The Sun.
London, England, 1852-08-10 00:00:00

nu,
-
' Jolt
E•3l,
E
N°.18,685.] LONDON, TUESDAY a r;
• 7 AUG UST 10, 1852.

Art.PENING of the STOUR VALLEY RAIL-
vk 1 WAY.—GREAT REDUCTION of FARES from LONDON
to CIIESTER and LIVERPOOL, via SHREWSBURY.
NOTICE.—Passengers from London to Chester and Liverpool, by
taking tickets at Euston Station, to Birmingham only, will effect the
iollowing important saving :
Through Tickets from London to Chester and Liverpool will cost—
Express. Ist Cl. 2d Cl.
... 40s. Cl.i 33a. Od. 2IA. 01.
Od. 375. Od. 215. Od.

From London to Chester
„ London to LWerpool..
REDUC D FARES.
London to Chester.
London to Birmingham ...... •• .. 253. Od. 20s. 01 15s. Od.
Birmingham to Wolverhampton
(Stour VaPey Railway) ........
From Wolverhampton to Chaster
(Shrewsbury Lines) .

Is. Gd. Is. 6d. Os. 9d.

329. Gd. 275. 6.1. 20s. 3d.
As against...... 40s. Gd. 335. Od. 245. 0,1.

Showing a saving.....
London to Liverpool,
London to liirmingham• - 255. 01 20s.
Birmingham to Wolverhampton
(Rtour Valley Railway)
Wolverhampton to Birkenhead and
Liverp001...............,

Bs. Od.

. As against-- 455.

Od.

Gd. 28s.
Od. 375.

6d. 3s. 9d.

01. 15s.

ed. 03

Oil. Os

6d. 21s.
Od. 275.

Showing a 5aving............ lls. GI Bs. 6d. 5.. 3d.
These savings may be effected by the following traihS; trim Eus-
mn Station:—G, 9 15, 10 A.m., and 12 Noon. .._
• By order.
DUDLEY PARSONS, Thant Manager
to the Shrewsbury Companies Throu;la Traffic Committee.

_
London, July, 1852.
The interference with the Monopoly of the Chester and Liverpool
Traffic which the London and North-Western Company have so long
enjoyed, has led that Company to publish a "Caution to Travel-
lers," for which there is no justification. A single trial will suffice
to show that the above important savings can be effected, and the
journey performed over the Shrewsbury Lines with the greatest con-
venience.

ENGLAND and IRELAND. A.
via,HOLYLIED.
ALA - GREAT REDUCTION OF FARES.

NOTlCE.—Passengers from Dublin to Wolverhampton, Birming-
ham, and London, are informed that the following savings will be
effected by taking their tickets to Chester only. •A* through Ticket
taken in Dublin or kingstown will cost :

let Class. 2d Class.
To Wolverhampton ..... ...... 355. .. 275.
To Birmingham 4es. .. 30e.
• .
To L0nd0n......
By booking to Chester, they will en their arrival be able to re-
book by the Shrewsbury Lines (the latter passing through some of
the finest scenery in North Wales and Shropshire); at the Reduced
Fares, viz.
:
DUBLIN TO WOLVERHAMPTON.
First Class.
Dublin or Kingstown to Chester, 205., Chester to Wolverhampton 6s.

2G s. against 355.
Second Class.

W111CUMMEm..................01M1M11W
13, Great Marlborough-street.
COLBURN and Co.'s NT.NI7 PUBLICATIONS.
,kiellers.
To be had of all Bo
' IJE MEDIC'S. 3 vols.
I. Miss PARDOE'S LIFE of MARIE ..
Bvo., with fine Portraits. rCOLLECTIONS.
2. ';olonel LANDMAN'S ADVENTURES and h. '
2 vols. 21s. .
3. Captain 'MACKINNON'S ATLANTIC and TRANS,...
SKETCHES. 2 vole. 21s. TLANTIC
'4. Mr. HORACE ST. JOHN'S HISTORY of the BRITISH CON-
QUESTS in INDIA. 2 vols. 21s.
5. Captain SMITH'S NARRATIVE of FIVE YEARS' RESI-
DENCE at NEPAUL. 2 vols. 21s.
6. WILLIAM and MARY HOWITI'S LITERATURE and
ROMANCE of NORTHERN EUROPE. 2 vols. 21s.
7. Mr. DAY'S FIVE YEARS in the WEST INDIES. 2 vols. with
Illustrations. 21s.
8. SAM SLICK'S TRAITS of AMERICAN HUMOUR. 3 vols.

TILE COUNTI
The following is the official
corn, &c., received in the poi
Essex, from the lst Aug., 1
both inclusive

Colchester
Harwich
Leigh
Nfaidon

24,i;
500:
1166
1145

R Y MARKETS.
statement of the quantiti
►rt of London from the po
1852, to the 7th Aug.,

