The Sun.
London, England, 1852-08-23 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON,

SPORTING NOTES.

No. COXC.

THE EGITANI MEETING.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Sin,—TOe majority of the stakes at this meeting
holden on the famed linnumede do not chse until this
evening. The list shows live races for Tuesday, and the
same number for Wednesday; four out of these only
have yet closed.
- The Surrey and Middlesex Stakes, two miles 220
yards, ought to be carried off by HESSE HOMBURG; but
if it shcutd not be thought by the Captain worth run-
ning for, BILBERRY will, in :all probability, secure the
stkes.

The King John Stakes of 25 sovs. each, 10 ft, with
50 added, notwithstanding the mighty names of Cineas
and Pharos being enrolled in the list, will be won by
Gossir, who has an allowance of 31133., Bountiful, in all
likelinoo, being the second animal. _ _

- -
The Runnymede Stakes of 10 soya. each, h ft, 84C.5
over the mile course, will probably produce the most
interesting race of the first day. Dame Tattle, Lady in
Waiting. Llawbletonian, and Merry Peal, have all shown
forth lately in a very favourable light. Longinus at the
weight-Bit for a five yea; s old—and over the length in
which he was to most advantage, must be highly dan-
gerous; in fact, if I look to him or LADY IN WAITING
to produce the winner, with Merry Peal and Dime
Tattle in the third and fourth positions, I think I shall
about foreshadow the result. _

The only stake closed on Wednesday is that 'yclept
the Magna Charts, for two and three years old. This
ought to be won by Mr. Clarke's POETESS; for, with her
allowance as a mare, and 51bs as having been beaten
more than once, she will only have to carry Bst 61b;
which, I think, bad as she is, she may be able to do.
After her Tavistock looks as good as anything.
The betting this morning on the Eghani events is as
follows:—Surrey and Middlesex Stakes—Even on Hesse
Homburg, 2 to 1 agst Bilberry, 3 to I each agst Con-
stantine and Edward of York. King John Stakes—
Even on Gossip, 4 to 1 each agst Cineas. Bracelet, and
Bountiful, 5 any other. The Runnymede Stakes-5 to 2
agst Lady in Waiting, 3 to 1 agst Dame Tattle, 4 any
other. I am, Sir, &c.,
Aug. 23. THE SPIRIT OF THE TURF.

COURT CIRCULAR.
OSBORN E, SiTURDIT.

Her Majesty, his Royal Highness Prince Albert,
with their Royal Highnesses Princess Louisa, Prin-
cess Helena, and Prince Arthur, embarked at Tri-
nity-wharf, in the Royal steam-yacht Fairy, at a
quarter-past four o'clock yesterday afternoon, and
proceeded to Cowes-roads, to witness the regatta and
aquatic sports which took place there.
The Royal party returned at half-past six o'clock.
The Countess of Desert, Lord Colville, and Colonel
Bouverie were in attendance.
Duke George and the Grand Duchess of Mecklen-
burg, attended by Madame Jaffimovitch and M.
Chrontschoff, arrived at a quarter before seven, on a
visit to the Queen.

SUNDAY.

Her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Al-
bert, accompanied by the Baroness Speth, and at-
tended by the Countess of Desart and the Hon. Mary
Seymour, drove out yesterday afternoon in the neigh-
bourhood of Ryde.
Lord Colville was in attendance on horseback.
The Royal party returned to Osborne at half-past
seven o'clock.

Lord Milford, Mr. Caesar Hawkins, President of
the College of Surgeons, and Mr. W. A. Eade, had
interviews on Saturday with Mr. SecretaryCWal-
pole, at the Home. office.
The Cambridge University Commission had a
meeting on Saturday at the official residence of the
First Lord of the Treasury, in Downing-street.
Present—the Bishop of Chester, the Dean of Ely,
Professor Sedgwick, and the Rev. W. 11. Bateson
(secretary).
Dispatches were sent from the Colonial-office, on
Saturday, to the Governor of New Zealand. Dis-
patches were received on Friday night from the Go-
vernors of the West India Islands.

