The Sun.
London, England, 1855-03-01 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, MARCH I,'

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THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.

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The following is from the special correspondent Of the

',7ltCs :

CAMP BErour, SEBASTOPOL, Feb. 13.

It blew half a gale of wind all night, and the rain fell
till 2 o'clock p.m. in the day, but the wind was warm
and the temperature agreeable. The roads are very
heavy, and the country is not easily traversed. The
soil is not so. tenacious, however, as it is when drying up
in fine weather after heavy rains. It is then so sticky
that the whcels of artillery waggons actually " drag" in
it, and the earth accumulates solidly between the spokes.
It need not be said with what difficulty men get over the
ground on foot. As to the condition of the horses, it is
really pitiable. It is now four or five days that our ca-
valry and artillery horses have been without hay, and
that all they have had to eat has been the ration
of barley, and now and then a. little chopped
straw. The reason of this is simple. No hay
has been received by the Commissariat in harbour;
and yet it is stated that Mr. Filder wrote last
September to the authorities at home to state that it
would be absolutely necessary for them to take steps to
send out forage for the horses from England. What is
the result of our mode of doing business ? No hay is
in harbour ; the horses are subjected to heavy work,
without proper food ; and at a recent board the veteri-
nary surgeons condemned no less than 140 horses out of
the Royal Artillery alone ! The diseases of most of
these animals—once fine English horses, the glory and
pride of Woolwich holydays—were simple ; they were
the produce of hard work in carrying up shot and shell,
and of insufficient food. The state of the country has
been so bad that even our active and sanguine allies
were obliged to leave four guns behind them on the re-
cent occasion on which they undertook to arm our right
attack for us.

The mounted staff corps is now reduced to about 28
effectiveP.

The French workmen, however, have made consider-
able progress with the ne cv batteries on our right. On
the left they were exposed to a heavy fire from four till
half-past four o'clock, and the Russians blew up another
French magazine inside the batteries. They at once
opened fire along their lines with six tremendous salvos
of artillery, and rushed up on their parapets and gave
three loud ringing cheers. The damage done by the
explosion was, I am happy to say, very insignificant,
and before the Russians had ceased cheering th French
took their revenge by discharging a tremendous volley
of heavy shells, which burst on the walls of the Admiral's
house, and silenced for a time theguns in No. 3 Battery
at the Flagstaff Fort.
The railway progresses very rapidly, and has now
reached a point 300 yards from the town. The enemy
appears to have abandoned any attempt to annoy the
workmen, and have not put guns on Canrobert's-hill.
As soon as the works are completed, a strong party of
cavalry will be advanced every night into the plain be-
fore Balaklava, to prevent the enemy coming down to
injure the rails.
Two spies were found within our lines last night be-
tween the extreme right and the Russian camp, and.
were brought in this morning.
The French mortar batteries are within 1,300 metres
of the inner batteries of the Russians. A sortie of insig-
nificant strength was made by the garrison last night,
and was repulsed, as usual. The French lost five men
only. The Cossacks on the hills to the N. E. of Bale.k-
lava have nearly disappeared, and there are no indica-
tions that they intend to reoccupy the hills on which it
was supposed the enemy were about to reconstruct re-
doubts. There have been two desertions from our camps
this week. It has been ascertained that the soldier of
the Rifle Brigade who deserted some time ago did not
go over to the enemy, but went away to Malta in a ship,
on board which ho concealed himself. No soldier of that
distinguished corps has ever left its ranks to join the
enemy since the beginning of the campaign.
The utmost teerecy is observed respecting our future
operationq, and much of the information one gleans is
imparted " in confidence," is of a dubious authority, and
is generally of a nature to demand conceahnent. Any
time from " this day week" to " the beginning of April"
may be taken as the period for the re-opening of our
batteries. Strict orders have been issued that artillery
and engineer officers are not to givo information respect-
ing our works to aly one but officers entitled to demand
it, and infantry officers are not allowed to get any de-
tails concerning the works and armaments. These
orders are so stringent timt no officer, unless he bo
known to the sentries, is allowed to go through our
lines above Balaklava ; and the restriction applies even
to naval officers, and to all officers of regiments not ac-
tually stationed on the spot.

