The Sun.
London, England, 1864-09-24 00:00:00

1171/ZKiC/6 k/2
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N°. 22,544.

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 24, 1864.

Nolv ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,

BANK OF ENGLAND, 22d Sept., 1864.
THE GOVERNOR and COMPANY of the
BANK of ENGLAND give notice—
That the GENERAL. COURT held at the Bank of Eng-
land this day is ADJOURNED till TUESDAY next, the
27th instant, at Eleven o'c ock in the forenoon, for the per-
pc,se ot taking the determination, by note in print or writing,
of the Question on the following Resolution proposed at the
Court for a Dividend, viz.:—
"That a half-yearly Dividend of Interest and Profits be
made, on the 10th of October next, of £5 15s. per cant.
without deduction on account of Income tax."
The Voting will commence at Eleven o'clock, and termi-
nate at Four.

ing, upon the other hand, how decisively the info.
ence of Russia operates upon the policy of Prussia
at every important period, and that the .Kreu:
Zei-
lung party—the best friends of Russia—are now at
the head of affairs in Prussia, the protractir, g tactics
of Denmark appear in quite a different light, and
it is impossible to deny the likelihood that her dar-
ing hopes may to some extent be realised.
" We trust that a decision will be come to in good
time at Vienna and Berlin, and a stroke be made
through the Russo-Danish calculations. But every
day's delay increases
the danger that the prelimi•
naries conquered in blood shall remain a dead letter,
and that Germany will again be offered that which
she has already seen twice in the Schleswig-
Holstein
question a peace giving the dwarf a right to
mock and challenge the giant for another decen-
nium."

and principal adviser and councillor ? Or Would it

S
0 N A N 1) H E I R.
"The author may fairly congratulate herself on having
achieved a legitimate success."—Saturday Review.

not be for Mr Lincoln's interest and that of his

party to h'y an injunction upon that voluble tongue
and forbid it to make any more speeches until after

" A remarkable and brilliant novel. Every page is attrac-
tive. We can give no idea of the power, beauty, and pathos
with which the story is told. It is one of the best novels of
tho season."— Herald.

he election ?

But Mr Se ward's speech had its good parts, and
was singularly and gratuitously chivalrous towards

Burst and Blackett, 13, Great Madly-Tough-street.

This day is published, and may be hai at all the Libraries,
in 3 vole„ post Bvo., price £1 lls. 6d ,
LORD OAKBURN'S DAUGHTERS.
By the Author of "East Lynne," " Verner's Pride," &c.
London: Bradbury and Evans, 11, Bouverie-street, E.C.

his colleagues. He positively went out of his way
to champion Mr Secretary Welles and Mr Secretary

HAMMOND CHUBB, Secretary.

Stanton, who are beyond doubt the two most un-
popular men in America. To Mr Welles—known
in the navy and to the newspapers as " Rip Van

grio PERSONS SEEKING LANDED
EE...ATES, TOWN AND COUNTRY RESIDENCES,
FREEHOLD AND LEASEHOLD INVESTMENTS, AND
PROPER PIES GENERALLY—
To BE HAD GRATIS, at the principal Railway Bookstalls
throughout the kingdom, or at the Auction and Estate Offices,
No. 67, Chancery-lane, London, Messrs. E. and H. Lumley's
"FREE PROPERTY REGISTER," containing a varied selection
of landed and house properties now in the market, from
the nobleman's mansion, with its manorial domain, to the
cottage with its few acres.
OWNERS OF PROPERTIES Wishing to Sell or Let can em-
brace the opportunity that the medium of 'this Register
affords, by sending the particulars of their properties to the
Estate Offices, 67, Chancery-lane, London, as the Messrs.
Lumley can in most cases introduce immediate customers,
where the property is of an eligible charaAer, thereby avoid-
ing the disadvantages of delay and its attendant incon-
veniences. _ .

Winkle "—the man of a bygone age, and not at this

CHEAP EDITION, price 25., This Day,
REV. ALFRED HOBLUSH AND HIS
CUItACIES. By the Author of "Bella Donna."
John Maxwell and Co., Publishers, 122, Feet-street.

moment half awake—is attributed by popular opi-
nion the datiaging fact that a few Confederate war

steamers have been enabled to drive American corn.

This day, in two vols., at all Libraries,
HISTORIC BYEWAYS.
By Sir C. F. LABCELLES WRAXALL, Bart.,

merce from the ocean, or send it into British bot-
toms—and to Mr. Stanton is, in like manner, attri-
buted every failure and reverse of the Federal arms
that has occurred since the dismsssal of Mr. Simon
Ca

Author of " Caroline Ma, ilia."
Contents : —Lady Diplomatists —A Prince in Search of a
Wife--Mr Carlyle's last Pet —A Tragedy in Waxwork - The
English Nobility—Learning on the ramp —The first Voyage
round thp World—Playing at Soldiers—The Reign of Madame
de Pompadour—Palace Tales—Old Times in Russia —Frede-
rick the Great and Catherine IL—Frederick the Great and
Voltaire—The Domestic Life of Frederick the Great—Was
Wallenstein Guilty 7—Secret Societies—A Royal Whim.
John Maxwell and Co , Publishers, 122, Fleet-street.

THERE IS NO CHARGE incurred, unless a tenant or pur-
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This day, at all Libraries, in 2 vois ,
ECCENTRIC PERSONAGES.
By WILLIAM RUSSELL, LL.D.
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VURNITURE, CARPETS, BEDDING, and
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Every article warranted.
CLERGYMEN and GENTLEMEN ABOUT TO FUR-
NISH are respectfully informed that Messrs. Cobbett and
Co. are publishing an entirely New Edition of their un-
equalled HOUSE FURNISHING GUIDE, illustrated by4lo
adm ^able engravings of every description of Furniture and
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An Eight-roomed ditto
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Wrexham, and above 300 other places in all parts of Great
Brita:n.
COBBETT and CO., General House Furnishers, Deptford-
bridge, London, S.E.

NEW BOYS' BOOK, BY STU C. F. L. WRARALL, BART.
This day, price 65., Illustrated, cr. Bvo., pp. 432, extra eloth,gilt,
TH E BACK WOODSMAN.
Edited by Sir C. F. LASCIELLFS WRAXALL, Bart.
John Maxwell and Co., Publishers, 122, Fleet-street.

PARLIAMENTARY DESPATCH AND AGENCY OFFICE,
No. 5, Upper Charles-btreet, Parliament-street.

