The Sun.
London, England, 1852-10-04 00:00:00

WEST CUMBERLAND AGRICULTURAL
SOCIETY. •

The annual meeting of this society took place at
Whirehaven, on Thursday last. The show of stock,
implements' and produce, was considered, in ail re-
spects, satisfactory.
After the show a dinner was held at the Globe
Hotel, and was numerously attended. The Earl of
Lonsdale was in the chair, supported by Captain
Lowther and Mr. Irton, the members for West Cum-
berland, and other gentleinen. Mr. Brisco occupied
the vice chair.

The loyal toasts having been drunk,
The Earl of LONSDALE then said, the next toast I
have to propose is "The Army and Navy."—(Cheers.)
There is an event that has recently occurred which I
cannot on this occasion pass over in silence—it is a
melancholy fact—the loss, the death of the Dako of
Wellington. No country, I believe, has ever possessed
a general who has attained to such a reputation and
enjoyed such wide-extended confidence in his own
country.—(Cheeri.) The eyes, not only of England,
but of Europe, have been upon him for the last
half-century, owing to the very distinguished services
which he has rendered in the East Indies up to the
present time. His cereer has been not less re-
markable for the success which attended it than for
the continued and ever increasing respect which it
geve him, not only for his military but for his
political services. He hes rivalled all the generals
that have ever passed in the history of the world. His
skill and his prudence have been remarkable. With-
out the drawbacks end weaknesses of other great
commanders, he has been the safeguard of the consti-
tution of England, end her protection from without.
No one was more respected for his talent and deci-
sion of character. He raised himself to the most
conspicuous position in spite of extraordinary diffi-
culties, and I believe that his name will live among
men as long as the history of this country is known
on the earth.—(Cheers.) There can be no English-
man who does not heartily respect the memory of
that eminent man who has so lately gone from among
ns.—(Cheere.) Gentlemen, I beg leave to give you
the " Army and Navy ".—bearing in mind theee re-
collections of the Duke of Wellington. The Noble
Earl concluded by coupling the toast with the name
of Dr; James Barry, army physician.
Dr. Eaaay responded for the army, and Captain
PEW on behalf of the navy.
Mr. IRTOIC, M.P., gave " The Health of the Earl
of Lonadale, Lord Lieutenant of the County.—
(Cheers.) On the present occasion they had to view
him as an agriculturist. The great improvements he
had effected on his land, particularly in the matter of
draininz, afforded a noble example to all parties in
this country.

The Earl of LONSDALE replied. He said—l feel
flattered by the complimentary remarks of my friend
Mr. Irton—flattered, indeed, that my health should
be drunk as an agriculturist.—(Cheers.) With all
respet for the Queen, whose commission I hold, lum
very glad on an occasion like the present to be recog-
nised in an agricultural nhareeter.• I felt something
refreshing td-dey in reviewing the show-field while
at the stock, and also at some of the produce.
A relief I assure you it was from the study of the
dry deteils of the official papers I have had to super-
intend es regards the approach of the cholera and va-
rious matters of education.- Agricultural matters I
feel quite pleasing and refreshing.—(Cheers.) Hove-
ever,- speaking of agriculture, "think we in the north
of England have to think ourselves fortunate - that our.
crops are considerably better or more profitable, or
that there is nothing to complain des compared with
results this year in the south. I • understand that
here the hay - vvas en average- crop, that there is
nothing to coniplain of as regards the grain—that
the turnips are very promising, and that•the only cloud
among tie is as regards the potato: s. We have a great
many fancies—a great deal said about agriculture at the
present time. I do not" mean to speck lohelly ; but
generally throughout EnglatO, there tire two classes
of farmers—one class who true!: to 'what nature will
give them withont much cultivation, and another
composed of enthusiastic and fenciful expectants, who
say that they will even g.row turnipst off a deal board.
—(Laughter.) Between the two, however, there is
a middle come to pursue, which le that of common
sense.—(Cheers and continued laughter.) .We all
know that land responds and answers to a certain de•
gree the prins of cultivation. If we duly assist nature
she will be productive; and without entering into the
visionary views of those persons who coincide with a
rev. gentleman who stated that he could grow tur-
nips on a deal board, but which by the way was only
applicable with his own manure—(Laughter)—with•
out entering into such views, I believe there is an
intermediate course, and by exercising vigilance
end assisting nature, by discharging the lend of
its cold, chilly water, and of it's weeds—l believe
that then a fair crop Trey be expected at a reasonable
coat. The prudent course to pursue will be that of
encouraging nature, and in this way encouraging the
natural increase of fertility in the soil. The true
science of developing the fertility' of the soil is to

