The Sun.
London, England, 1852-03-24 00:00:00

fourth Xbition

GERMANY.
We learn from Berlin that Baron Linden, Ambas-
sador Extraordinary from the King of Wurtemburg,
has had a private audience of the King, to whom he
delivered a letter from the King of Wurtemburg
containing a satisfactory explanation of certain words
used during the late political excitement. After the
audience the ambassador was invited to dine with the
King at the Castle of Charlottenburgh.
It is stated that the question of the succession to
the throne of the Grand Duchy of Baden has been
settled, and that the Prince Frederic well be sum-
moned to the Grand Ducal office.
In Bremen the Constitution is abolished. The
Senate has published the resolution of the Germanic
Diet of the 6;h of March, by which that assembly
adopted the maEfications proposed by the Senate.
It consequently repeals the Constitution, and an-
nounces the grant of a new fundamental law.
In Vienna the Ministerial President has formed a
investigate the military budget, committee to closely
and to make any proposals for retrenchment. in the
expenditure that may seem at all feasible. It is
generally expected that the committee, which is com-
posed of experienced and clear-sighted men, will
propose certain reductions which will tell upon the
finances.

A telegraphic dispatch says 1,700 men from Sera-
jeno have marched into Livnor. All the Greeks and
the Roman Catholics are being disarmed. All the
Roman Catholic and Greek clergy, and the heads and
two principal magistrates of every town and village,
have been arrested. C3neealment of arms is punished
with instant death. Tee Turks alone are excepted.
Troops are expected at G:ahowr, Glamock. and
uvno for the purpose of suppressing the alleged
Panslavistic movement. Travellers, even those pro-
vided with Austrian passports, are exposed to the
greatest inconveniences. any Christians, quite op-
pressed with the expenses of quartering the troop.,
have quitted their homes, and are wandering about.
The military commander of Prague, Field-Marshal
Count Clam Gallas, has issued a proclamation, under
date of the 14th, which suspends the right of associ-
ations, and recalls to mind the prohibition of either
possessing or distributing exciting or revolutionary
pamphlets or papers. Every transgressor of either
of these laws is amenable to the cognizance of the
court-martial.
In Upper Austria the tide of emigration is greatly
on the increase, and this is by no means con-
fined to the mechanics or the lower classes of the
population, bat large farmers and persons
possessed of considerable landed property leave
their native soil for the purpose of trying their
fortune in America. Dr. Anthony Warren, of New-
market, formerly Deputy to the Austrian Diet, has
united with himself above 100 highly-respectable
persons, who will leave for their distant transmarine
home in the course of a few days.

-- -
In Bohemia, in a district of Blowitz, an emigra-
tion society has been formed, the object of which i 3
to establish a Bohemian and Moravian colony in
North America.

—The illness of his Royal Highness the Grand Duke
of Baden has assumed such a serious character that
he is not expected to survive many days.

ITALY.

The latest accounts from Cagliari are of the 17th.
The greatest tranquillity prevailed throughout the
island, but no intelligence hid yet been received from
the expeditionary column sent to the Nurra district.
The number of muskets collected at Sassari is 3,800,
of which 800 only belonged to the National Guard.
The rural populations, it appears, has refused to join
in the disturbances at Sassari. General DURANDO
has returned t, C.igiieri ; the rigour of the state of
siege has been abated at Sassari; only 35 persons ara
under judicial examination.
The Chamber of Deputies of Turi❑ was discussing
the Civil Pension Bill. On the 19th the Minister of
Finance had presented five projects of law to the
Chamber. Oee of them authorised the National
Bank to increase its capital by 8,000,000 of livrer,
another proposed certain modifications in the tariff,
end a third was relative to the construction of a rail-
way between Turin and Snze.
The Milan Official Gazette of the 18th inst. an-
nounces the arrival of Marshal Radetzki at Cremona
on the 17th.
The Roman Journal of the 15th inst. states that
the Pope had held a S.2cret Consistory in the morning
of that day, at which four new Cardinals of the Holy
Roman Church were appointed. Amongst them was
the Archbishop of Bordeaux, Monsignor Donnet.
After the Consistory, Count Bentivoglio left for
IFrance to convey to his Eminence the news of his
elevation.
The Piedmontese Chlmber of Deputies met on the
18'h inst , to hear the interpellations of M. Ferraccia
relative to the recent oveuts at Sassari. 11. Ferraccia
rose ;lad said :