COWES, ISLE OF WIGHT.
(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
COWES, AUG. 21.
ROYAL YACHT SQUADRON REGAT rA.
SAILING MATCH FOR THE ROYAL YACHT SQUADRON
CUP, VALUE 100 GUINEAS.
At eleven o'clock the following yachts started with a
nice little breeze from the N N.E.:—
Mosquito cutter, 50 tons, Lord Londesborongh.
Aurora ditto, 45, Le Merchant Thomas, Esq.
Arrow ditto, 102, T. Chamberlayne, Esq.
Lavrock ditto, 72, Capt. C. Hamlyn Williams, R.N.
Gloriana schooner, 134, Joseph Geo, Esq.
Claymore ditto, 138, A. Campbell, Esq.
Alarm ditto, 248, Joseph Weld, Esq.
The wind was in favour of the smaller vessels, and the
cutters hung well together, the schooners hanging on
their quarters, so that there was scarcely a minute be-
tween them on rounding the Nab, the Arrow at 12.44,
the Mosquito 12.45, Aurora 12.48, Lavrock 12,501.
Claymore 12.51-i, Gloriana 12.52, Alarm 12:54. The
wind decreasing, the schooners made but little ground;
the cutters got into Shanklin Bay, when it fell stark
calm, and the committee, with the commodore, in the
Medina steamer, which accompanied the yachts, decided
soon after two o'clock on terminating the race and
agreeing with the wind for that day. The Mosquito
was at this timo the first vessel, the Arrow the second,
the schooners a mile astern; the orders were no sooner
given than the anchors were let go. Soon after a light
breeze sprung up from the S.E., enabling the yachts to
return to Cowes Roads by the road they went out.
They are to start again on Monday morning, when we
hope there will be a stiff breeze.
The following yachts are at the station:—Her Ma-
jesty's yachts, the Victoria and Albert, the Fairy, and
the Elfin; the Xarife, the Earl of Wilton Commodore;
the Capricorn. C.R. M. Talbot,Esq., M.P.,Vice-Commo:
dore; Alarm, Joseph Weld, Esq.; Bacchante Pearl Eliza-
beth,WizArd, Amazon, lone, Nymph, Stella, Sea serpent
Osprey, Constance, Gauntlet, Lavrock,Turquoise, Gipsey
Queen, Susan, Aurora, Arrow, Camilla, Spider, Cygnet,
Claymore, Mosquito, Nautilus, Dolphin, Plover, Ripple,
Freak, Fancy, Leda, Beatic, Frisk, Pandora, Maritana,'
Sybil, Lotus, Flower of Yarrow, &c., &c. At one time
we counted thirty-two schooner yachts, and nearly sixty
cutters and pleasure vessels. The steam-packets with
difficulty thread their way through them.
Aug. 22—A fine day, with a slashing breeze from the
N.E.; such a spanking breeze to-morrow, and we may
calculate on a fine day's sport. Barometer, 30.01.

A FRAGMENT.
Night fades away, and Morning's gradual birth
Sheds bloom and freshness o'er the awakened earth,
Gladly the wild lark flutters towards the Day,
The diamond dew-drops glitter on the spray,
And the rose-petals open to the sun,
Blushing—like Beauty—at being gazed upon.
R. S. M.

AMERICAN NEWS.

LIVERPOOL, AUG. 22.
The Europa has arrived, with advice.s from New
York to the 11th inst., and 726,000 dolls. in specie.
The Pacific arrived out on the Bth.
The Washington correspondent of the New York
Herald, writing on the 10th, says that President Fill-
more and Mr. Secretary Webster had had a violent
altercation relative to the fisheries question, and that
Mr. Webster was about to retire from the Cabinet.
In confirmation of this, several waggon-loads of fur-
niture belonging to Mr. Webster had been shipped on
board a Boston packet. Mr. Webster had written to
a friend that be would visit Washington to wind up

his business, and retire.
In the House of Representatives, on the 10.1), the
Speaker laid before the House a message from the
President of the United States in reply to a resolu-
tion asking what has been done on the subject of the
fisheries on the coast of British North America. He
gives no information different to that heretofore corn -
municated to the Senate. The message was referred
to the committee on foreign affairs.
A schooner, which arrived at Boston on the 9th
from Prince Edward's Island, reported the seizure
of the schooner Lion for fishing off the islands. The
vessel was reported to have been in a calm at the

time, and fully three miles from land.
The fishing schooner Florida was seized and taken
into Charlotte Town on the sth.
The New York Herald says the fisheries question
had become the chief topic of discussion throughout
the country. " There appears," it says, "to be but
one opinion as to the final result of the controversy,

and that is, that the American fishermen must be pro-
tected in their just rights, let the consequences be what
they may. Indeed the affair seems to assume a more
serious aspect every day, and unless a great deal of
caution is exercised by both Governments, the finale
of the flare•up on the part of our provincial neigh-
bour may really terminate more seriously than was at
first apprehended. We have a rumour from the fish-
ing banks that one American vessel has actually been
fired into, which may or may not be a fiction ; but
at all events, if the statements of the passengers and
crew of the American schooner Lion, of Brookhaven,
which was seized off Prince Edward's Island, be
correct, the British are certainly carrying things
beyond their proper limits. Those on board of the
Lion at the time state that she was becalmed, and
fully three miles from the land. This must be in-
quired into with promptness, Lnd, if the story is
correct, she must be released. According to a dis-
patch from Boston, another schooner, the Florida,
was captured and taken into Charleston on the sth
inst."