,
:73 g
74 +4
rt
50 -
397 -
10 77
42,

Lies
nt in
Vtri

fishery
with upon the coast of France and England, shall,
e respect to bays the mouths of which do not ex-
ceed ten miles in width, be measured from 2 straight
Hue drawn from headland and headland;" and this
provision was adopted b
end 7th Victorie, chap.y7n.
the Acto l):irlament, 6'h
when the - sHence it appears, that
tnoaLle of a bay in this country does exceed
ten,miles in width, wedon.ot claim an exclusive right
of fishing in it. But
this is
thea result of special and
reciprocal agreement with E
of jurisdiction has been
betweenattemrprde.No such
definition
the British
North American colonies and
thee United S ateei ; and it
would be well if some such arr enaent resulted from
this discussion. A sensible writhgetheNex York
Journal of Commerce remarks, thatr intlle claim. put for-
ssard by the Americans isobviousi
a construction would enable, in
.tyi
leixkcessive, for such
fishermen to enter Chesapeakel Bay and
case,
fish British
h .
n
three miles of Baltimore, though that city is 100 w miles within the American territory. But it is
possible
p
that if American fishermen have claimedineoxees disregarding even the three mile limit, landing on
ouse, coasts, and sometimes carrying on contraband trade
under cover of the fishery, on the other hand British
authorities may have extended their restrictions be-
tween headlands unreasonably distant. The true in-
terests of the North American provinces and of the
States of New England rather require a fair partici-
pation in their mutual advantages, and not a mis-
chievous and hostile policy of exclusion. We have
the same right to exclude the Americans from our
coast fisheries as they have to exclude us from their
markets ; but the wiser policy of both countries is to
adopt a more liberal construction of such rights, to
he general advantage of the population on both sides,
and for the maintenance of peace and goodwill be-
tween the States to which they respectively belong.
It will have been seen by the intelligence from
America which we published yesterday, that Mr.
Webster has now delivered himself of opinions on
the subject of the North-Eastern Fisheries coinciding
in almost all material respects with the views which
we expressed -
on Friday last. Making allowance for
the declamation in which
all statesmen of the Union
indulge, and for the temptations to oratorical extra.
which the political conjuncture suggested,
vcewea g anmay
ae ledge that Mr. Webster's speech at
Marshfield a
kiaLrwessed itself with great correctness to
at issue, though it was beneath the
the true pointsh
a
speaker to expatiate so emphatically
dignity of sue of the privileges in dispute, and to
make his appeal rather to the covetousness than the
justice of his countrymen. No one doubts the im-
portance of the fisheries in ques-
tion; it is t
productiveness or
his fact indeed which has given
rise to the embroilment.
Neither is it denied
•
that the
fishingtrade employs a vast num-
constitutes, as Mr. Webster ex-
ber of hands, and
e the very nursery of the American navy.
11
pressed it,
• •fy the
no more justify Bat such arguments as these can
encroaching Americans in upon the fishing grounds
of others than they would warrant Englishmen in
the useo deposits of Peru. If the advantages
seizing
recapitulated with such unction have been derived
from habitual tresp
acs they must either be surren-
dered or made the subject of fair negotiation. The
waters of the Bay
of Fundy certainly do not become
American waters by reason of their convenience or
satisfactory, value. It is
; however, to observe that the
ther:sicie of the Atlantic appear
first impressions on ei
correct
appreciation of the ques-
tionto be subsiding into a cor
ere is always consider-
abletb at issue; and though
conveying difficulty in popular ideas of inter-
national
believe the English public
difficulties, we
will soon be qualified to estimate this contest at its truemerits. There are two chief points in debate—oneconcerning the interpretation of a treaty, and the other
arising from the customs
and usages by which this
By the convention now
treaty has been exemplified.ters
the Americans are regulating these mat
ex-
cluded, on their own express renunciation, from cer-
tain bays and harbours en the British coasts,
defined. About this
ex-
cepting for purposes specially
doubt, but hast been
exclusion there can be no i
maintained in America that bays so large as to in-
elude a sea within themselves were not contemplated
by the spirit of the treaty, however they might be
of
comprised in its letter. The usage
law extends the territorial
'sovereignty of a coast to
a distance of three marine miles over the waters by
which it is washed, but no further; and it appears to
have been the American dcctrine, that if a bay or
inlet were so spacious as to admit of a vessel's en-
tering without coming within a league of either
shore such bay should be considered as open sea.
Now, by the strict interpretation of the treaty, no
less than by the accepted law on these subjects, we
entertain no doubt that the Americans are wrong.
'lt is impossible, with any semblance of justice,
to strain the terms of :a convention to suit the
purpose of one of the contracting parties.
The Americans are excluded by their own
act and deed from all bays on certain coasts,
of which the Bay of Fundy is one, and it can never
be permissible that after such a renunciation they
should be at liberty to decide for themselves what
bays should be considered bays, and what should not.
Moreover, the usage of law is again in our favour, for
it has been always held that in the case of coast-
indentations the waters included by a line drawn
from headland to headland pertained to such terri-
tories exclusively, and that the three marine
miles of ordinary jurisdiction were to be rec-
koned seaward of such line. On this point,
therefore, it will be readily comprehensible that
the case of the Americans cannot be main-
tained, arid we observe that, while Mr. Webster in
his latest remarks avoids allusion to it, its validity, as
against the United States, is frankly admitted by
some of their ablest journals. The next point is less
clear. Whatever may have been the limitations im-
posed by the convention of 1818, it is certain that the
Americans have commonly assumed the privilege of
fishing over many of the grounds from which they were
nominally excluded. These'encroachments have not,
indeed, been so general or so undisturbed as they
are now represented, nor, if they had been so, could
any legal rights have been thus acquired. But it is
incontestable that great freedom has been exercised in
this respect, and with less resistance on our parts than
we should have been justified in opposing, so that
when, with abrupt precipitation, and on the very eve
of the fishing season, a powerful British squadron is
all at once dispatched to enforce the strict observance
of the treaty of 1818, the proprieties of intercoursehe-
tween two such countries as England and America
may be reasonably thought to be infringed. As it
seems, too, that within the last seven years the right
of fishing over a portion of the disputed waters was
conceded to the Americans by a British Minister,
and that such concession has not been with-
drawn, the wisdom of our recent proceedings
appears still more questionable, Mr. 'Webster
accordingly, though he could make little of the
Ameriean title, strictly understood, had evidently
reason on his side when he observed that "an indul-
gence of long continuance could not be withdrawn, at
the season when the fishermen were just engaging in
their business, without just and seasonable notice."
The overbearing pretensions in which Americans are
sometimes wont to indulge themselves can never be
admitted. They divide the northern continent of
America with ourselves, and the fisheries of the coast
are subject to a corresponding division. But while
wo say thus much, and while we are prepared to
maintain that the strict rights of the case, so far from
pertaining to the Americans, reside wholly with our-
selves, we should be disposed not only to acknowledge
the claim to consideration which has been constituted
by usage, but to put a liberal construction on the
treaty itself. There is some foundation for the
argument that bays of large extent should not be
treated like smaller inlets, and we may presume
that Sir Robert Peers Government was influenced
by considerations of this nature in conceding to the
American fishermen the entrance to the Bay of Fundy
in 1845. In applying, for instance, the same rules
to European states, it would be clearly unreasonable,
supposing France and Spain were under the same
Government, that other nations should be excluded
from the Bay of Biscay by a line from Brest to
Ferrol, though the Bay of Biscay is undoubtedly a
bay. The opinions, however, so hastily expressed in
the American Senate were without justification in
fact, for the wrong doing was exclusively on the side
of the States, though they might have reasonably ex-
pected that encroachments so long connived at would
be denounced at last with less abruptness and
adjusted with more consideration for the feelings
of a people so nearly connected with ourselves.
The entire question concerns the liberties of
Americans in waters confessedly British. There is
no mention of any American territory whatever,
nor has any British vessel been dispatched to Ame-
rican waters. The fishermen of the States have been
pursuing their calling upon fishing grounds which
pertain to subjects of the British Crown. Long usage,
previous concessions, and even arguments of a broaderon
and more general kind, suggest that the question
should be treated in a liberal and conciliatory spirit;haee
but the law of the case, to which the Americans them;
and so intemperately appealed, is decidedly against
to irri-
and while we regret that measures calculatedso hastily
tate a sensitive nation should have
begat their own
adopted, we are constrained to observe
ad at
itate, n
proceedings have been equally P reciPSenate areth ill
such views as were expressed in thesbe dispute. It is
adapted to promote a settlement
of
no credit to its first step on an oc-
either State that

