The Sun.
London, England, 1864-03-08 00:00:00

N°. 22,371

GUILDHALL, 24th February, 1864.—The
COMMITTEE for LETTING the CITY'S LANDS
will MEET at GUILDHALL, on WEDNESDAY, the
oth March next, at One o'clock precisely, to receive PRO-
POSALS for a LEASE of the PREMISE, Nco. and 72,
Mark-sane, Fenchurch-street, in the City of London.7i
A Plan of the Premises may be seen, and Forms of Tender
obtained, upon application at the Architect's Office, Guild-
hall.
FERDINAND BRAND, Comptroller.

THE VINTAGE WINE COMPANY
Supply the Public, at a small advance on wholesale
prices, with every description of Wines and Spirits. Terms,
Cash.
THE VINTAGE COMIDA SHERRY at 188. per doz.
TILE VINTAGE CH 4MPAGNE.. „ 275. „
THE VINTAGE CLARET ,1 8. „
THE VINTAGE PORT ..............from 20s. „
Medical and Cleric 11 Testimonials, together with the Illus-
trated Vintage Almanac, containing full detailed Price List,
post free on application.
Four Dozen Wine sent Carriage Free.
14, Bloomsbury-street, 4 d,,ors south of
New Oxford-street.

THE SUN, LONDON TUESDAY EVENING, MARCH 8, 1864.

(11.' r SEEKING LANDED
EL. ATES, TOWN AND COUNTRY RESIDENCES,
FREE HOLD AND LEASEHOLD INVESTMENTS, AND
PROPER VIES G ERALL Y
To DE HAD GRATIS, at the principal Railway Bookstalls
throughout the kingdom, or at the Auction and Estate Offices,
No. 67, Chancery-lane, London, Messrs. E. and 11. Lumley's
"FREE PROPERTY rZEGISTER," containing avaried selection
of landed and house properties now in the market, from
the nobleman's mansion, with its manorial domain, to the
cottage with its few acres.
OWNERS or PROPERTIES wishing to Sell or Let can em-
brace tile opportunity that the medium of this Register
affords, by sending the partictears of their properties to the
Estate Offices, t 7, Chancery-lane, London, as the Messrs.
Lumley can in most cases introduce immediate customers,
where the property is of an eligible character, thereby avoid-
ing tile disadvantages of delay and its attenuant incon-
veniences.
THERE CS NO CHARGE incurreJ, unless a tenant or pur-
cnaser is introduced through Messrs. Lumley's Agency,
and :hen only the usual moderate commission.
Auction and Land Offices, 67, Chancery-lane, London.

VURNITURE, CARPETS. BEDDING, and
FLOORCLOT FT, CARRIAGE-FREE to any house in
the kingdom, regardless of amount or distanoe. First• class
goods at second-class prices. Terms peculiarly liberal to
Clergymen and Gentlemen. An immense stock to select
rom, displayed in Showrcoms occupying an acre of ground.
Every article warranted
t+ GYM EN and GENTLEMEN ABOUT TO FUR-
NISH are respectfully informed that Messrs. Cobbett and
are publishing an entirely New Edition of their un-
equalled HOUSE FURNISHING GUIDE, illustrated by4lo
adn,'-able engravings of every description of Furniture and
twasteads, with prices attached. A copy sent gt atis and
post-free on application. This costly work also contains
complete estimates for furnishing on the following revised
Dale :
A SiX-roomed Parsonage
An Eight-roomed ditto
A Ten-roomed ditto
A Twelve-roomed ditto
Together with a ?rice List of purified Bedding, and a mass
of valuable informationto all requiring household furniture,
carpets, or bedding. References kindly permitted to Clergy-
men and gentlemen In or near Great Malvern, Southampton,
Chichester. Bury, Ely. Preston, Grimsby, Ryde, Plymouth,
Wells. Oxford. Brighton, Gainsborough, Margate. Kidder-
minster, Wellington, Croydon. Cambridge, Staines, Dorking,
St. Alban's. Worcester, Ipswich, Peterborough, St. David's,
Wrexham, and above 500 other places in all parts of Great
lints
COI3BETT and CO., General House Furnishers, Deptford-
bridge, London, B.E,

MITE ENGLISH ant FOREIGN LIBRARY
COMPANY (Limited).
15, Old Bond-street, W.
DIRECTORS,