AN ANALYTICAL INDEX to the DIVISIONS
of the present SESSION (1864) is in course of compila-
tion by Mr. GEo. M. MiTcIiELL, and will be ready for circu-
lation at the prorogation of Parliament. This work will
show members and their constituents how each member
voted, whether for or against public and private measures
during the session; total number of times, with majorities
for and against, &a.

Subscription, One Guinea.
Members can have their Divisions for the whole rarila-
ment in extenso upon application to the above office.

Forwarded free on r•Telpt of 12 stamps,
AFEW OBSERVATIONS on GOUT and
RHEUMATISM, by one who has never failed to cure
the same whenever it has fallen in his way. A sample bottle
of the medicine forwarded free to all parts on receipt of 40
stamps. Address R. Cameron, 40, Tavistock-street, Covent-
garden, London.

BUSINESSES.-Mr. ANDREW HIND'S
SEPTEMBER LIST,
Containing 600 Businesses, Premises, Partnerships, &c.,
Gratis.
Letters, enclose stamp.—Particulars entered free.
OFFICES—CORNER OF LITTLE CARTER-LANE, ST. PAUL'S.

TEATRE-ROY AL, DRURY-LANE
Managers, Messrs. E. Falconer and F. B. Chatterton.

The public is respectfully informed that this Theatre will
OPEN for the DRAMATIC SEASON THIS EV ENING,
Sept. 21, when will be performed, in consequence of the un-
qualified success which attended its revival last season, the
First l'art of Shakespere'a Play of HENRY THE FOURTH.
Sir John Falstaff, Mr. Phelps; Hotspur, Mr. Creswick.
THIS EVENING (Saturday), Monday, 26, and during the
week, the performances will commence with the Farce of
AN APRIL FOOL.

FAMILY RESIDENCE and LAND.—Mr.
ANDREW HIND has to LET a comfortable HOUSE
in Essex, fourteen miles from town, and two from a station,
delightfully situate on high ground, and commanding exten-
sive views. Contains lofty drawing-room, dining and morn-
ing rooms, four best and five o her bed rooms, kitchens and
cellars, grounds comprise plea,ure and kitchen gardens,
shrubbery, paddock, and meadow, together about seven acres,
with lcKhze entrance, stabl ng, coach-house, greenhouse, orna-
mental water, and bridge. Rent, on three years' agreement,
£120; fixtures, £5O ; or the lease for 18 years at £lOO. Price
with fixtures, £2OO. Cards to view may be had at the Auc-
tion and Estate Agency Offices, corner of Little Carter-lane,
St. Paul's, where a photograph of the house may be seen.

After which, at half-past 7 o'clock each Evening, the First
Part of Shakespere's Flay of HENRY THE FOURTH.
Principal characters by Messrs. Phelps, Creswiek, Walter
Lacy, Henry Marston, It. Roxby, G. Belmora, Edmund
Phelps. A. Raynor, G. F. Neville, F. Morton, H. Barrett,
Fitzjames, A. Raymond, T. Matthews, D. Cormack, &c. ;
Miss 11,1 en Howard, Miss Arabella Smyth (harp ( bligato to
song, Mr. Frederick Chatterton), and Mrs. C. Melville.

To conclude with the Farce, by John 0/milord, Esq., en
titled BEAUTY OR THE BEAST

At the termination of the Play the National Anthem will
be sung. Vocalists, Miss Rebecca Isaacs, Miss Arabella
Smyth, and Mr. Barticman.
• -

Doors open at half-past Six, commence at Seven.
Full prospectus of the Season Arrangements to be obtained
at the Box-office from 10 rill 5 daily.
On Saturday, Oct. 1, will be performed the Second Part of
Shakespere's Play of HENRY THE FOURTH.

JULLIEN'S CONCERTS.—HER MAJESTY'S
THEATRE.
Positively for One Month Only.
EVERY EVENING at 8.
Mdlle. Liebhardt—The Full Choir —Mdlle. Marlot De
Beauvoisin -M. Lotto—Full Band of 100 Performers.
Conductor, M. JULLIEN.
M. JULLIEN begs to announce that he has received the
following telegram horn Copenhagen : " The GUARDS'
BAND and VOCALISTS left firs alte: noon by the Chanti-
cleer." Immediately on their arrival they will have the
honour of appearing at M. Jullien's Concerts.

THE WIZARD OF THE NORTH.-
99 EVENING at 8 o'clock- 20th.and 21st Appearance
f Miss Anderson, the econd-Sighte,i Sybil. Secure your
stalls and tickets at Mr Austin's Ticket Office, 28, Piccadilly.
Open d any from Ten till Five.

MR. GERMAN REED'S New OPERA di
CAMERA ENTERTAINMENT.—TO-NIGHT, at
Eight o'clock, TIIE SLEEPING QUEEN, by M. W. Balfe,
Esq., the libretto by 11. Farnie, Esq., and sustained by Miss
D'Este Finlay,on, Mr. Whiffin, Mr. Wilkinson, and Miss
Poole. To be followed by TOO MANY COOKS, adapted
from M. Offenbach by Mr. German Reed, the libretto by C.
Furtado, Esq., and in which Miss D'Este Fiulayson, Mr.
Whiffin, and Mr. J. A. Shaw will appear. ROYAL GAL-
LERY of ILLUSTRATION, 14, Regent-street. Every
evening (except Satirday), at 8. Saturday morning, at 3.
Unreserved seats, is., 25;; stalls, 35.; stall chairs, 58., can now
be secured at the Gallery without fee.

The Oxford and Canterbury Hall Company (limited).

11 D,

TUO X F 0
6, OXFORD STREET, W.
During this week will be performed, Selections from the
following Operas, viz., THE TROVATORE, NABUCO,
UN BALLO IN MASCHERA, LA. FORZA DEL
DESTINO, by Verdi; and THE TWO GENTLEMEN OF
VERONA, by Sir H. Fishop. Principal Artistes : —Misses
Russell, Tyrr,ll, Walmsley, Fitz-Henry, and Barrie; Messrs.
Marini, Hush, Green, MArcello, and Albert.
Comedy by UNSWORT 11, EUGENE, W. Randall, C.
Burton, and Mdlle. Cavaiho, the celebrated Comedienne
and Mimic.

Admission—Area, 6d. ; stalls and balcony, ls. ; private
boxes, 10s. 6d.

