The Sun.
London, England, 1852-12-10 00:00:00

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LITERATURE.

Lives of the Sovereigns of Russia, from Rurik to
Nicholas, including a History of the Empire,
from its Foundation to the Present. By George Shr,
Fowler Esq. Shoberl. Four vols. Vol. I.
The ancient history of Russia is but little known, bit.
and it is only from the casual mention, by ancient 20
classic writers, of the barbarians who were the ter-
ror of the frontiers of the civilised world for cen-
turies before the Christian era, that we can obtain 31
any information on the subject. It appears from
the best authority that the northern portions of 27,1
Asia and Europe were inhabited by numerous No-
madic tribes, known as Samarians and Scythians, 22
who, even before the time of Cyrus, made predatory St
incursions into the southern provinces between the 50
rivers Don and Dnieper. They, however, gave way 50
before the more powerful colonist, and the country
5500
was successively overrun by the migratory hordes of 25
Alans, Huns, Avarians, and Bulgarians, until
the sixth century, when the Sclavonians a
race coming from the northern Danube—drove
these tribes towards the northern and western
provinces, and becoming more civilised by their
intercourse with the southern States, became
Christians, and founded in the country, afterwards
called Ru.ssia, the cities of Novogorod and Kiof,
which early attained a commercial importance.
But the wealth and prosperity of the new state
soon excited the cupidity of its neighbours, the
most powerful of whom were the Varangians,
race of bold pirates who infested the coasts of the
Baltic ; and the Sclavonians finding their case
desperate, offered the government of the State to
these warlike rovers as an only means of safety.
In consequence of this, a celebrated Varangian
chief named Rurik arrived in 862 with a body of
his countrymen in the neighbourhood of the lake
Cad.oga and laid the foundation of the present
Russian Empire, by uniting his people
with those who already occupied the soil.
It is with this prince that Mr. Fowler commences
his history, and he states in the preface that he
is surprised that no complete history has been
hitherto published of an empire which has lasted so
many centuries. He finds half of the first volume
quite sufficient to detail, and that rather minutely,
all the events of importance which took place in that
vast empire up to the end of the seventeenth cen-
tury, when Russia first became a nation ; for until
the master mind of Peter the Great first awakened
the dormant energies of the country, Russia was
but a wilderness, inhabited by savages. The life
of Peter the Great, which occupies the latter half
of this volume, is, of course, highly interesting, and
abounds with anecdotes, of which the following are
a specimen :
" The Tzar, during one month's residence in London,
saw almost everything that was worth notice ; he visited
the manufactories and workshops of various artisans, and
made large purchases of things the most curious and use-
ful ; amongst others, he bought the famous geographi-
cal clock, made by Mr. John Carte, watchmaker, at the
sign of the Dial and Crown, near Essex-street, in the
Strand, which clock tells what hour it is in any part of
the world, whether it is day or 'night, the sun's rising
and setting throughout the year, its entrance into the
signs of the zodiac, the arch which they and the sun in
them make above or below the horizon, with several
other curious motions.' He was very particular in exa-
mining the mechanism of a watch, and it is said he could
take one of these ingenious machines to pieces and put it
together again, before he left London.
" Peter was much amused at visiting the Courts of
Westminster, constantly inquiring about the busy peo-
ple in black gowns and wigs, and what they were doing,
and on being answered that they were lawyers—' Law-
yers !' said he, with much astonishment, why, I have
but two in my whole dominions, and I believe I shall
hang one of them the moment I get home.' He was
introduced to the Archbishop of Canterbury, at Lambeth
Palace, to whom he expressed a desire to see the differ-
ent churches of the metropolis, and to observe the mode
of worship. The Primate appointed Bishop Burnet to
accompany his Majesty, from whom we have a long
report of the Tzar's character and conduct in London,
amongst which is the following He is a man of
very hot temper, soon influenced, and very brutal
in his passions • he raises his natural heat by drink-
ing much brandy, which he rectifies himself with
great application ; he is subject to convulsive motions
all over his body, and his. head seems to be affected
with these ; he wants not capacity, and has a larger
measure of knowledge than might have been expected
from his education, which was very indifferent. A want
of judgment, with an instability of temper, appear in him
too often and too evidently ; he is mechanically turned,
and seems designed by nature rather to be a ship-car-
penter than a great prince. This was his chief study and
exercise while he stayed here ; he wrought much with
his own hands, and made all about him work at his
models of ships. He was desirous to understand our
doctrine, but he did not seem disposed to. mend matters
in Muscovy ; there is a mixture both of passion and se-.
verity in his temper ; he .is resolute, but understands
little of war, and seemed not at all inquisitive in that
way. After I had seen him often, and conversed much St.
with him, I could not but adore ie depth of the provi- 5
dence of God, that hid raised up such a furious man to St.
so absolute an authority over so great a part of the world.'
20
" The Tzar dined with the King at Kensington, when St.
he was prevailed upon to see the ceremony of his Ma- 15
jesty going to the House of Lords to pass some bills of
Parliament ;he had a great objection to being seen, but 6;
he must gratify his curiosity : they therefore put him on 6,
the top of the house, where, from a window, he could
see all that was passing, when his grotesque figure occa-
sioned so much merriment to the King and all below, that
his Tzarian Majesty was obliged to descend quicker than °
7
he intended.
6
" The Marquis of Carmarthen acted as his guide to all
places of public amusement; he went two or three times Cr
only to the theatre, but, from not knowing the language,
10
he took very little interest in what was going on. At a 20
ball at St. James's, to which the Tzar was invited, instead
of mixing with the company he was put into a small room, 10
where he could see all without being seen. His aversion to St,
the public gaze was so great, that he could not be pre- 5
vailed upon to go into the body of the House of Com-
u
mons to hear the debates, but looked down upon it from St
a hole in the ceiling. Never was any monarch so shy
as the great Tzar of Muscovy. His delight was, when St
at Deptford
th IVI to getenzikoff and into a small boor three otat belongiherng
s, when to the St
dockyard,
he would be the helmsman, and teach them how to coin- C
wand ships when they go home. Having finished their
day's work they used to resort to a public-house to drink 5(
beer and brandy peppered; brandy was the Tzar's fa-
vourite beverage. His Majesty was a hard drinker;— Si
on one occasion, when coming from Deptford, he was
11
lodged at the house of Mr. Morley, where, for his
morning entertainment, he drank a pint of brandy and a s
bottle of sherry, at dinner he drank eight more bottles 21
of sack, and after that went to the playhouse."