Major-General Sir TTENTIiirT'IaiiLINSON,K.C.B., F.R.S
1, 11111-street, Berkeley-square, Chairman.
Right lion. Viscount Bury. M.P., 48, Rutland-gate.
The Very Rev. the Dean of Chichester, F.K.S.
The Rev. G. R. Gleig, Chaplain-General to the Forces, 8

Warwick-squire. _
CharlesNeu,. Esq., M.P., Oriel College, Oxford.
Coleridge J. Kennaird, Esq , F.R G.S., Fenohurch-street
Ferdinand Freiligrath, Esq, Bank of Switzerland, Royal
Exchange-buildings.
John William Kaye, Esq., 59. LincAn's-inn-fields
Robert Bell, Esq , F. ft.t,.L., 14, York-street, P.rtman-square
John Bad, Esq. (Messrs Quitter and Ball), 3, Moorgate-
street, E.C.
The Company guarantee the circulation of all new works
of value or interest immediately after publication,
C The Library embraces s iecial departments of sconce and
the liberal professions, and of foreign literature in all its
branches.
Works not in the L brary are purchased at the request of
subscribers.
Books are delivered to town subscribers by the Company's
carts daily with a radius of three miles, and twice weekly
within five miles.
Term of subscription from two guineas upwards. Details
of terms for town and country subscribers forwarded on ap-
lication.
Holders of 10 shares and upwards entitled to special ad-
vantages as subscribers.
SAMUEL BEVAN, Secy.

SHAKSPERF, SCHOOL OF THE ROYAL
DRAMATIC COLLEGE.
Under the Patronage of her Most Gracious Majesty the
QUEEN and his Ropl.lllahness the PRINCE of

NEW WORK BY THE DUKE OF MANCHESTER.
Now ready, in 2 vols. Bvo., with Fine Portraits, 305.,
COURT AND SOCIETY, from ELIZABETH
to ANNI. Edited, from the Papers at Kimbolton,
by the DUKE of ZdANCHESTER.
From the Times.—" These volumes are sure to excite
curiosity. A great deal of interesting rolitter is here collected
from sonnies which are not within elrerygtaix,i reach...
Burst and Blackett. 13, Great Marlborough-street

Nowyeady, post 8vo„ with 2 Illustrations, 105. 6d„
LEGENDS OF ICELAND. Translated by
GEORGE E. J. POWELL and EIRIKUR MAGNUSSON.
Richard Bentley, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.

Immediately, in Two Vols. Bvo., with Map, price 32a.,
MEXICO: ANCIENT AND MODERN.
I3y MICHEL CHEVALIER,

Member of the institute and Senator of France.
London: John Maxwell and Co., 122, Fleet-street

STEAM from LONDON to NEW YORK.
.1 he British and American Steam Navigation Company
(Limited) will DESPATCH one of the undermentioned
Splendid Fast Screw Steamers TWICE EACH MONTH for
New York:—

Next week, in Two Vole., post Bvo., price 215.,
DWELLERS ON THE THRESHOLD.
By W. 11. DAVENPORT ADAMS,
Author of "Famous Beauties and Historic Women," &c.
1,0 :.dou : John Maxwell and Co., 122, Fleet-street.

T ' E
O X F O R I),
R, OXFORD STREET, W. _

- -
THIS EVENING. will be performed the new and success-
ful Opera, by M. Guonod, FAUST, embracing the entire
company of this establishment, with augmented baud and
chorus ; and other Musical Entertainments, supported by the
following talented artistes : —Misses Russell. Fitz-Henry,
Tyrrell,,VValmsley ; Messrs. Morley, Tivoli, Green, &a
Director, Mr. F. Jonghmans.

UNSWORTII and EUGENE will make their re-appear-
ance This Evening.

Comedy, by 3fr.r, T. Nachman, W. Randall, G. Hutchenson,
G. W. Jester, Miss Nelly Powar (the juvenile comedienne),
(tc.
Will shortly be produce, THE DrEititY WIVES OF
WINDSOR, by Otto Nicoll; an 1 TILE TWO GENTLE-
MEN OF VERONA, by Sir Henry Bishop.
- • • .

Admission—Area, 6d. ; stalls and balmy, Is.; private
boxes, 10s. 6d.