The Oxford and Canterbury Hall Company (limited).
CANTERBURY lIALL3I
Westminster-road, London.
GRAND OPTICAL ILLUSIONS.
PRINCE BLOSSOM;
OR, THE FAIRIES OP THE MAGIC FOUNTAIN AND THE
FOREST OF SHADOWS !
Prince Blossom, Miss Tfownley.
Also, the New and successful Illusion, entitled THE
TERCENTENARY; or, a NIGHT WITH SHAKSPERE.
Operatic Selections, Glees, &c., by the whole of the talented
Artistes. Comedy by Mr. W. Randall ; Mrs. W. Randall ;
and those marvellous Gymnasts, Mes ,rs. TALLIOTT and
BURNELLI (from the Principal Cirque, Madrid).

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,moron to the splendid exile of the embassy to St.
Petersburg. For these maligned and persecuted
Ministers, Mr. Seward has nothing but words of
graciousness. Like a good fairy, he drops pearls
from his mouth, and like Ophelia in her madness
he turns every affliction into favour and prettiness.
The victory in Mobile Bay is not so much due to
Admiral Farragut as to Secretary Welles. " Far-
ragut's fleet," says Mr. Seward, " did not make it-
self, nor did Farragut make it. It was prepared by
the Secretary of the Navy." And as for Mr Stanton
—a man whose war dispatches are no mote accu-
rate than Seward's orations, the world is ignorant
of its greatest men. "He that shall record the
history of this war truthfully and impartially,"
exclaims the joyous sage of Auburn, " will write
that, since the days of Carnot, no man has organ-
ised victory with ability equal to that of Stanton."
Bat alas ! what is the use of ability if it be nun-

companiedby success? Carnot was successful, and
Stanton
ton is not. Richmond is yet uncaptured, and
Washington on Mr. Seward's own showing is still
beleagured, These facts reduce the ability of the
War Secretary to a point at which its value ceases
to be appreciable to the fervent patriotism of the
public.
The military situation no longer commends itself
to the exultation of sensible people. Mr. Seward's
" eggshell " has still some vitality in it, and may yet
be hatched into a very formidable cockatrice. Gen-
eral Sherman admits that although he has taken
Atlanta, he did not consider it prudent to attack
the undefeated army of the Confederates in the new
position which they have assumed at 30 miles south
of that city; and Secretary Stanton, aware of the
fact, notifies the public, through General Dix, that
he supposes it to be General Sherman's design to
withdraw his advance columns, give his army rest
in Atlanta, and re-establish his communicltions
with his bases of supplies, which have been broken
by the Confederate Generals Wheeler and Forrest.
General Sherman, in a letter that reads as if it were
not quite genuine, says if he has not achieved a vic-
tory, he does not know what a victory is; but if the
capture of a city from which the enemy had removed
all the valuables long before, and the occupation by
the said enemy of a new position cf his own choice
and in which his opponent does not see fit to assail
him, is a great victory, it is difficult to define what
can be meant by a small one. Evidently the great
battle of the Georgian campaign has yet to be
fought, and Sherman's position, 140 miles from his
true base, and with enemies in front and rear and all
around, cannot well be considered byeany impartial
critic or spectator as wholly devoid of peril. At
Petersburg and Richmond there is no change,
though there are many indications of a renewed

conflict for the possession of that portion of the
Weldon Railroad which the Federal army continues
to hold. Even should the Confederates deem
wise to leave Grant in unmolested occupation of
that point, the necessity lies heavy upon Grant of
making a movement of some kind, with or without
reinforcements. Burmuda Hundred is proverbially
unhealthy. The autumnal damps and fogs will
soon be upon it, and his men must either die, fight,
or remove to a healthier abiding place. It would
appear, however, that the initiative of fighting
will not be taken by General Lee ; that a por-
tion of General Early's corps has returned from
the Shenandoah to take part in the onslaught, and
that news of a great battle may be expected every
day. General Grant, in a singular letter to a pri-
vate friend, which has been sent to all the journals
for publication, asserts that " the rebels have uow in
their ranks their last man, and that they have robbed
the cradle and the grave equally to get their present
force." This is a strong figure of speech, and if there
be really babies and dead men in the Confederate
ranks, as the General says, Grant will have an easy
victory. It is not exactly the military style of writ-
ing, but it has a flavour of the Far 'West, and is
hugely popular. Grant, however,lis not a states-
man, a speaker, or a writer, and has yet to prove
that he is much of a soldier in anything but in
tenacity of purpose. This quality may be a virtue,
ifG Grant's
,s carriedten a ctoo
ty,favir .11
which
remainsremainsalready to be
seeu whether
cost
l 0,00
men, may not cost him, before all is over, one half
of his remaining army and the last shred of his
military reputation.

Mr, Aytoiui, M,P., on the Danish Question

In an address to his constituents at Kirkaldy, on Wed
nesday,
the hon, gentleman said—With regard to the Dano
German
question, he thought that the feeling was generally
prevalent throughout the country that Government, in de-
clining to involve us in war, had arrived at a sound and
wise eonclusion. (Applause.) He was of opinion that very
considerable misapprehension had prevailed for a long time
as to the quarrel between Germany and Denmark with re-
spect to the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. He thought
that at the time the negotiations were going on, and until
the debate in July bad given an opportunity for the ex-
pression of the ideas of persons who held different, and, in
some cases, diametrically opposite opinions upon this sub-
ject, the whole question was very considerably misunder-
stood. And to his mind one of the most extraordinary and
most erroneous impressions which prevailed was that we
might have conferred a great boon upon the Danes; that
we might have gone to their assistance and enabled them to
escape the calamities which had befallen them without in-
curring any great risk, or at all events without being in-
volved in a war of any great magnitude or any very long
duration. Now, he thought that this was a most erroneous
impression. Some people imagined that in undertaking a
war in defence of the Danes we should have had:to oppose
the force of the two despotic Germanic Powers—Austria
and Prussia. And he had heard Lord Palmerston blamed
since the conclusion of the session for taking what was
called "low 'ground" on this matter. Lord Palmerston
stated that in the event of us having gone to war we should
only have been able to send 40,000 or 50,000 soldiers to the
Duchies to defend the Danes, and that we should have been
opposed to an army of such magnitude that our 40,000 or
50,000 would not have been able to effect any considerable
result against the orce that would have been opposed to it.
Now it appeared to him that Lord Palmerston was quite
justified in the assertion which he made. Ho (Mr Aytoun)
did not think it could rightly be described as taking " low
ground," for a nation before going to war, to form an esti-
mate of the forces which it could spare for the struggle,
and of the strength of the force which it had to meet.
(Applause.) With regard, again, to the impression which
had prevailed that we should only have had to oppose the
two great despotic Powers, ho must also be allowed
to say that that was also a complete mistake. Ile
believed that we should not only have been opposed to
those Powers, but also to the entire population
of Germany. Mr Aytoun proceeded to give a
lengthy state.nent of the history of the Dano-German ques.
lieu, and to sketch the circumstances out of which the dif-
ferences across that ultimately issued in the war in Denmark.
He traced the connection which had existed between Den-
mark and the Duchies, and showed that the relationship
between them had always been of a complicated character,
arising, among others, out of the different orders of succes-
sion that prevailed in Denmark and the Duchies. lle be-
lieved that for the last 20 years great dissatisfaction had pre-
vailed in the Duchies against the Government of Denmark.
He begged it moreover to be borne in mind that in Germany
what was called the principle of nationalities had been
adopted with great ardour by the people. Over all Europe,
in fact, there seemed at present a great desire among popula-
tions of the same race to become united under the same Go-
vernment. A feeling prevailed among the German people,
not only to unite all the different members of the Confede-
tion morel closely together; but to draw into Qat uhim those