91

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Shr. Paid RAILWAYS. Leasing Closing Prices Business
Compaus. this Day. done
50 all Bedford and Loudon &
Bletchley.... N. West ..•
304 all Birm. & Oxfd.
guarantee ... Gt.Westn. 30 31
304 all Do.withoutgr Do 291 304
304 all Binn.Wolv. &
Dudleyguar. Do 3O 31
304 all Do.wthtguar. Do 29 30
St. 100 Buckghanish .L. & N.W lO9 111
50 all Clydesdale Jc. Caledon 53 55
St. 100 E.Lincoln. gr.
6p. cent Gt.Notrlin 149 151 150
25 all Glstr.&Du.Fr Gt. Westu. 33 333
25 all Glas. Barr. &
Nellsn.Direct Caledou...
25 all. Do. New Do •—•• •••
100 all flrtlpl. Dk. & Yk. New
Railway & Berw.. ,
50 all Hull & Selby Y.&N.Md. 113 • 115
95 all Do. A Shares Do 561 573
121 all Do. Shares. Do 27 28
12i all Lon.&Greenw &Eastern l4 141
20 all Do.Prefereuce Do 251 261
20 all Lowestoft gr.
4 per cent... Norfolk
20 all Do. 6 per ct... Do 23 25
51 all Manch.Bxtou. Ln.&N.W
and Matlock & Miclld 3 34 3
50 all Midollcsbro' & Stckton &
Redcar Darliugt.
100 all Midld.Bradfd Midland... 1074 1631
50 all Northern and
Basternsp.e. E. Count.. 64 66
50 all. Do. 6 per et Do
50 all Do.Fixedsp.c Do .. . .
25 all Prest. &Wyre L. &/S . W
&Ln&Yk •••
121 11?, Do. 4 Shares. Do — •• •
St. 100 Roystn.& Hit. Gt.Northn 150 152
St. 100 Do.Shepth.St. Do .... .. . . 149 151
25 18a Shef. Roth. & Laucash.&
Goole g.5.p.c Yorksh _
12 94 S. Staffordah.. MrblClean d Si ,
50 all WearValleygr Stockt. &
G per cent... Darling
25 all Do Do 321 —.33A 33
St. 100 Wilts &Somrst Gt•Westn lO5l 1061:

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Closing Prices
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Bsslness done
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FOREIGN.
Closing Peps Business done
Shr. Paid RAILWAYS. this day, this Day.
——
5 3 BelgianEastn. Junct. 1 2
20 all Central of Frauce(Or-
leans & Vierzon..... . .
20 all Charleroi & Erquelin. 14 15 14
17* all Demerara.. . .
20 6 Dijon andßesanQon 34 -- 4 p 91
20 8 Dutch Rhenish 1 3 d •
20 all East Indian 9l —lO p
5 all Gt. Indian Peninsula 2' 3 p
20 4 Gd. Junct. of France 2 —2i p 61
204 104 Gt.Westernof Canada '
Shares par -- 1 p 10/ 114
Do.Bds.(lst i55.)1857 ..• •• •
Do.Bds. (2d i55.)1862 •••
20 14 Luxembourg 7l 74 m
10 10 Do. (Railway) 5 -- 51
5 14 Do.
5 24 Do. (Canal) 1 14
20 5 Lyons & Mediterran 7 9 p
20 41 Madras - 2 34 p
334 29 Maria Antonia —
10 10 Do. New
20 all Namur & Liege (with
interest) B4 9
20 all Do. (ex interest) 6l. 74
16 all Northern of France 35 35. 341 54 5
20 all Do. 201. 3p. c. Bds.
(fmy.B.&Ams. Shs.) 15 151
10 all NorwegiauTrunkPref
20 11 Orleans & Bordeaux — •• •
20 10 Paris and Lyons 154 —l6 p 254
40 28 Do. Bonds
20 all Paris and Orleans .... 65 67
20 all Paris and Rouen 374 384
20 all Paris and Strasbourg 32 —32 X A 24
20 4 ParisCaon&Cherbrg. 54p 9
101 2i Quebec &Richmond — 4 p
20 all Rouen and Havre 2OA 214 21
20 all Sambre and Mouse lll 121 111 112
20 4 Southern of France_ xn nx
20 4 St. And. &Quebee(A)
20 17 Tours and Nantes— •..
20 2s. Upper India Scrip 1 p ai pm
B'i all West Flanders 5/ 61
10 4 Do. 54 per e. Pref par 4 P
20 9 Western of France lO —104 p
MINES.
1 all Agua Fria
10s. all Anglo Californian ... P 1
10 2 Australasian 3* 4 p 6
20 5 Australian 3A-- 4 4
1 all Australian Cordillera idid
1 all Australian Freehold. ar —4 p 14 1
1 all Ave Maria d par 104
1 • all Baden (Gd.Duehy of) d * p 1
1 all British Austrin. Gold P 11 4.
20 13.5 British Iron 74 84
35 243 Brazilianlmp.(issued
at £5 pm 3* —44 44
30 all Do. Cocaes & Cuiada 2 3 2*
20 15 Do. St. John Del Rey 30 -- 31
1 all Carson's Creek 4 p
40 all Cobre Copper — 44 43 2*
5 1 Colonial Gold 2,4 —,„ 24
. . 14 Copiapo 7 —74
5 all English and Austin
all Copper Smeltg. Co 4 —4 d
20 General
1 all Golden Mountain - par 104
3 all Great Polgooth
1 all Lake Bathurst 1 d par
1 all Liberty 1 14p 21
1 all Loud. &Californ. Gold
Quartz Crush. Co — 0(13
1 all Mariquita g P 11
10 9 Mexican&S.Ammien. 4
1 all Now Granada . . ....... Apia
1 all Nouveau Monde ...... 14 11 p 24
.
1 all Port Philip l4 p2t 13 I
1 all Quartz Rock .........•
2100 P
12i21P
95(?) allllSantiagoßhyme m d
Iron
üba
1 all South Australian , p
10 7 Tin Croft ll 12
284 all United Mexican —24 81 I 8
14./ 104
1 all West Mariposa
1 all Yuba P

MISCELLANEOUS.
110 4 Australian Ryl. Mail
323 Canada •••
••
St. all CopperMinersof Eng.
