The Sun.
London, England, 1864-08-20 00:00:00

Course of Exehange,—Yesterday,

Amsterdam
Ditto
Rotterdam ... —. 12 11 12 lf
Antwerp
Brusse15....
Hamburgh
Paris
Ditto
Marseilles — 25 65 25 73
Frankfort on Maine — 120} 120 k
Vienna
Trieste
Petersburgh
Berlin —
Madrid
Cadiz — 48 48/
Leghorn — 2,5 75 25 80
Milan — 25 80 25 85
Genoa — 25 75 25 821
Naples .. — 2,5 80 2,5 85
Palermo — 2,5 80 25 85
Messina — 25 80 25 85
Lisbon
Oporto
Foreign Gold in Bars (Standard) ..per oz., £3 17 9
Silver in Bars (Standard).. 0 5 2

TRADE OF NASSAU.—The Governor of the Baha-
mas tastes, in his annual report to the Colonial-
office, that the imports into Nassau rose from £274,581 in
value, in 1861, to £1,250,322 in 1862 ; and the exports from
£195,584 to £1,007,755. This is attributable to the impor-
tant part which this harbour has played as an entrepot of
English goods destined for the ports of the Confederate
States. The contiguity of Nassau to Charleston and Wil.
mington has made it, he says, a kind of outport for Liver-
pool, Cardiff, and Glasgow; and a commerce with the
Southern belligerents, which could not have been carried
on at all directly between European and American ports,
has been prosecuted through the supplementary aid of this
small and, until recently, obscure harbour, The exports
comprised brandy and other spirits, tea, coffee, salted meat,
oils, textile fabrics,drugs, earthen and hardware (£278,036),
gunpowder (£8,336 kegs), lead (2,836 cwt.) quicksilver,
leathern goods, &c. Although half the vessels' which
attempted to run the blockade in the last six mouths
of 1862 were captured, the profits of the trade were so great
that some storekeepers who took shares in the vessels and
their cargoes doubled their capital in the year. The lower
classes of labourers in Nassau have obtained 1 dol. a day
for unskilled work, and 2 dole. for night work. All the
stevedores, draymen, and labourers belong to the coloured
population, but they have shown no unwillingne es to en-
gage in the service of persons interested in the Southern
trade. The demand for clerks was very great; t'ne members
of the bar profited by the impetus given to con. imerce; and,
says the governor, the dealers in dry gcods, triany of whom
are '\Vesleyans, have found their advantage in the taste for
expensive finery which, among several of tiro bettor-looking
of the young women of the middle and 'Ao,,ver classes, has
been encouraged and gratified by the generosity of their
devoted, though transitory, admirers. Cowman dens and
pilots of vessels engaged in running the blacks de have, in
some instances, been paid as much as £I,OOO s, month. The
wages of domestic servants have doubled; Food has greatly
risen in price ; warehouses and offices have been rented for
an annual sum not very much less than wh at was their full
purchasing price five years ago. All pert ohs have profited
by the change except Government °Mei
has to state that his official salary bras been barely equal n
to his expenditure. Nor has the 1,1
• c revenue risen, the
Legislature, being reluctant to ir Apose duties on goods in
tramitu. ale; the governor

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All articles are marked the lowest prices in plain figures.
Any article not approved of will be exchanged, or the money
returned. _ _ .

List of Prices with Rules for Self-measurement, Fashion
Card, and our new pamphlet, "The Tercentenary; or, The
Three Flunuredth Bis thday of William Shakespeare," gratis
"Nid post free.

COALS.—The LII,LESHALL COMPANY'S
COALS.
Pirect from their own Collieries.
Marquis'. 23s. per ton. I Double.. 20s. per ton.
Top 225. „ Deep ....215. „
Well screened and delivered within live miles of their De-
pots, Westbourne Park-road, W., and 17, South Wharf,
Paddington, W., and Maiden-lane, N.
Best Coke lss. per chaldron.

Terms cash.
JOHN EiCOTT, Sole Lg2nt.

HE THIRD EDITION OF "'THE SUN,"
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CAA be had Every Evening of
G. L. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT,

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THE LATEST EDITION of " THE SUN'
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HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tate De:sr.—Morning, 43m.—Afterzoon, 4h. 10m,
ro.moßaow.-Morning, 4h. 30m.—Afternoon, 4h. 52m,