1`.4. EIN S PAPE Tei '
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he service of the Emperor Of China40\64,4:100...,L
was a course entirely opposed to all prin., ": '', 4 7-111.2:'
tional law He saw, however, in a paper pirTstfakEid t io- . ./
day, which was devoted to giving news fronPthi ~, , /Id
Japan, that arrangements had been made for training Chi-
nese soldiers under British officers. Now, it appeared to lira ,
that if we allowed this to be done, if we supplied the Impe-
rial Government with the moans of overcoming their ene-
mies by giving them men trained under British officers that
we should be just as much responsible as if we allowed these,
officers to take service in the imperial army. He hoped the
Government of this country would be induced to give up
all interference in China, and that they would abandon a
system which, he believed, involved us in very serious re-
sponsibilities, and which he was sure sooner or later, if it
was persevered in, would compel us to take inore active
steps in order to bring to an end those disasters which that
policy would inevitably bring upon the Chinese.

~~,

PRICE ...... ...4d.
STAMPED'....Sd.

other populations, such as Holstein, which was already a
portion of the Confederation, and of Schleswig, which
was not included in the Confederation. The question of
embracing these Duchies had deeply engrossed the mind
of the whole democratic class of the German population.
It was, 'therefore, he urged perfectly clear that this
party in Germany would have supported their Government
in whatever course they took. This question of the duchies
was, in short, ono of those very few questions on which the
Democratic party in Germany could possibly have united
with the two despotic powers of Austria and Prussia. It
was therefore perfectly clear that if we had gone to war wa
should have found ourselves opposed riot only to the two
gro it Powers he had mentioned, but likewise to the whole
population of Germany. It could not fail accordingly to
strike every one that it would have been a war which we
could not have carried on without attacking the dominions
of the Powers to which we were opposed in other parts
of Europe. If we made war with the whole of Germany
and Austria and Prussia, we should have been. obliged to
blockade the ports of the Baltic and to have attacked
the Austrian dominions in the Adriatic ; so that we
would not only have waged a war of the very greatest
dimensions, carried on in various parts of the wortd, but
a war, the duration of which no one could possibly foresee,
and the results of which would have been most uncertain.
After sketching the history of the treaty of 1852, he went
on to say that even supposing that we had disregarded the
consequences of war—that we were willing to incur all the
risks and losses which war inevitably entails upon those
who were engaged in it, we should in the event of proving
successful and defeating the Germans, have not known what
to do with the Duchies. If we had succeeded in driving
the Germans out of the Duchies, we should then have been
reduced to the necessity of saying to the people of these
Duchies, "You must accept a Government whom you do not
wish to be placed over you." He did not believe that any
Liberal or Conservative Government mould have adopted
such a course, or if they had, that the people of this coun-
try would have tolerated it, It might be that the people of
the Duchies might yet find themselves much worse off
under the rule of Prussia than under that of Denmark; but
he thought it could not be denied that the Danes had pur-
sued a very unwise course in connection with this matter.
He did not defend the course which had been pursued by
the two great despotic powers, for ho thought they had done
a great deal which was entirely indefensible ; but he thought
that the Government of this country in deciding not to
enter upon a disastrous European war had come to a wise
conclusion; and he believed that public opinion through.
out the country had already pronounced in favour of the
position which the Government had taken up in this
matter. (Cheers.) The next most important matter after this
Dano-German question which came before Parliament, was
the Budget. Now, he believed that the remission of taxa-
tion which the Chancellor of the Exchequer made in the
Budget was perhaps, upon the whole, as satisfactory an ar-
rangement as the people under the circumstances expected.
The remission of the duties on sugar was calculated to give
relief to all classes; and the remission of Id on the income
tax, small as it was, would, he had no doubt, likewise gene-
really be considered satisfactory. But there was one point
in the Budget, which he did not think was equally satisfac-
tory, and that was the manner in which the duties on fire
insurance had been dealt with. (Applause.) He thought
that this was one of the worst taxes by which the public
revenue of this country was collected. It was a tax, so to
speak, upon prudence. It tended to check the habit of
saving money, in order to provide against the contingency
of destruction of property by fire, and as being opposed to
the cultivation of a prudent habit he thought it might bo
called ono of the worst taxes in the country. There were two
courses open to the Chancellor of the Exchequer, which he
might with advantage have adopted. He might either have
reduced the duties upon all classes of property upon which
duty was paid, or he might have made a larger remission
on one class, and left for the present the duty as it was
upon the other classes of property. The Chancellor had
adopted the latter course, and diminished the duty on fire
insurances on stocks in trade, while he left the duty upon
houses and furniture. This, he thought, was a defect in
the Budget, but he did not think it offered a sufficient reason
for compelling the Government to reconstruct the entire
Budget. He hoped the duty on fire insurance would be
reduced at no distant time upon other classes of property,
as well as upon stocks in trade. He would like now to be
allowed to say a few words upon the colonial policy of this
country. He thought that at present this subject was
occupying more attention than it formerly did, more espe-
cially in the House of Commons ; and he was rejoiced to see