The Boston Advertiser of the 7th publishes a state-
ment of the captain of a fishing-vessel arrived at Co-
basset, to the effect that an American fishing-vessel
had been fired into and sunk by a British cruiser, for
refusing to come to when ordered.
The Boston Transcript of the 7th says that the
condemnation and sale of the American schooner
Carral had been ascertained to be wholly illegal, as
the seizure was a mistake, and intended for another

vessel.
A dispatch, dated Warrington, August 9, says—
" ➢Zr. 'Webster returned to this city this morning. '
Commodore Penny was to have an interview with
Admiral Seymour on Saturday.
The fishing question will, in Mr. Webster's opinion,
be settled.
The Administration does not wish Congress now to
pass the measures about light-duties. They wish to
reserve the question.
Havannah advices to the 2d inst. state that great
excitement prevailed in consequence of the alleged
discovery of a political conspiracy, in which a number
of influential persons were said to be engaged. A large
number of seditious documents were reported to have
been found, and the persons accused of circulating
them had been arrested.
The markets were generally unchanged, and but
little business was doing.
The Herald says there is reason to believe that the
Japan expedition has been abandoned.
On the 9th the Senate requested the President to
communicate all the correspondence that had taken
place between the United States and Peru regarding
the Lobos Islands. The President had not replied to
the Senate, but a letter from Mr. Secretary Webster
to Captain James Jewell, master of the barque Phi-
lomeia, had been published. It appeared to be in
reply to an inquiry as to whether citizens of the
United States could take guano from the Lobos
Islands without infringing on the rights of other
nations. The following is a copy of Mr. Webster's
letter :
" Department of State, Washington, June 5,1852.
" Sir,—l have to acknowledge the receipt of your
letter of the 2d inst. inquiring whether citizens of the
United States can take guano from the Lobos Islands,
which are situated near the coast of Peru, without in-

/ringing upon the rights of the citizens, or subjects, or
Government of any other nation. In reply, I have to
inform you that if those islands should lie within the
distance of a marine league from the continent, or if,
being further than that distance, should have been dis-
covered and occupied by Spain or by Peru, the Peru-
vian Government would have a right to exclude there-
from the vessels and citizens of other nations, except
upon such conditions as it might think proper to pre-
scribe.iooe
ch.
yuPpte
occupancy.
nku
ce
ytn
tnandnes be
,b wa no
shies
nd
coo
efu
gbdut
sat
enhooav t
is now
yhn eo
awt
ni teal
he
io
t 11ef Chinchaoud e
dhprloes
upon
ac
That article was taken from those islands and used as a
manure by the Peruvians anterior to the conquest of Peru
by Spain. It continued to be so taken and used through-
out the Spanish dominions in that country, and this
practice has been kept up to the present day. Al-
though those islands are uninhabitable, the custom
of resorting to them from the neighbouring continent
for the purpose of procuring guano may be said to have
constituted such en occupancy of them as to give the
Sovereigns of the continent a right of dominion over
them under the law of nations. This department,
ihow-
ever,s
not aware that the Lobos Islands were either
discovered or occupied by Spain or by Peru, or that the
guano on them has ever been used for manure on the
adjacent ooast or elsewhere. It is certain that the dis-
tance from the continent is five or six times greater than
is necessary to make them a dependency thereof pur-
suant to the public law. On the other hand, it is quite
probable that Benjamin Morrell, jun., who, as master of
the schooner Watson, of New York, visited those islands
in September, 1823, way justly claim to have been their
discoverer, lie gives a tall account of them in his nar-
rative, published in New York in 1832. Under these cir-
cumstances, it may considered bethe duty of this
Government to protect citizens of the United
States who may visit the Lobos Islands for
the purpose of obtaining guano. This duty will
be more apparent when it is considered that the con-
sumers of Chincha Island guano in this country
might probably obtain it for half the price they now pay,
were it not for the charges of the Peruvian Government.
I shall consequently communicate a copy of this
letter to the Secretary of the Navy, and suggest that
a vessel of war be ordered to repair to the Lobos
Islands for the purpose of protecting from mcles-
tation any of our citizens who may wish to take guano
from them.
" I am, Sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
" DANIEL WEBSTER,
" Captain James C. Jewell, Master of the
barque Philomela."
" is considered important that this letter
should not be made public at present?'
The Secretary of the Navy directed Commodore
M'Anley, of the Pacific squadron, to send a war vessel
to those islands to protect the interests of American
citizens who might be there.
The Government of Peru have lately, however, en.
deavoured to give proof to the United States Govern-
ment that they have exercised, long since, rights of
ownership of the Lobos Islands.
Mr. Joseph R. Ingersoll, of Philadelphia, had been
nominated as Minister to England.
In the money-market exchanges had been in good
demand, London being quoted 1104 to 110 k, and
Paris 5 15 to 5 134.
Stocks had been active, and railroad bonds were in
request by capitalists.
The accounts from all the cotton growing districts
were extremely favourable, and the market continued
remarkably buoyant ; the stock on hand being
prices had advanced id. and ic. per lb. The l
Sa es
for the preceding three days amounted to 9,400
hales. The " fall" trade had scarcely commenced,
but sufficient bad been done to denote a healthy, pro.
fitable business.
The sales of tobacco during the same period in.
eludes 73 bhds. of Kentucky, at 44c.
• in' 40
hhds. of Ilavannah, at 35c.; 620 bales of Mayre, an
private terms, &c.
Scotch pig iron continues in great request, and is
sold at an advance, 100 tons have realised 21 dolls. at
I six months.
to