25 all Do. Preference
5 5 Crystal Palace ..•
4 2 Crystal PalaccFranee '••
20 1 Eastern Steam •••
•••
1 1 Electric Tzleg. of Ir. •••
15 14 Gen. Steam Navigat. 11
100 50 General Screw Steam
Shipping Company •
20 2. Irish Beetroot Sugar •
••• 514 2 in
10 2 Netherlands Land •••
50 all Peninsular& Oriental •
••• 90
50 20 Do •••
100 GO Royal Mail Steam
5 2 Univeral Emigration
and Colonization •••
.••

A BOY LOST UNDERGROUND.—Last week, a little h,
boy, named William Withers, who works with his father, St.
at the Blaina Works, in one of the mine pits, went to his
work as usual with his father, but, on arrivi at the St.
pit, found that he had forgotten his lamp, anSna returned 50
for the purpose of getting it and following his father
into the works. As he proceeded along the road under-
S
ground, however, the boy lost his light, and after that St
missed his way, getting into some old works. From that
time he was not seen or heard of until Monday morning, 50
when he was found by the hauliers in a very weak state.
He was at once taken home, where he is now doing very 12}
well. The poor little fellow had but his Friday's dinner
in his bag for the whole of the time. He states : "After 12A
I lost my light I found that I was lost, and in a strange
road. I could hear my father at work all day on Friday. 25
I knocked the side, and made as much noise as I possibly ,„
could, but no one answered me. They all went out that "6
night, leaving me there ; I cried very much. I thought 12?
I saw the stars two or three times, although I was 100 12i
yards underground. I saved my dinner as much as I 12;
could, eating a bit at a time, not knowing whether I St:
should ever be found or not. The pit broke on Saturday St.
morning, consequently there was no work until Monday
morning. The whole time I had been wandering about 1M
in the dark, when I heard the hauliers, and I made my 20
way to them." It appears that the father made search
all through the neighbourhood, thinking the boy had not
followed him into the pit, lint that he was loitering about St.
with other boys on the top of ground. The poor little 20
fellow did not know what day it was when he was asked St.
at the time he was found ; he thought he had been
there seven or eight days.—Hereford Tintes. 15
SWEDISH LAWS WITH RESPECT TO INTOXICATION.— 8

The laws against intoxication are enforced with great
rigour in Sweden. Whoever is seen drunk, is fined, 10
for the first offence, three dollars ; for the second, six ; 10
for the third and fourth a still further sum ; and is 25
also deprived of the right of voting at elections, and 10
of being appointed a, representative. He is, besides, 1.0,6
publicly exposed in the parish church on the following
Sunday. If the same individual is found committing St.
the same offence a fifth time, he is shut up in the House 20
of Correction, and condemned to six months' hard la- 124
bour ;ifhe is again guilty, to a twelvemonths' punish- ,
ment of a similar description. If the offence has been '
committed in public, such as at a fair, an auction, &c., St.
the fine is doubled, and if the offender has made his aro- 17
pearance at a church, the punishment is still more severe. 25
Whoever is convicted of having induced another to in-
toxicate himself, is fined three dollars, which sum is
doubled if the person is a minor. An ecclesiastic who falls
into this offence loses his benefice ; if it is a layman -4.
who occupies any considerable post, his functions are 10
suspended, and perhaps lie is dismissed. Drunkenness 10
is never admitted as an excuse for any crime, and who- 10
ever dies drunk is buried ignominiously, and deprived of
the prayers of the Church. It is forbidden to give, and •
more explicitly to sell, any spirituous liquors to students,
workmen, servants, apprentices, and private soldiers.
Whoever is observed drunk in the streets, or making a
noise in a tavern, is sure to be taken to prison, and de- i
tained till sober, without, however, being on that ac- 1(
count exempted from the fines. One half of these fines 1(
go to the informers (who are generally police officers), ;
the other half to the poor. If the delinquent has no I
money, he is kept in prison until some one pays for him,
or until he has worked out his enlargement. ,
ATTEMPT TO MURDER AT WALIIAMPTON.—Two men 4'
have been committed on the charge of attempting to -1-
murder the aged gardener of the Rev. Sir George Bur-
rard, at Walha,mpton, in the parish of Boldre, and who,
it is surprising to state, is in a fair way of recovery, after
receiving the most brutal treatment. Mr. Piibeam,
superintendent of county police, obtained such evidence
as led to the commitment of two notorious characters,
belonging to the same neighbourhood, named William
Smith and George Jerkins,

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 10, 1852.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT

HOUSE OF LORDS—(YESTERDAY.)
(Continued from our Third Edition of last evening.)
BRITISH SUGAR COLONIES.
Mr. J. WILSON called the attention of the house to
the effects of the Sugar Acts of 1846 and 1843 upon the
British Sugar Colonies, and upon the sugar trade of the
United Kingdom, and moved for the following papers
—Copies of reports made by the Board of Inland Reve-
nue in 1848 and 1849, in reference to the refining of
sugar in bond ; and, return of the quantities of
sugar, molasses, and rum, and the amount of duties re-
ceived thereon, in the year ending the sth day of
July, 1852; also, of the average price per cwt., of
Muscovado sugar, exclusive of duty, from the London
Gazette, and the average prices per cwt. of Havannah
sugar (ordinary yellow), exclusive of duty, from the
London Mercantile Prices Current for that year (in con-
tinuation of Parliamentary Paper, No. 296, of Session,
1852). The hon. gentleman reminded the course which
the Government had taken on this subject. Last evening
the right hon. gentleman the Secretary for the Colonies,
gave notice of his intention to call the attention
of the house to the whole subject, but when the right
lion. gentleman came into office he stated that the sub-
ject would be postponed until the present session, and
now it was said Government intended to abandon the
subject altogkher. Now this latter determination was
not approved of by that interest which it was supposed
the Government had heretofore represented, and he was
therefore anxious to have the matter more definitively
set at rest. It was a remarkable fact that ever since
the war the consumption of sugar had remained almost
stationary, and he thought that fact sufficiently
proved that something had been wrong in the laws
which regulated the supply and demand of the
article. The consumption of sugar in the three years
preceding the passing of the existing law was consider-
ably less than what it was in the three years subsequent
to the passing of the act. But in spite of all the diffi-
culties which the British producer had to contend against,
he had surpassed the foreigner considerably • for while
the produce of the slave-growing states had' only in-
creased 25 per cent. during the last five years, that of
the'British Sugar Colonies had increized. 38 per cent. It
was, therefore, preposterous to argue that free trade had
proved ruinous to the latter •, it had, on the contrary,
greatly assisted the West Indies, while it had supplied
increased employment for our artizans at home. I
Nor had the revenue suffered from the change in the
system, for whereas the revenue yielded by rum and
sugar previous to 1846, when free trade was first applied
to the West Indies, was 5,981,0001. a-year, while in
the present year it was 5,446,0001., showing a very
slight falling off indeed, when it was considered that
the change had saved the people something like
12,000,0001. a year in the price of the commodities of
rum and sugar. He made these remarks with a view of
showing the house that the subject had not been neg-
lected, and that every pains had been taken to extend
to the colonies the privilege of refining in bond. If
however, the right hon. gentleman could satisfy himself,
for he admitted it was a matter more for the details of a
department than for legislative interference as a principle
—if they would safely introduce refining in bond, with-
out imposing any serious difficulty or inconvenience upon
the refiner, he thought it would be attended with advan-
tage—in short, be a great boon to the colonists. He
apologised to the house for making this somewhat length-
ened statement, and wo .ild not have done so had he not
thought that, in the p:culiar position in which the ques-
tion now stood, it was the duty of the house to vindicate,
not the conduct of a party—not those who were instru-
mental in bringing forward the measure, but the Parlia-
ment of Great Britain, in dealing with our colonial pos-
sessions. He hoped he would never see the day when
that house could be justly charged with indifference to
the interests of the colonists ; and did he not sincerely
believe that the policy which we had adopted in 1846
was calculated, eventually, to benefit the colonies them-
selves, as well as the whole of the empire, he, for one,
would never have sanctioned it. (Hear, hear.)