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correct in his interpretation of the orders he had con-
veyeyd. Captain Nolan is reported to have replied to
Lord Lucan's demand fur an explanation of the orders
he brought, "that Lord Raglan desired the cavalry to
attack immediately." His lordship commanded Lord
Cardigan to charge, and when that gallant officer re-
monstrated, he was told that, Lord Raglan had given
the order to do so. All these facts were-stated in the:
lett r referred to from Lord Lucan to Lord Raglan ati
the close of November. To that letter Lord Lucan re-
ceived no reply, but he was requested by Lord Raglan,
to.withdraw it, and his lordship refused to do any thing
of the kind. Under these circumstances Lord Raglan
forwarded the letter to the Duke of Newcastle. Ou the
12th of February Lord Raglan sent the Earl of Lucan
copy of a despatch from the Duke of Newcastle, dated
the 26th or 27th of January, in which the Duke, ac-
knowledged the receipt of Lord Raglan's despatch .of
the 16th of December, containing the Earl of Lucan's
letter of November, and stated that he had strength-
ened himself in the opinion he held of the danger
of any misunderstanding between a Commander-in-
Chief of an army and his General of Cavalry by the
advice of Lord Hardinge, and that he had come to
the conclusion that the Earl of Lucan ought to
resign, inasmuch as he would not recall his letter, and
that the contents of it had placed his lordship in a po-
sition which made it desirable on every account that he
should be recalled. Lord Hardinge is declared to have
based his judgment on the fact of Lord Lucan's declin-
ing to recall his letter, and of his lordship's adhering to
the construction of the order he received in the sense
that it forced him to command the charge of cavalry on
the 25th of October, and he therefore recommended the
Queen to approve of his lordship's dismissal from his
post. In a divisional order last night Lord Lucan takes
his farewell of the division, and assures them of his good
wishes and of the interest he takes in their future career.
He paid a farewell visit to General Canrobert yesterday,
but he did not pay his respects to Lord Raglan before
he departed. The noble lord has taken a passage in the
Jason, which sails to-morrow for Constantintple, and he
is accompanied by his son and aide-de-camp, Lord Bing-
ham. The temporary command of the cavalry devolves
upon Major-General Scarlett, Brigadier of the Heavy
Cavalry Brigade. People in England will no doubt
speedily hear the whole facts of this case, and will be
enabled to forma their opinion of its merits, as it is not
probable Lord. Lucan will be many days in England
before he brings the matter before.the House of Peers ;
and it is confidently affirmed that his lordship will in all
certainty demand a court-martial, should his reception
at home be of a character to imply that he has been re-
called for misconduct. .

THURSDAY, FEB. 15.

Last night the wind increased in force; blowing in
strong gusts and squalls, which tore down tents and the
materials for hutting on the heights over Balaklava, and
sent them clattering down the bill. The wind, hot and
drY as one of the warm breezes of the tropics, sucked up
the moisture of the roads as it passed, and the tracks of
deep mud and the waste of earth and water on which
our camp stands are rapidly becoming solid—so rapidly,
indeed, that the effect is little short of magical. It
much resembles the Mediterranean sirocco. The ther-
mometer exposed outside my quarters marks no less than
71 deg. The sky is overcast and lurid, but there are no
clouds visible—the whole atmosphere is of a slaty grey
hue'overhead and on the horizon, but objects at a dis-
tance give well-defined outlines, and are not at all ob-
scure. The wind is very uncertain in force ; at times
the gusts are terrific ; they generally come at intervals
of five or six minutes, and vary in strength at each out-
burst. The general direction of the wind, as far as I
can judge, is from the south-south-east to south-west.
Under its influence, under the strange change of tempe-
rature, the bulbous roots, which seem to abound in the
soil of the Chersonefe, are putting forth shoots with
vigour, and crocuses and hyacinths, some in flower, have
pushed their bitht green leaves above the black surface
of the soil, . and, by their freshness and vividness of co-
lour, afford a strong contrast to the sterile aspect of the
hoof-betrodden ground.
Towards night the violence of the gale abated. The
Field-Marshal came down t Balakla a yesterday and
visited the various public' establishments in the town,
and inspected the progress of the railway. There was
another sortie last night, which the French repulsed
with a loss of 35 killed and wounded and missing. The
Russians lost at least as many in their hasty•retreat.
The works on our right are in splendid order. The roads
have dried so rapidly as to admit of the passage of artil-
lery. The railroad is now Completed for about 200
yards from the town towards Kadikei.
The division of General Bosquet on our right and in
rear of our right flank was reinforced to-day by upwards
of 8,000 men, so that it is quite probable the rumours
we hear of a reconnaissance in force being likely to take
place in a few days under his command are true, and
that the mysterious disappearance of the Russians frem
our roar will be explained and their present position
ascertained. These troops, all of whom are light in-
fantry, marched along the ridge of the plateau in heavy
marching order at half-past 10 o'clock, and took up their
ground on the ridge overlooking the Inkerman valley
and the Tcliernaya ; they were encamped before half-
past 12 o'clock, but many of the tents were blown down
by the wird. The Russians opened a new battery upon
them from the opposite heights, but they did. no da-
mage. I believe this battery may be said to have been
" unmasked," for I am not aware that its existence
had been previously observed. The Russians have thus
established three batteries from Inkerman Light east on
the heights over the Tchernaya towards the south-east,
with the object of annoying our flank, but the distance
is too great, and all their efforts to injure us have
hitherto been abortive.