CANTERBURY HALL.
The Fairy Entertainment, entitled
PRINCE BLOSSOM IN THE LAND OF SHADOWS!
Is written expressly for this establishment by W. F. Vander-
veil, author of the celebrated " Enchanted Hash," and en-
Ales Mr. Morton, with the aid of Professor Pepper's Optical
Illusion (kn-fwn as the Ghost), to produce effects never before
contemplated, and which have all i een duly reflistered by
him and Mr. J. li. Weston under the title of The Ghost In
the Magic Fountains." By this nPw arrangement, that
which is in reality no.hing but a shadow, becomes to all ap-
pearance endowed with life, and when " Fame" takes her
flight through the burning Cataracts, and the Naiads seek
their beds in the Crystal Waters, form a coup d'oil of beauty
unparalleled even in fairy romance.
Prince Blossom (with the Song of all Nations), Miss Townley.
The Marvellous Illusion will take place every Evening at
half -past Nine o'c'oelc.
All the wonderful entertainment of the establishment, as
usual, in addition to the above.
Admission—Area, nd. ; Stalls and Balcony, ls.
Open every Evening.

Tone. Horse Power.
LONDON 2,00 SLO ..... Capt. GLOVER.
WESTMINSTER 2,500 ..... 510 ..... Capt. Couch.
DUBLIN 2 5OO ..... 500
NEW YORK 2,500 ..... 500 ..... t apt. 11Am:is.
These magnificent vessels are unsurpassed by any ocean-
going Steamer, and have acoommodation -for passengerir re-
plete witn every oomfort. The Line will commence at an
early date ; the exact day to be fixed in a latter announce.
ment. To load in the Victoria Docks.

For freight or passage apply to the Company's Agents,
Alfred Laming and Ca., 70, CornhilL

BRITON MEDICAL AND GENERAL LIFE
ASSOCIATION.
Chief Office 429, Strand, London.
The ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Share-
holders of the Briton Medical and Gener Life Asso-tatfon
will be held at the Chief Offices, N 0.421, Strand, on THUR -
DAY, the 17th day of March, 1864, at Two o'clock, p.m.. fr r
the purpose of receiving the Directors' Report and Itaianoe-
-;heet for the past year. the Elect on of Directors and Audi-
tors, the Declaration of a Dividend, and for the transaction
of the ordinary business of such meetings.
By Order of the Board,
JOHN MESSENT, Secretary.
Dated this 7th day of March, 1801.

ECONOMIC LTFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
6, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars.

London, 28th February, 1864.

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That the ORDINARY
ANNUAL COURT, and also that au EXTRAORDINARY
QUINQUENNIAL GENERAL COURT, will be held at
Radley's Hotel, Bridge-street, Blackiriars, on SATURDAY,
the Dili March, 1861, at Two o'clock precisely, for the follow-
ing purposes:--
ORDINARY ANNUAL COURT.

ROYAL ALHAMBRA.-
LAST WEEK of PRANCONP3 TROUPE.

ROYAL ALHAMBRA.-
LAST SIX NIGHTS of FRANCONI'S CIRQUE.

Ist. To consider and receive the Auditors' Report for the
year 1863 ; and
2dly. To erect Auditors for the present year.

ROYAL ALHAMBRA._
ENTIRE CHANGE on MONDAY. March 7th' The
Greatest Attractions ever produced In London.

MADAME TUSSAUD'S HISTORICAL
GALLERY; established 28 years at the Bazaar,
Baker-street.
NEW ADDITION.—A full-length Model of JEFFERSON
DAVIS, President of the Confederate States; also, a full-
length Model of PRESIDENT
LINCOLN.
Admittance, le. ; extra rooms, 81 Open from 11 till dusk,
and from 7 till 10.

A" YLL ROOMS, Windmill-street,
yantonn
as
nd. and
forty Overtures,n number.
Piccadilly,
IS OPEN EVERY EVENING.
Deem; the evening an unparalleled repertoire of Danoe
Doors Open a Half-past 8, commence at Q.
Admission Is.
bMruatesicd ASerlgeis performed by the cele-
31anager, Di. GRENET.

41A, MADDOX-STREET, REGENT-STREET, W.
TRE LONDON ANATOMICAL MUSEUM,
Open daily from 10 till 10. Where may be seen the
Astees ; Bushman and Wife; Julia Pastrana and Infant;
Eng and Shang, the Siamese Twins; and upwards of 8,000
Models, Natural Preparations, .to. Egyptian Mummies,
unwrapped, 4,000 years old. Admission, One tihilling (tor
Gentlemen only).

MADAME RACHEL'S CIRCASSIAN
WAIL and AL A RASTER POWDER Beautiful
for even-47A. New Bond-street.

SHORTHAND.—PITMAN'S PHONOGRA-
PHIC TEACHER. 6d.; free by poet. 7d.

SHORTHAND.-PITMAN'S PHONOGRA-
PHIC BIANIIAL. Free by post, le. 6d.