CHELMSFORD, AUG. 6.—Prices to-y were AS um:ow:—
Wheat, white, 42s to 488 ; red, 37s tools;
chevalier 28s to 335; grinding 22s w2Bs ; malt 55? to 565;
chevalier 55s to
,58s; oats 19s to 255; peas, partridge, 29'
to 318; white, 81s to 32s ; boiling, 32s to 355;
dun, new 28,
to 30s ; beans, tick, 30a to 33s ; harrow ticks, 305 to 3451
mazagan, 288 to 325.
COLCIIESTER A uc. 7.—Wheat, white 44s to 47s ;
to 42s ; oats, 185 to 21s; beans, mazagan 31s to 325; middy small 32s to 345; peas, white 26s to'3Bs, grey, 396th
er qr
for gra in :
32s ; barley, 28s to 308 p
. ....
.KIRICAI.DT, Aug. 7.--. The following are the quotations
Wheat. Barley '
.
First 42s Od 25s 6d
second. 40s Od 25s Od
Third 36s Od —8 Od
Oatmeal, per bag of 2801bs
i gIADDINGTON, AUG. 6.—Thi
grain at our market to-day: red 38
Wheat.

THE NEW MOVING PANORAMA.
THE GOLD FIELDS OF AUSTRALIA,
Painted from Sketches made upon the spot by J. S. Prout,
assisted by T. S. Robins, and C. Weigall, Members of the New
Society of Painters in Water Colours, will be OPENED on 'WED-
NESDAY next, August 11, 4t 309,, Regent-street, next the Poly.
technic.

dralsslon, Is. ; ReserVed Seats, 2i. ; Gallery, 6d.
At Three and Eight o'clock.

ST. MARTIN-IN.TIIE-FIELDS
EMIOR ATION.

To SHIPOWNERS, OUFITTERS, and Others.
The Board 'of Guardians of the above Parish are ready to receive
TENDERS from Shipowners, Outfitters, and others who are willing,
forthwith, to fit out and convey not less than twenty and not ex-
ceeding fifty-tWo able-bodied poor .persons who are at present in the
workhouse of the parisitof St. Martin-in-the-Fields, to Port Ade-
laide, South Australia. The persons whose tenders may be accepted
will be required to conform to all the regulations now in force of the
Poor-law Board in reference to emigration. Sealed tenders, stating
the. amount per head for the necessary clothing and other articles
which may be required, and also the amount per head for passage-
money, and other particulars, to be sent to me, at the Parochial
Oilier, 44,Castle-street, Leicester-square, superscribed " The Board
of 'Guirditml of St. Martin-in-the-Fields—Tender for Outfits," or
" Passage Money," as the case may be, on or before Saturday next,
the 14th inst. _ .

Oats.
20s ad
193 Od
183 Od
s

Beans.
—s Od

Peas.
—s Od
—3 Od
—s Od
0.1.
prices of

First
Second BBB 10d
Third
Total quantity of Wheat h
Do. Barley
Do. Oats
.._.

Any farther information may be obtained upon application being
made at the Parochial Office as above.
By order,
C. ROBERTSON GRIFFITHS, Clerk to the Board.
Aug. .6, 1852.

Beans

Barley.
29s Od
273
25a Cid
market
de.
do.

Dublin or Kingstown to Chester, lbs., Chester to Wolverhampton,
4s. 6d.
19s. 6d, against 275.
Thereby showing a saving of 93. Ist class, and 7s. Gd. 2d class.
DUBLIN TO BIRMINGHAM.
First Class.
- -

Dublin or KingstoNvn to Ches-te-r:2os,, Chester to Birmingham, 7s. Gd.

275. 6d. against 40s
Second Class.

Dublin or Kingstown to Chester, 155., Chester to Birmingham, ss. 3d.
20s. 3d. against 30s.
Showing a saving of 12s. 6d. Ist class, and 9s. 9d. 2d class.
DUBLIN TO LOND3N.
First Class.
Dublin or Kingstown to Chester, 20s.
Chester to Birmingham, 7s. 6d., Birmingham to London, 20s.

475. 6d. against 60s.
Second Class.
Dublin or Kingstown to Chester, 15s.
Chester to Birmingha
3 m,
d ss. 3d.,
inßirstmin4osgham to London, Its.
ss. 3. aga.
Blowing al; saving of 12s. Gd. Ist class, and 4s. 9d. 2d class.
By order,
DUDLEY PARSONS, Traffic Manager
to the Shrewsbury Companies Through Traffic Committee.

Dublin, July, 1852.
The interference with the Monopoly of the Chester and Liverpool
traffic which the London and North-Western Company have so long
enjoyed, has led that Company to publish a " Caution to Travellers,"
for which there is no justification. A single trial will suffice to show
that the above important savings can be effected, and the journey
per.onned over the Shrewsbury Lines with the greatest convenience.