assist nature, because we all have to come to nature at
13St.—(Hear, hear.) In ibis part of the country, we
cannot, perhaps, grow some kinds of grain—we can-
not grow some descriptions of white crops to the same
advantage as they do in the southern counties. We
have not the same force of the sun, and no art can give
us that ; but we have, from the moisture of the soil,
and likewise by the proper and efficient application of
manure, the power of growing the best green crops in
the United Kingdom.—(Cheers.) I will be bound
that, take ten miles of country about Whitehaven and
you will find that no ten miles of country in the king-
dom can show the same quality of green crops which
I have seen here.—(Cheers.) 'Really, gentlemen,
these are the products to be encouraged, for, under
the circumstances in which we are placed it may not
be so advantageous to grow wheat; but if we look to
the markets and consumption of the country—if we
look to the exports of the country, there seems to be
no limit to the demand for mutton and wool. There-
fore, though the farmer formerly gained by his wheat
crops, there is at present an appearance that he may
attain the same advantage by another road.—(Cheers.)
I shall have other opportunities of saying something
upon other subjects, and shall only now return you
my thanks for the honour you have done me in drink-
ing my health ra lord-lieutenant of the county, as an
agriculturist, on the present occasion.— (Applause.) i
The Earl of LONSDALE then gave "The Bishop and
Clergy of the Diocese."—(Cheers.)
The Rev. Canon PAElfulsox, in returning thanks,
assured the meeting of the interest which the clergy
felt in the prosperity of agriculture. lie condemned
the practice of the half-yearly hiring of male- and
female servants, and recommended the adoption of
the system of a month's warning or a month's wages,
The VICE CHAIIIMAN propos( 1 "The Health of the
Members for tlaj Western Division of the County."
The east had chosen Free4.radere, and the west had
returned Protectionists. This difference he attributed
to the difference in the soil of the two divisions. The
east was much better adapted for the heavy produc-
tion of wheat at less coat than the west. The west
was best adapted for barley, grass, and tuenip culti-
vation. He gave "The Members for West Cum-
berland.—(Cheers.)
Captain LowTHER, M.P , bi:efly acknowledged the
compliment. _ _ _ _

Mr. IRToN, M.P., in returning thanks, remarked
that in many parts of this country the cultivation of
wheat was more general than beneficial. In many
cases where a crop of wheat was taken it would be
much better if a crop of oats succeeded. We had
here a less portion of sun, and could not produce that
quantity of wheat which they did in the south.—
(Hear.) Then there existed a too extensive use of
guano. Nobody had benefited more from guano than
he had, but he was afraid that its application was,
generally speaking, too extensive. Ho recommended
that guano should be used mixed with farmyard ma-
nure. Mr. Brisco had been kind enough to propose
his health as a Protectionist.—(Hear.) He w6ul.d
be sorry on such an occasion to enter on any political
question. He knew not what proposition, if any,
the Government might intend to make for the relief
of agriculture.—(Hear.) Of this, however, he had
now a very strong opinion, that in the feeling and
temper of the present times, it was not expedient for
Government to propose such a duty as would, from
its amount, prove of beneficial effect to the farmers in
general.
The Earl of LONSDALEI-1 have now another
toast to give, and after that we shall enter
on the business of the evening. The list
of awards will then he rend. From my
experience at these meetings. I find it has been
customary to driak " Success to the West Cumber-
land Agricultural Society."—(Cheers.) In pro-
posing that toast, it is usual to make some introduc •
tory observations. In reading over the account of
what took place at Carlisle and in Penrith, I think
that these have been two most instructive meetings,
as to the truth of what was asserted at those places.—
(Hear, hear.) There were certainly two eminent
and distinguished men at Carlisle—the Earl of Car-
lisle and Sir James Graham.—(Cheers.) The policy
of draining and of deep draining was fully admitted
by the Earl of Carlisle, who employs the same engi-
neer that I do—namely,
Mr. Parkes, for as to drain-
ing, it is only an engineer that understands it. And
Sir James Graham avowed that ho had begun as a
shallow drainer—(Laughter)—but ha thinks from
experience, that the deeper deainirea t' is the only
draining that will do. In matters of improvement.
the ack COME'S from the neighbours of the par-
ties Your improvements are always looked
first att
improving.
at by them on the black side. After the avowal of
the Earl of Carlisle and Sir James Gra-
ham as to the effezts of deep draining, I
look at the question as settled. After all the little
spites, and criticisms, and old fashions, your eighteen
inch draining is all banished—all buried in oblivion.
—(Cheers and laughter.) Drains of two feet and
two feet three and three feet, have had their day.
The 110„Airs have gradually gone up step by atop, end ,
I think that hereAtter drains of fecin for to six feet