SH 0 R T H A N D.-"PITMAN'S PHONO
GRAPHY forma an exceedingly efficient—probably
the MOST effidelat —llBtenl of Shorthand that exists."—Sir
Rowland I,IIIL

EXTRAORDINARY AND QUINQUENNIAL COURT.

Ist. To consider and receive the Report of the Directors
upon the value of the Funds of the Society, and its
engagements; and the Valuation of the Policies,
prior to declarlag a Bonus.
2dly. To declare thi Sum to be allotted to the Members of
the Society as a B inns; and
3dly. To elect four Directors; in consequence of the following
going out of office, by ballot, viz. :
Henry Barnett, Esq.
Right lion. E. P. Bouverie, M.P.
Edward Charrington, Esq.
Pascoe Charles Glyn, Ere".
These gentlemen being, by the 153 d Article of the Peed of
Settlement, immediately eligible to be re-elected, are recom-
mended severally by the Board of Directors.
As the ißesolutions of the Extraordinary General Court
will require confirmation, so Saturday, the 2d April, is ap-
pointed tor that purpose, at Two o'clock precisely.
By order of the Board of Directors,
ALEXANDER MACDONALD, Secretary.

SOllO ESTATE, HOUSE, AND GENERAL
BUSINESS AGENCY OFFICES.—Persons requiring
Freehold or Leasehold Property, or having' Business and
Houses to be disposed of, should apply to Mr. CHARLES
MURRAY, Auctioneer and Valuer, 2t, Gerrard-street,
Soho. W.
Valuations for Probate Administration, Fire Claims, Rail-
way Compensations, &c. Rents Collected.

The Explosion at Aberaman.

BENSON'S WATCHES, adapted for any climate
and country: wholesale and retail. Chronometer,
duplex, lever, horizontal, vertical, repeatin,g, centre seconds,
keyless, astronomical, reveysible, and chronograph watches,
from 200 to three guineas each.
An illustrated ptmplilet and prize list of every description
of watch post free for two stamps.
J. 1,7. BENSON, by special warrant of appointment watch
and clock maker to 11.R.H. the Prince of Wales. Manufac-
tory, 33 and 34, Ludgate-hill. E.C.

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The inquest on the body of David Thomas and other
persons, killed by tho explosion at the Abel-Arnim Works,
terminated on Friday. The most important evidence was
that given by Mr. William Williams, engineer, Merthyr
Tydvil, and Mr. It. 13. Longridgo, chief engineer of the
Steam Boiler Insurance Company, Manchester. Mr.
Williams did not believe the explosion was attributable to a
deficiency of water. lie thought it was duo to the failure
of the transverse seams of tho shell over the fireplace to re-
sist the pressure. The shells were unusually largo for high
pressure tubular boilers, lle thought it would be desirable
to decrease their size, and to fit every boiler with two safety
valves, as well as independent pressure gauges. The cor-
rosive defects could have been found out if the boilers
had boon properly cleaned and examined, Mr. It. 13. Long-
rige, chief engineer of the Steam Boiler Insurance Com-
pany, who had been asked to report on results of tho ex-
' plosion by the Coroner, said that on examining the boiler
No. 2 he found that close to the overlap of some of the cir-
cular seems several of the plates were corroded nearly
through; and this was the case at that part of No. 2, about
Sft. from the firing end, whore the first rupture appeared to
have commenced. If a rupture had occurred in consequence
of a reduction of the thickness of the plates, the ordinary
working pressure of 401 b. was quite sufficient to account for
the further results observed. The bursting pressure of a
boiler,t9ft in diameter, made of I inch platcs,would be about
1./01b. per square inch; but, if reduced to 1-16th of an inch
in thickness, it would be about 401 b. Some parts of this boiler
were less than 16th of an inch, but others retained their
original thickness. Ilis only surprise was that they should
have worked so long at Mb. pressure. lie should not have
considered them safo at 201 b., and when in good condi•
tion 451 b. was as high a pressure as ho should have con-
sidered it safe to work such boilers at. He was quite satis-
fied that there had been no deficiency of water. Tho cor-
rosion that had taken place in the boilers was attributable
to the presence of acid in the water, and water drawn from
coal mines frequently produced these effects. The injurious
effects produced by such water might be prevented by the
daily washing of them with common soda. Ho had no
hesitation in saying that the explosion was solely attribu-
tade to the corrosion of the plates inside. Mr. Denier, who
appeared on behalf of Mr. Crawshay Bailey, M.P., stated
that the latter had made the amplest pro%ision for the
unfortunate sufferers, aml that he would readily adopt any
suggestion which the jury might make to improve the
safety of the boilers and machinery. The jury returned the
following verdict—" That the deceased David Thomas and
others met their deaths from an explosion of
explosionstun w.e
result of accident arising from the bad state of the boilers,
but they have no evidence to show that those in charge are
responsible for such accident. They recommend the sug-
gestions of Messrs. Williams and I..ongridge fur the con-
sideration of Mr. Bailey, and also suggest the adoption of
priutql rules, that all way know their duty."