GRAVESEND STAR PACKETS.
Fore Cabin. Saloon
oor from Gravesend, and London" •• 10d. . Is. 2d.
„ Gravesend and Blackwall and Woolwich Bd. .... N. 10d.
ietween Gravesend and Intermediate Piers.. Gd. .... Os. Bd.
N,, other rackets call at the Grays, Greenhithe, and Purflect riers.
The Packets call at the Piers as underlined (weather permitting).

FROM TERRACE PIER, GRAVESEND.

rime.

tg
11%
1%
8%
5

WEEK DAYS.

Time.

5
7

SUNDAYS.

Direct Trains from the Boats marked t
Omnibuses from Fenchurch-street Station to all parts of London
every quarter of an hour.
FROM BRUNSWICK WIIAItY, BLACKWALL, on the arrival of
the following Trains from the Fenchurch•stroet Station.

WEEK DAYS. I_ SUND•YS.
5 1 ~.-.
1•.5 '., 1 .-' a• g I " cu. •I 0
.1 , ‘5, 3 .7. 1
-,- , 8 iat t ;
rime. "3. 4' 5 a x<,., Time. _ co
.4-g,
1 . cl)
xg ! N S a f. ',4 8 51 s i, 8 o
rl ES 4 I 8 7
............... ....... ......... ........ ......... ......... ••••••••••• .......... ....... ' ~- .... +..",
9 4 •"' ..... .. 9 _ _
1l
I
11 1— 1 L.—
—
l'iM 1 .„„
N—— 1
_
1 ,)li
414
*54 1— !
6% — —— WI
, I

DESIRABLE RESIDENCE, EXMOUTH, DEVON.
TO be SOLD, pursuant to an ORDER of the
HIGH COURT of CHANCERY, made in a cause
CARTMICL against PROFFITT, with the approbation of JAMES
WILLTANI FARRER, Esquire, one of the Masters of the Court,
on FRIDAY, the 24th day of September nexf'
An elegant and very desirable FAMILY RESIDENCE, with
large Garden, and Pleasure Grounds, called the Temple, at Ex-
mouth, in the county of Devon. The Estate is of Leasehold Tenure,
held for a term of ninety-nine years, determinable on three fives. The
Sale will take place at the Globe lintel, Exmouth. ' '
The Premises may be viewed seven days prier to the Sale.
Particulars and Conditions of Sale may be had gratis, in London,
at the Chambers of Sir Richard Tonn Kindersley, late one of the
Masters, in Southampton-buildings, Chancery-lane ; of Messrs.
Baxter, Somerville, and Co., 48, Lincoln's Inn-fields; Messrs. Beis•
ley and Co., 1, Lincoln's Inn-fields; Messrs. Cole, Adelphi-terrace,
Strand ; and Messrs. Clowes and Wedlake, King's Bench-walk,
Temple ; and at Lichfield of Mr. John Cartmale, solicitor ; of Mr.
Thomas Hodson, solicitor : of Mr. William Greene, solicitor of
Mr. Charles Simpson, solicitors ; of Messrs. thorn and Moylne, so-
licitors, Stafford; at the place of sale, aml at the principal inns at
Exeter.
Dated the 3d day of August, 1852.

rassages marked are run direct.
BOAT TICKETS.—TweIve Months, si. Os. ; Six Months, El.
Three Months, 21. Os.: to be had of the Collectors on boar
packets; or Mr. Monk, Terrace Pier, Gravesend.
July 8, 1852.

ANCHOR ASSURANCE COMPANY,
67, Cheapside, London.
For the YOUNGER AGES the Premiums of Life Assurance re-
quired by this Company will be found lower than those of most other
Offices; while the BONUS ADDITIONS that are periodically made
to the sums assured from the Company's profits, tend still further to
lessen the outlay on account of premium.
Life Annuities are granted by the Company cat terms exceedingly
favourable to the assured.
Prospectuses may be had on application.
T. BELL, Secretary and Actuary.
Chief Agencies—Manchester, I, Ducie-place ; Glasgow, Buchanan-
street; Hull, Exchange-buildings; Newcastle-on-Tyne, Royal Ar-
cade; Plymouth, 5, Frankfort-street ; and 6, Hermann-strasse,
Hamburgh.
Applications for Agencies, in places wherenone are appointed, may
be addressed to the Secretary.

-s Oil

—s Od
2.9.3 Od to
g are the

NATIONAL ASSURANCE AND
INYESTI'LENT ASSOCIATION,
7, St. Martin's-place, Trafalgar-square, London.
The investment of money wit"' this Association, which was
established in May, 1t414, on a plan peculiar to itself, secures equal
advantages to the surplus capital of the affinent, and the provident
savings of the industrial classes of the community, and affords an
opportunity for realising.the highest rate of interest yielded by first-
class securities, in which alone the money is employed.
Moneys deposited with the Association, for Investment, aro
exempt from liabilities on account.of life contingencies, aswell
as
the expenses of management, which are borne by the Life Depart-
ment, in consideration of the business brought to it by investment
transactions ; therefore, Depositors enjoy the entire profits yielded
by their capital free from deduction of any kind—an
.advantage
which no other Institution, either public or private, holds forth, or
can afford, to its members.
Interest or Dividend, 5
pi
Stayablock, e half-yearly, in January and July.
Capita .ZlOO,OOO.
The Capital Stock is altogether distinct and separate from the
Depositors' Stock in the Investment Department. It constitutes,
with the Premium Fund, a guarantee for the engagements of the
Association, and has been provided in order to render the security of
the Assured complete.
LIFE DEPARTMENT.
This Department embraces a comprehensive and well-regulated
3ystein of Life Assurance, with many valuable and important im-
provement!.
Full information and prospectuses may be obtained, on application
at the Head Office of the Association, or to the respective Agents,
throughout the United Kingdom.
PETER MORRISON, Managing Director.
N.B. Applications for Agencies may be made to the Managing
Director.