" Hiving le. en summoned, with the other deputies of
Serdiaia, by the Minisier of the Interiur, I did not thiek
proper to offer any opposition, the state of siege being
already decreed. Any observation I could have made
would have, been tardy and useless. Breides, I was not in
posvession of ;he ieforma.ion I F ave since received. I am
new enabled to state sei.h certainty that the deplorable
events of Sassari were brou;ht &petit, by petty persona-
lities and insults ffered by the riff2men to
_peaceable
citizens, who were under the necessity of defending
themselves. The proclamation of the state of siege is,
on the part of the Cabinet, an abuse of power. If any body
be responsible for the recent commotions in Sardinia it is
the Government, which never thought of organising the
police or replacing the troeps guilty of insueordinetion.
The Ministry asserts that S ardiuia is infested with secret
societies, whose object is to separate the island from Pied-
mont. The Sardinians are animated with sentiments of
union and fraternity. The disorders and offences, re-
pressed on certain points of the island, have been pro-
duced by want of foresight on the part of the Govern-
ment, by the detestaulo mode of assessing the
taxa?. the obstacles thrown in the way of
industry and trale, and by the apathy of the
constituted authorities. I will never approve
measures of an exceptional character, for they recal to
my mind the period of vice-regal despotism. It would
be preferable, in my opinion, to favour the intellectual,
morel, and civil development of the country. I cense-
'ittently consider that I am fulfilling a duty, in calling
the Ministry to account for suspenuing the effects of the
o
estitutiou in the province of Sassari, without having
been previously authorised to do so by a law."
M. Pernati, Minister of the Interior, replied—
" The etem
of
siege is only a concentration of power,
to provide for extraordinary eases by extraordinary
means. et that
constitutional concentration of power should abrogate
justice and individual
and suppress the guarantees of
antidue.l liberty, it deserves the censure of
Parliament.
to
eO,ll it should respect those rights, and
confine itself
entrate in one hand the civil and
military authorit
ybelonging
the latter doea not to the Executive Power,
the Constitution. Thist:xceed its attributes or violate
opinion is confirmed by the
decree placing Genoa in
of texts which I a state of siege in 1849,
and by a number
might borrow
from French jurisprudence,
yoked the SaN to iieian Deputies icn )I.2"':r twie cone
intention of the Government,ead"ties them: of the
they unanimously
agreed that the measure was ineaspeneatil
Government acted with frankness and e. Thus the
aeriolojialty. A few
weeks before the 24th of February
occurred in the province. A compeny of
reeee7esses had
attacked, and we had anerwards In elm was
have
Sassari. deplore the oc-
currences at Cagliari and it
not yet sufficiently certain data to eleuid:e
_ whence
came the provocation, there is one thing positive
namely, that soldiers were ill-treated, seta,
pa
and one killed. It was consequently evident that there
prevailed in the province 3 spirit of insubordination
which required to be energetically checked. He
tbe
decree establishing the state of siego, of which the
execution is confided to General Durand°. Liberty no
doubt should be respected, but it does not exist when the
Government cannot protect order against all attacks,
from whatever side they come.

M. SURF, who spoke next, said :
" I expected that the Minister of the Interior, in order
to justify the measure, would cite conspiracies, reac-
tionary
intrigues, or demagogic excesses. He adduyed
no such facts. If ordinary offences be sufficient
to justify the proclamation of martial law,
why - not extend it to Ptedment, where such
offences are daily committed? The occurrences at a
masked ball at S
issari were mere individual offences, and
did not constitute a revolt. The Courts of Justice alone
were competent to try them. I consequently propose the
following order of the day :--4 The Chamber, consider-
ing that the Cabinet had no right to deprive the inhabi-
tants of the town and province of Samar' of their consti-
tutional franchises, passes to the order of the day.'
After a few words from M. Asproni, General della
I%rmore, Minister of War, rose and said—
"lt is my duty to refute insinuations tending to repre-
sent the citizzns as having been assaulted by the troops.
A person perfectly worthy of credit, who left Sassari
4,,., the 24th February, certified to the Government that
it was the soldiers who had been ill-treated and me-
naced in their barracks. Officers and soldiers were in-
sulted by the citizens and. the National Guard. Cul-
pa'Jle violence was exercised towards them. A corporal
was wounded by a piatel-shot tired by an advanced sen-
try of the National Guard. The troops behaved with
ge.n,roary aid trogesnimity.,
M. Vitazzi and Al. Decondi
a h
subsequently- vindi-
cated the conduct of ts.e Government. The latter
declared that
the National Guard had dishonoured
its uniform by, becoming an instrument of assassi-
nation. M. Suds protested against those words,
asserting that the shots were not fired by the
National Guard,
but by citizens armed with fowl-
ing-pieces.
its judgment on
ing-pleoes. M. Lione then moved an order of the
day, by which the Chamber reserved
the measures adopted by the Government, but it was
.
not supported. Finally, on the proposition of M.
Gustave de Cavour, the simple order of the day was
put to the vote, and adopted by a considerable majo-
rity. The Assembly after vrard3 atourw,"4