—_____,----
GstAlir EroxwmerifßuilTrom.—ik
valuable, newly-invented,
—Tyler;
by which a person can waistcoat
pocket glass, the size of a. walnut,t. be
they answer
seen and known 1i miles distant ,
[ADVERTISEMENT.]
every purpose
4 miles ; they are invaluable
to Sportsmen
on the Race-course, at the Opera-houses ; country scenery
for shooting, deer stalking, ytach
Albemarle-street, Piccadilly.,and
R. Solomons, Opticians, 39, A e
es—A new and- ob-
serve,
opposite the _ crk-hotel. Telescop
Telescopes, possessing such extra.
men, Gamekeepers, and Touns sih--Tge'be hthadanatelltersasresy.eSpiiet
oppos. v
wiSaturn's Ring, and the
important invention irk Teles
ordinary powers, that some, 3i inches,
will show distinctly, Jupiter's Moons,..
weighing only three
Double Stars. Wit the same Telescope,
and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They supersede every
ounces, can be seen a person's.countenanceo3aenaddißstaacnet-,
other kind for the waistcoat pocket, and are of larger and all
sizes, with increasing powers accordingly.
Race-
course glasses, with wenderful powers; an object can be
clearly seen from 14 to 16 miles distant. Alessrs. S. and B.
Solomons, Opticians, have invented invaluable preserving
Spectacle Lenses, immediately they are
placed before imper.
vision,feet every object appears clear and distinct, the most
aged defective sight becomes bright and brilliant, is brought to
its youthful, natural, and original state. The Invisible Or-
ganic Vibrator, and an kinds of Acoustic instruments for relief
of extreme deafness.-39, Albermarle-street, Piccadilly, ob-
serve opposite the York Hotel.
The Duchess of Northumberland has arrived from
Sydney, whence she sailed on the 23d of April, with 4,04
1 "'aces of gold, valued at 18,2001,