// 2_

ki da with its gigantic competition, is a proposal
that naturally startles the timid, while it excites all
the animosity of Directors and Secretaries. But, on
considering the arguments of Mr. Gladstone, we
cannot help coming to the conclusion that such a
?Theme as he recommends is not only not unjust
to those Societies which deserve consideration, but
will prove a great boon to that large class
which has so little knowledge, so few good
advisers, and s 3 many who are ready to take
edvantage of its trustfulness and ignorence..
The object of the Government Bill is to ex-
tend to the humble purchaser of en annuity or
insurer of his life that security which the more
wealthy classes possess. We all know what the
father of a family who wishes to insure his life for
so many hundred or thousand pounds can do. He
can inquire emong his friends as to a substantial
and trustworthy office, and con make his proposal
tc some association which reckons iis accumulations
by hundreds of thousands, and which gives him a
guarntee as
perfect as can be etfurded by any com-
mercial institution. Unless he be guilty of straugo
imprudence, he need have little fear that the money
which ho lays by out of his yearly income for tee
payment of premiums will be thrown away, ur that
in a few years ho will be agonised by !coming that
the fund to which ho looked for the support of his
wife or his daughters when he was in the grave has
been squandered in speculation or dishonestly ap-
priated. Life Assurance, us carried on for the benefit
of the middle class and those above them, is on a
basis sufficiently sound. But how different is the
case with the poor! Who that knows anything
of the small Insurance Companies, the legion of
Friendly Societies and Benefit Clubs, can fail to
pity the class which is reduced to trust in Asso-
ciations so thoroughly unsound ? Oar readers will
not have forgotten the discussions of a few months
since, when the carelessness, the ignorance, and the
profligacy with which many of these Societies are
conducted were made the subject of public. com-
ment in consequence of the report of the Registrar.
The true position of the honest working class with
respect to such Associations is most pitiable. We
have in this country at loast a million families
which are earning in good times more than enough
to keep them, but which can never hope to accumu-
late enough to be independent of the changes of
trade or the stroke of sickness or accident, and, if