WEDNESDAY FEE. 14.
pe-
The great topic of conversation and gossip
t clay is
the recall of the Earl of Lucan from the command
of the Cavalry Division. The circumstances under
which this unusual exercise of authority has taken
place are not very accurately known, except to a few
officers to whom Lord Lucan has communicated
them, but the prevailing impression among those who
are likely to be well informed, and whose opinions carry
weight, is certainly to the effect that the step is not jus-
tifiable on the ground set forth for taking it. As far as
I can. ascertain the particulars, tke facts are as follows :
—When Lord Raglan's published despatches respecting
the cavalry action at Balaklava reached the camp
towards the close of last November, the Earl of Lucan
wrote a letter to the Field Marshal commanding the
army, in which lie objected to the term " misconception
of orders" used by Lord Raglan with reference to the
famous charge of the Light Cavalry Brigade on the 25th
of October. It will be remembered that Lord Raglan,
in those despatches, stated that the change wasrsmbetiiin
consequence of some misconception of his orde
li,,ioerutenant-General commanding the Cavalry Division.e
Lord Lucan is said not only to have objectedtoth
use of the term, but to have set forth at length in his
letter the reasons why he felt himself bound to obey the
orders sent to him by Lord Raglan, without exercising
his discretionary power as commander of the division,
which would, he maintains, have amounted to positive
the
disobedience of orders under circumstances of the
case, and would have subjected himself and the cavalry
to very grave suspicions and imputations. As an eye-
witness of the scene I mayhere state my impression
that the Russians had succeeded in carrying off our
guns eut of the Turkish redoubts before Captain Nolan
had well left the plateau and got down to the plain where
the cavalry were stationedlremember Captain Nolan
tighten
stopping a moment tohis horse's girths close to
a group of officers, and saying
tons, "Well, you'll see
us going in for a spin at them at last ;" and that just
before that moment 4I had been looking through my
glass at the Russians drawing our guns away from the
back cf the redoubts, and retiring with them towards the
rear of their lines.
The terms of the order which Captain Nolan carried
to Lord Lucan from Lord Raglan are well known.
" Lord Raglan wishes the cavalry to advance rapidly
to the front, to follow the
en
enemy carrying away the guns.ea ly, and try to prevent the
ay accompany ; French Troop of Horse Artillery
m
Cavalry is on our left.—lm-
mediate. "RICHARD ARMY."
Now, it may bo observed that when this order was
given the enemy had actually, or I am mistaken, accom-
plished a part of that operation which the cavalry were
ordered to try and prevent,
carrying away the guns at and
that they were actually
fog tin' i they would have the time it was issued ; a
completed the whole or very
nearly the whole of the operation before Captain Nolan
could have reached Lord Lucan with the orders in ques-
tion. But, from the position
have been impossible, I think, of the cavalry, it would
nh,
either that the enemy had fur Lord Locale to see
Carried away the guns or
them where they were carrying to ; nor could he have
beheld the masses and disposition of the Russian guns
as a and infantry, inasmuchridge of hills of gentle eleva-
tion ran right in front 01 himl across the valley and plain,
and shielded their position from view. It will be remem-
bered that the Heavy Brigade charged early in the morn-
ing and checked the a,deanee of the Russian cavalry, who
then retired behind that ridge of hills upon their infan-
try and cannon, taking with there the English guns
from the redoubte, and forming
battalions below Tehor,zeu, a,,,,,,
where the
valley is cot tracted by the sides -a-34"ra'
of the mountain ranges
which compress the Teherna into a narrow gorge.
Tin re is a pretty gene' al opinion