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
TIMES.—By this time we hope our dispute with
the United Slates of America is over, and we trust
that all parties will return without delay to those
amicable feelings and friendly relations which our
own Government has so needlessly disturbed. It is
not, however, of the obvious and
glaring errors of the
Government of England, or the wild and precipitate
proceedings of the American Legislature, that we wish
now to speak. Our desire is to make the danger we
have just escaped the subject of a few practical reflec-
tions, which we submit to the good sense of the Eng-
lish nation. We have been on the verge of a war
with a nation which, from its identity in race and
language with ourselves, would have proved a truly
formidable enemy—a maritime and commercial people
who would have met us with our own arms, on our
own element, and visited our commerce with mis -
chiefs similar to those which we should have in-
flicted upon theirs. So closely are the two countries
united, that every injury which we might inflict on
our enemy would have been almost as injurious to our
merchants as bombarding our own towns, or sinking
our own ships. And yet it is no exaggeration to say
that with this people we were on the very verge of
war, for, had we persevered in carrying out with a high
hand, by seizure and confiscation, our own interpre-
tation of the treaty, a collision with the American
Commodore was unavoidable; and such a collision
must almost necessarily have been followed by a
formal declaration of hostilities. Now, what is the
question which has so nearly led to such serious re-
sults ? It is simply whether a certain number of
the salt fish consumed in these islands shall be caught
by citizens of the United States or natives of our own
colonies. The question whether American fishermen
shall be allowed to spread their nets in the Bay of
Fundy is one in which the people of this country
have no imaginable interest ; they will neither be
richer nor poorer, stronger nor weaker, more admired
or more feared, should they secure the monopoly of
fishing in these northern waters to the inhabitants of
the sea-coast of our North American colonies. On
those colonies we now impose no restrictions what-
ever; we have given up the old doctrines of commer-
cial monopoly, and are content to compete with every
nation in the world for the supply of their markets.
The patronage which once made colonial appointments
so fertile a source of Parliamentary corruption has been,
at least in North America, entirely surrendered. The
affairs of each colony are administered by a Cabinet
responsible to, and removable by, the majority of the
members of the Legislative Assembly. The North
American provinces owe us little more than a nomi-
nal dependence, and almost the only mark of subordi-
nation which we exact is the power—very seldom
employed—of withholding the Royal assent from the
Acts of the local Parliament. But, if we have little
to do with the internal government of our colonies in
North America, they have absolutely nothing to say
in the deliberations of the Imperial Parliament, and
do not feel at all bound to adopt for their guidance the
principles which have triumphed there. Thus we find
in this very matter that at the time when the English
nation has decided against Protection in any shape,
the Colonial Assemblies are willing to adopt that prin-
ciple in its coarsest and most repulsive form by pro-
tecting, through bounties, those fishermen whom they
call upon us to protect with the sword. Another con-
sideration well worthy of the serious attention of the
nation is, that had we gone to war for the sake of these
colonial fisheries, it is upon ourselves, to whom the
matter is indifferent, and not upon the colonists, to
whom it may be of some importance, that it would
have devolved to find the troops and treasure re-
quisite for carrying on the war. Our fleets must
have encountered the American ships of war. Our
commerce would be exposed to the ravages of their
privateers, and our troops must defend these very
colonies against an invading force infinitely superior
in number. Parliament has no power to compel the
colonies to raise a single shilling towards the expense
of such a contest. It entirely depends upon the
friendly spirit of the colonies whether they would
raise a single man to aid us in fighting their battle.
On the other hand, any assistance in men or money
derived from these colonies would have been re-
garded by them and treated by us as a free and
generous concession, for which we were bound to
be suitably grateful; yet these dependencies form
the most vulnerable parts of our empire, and the
first idea which occurs to our warlike contemporaries
on the other side of the Atlantic, in case of a
conflict, is an invasion of them by three hundred
thousand American citizens. Removed ourselves by
the interposition of a mighty ocean from all points of
contact with the great American Republic, it is from
our colonies alone that we have to fear any serious
ground of quarrel. Their vicinity, the similarity of
their pursuits, and a spirit of natural and laudable
rivalry, provoke the occasions of constant collision.
Formerly this danger was diminished, because the
Colonial-office, reserving to itself almost all the sub-
stantial powers of government, left the local Legis-
latures little more than the semblance of authority,
and was therefore able to establish a complete har-
mony between colonial and imperial policy. The
surrender of these rights to the Legislatures of the
North American provinces, while it has been pro-
ductive of much good by diminishing the causes of
dispute between them and the mother country,
carries with it also this evil, that greater freedom
of action renders it more easy for the colony
to exercise a disturbing influence on our
relations with foreign Governments. We are,
in fact, in this disagreeable position, that according to
the present compact between the mother-country and
her colonies, she is obliged to take up quarrels in
which her interests are in no way involved, and is
bound over as surety for the good behaviour of Go-
vernments and Legislatures actuated by feelings,
principles, and interests totally different from her
own, and over whose actions she has renounced all
efficient control. Public attention has been repeatedly
drawn of late years to the relation between the co-
lonies and the mother country, and it has now come
to be admitted as a political axiom, that the colonies
flourish best without the interference of England.
This is the colonial aide of the question ; the view
which we are now submitting is the Imperial
one. If England divests herself of almost all
the powers which she has hitherto exercised over
her colonies, is it just and reasonable that, her
power of influencing their action being gone her
responsibilities should remain the same? Must
not the one change almost necessarily draw afterd
it the other ? Old principles are abandoned,
relations broken up. Centralization is replaced by
local government, and responsible Ministers take
the place of irresponsible officials nominated by the
Crown. The only things which 'do not change are
shose cast-iron maxims and unbending traditions
of
government which are handed down in public offices_tl
from one generation of Ministers to another,
till some
re-
main the prescriptive policy of the empire
they
have
unforeseen conjuncture demonstrates that birth,
survived the state of things which gave them
The true
and are ripe for alteration and abolition. .
lesson to be learnt from recent transactions is, thatire
we have a
power in inttheseroducColonialed and rGo edaisrnm upents iv withioht.hceh
we pare
ve by day 1
not able wholly to control, which is day
pro.
in-
creasing in importance, and assuming greater
either
rninence in the affairs of the world. 'T see have either
too l •
es.
too much or too little " solidarity" with our colonies.
If we cannot make them integral parts of the empire
we ought to reconsider the extent of our responsibility
for their acts ; and if we are to continue responsible
for their acts we are entitled to
a powerb which will
is a new
make that responsibility safe. The problem
like]
and and interesting one, and would be all the yre investigated
to receive a proper solution if it we put off to
with leisure and calmness, instead of being
a embarrassment.
a period of anxiety, trepidation, an