PRICE' ...... ...4d.
STAMPED ....5tL

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS,

- -

Posse—Great astonishment has been expressed in
some quarters at the new organisation of slavery
inaugurated by the Federals, on the ground that it
is such an outrageous proceeding. But a moment's
reflection will satisfy any one who has watched the
progress of affairs since the war of bECCESIOU broke
out that this is a reason for not being astonished at
all. The organisation of slavery by those who pre-
tended to make war for abolition is quite in charac-
ter with their other acts, if not with their professions.
They have told us openly that the emancipation
proclamation was a war measure which was only to
apply to " rebels," and not to " loyal" elaveowners.
Besides, it is perfectly well known that the North
went to war that it might not lose the profits it has
hitherto contrived to extract from the South, whose
prosperity and wealth aro the product of slave
labour. Free whites will not go there to work, and
could not work there if they went; at least, not
profitably, as the blacks can, and will do when
they aro made, but certainly would not do if
freed and left to themselves. It was therefore
evident, to all who really understood the facts of
the case, that as soon as the Federals had any large
number of negroes to deal with, they would, alter
a few unsatisfactory experiments, restore the old
institution under a new name. We must admit,
however, we are not surprised that the new dis-
pensation promulgated by General Banks should
have excited the astonishment it has done, par-
ticularly when we reflect that it includes the
slavery of whites as well as blacks. But then,
again, does not the American gospel teach us that
all men are born equal, and that the blacks are as
good as the whites ? As, therefore, they find it
inconvenient to raise the black labourer, they set
about sinking the white one to his level. Besides,
the way in which the complexions of men grow
darker or lighter, from the blackest to the fairest
hue, presents an infinite series of imperceptible gra-
dations. Where is the line to be drawn ? Rough-
and-ready Federal generals and statesmen do not
stand nice upon trifles like this. The new slavery
—not emancipation—proclamation, recently issued
by General Banks, and applicable to the whole
State of Louisiana, shows no respect for persons,
makes no distinction of caste, or class. All aro
fish that come to his net, and slavery, in fact, if not
in name, is their portion. The proclamation re-
cites a good many moral commonplaces, and such
good old truisms as are much in request for chil-
dren's copy-slips. " Labour is a public duty."
" Idleness and vagrancy aro a crime." "'roil is
the condition of existence with all the children of
God." Fortified with all these excellent platitudes,
General Banks, as the organ of the Federal Govern-
ment, proceeds to decree that " labourers shall ren-
der to their employer, between daylight and dark,
ten hours in summer and nine hours in winter of re-
spectful, honest, faithful labour," for which they aro
to receive payment according to a fixed scale speci-
fied in the proclamation, "in addition to just
treatment, healthy rations, comfortable clothing,
quarters, fuel, medical attendance, and instruction
for children." But "wages will be deducted in case
of sickness, and rations also when sickness is
feigned. Indolence,insolence, disobedience to orders,
and crime will be suppressed by forfeiture of pay
and such punishments as aro provided for similar
offences by army regulations. Sunday work will
be avoided when practicable, but, when necessary,
will be considered as extra labour, and paid at the
rates specified." After this sweeping ordinance we
are told that " labourers will be permitted to choose
their employers, but when the agreement is made
they will be held to their engagement for the year,
under the protection of the Government. In cases
of attempted imposition, by feigning sickness or
stubborn refusal of duty, they will be turned over
to the provost marshal of the parish, for labour
upon the public works without pay." 'rho la-
bourer having exercised the highest right in the
choice and place of employment, must be held to
the fulfilment of his engagements until released
therefrom by the Government." The enlist-
ment of any more black soldiers is put a stop
to. A military police is to be organised out o?
"invalid soldiers." Soldiers of any colour are not
to be allowed henceforth to visit plantations, appa-
rently that the mind of the " labourers" should not
be unsettled thereby, and the new organisation of
slavery interfered with. The " plantation hands"
—no restriction as to colour—" will not be allowed
to pass from ono place to another." Masters aro
to make muster rolls of " the labourers" in theie
service, The possession of concealed arms is a
punishable offence. "Flogging arid other cruel
punishments are interdicted," although, as we have
seen, " labourers' aro to bo punished for "indo-
lence, insolence, and disobedience" in like manner
as soldiers. "Labourers" aro to be permitted to
cultivate land in portions varying from a quarter
to a whole acre in size. Banks aro to be opened for
the savings of labourers, so that the Government
will their banker, and hold their funds in its cus-
tody: The transportation of negroes to other coun-
tries will not be approved, so that it seems the
North have found out the necessity of keeping and
utilizing them at home. " The planter and the
negro," we are didactically told, "comprehend
the revolution," but the overseer doesn't. In seems
ho " dislikes the trouble of thinking, and discredits
the notion that anything new has occurred. lie is
a relic of the past, and adheres to its customs,"
Therefore, where his " incomprehension (of the
new order of things) is chronic, reduced wages,
diminished rations, and the mild punishments
imposed by the army and navy will do good."
There is a strong twang of General Butler in all
this, and ono is almost inclined to suspect he is the
inventor of the new organisation of slavery, and the
framer of the proclamation in which it is announced.
Towards the end of this curious document, the
paragraphs, which are all numbered throughout
like the clauses of an act of Parliament, aro of great
length, and commence in an incoherent oracular sort
of way, diverging into a garruloue strain of weak
moralising over things in general. Section 22
begins with enlarging upon the blessings of " suc-
cessful industry," and winds up, after running on
to a great length, with a eulogy upon the new
organisation of slavery and the immense benefits
conferred upon the South. No. 23 is still more dis-
cursive and rhapsodical, beginning with the modest
statement, that" a more majestic end wise clemency
human history does not exhibit;" and ending with
the grandiloquent assertion that " the yellow har-
vest must wave over the crimson field of blood, and
the representatives of the people displace the agents
of purely military power." But this seductive dal-
liance only lulls to deceive, for the 24th clause
roust wake up the citizens of Louisiana with a
start. With prodigious verbosity it gives
them to understand that they must either enter
the Northern armies and fight for the Northern
cause, or else vote for candidates representing
the Northern policy and principles; if they
don't do that they must make up their
mind to be outlaws. The " restoration of civil
government," which means the restoration
of the Union, is a " solemn duty upon all persons,"
who are invited to participate in the measures
" suggested" for its re-establishment. " Open hos-
tility cannot be permitted. Indifference will be
treated as a crime, and faction as treason. Men who
refuse to serve their country with the ballot-box or
the cartridge-box have no just claims to the benefits
of liberty regulated by law." Therefore, " all people
are called upon to take the oath of allegiance," which
is " the test of unconditional fealty to the Govern-
ment and all its measures." The last clause is
short, and to the purpose. It says, with equal
brevity and force, that the so-called " amnesty for
the past is conditioned upon unreserved loyalty
.for
the future, and this condition will be enforced with
an iron hand." We recognise Butler's hand here.h
" Whoever is indifferent or hostile must eatirlo)orsde
thee-
tween the liberty which foreign
.hands
poverty of the rebel States and the innumerable and
inappreciable blessings. which our ernment
'These concluding words
confers upon its people.'
contain a delicacy and refinement of sarcasm which
is beyond Butler. To introduce such words not only
into a document generally referring to the present
state of America, but a document promulgating a
duplicate system of slavery, embracing labourer! of
all colours and citizens of every rank, implies a
profundity of satirical pathos beneath whose depth
we can hardly conceive a lower still. The blessings
of such a syste
.m, if not " innumerable," are un-
4, inappreciable."
questionably
TimEs.—ln one of the most masterly statements
the Chnncelljr of' the Ex-
which he has ever made,
chequer explained last evening the principles and
details of the Government Annuities Bill. It is,
indeed, a measure of striking novelty, and so likely
to be fraught with important cons«prences that we
can well understand how cautious politicians ask
time for inquiry and consideration. That the Go-
vernment should enter as a competitor into ono of
the most intricate paths of industry, that it should
offer the security of the nation in competition with
the security of privaie companies, that it should
ecarcely refrain from trenching on the domain of
the great Associations of London and Edinburgh,
while it threatens to overwhelm the legion of
Friendly Societies and minor Assurance Oflices of all