Naval and Military Intelligence,

.--.-.-__.,_,,g,.,_..,...---

owLveaehjadctenhesiine
et
heh.raoadEtiii
reinforcements
troopshipetnturnh:eoeecrbthhc:eniolrmrone!eeearnoeitfanstg,
to m
sLightrs Brigade,Mackay
andl,tons,2lC4o
1,
the Brack
NBt
ew zkhe G,l;3oavi 1;1:1
eeuemenoktfbi
acaf
rlonikrpzpdt ehrteTrs
troops
ps
epr
from Government-quay, Gravesend,
y
consisted of 18 non-commissioned- officers and men of the
4th battalion of the military train from Woolivich— 32 non-
commissioned officers and men and one officer's servant of
the Royal Engineers, from Chatham-84 non-commissioned
officers and men of the 70th Regiment, from Colchester-70
men of all grades and four drummers and buglers of the Ist
battalion of the 12th Regiment, from Chatham-171 non-
commissioned officers and men of the bOth Queen's Own Re-
giment, from Portsmouth-44 non-commissioned officers
na no
nd
-nac
oemn
stshi
oe
n4e3ddoLight e
rsalnfantry,namen for of mthCehAa thrma
ym
oand 10 s
pi
al
Corps. The following officers embarked with the rein-
forcements :—Major Thomas E. Holmes, 43d Light Infan-
try, in command—Lieut Lionel St Anbyn (wife and child),
4th battalion Military Train—Lieut W.HatchinsonMulloy,
Royal Engineers—Ensigns Henry Pnlsford Hobson and
Henry Stewart Bolton, Ist battalion 12th Regiment—En-
signs Digby T. Brett, Tavern C. Miller, F. Rewan, and R.
C. J. Lyons, 4,?d Regiment—Lieuts C. F. Young and R. S.
M'Gregor, 50th Queen's Own Regiment—and Lieut Chas.
Rogers, 70th Regiment—total, 12 officers, one officer's wife,
and child, one officer's servant, and 431 non-commissioned
officers and men, the whole in medical charge of Staff
Assist Surgeon Wallace, M.D. The Light Brigade is fitted
up in a most excellent manner, and is supplied with every
requisite for the health and comfort of the officers and
troops during the voyage. Her main deck is light and lofty,
giving 8 feet 3 inches clear. Only troops are carried,
there being no passengers on board. The vessel, is fitted
with one of Dr Normandy's condensing apparatus, which
is capable of distilling 500 gallons of fresh water daily from
the sea during the voyage. In addition to her troops the
Light Brigade carries out a large and valuable miscellane-
ous cargo to the colony. The vessel was inspected previous
to the embarcation of the troops, by Major-Gen. Sir Robert
Walpole, K.C.8., accompanied by Ws Staff, when the ar-
rangements for the accommodation of the troops on board,
as well as the provisions intended for their consumption,
were considered satisfactory. Major-Gen. Walpole also in.
spected the troops at Chatham prior to their embarcation.
The different corps were embarked yesterday under the
superintendence of Brigade-Major W. Congreve and the
officers of the quartermaster's staff at Chatham garrison,
and in order to enable the troops to settle comfortably
down on board before the vessel proceeds to sea the Light
Brigade will not take her departure from the Thames until
I to-day.

The War Department transport Bomarsund, Mr Spicer,
master commander, shipped from the Ordnance-wharf,
Chatham, yesterday, 12 of tha 110-pounder 84 cwt Arm-
strong guns, and 8 of the 140-pounder naval Armstrongs
for conveyance to the Royal Gun Factory, Woolwich, for
the purpose of having some defects in the arrangements fot
sighting them made good, The Bomarsund will convey a
supply of War Departraent stores from Woolwich to
Chatham.

The screw steam corvette Brisk, 16, Capt. Charles W.
Hope, in Plymouth Sound, was inspected yesterday (Friday)
by Port-Admiral Sir Charles 11. Fremantle, K.C.8., and is
appointed to sail to-day (Saturday), for her station, Aus-
tralia.

The screw steam frigate Doris, 30, at Plymouth, has made
several trials of her engines and machinery lately. Some of
these trials were for the purpose of testing a new mode of
ventilation, which does not appear to have been very suc-
cessful. On Thursday she was hauled from Hamoaze into
the north basin at Keyham, to be completed for the first
division of the Steam Reserve.

The Black Prince, 40, screw, iron frigate, Capt. James
F. B. Wainwright, arrived at Spithead yesterday morning
from the westward, and on anchoring exchanged salutes with
the flagship of Admiral Sir M. Seymour, G.C.8.; the Vic-
tory, Capt. F. Scott, C.B , and A.D.C. to the Queen. Capt.
the Right Hon, Lord F. H. Kerr, rucceeds Capt. Wain-
wright in the command of the Black Prince, the latter'olU.
cer being appointed to the Governorship of Bermuda.
The Glatton, 14, screw, iron cased floating battery, 1.535
tons, 150 horse power, is having her machinery taken out
in the steam basin of Portsmouth dockyard, preparatory to
being broken up.
The Racoon, 20, screw corvette, Capt. Count Gleichen, is
in the Warrior dock at Ports non, h repairing damage to her
false keel. Her lower yards and topmasts have been sent
down, in process of her refit for further service.