---
ST. LUKE' —S, CHELSEA.—RATING OF CREKORNE
GARDENS.—On Saturday a meeting of magistrates was held
at the board-room for the purpose of bearing, appeals against
the new assessment made by Mr. Paine, the surveyor, under
the direction of the Poor-law Commiss ne
ors. Mr. Simp..
son, the proprietor of Cremoane Gardens, appealed against
his assessment which had been increased from 2881.
to 740/.
At the last sitting pp
the aeal was adjourned by direction of
the
amicable arrangement with Mr. Simpson. Mr. Paine now
magistrates, with a view of the surveyor coming to an
Proved the data from which he took his valuation of
740/. Mr. Simpson agreed to be assessed at 4501., but sub-
mitted that the tap ought to be separated in the assessment
from the gardens, the latter being open not more than from.
four to five months during the season ; and as the rates in
Chelsea were made twice a year, that it was hardly fair to
saddle him with a twelvemonth's rate upon the whole of
the property. Mr. Paine said that under the peculiar
cumstances of the case he would not press for the full
amount. The bench, after sorue consideration, settled the
WOOL FROM THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM —.The
assessment at 500!.
stance.
name of vegetable wool has been applied to a fibrous mate-
which the ingenuity of AL Panriewitz has succeeded in
eztraeting from leaves of the fir. A manufsctory ot this
Y means material has for some time past existed near Breslau, -
Silesia, in a district termed the rie of liumboldt.in"
The species of pine there operated upon is the pinus sylvestris,
or wild pine ; but it would seem that every member of the
fir and pine tribe might be turned to similar account. The
leaves of these trees, if examined, will be found to be made
uP of a fibrous material, held together by a resinous sub-
lies, leaving the woolly matter behind. Coverlets, blankets
and other articles made of vegetable wool have long been
employed in Austria Vienna especially, in some of the cha-
ritable ritable institution:3. 'The materials are warm, durable, and
latter may be dissolved out b
agreeable to the eye ; moreover, they enjoy the excellent
quality of preserving a certain balsamic and rather agree.
able smell, which nevertheless is so inimical to insects that
they never harbour in it. In the Silesian manufactory the
resinous matter holding the woolly fibres together is also
turned to account, medicinal baths being made with it as - a
uasis• and which are found to be useful in many chronic
diseases.
APOTHECARIES'. HALL.--The following are the
names of the gentlemen who passed their examination in
the science and practice of medicine, and received certificates
to practise, on Thursday, the 19th of August, 1852:_
James Scarborough Lee, Leeds; Benjamin Hunt, Napton,
Warwickshire ; George -Vinicombe Coates, London • William
IN wen, London ; John Brendon Curgenven, St. Kew, Corn-
wall; Bernard Haldan, Preston; Amos Ingham, Ilebden-
°ridge, York; Thomas Walton, Hull; Thomas Alban
M'slanus, Hull ; and Thomas Maltby, Shelton.

