The Sun.
London, England, 1864-09-02 00:00:00

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Sir,—Aa England's glory is her love and observance of
law, truth, and justice, I would feel wanting in a most sacred
duty were I to preserve a criminal silence, after witnessing
the sinister occurrence on the 26th ultimo, of the House of
Commons having been misled by statements wholly at
variance with that "love and observance of law, truth, and
justice," which should have bean characteristic of those
who represent the majesty of the law in that House, and
have entrusted to therm duties of the most high and exalted
character.

The marvellously correct versions which the public
journals furnish—literally the fpsiBsitna verba—of the law
advisers of the Crown, enable me to substantiate my asser-
tions so securely, as to defy the hostile criticisms from legal
quarters, which they are sure to encounter, and also to show
the vain attempt made by those high and influential Go-
vernment officials to draw the mind of the House of Com-
mons away from fixing itself with becoming intensity on
the invasion of the rights and liberties of her Majesty's
subjects.

The Ist Section of the Petitions of Right Act, 1860,
(25d and 24th Vic., c. 34) states as follows :

" That a petition of right may, if the suppliant think fit,
be intituled in any one of the superior Courts of Common
Law or Equity at Westminster, in which the aubject
matter of such petition, or any material part thereof, would
have been cognizable, if tho same had been a natter in dis-
pute between subject and subject, and if intituled in a
court of common law, shall state in the margin the venue
for the trial of such petition."
The subject matter of the grievance set forth in my peti-
tion of right, which is duly intituled in the Court of Queen's
Bench, at Westminster, and has, "Middlesex'' stated in
the margin for the trial of such petition, is a malicious pro-
secution by the servants of the Crown. The petition suffi-
ciently shows " the subject matter therein set forth would
have been cognizable in any one of the superior courts at
Westminster " if the same had been a matter in dispute
between subject and subject."
Had not the servants of the Crown, but Mr. Robert
Johnston, (who wrote the all-important autograph official
letter of October 12th, 1834, which had the material post-
mark dates thereon, and the contents of which having come
to light cannot possibly be reconciled with the contents of his
affidavit, prepared and filed by the servants of the Crown,
to prevent my setting aside the adverse verdict,) been the
party prosecuting, he would have been equally justified in
assuming a power to close her Majesty's Court of Queen's
Bench, at Westminster, against me, and in forbidding a
writ to be issued out of that court, for a malicious
prosecution at my suit against him, in order
to be screened from the consequences of his misdeeds;
as Sir George Grey is now justified in his assumption of
power to prevent the law taking its eourse, and in advising
the Queen not to grant her fiat, in order to be screened--
himself end the other high officials—the real defendants in
the case—from the consequences of their misdeeds ; for the
fiat to the petition of right ie nothing more than the com-
mencement of a suit by the issuing of that process, in the
same manner as a suit against a subject by the issuing of a
writ.

By Sir George Grey's advice to her Majesty to withhold
her fiat—the indispensable requisite for obtaining justice--
the Queen is made to adjudicate upon important questions
of law and fact between the Crown and the subject, and to
perform the very highest of all judicial functions; because
her Majesty is thus deciding the suit against the
subject, without any possibility of its being brought
under review of a Court of Error or Appeal—an
adjudication adverse to the subject, final against
his rights and made in private in favour of the Crown, upon
the secret advice and statements of Irish high officials,
which statements, on having come to light, and being placed
in the hands of the hon. and learned member for the King's
County, he, in the most decided manner, pledged himself to
the House of Commons, " WERE TOTALLY FALSE."
All I contend for is, that this final and irreversible dec!-
sion
gioughtveunot
the toop
opportunity
t upronounced
eaadginag my cause. inst me without my
being
Appa-
rently, while such abuses are extant, we have not yet
obliterated the tyranny of the Star Chamber.

The assumption of power to thus substitute ministerial
authority in lieu of the judicial tribunals of the country,
which are appointed by law is therefore a grave constitutional
question of the highest possible import, both as regards the
subject and the Crown; in fact none can be higher, and it
is not of a political or party character. The Queen, by her
coronation oath, swears that she will govern her people ac-
cording to law, and neither deny or delay right or justice to
any one. So, no person or authority, whether he be a
Secretary of State or otherwise, had any constitutional
ec
right to advise her Majesty, in violation of the express
words of the statute, to deny right and justice to any one of
her subjects ; or to release and discharge her Majesty from
toher
a swornl
ri
all—lrish
obligation
as w
el
las
English t accordon
lish b
suresu and righteous justice
its—before her Judges
at Westminster, in whichever of the Courts of justice it now
may please the subject to select.
No more momentous question for the liberties of Eng-
land has come before the House of Commons since the
famous constitutional statute of 1628, when Charles the
First refused to adopt the ancient form of the Royal Assent,
"Soit droif fait confine it est desire." For nearly a century
the Stuarts strove to break up or overcome the rights of the
subject; but the free and determined people of that day
saw the consequences, which necessarily would have
resulted from relinquishing so constitutional a right, as
" trial by jury." The strife ended in the expulsion of the
Stuart dynasty, and in the full establishment of Petition of
Right, which is the birthright of the subject. (See Chitty
on the Royal Prerogative, 341. Allen on the Royal Pre-
rogative, 93. Manning's Exchequer Practise, 81. Fos
ter's Life of Sir George Eliot, 2d Vol.)
Petition of Right is the foundation upon which the great-
ness of England has been built. It existed before the
Norman Conquest, and in spite of that conquest has con-
tinued to the present day. The operations of this right
have smoothed the task of our monarchy and rendered
our Queen the happiest and most beloved, as well as the
most powerful Sovereign in the world. The true definition
of petition of rigb t is that it is the suit of the subject, whose
right is denied him, and who hath not any adequate remedy
open to him fur vindicating the same ; and it is addressed
to the Queen herself, that the fountain of all justice may
supply the deficiency. A necessity therefore exists for pre-
serving in its strictest integrity to her Majesty's Irish, as
well as to her English subjects, this ancient and sacred
institution, which is the best and firmest pillar of support
under our constitutional Monarchy.
In order to sustain Sir George Grey's unconstitutional
advice to the Queen, " not to let right be done," and the
assumption of power to substitute Ministerial authority in
lieu of the judicial tribunals of the country, those influential
and high law officials, who are themselves directors of
Government in cases of emergency, have had recourse to a
mode of procedure, which is so great a perversion and
mockery of " law, truth, and justice," that it needs only
to be mentioned to meet with reprobation.