THE INDISPUTABLE LIFE POLICY
COMPANY.
No. 72, Lombard-street and 24, Connaught-terrace.
TRUSTEES.
Richard Spooner, Esq., M.P.
J. Campbell Renton, Esq., M.P. I James Fuller Madox, Esq.
Richard Malins, Esq., Q.C. William Wilberfdrce, Esq.
The POLICIES are INDISPUTABLE, iu terms of the Deed of
Settlement of the Company, duly registered, and are thus rendered
CERTAIN FAMILY PROVISIONS, and NEGOTIABLE DOCU-
MENTS OF SECURITY. •
This Company has introduced, as more peculiarly applicable to the
Middle and Industrious Classes, a plan of SELF-PROTECTING IN-
SURANCE, whereby in one Policy for one rate of Premium, aro
combined an Insurance of a Sum payable either at death or on at-
taining'a specified age, and a pension or annuity after that age ; and
giving the full benefit of all Premiums that have been paid, although
the payments should at any time be discontinued.
ALEXANDER ROBERTSON, Manager.

UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE
comPANY,
Established by Act of Parliament in 1834.
No. 8, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, London.
The distinctive features of the Company embrace, amongst
others :
Tables of Premiums formed on the lowest scale compatible with
security, and constructed to meet the various wants or assurers,
and every risk to which protection by assurance can be extended.
One-half the Life Premium for the first Five years may remain on
credit.
Loans granted on approved Personal Security.
Assured not restricted in their limits of travel, es in most other
Companies, but may proceed from one part of Europe to another in
decked vessels, without License, and to Walsh North America, and
many parts of the United States, without extra premium, by merely
giving the ordinary notice to the Office in London of the intended
anted at slightly increased rates of
Policy in money transactions real
visit.
spereleuFin'rhiito.3l,le. -,wr
thusld oe icersi
gg Ta
Prospectuses, and every information, may be obtained upon appli-
cation to the Resident Director.

isEItoq:::::on, Esq. Eul
.
LIFE
,eLC:oahunlitadyidro..mne.hanairmart.
GUARDIAN :T./ a NROT oz. Ditsol I lstl, . ASSURANCELFAHOA.
R AMNNB EAu. ruRIFt,,-, !C.i ;0198nRR111.11E.,1 FIDE
Stewart Marjoribanks, Bub
Henry Hulse Berens, Esq.
relit' Dixon, Esq.
Francis Hart Dyke, Esq. .11ToolwllaAniEda.ritilizneity,enhleslul,E,NjsuicinP.:
Esq.
James Morris, Esq.
John llarvey, Esq. Henry Norman, Esq.
rohn G. Hubbard, Esq.
George Johnstone, Esq.
fohn Labouchere, Esq.
John Loch, Esq.
George Lyall, Esq.
A.. W. Robarts, Esq. •
E s q "Finsurers'n. ofB .a
nfote
_t
noftf
hPs a ro -t,
Lewis Loyd, jun., Esq.
S.uczErsav—George Keys. Esq.
isNTII
,ynoui
gri
crfilynelotsecos, hnT
h,
En,
i Henry
ACTUARY—Griffith
ITijOjj:Davies,i:oaelhmi:ire HenryT'
II
algeFriEt , D
thisE P A ltT
Companyll N
now T.— I . Tonffdeerrs theto
future
provisions
the Profits with QuinquettnialDivision, or a low Rate of premium
without participation of Profits.
The next division of Profits will be declared in Juno, 1855, when
all participating policies which shall have subsisted at least one year
at Christmas, 1854, will he allowed to share in the profits.
At the several past divisions of profits made by this Company, the
reversionary Bonuses added to the policies from onc.half the profits,
amounted, on an average of the different ages, to about 1 per cent.
per annum on the sums insured, and the total bonuses added at the
four septennial divisions exceeded 770,000/.
FOREIGN RISKS.—The extra Premiums required for the East
and WbSt'lndies, the British Colonies, and the northern parts of the
United States of America,-havb boon materially reduced.
INVALID LlVES.—Persons who are not in such sound health as
would enable them to insure their Lives at the Tabular Premiums,
may have their Lives insured at Extra Premiums.
LOANS granted on Life Policies to the extent of their values, pro-
vided such Policies shall have been effected a sufficient time to have
attained in each case a value not under 501.
ASSIGNMENTS OF POLICIES—Written Notices of, received
and registered.

IMPORTANT MEDICAL AND SURGICAL WORKS,
Just publivbed, by IL Bailliere, 219, Regent-street, Loudon,
No I.
Iwo., in cloth, price 55., by post free, ss. Gd.,

Oats.

ON TRUE & FALSE SPERMATORRT-EA
with the View to the Correction of wide-spread Error
in relation to the Treatment and Cure of Sufferers from Debility of them
Generative System, or Sexual Hypochrondriasis. Translated from
the German of Dr. PICKFORD, of the University of lleidelberg
—" Dr. Pickford is known to English readers by his frequent practi •
cal contributions to German medical literature. This is the first
time, he informs us, that he has addressed himself to the non.medi_
cal reader. We trust this may not be the last, if he
shall
detect any other equally flagrant evil which it may be in his
power to correct."—London Medical Gazette, May 30. 1851.
—" The editor has conferred a great boon on the sufferers from this
distressing malady by translating this little hook, and by laying bare
the scandalous practices of unqualified adventurers, who profess to
cure a disease of which they know nothing, with no other object
than to 1311 their own purses. The difference between true Sperms.
torrhcea and the various forms of disease which resemble it are
accurately described, and thus a safe guide is offered for the
treatment of the malady "—Medical Circular, May
5, 1852.
—" We have delayed so long upon the contents of the preliminary
chapter, that we have scarcely left ourselves space for any notice of
the subject specially treated of by Dr. Pickford ; but the moderate
price at which the ' brochure' is sold, places it within the reach of
every one interested in the matter."—Dublin Medical Press, April
8,1852.