this, because he was convinced that if we were to reduce the
expenditure of the country it must be in reforms in our colo-
nial policy as well as in the policy we pursued in the semi-
civilised countries of the East. There were soma persons in
this country who argued that the colonies were of no use,
and who considered, simply upon economical grounds, that
they did not pay, and ought to bo given up by the mother
country. Now, he did not agree with these persons. He
thought that having founded colonies in distant parts, and
having induced our countrymen to go out to these colonies,
we were bound to afford these countrymen that protection
which they were led to expect when they went out to settle
in those distant places. But he maintained that as these
colonies increased in wealth and strength. they were bound
to take a share in the expenses attendant upon their own
defence, Let him ask whether this course had been pur-
sued with respect to our different colonies ? If it had been
pursued we should have found that our more advanced colo-
nies would now have been paying considerable sums to the
mother country, or would have been providing largely in
the shape of local troops or militia for their own defence.
We found, however, that in Canada nothing of this kind
had taken place. When we sent out a considerable force:to
Canada after the affair of the Trent, and when there was a
fear of hostilities with the United States, it was expected
that the colonies would have made great exertions, and
would have raised such a force as—acting in conjunction
with the regular troops which wo sent there—would have
rendered Canada quite safe from attack. We found
however, that the Canadians did nothing of the kind ; but,
on the contrary, rested all the obligations of defence on this
country. All the recommendations sent out to them to in-
crease their forces had produced no effect upon them what-
ever. At one time we were told, as an excuse for their
doing so little fur their own defence, that this resulted from
certain political complications, and that when these com-
plications were at an end the Canadians would raise a very
large and effective militia. In reality, however, it had turned
out that the people of that country seemed to imagine that
it was not their duty to provide in any considerable degree
for their own defence; or, if this were not the case, they at
least seemed to think that no force was requisite for thispur-
pose. The Canadians told us that if they become involved
in any war with the United States, it would be from their
connection with the mother country. They said that they
could not be attacked by the people of the United States for
any other reason than that the people of the United States
had some ground of quarrel with the people of Great Bri-
tain. The Canadians, in effect, said, "When we were ex-
posed to danger in connection with that affair of the Trent,
it was only in consequence of a quarrel which was not ours
but yours ; therefore you should provide for our safety.',
He thought that was a view of the question which could not
be sustained by argument. We could not be united with a
country on such conditions as these. It could not for a mo-
ment be held that whenever the people of Canada had any
favour to, ask from this country—whenever they wanted
money at a cheap rate for the construction of their railways
—whenever they wanted anything done to:promote their ma-
terial interests, that we should do our best to fulfil their
wishes; while, when we go to them and say that we are
willing to assist you—that it is your duty in the first instance
to provide for the safety of your own territory, they turn
round and tell us that their sole danger arises, not from
their own quarrels, but from those of the mother country.
He thought that such a state of things could not continue.
He thought that the Government of this country, in not
urging more strenuously upon the people of Canada to pro-
vide for their own defence, and in not telling them that
there might be an alteration in this respect, were doing
more to endanger the connection between this country and
the colonies, and doing more to shorten the period during
which the mother country and the colonies might be united,
than all the writers such as Professor (ioldwin Smith, who
had written in favour of separation on the ground of econo-
my. After referring to tho recent loan granted to New Zea-
land, and condemning the policy of granting loans as a
most erroneous policy, Mr Aytoun proceeded to make some
remarks upon the war which is at present raging in New
Zealand. He said that, being involved in the war, nothing
remained to us but to bring it to a conclusion as soon as
possible. The remedy which he thought the British Go-
vernment should bring into operation, with a view to pre-
venting future wars in the colonies, was this. The Go-
vernment should say to the colonies —" We shall assist you
to defend yourselves in the lands which you at present oc-
cupy; but if you insist upon going beyond your limits and
taking possession of lands other than those you at present
possess, you must do so at your own risk and at your own
cost." (Applause.) It was almost a self-evident proposi-
tion that wherever the people of a country found that they
could make war without any considerable expense to them-
selves that they would be very careless in avoiding, as
they ought, to do, all causes of collision. He believed that;
we would never be free from these colonial wars until we
made up our minds to throw upon the people of the colo-
nies the entire cost of these wars, which it was in their
e
epoonwseidr,ermatoiroentohiaonurinpooliucrysintothaevEoi. asdt,
hPeasesixporgesnseeadthtois
otphi
nion that it was our duty as well as our interest to preserve
a policy of strict neutrality in eastern countries similar to
the policy which we pursued in Europe and in America.
He was very much afraid, however, that the policy of non-
interference which we carry out in regard to civilised
nations we were neglecting to carry out in the East.
British subjects had been allowed by an Order in Coma
cil, which Wee novr repealed, to take commission in

The Royal Alfred, 35, iron cased frigate, will be launched
at Portsmouth on the 16th prox , minus her armour plating
which will afterwards be affixed to her sides.
The Sparrowhawk screw gun corvette has been masted
under the new tubular sheers in the steam basin of Ports-
mouth dockyard, and is fast progressing in her rigging and
outfit for commission.
Her Majesty's screw troopship Urgent, with the head-
quarters of 'the 2d battalion Scots Fusilier Guards, under
the command of Col, F. Stephenson, C.B„ was to leave
Quebec on the 14th inst., and is expected to arrive at Ports-
mouth on or about the let prox. The battalion will be sta-
tioned at St. George's Barracks on its arrival in London,
The Wolverine, 20, screw corvette, Capt. A. F. R. do
Horsey, is complete in her refit at Portsmouth, with the
exception of the removal of her wooden catheads from her
bows, and is expected to go out of harbour to Spithead on
Tuesday next.
The Rosamond paddle corvette (late Eclair), 1,059 tons,
is being broken up, under contract, in No. 9 dock at Posts-
mouth.
The Thunderer sailing line-a-battle ship has been cut
down to her maindeck port-sills in dock at Portsmouth, and
is being fitted as the future target ship for testing armour
plates at Portsmouth. For this purpose her lower dock will
be fitted inboard and thwart ships with a splinter-proof
battery for four guns; a 40in. timber butt, 34ft. distant
from the muzzles of the guns, for the armour plates to rest
upon; and, forward of the armour plate butt, a splinter
screen to arrest the further progress of any part of the pro-
jectiles which pass through the armour plates and butt.
The sides of the ship on the lower deck, in the space be-
tween the battery and the armour plate butt, will be lined
with 1-inch iron, It will be nearly the spring of next year
before the work is completed.
The Warrior, 40, screw iron frigate, Capt. the Hon. A. A.
Cochrane, C. 8., completed her coaling up to 700 tons on
Thursday, and is under orders to rejoin the Channel fleet.
Five hundred tons of coals were taken on board at Spithead
on Thursday by her own crew in less than eight hours.
The Warrior weighed her anchor at 6 45 p.m., with steam
up in her after boilers, for Portland.
Her Majesty's steam troopship Dee, Master Commander
Raymond, having shipped a couple of boilers for the Helicon
at Portsmouth, and other stores for that and Plymouth,
yards, yesterday left Woolwich for Greenhithe to adjust
compasses for sea. The Dee, according to present orders,
will embark a number of second-class lads from the Fisgar3
on Monday and will leave Greenhithe for her destination,
Permission has been granted by the Board of Admiralty
to'tho Turkish officers belonging to the frigates Relepers
Nnsreth and Estonrel, now being engined by Mr John
Stewart, at Blackwall,to go through a course of Armstrong
gunnery instruction on board the flagship Fisgard, at Wool-.
wich, with a view of making themselves thoroughly ac-
quainted with that species of armament intended to be
adopted by the Turkish fleet. A number of the officers
sufficiently conversant with our language have consequently
been in daily attendance at Woolwich during the week, and
apply themselves to the work most zealously, carefully
noting down in their memoranda the peculiar denomina-
tions of each part of the gun, and phrases used by the
gunners. The old flagship still remains without her top-
masts, and the main and mizenmasts are in a fearfully de-
cayed condition. It is high time their Lordships seriously
considered the necessity of replacing her with a ship more
roomy and better adapted for the service in which the Fis-
gard, now quite rotten, has been for so many years em-
ployed.
the The h
possibility
decks
of are
furtherlea ky, and
repair. the ship throughout is
beyond
The 31st Regiment, commanded by Col. Eager, at present
quartered in the Raglan Barracks, Devonport, are under
or
daero for
depart the camp atAldetrhsehmot., whence
2dthQeueGenth'sßoewgin*
rat will to
relieve
Regiment, commanded by Col. Addison, also quartered in
e
Raglan Barracks, are expecting orders for the Curragh,
Ireland. It is reported at Devonport that the 2d will be
relieved by the 75th.
On Thursday the troops of the 16th Lancers, stationed at
Colchester, were reviewed by Major.-Gen. Lawrenson, In-
spector-Gen. of Cavalry, who was attended by Capt. Fraser,
his aide do camp. Major-Gen. Lawrenson expressed to Col.
Dickson his general satisfaction with the appearance of the
regiment.
The following officers have passed their examinations at
the Royal Naval College, Portsmouth, in steam, and have
received their certificates accordingly:— Commanders James
East, D. G. Davidson, Peyton Blakiston, E. F. Holme,
Edward Stubbs, and Capt. J, B, Oldfield.
The following appointments and promotions were made
yesterday at the Admiralty : Lieut. Alfred Markham and
Lieut. Hugh S. Baillie, to the Achilles—Charles Bowden,
master in command of the Supply, promoted to be staff
commander---F. 0. Hartshorne and H. C. D. Ryder, mid-
shipmen to the Geyser—J. Bruce (b), promoted to be chief
engineer—and Henry J. Davies, assistant-clerk, to the
Blenheim,

LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPT. 24, 1864.

We are glad to find the question of long leases
is being brought under general discussion. It has,
of course, been never left entirely in abeyance, but
of late it has as frequently come up in speeches,
addresses, and meetings of an agricultural cha.
racter, that it is evident it is occupying the minds
o" farmers and landowners to a great es tent.
Atwhich a
hon.
Worcestershire meeting the other
day, at
Sir JOHN PAKESGTON presided, the right
baronet sp)ke at some length on the suhjcct, and
urged wrangly upon his hearers the advantages et
the long lease system. It was the only means he
declared of giving farmers that security to which
they were entitled before expending a large
amount of capital on their farms. This view at
once approves itself to common sense, and to all the
principles on which the business of every day lift
is carried on. No rational man expends his capital
in pushing a trade or carrying out a speculation
without some security that he will have, at least,
a share in the profits, but the farmer is expected
to make his outlay without any such guarantee.
commercial life, the man who so acted would be
called a rash and improvident speculator, whereat,

a farmer who does not do his best to improve his
land, is stigmatised as neglectful of his business
and of the interests of his landlord. Farming, like
other trades or professions, usually demands a con-
siderably outlay, before much return can be ex-
pected, and the larger the farm the greater the
capital required. Agriculture, too, pays slowly,
but surely. Its low rate of interest being, as Mr
DISRAELI said the other day in Buckinghamshire,
compensated for its security. But the security of
a farmer on a short lease is a very different thing
from that of the occupier of his own farm, or of a
tenant who holds his ground a long term
of years. In speaking on this subject, Sir JOHN
PAKINGTON remarked that tenants often objected
to long leases on the ground that they had confidence
in their landlords, while landlords disliked them
becauae they were anxious to retain their power
over the land. Sir JOHN, with his plain English
sense and straightforwardness, soon disposed of both
these objections. Tenants, he said, ought to treat
the matter as any other commercial transaction
would be treated, and to put their trust in written
documents, Certainly the man who undertook any
other costly business on the mere faith of another
man's word would be looked upon as sufficiently
simple; and although tenant farmers generally
know something of their landlords personally, and
are therefore less Quixotic in trusting to their pro-
mises, the principle on which they do so is not
sound. Without any intention to deceive or over-
reach on either side, casual words may be relied
upon, or meanings misinterpreted, while shortness
of memory and a dozen other chances combine to
render verbal arrangements a fruitful source of dis-
sension even amongst well-intentioned persons. On
the principle of the proverb—'' Short accounts make
long friende"—it is wiser and better to have written
evidence of every business transaction, and we sea
no reason why farmers should not have the same
protection against mistakes and forgetfulness that it
is usual to have in other dealings. The influence
of the landlord is an awkward matter, but Sir JOHN
faced it boldly. He said that landowners wished
to keep their power over the land, but if that
power referred to game, he thought that any man
man who kept an exces3ive quantity of game ought
to pay for it—an opinion which the non-sp,)rting
community will readily admit the truth of. As to
politics, the right hon. baronet very justly said, the
exercise of such power was a mistake, and support
so obtained would not long keep any party in power.
Farther, he offered evidence of the correctness of
his views by quoting statistics which showed that
in the north farmers had offered much higher rents
for farms on 21 years' leases than for the same farms
on 15 years, which proves that tenants, at least, are
awakening to the advantages we have been dilating
on. Also, it appears from the same evidence that
farms let for long terms are much more productive
than those let on short leases, a fact clearly Mi.
eating that tenants are naturally reluctant to make
the necessary outlay for the best possible cultivation
of their farms, while uncertain how far other men
are to reap the profit of their labours, The new
steam implements, admirable as they are in their
effects, are very costly, so that the man who is
unable or unwilling to expend much capital on his
farm, will soon' be left behind by his more specula-
tive and adventurous rivals. It is clearly the duty
of tenants to make the most of their land, but it is
manifest incumbent on landowners to offer them
every facility for doing so. We hope before long
to see this system generally recognised, and that
the landowners may show that fairness and kindli-
ness in his dealings with his tenant and the farmer
with his labourers, without which the condition of
the agricultural interest can never be sound or
flourishing.