GIGANTIC TELESCOPE AT WANDS
WORTH-COMMON.
The construction of a monster reflecting telescope
by the Earl of Rosse constituted for a considerable
period a prominent topic of interest and conversa-
tion in the scientific world. The patience and perse-
verance of the noble projector under every kind of
discouragement, and the unwavering faith with
which, at a large outlay to himself, he prosecuted his
enterprise to a successful conclusion, secured to him
the admiration and esteem of all who took an interest
in the higher departments of science, while the dis-
coveries that have since been made through its instru-
mentality have amply borne out his anticipations and
rewarded his exertions. It was necessary, however,
that something further should be accomplished. To
those not conversant with the subject it may be ne-
cessary to state that a reflecting telescope pn a large
scale must always be a work of exceeding difficulty,
and comparatively limited utility. The possibility of
constructing an achromatic instrument of a power
equal to Lord Rosse's, and through which the objects
looked at could be directly magnified (as wish an
opera-glass), has long been considered_ extremely
doubtful ; in fact, beyond the reach of mechanical and
optical appliances. This desideratum is, however,
now on the eve of being supplied.
In the course of a recent ramble on Wandsworth-
common our attention was attracted by a singular-
looking structure, consisting of a plain tower with a
long tube slung by its side, surrounded with a wooden
hoarding to keep off its intruders. On making ie-
quiries we learned that it was a new monster telescope
on the achromatic principle in process of construction,
under the superintendence of Mr. W. Gravatt, F.R.S. ,
for the Rev. Mr. Craig, vicar of Leamington. Having
obtained an introduction, we inspected the instrument,
and ascertained some particulars respecting it which
may not be uninteresting. The site, consisting of
two acres, has been liberally preeented by Earl
Spencer in perpetuity, or so long as the telescope
shall be maintained. The central tower, consisting of
brick, is 64 feet in height, 15 feet in diameter, and
weighs 220 tons. Every precaution has been taken
in the construction of this building to prevent the
slightest vibration ; but, if any disappointment
in this respect should arise (which, however, Mr.
Gravatt does not anticipate), additional weight
can be obtained by loading the several floors, and
the most perfect steadiness will be thus insured. By
the side of this sustaining tower hangs the telescope.
The length of the main tube, which is shaped some-
what like a cigar, is 76 feet, but with an eyepiece at
the narrow end, and a dewcap at the other, the total
length in use will be 85 feet. The design of the dew-
cap is to prevent obscuration by the condensation of
moisture, which takes place during the night, when
the instrument is most in use. Its exterior is of
bright metal, the interior is painted black. The
focal distance will vary from 76 to 85 feet. The tube
at its greatest circumference measures 13 feet, and
this part is about 24 feet from the object. glass. The
determination of this point was the result of repeated
experiments
and minute and careful calculations. It
was essential to the object in view that there should
not be the slightest vibration in the instrument. Mr.
Gravatt, reasoning from analogy, applied the
principle of harmonic progression to the perfecting of
an instrument for extending the range of vision, and
thus aiding
astronomic research. By his improve•
ments the vibration at one end of the tube is neu-
tralized by that at the other, and the result is
that the utmost steadiness and precision is at-
tained. The ironwork of the tube was manufactured
by Messrs. Rennie, under the direction of Mr.
Gravatt. The
object-glasses are also of English con-
struction, and throw a curious light upon the manner
in which an enlightened commercial policy has re-
acted upon and promoted the advancement of
science. Up to a recent period the flint glass for
achromatic telescopes was entirely of foreign manu-
facture. Since the reduction in the duty great im-
provements have been made in this department.
The making of' the large flint glass was entrusted
to Mr. Chance, of Birmingham,; who at first hesitated
to manufacture one larger than nine inches in dia-
meter. Upon being urged, however, by Mr. Craig, he
has succeeded in producing one 24 inches, perfectly
clear, and homogeneous in structure. Besides this,
there is a second of plate. glass of the same dimensions,
cast by the Thames Plate Glass Company, either of
which the observer may use at his option. The manner
in which these object-glasses are fitted into the tube
is a marvel of artistic invention. By means of
12 screws, numbered according to the hours of the
day, they can be set in an instant to any angle
the observer may require, by his merely calling out
the number of the screw to be touched. The object-
glasses also move round in grooves to wherever it
may be considered that a more distinct view can be
gained. The tube rests upon a light wooden frame-
work, with iron wheels attached, and is fitted to a
circular iron railway at a distance of fifty-two feet
from the centre of the tower. The chain by which it
is lowered is capable of sustaining a weight of thirteen
tons, though the weight of the tube is only three.
Nothwithstanding the immense size of the instrument,
the machinery is such that it can move either in
azimuth, or up to an altitude of eighty degrees, with
as much ease and rapidity as an ordinary telescope
and, from the nature of the mechanical arrangements,
with far greater certainty as to results. The
slightest force applied to the wheel on the iron rail
causes the instrument to move horizontally round the
central tower, while a wheel at the right hand of the
observer, by a beautiful adaptation of mechanical
powers, enables him to elevate or depress the object-
glass with the greatest precision and facility.
So easy, in fact, is the control over the instrument
in this respect, that a very slight
A touch on the wheel
lifts ten cwt. It may be observed, also, that there
cannot be the slightest flexure in the tube; no error
or deflection arising from that cause can occur, while
the ease with which it can be directed towards any
point of the heavens will enable the observer to make
profitable use of any patch of clear sky, however
transient it may be. The great value of this need
not be pointed out to those accustomed to making
astronomical observations. With respect to the mag-
nifying power of this novel instrument, it is only
necessary to state that, though the focus is not so
sharp as it will be shortly, it has already separated
the nebulae in the same way as Lord Rosse's. It has
also separated some of the double stars in the Great
Bear, and shown distinctly a clear distance of fifty
or sixty degrees between them, with several other
stars occupying the intervening space. Ordinary
readers will better undersiand the extraordinary mag-
nifying powers of the telescope when we inform them
that by it a quarter-inch letter can be read at the dis-
tance of half a mile.
The preparations for this really national work have
been progressing for the last two years under the
superintendence of Mr. Gravatt as engineer and ma-
thematician, but it is only about three months since
the superstructure at Wandsworth-common was com-
menced, and it is already near completion.
We understand that the Observatory is likely to
be endowed by its liberal and enlightened creator. It
will not only be a monument to his enterprising de-
votion to science, but an admirable illustration of the
perfection to which the mechanical arts have attained
in this country.
Lord Rosse has visited the Observatory, and ex-
pressed his admiration of this novel and interesting
,nvention.