Rubll that, had the Light
Cavalry Brigade cl:arged. the •bsian eava.ry as they re-.
tired, all broken and discomfited
of the severe overthroW
they hal met with at the handssp the Heavy Brigade,
they might have broken them utterly, and might even
hue saved our guns ; but tho latter part of this conjec-
ture is very problematical, for the
ussian artillery were
then in possession.of the redoubts,''but and could have in.:
flicted severe loss on our small
,i Light Light Cavalry.
It is believed, however, that th
have acted on that occasion ; and
.iitoilt Brioie should
mcits further affirmed
that the Heavy Brigade did not su
all d that
b' ;lit' 3'should follow
uapt allils
success in the first charge,
.Bri,aydernore forward
events, have been pushed coesidere
a handful of infantry on on the field—
afterwards. When the Heavy charged the
enemy we had only
the odd Highlanders—who were
Rus-iene at all, fur their cavalry nevelt- came"arged by
the
fore
500
- yards of the, place whence issued that roll'
si3divisior!,
e,re of mus-
ketry. Subiequently, the Duke of Can bridge's
and advanced Sir George Cathcart 's division, and General otquet s
divi3ion debouched into the plain,
up to the line of redoubts, where they halted nearly,/
down. It was expected at the time that theraenveloulaid
leofenemy,
intds
made by
us
unPouthaint;
have been an advance
drive them out of the valley, but.
took place, and when Lord buy
ordered the brigade.
to charge they were not supported by any advance
the part of the infantry, and only the Scotch Greysame on
the Royals, and the Oth troop of
Royal H and
the Artillery,
then ' commanded by Captain Shakespeare (as Major
Maude ha l been wounded early in the day), were moved
up to assist them in their desperate venture. The Heavy
Cavalry, in some measure, protected and covered the
retreat of the survivors of the Light Brigade, but Cap-
tain
Shekespeare, with considerable judgment, halted
his troop when he saw the real position of affairs, and
probably saved the gun 3 of' his troop by doing so.
Had the Light Brigade been supported by a strong
body of heavy horse, and by infantry and field ar-
tillery, they would have most likely saved our guns, and
would very certainly have taken a number of the inns of -
the enemy, but the success pined by their unequalled
bravery was evanescent, as is the success of all cavalry
. NAVAL ' ' 0 FICUS WM IV
F 0 8 PENSIONS. —The following
• charges—they were unsupported ; every one knows the
pensions are granted to widows of naval officers :L-•Mrs.
result. Lord Lucan finds, it is said, in these circum- Frlte,. the widow of Captain Foote, who was drowned
• stances strong grounds of defence in clearing himself from
nwlezri ehienecommand of the Conflict, in the Baltic last sum-
any charge of indiscretion in commanding Lord Cardi- been granted a pension of 1301. a year ; while
gan to carry out Lord Raglan's written olden,. He the 'widow of Captain Giffayd, who died from ,wounds
relies en the circumstance that the cavalry were drawn he r •
eceived when he lost the Tiger, has had. 8
up to support a regular seivance of infantry, to show 2001. aea 1 a pehsion of
TLeion erred upon her. Mrs. Carrington, mother
that Le had reason to believe the cavalry would be . as- of the late3T d out. E. M. C. Carrington, who was' killed
sisted iu their movement by the infantry in the plain! in coin,
command of the boats of the Odin, at Gaenla Ca
and he is understood to have
.urged the fact on Lord the widowm
of Mr. Peddie, late surgeon of the Tre‘ebY ;
Raglan, that when he hesitated to execute the order,. the rror •
widow Mr. Staeley, surgeon of the
Captain Nolan used language which left him no alter- 1
of Mr. Osueer, paymasterofthat Erebus ;and
ship, have been
~. native but. to obey, 153 it fi;is . but ,natural to suppose an. pensions I g
e , 94,per.anuum. The widows granted
officer of the Quartermaster-Generals staff would be Masters, - •
asters, M.essra. illauliey flel Reid, _
__ of the Ice
60/. a year. • - .