Having already shown in a former published letter
that the statements of her Majesty's Attorneys General
for Ireland, the Right Hon. Mr 011ag,an, to the House
of Commons are fallacious, and controverted not only by
the records of the house, itself--(Appendix to 17th Report

on Public Petitions, page 566, 1836) —but by the personal
evidence of the Queen, who, on February 20th, 1839,
and on several subsequent occasions, has been graciously
pleased to receive me and tc permit my presenting to her
Majesty my petition, complaining of her servants commit-
ting so great -an outrage on my character, feelings, and
liberty, which ought to be the object and especial care
of the Crown—l will now proceed to give a few instances
of the Attorney-General fur England's statements. In the
commencement of that eloquent personage's address to the
House of Commons, on the 26th ult., he alleged as follows :
—" It so happened that the last of those so called petitions
of right was presented by Mr O'Malley Irwin in the time
of his immediate predecessor (Sir William Atherton), who
added another to the numerous Attorney-Generals, who had
all felt it to be absolutely inconsistent with their duty to
endorse the fiat an a petition of right of that description."
This statement is utterly incorrect and unfounded. It is
also a libel on the great constitutional learning and integrity
of the late lamented Attorney-General, Sir W. Atherton, and
on the other " numerous Attorney-Generals" referred to,
especially Sir Fitzroy Kelly—the foremost member of
the English bar—who held the high office of Attorney-
General for England, and on the 21st of July 1863,
stated in the House of Commons : " That the Secretary of
State had no right whatever,whether Mr O'Malley Irwin was
right or wrong, to interfere in a matter relating to the
petition of right to the Crown, that it was a constitutional
right, which the subject by virtue of the act (23d and 24th
Vic„ c. 34) was entitled to ask; and that no person and no
authority, whether he be a Secretary of State or otherwise,
had any right whatever to advise her Majesty not to issue
her fiat,directing that the petitioner be:heard before her Ma-
jesty's judges of the Court of Queen's Bench in the matter
of his petition of right."
Sir William Atherton's letter, dated 26th October, 1861,
addressed to my solicitor, Mr Pullen, proves that Sir
George Grey, Secretary of State for the Home Department,
kept Sir William Atherton, the then first law-adviser of the
Crown, ignorant of the particulars of my petition of right
case, and did not refer to him for adjudication officially,
and in the usual official manner, my petition, which
Mr Pullen had duly left at the Home-office on the 17th
September, 1861, for that purpose. On this occasion, Sir
George Grey, by letter, dated September 30, 1861 (without
having consulted Sir William Atherton, the Attorney-
General, as to endorsing the fiat on my petition of right of
17th September, 1861,) took upon himself to inform me
through Mr Waddington, the Under-Secretary of State,
" that the matter to which the petition relates does not form
the ground of a petition of right, and, therefore, it cannot
be endorsed in the usual manner."
These facts cannot be controverted. They manifestly
appear by comparing the respective dates of the petition of
right, 17th Sept., 1861, and of Sir G. Grey's letter, 30th
Sept., 1861, with the subsequent date of Sir W. Atherton's
letter, 26th Oct., 1861, which was addressed to my solicitor,
Chas. A. Pullen, Esq., 22, Chancery-lane, expressly stat-
ing, "that he (Sir W, Atherton) was ignorant of the
particulars of the case." Moreover, a special endorsement,
to which I refer Sir R. Palmer, appears to have been
made at the Home Office, as to the petition of right of 24th
April, 1861, "that it was not to be referred to SirW. Ather-
ton, the Attorney-General." This endorsement, together
with the word "nil," is written on my official letter of the
15th July,lB6l,which, together with a "memorandum" and
"statement of facts," I addressed to theHomeOffice, in order
that that petition of right might officially, and in the usual
official manner, be referred for the adjudication of the then
Attorney-General, Sir William Atherton. My solicitor
also addressed a letter, dated the 21st of May, 1862, to Sir
G. Grey, referring him especially to the above letter of
15th July, 1861; but all to no effect—Sir W. Atherton
being studiously kept ignorant of this case; (See page 8,
" Sessional Paper," 342, 1863.)
Sir R. Palmer's next allegation to the House of Com-
mons, in relation to Attorney-General, Sir W. Follett,
whose legal acumen and constitutional learning could only
be equalled by his " love and observance of law, truth, and
justice," is ae inconsistent with the fact, as the learned
gentleman's statements in reference to Sir Fitzroy Kelly
and Sir William Atherton. It is as follows :
Mr Irwin himself said that in July, 1844, he
transmitted through Sir William Follett, then Attor-
ney-General, his petition of right to the Secretary of
State," " but Sir W. Follett was of opinion that it was no
petition of right at all." Facts are stubtorn things. Sir
R. Palmer can readily satisfy himself how utterly fallacious
this statement is by referring to the Home-office, where he
can see, on record there, Sir W. Follett's autograph letter,
dated July, 1844, which he felt it his duty to address, as
her Majesty's Attorney-General, " officially and in the
usual official form,"to the then Home Secretary, accom-
panying my petition of right, for the purpose of having
that petition submitted for her Majesty's Royal endorse-
ment, " Let right be done," in order that the matter in
dispute between the Crown and myself might be decided
by the competent jurisdiction.

Sir R. Palmer also continued to assure the House of
Commons, that a petition of tight had been presented by
me, when Lord Chelmsford was Attorney-General, and
that it was laid before him, then Sir F. Thesigor, " to
ascertain whether he would advise the usual endorsement
to be put upon it, and the fact that that was not done
showed that Lord Chelmsford, like all other attorney-
generals, was of opinion that this was no petition of right
at all." This statement is purely a myth—based on no
other foundation than the very vivacious imagination of
Sir Roundell Palmer. The simple fact is, that no petition
of right at all was presented on my behalf when Lord
Chelmsford was attorney- general, and no such petition was
laid before his Lordship.
It is to be regretted that Sir R. Palmer, like Attorney-
General Heath in Charles L's time, should so far forget
himself, and the high and exalted duties which devolved on
him, as her Majesty's Attorney-General, thus by statements
so wholly fallacious, as well as by flippant expressions,
to attempt the repeal of the most important statute which
has passed since the Great Charter, for remedying the griev-
ances and better securing the rights and liberties of her
Majesty's subjects. I charge the Attorney-General, Sir
R. Palmer, with it, I brand it on his forehead—exsurge
carnifex!