the father wishes to provide for wife and children
byLife Assurance, cannot afford to make the invest-
ment on such a scale as to obtain the security of a
respectable Office. AU these are the victims of the
small Associations which are spread over the coun-
try; and how lamentable are the consequences may
be learnt from the reports from which Mr. Glad-
stone confesses that ho received the impulse to pre-
sent his new plan to the Legislature. Far be it
from us to say that in all, or, indeed, in many, of
these cases there is deliberate fraud. Many of them
aro constituted in such a manner that their mem-
bers walk happily and unsuspiciously down the path
of ruin. The principles on which all Associations of
this kind depend for success are a union of high
scientific accuracy with considerable knowledge of
business and of the best modes of dealing with
large sums of money. The computations of the
Actuary aro among the most delicate and ingenious
to which the mind can be applied, and require also
an accurate record of facts respecting which the
class of persons who organise and carry on the pru-
dential associations of the working classes have
little knowledge. What wonder, then, that we hear
of interest being paid which proper calculations
easily show to be ruinoue ; that the expenses of
officers and agents are out of all proportion to the
income ; that societies are supposed to have a cer-
tain available capital when in truth they are about
that very sum worse than nothing ? What wonder
that failure of cpparently the most stupid and dis-
graceful kind should be of constant occurrence, in-
volving disappointment, and perhaps ruin, to hun-
dreds of the honest poor? Mr. Gladstone, having
considered these evils, now comes forward to propose
a partial remedy. That the working classes wish to
save is proved by the existence of the immense num-
ber of associations which weekly or monthly receive
their money to an aggregate amount of millions
in the year. That this same class is fully aware
that the Government is the best debtor it can have,
even though its promises be far less magnificent
than those of some neighbouring signboard, has
been proved by the success of the Poet-office Savings-
banks. Fncouraged by the great and speedy popu-
larity of those institutions, Mr. Gladstone wishes
now to give the poor the security of the country after
a manner which has never been thought of before,
but which appears to have on its side every theo-
retical reason for success. The Government will
grant Deferred Annuities insuring to the labouring
man a support in old age in consideration of an
annual payment during the strength of life, and it
will also endeavour to develops the highest and
most unselfish form of prudence by granting
assurances on lives to the value of £lOO, Thu
moral benefit which the power of securing such
a tuna to his family must bring to the working
man need not bo dwelt upon. There is hardly
any influence more likely to raise a man above
the temptations of sensuality and display than
the consciousness that ho has at his disposal a con-
siderable sum, which he can leave to whom ho
pleases, the continued possession of it being secured
by his denying himself certain indulgences, As a
sequel to the Savings-bank system the philan-
thropist c.in desire nothing better than the esta-
blishment of Life Assurance among the poor, the
only real question being whether the Government
should conduct such an enterprise. On this subject
Mr. Gladstone spoke at some length ; but we do not
think that a defence of the abstract right of the
Government to engage in such undertakings was
needed. The nation may surely do in its corporate
capacity anything which it is convinced can be bet-
ter done by itself' than if left to individuals. If it
coins all our gold and silver and carries all our
letters, it surely has the right to assist the poor to
obtain a better security for their savings. The im-
portant question is whether it is expedient to do
this, and to interfere with the numerous Asso-
ciations which will muster in opposition under
the banner of private enterprise. With regard to
this, we think that Mr. Gladetone'e explanations
are sufficient to recommend the scheme to the coun-
try. The cry of " Government interference" is one
which a consideration of precedents ought effectually
to silence. Government has " interfered with
industrial enterprise" for many a year, since it has
granted annuities, and has also, na Mr. Gladstone
triumphantly shows, subsidised Friendly Societies
very substantially. There is nothing unjust in the
scheme ; for the solid Associations of a higher class
will not be touched by it, while the lower are in such
a state that the competition of Government accuracy
and honesty will do good both to them and the
public. Will, then, the scheme be successful as a
tinancial meaeure ? Mr. Gladstone does not doubt
that a satisfactory answer can be given to the ques-
tion, and it is obvious that the Government has
many advantages from its universality, its unlimited
credit, and the general trustworthiness of its agents.
One point of the scheme is especially interesting.
It will naturally occur to any one who thinks on
the question that the discrimination between good
and bad lives must be of very great importance
among the artisans, some of whom are engaged in
most unhealthy occupations. Mr. Gladstone assures
us that " the value of life in the case of a labouring
man is a matter of comparatively simple calcula-
tion," and cites the medical officer of an industrial
assurance company, who says," In the case of indus-
trial assurances we scarcely look at our patients,"
for "the employment and the general character as
palpably known to all the world are in the long
run a sufficient and satisfactory test of the value of
the lives." If this means that the men, being all
supposed sober, the trade determines the longevity,
Government iu the
it will bo interesting to learn whether this prin-
ciple will be applied by the
great scheme which it proposes.