The motion having been put and seconded,
Sir J. PAKINGTON complimented the hon. gentleman
upon the extensive knowledge and great accuracy of detail
he had displayed in addressing the house ; and proceeded
to say that the hon. gentleman had so pointedly referred
to the course which, for some years, he (Sir J. Pakington)
had taken on this question, that he hoped the house would
listen to him while he offered some observations in reply.
The hon. gentleman had said that his motive on this occa-
sion was to vindicate the policy of the last five years, and
he (Sir J. Pakington) asked for as great an indulgence
while he defended the view he had taken during that time
in regard to that policy. He did not wonder that the hon.
gentleman should have taken every advantage for the pur-
poses of his argument, of the remarkable circumstances of
the sugar trade in the present year ; but with regard to the
present state of this most important subject, and with re-
gard to the prospects of the sugar colonies, he (Sir J. Pa-
kington) would endeavour to speak with the most perfect
candour. He was never disposed to shrink from an avowal
of his opinion, or of a change of opinion ; and he thought
that the part a public man should be really ashamed of
was any hesitation in the confession that in any former
view he had been mistaken. But in this instance, in jus-
tice to himself, and after reviewing all that he had said or
done on the subject, he was bound to observe that he was
not now disposed to retract anything. He admitted frankly
that the figures which marked the sugar trade for the cur-
rent year were figures which he had not expected to have
seen ; and, on the other hand, he thought it probable that
if ho had asked the hon. gentleman himself twelve Months
ago, or even so late as last February, whether he antici-
pated such figures as those which had been referrod to the
other evening by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, he would
have considered them as very extravagant. The hon. gen-
tleman had recited on this occasion the objection urged by
him (Sir J. Pakington) and his friends to the policy of the
noble lord the member for the city of London : those ob-
jections being that in the first place the act of 1846 would
encourage the slave trade • next, that it would stimulate
the produce of sugar produced by the instrumentality of
slaves ; and thirdly, that it would injure the interests of
our own sugar-producing colonies ; and the hon. gentleman
had contended that in every one of these respects- the pre-
dictions had been falsified. Here he joined issue with the
hon. gentleman ; and he would maintain that in each in-
stance his predictions had been fulfilled. First, as to the
slave trade. The hon. gentleman mentioned the circum-
stances of the slave trade in 1846 • and he then appealed to
the great and gratifying diminution in that trade during
the last year (1851). But the hon. gentleman neglected two
important points. He did not advert to the condition of
the slave trade previous to 1846 ; and he made no reference
to the state of the slave trade during the years which inter-
vened between 1846 and 1851. All that the hon. gentle-
man had said, in the way of distinction, was, that the
import of slaves into Brazil in 1846, althOugh large, was not
to be taken into calculation, inasmuch as that was the
year in which the legislation in question took place, and
hence the circumstances of that year could not have been
affected by our legislation. But there was a Parliamentary
paper on the table which showed the whole facts very
conclusively. In 1842 the import of slaves to Brazil was
17,405 ; in 1843, 19,095 ; in 1844, 22,849 ; and in 1845,
19,453. He passed the year 1846 as not in question, and
ho came to 1847, in which the import was 56,173 ; in 1848,
60,000 ; in 1849, 54,000 ; in 1850, 23,000. The difference,
therefore was prodigious ; and it was impossible to resist
the conclusion, looking to the nature of our legislation,
that the act of 1846, introducing slave produce into this
country, had given an enormous stimulus to the slave, trade,
and had been the cause of that rapid and startling increase
which the figures he had react would show. In 1851, how-
ever, as the hon. gentleman pointed out, the import into
Brazil' suddenly dropped to 3,267. He stated the fact with
great pleasure ' and in the present year it would be found,
he was glad to know, that the slave traffic to Brazil had al-
most ceased. But he hoped the hon. gentleman would not
think he was very unfair if he stated his suspicions that the
glut, as he might call it, of the slave market in Brazil in
1851, and the almost complete cessation of the trade in
1852, were not wholly unconnected with the enormous
number of slaves forced into Brazil in the four preceding
years. The circumstances of the traffic in those preceding
years were such as, he believed, had given the Brazilian
Government some alarm, so that a sudden fall in the num-
bers imported took place ; and he confessed he was not
sanguine that future years would be marked by the same
absence of a slave trade to Brazil which distinguished tho
present year. In regard to Cuba, much the same circum-
stances and results were observable. (The right hon. gen-
tleman here read the figures illustrating his argument.)
The number imported into Cuba had fallen from 8,749 in
1849, to 5,000 in 1851; but the hon. gentleman was no
doubt aware of the fact, which it was melancholy to state,
that in the present year the slave trade to that island had
been increasing, and the new Captain-General of Cuba was
not, it was to be apprehended, 13y any means disposed to
discourage the trade. Putting the whole of these facts to-
gether, he thought he had said enough to show that on this
point the results had borne out his and his friends' predic-
tions. He came, then, to the second argument urged
against the act 0f1846, that it would tend to give a stimu-
lus to the production of slave-grown sugar. Hero he had
in some degree to complain of the figures used by the hon.
gentleman, though no doubt the hon. gentleman was en-
titled to use those figures which best assisted his own view
of the case. But, here, again he was prepared to show, as
far as an inference could be drawn from facts, that the act
of 1846 had given an enormous stimulust as a consequence
of giving a stimulus to the slave trade itself, to the produce
of sugar grown and manufactured by means of slave labour;
and that while this country had been making prodigious
efforts to suppress this disgraceful traffic, this unhappy le-
gislation of 1846, as he would still insist on calling it,
had had the effect to the greatest degree that legislation
could have, of forcing the growth of sugar produced by
slave labour. The hon. gentleman was no doubt aware that
the information which was obtained with rct o this
subject from Brazil, was given in regard to ©casks " and
other quantities little known in England ; and he (Sir J.