The flippant expressions, to which T allude, are Sir H.
Palmer's insinuations, in his reply to Sir F. Kelly's state •
meat to the House of Commons on Friday, the 22d ult.,
when referring to the all-important autograph official letter,
dated 12th Oct., 1834 (which was addressed by Mr Robert
Johnston, the late assistant barrister for the county of
Mayo, to the then Chief Secretary for Ireland), Sir Roan-
dell actually ventured to insinuate " that it was impossible
to say it was not also a forgery." The high character, posi-
tion, and station of the right hon. Earl Russell place his
lordship's evidence on this head beyond all doubt and suspi-
cion, as proof that the flippant insinuations of her Majesty's
AttorneyGeneral,Sirß. Palmer,are as fallacious as his state-
ments. Earl Russell has sworn, filed, and recorded hie
affidavit in the Queen's Bench in June, 1839, alleging as
follows:—" That the said papers and documents required
by the said subpcena (viz., a letter dated Oct. 12th, 1834, ad-
dressed by Mr Robert Johnston, the late assistant barrister
for the county of Mayo, to the then Chief Secretary for Ire-
land, and other documents), were in his custudy as Secre-
tary of State."
Sir G. Grey was duly served with a subpcona duces tecum,
as her Majesty's Secretary of State, to produce this letter of
Oct. 12th, 1834, and certain other documents, but that right
hon. gentleman thought proper to treat with contempt her
Majesty's writ, and not to comply therewith. Fortunately
for him Sir John Coleridge had not been the presiding
judge on that occasion.
The note, which is annexed to sessional paper, 417, 1864
(being the return to the House of Commons, containing
the important official copies, which Sir Fitzroy Kelly suc-
ceeded in necessitating the Home-office to furnish), states
"that the letter of Oct, 12th was abstracted from the Crown
Solicitor's papers during the trial of Mr O'Malley Irwin, in
1835," and " has never been recovered." Earl Russell's
affidavit also proves how fallacious are the statements in this
note, furnished by the Homesoffice to the House of Coma
mots, as regards the ambiguity of not specifying which of
the trials (both having occurred in 1835), and as regards
the allegation " that the letter of Oct. 12th had never been
recovered.'
Nothing can justify Sir George Grey's allegations in
the house, so prejudicial to me in reference to the
documents which Mr Spencer Walpole felt it to be
his duty to place in my hands actuated by the
same "love of law, truth, and justice" so pre-eminently
distinguishing and characteristic of that right hon. gentle-
man, and of the late eminent Lord Chief Justice Penne-
father and Baron Greene, who, as her Majesty's benchers,
have written so kindly and in so favourable a view on my
behalf, I beg leave, for my own justification, to quote in
&tense the letter which Mr Walpole wrote on the occasion
of his having left sealed up, with instructions to give to
me, the documents which Sir G. Grey stated " must have
been abstracted from the office of the Secretary of State,"
adding "no doubt they came to the hon member for the
King's County through Mr O'Malley Irwin." It is as
follows

January 2i, 18GO.

Deal Mr O'Malley Irwin,—l have brought up some
papers, and left them sealed up in Grafton-street, with in-
structions to give them to you.—Dear Sir, yours ever very
fsithfully, S. 11, WALPOLE.
G. O'Malley Irwin, Esq.
The fundamental securities of the rights and liber-
ties of her Majesty's subjects all over the globe are
now being undermined by the unconstitutional conduct
of her Majesty's high officials, actuated by statements
" wholly fallacious," and by secret evidence in the private
chamber of the Home-office, "totally false," and I am on
trial before the whole empire. I hope, however, next session
of Parliaafent to chronicle that I have passed creditably
through the ordeal, and to record that all the senators—
Radical, Liberal, and Conservative—who have no sympathy
for substituting ministerial authority iu lieu of the proper

Lord EDWARD HOWARD responded, and spoke chiefly
on personal and local matters. He sympathised with the
people of Sheffield in their sufferings caused by the recent
flood, and then proceeded to congratulate the audience on
the prosperity of the trade and manufactures of the town.
He also trusted that the time would come when Sheffield
would be made the chief residence of the Duke of Norfolk.
He should use his efforts to bring about that result.
The health of " His Grace the Duke of Rutland" and that
of " His Grace the Duke of Devonshire" were proposed by
Mr Henry Colley; Mr T. Dunn proposed the health of
" Earl Fitzwilliam ;" and Mr J. J. Smith proposed the
health of "Lord Wharncliffe and the House of Wortley,"
and the Hon. J. F. Wortley responded.
Mr Henry Harrison proposed the health of "the Right
Hon. Lord Denman."