No. IT.
Evo. in cloth, price 3s. 6d., by post free, 45.
THE CURE 'OF STRICTURE OF TUE URETHRA, on Princi-
ples at once Simple, Safe, and Efficient, in even its most Inveterate
OannilsaEpßpvarAenTuwyNlisitroacNtabTlHe FEorTmnsE.
ATromwili:NichTisodaF dsedp,EPRitmAAUTTOICAI.,
howtouse
RCEA BY CAUTERIZA.TION; its Inefficiency and Danger.
aboutgiven
the the i
is:l:op:ye BY F. B. COURTENAY,
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
"Those
Ntvhheo
commoncomp lai complain
instrumentsm st loudly
.are. those.. . onlyTil
The practice
wli o knowof no t
sur-
geons has been tuar.:ed with all kinds of violence, an indifference
all the excesses and horrors of surgery."—Jollll V'," Surgical
Observations.--,. In proof of his views he (Mr. Conrtenay) has
ocufrae of diseases, and a passion for operations and
period of twelve
as any which Mr.
symgreeatadmdauicieydrsaensdsonnccweshsfienhilyhetrheaatiledo,pears,ltbeadd.
Such aracases ix., xi., _...,
,u 1 and xviii. N0.i.7. had resisted, for a
removed in as many Weeks
Years, the trea-tmeill by dilitaf:icn, and was finally
in duration, severity, ' '
and compiication of symptoms, of a more ag-
gravated character than an d Syme,and yet the
treatment adopted Y etallecl by Mr.
But cases xviii. and xix. appear, both
lk _by Dlr. Courtenay eminently saccessflil."
.41004 444g§ on the T proved _ .

21s Od
19s 3d

Bca

31s Od
29s 10d

17s. 0.1 28s al
555 qrs.y 403 solo
42 qrs., 37 sold
251 qrs., 205 sold
62 qrs., 52 sold

.--YE9T2IIDA7.
he close of the market :
Elaswell lss 3d
Lambton .............
Russell's Iletton
Stewart's .. 155 0,1
South Hartlepool 143 6d
Adelaide Tees ..... 143 3d
Cowpan Hartley
Cramlington Small
Nixon's Merthyr and
Cardiff .........
it, ..... Sold, 46.

COAL attlit(E.
Prices of Coal per ton at t
Bate's West Hartley 13s 9d
Holywell
Longridge'sW.Hartley 14s 3d
North Percy Hartley l3s 9d
Penfield Moor
Canfield Moor Butes l2s Od
Townley... .. 12s Od
Wall's End, &c.
Northumberland
Eden Main
Hetton
Ships at markei

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
TIMES.—We have somewhat understated the case of the British Governinent in opposition to the
claims of the United States on the Araeiican fisheries
by omitting to notice the distinction between the
terms "right of fishing" and "liberty to fish" in the
treaties relating to this subjept. The former of these
expressions denotes a positive right ; the latter a pri-
vilege or concession granted by another party having
that right.- Both terms have been employed at dit-
ferent times in these negotiations, and not without a
distinct intention. By the treaty of 1783, which re-
cognised the independence of the United States, it
was agreed, that ." the people of the United States
should continue to enjoy unmolested the right to take
fish of every kind on the grand bank and on all
other banks of Newfoundland," and, further, that
" the inhabitants •of the United States should have
liberty to take fish of any kind on such part of
the coast . of. Newfoundland as the British
shall use (but not to cure or dry them on the
island), and also on the coasts, bays, and -creeks of all
other his Britannic Majesty's dominions in America."
This article was strenuously insisted upon by the
American negotiators at Versailles, and especially by
Mr. Adams; the British Plenipotentiaries at last only
assented to -it on condition of inserting the word
"liberty" instead of " right" in that part of the article
which relates to the coast fisheries. On this groundthe
British Government considered the shore fishery as a
privilege, granted by the treaty of 1783, and forfeited
by the next declaration of war. When the negotia-
tions for peace were again opened at Ghent, England
refused to renew this privilege of the shore fishery
without an equivalent, and some of the American
Commissioners were disposed to concede to us
the navigation of the Mississippi in exchange
for it. But they were outvoted, the privilege
dropped,_ and the Treaty of Ghent as welt 1
as the commercial convention that followed
were silent on the subject. The consequence was,
that some United States' vessels which attempted to
carry on the cod fishery on the British coasts as they
had done from 1783 to 1813, were seized by British
cruisers, and, in consequence of the disputes arising
on this occasion, the negotiation of 1818 was opened
on the subject, and a convention eigned, which was
intended, in more ways than one, to repair the omis-
sions of the Treaty of Ghent. That convention of
1818 has proved an unfortunate one, for one of its
articles gave rise to the queston on the north-eastern
boundary, and another is new under discussion.
But in the article of this convention relating
to the
fisheries, it is extremely worthy of notice that the
word "right' is dropped altogether. It is thereby pro-