Pakington) had therefore reduced the returns to J.
The hon. gentleman had not touchedhad the state of the sugar
y
market of Brazil prior to 1846—he onl a
great increase since 1846. But attention to the figures
which represented the state of things previous to 1846 in
Cuba was also very necessary. The average exports of the
4 years ending 1845, from Cuba, were 3,191,706 cwts.; and
the average exports from Cuba in the four years ending
1850 (passing over the transitive year 1846) were 4,945,814
cwts. He would now show the house the aggregate re-
sults, taking the produce of these two slave growing coun-
tries. The average exports of the four years to 1846 were
4,290,841 cwts., and of the four years ending 1850 were
6,266,770 cwts., showing an increase in the latter fours ears
of 1,975,839 cwts. Well, he thought he might appl to
these figures with the same confidence that he did to his
figures on the slave trade, to show that the effect of the
legislation of 1846 was to give a great stimulus to the pro-
duce of sugar by slave labour. He now came to the third
point—namely, the effect on our sugar producing colonies.
Now, the hon. gentleman had met this part of the subject,
he must say, with great coolness. That the consumers in
this country had derived great benefit be was perfectly
willing to admit. The imports to this country had
the swollen
from somewhere about two millions of cwts., at
ginning of the century, to about four million cwts., at the
extinction of slavery, and now amounted to upwards of
sla-
simillion x
cwts., cheapened enormously by our recent legi
tion, in consequence of which, while the comforts of the
consumer had been greatly promoted and the revenue bad

. .
neous decrease of home-grown sugar, and a depression in
price wholly unparalleled in the'history of the sugar trade ;
and be was not ashamed to say that he was on that state of
things that he was prepared to appeal to Government, and
had it not been for the change of Government, which
almost deranged their proceedings, he should have ap-
pealed to Parliament to afford redress for this state of
things. But what was the state of things now ? It was a
state of things which the hon. gentleman himself could not
have anticipated. He most cordially wished that this state
of things might go on. He found that in the ten months of
the year 1851 ending in October, the British sugar entered
for home consumption was 2,250,168 cwts., and in the ten
months ending in October, 1852, this had risen to 3,085,252
cwts., showing an enormous increase. And what did he
find in respect to foreign sugar? Why that the foreign
sugar retained for home consumption in the first ten
months of 1851, which was 1,089,723 cwts., had fallen
more than one-half .in the first ten months of 1852, the
quantity then being only 480,540 cwts. The figures were
completely reversed. Foreign sugar had decreased, Bri-
tish sugar had increased, and there had been a simulta-
neous improvement in the price,. which, instead of being
18s. 5d., as it was in the beginning of April, had risen to
255. lid. in the last week in November. Well, then, he
had no hesitation in avowing that, whatever his views of
the policy of 1846 and 1848 might be, that, looking at the
solemn decision of Parliament on this subject—looking at
the extent to which the comfort of the home producer was
concerned—he certainly could not be a party to asking the
House of Commons to revoke this policy. Whether he was
out of office or in office did not make the slightest differ-
ence ; but these figures had so changed the aspect of the
question that he could' be no party, under such circum-
stances, in coming to that house to ask for an increase in
the protection. But, much as he wished it, he would not
conceal from the hon. gentleman and the house that he was
not sanguine with regard to the continuation of this state
of things. He believed there-were two causes to which this
state of things 'might be in a large measure attributed—
one was, that the crops in Cuba and Porto Rico had con-
siderably decreased. Another cause he believed to be that
the ruinously low prices in the spring of this year drove
away the sugar from our market to the United States.
The hon. gentleman would perhaps say that this would not
account for the increase of the British colonial sugar. He
admitted that ; but he believed that that increase was to
be attributed to the fact that, while the crops in Cuba and
Porto Rico had failed, the crops in the West Indies had
been remarkably the reverse. On the other hand, he was
most willing to admit, and he was glad to hear the
honourable gentlemen allude to, the energy, the vigour,
and the good spirit which, under the most adverse cir-
cumstances, had distinguished the British colonist. From
a return in the exports in January, 1831, and January,
1851, it appeared that those from Jamaica had fallen off
upwards of 1,400,000 cwts., to 627,768 cwt. Barbadoes,
however, was exporting much more ,• and the exports of
Trinidad were also greater than they had been under
slavery. British Guiana, although it exported less than
during slavery, had made a great effort ; and he was willing
upon the whole to take a most favourable view of four out
of the five principal sugar producing colonies. The state
of those colonies, namely, British Guiana, Trinidad, Barba-
does, and Mauritius, showed that this must be regarded
mainly as a labour question. (Hear, hear.) Barbadoes
was abundantly supplied with labour, and consequently it
had both greatly increased its 'produce, and cheapened its
rate of production. (Hear, hear.) Still he was not over
sanguine. [The right hon. gentleman then quoted a dis-
patch from Governor Higginson, of Mauritius, who ex-
pressed an opinion that, owing to a combination of fortu-
nate circumstances, and the increasing self-reliance of
the planters, their hopes for the permanent prosperity of
the colony, were in the course of fulfilment, and he trusted
would at no distant day be realised ; but he went on to say
that he made this statement with great diffidence, for he
could not overlook the severity of the competition to which
they were subjected.] Owing to their proximity to India,
the colonists had been able to ;procure a large supply of
coolies, and they might by that means triumph over their
difficulties. (Hear, hear.) With regard to British Guiana,
the planters had not taken up the whole of the grant of
500,0001. allotted to them, but they had taken 350,0001. of
it, and with that assistance he hoped they also would be
able to struggle through. With respect to Trinidad, Lord
Harris wrote, that though his own feeling had formerly
been against immigration, he now perceived the enormous
advantages resulting from it ; and ho emphatically added,
that under God, it would be to immigration that the saving
of the colony would be attributable. (Hear, hear.) He
(Sir J. Pakington) would render all honour to the planters.