VAUXHALL GARDENS .—A great treat is provided
for the million at this favourite place of resort, Mr. Wardell,
the proprietor, having determined on the reduction of the
price of admission to one shilling. At this reduced rate the
Gardens open this evening for the remainder of the season.
The attractions are numerous and excellent. The ballet, in
which a very clever troupe of French artists dance, is magni-
ficently mounted. Then we have a concert, in which DI.
Jongmans, the celebrated Belgian Buffo singer, takes part,
his powerful voice being heard to great advantage in the
opon air. Besides this gentleman, the Misses Jolly, Miss
Pearce, and a numerous choir, sing some very delightful
glees, madrigals, &c. The fireworks are superbly brilliant
and unequalled for novelty of design. The dance music is
very skilfully executed under the direction of M. Arban.
CAPTURE OF A WHALE NEAR HARWICH HAR-
Boua.—Considerable interest has been excited in this neigh-
bourhood by the capture of a large fish, supposed to be of
the whale species, on the Dovercourt shore, in Mill Bay, on
the 12th instant. It appears that the attention of some men
on the beach was attracted by a bulky-looking object on
one of the stone-banks, and on approaching it they found
it to be an immense fish, which spurted up a stream of
water twelve feet high. In the absence of any more ef-
fective weapon, they fastened a knife to a staff, and by
successive wounds so weakened the captive as to be able to
get a rope made fast round the tail, when a large number
of men hauled it up on the beach. In order to dispatch the
monster a scythe was procured and thrust into the body,
causing an immense flow of blood. The dying struggles
of the captive were so violent that the assembled crowd
were obliged to retreat to a more safe distance. The fish is
supposed to be a fin-backed or rock whale ; it measures in
length 21 feet, and in girth 15 feet; has a spout hole on the
top of the head, which, with the mouth, is curiously shaped,
resembling the bottle-nose. There is a sketch of a fish si-
milar to the one now taken in " Dale's History of Harwich
and Dovercourt," which is called there the bottle-head or
flounder's-head whale. The fish remained upon the beach
until the following morning, when the men baying procured
a small vessel to take it in tow, proceeded with it to IPswib
where it was exhibited until the effluvia became grej,
37 its
that the authorities ordered its removal. It was accorTng
once more committed to the waters and towed away '
owners.—Essex Standard.
stearn9biP
LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY.—The screw
Great Britain, Captain :Mathews, sailed at th,rce.
with up-
day for the Cape of Good Hope, Port PhiliP!,. ghe had on
wards of 630 passengers, and a very large ' o'clock to-
board 2,150 tons of coal for consumption 09 feet of water.
5 draWing .
at the time she left the river wa
ks of the river, and as
.onn'tue voyage;
An immense multitude lined the bank
was was greeted with
the vessel steamed down the Mertsey
Blain took out specie,
enthusiastic cheering. The GrBe4l,
0001
merican mail steamship sterling. To-day, at
jewellery, &c., of the value of A.
noon, the British and
So
r
t
took her departure from the
America, Lang command
taintes,isr
DEAN with 152 passengers and a
Mersey for Boston, United
usuale
of CANTERBURY. It IS
large cargo, besides the Aai
s
ILLNESS OF THE
that wneuvleavvrnitilhiaamt onurowlaete
Lyall, D. D., Dean
much respected
with deep regret
archdeacon t,,he Right •
of Canter bury, and Rector of Great Chart, has been seized
A'sse.z Gazette.
with paralysis.-"