vided that the inhabitants of the United States should
have liberty to fish in certain places, and the United
States thereby also renounced any liberty
before
enjoyed or claimed by them or their inhabitants to
fish elsewhere on our coasts. The term right does
not recur at all. This is the more remarkable
because, about two years before, a
very full official
correspondence had taken place between Lord, Ba-
thurst and Mr. Adams, then American Envoy in
London, in which this point was fully considered.
Lord Bathurst entirely denied, on the part of this
country, that any claims to the shore fishery
could
then, in 1815, be based on the treaty of 1783, which
had been abrogated by the recent war.lie added
that " the word right was, throughout that treaty,
used as applicable to what the United States were to
enjoy in virtue, of a recognised independence, and the
word liberty to what they, were to enjoy as strictly
dependent on the treaty itself." Mr. Adams asserted
on the contrary, in the broadest terms, that " thel
fisheries on the banks of NT
the open seas as in the
—ewfoundland, as
neighbouring bays, guile, and '
along the coasts of Nova Scotia and Labrador, were,
by the dispensations and the laws of nature,
in substance only different parts of one
fishery, and that it should not be a
,se-
veral,
but, as between Great Britain Thatant
the United States, a common fishery." ' ; was the doctrine contended for by the Ansericantis In
1816. But in July, 1818, Mr. Rush and Mr.
subject
Gal-
latin were sent to negotiate on this very. suuxH
(among other things), and we find by their well in
tions, which were signed by Mr. Adams, then Secre-
tary of State, that "the President authorised them
,to
agree to an article whereby the United States willesh
desist from the liberty of fishing and curing fish
within the British jurisdiction generally, upon con•
dition that certain other rights of fishing and drying
fish were permanently secured to theme This ,w, "
substantially the provision adopted by the convention
of 1818, but without any reference to the alleged
antecedent rights, which were consequentlrtheltVe '
abandoned ; and the case now stands merely on
_s.
terms of this convention. So much for the history of
instruc-
this transaction. Bat the practical point which Dow
presses on our consideration is mainly true boundaries of the British maritime jurisdic ion.
and whether the use of the word " bay" in the co
vention excludes the Americans altogether from
those •
or only
inlets or recesses of the ocean/ miles
from that portion of them which is within three
of the above. The term "ba "
Y is open to consider-
able.
latitude of 'Johnson defines it
construction.
e ..
is shut in
an opening into the land, where the water
on all sides, exceptthe
at entrance." Territorial
tracts of water,
and not to such great parts of the
rights incontestably extend over these
banks belong;
and are vested in the State to which the ban
f small extent,
and thisrule applies •
strictly to bays 0 Hudson's
Bay, which is in truth pa
mediterranean /, it
Mr. Webster somewhat inappropriately quoted to
Illustrate his correct rule we take to
argument. The
be that these territorial rights are
which may be drawn -headland to headland, and
from
make and enforce
that within such a line a state may its own laws and regulations. The most important
part of this controvers is then, the practical applica-
tion of
leip of law to the Bay of Fundy,
these Mac'
to which the I - o have had access by
American fishermen
The Bay of
Permission of this since 1845.
country
30 to 40 miles in
Fundy is •
an inlet of the sea, fret°
width by New Brunswick
, bounded on the west
and in part by the State of Maine, and to the east
portion of this bay
by Nova Scotia. Is the central
British fishermen,
accessible alike to American and
or are the British cruisers entitled to guard a frontier
liue drawn
across it? We are of opinion that the
British jurisdiction begins from the point at which
both shores of the bay are British territory ; and
though American vessels are entitled to fish anywhere
atedistance of three miles from the coasts or bays of
provinces, they have explicitly renounced the
libertyof or harbours, except for
entering such bays the purposes ofshelter,air, or water, and for no
repair, or
other rm.it may be contended,
"'Pr's° whatever. But m
on the otheaide,the magnitude of the Bay of
p... r that
unaY/ and the fact that the State of
°elide' coast 0 it, take it out of the rule which is conies-
-8 —4' applicable to smaller inlets of the ocean. This dis-
tinction . Unction has been ed by the law of England
itself in
reference recognised by
in the bays of these
islands. Bythe to fishing
cgonoladed with France in '
1839 " it
the distance of three miles '
Was agreed that
fixied 45 the genera limit for the exclusive right of
sea
awsbat are the