will only be advocated, so that body of the water
may be taken from the roots of the plants. At Pen-
rith
the subject of feral-yard. manure was touched
en. Now, I look upon that as the real and substan-
tial suppert of a farm, as the greater quantity of
ferm-yerd manure the termer can make the better.
As was very justly observed, guano suits a grain
crop. It brings bad uncultivated land forward
quicker than any other description of manure will
do, but the farm-yard manure is the assemblage of
all kinds of what Lord Palmerston said very pro-
perly was dirt in its right place.—(Laughter:)
There is in it animal, vegetable, liquid, and solid
manure brought together, and it is what stimulates,
and nourishes, and brings forth the greatest amount
of sustenance to the vegetable kingdom. It is that
on which a farm chiefly relies, or ought to rely.
With respect to guano, it is exceedingly valuable,
especially on the tops of our hills, where other
manure is difficult and expensive to be carted.
It is a substitute, but it is not the real
solid nutriment of the land, which farm-
yard manure certainty is ; and I should recommend,
speaking generally, where you see on farms dung
heaps, with the liquid manure running away to the
gutters, that the greatest care should be taken to pre-
serve it. I will say that no one here despises more
than Ido ail those visionary ideas put forth by the
Board of Health as to the sewage of Whitehaven being
worth 9,000/. a year, when I see in the Times of this
day that they make a triumph of disposing of the
sewage of Richmond for 10e. a year.—(Laughter.)
Now, Richmond is a town nearly as large as this. It
has from 14,000 to 15,000 inhabituts, and if any
one will consult the Times of this day they will see it
is made a subject of triumph that a person has agreed
to dispose of the sewage of Richmond for 10e. per
annum. The real substantial old English view by
which I would estimate the ability and willingness of
a farmer is the largeness of his manure heap pro-
duced by his own stock—it is the gathering together
of all manure of his cattle—all the rubbish or dirt
about his place into his general farm-yard heap;
and this, I believe, will do more good to the
land, and keep up batter ids capabilities of yield—keep
up the quality and quantity of the productions of his
farm better than anything else in the shape of manure.
To be sure we speak of guano as a certainty ; but I
think it is a very uncertain article. We have had the
advantage of getting it in abundance of late years, but
recently disputes have arisen about these distant
islands of the Pacific, and there is also some dispute
about the quantity these islands can produce. We
must look into all these matters ; and it would be
well for all farmers to calculate against passing events,
and rely to a certain degree upon manure of their
own manufacture. This brings me further to say
that, as regards the manufacture of manure, a great
desideratum would be to have all your stock in a
narrow compass, so that the manure might he col-
lected. When fed at home the cattle are in
better health than when they are allowed to
stray over large fields, where they get a por-
tion of all kinds of feeding. We know than no
lend of an inferior quality, either light, or clayey,
or wet, can produce sufficient artificial grass
to keep a large stock at home. There are circum-
stances which have arisen from my observations from
which some may dissent ; but I think it right on this
occiesion to express my opinion, with the little expe-
rience I have had on these questions. It is proper
that I should do so at this meeting of the West Cum-
berland Society, in which I have naturally so deep an
interest, and I may add that if any one can point: out
to me nay improvement, I shall be happy to adopt it.
I entirely agree with the observations of Mr. Parkinson
upon the labourers of this county, and in proof of it,
upon my legs this tithe last year (although I did not
then take such an enlarged view of the subject as Mr.
Parkinson) I observed with regard to the list of
prizes to be given to labourers who had lived the
longest in their places, I was serry to see so limited a
sum appropriated to the industrious labourers and
labourers of good character. I pledged myself then
to add 101, to it; but I find that by some omis-
sion or other, or by some want of attention on the
part of the committee, it has been entirely forgotten.
I offered the 101., and I thought my word was as
good as a letter; but I see there is :still only the li-
mited amounts of about 71. or 101. given to the indus •
trious labourers of good character, And I mention
this to remind the committee against another year
that lost year I pledged myself to give 101.—(Cheers.)
I agree with Mr. Parkinson, that it is desirable to
put an end to the injurious system which at present
exists of six months' hiring:. lam sure we all agree
that it would.be more beneficial to the state of the
county if the servants should be hired for a much
longer period, so that they might really have a home,
and not be continual traveller:: as they are at present.
A number of other toasts, customary on such occa-
sions, followed, after which the company broke up.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
CLERKENWLLL.