They had lowered the cost of cultivation in Trinidad fully
one-third, and they had also reduced wages. From the re-
turns of the stipendiary magistrates, which were perhaps
the most reliable evidence on the subject—though every
thing of this nature must be taken with great caution—
the average rate of wages in Trinidad had been lowered
from is fiel to is ; in British Guiana from 2s 5d to is 4cl ;
in Barbadoes from is lid to 10d ,• and in Jamaica from 2s
1d to is sd. The planters had laid down tramroads and
had introduced machinery. They had, in fact, at a very
large expenditure, done all they could to meet the difficul-
ties in which they were placed. (Hear, hear.) Taking
then, these favourable circumstances into consideration,
and remembering also the extraordinary change of figures
which had taken place in the sugar market, he must repeat
that this was not the moment at which any Government
could advocate a return to the differential duties.
(Cheers.) But still ho was far from being sanguine with
regard to the state of these colonies. He was con-
vinced that they still ,required all the assistance which
the imperial and local Governments could give. One
of the first things required by the colonies was to obtain
labour to the utmost extent ; but the permission to
refine sugar in bond was likewise an act of justice, and
ought to be conceded to them. (Hear, hear.) He would
not detain the house with any details as to the mode in
which the proposal should be carried out, for his right hon.
friend (Mr. Disraeli), when the proper occasion should ar-
rive, would afford them all the necessary information ; but
it was well known that between the superior sugars of
Cuba and Brazil, the Muscovado sugars of the West Indies,
and the coarse inferior sugars of the East Indies, there was
so great a difference in quality that, if they put an equal
duty upon the raw article, they were in fact giving a
i differential duty to the foreigner. (Hear, hear.) The
proposed boon was, therefore, not only an act of jus-
tice, but would be found to afford the colonial interests an
important measure of relief. (Hear, hear.) He was sorry
to say that he could not quit the subject without advert-
ing to the depressed and half-ruined state of Jamaica,
than which nothing could be more deplorable. In a dis-
patch received from the Governor Sir Charles Grey during
the last year he found that the planters were half maddened
by their distress and by their apprehensions of ruin im-
pending. When, therefore, the hon. gentleman opposite
(Mr. Wilson) spoke of the British colonists not suffering
distress, he (Sir J. Pakington) need only refer to the em-
phatic expression of a governor of long experience, who
spoke of them being "half-maddened." (Hear.) In
another place the governor stated that the depression of
the planting interest, arising from the alteration of our
policy, was becoming more and more permanent that the
finances of the colony were growing from bad to worse ;
that the revenue had long since ceased to equal a greatly
reduced expenditure ; andlhat the debt had grown, in five
years, from 580,0001. to 750,0001. (Hear.) The misery of the
island had been greatly aggravated by one of the
most dreadful visitations that* had ever happened to a
country. The cholera had fallen on the colony with
almost unparalleled severity. The actual loss was esti-
mated at 40,000, and the loss of field hands was at least
20,000. The financial condition of the island was as
bad as possible. Not only had the debt increased since
1847 from 580,000/. to 750,000/. ; not only had the revenue
for several years been less than the expenditure, but for
several years the interest on the loan from this country had
not been paid ; and he was afraid that he must pronounce
the island in a state .of national insolvency. (Hear, hear.)
Under these circumstances it was the intention of the Go-
vernment to send out a commissioner to inquire into the
state of the island and report. (Hear, hear.) There was
a serious defect in the constitution of that country, viz.,
the manner in whiclithe money votes were brought in and
passed. Instead of - being proposed by the Government,
they were moved and supported by any member of the Le-
gislature. This was a most alarming state of things ; and ho
(Sir J. Pakington) could not conceive a country in a more
depressed condition, both socially and politically. Of course
there could be no differential duties established for Jamaica
alone ; and the Government had therefore i ()solved, as the
period of Sir Charles Grey's office was now approaching its
termination, to send out a commissioner to inquire into awl
report upon what reforms and changes would be most
likely to restore prosperity. Gloomy as the state of Ja-
maica was, he did not regard it with despair. He believed
that, with judicious alterations, with a judicious arrange-
ment of the finances, and with those reforms which were
so cryingly necessary, there was reason to hope that the
island might yet be saved from the ruin that seemed to
hang over it. He could not, however, retract the censures
which he had so often passed upon the legislation of 1846.
(Cheers.) He still thought that that legislation was
most precipitate and rash. He did not dispute the
benefit which it had done to the home consumer ; but,
as he had before recently remarked, it was not just to
benefit one class at the expense of another. He had said
that with regard to the landed interest—an interest which
was strong, powerful, here on the spot, amply represented
in Parliamant, and able to defend its own rights and
claims—and surely the remark was tenfold more applicable
to those distant colonists, who were unrepresented in this_n
house and unable to defend themselves. (Hear, 1
hear.)
conclusion he would say that ho approached the question
the most disinterested manner. Ho had no connexion
pproached
whatever with West Indian Property, and
the subject solely from a feeling of his dulityeeA -Ile
sawpu.n
man to defend the rights of an interest which
cciass_u_,l
f 1 and.
danger. If the efforts of the colonists weere.c.
h us t prove pernm-
if the present state of improvement lio_ce,
i or more wil-
nent, no one would more sincerely rejoice,
tingly admit the fact. (Cho.) feHr.e had not the least
papers askedsfsssings of the planters, but
objection to give the
Mr. EWART admitted thesi
position in which the colo-
niststhey had arisen from the false
lengthened period. He rejoiced exceed-
ingly had been fora
to hoar hatacommissioner was to be sent out to
Jamaica
; t when Malta had been for a long time in a de-
pressed state,, st'aftoo,r a9ommissioner had been sent to the island,
and since then it had been more prosperous. He must,
however, complain that the right hon. gentleman had not
read those passages in the blue book in which the Governor
of British Guiana spoke of the gratifying prospects of that
colony. The able report of Dr. Sherer which the Governor
enclosed, stated that three times the present amount of
sugar might be produced in Guiana. Nor had the hon.
gentleman referred to similar passages upon St. Vincent's
and Barbadoes. From these passages they might fairly
conclude that the rising up of a spirit of unrestricted com-
petition would develop° the resources of the colonies and
lead to their ultimate prosperity. Capital, machinery,
energy—these were the only means by which relief could
be given to the colonists, It was impossible to separate
suffering and distress from any great social change. Such
had been the case with Ireland, and such had been the case
with the West Indies but what he did protest against
was, that the right hon. gentleman should bold out to the
planters delusive hopes, and unsettle that which had been
settled. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. HUME hoped that neither the house nor the country
would infer from the speech of the right hon. gentleman
that he had been holding out delusive hopes to the colonists,
or that he would attempt to disturb the finality
settlement of the West India question..