In his reply Lord DENMAN spoke with some warmth
against the conduct of the Government in the Deno. Ger-
man question ; he gave his reason for voting against the
Government on the occasion of the discussion on the Vote
of Censure, and defended the giving of proxies by those
who were not present, stating that the correspondence on
the subject was so full that persons who read it were as
capable of giving their vote as those who were present at
the debate. His Lordship quoted from speeches made by
Lord Wodehouse in 1815 and his own father in 1823 to shcw
that the course adopted by Government in the Dano-German
affair was highly censurable, and concluded by saying that
if Parliament did not meet early and prevent the aggressions
of Prussia he did not know where the matter would end.
(His Lordship was listened to with marked impatience, and
was frequently interrupted by ironical cheering.)
In reply to the health of the " Borough Members,"
Mr ROEBUCK, who was received with protracted cheers,
said :—Maater_Cutier,—l have to thank Master Hunter,
Sir, for the very kind manner in which he has proposed my
health and that of my hon. colleague, and I have to thank
you, gentlemen, for the kind manner in which you have re-
ceived the toast. '1 he health of my colleague brings to my
mind the fact of his absence, and that we all deplore the
cause of it more than his mere absence. (Hear, hear.) I am
sure that if he had been here he would have returned thanks
in terms far more eloquent than I am able to employ.
(No, no.) Sir, in looking back along the long vista of the
years in which I have been member of Parliament, at the
end of it I see myself proposing myself to be a member of
Parliament; and now, when I have grown an old man, I
wonder, Sir, at my own temerity—l may say my audacity
—upon that occasion, for when I recollect what a man has
to consider who represents England in the House of Com-
mons I am startled and frightened at the result. The
House of Commons forms the greatest part, the most im-
portant portion, of the Government of England—(hear,
hear)—and that important portion influences not only the
interior Government of the country to which we all
belong, but it goes far abroad. Wherever the name of
England is heard—and whore is it not heard ?--(hear, hear)
—the influence of the Er glish House of Commons prevails
--wherever men are working fur liberty, there the Eng-
lien House of Commons is cited; and wherever they are
endeavouring to free themselves from the fetters which
commerce has imposed upon them, there the voice of the
English House of Commons is heard. All the influence of
the House of Commons influences mankind from beginning
to end, and I say, sir, I are startled with the temerity which
guided me up el that occasion as a man who proposed him
self as a representative of the people of England, for you
will recollect that the cotranrce of England pervades every
portion of the universe, and that wherever the commerce of
England goes there ought to go—there does go—the pre-
vailing power of the people of England to protect her sons.
Well, then, there have arisen from time to time difficulties
which have been submitted to the House of Commons, and
I, as a member of the House of Commons, have had to de-
cide upon those great and important questions. Well, sir,
I say I am now startled at the recollection of what I then
undertook. The commerce, the name of England, as I have
said, pervades the whole world, her name goes to the verge
of civilisation and beyond, and her laws—the laws that are
propounded in the House of Commons—go with the name
of England. Well, sir, I have been taught to believe and I
think I am right in believing that the business of a legisla-
tor is a matter to be learned—that law making is a subject
which requires an apprenticeship. Why nut ? The lawyer
goes through certain forms, a member of the Church of
England goes through certain forms, but it would seem a
legislator is what I have heard of the gig driver —it comes
by instinct. Every man believes that he is in the position
to make laws for the country to which he belongs. Well,
sir, I think very differently. When I put before myself the
point at which I aimed—that of being a representative of
the people of England in the House of Common—what I
did was to consider everything which I thought would con-
duce to make an efficient member of the House of Cora-
, mona. There were three things which I found requisite as
a member of the house—first,appropriate knowledge; next,
honesty ; and thirdly, courage—and any one of these three
being absent I found would nullify the other two. I found
that you could have perfect knowledge ; that :you could
have a desire to do well, but that if yon had not courage to
face the difficulties the thing fell before you—(hear, hear)—
and you don't know, sir, the difficulties a member of the
House of Commons—but there is ono present, sir, who will
tell you (alluding to Sir F. Crossley) that I speak truly—
has to encounter. There is cajolery of every sort, there is
temptation of every description—but the grand thing is that
the man should say to himself, " Now I am hero repre-
I ens returned
senting the people of England," for though
for the borough of Sheffield, still I amalso representing
the people of England. (Applause.) Mind that. There
is no mistake. Though I read in the papers that I am
mistaken, still that is the fact—l am representing the
people of England. And in this great capacity you don't
know, sir, the difficulties we have to go through. Why, I
will only state one class of those difficulties. Do what I
will, sir, I feel very much like the drummer-boy who said,
Hit him where you will, you cannot please him,"
(Laughter.) I feel, sir, that say what I like there are
people determined to oppose it. I feel, sir, that there are
buzzing flies, not simply bred in dirt, but nurtured in dirt.
Their only object is to be uncomfortable to cleanly people.
(Laughter.) Now, that is really the thing we have to go
through. Do what we will—and I am only answering the
toast of " The Members for Sheffield"—do what we will,
we cannot please everybody. Now, I believe we have before
us—and I speak in the name of my colleagues as well as in
the name of myself—difficulties as great as have ever fallen
to the lot of the representatives of the people of England.
Great indeed are now our difficulties. A Tory of the old-
fashioned stamp you cannot find now—we are all Libe-
rals, every man of us. I want to know now where is
the man who is opposed to free trade ? Where
is the man who will say the difficulties have happened
which he predicted before the Reformed Parliament?
I would admire any man who could catch a real old-
fashioned Tory. 1 should advise him to put him
under a glass shade and send him to a geological society as
an antiquated specimen. (Laughter.) Sir, these are my
views. Now, I have been representing the people of Eng-
land for some two and thirty years—l wish it were a shorter
time, sir, for then I should be a younger man ; but the fact
is so—but I will tell any man who wishes to represent the
people of England that he had better prepare himself for
that great work by learning the great business of life, that
the world is before him, and that the people of England
influence the world. Sir, I thank you. (Cheers.)
Sir FRANCIS CROSSLEY, in returning thanks for the mem-
bers of the West Riding, said—Master Cutler, my Loris,
and Gentlemen—Many have been the invitations which 1
have received front you and the members of the corporation,
but this is the first time I have had the pleasure of accepting
the hospitality of the Master Cutler. I am glad of this
opportunity, as one of the West Riding members, of address-
ing the constituency of the southern, and by far tho largest
of the ridings of Yorkshire. Parliament in its wisdom has
seen fit to divide the representation of Yorkshire into two,
, and, as Sheffield is one of the largest, I am glad of this oppor-
tunity to say a word at parting. I must speak a little polities,
for I feel that England has meddled in the affiirs of other na-
tions, for £800,000,000 is too large a sum to expend, and there
were the lives that were sacrificed in entering into war. I
think that this country acted quite right in not interfering
. with the struggles at present going On in Europe and Ame-
rice. If I refer to America I think we must all look upon the
history of that country with deep commiseration, I visited

sin,.....mrT.OcoTxHwE
eEn73,BlTbOalltl(o)oFn,Til
nlE:tilrie...ll I had made
all the experiments for the British Association up to
April 6, becoming nefit to continue the high ascents
in safety to ourselves, Mr Cox well therefore built a
new one, which he named the Britannia, capable of
containing 10,000 more cubic feet than the preced-
ing balloon, with the view of taking a second otos
server, if need be, to the height of five miles, and in
which 1 nad made three trial trips at moderate ele-
vations. Its destruction at Leicester, just as it was
being brought into condition for high elevations,
abruptly stopped all the arranged experiments.
A long standing agreement between Mr Coxwell
and the Crystal Palace Company to ascend on the
Forester's day compelled him to use the old balloon,
which was made as sound as possible, and furnished
with new netting, car, valve, hoop, &c., especially
for the occasion, as the whole of these appointments
had been destroyed with the balloon.
The balloon left the earth at six minutes after
four, it reached one mile high in 14 minutes, the
second mile was passed at 4.34, and the highest
point reached, nearly 14,000 feet, at 4.50. Here
there was no wind, and we continued at between
13,000 and 14,000 feet for more than a quarter of an
hour, At fiveVolock we began the descent, and wer e
on the ground at 5.31.
When at the height of 5,000 feet we experienced
very little wind, and for some time looked down
upon the same field; the balloon, however, revely
ing in three or four minutes in the direction of
S.E., N., and W.
When we reched the height of 8,000 feet we felt
the wind press against our faces, and we 'began to
move quickly from the west. At 12,000 feet the air
was near!y calm, and quite so at 13,000 feet, and we
were here free from any progressing or revolving
motion whatever, enabling me to take several sets
of vibrations of a horizontal magnet as satisfactorily
as on the earth, the result being undoubted that
the time of vibration was lengthened. On begin-
ning the descent the balloon began to revolve, but
in the opposite direction, viz., in the direction of;
S.W., N., and E., as observed by Mr. W. C. Nas a
from the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, in 1)1i
minutes, and afterwards in 5 minutes, these being
the intervals of time in which he saw me sucQes.,
sively in the telescope, and this revolving motion.
continued till we reached the earth.