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[PRICE SD.

casion like this should have been to equip war steamers
for action, and we trust that the awakening sense of
both countries may speedily dispatch the affair by a
more reasonable appeal,
CiIRONICLE.—The grave misunderstanding be-
tween this country and the United States, to which
the question of the Am( ricen fisheries has given rise
—and which appears, from our latest Traesetlamic in-
telligence, to he daily growing snore serious—a ill go
a long way to dispel any amiable prtjujices which
enthusiastic persons may entertain in favour of ix-
provisine Secretaries of State. Sir John Pakington
and Lord Malmesbury have contrived, by their ig-
norance and folly, to blunder into a position in which
it is impossible for them either to advance with jus-
.tice, or to retreat with honour. Brilliant ability and
shining eloquence may, perhaps, be dispensed with
in the chiefs of the Executive departments; but the
very least which can be expected of men charged
with the interests of a great empire, is an average
share of information and a moderate amount of com-
mon sense. The Secretaries for the Colonies and
for Foreign Affairs have shown, however, that they
have not acquired the former, and that Nature never
gifted them with the latter. The state of the case is
shortly as follows. The Colonial Legislatures have at
various times sought to foster their fisheries by t 1
htritsueleyProtectionist system of bounties, but the two Ca-
which preceded Lord Derby's
they Administration
refused to sanction the adoption of a policy which
held to be radically mischievous. No sooner, how-
ever, were the present Government in office than they
hastened to promote in the colonies that commercial
system which they make a merit of having abandoned
at home. Sir John Pakington is like some Highland
laird who, in Bond-street, succumbs with disgust to
hea
thexauprejudice
etbeen
nouditcoetihnefavour of trousers, but who no sooner
plants l
e ihis
n foot on
discreet
pe hishnion
enough
nativebgeri .to hlrefeastt
the Colonial
h thanholl ohe
little
revertsael
scheme
Secretary with
i t
ofh
s
i
Transatlantic Protection on thee p en rdoeande e principle n
Colonialc l e of
non•interference with the
Legislatures--in a word, if hen had contented himself
with exaggerating the " local self-government" doc-
trine by allowing the colonies topeass.laws at variance
with the fundamental policy of th
have had a plausible, if not a defenseibmleP,irpeo—il
sitioenw. oßu dt
in alleging, as his ground for identifying, himself with
the colonial monopolists, the negotiations
co m merpeonfditnhge
with the United States of
,
Americathe for
commerce the settlement
of the principles on which
British North American colonies is hereafter to be
v h
carried on," he has most unnecessarily betrayed the
real object of the Government in theireir departure
from the policy of their predecessors. The above
sentence is evidently inspired by Mr. Disraeli's for-
mule, that it is " impossible to fight hostile tariffs
with free imports." The notable project of the Pro •
tectionist Secretary of the Colonies is to establish
reciprocity by aggression, and to coax the Americans
into giving us more than we possess by taking from
them advantages which they already enjoy. Not
content with endorsing the Colonial Legislatures'
project of bounties, the Government have taken
active steps to ensure to the colonists a monopoly of
the fisheries by sending an armed force against their
competitors. Even if we judge the conduct of Mi-
nisters from their own view of what is expedient,
they might at least have known that the Americans
are about the last people in the world from whom
anything is to be obtained by bluster and bullying.
There are no two countries in which national jealousies
teke fire so quickly, or rage so fiercely, on questions
of foreign politics, as in England and the United
States. In Russia or Austria, the policy of the
country is the policy of the Minister ; but
among ourselves and our Transatlantic cousins the
popular feeling is keenly alive, and exercises a poten-
tial voice in all questions affecting the foreign rela-
tions of the two nations. We shall not be understood
as objecting to a bold and uncompromising assertion
of just rights, or a courageous vindication of the
national honour whenever it is really at stake. But,
in dealing with a free people like the Americans, it is
above all things necessary that, before a claim is pre-
ferred—and, much more, before any attempt is made
to enforce it—its exigency and validity should be
clearly ascertained and established. It appears,
however, that Lord Malmesbury has proceeded to the
extreme measure of seizing American vessels, on
grounds which are totally inadequate to justify such
a step. It is impossible to contemplate without pain-
ful uneasiness the consequences of so rash and foolish
an exploit. The Government, in their extreme anxiety
to promote an exploded commercial system, have
raked up an old treaty of the year 1818, by which it
appears that American vessels were forbidden to fish
within three miles of the British colonial coast.
If a mere custom had grown up inconsis-
tent with the stipulations of that treaty, it might
surely have been a question whether it was desirable
to insist upon a prohibition which had practically be-
come obsolete, and the revival of which would conse-
quently amount to something like an act of aggres-
sion. But at all event', if it were deemed necessary
to enforce the strict letter of the convention of 1818,
the least that the Americans had a right to expect
was a timely notice and a courteous intimation. In-
stead of this, the letter of Sir John Pakington, an-
nouncing the withdrawal of privi!eges which long
enjoyment had invested with a quasi-legitimacy, was
conceived in terms unnecessarily offensive, and has
been followed up by acts of most unjustifiable vio-
lence. Nor is this all. With that peculiar aptitude
the Government
nuggets of Lord Derby's gold mine,
for blundering which seems to distinguish the official
have selected, as the spot on which
the only place
seizure under the treaty. of 1818,
to effect their first
exempted from its
which had been specially
Americans the
expressly conceded to
operation. It appears that, inhelB4s, Lord Aber-
deenndy •
right of fishing in the Bay of yet it is in
Fundy
'the English
that very bay, with regard to
monopoly bad been deliberately
English Government, that Ministers
a have thought fit
whichbandoned by the
aoast over all
of Bs
to re-assert it by violence. It seems as if the genius tronage
of blundering exercised a special p
their proceedings. On the whole c
not have effected the seizure with at least a
thriti h
North America there was only one bay wher.e ey
might
show of right on their side, and that is precisely the
one which they have selected. The Foreign Secre-
tall, will no doubt allege that he bad no knowledge
of Lord Aberdeen's negotiations with the American
Government--just as he pleaded, in the case of Air.
Mather, that he had dispatched his instructions with-
out reading Mr. Scarlett's dispatches. Lard Malmes-
bury's ignorance would have been an exceedingly
good reason for not making him Secretary of State ;
but it will be a very poor satisfaction to this country
for finding itself embroiled in an angry dispute
with America—and that, moreover, at a period when
the near approach of the Presidential elec-
tion gives Transatlantic politicians of all parties
a perilous temptation to adopt and exaggerate the po-
pular passion of the moment. The most violent lan-
guage has already been used in the Senate, both
against this country, and against the supineness of the
Federal Government in not having at once met Eng
land with the same violence which she had herself
employed ; and it will be seen, from the accounts
which we elsewhere publish, that even Mr. Webster's
official position and general moderation of political
g
feeling have not prevented him from making a belli-
gerent harangue on the subject to a popular auditory.
It is but too probable that by this time the fleets
of
the two countries are watching each other in a hostile
spirit. Such are the first fruits of the foreign policy
of a Government which Lord Derby not very reve-
rently announced as about to bring " peace on earth
and good will towards men." We are strongly of opi-
nionthe treaty
that it is undesirable to revive the restrictions of
of 1818 ; and there can be no question what-
ever that the seizure of fishing-vessels in the tßefly byo
Fundy, after the express permission granted every
Lord Aberdeen, is utterly irreconcileable with
hial grosslY
principle of international law. A fact which Colonial
aggravates the case is, that Lord Detr
t the under-
Minister in 1845, was a principal pars twe Govern-
standing then agreed to betweent
for his
snents. What excuse will beirateee
I] O a
conduct
up
in sending a hostile fleet of,thx ressiy abandoned, we
right which he had himself
important a transaction
e snould he allege that
he will certainly do something
ahree
haatdanloss e tool,
ect conjecture.
iont f
s 0
in his own departmen
g 'the favourite doctrine of his
party, that offibincial ienxperience is of very little advan-
tageof the Crown. In any case, the
towards
ster
to a
of the Government in committing this
aggression on American com-
ant
conduct
to a flag'.
country
without taking the pains to ascertain the ne-
gotiationsich bad previously passed on the sub-
very fair sample of the prudence, modera-
ted,
and w'
.
dom of the Administration under which
we ion,
have at present the good fortune to live.
WerCe
is a

The clearances from the port of London for the
gold colonies of Australia during the past week show an in-
crease. They consisted of seven ships to Port Philip, of an
Aggregate capacity of 3,003 tons (besides an East Indiaman
of 1,292 tons, freighted in part for that colony), and of four
ships to Sydney of 2,048 tons, exclusive of the mail-
steamer Sydney. There was also one vessel of 835 tons to
Adeaide, South Australia. The exports of manufactured
goods, as well as of wines, spirits, and tobacco, were again
large, although emigrants at present constitute the chief por-
tion of Australian cargoes, the number of these for the week
having probably been from 1,200 to 1,500. Among the
miscellaneous exports were two rather large consignments of
hops.