uhceu:totisiloeSl
Friday
ao offing,
EiRS OFF DrtantidAna.re Tevh:
ly
gri3nTntoci IbiyamasEhk
ooecreDreepuhiAcnioaaNgwpei
treaSuedl isrhheasaorrw;Cep 100k-out for prizes. We have heard
of
gine very excit-
yamreorlikeien
ward over the mouth of the Foyrth. Abpoutgdwaabtcrileaank and
larget foreign vessel was observed to the eastwardy of the
own, hugging the land much more closely than is gene-
rally done by vessels of its size. As it seemed to be endea-
vcuring to keep within the limits allowed on neutral ground,
suspicions were aroused, and its progress was watched by Ph
number of the townsfolk, who with glass in hand assembled
in the Castle Park for that purpose. After it had rounded
the point and got safely into the Forth, between the Bass
and the May, it was thought that it bad escaped the notice
of the cruisers. In a short time, however, a long, low,
rakish-looking craft shot out from behind the May Island,
and stood right over on the track of the vessel. A meet ex-
citing chase then commenced. The cruiser instantly clapped
on all sail, and the black smoke belching out ever and SUM
from the funnel showed that they were no less intent on.
getting up all the steam they could command. The largo
vessel soon saw its danger, and immediately every inch of
canvas was spread to the breeze. On they both went at a
tremendous rate, but it was soon evident that the coveted
prize would escape. Very luckily for it a strong braze had
sprung up, and both wind and tide were in its favour, be;.
sides having the advantage of a considerable start. Wten
last seen the two were somewhere above the Bass, and a
parting shot was observed to be Font after the fugit;se as it
stood away to the northward under a heavy prer,s of sail,
with a " wet sheet and a flowing sea."--,Scotsmari.
Persons in debt may obtain instant protection ngainst
Imprisonment or seizure of their floods, and an entire release
from all debts and lial.,lllties without publicity, by application
to Messrs. Marshall, sollo'tors of the Court of BankraptcY.
Chartres under CI payable by easy instalments. 01110,7:
(,established 1830), 12, 11 atton-orklea. City iganclL-13, 4°.°
te-otrcet, Dituk.—Auv T.