On leaving the earth the temperature o f the air
was 73 deg. ; it declined to 281 deg., but not con-
tinuously, and it was 69 deg. on reaching the earth
on our descending. The temperature of the dew
point was 451 deg. on the ground; above 13,000 ft
high it was below zero, and was 48 deg. oil reach-
ing the ground. The air was most humid a t 5,000 a
high both in ascending and descending.
At the highest point the number of p ulsations
per minute were—Mr Coxweil, 102; Mr 'Cranston,
118 ; Mr Norris, 118 ; my own, 99; and respira-
tions were Messrs Coxwell and Cranston, each 22 ;
and my own, 18.
Situated at an elevatich of 2 miles, -without the
ordinary motion of the balloon, the air bang for
the most part clear, the whole of London was within
view, excepting here and there obscured by its own
smoke, together with asptiord, Greenvv;Oh, the
river Thames, Woolwich, the docks, all ''iithcut
motion, and all apparently near to us—every. street,
known buildirg, and pathway connecting them,
seen distinctly; Greenwich Park like a mail gar-
den, with its well-known paths like narrow lines,
the Observatory as a grey speck, Blacftheatb very
small and very bare; all on the same level ; every
high building, every hill, every eminence dwarfed
down, every valley raised up, all apparently on a
level surface, and that the plane of the river Tha rues;
no sound heard excepting now and then them;] way
whistle; no moving thing seen except the tiny
steamboat and diminutive train. The horizon was
misty, so that distant objects were not visible; the
Isle of Sheppey was, however, seen ; Gravesend
and Rochester distinct,
Above the mist for one half of the circle was a
beautiful cumulus; other cumuli were like patches
of wool resting on the ground.
Then, passing the eye to places 30 or 40 miles
distant, observing the gradual diminution of tho
fields till they were all lost together, forming a
large sea of verdure.
I cannot conceive a finer prospect than being
thus becalmed in the car of a balloon, and viewing
such a scene with a declining sun. To be fully ap-
preciated, however, it must be seen.
We were accompanied by two gentlemen only,
Messrs Norris and Cranston. On descending the
breaking over trees r e
offe s ;thenla rlarge
the e
branches,
nel
a
grapnel first missed ; sand was thrown out, and we
rose instantly passedaandtree,
nnd
fiany w
elcannght i:
came
down
in the centre of a field,
having experienced one sharp bump, but no instru-
ments were broken. The place of descent was
Whybridge, near Rainham, Essex, on the property
of T. Mashiter, Esq.—l am, Sir, yours, &c.,

Blackheath, Sept. 1, 1864.

JAMES GLAISIIER.

Determined Suicide of a Military Officer.

PORTSMOUTH, Sept 1.

A most determined act of self destruction was perpetrated
this morning at Anglesea Barracks, Forbes, by Captain
Thomas Curchell Holloway, of the 21st Regiment (Royal
North British Fusiliers).

It appears that about a quarter to six the deceased's ser-
vant, Private Conway, rapped at his master's door, but
failed to obtain an answer, and he went and reported the
circumstance to Captain Alfred Ilolt, who obtained an en-
trance into the room by means of a latch key. He dis-
covered the deceased, who was undressed, partly in and
partly out of bed, with his head touching the floor. At
first Captain Holt thought deceased had died from disease
of the heart, which he had suffered for some time ; but, on
raising him on to the bed, he found that his throat had
been cut in the most frightful and determined manner.
The wound literally extended from ear to ear, the head
being almost severed from the body. There was a very
large pool of clotted blood by the side of the bed, and it
was apparent that the deceased must have leant his head
over the side of the bed, and while in that positionhave cut
his throat. Information of the tragic occurrence was given
to Police-sergeant Constable, of the Borough
.force, whu
proceeded to the barracks, and discovered a white-handled
razor in the pool of clotted blood, and it was apparent
that this was the instrument with which the deed was
committed. The razor belonged to deceased, and he must
have taken it from his razor-ease at the other cud of the
room. Dr Arthur J. Greer, the regimental surgeon, was
promptly in attendance, and pronounced life to be extinct.
Tha body was quite cold and. stiff, and death must have
taken place some hours previously.
So tar as can at present be learned there is no assignable
!native fur the commission of this rash act. On the pre-
vious evening he appeared quite w,dl and hearty, and
farooatbling lieueual was observed in his conduct or demea-
nour, About a quarter past nine he berrowed a latch-trey
Ensign Robert Willoughby to open his room-door,
and after doing so he returned the key to that officer. It
is supposed that he then went to bed, as nothing more was
heard of him, and he was never again seen alive.
The body awaits a coroner's inquest.
The regiment haa only returned from India about six
weeks, and, during the brief period they have been in bare
racks here, two fatalities have occurred, as it was only
about a fortnight since that a private belonging to the re-
giment either threw himself from his bedroom window, o
accidentally walked out while in a state of somnambulism,
and was killed on the spot.

