they are so utterly unconscientious as to force a
promise from a tenant against his conscience, that the
tenant will regard his promise much as divines tell
us that HEROD ought to have regarded his oath when
it led to the murder of Jour/ TIIE BAPTIST. If be-

trayed into a promise whose fulfilment would injure
those whom he had no right to injure, the farmer

will think his unoffending country has more claim
upon him to break his promise than a tyrant land-
lord has upon his keeping it. Landlords know, too
that resentment of unfairness is a very strong feeling
in the bosom of JOHN Bum.. And if after the Legis-
lature has given him the right of secret voting, his
old masters should attempt to reduce him to his
former slavery, the attempt would be as electorally
hasardous as it would be socially dangerous to seek
to rivet afresh the broken fetters of 'West India
slavery. 'We anticipate, indeed, very happy effects
from the Ballot on the relations between landlord
and tenant. The former, no longer able to attain
political honours or objects by coercion, would find in
ithem only an additional incentive to fairness and
kindness. He would quietly resign any unjust
legislative advantages he may now enjoy
over his tenant. He would become the rea;
exponent of their wishes and opinions. As
general thing, farmers would still continue on their
farms, and landlords still go to the House of Com-
mons, but they would go to represent the electors, and
not themselves.
Had we the en of our farmers, we would there-
fore advise them to demand, first of all, the removal
of their heaviest burden, that of voting under the eye
of their landlords. This is the burden which most
of all assimilates their condition to that of slaves ;
the burden which hinders the removal of any other
from which the Legislature could relieve them ; or it
is rather, if we may change the figure, the strap which
binds all legislative burdens on their backs. Their
masters, ashamed in most cases openly to assert a
right to know, and thereby control their votes, will
reiterate, no doubt, the old cant that secret voting is
un-English ! They may be told, in reply, and told
unanswerably, that if so, the titular, the professional,
and the commercial aristocracies are thoroughly un-
English aristocracies. They, in all their clubs, vote
by ballot. They think it quite worthy of English
gentlemen to do so. They justly consider that when,
voting according to their own views might bring
them into unpleasant or injurious collision with other
persons, the ballot is then perfectly reasonable ands
thoroughly English. Nay, they regard it as a safeguard
for the preservation of pleasant and gentlemanly
feelings where the performance of duty openly might
hazard their continuance. Farmers, however, and
all other men, too, well know that opposition to the
vote by ballot means neither more nor ,less than de-
termination to retain the power of bribery and inti-
midation. The farmers are the class most degradingly
and injuriously subjected to the latter, and we appeal
to them to insist, in a manner not to be refused, upon
their own immediate emancipation.

THE PENINSULAR MAILS.
SOUTHAMPTON, TUESDAY NIGHT.

By the Peninsular and Oriental Company's
steamer Iberia, C. F. Burney, R.N., Commander, we
have dates from Gibraltar to the 4th; Cadiz, sth;
Lisbon, 9th; and Vigo, to the 11th inst. She brings
24 passengers.
On the 10th the Iberia spoke the Tagus off
Viana,and the West India mail-steamer Conway on
,the 13th.

_ The Peruvian war-steamer Amazon and the
lent tone
Spanish steamer Isabella Segunda were at Cadiz on
the sth inst.
its late
of 01.40 r
ail Lisbono to
oetttherast
roefotehieved9tblayatdhde
Tbuetviolitt.tle news
threatening the lit'
The Oportotow journals had assumed a hostile and vio-
lent
Interior, who
measures
the Government, in consequence of
The Government, respecting the wine trade, even
e and property of the Minister of
possesses large estates on the Douro.
of the Bth, had expressed
aleading article in their journal
themselves determined to
act most energetically i
danghgtera, the
nyattPemripntcsesas
exciting The E
Empress
disturbance.pres s
und her n repressing
Amelia, met with a brilliant reception at Madeira on
the 29th ult. The health of the
andy cleared fore
ve n Pdrainsce
from
so
mwas i
vi
emr --!
proving.
The
arrived screw-steamer
w-stef
the Pirate,er
inat., se u
Liver-
pool,
Alexandria.
1
The Peninsular Company's screw-steamer Madre.,
four days fifteen hours from Southampton, arrived on' i
the 3d, and proceeded to Constantinople. i
The screw-steamer Tiber, three days and a half]
from Marseilles, arrived on the 2d, and left on the 3dl
'for Liverpool.
The French ship Triton, 130 days froin Malabar,!
for Marseilles, arrived on the,2.9th ult., having thrown'
her cargo overboard, owing to bad weather on the:
voyage.
Her Majesty's steam-ship Sampson, nine days frona
Spithead, arrived on the 3d inst., and proceeded to!
join the fleet under Admiral Dundas.

_ --
MEETING Or PARLIAMENT.—Parliament will be:
summoned
for the dispatch of business early in November.)
—Nerald.

THE TEA TRADE, SEPT. 13.—The deliveries of
tea in London last leek were 609,4801 b.