Mrs. Susan Kcal, the wife of a gentleman residing
at 27, Culford-road, 'slingLon, was re-examined on
the charge of hating eauzed the death of Mary Mar-
garet Ann Jones.
Mr. llobler conducted the defence.

A daughter of the deceased had been suddenly dis-
charged from the service of Mr. Ideal, and the mother
went to inquire the cause ; and it is alleged that an
altercation took place, and that the prisoner pushed
her down a flight of steps into au area, where she re-
ceived injuries causing her death in St. Bartholomew's
Hospital, where an inquest was held on the body on
Friday last; but no verdict was arrived at, the jury
disagreeing, and being discharged.
Mr. TvawniTT observed that it was a melancholy
and strange affair, which he should refer to a higher
tribunal, and he committed the prisoner for trial at
the Old Bailey.

THAMES.
. private in the 2d battalion of Coldstream Guards
was charged before Mr. Yardley with sending a
scurrilous and threatening letter to Lady Dyke, of
Lullingtou Castle, Kent.
Mr. ;jay ward, solicitor, of Dartford, appared to
proaecute•
It appeared that the prisoner's wife had been wet
nurse in Lady Dyke's service for four or five months
past. Oa the 9th ult. prisoner called at Lullington
castle:and conducted himself in a most violent manner,
and w °bilged to be removed by the butler. Since
as
then the prisoner had written letters to his wife and
others, and on the 29th ult. the one which formed the
subject of this prosecution was received by Lndy Dyke
herself.
Mr. Hayward handed the letter to the Llagietrate.
Mr. yaturd,ry having perused it, seid the letter was
a long one, and had evidently been written under
st7ong feelings.
The principal threats were the following:-
4, if Illy wito is not bore soon there will be bloodshed,
and, by Heaven, thouga I am a noldier, I will have re-
venge, though my life shall be the forfeit; I will get a
brace of pistols
and come for mywife, and then those
'tat dare to kop her from me I will revenge on."
The remainder id the letter consisted of a tirade of
abuse and invectives egainat Mrs. Chap Man, the head
nurse, Mrs. Martin, the housekeeper, and the butler
who had removed him from the house.
The prisoner in angwer to the charge said he bad
done all he could during his wife's confinement to
make her comfortable as far as his means allowed,
but he found that
she bad left the house, and accepted
the situation of wet-nurse in Lady Dyke's family.
He wrote her several letters, but they were not an-
swered, sand wishing to obtain information about his
child, he went to Lullington Castle to see his wife,
and directly be saw her he was forcibly ejected by
the butler and another man, and was struck by
the butler, who threatened to put him in the fish-
pond. He afterwards found the child was in the vil-
lage near the castle, and that it bad been grossly
neglected, its flesh being like raw beef, and if he had
not removed it the poor little infant must have died.
w
Mr. YARDLEY asked birohere the child now was?
The prisoner replied in Kent-street, Southwark ; and
appealed to the magistrate to do him justice, and not
allow him to be crushed by rich and titled people.
Mr. YARDLEY said the prisoner should have jus-
tice done him, and in this country no rich or titled
persons could oppress the poor mare The letter he
had written was an improper one to be sent to any
person, but if the prisoner's story was true, that he.
had been prevented seeing his wife by order of her
mistress, and that his child was nearly starved to
death, it would make a material difference in his de-
ciding the case.
The prisoner was then remanded till Monday for
the attendance of the wife and other witnesses from
Kent, and also the child.

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Accounts from Cataro state that a water-spout,
which broke over the district, has committed great ravages.
The fields are inundated, any?the streams have o'er'
ii4W94 then bwo,