LONDON, FRIDAY, SEPT. 2, 1864.

gr. ROEBUCK is busy enough during this recess,
but his speeches, short or long, are always worth
attending to, and his discourse at the Sheffield
Cutler's Feast was no exception to the rule. There
was great truth in his observations on the impor-
tant position occupied by a Member of Parliament;
and when, in his quaint way, Mr. ROEBUCK took
himself to task, as it were, for his temerity in long
years past in entering the House, many must have
acknowledged that it is an error often committed.
Few among those who so eagerly exert themselves
to obtain seats in the Legislature really reflect upon
the nature of the work before them. All their de-
sire is to gratify ambition, achieve distinction, ob-
tain a position of prominence, or fulfil a hundred
other desires. The hon. and learned Member for
Sheffield has learned wisdom in his long career in
that House, where he occupies so distinguished a
place as an orator. He tells us that the House of
Commons forms the most important part of the
Government of this country, and how true is that
definition of it. It would be well if they, who
this session so wantonly trifled with their respon-
sibilities and threw away their chance of rightly
influencing events for the sake of party and the
love of place, were to ponder a little upon the
menest and emphatic language in this oration be-
fore us. " Wherever the name of England is
heard, the influence of the House of Commons pre-
vails, wherever men are working for liberty there
the English House of Commons is cited, and wher-
ever they are endeavouring to free themselves from
the fetters which commerce has imposed upon them
there the voice of the English House of Commons
is heard." This is not exaggeration, lent simple
fact, yet surely such an assertion carries with it
many solemn reflections. It is not the province of
an assembly possessed of such awful powers
for good or for evil to waste them by misuse
or abuse them by selfish and careless manage-
ment. Perhaps nothing nowadays is more to be
regretted than the supineness which has stolen over
the popular branch of the Legislature. Its fire
seems extinguished, or very nearly so, and in lieu
of the spirit and energy of olden times the benches
seem occupied by Ministers who will sacrifice every-
thing to keep their places, and members who count
all loss gain if they preserve their seats. It is well
that a stirring speaker like Mr. ROEBNICK should
come forward and tell the case plainly before those
who may affect to be too ignorant to know by in-
stinct or too inexperienced to find out for themselves,

the decadence into which they are lapsing. It is
true that he who utters such glaring words and
high phrases often falls short of the mark himself;
how many may bs great adepts in finding out the
faults of others who seem unable to prevent them-
selves from committing serious blunders. There i
was wit and wisdom in the remarks, boldly uttered
and sedulously put forth by Mr. ROEBUCK. He
declared that there was much to learn before a man
could be considered a legislator. Other pro-
fessions require certain forms to be gone through,
" but it would seem a legl3lator is what I have heard
of the gig-driver, it comes by instinct." This is not
what should be, though it would be difficult for
those indignant at the supposition to disclaim the
correctness of it, or deny its likelihood to fact. The
three things that Mr ROEBUCK considers as essen.

tial to success in a member of the House

are very likely characteristics to be required
by all in that important capacity. He
mentions first, appropriate knowledge; next,
honesty ; and thirdly, courage. The absence of
any one will nullify the other two, we are told;
and most probably will be the case when the expe-
riment is made. " I found that yon could have
perfect knowledge, that you could have a desire
to do well, but that, if you had not courage to face
the difficulties, the thing fell before you," How
often bas this been proved in life—public, private,
and political! The lack of firmness has made the
possessor of great and glorious gifts the tool of those
who did not comprehend his high inspirations nor
fathom his deep resolves. There is no quality so
useful in life as decision, and its absence makes the
dictates of conscience go by unheeded, and the
warnings of reason altogether disregarded. In the
House of Commons, for instance, no man can
achieve eminence if he cannot originate; he may
be the favourite of the day, the idol of the hour, but
he never can really influence men in the struggle
nor impre3s his memory on the mind of his gene-
ration. It was well said in " Cooingdby," in an
allusion being made to the age not believing in great

It is a relief after the painful details of uproar
and riot that have latterly reached us from the sister
kingdom, to find the principal news from Ireland
relate to agriculture. The annual show of the
Royal Agricultural Society opened on Wednesday
at Sligo, attracting large numbers to the spot. The
extortionate demands of the householders for tem-
porary accommodation militated a little against the'
success of the affair, a guinea a night being esteemed
a somewhat extravagant charge. That trouble, like
other troubles, having been encountered and left be-
hind, the visitors had cause to congratulate them,
selves oa the favourable weather under whose aus-
pices the exhibition opened. For a day or two pre-
viously that part of the country had been sustaining
the reputation of the " Isle of Showers," and some
misgivings had been felt on the score of a threatened
outbreak of rioters. Due precautions were taken
to avoid any disturbance, and happily the alarm
proved to be groundless. The show itself was of
fair average merit, having no specially noticeable
features excepting that the show of horses did not
Come up to the requirements of the.country. Gene-
rally speaking the stock of horses owned by the
farmers and in the vicinity is poor, and
greatly needs improvement. The most inte-
resting aspect of the show is the fact of
its being held in a remote part of Ireland.
Agricultural exhibitions have long lost their novelty
among us. They are extending now to very retired
districts, which start a society for the encourage-
ment of their own industry and an ineentive to their
own energies. But there still remains a great deal
to be done in this respect for Ireland, and the more
such shows and exhibitions are encouraged the
better. No people are more sensitive to praise, none
more sensible of the distinction of success, and con-
sequently they would not be disposed to under-
value the rewards of such competition. The more
the attention of the people is turned in such pacific
directions the better for the happiness and prosperity
of Ireland, and of all connected with her, but the
people have undoubtedly much to contend against,
and we must not underrate their difficulties. We
must not fall into the mistake of most moralists who
make goodness and respectability hopelessly dull.
The good little boy of the story books seldom suc-
ceeds is arresting the attenticn of the juvenile
reader, his interest is excited by the adventures
which befall the refractory but daring spirit that
is held up as warning. In our dealings with the
quick witted, excitable Milesians we should guard
against enforcing that dreary monotony which to
Englishman is less tedious, less oppressive, so as to
convince them that they need not lay down all hope
of diversion and variety with their shillelaghs, and
that amusement and snterest may be found in other
places than Donnybrook Fair.