THE SUN,

LORD DERBY.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SIR,7-Can you spare me a small space in your valu-
able, highly-interesting, and most impartial journal. If
ye!,l will venture a few words on the position of the
Ministers and the Opposition. The latter complain—or
would make us believe that they do—that Lord Derby
has not been sufficiently explicit in his explanations.
Has he not been rather too much so for them? It ap-
pears to me that Lord Derby has said, as plain as words
can speak, as clearly, I may say, as A B C, and es cer-
tainly as that two and two make four, that his own indi-
vides! opinion is not in the slightest degree changed as
regards the impolicy of free trade, and I conclude that
he speaks the voice of his party, and the following may,
I think, be considered as a Lair summary of his Lordship's
speeches:—A great experiment has now been going on
in this country for some years, of the impolicy of which
neither I nor my party entertain the smallest doubt.
On the other hand we are well aware that a very large
and influential holy of men who have a majority in both
Houses are of a different opinion, and we are, therefore,
quite aware that it would be impossible, even
it it was advisable, and the wish of the country,
to reverse this system with the present Parliament.
Consequently, as soon as what we consider the necessary
and most important business of the country has been
transacted, we purpose to appeal to and take the sense
of the country; not on the mere question, however, of a
corn-law, but upon the broad principle of protection to
British interests and British industry. As far as re-
gards protection, we do not even in the next Parliament
propose to meddle with it, unless the voice of the coun-
try is expressed most decidedly in its favour, and then
in bringing forward our measures for protection, we most
certainly do not mean to exclude the agricultural interests.
Oa the other hand, again, should the decision of the
country be against us as regards protection, but in our
favour on other matters of hardly less importance, we
propose—not most certainly even then to resign—but to
endeavour to carry out the policy decided upon by the
country, fully and fairly, taking carp that no one parti-
cular interest shall suffer more than, or be sacrificed to
any other; endeavouring to equalize the weight of our
heavy taxation over all branches of industry and all
property equally, whilst at the same time relieving all,
as far as possible, by a strict economy and a steady pur-
pose in our policy. We hope, in short, the great expe-
riment having either passed away or become a fact and
a reality, to guide the nation onward in the path of
glory, and not to be driven forward by a perpetual howl
of discontent.—l am, Sir, your admirer,
FAIR PLAY.

.15
ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.
On Monday evening the usual meeting of the society
was held at the Royal Institution, Albemarle-street. Sir
R. J. Murchison presided. The Earl of Yeralam,
Captain Pullen, and Captain Washington Carr, were
among the new members elected.
Captain BEATS'I,N was introduced by the President,
and read an interesting paper in explanation of the objscts
of the expedition on which he is about to embark in search
of Sir John Franklin and his brave companions. He gave
a minute description of the steamer, the Isabel, 250
tons, in which the search will be performed, the pre-
cautions used to enable the vessel to resist the pres-
sure of the ice, the number of boats, among which
is a life boat, and the general equipments, which are
most complete. He stated that the crew would
consist of twelve persona besides himself', and
provisions were provided for five years, and could
be made to last seven years, if necessary, while abun-
dant ammunition had been supplied by the Board of
Ordnance. His course, on leaving England, will be to
proceed direct to the Straits of Magellan, thence passing
into the Pacific to Callao, and from that point proceed-
ing to Bebring's Straits. Arrived at the ice, Captain
Beatson proposes to posh forward to the north and
west, along the Asiatic shore, and to get to the north as
far as possible this year. As soon as the winter com-
mences he will endeavour to explore to the east and
north-east with sledges. In the event of not
getting so far this year, he intends to winter
as far to the north-west as possible, previous to starting
in the spring. Opportunity will be taken to erect
cairns cn every available cape or hill, in which will be
deposited a bottle containing a notice of his inten-
tions. Every endeavour will be subsequently used to
get to the eastward, but should this be impracticable
on account of the condition of the ice, Captain Beat-
son will make to the north, entertaining, as he does,
the conviction that if Sir John Franklin has arrived
in or about the 150th meriiian, he wouli probably try
to proceed westward in a higher latitude. This course
he proposes to follow year by year, until he deems that
region sufficiently explored, which the missing naviga-
tors are by competent judges believed to have reached.
In conclusion, the captain expressed his hope that he
would be favoured with moral and physical energy to
perform his task ; but should he not be fortunate enough
to meet with traces of Franklin and his crews, he
should at least return with satisfactory proofs of their
not having reached the parts he proposed to survey, and
with the consciousness of having performed his duty.
Thanks were voted to Captain Beatson for his paper,
the President observing that the plan was peculiarly
his own, and that the exhaustive process of search now
in progress would leave no means untried to discover our
missing countrymen. A paper, by Mr. P. L. Simmonds,
On Animal Life in the Arctic Regions," was then read,
which was strongly confirmatory of the views and de-
tails given by Mr. Petermann on the same subject at a
recent meeting.
Some discussion followed, in which Sir Thomas
Phillips, Dr. Truernan, and other members took part,
a very strong opinion heir g generally expressed with
regard to the present safety and ultiina'e discovery of
Franklin and his companions. Adverting to a state-
ment in some of the papers, that Captaia R ty, of
the Ilud,on'a Bay Company, had picked up a portion
of a fi gostaff with the Admiralty mark upon it,
the inference being drawn that it was from the wreck of
one of Franklin's ships, the President expressed a de-
cided opinion, founded ou the last intelligence heard of
the expedition, that this conclusion was wholly errone-
=, an opinion in which he WAS supported by the best
geographers.
A paper was read by Mr. Gassiot, descriptive of his
tr=ivets in Southern Africa, which concluded the business
of the evening.