(Mr. Hume) hoped that the different
abolished, and that the colonists would
de-
pend upon themselves. At the same
ought to be done to assist them, n
the shackles by which they were
delighted with the proposal. H hear ) Ho
1 duties would' be
b taught to
time everything
and to remove' from them
nbound. Hence, he was
of Government as to, refining
seemed to
(Hoar.) The right Ihon. gentleman
in bond.
lament that all the loans had not been taken up. He (Mr.
Hume), on the other hand, regretted that they had ever
been taken up at all; for the money had been lavished
away, and, what was worse, this country might never ex-
pect to see it returned. The only chance the colonies had
was that the different properties should fall into the hands of
new proprietors, who should only give a few dollars for that
which had cost thousands.
Sir J. PABINGTON explained, that he had not the
ighteat intention to attempt the removal of the present

not fallen off, or only in a slight degree, that the hon. gen-
tleman should have dwelt on those results was to have been
expected, but to say that our West India colonists had not
suffered, was a statement for which ho was not prepared,
and from which he must totally dissent. Personally ap-
pealed to, as he had been on this subject, he trusted he
might be excused if he brought forward proofs of the tre-
mendous sufferings inflicted on our colonists—sufferings
greater, he believed, than any country in the world had
ever inflicted upon any portion of its subjects. His diffi-
culty in approaching this part of the subject arose out of
the mass of matter which had accumulated within the last
fow years. His duty had been to make a selection of the
proofs which might best illustrate the extent of those suf-
ferings. He would begin with a pamphlet written by his
made friend the member for Lynn. He believed he had
read this extract before, but what did his noble friend say?
He said, " I was prepared for desolation, but not for wha
I saw. The whole land was strewed with ruins of houses
and mills, and those not old, but new buildings." He then
goes on to say, after alluding to other matters with which
I will not trouble the house, and remember this statement
was not made at a distant period—it was made with regard
to what he saw in 1850. He would now read another ex-
tract from the pamphlet, again referring to British Guiana
in which he said, and he believed the substance of this
was taken from a very important report presented by
certain Commissioners in British Guiana, which gave a
most gloomy account of the condition and prospects of
that island. The pamphlet went on to say,—" Of a
total of about 600 estates now or formerly existing in
British Guiana, the commission reported ofBo as having been
placed under sequestration between 1847 and 1849. I
have it on private authority that in the last year 19 more
have been placed on the list, while 33 have been disposed
of by execution sale. In one month seven estates were
sold. Their collective value at one time was upwards of
170,0001. Their price last year was between 14,0001. and
15,0001. (Hear, hear.) Then Lord Harris, in an important
dispatch, referring to what the hon. gentleman had dwelt
on so much to-day, namely, the increase of the exports,
said, " Notwithstanding, it can be shown without much
difficulty, that not only has there been no profit during a
term of years on all the estates together, but, on the cd n-
trary, there has been a dead loss of British capital to the
amount of at least a million sterling." This was the evi-
dence of Lord Harris, referring to the effect of increased
exports. He would not dwell now—though it must be
fresh in the recollection of the hon. gentleman—on the
fearful events that took place in the Mauritius in 1848,
which almost rained that country, which, he was happy to
say, had almost passed away, and given way to much better
prospects. He would now take the liberty of reading a
letter; and, as it was a private communication, he would
not mention the name of the writer, but would give it to
the hon. gentleman. The writer was a respectable planter
in Jamaica, and he said—" So utterly do I despair of this
colony rising from the load of distress under which she
has suffered, and still suffers, that lam now offering, quite
voluntarily on my part, to give up my estate for a debt of
less than one-fifth of its value, while my parental estate
in this land is abandoned, though still in my own hands."
This was a letter dated June of the present year. He now
turned to another extract of the same kind ; and here again
he would not mention the name, but he also was a pro-
prietor. He said, "In 1819 these estates netted the pro-
prietor 22,0001."
An HON. MEMBER—In one year ?
Sir J. PAKINGTON—Yes, in one year. The writer
proceeds to say—" They now return no income whatever ;
and this is the case with thousands." And here let him
add that that very morning he had received a letter from a
gentleman with whom he had no acquaintance, but he pre-
sumed he must be a large proprietor, for he told him that
he had 32 properties in Jamaica belonging to him, and that
if some change did not speedily take place, it was his in-
tention to write out by an early packet to abandon the
whole of these 32 properties. Now he appealed to the
house whether the hon. gentleman was justified to take such
a view as he had done of the effects of this legislation. Be
it just or unjust, be it beneficial to the consumers at home
or injurious, he said the hon. gentleman was not justified
in attempting to hele out that this legislation had not pro-
duced a most frightful ruin of our West India colonists.
He would now read an extract from a letter to a gentleman
of very great intelligence who had come lately to this coun-
try from Jamaica. He came here about six months ago in
an official position, and he would give his name to the hon.
gentleman if he wished it. This was a letter received a
few days ago by his brother, describing what had taken
place in Jamaica since his departure. He said—" I have
duly received your welcome letter of the 21st ult." This
was dated the 21st of November, 1852. "It found me in
low spirits. You can form no conception of the depression,
day by day, going on here. You have not yet been away
six months, and the change would alarm you. Our lower
orders are becoming daily more reckless ; putting aside all
decency ; and vice and crime are walking the streets. Our
better classes are losing all hope, and the aspect of things is
truly distressing." The last evidence with which ho would
trouble the house on this part of the subject—for he
thought the house would believe that evidence was not
wanting—was an official paper. It was headed " A return
of public taxes, rates, and dues lately raised or to bo col-
lected for the coming year, 1852." It was a general state-
ment of the rates and taxes to be levied upon Jamaica
generally, and the first column showed the value at which
the property of Jamaica was assessed for the purpose of taxa-
tion. It gave every country and every parish, and the
result was, that in the year 1851 the rateable value of
Jamaica property by this return was 9,499,7901. ; but the
rateable value of Jamaica property in the preceding year,
1850, was 11,556,3791. (Hear, hear.) Now, he asked the
house if he could adduce a more painful proof of the hor-
rible distress in which their boasted legislation had involved
the West India colonists, than by showing them that in one
year the value of property in Jamaica had decreased up-
wards of two millions,of money, and two-elevenths of the
whole of the property of the country. The hon. gentleman
said the effect of the act of 1846 ought to be seen in
five years. He quite agreed with him, and. thought he
had shown them the effect of the act in five years. But the
hon. gentleman talked of unrestricted competition, and
he was astonished to hear such a momentary forgetfulness of
the facts. Instead of five years of unrestricted competition,
these five years had been years in which, though they had
admitted slave produce to a great extent, they had, neverthe-
less, been years during which the British grower had been
protected by a high, though a gradually descending pro-
tective duty ; and at this moment, when the hon. gentle-
, man talked of unrestricted competition, they had, in fact,
a differential duty in favour of the colonial grower, of up-
wards of 30 per cent. During the whole of the present
year, British Muscavado sugattiad been admitted at a duty
of 10s. per cwt. (Mr. Wilson here made a remark which
was not heard in the gallery.) He begged the hon. gen-
tleman's pardon ; he spoke of unrestricted competition;
but whether he did or not, it did not affect the
facts. It was not unrestricted competition. (Hear,
hear.) While British Muscovado sugar had paid a
duty of 10s. during the present year, foreign sugar
from the Ist of January to the sth of July paid 15s. 6d.