The reports received from different quarters by
the Cotton Supply Association continue on the
whole to be most encouraging. The experiment
has been made in the most widely separated mine
tries by people of various nations under different
forms of government. With the singular inconsis-
tency often perceptible in the administration of
British affairs—thanks, more especially, to the
deadly influence of routine—our own possessions,
scattered though they are throughout the most
varied zones, have not been the most prominent in
the competition. Egypt has outstripped India, and
the republics of South America have set an example
of promptness and energy to many of our depen-
dencies. Some valuable information was read at
the last weekly meeting respecting the growth of
cotton in itolehara, It seems that large quantities
are exported from thence into Russia, and that the
amount has been yeaely increasing; and this year
the prospects are so good that it is reckoned that no
less than twenty million pounds, of the value of
£1,650,000, are expected to be famished. It is
satisfactory to find the Government of Bombay
making application for Peruvian seed for experi-
mental cultivation in Scinde and the surround-
ing districts. The Indian empire embraces
so wide a range of locality,
and climate,
that there is room for a long
course
of experiments if the authorities had energy or
enterprise enough to take the matter properly in
hand. The French are wiser, and are making
great
efforts to encourage the cultivation of cotton 14
Algeria, offering premiums and affording every
inducement to the colonist to grow it. linfortu•
nately, the heavy charges la transport, and the
uncertainty as to prices, damp the spirit of specula-.
Lion in the colonists, who otherwise have a fair
prospect, as the soil is good and the climate favour-
able. The produce of 1853 was 879,8001b5. of cheap
cotton, and this year from two to three times that
quantity is looked for. We are glad to find some
intending English emigrants making application
for seed, which they intend to experiment upon in
Queensland, whither they go with a view to cotton
cultivation. Our energies must not slacken with
the lessening of the need, since when the cultiva-
tion is fairly established the expenses will of course
be greatly reduced, and there is no reason why
there should not be competition in the cotton mar-
ket as well as elsewhere.

ATTEMPTED SUICIDE OF A BETTING MAN.—
Yesterday a most determined attempt at self-dee
atruetion was made by Captain Jervois, a gentleman well
known in Sporting circles, at his residence, Nutford-place,
Edgware-road. On his servant taking him up a letter about
9 o'clock he found his master lying across the bed with the
blood flowing from
ta, a fearful wound which be had inflicted
on his
and the
his throat with a razor. Surgical assistance was ob-
tained, 'dressed, but it is doubtful if he
will survive. Extensive losses on recent racing events in-
duced the rash attempt.

With the fifth number of " Our Mutual Friend"
the first Book is completed. And—out of all
this same first book of Boz's last story—,commend
us to the two closing chapters of it ! Chap-
ter the sixteenth that is and chapter the seven.
teenth ! Commend us, especially and beyond
all, to the sixteenth ! The chapter introduc-
ing us to poor old (very old) Betty Higden—
to her great grandchild Johnny, the looked-for
Orphan, at length discovered, by Mrs Boffin, in the
flesh, and very chubbily in the flesh, too, as it hap-
pens! Nay, introducing us, besides these (this won-
derful chapter) to a delightful long boy, ycleped
Sloppy—and to two little children (two very little
children) called respectively Toddles and Poddles.
The scene, peopled by these very old and very young
creatures, is extremely humble, a mere cottage room
in a bye-lane down a back street in muddy Brent-
ford. Extremely humble, but extremely clean—
sweet and fresh as Mrs. Betty Higden's
house•room is, with a well - scrubbed brick
floor, and with plenty of fresh linen, then
and there undergoing pressure in the ecrooping
mangle worked by Sloppy. This latter individual
(already mentioned) Master or Mister Sloppy being
described as " one of those shambling male human
creatures born tobe indiscreetly candidin the revelation
of buttons—every button he had about him glaring at
the public to a quite preternatural extent." Other=
wise-defined—m Full-Private Number One in the
Awkward ..3quad of the rank and file of life, was
Sloppy, and yet had his glimmering notions of
standing true to the Colours." Although as yet
Sloppy has never once opened his big mouth—
except, time and again, to roar with laughter and
for one brief while to howl sympathetially up
on Betty Higden's breaking down for a moment
and having a good cry—we are, nevertheless, fully
impressed with a conviction that Sloppy will turn
oat to be not only "Full Private Number One,"
as aforesaid, but that he will stand forth
conspicuously, and hold his own thoroughly well,
among that strange and wondrous throng of origi-
nals—the Boz Characters. Then, again—Toddles
and Poddles ! Who but the creator of Paul Dom.
bey, and Little Nell, and Tiny Tim—who but the
delineator of David Copperfield in his childhood, of
Peepy playing at wild beasts under the piano, and
of ever so many more little children, of all ages, from
Tilly Slowboy's charge (in arms) upwards—who,
in a word, but Charles Dickens, could ever have
dreamt of three such little creatures as Toddles and
Peddles, and Johnny ! When Dame Betty Higden,
the last-mentioned little creature's great-grand.
mother, gets him (Johnny) up into her lap,
while having a talk with that dear, kind,
good old soul, Mrs. Boffin, who has come
there to adopt the orphan—Betty, contenting
herself at first with kissing Johnny's fat, dimpled
hand by times, as she prattles on to her visitor—
when, we say, old Betty, at last, (Johnny
sitting there in her lap, "with his chin tucked
in and his lips pouting, concentrating his
blue eyes on the visitors, and shadowing them
from observation with a dimpled arm ")
when Old Betty comes to taking one of his fresh fat
hands in her withered right, and falls to gently
beating it on her withered left—Ah, well, a point
is then soon reached (as we read on) when
the great Master-Humorist of our age—of any age
for that matter—has lull and absolute command (as
he has so often had before !) over our tears. " And
now," says Mrs. Boffin—just before Old Betty
takes to gently beating one of Johnny's fresh fat
hands on her withered left,—" And now," says Mrs
Boffin, "concerning Johnny." " Yes, ma'am," says
Old Betty, beating on, "concerning Johnny."

" If you trust the dear child to me," said Mrs Boffin,
with a face inviting trust, "he shall have the best of homes,
the best of care, the best of education, the beat of friends.
Please God, I will be a true good mother to him 1"
" I am thankful to you, ma'am, and the dear child
would be thankful if he was old enough to understand"
—still beating the little hand upon her own, "I wouldn't
stand in the dear child's light, not if I had all my life be-
fore me, instead of a very little of it. But I hope you won't
take it ill that I cleave to the child closer than wards can
tell, for he's the last living thing left me."
"Take it ill, my dear soul? la it likely And you sq
tender of him as to bring him home here I"

" I have seen" said Betty, still with that. light
beat upon her hard rough hand "so many of
theni on my lap. And they are all gone but
this one lam ashamed to seem so selfish, but I
don't really mean it, It'll be the maktiig of his fortune,
and he'll be a gentleman when lam dead. I— I— don't
know what comes over me. I— try against it Don't
notice me I" The light beat stopped, the resolute mouth
gave way, and the fine, strong old face broke up into weak-
ness and tears.