t
szigt mcr-444::siopi

LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 20, 1864,

L3rd STANLEY'S speeches are always worth read-
ing Whatever may be tha topic with which he
deals, and accordingly his address to the Lancashire
farmers is not likely to be passed over without some
attention. At this season of the year, indeed,
agriculture holds a prominent place ; the harvest
operations are watched with an interest common to
all alike, and the state of the crops, the effect of the
weather, and the probable results of the harvest,
are everywhere the chief subjects of thought and
discussion. At one time agriculture was left to
those concerned in it, and very few persons troubled
themselves about the processes by which the powers
of nature were evoked on behalf of man. Of late
years, however, thanks to the application of steam
to farm machinery, the spread of chemical know-
ledge, and the general diffusion of scientific informa-
tion, a great number of persons are interested in
the discussion of agricultural questions, and are
aLle to understand something of the operations of
the farmer. The Ormskirk and Southport Agri.'
cultural Society, at whose annual meeting Lord
STANLEY presided on -Wednesday last, is one of
those associations which have undoubtedly done
much to effect this desirable result by bring-
ing agriculture more on a level with the other
operations of tae times, by encouraging enterprise
and invention as applied on its behalf, and by
showing those who formerly looked upon it with
teomething like contempt that it is fully as capable
of profiting by the great discoveries of modern
science and their applications by modern
ingenuity as any other art or profession.
It is true that the Southport society is only a small
local association not to be mentioned in importance
with the larger agricultural societies. Its value,
both as to the encouragement of the best modes of
farming,and a-, representing the popular sentiment,
is by no means lessened by this fact. The most
comprehensive and stately societies must have a
beginning, and therefore it is impossible to foretell
t° 'what ultimate dignity the Southport society may
eventually rise, but at present it is rather interest•
in
g as an evidence of the increasing degree of in-
telligence and enterprise among agriculturists even
in retired placer, So long as farm ors set their faces
against all improvements and refuse to hear of in. I
novations, however beneficial in character, little
could be done by shows and associations of any kind;
but now when prejudice is so much done away with k
each may prcfit by the experience of the other, and
exhibitions of the different crops and farming stock
may induce the lookers-on to examine into the
principles whose application has produced the best
results- Lord STANLEY did not hesitate to express
his opinion that farming in Lancashire was not, on
the average, what it ought to be. For this back.
.wardness he assigned three reasons. The with-
draws,/ of capital and energy by the manufacturers
of the district; the profit derived from coal and
building land by the landlords, which renders them
caraparatively indifferent to agricultural ope-
l'ationa; and also the prejudice felt in many

quarters against the soil and climate of
Lancashire. This impression Lord STANLEY
endeavoured to combat, admitting that the
climate was colder and the soil damper than in
the southern counties, that the sea wind was hurt-
ful, and that the nature of the ground demanded
deep, and therefore costly drainage, but contending
that there were great advantages to counterbalance
these drawbacks. The freedom from drought was
a recommendation which could be strongly enforced
at the present time when most parts of England
have suffered so much from want of rain, while the
other advantages spoken of by the noble lord are
independent of season or temperature. Lancashire
farmers have, he says, more capital at their doors
than any other county but Middlesex, They have
more and better machinery ; they have skilled
labour and cheap coal. They have also ready
markets for their produce in the great towns, we
might rather say cities of the country, and he
locks forward to the time when the utilisation of
sewage will increase the advantage to be derived
for their vicinity. Farming, in order to be carried
on efficiently, says Lord STANLEY, requires both
capital and training, and he is anxious that this
fact should be impressed upon both landlords and
tenants in Lancashire. It was scarcely likely that
he would, in discussing the subject, pass over the
important general questions of the size of holdings
and the granting of leases. On these points Lord
STANLEY is, as usual, to be found on the side of
equity and liberality. He believes that it would be
socially injurious, and not economically necessary
to absorb all the small holdings into a few large
farms. A farm of moderate size can, in his opinion,
be worked with all the appliances of moderee
skill and science, provided the farmer possesses the
requisite knowledge, and that he will combine with
his neighbours to obtain those costly improvements
which might be beyond his individual reach. This
idea of combination was suggested some time since,
and it affurds a happy solution of the difficulty
which previously Giisted. There is no doubt as
time goes on that the expensive implements re-
cently introduced will be more and more largely
used by the great farmers, so that, if the smaller
proprietors are unable to obtain them, they will be
left quite out of the field, and their competition will
become comparatively useless. By a combination
of two or three neighbours, however, the obstacles
in the way of the small farmer are removed, and he
is free to enter on the race with the same advan-
tages as the capitalist. With regard to the question
of leases, Lord STANLEY argues, very justly, that
every good tenant has a right to a lease, and can
only be expected to take an interest in the property
and spend money in improving it, when such is the
case. If a tenant is expected to lay out money on
his farm, it is simply, he says, a business precau-
tion to insist upon having the security of a lease,
On Lord DERBY'S estate, leases are only withheld
in exceptional cases ; and Lord STANLEY, who has,
therefore, had some experience of the practical ap•
lication of his theory, considers that, were the grant-
ing of leases the general rule, and were they more
simple in their construction, great advantages
would result. The noble lord touched upon other

topics connected with the business in hand, and
congratulated the members of the society on the
success of their association:

Mr. ROEBUCK is certainly a very ingenious man,
and whatever he undertakes, however difficult it
may be to discourse upon, he generally contrives to
make something effective of cue way or another.
His speech at Sheffield the other day was a very
singular one, and in its way was as peculiar as any
that ho has ever uttered. He bad a very bad case
to advocate, for he endeavoured to prove that the
present do-nothing Parliament had in reality
effected a great deal. Even his zeal and ability
failed to do this with any great amount of succe:,s,
and the more calmly the topic is considered the
more will it appear that the notion is a very falla-
cious one. When we are told that this present Par-
liament was appointed to watch aver the interests
and welfare of the people of England, we must feel
that the mission has not been accomplished, and
that, above all, the honour of the country has not
been in safe keeping. Mr. ROEBUCK was more
successful in his attempt to point out the happy
position which England holds in distinction to
other less favoured lands, where there is no free
speech, and where reforms have not held sway-
" Thrones have tumbled down, empires have been
destroyed, the model Republic has been rent in
twain, but England stands secure in her greatness,
and dares the world to oppose her onward progress.
It cannot be denied, however, that neither the pre-
sent Parliament nor the present Ministry can lay
claim to any share in the national greatness, for
they have done nothing to extend the renown or
reputation we have enjoyed as being freedom's
champion and oppression's dread. All the steps
that have been taken were retrogade ones, and
the result is that the character of the country
has been sullied in the eyes of foreign Powers.
Mr. ROEBUCK'S remarks are really very tantalising,
for he sets out by giving expression to one or two
things that are safe and sure to meet with general
attention and the popular applause, and then he
turns round and argues against himself, as it were,
all the circumlocution ending in the discovery that
the Government has taken its cue from Parliament,
and the Parliament from the people_ Such a line
of argument cannot be based on very valid grounds
of supposition, and it is strange to think that a man
who took such a prescient view of matters can thus
be persuaded to go over to the wrong side. He was,
he tells us, in favour of three things which the Ca-
binet did not take up, and although he thought
them wrong he now thinks they were right in
their reticent policy, and, moreover, he believes that
this do-nothing course has been satisfactory to the
nation at large. It must strike all who hear this
that second thoughts are not the best. There is no
evidence that LorkPaLmEitsTort's policy is popu-
lar, and the general result of the elections would
show quite the contrary. Mr. ROEBUCK took a
bold and comprehensive view of public questions at
home and abroad, and had his desires been fulfilled
in their original form there is no doubt that we
should now be much better off in every respect. In
the first place, in regard to the American War, had
we recognised the Confederate States, it would long
ere this have concluded that fearful contest, and
saved our own people great suffering and privation.
It by no means follows that the Federals would have
gone to war with us, and ifthey had done so they would
soon have had enough of it. As for Denmark, that
is a lasting disgrace to an administration. Mr.
RoEßycie's decided expression must satisfy the
most exacting when he says—" I thought Denmark
( was oppressed by the bandit Powers of Germany,
and I would have sent the English fleet to defend
her." That is all very well, but not when the hon.
and learned member goes on to state that the shame
I the proceeding rests with the people of Eng-
I and.rHad Lord PALMERSTON declared war for
t he Danes, he would have been warmly supported,
a. nd it is a useless endeavour to cast the burden of
hi s errors, and the consequences of his shortcomings
on others. It is very well for Mr ROEBUCK to say
the t the " cue was taken from the people of Eng-
lent 1," but such en assertion is a false one. It may
be Ai iked, what was the member for Sheffield about
himat If when he voted for the Gov,:t taunt at the

division on the vote of want of confidence. This
is the great mistake that is constantly being made
by professed and determined Liberals ; they speak
strongly and forcibly upon many important topics,
their language is convincing at public meetings,
and their eloquence wakes up the House; but they
go no farther. When the tug of war comes on,
they fall back and almost invariably support the
Administration, whose faults and follies they are
so willing and competent to denounce. If the in.
dependent members would be a little more decided,
it would be a very good thing for their own repu-
tation and consistency, and for the benefit of the
country also. It is a great encouragement to Mi-
nisters to act with impunity, if they believe that
whatever they do they will be supported at
a crisis. The sooner these time-serving po-
liticians learn the error of their ways, the
better it will be, and it seems a pity that
their constituents do not tell them more fully and
frequently of their shuffling conduct. If we are
to follow the line of policy professed by Mr. ROE-
BUCK to be the safest, and constantly certain when
anything momentous arises, that " we are to do
nothing to risk the danger of a war," then we
shall very soon fall from our high estate, and lose
the prestige we possess. It was not by such a tame
and cowardly course that our fame was won, and,
certainly, it will not be by the pursuance of such a
plan that it will be maintained. Mr. ROEBUCK eOne
eluded by impressively remarking upon the singular
prosperity which this nation has enjoyed, and de-
clared that he sometimes felt superstitious like that
heathen who trembled lest the gods should become
jealous of his good fortune. But the moral he
deduced from this seems a strange one. We are
.so favoured that we ought to be cautious how we
ese7e lest a change may distort our prosperity.
Such a time-serving policy will not and cannot
answer; and it is not the way to deserve prosperity
to shun all rosponsibility and evade all risks. If
3 great amount of power and influence be en 3
trusted to a particular people, they have no right
to hide their light under a bushel, for fear of the
consequences of putting themselves forward. Such
a course of proceeding ie unworthy of our position,
signally ungrateful to that PROVIDENCE which has
so favoured us, and showered abundant blessings
on our land. The great orators of old incited their
hearers to great and glorious works, but the
mighty are fallen in our day if our rhetoricians
of note seek to follow the dietetes of a grovelling
policy le.hich is selfish in the extreme, and leaves
he weak to become a prey to the strong.