and now was paying 14s. 6d. Consequently, at this time
the British producer was protected, and had, throughout
the present year been protected, by a duty amounting to con-
siderably upwards of 30 per cent. The hon. gentleman
spoke of adopting this policy once and for ever, and he
boasted of the policy of 1846. Now, he must say that, if
there was one thing which he had learned from his expe-
rience in that house, it was to disavow, if not to
treat with ridicule, any idea of final settlement by Parlia-
ment of great financial and commercial speculations. (Hear.)
In matters of indisputable principle, on great principles of
right and wrong they might come to a final settlement ;
but when they came to deal with matters concerning the
comforts of the people, with fiscal arrangements, he said
that final settlement was an absiu-dity; and what was more,
that if Parliament were to attempt to arrive at final
settlement, it would be binding the first functions of the
Legislature. Why, it was their duty to consider the de-
mands of the people—it was their duty to consider in these
fiscal and commercial matters what the interest of the
country mainly required. He was not now speaking of any
of the questions of the present day more particularly. He
was only laying down a rule, that he thought every sen-
sible man, whatever his feeling might be, must subscribe to.
He said, they must shape their legislation, from time to
time, as the necessities of the country required, and as the
comforts of the people required. Why, was there not
enough in the proceedings of Parliament on this very sub-
ject to make themvery cautious how they embarked in final
settlements ? Why, the noble lord the member for London,
when he proposed this measure in 1846, expressly declared
that he did it with a view to a final settlement—and how
long did it last ? Not two years. It was passed in August,
1846, and it WRl—if he might be permitted to coin a new
word—unfinalised in July, 1848. In 1848 it was found
that the Legislation of 1846 was no longer tenable, and his
right hon. friend the then Chancellor of the Exchequer,
was obliged to come down to that house and propose an im-
portant modification in the bill of 1846, but the distress,
the very great distress, which had previously existed, did
not pass away. The alteration of the law however,
however, had a
t
lowerr
ell:octet.
thlannltB4Bt
hadtheeveprribceeenh.ad
retained
Ifts lf
ol el I to
for
2r a3l nsi
0.
mai;
&.
ent ocuio)rioli
cwt. The quantity of foreign sugar
sumption had risen under the new act to the enormous
amount of 1,120,783 cwts. and the consumption oco long
sugar had fallen to 3,500,381 cwts. The result of
change of the law in 1848 was to check this great consump-
tion of foreign sugar, and to give an encouragement to
home-grown sugar. He found that in 1849 the figures
materially altered. The foreign sugar consumed at home
amounted to 496,475 cwts., while the consumption of
colonial sugar had risen to 4,054,981 cwts. But in the year
1850 this state of things was again changed. In 1850 the
foreign sugar retained for home consumption rose to
820,967 cwts., and colonial sugar fell to 3,786,000 cwts. It
was in this year, 1850, that the great distress of these
colonies was again pressed on Parliament. He joined
an honourable friend of his, no longer a member of
this house, Sir Edward Buxton, in pressing the matter
on Government. He was then defeated, but he saw no
reason to regret the course he then took. The year 1851
passed by without any renewed effort, except that at the
close of the session he himself pressed upon the house in
the strongest terms, as he then thought, and still thought,
the injustice done to the British colonists, and that they
should adopt the plan which the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer had consented to adopt, namely, that the British
grower should be allowed to refine in bond. This was the only
movement which was made in that session. He now came
to that which had been pointedly commented on, and very
justly said—he made no complaint—by the hon. member,
namely, the notice which he himself gave at the close of the
session of 1851, that at the commencement of the session of
1852 he should draw the attention of Parliament ton,thres
subject, and press upon them the necessity of rnodifyin the
ltarnwthef, that at theTh
The hon.
egneneetinlemenatnofhlaid,ststsaotsesnido,niv_h-oietvleirropennmerwfeeencdtt
that notice, and at the time when the present
iu the order book
office
came into that notice was standing_
be came into office
in his name as a dropped notice.
he
gave
oavewhy he gave that
session, and he was now prim-Ariel t
whyexpitlawnamtionnost swirlisicihottohnetiho:ionA.t.oofgtseehanryritlnegmiatnfohlawdaarddivelartet-
thinmgeadoes
bnyothiceet,.
manadjoewty,hys concurredGheo,,ero
n
Inmatuthe connnencement of the last
regarded the sugar trac -,
n. the.
T h announcemente 813 f
to an amount entirely without prom-
o foreigne sugar entered for home con-
sseumssipOtnion wasl this
risen
e
of British sugar had fallen
p ion o orei
dent ; it had risen to I,297,o4tol37s96ts,.BqBndewithse.comnsuemypthionen
amount, an °lB5l.
slfounda,,e.:rioiwi inn msuegnasre,
ainndcreaaelitantanthTeeocuorsisfalludsmin.thta:off
idnf
colonialf
tshugoail;r.iceßhuatd tfhalaltenwtoasanhoetxtarliem. elyolovwa_rfar lower
amount
at that time without precedent, and far lower than the
price which had caused such panic and distress in igis.
In November and December of that year, the highest price
of any week was 21s. 10d., the lowest price 19s. Well,
what took place at the commencement of 1852 ? Why,
the prices kept falling. They ranged from 225. to 21s. in
February ; in the first two weeks in March they fell to
19s. Old., and in the last week the price was 20s.
The first week in April it was 18s. 5d., the lowest
price that sugar had ever been known in this coun-
try. This was the state of things in which he was pre-
pared to move in the spring of last year. The year 1851
had been distinguished by three circumstances of the
gravest importance connected with the sugar trade of the
country, wooly, an increue of foreign sugar, a simulta-