Here it is that Sloppy, as already related, lifts up
his voice and b-ellows, terrifying Toddles and
Paddles into a rear by so doing, and causing Johnny
by sheer sympathy to become a prey to despair!
" The absurdity of the situation" at this climax of

it, at once, effectually, as our author remarks,
" put its pathos to the rout." Toddles' and Poddles'
buccanneering expeditions, hand-in-hand across the
floor, across country, one might almost Elva in an
attempt to bear Johnny, " crowing, into capti-
vity and slavery "--the fluctuations of this game
—every casual touch (each given with such a tender
hand!) in the description —all is, jilst simply in one
word, charming. Another of those delicate limnings
of childhood and little children—that we read—
through a loving mist of tears (half of fun half of
tenderness)—in the works of our Great Novelist—
descriptions that, once read, we ever after-
wards bear among our most cherished recollections.
Incidents of varinos kinds, some of them of con-
siderable ituportance in the development of the plot
of " Our Muinal Friend," are here related. Inci-
dents, for example, of such importance as the dis-
covery that it is Gaffer Hexam's dead body
that tangs drowned at the end of his own tow-

line—as the appointment of John Arrowamith
as Mr Boffin's secretary—as the removal of
the Boffins into their grand fashionable resi.
dente at the West-end, with all its consequences,
in the shape of a dismal swamp of begging•letter
correspondence ! But, tempting though the last-
mentioned theme especially is to delete upon, we
can give not a thought at this moment to anything
but the little children.

THE DUKE OF HAMILTON.—" The title of Duke
de Chatellerault," says the Gazette de France,
"which has just been confirmed to the Duke of Hamilton,
is one of the small number of those which the
French kings had created in favour of some noble
foreign families, in order to perpetuate the remem-
brance of great services, or the participation
in some famous event. James Hamilton, Earl of
Arran, son of a Scottish peer, acd of the eldest daughter of
James 11, of Scotland, was by his mother presumptive heir
of Queen Mary Stuart. The Parliament had already de-
clared him governor and protector of the young Queen,
second person in the kingdom.' It is in that double title
the Earl of Arran negotiated and concluded the marriage
of Mary Stuart and the Dauphin of France, afterwards
Francis 11. King Henry 11. gave him as a recom-
pense for that happy intervention the dukedom of Cho'
rauit, to enjoy it, he and his posterity, male ar ferrate.
The younger branch of the House of Hamiltr.da
c-ame down'
in direct line to the present day, and is sl
Scotland by the Marquis of Abercor-
all represented in
became eatino 4. The elder branch about the end of '
the House of Douglas, ara-
.ne seventeenth century in
.b
all and de Chatellerault. The
for the Dukes of Hair:to -Leh of which was substituted
transmission of the t
had been recogni ..cle of Duke de Chatellerault in France
.4e4.1 in the House of Douglas by Charles X.
in 1826, in ',pits of the reclamations of the Marquis of
Abercord. The young Duke of Hamilton was born in
1845."

T BUR
iEN BURIED ALlvE,—Yesterday after-
noon, shortly before 4 o'clock, a sad accident, which
has terminated fatally to two men and serious injury to two
others, c.ccurred on the new line of railway now in course
of co:istruction by the South-Esstern Railway Company
between Deptford and Lewisham. It appears that at the
time stated a party of excavators were at work cutting
away a portion of the chalk embankment, and had just
completed their work when, without any warning, a mass
weighing nearly 100 tons suddenly fell, burying four of the
unfortunate fellows, and others narrowly escaping a similar
fate. Such was the weight of the falling earth that a 1 ruck
standing on a aide line of rail was completely smashed.
The men immediately set to work to rescue their com-
panions, and messengers were despatched for medical as-
sistance. After a short time two of the unfortunate men
were reached, still alive, and having been attended to by
two medical gentlemen resident in the neighbourhood, they
wcra convened to Guy's Hospital. The other cwo men,
named Thos. Willbourne and Samuel Brown, bosh of whom
were married, on being got out were pronounced dead, and
their bodies were removed to the pariah dead.hoase to await
the coroner's inquiry.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

THE BOMBAY AND MAURITIUS MAILS.
MALTA, SEPT. 1.

The Ellora will leave here at 10 p.m. to-day for
Marseilles, and the Ceylon, at 3 a. r. to-morrow, for
Southampton.

OUTWARD CALCUTTA, CHINA, AND
AUSTRALIAN MAILS.
The Delta, from Southampton, on the 20th Aug.,
reached Malta on the 29th, at 8 a.m., and left at 6
p.m. for Alexandria.
The Syria, from Marseilles, on the 28th August,
arrived at 11 p.m., on the 30th, and left at 4 aim,
on the 31st for Alexandria.

FRANCE.

PARIS, SEPT 2.

The Constitutionnel of this morning contains an
article, signed by M. Paulin Limayrac, reviewing
the language used by M.M. Rouher, Rouland, and
Behic, at the opening of the Councils General. The
writer says—" In view of these manifestations
of the ideas.of the Government who can deny to the
Empire the spirit of progress and initiative. In a
restricted sphere of a department as in the wider
sphere of a State we find the Imperial policy
animated by the desire of most completely and
surely developing principles in which we discover
the same thought of giving to France all the bene-
fits of progress and saving her from all excesses of
revolution."

BOURSE, Sept. I.—The market has been more
buoyant, and a fair amount of business has been
done at an improvement, Threes being now quoted
at 661 r. 50c. Mobilier have advanced to 1,015 fr.
Railway Market firm. The market continued im.
proving to the close, and

.eft off as follows :
Italian Loan 67 70
Do. end month 67 60
Ditto Threes
New Mexican
Russian
Austrian
Spanish Threes — --
Home Debt
Deferred

4t per Cents. 94 75
Do. eRd month....

3 per Cents
Do. end month 66 65

Credit Mobilier.... 1020
Do. end m0nth....1020

Bank Shares 3390

Credit Foncier 1225
Roman

RAIL

Cash. Account.
592 50 .. 892
988 75
923 75 .. 930
640 .. 638 75
525
493 75 .. 495
348 75 347 50
435 .. 440
540 538 75
407 50 .. 403 75
487 50 .. 487 50
205 205

Orlear s
Northern
Lyons and Mediterranean
Southern ..
Western
Eastern ..

Sardinian ..
Austrian
Lombard
North of Spain
Saragossa..
Ditto to Barcelona