Lord BRGUGHAM'S address at the National Asso-
ciation for the Promotion of Social Science is
one of great interest. It is certain to delight
many by its perusal, and apart from its excellence
of purport, eloquence of language, and philosophy
of ideas, there remains the reflection that he who
uttered it is of an age that makes his achievement
really remarkable. It is a very satisfactory sight
see a man thus pass a long life in the prosecution
of all that makes existence honourable and distin-
guished, and devote the evening of his days to the
calm pursuits of science. The noble lord's address
was most encouraging, and he was at great pains
to do away with the impression that much had not
been done since the Congress last assembled. He
showed how all progress must be slow to be sure,
and how nothing really effective can be done in
vehement haste. His remark may prove of service
to many well•meanicg persons who are always de.
feating their own objects, by pushing on in despe•
rate speed, thus confusing others and bewildering
themselves. To these the warnings of one who has
been one of the greatest reformers of r.is day
are very appropriately addressed. It seems
strange to hear one who mixed personally in some
of the most exciting scenes of political strife now
commenting upon the absence of party in our public
life. " The voice of party has been for the most part
still," he says, and adds that this circumstance tends
to show that improvement has been made, and
public opinion become more enlightened. It is not
surprising that Lord BROUGIIAM should dwell at
length upon the subject of education, and the great
efforts that have been made in that direction of late ;
he himself presented more than cne hundred and
twenty petitions to the Lords upon the subject, and
was, doubtless, mainly instrumental in bringing
about the salutary change that has been
wrought. The noble lord's strictures on
the very great carelessness that is displayed
in the choice of persons who are to be teachers
were most admirable, and it would bo well if they
could have due weight among those to whom they
apply, for the incapacity and want of knowledge
displayed is most astounding, The noble lord said
that Each gross negligence was not suffered to exist
in other
ersthverdoenps shallartments " Care is taken that no
unfit Practise medicine or surgery;
provision is made for the education of lawyers : is
it less important to see that fit persons shall be in-
trusted with the mental and moral health of the
community than with its bodily health or its pro-
perty ?" This simple statement exactly expresses
the leading features of the case, and represents
the very faulty notions entertained on the subject ?
Thus he goes on to add that it has now become a
saying, if any one fails in everything else, " let him
keep a school," or " let her be a schoolmistress."
If inspectors are appointed, it is almost certain
that the greater part of the schools will submit
to the examinations for the sake of gaining the cer-
tificates, and thus a great advantage will be
SCCllied to the community. Lord BROUGHAM
considered the reform that has taken place at the
Post-office to have been of great benefit in
the way of education. Enabling poor per-
sons to send to their friends at a cheap
held out great induce-
rate of postage has
meats to them to learn to write, and the cheap
conveyance by post is a great advantage to literary
and other members of the community. Lord
BROUGHAM adverted to the superiority of great
over ordinary men in the history of the changes in
the Post Office. Thus we hear that "Mr PITT
stood by Mr PALMER in his introduction of mail
coaches when all the authorities of the Post Office
were against him, and that the Dak.: of WELLING,

TON almost alone perceived the merits of Sir R.
HILL'S plan when others, Sir R. PEEL included,
either opposed or coldly supported him." This
proves the importance of master minds being en-
trusted with the affairs of the nation, and demon-
strates how much perspicacity and foresight may
accomplish in the way of invention and improve■
went, when mediocrity is altogether at fault and
meaner capacities are quite incapable of grasping
at the idea suggested to them, and are only alive
to the impracticability of its execution. It is
another advantage of a man of Lord BROUGHAM'S
age presiding over such an assembly that he is
stored with the treasures of experience, and memory
carries him back to a tame almost remote to the
minds of some of his hearers. He brings names out
of the buried depths of the long silent past, and
makes them again capable of instructing and in-
forming his hearers. He compares the present with
a period which sonie of us can dimly remember and
others have just heard of, but which he can people
with statesmen, sages, and philosophers ; so we can
put the various links together by his aid that join
the different states of the then and the now.
During the lifetime of the noble lord the changes
have been so numerous and so rapid that have
taken place in the conduct of daily life that it must
be a strange and startling thing for him to take a
glimpse of the days that are o'er, and recall what
took place around him when he entered upon the
stirring scenes of life in which he played so distin-
guished a part. Lord BROUGHAM'S remarks upon
foreign nations and our connection with them, im-
mediate or remote, are of course very suggestive
just at present. He does not enter so much into a
discussion of the political excitement of the hour,
as he discusses the general principles which should
guide the course of nations and rule the conduct of
their affairs either as relates to interference or non-
intervention. These doctrines are sound enough to
all appearance, and fe w will hesitate to concur in
the statement that " the greatest crime in modern
ages was the partition of Poland ;" also that the
wars and intrigues of peace, after the revolution,
had a pernicious influence, seems a point that admits
of no denial ; but it must seem that when the noble
lord comes to the really engrossing topic of our day,
he fails to apply the moral he has taught us by his
earlier deductions. Thus he denounces Prussia in
no measured terms, and declares that "from all her
profligate aggression Prussia has gained not the
shadow of glory, though she has grasped the sub-
stance of plunder." This is true enough, but it is
mortifying to find Lord BROUGHAM join the ranks
of those who declare that it is the misfortune and
not the fault of England that she has done nothing
to help the gallant Danes. The rule that is laid
down for us Lord BROUGHAM does not apply to the
French, and he considers that the interference of
the French at an early period of the war could
have been very effectual. This may or may not be
true, but it ill becomes us to pass an opinion, and
still less to utter a censure upon the short•
comings of others when our own deficiencies are
so plainly apparent. It must have been with
feelings of great interest that the noble lord referred
to the question of the slave trade, and the measures
taken of late for its suppression. With one excep-
tion, the repeal of the Aberdeen Act, the noble lord
does not seem to see that any immediate change is
required. Concerning extradition treaties—he de-
nounced the insidtious attempt of Prussia to make a
treaty by which persons tried in their absence must
be surrendered. Truly did the noble lord declare
that " No extradition of persons charged with po-
litical offences can ever be thought of, and yet
such offences might be the ground of sentence in
absence." No one better than the veteran speaker
could tell how contrary was such an act from the
spirit of the laws of England; and indeed, with all
their effrontery, it seems strange that the Prussians
should have attempted to put such an affront upon
us. The absurd notion that some have put forward
of late as to the propriety of our giving up our
colonies to avoid expense, was treated in a fitting
manner by the noble lord ; but he added that wise
and temperate measures might be adopted, so that
in the event of a separation hereafter becoming
inevitable, the change might be brought about by
no angry feelings on either side. It seems almost
incredible that one of the years of the noble lord
should thus grasp at the topics of the day, small
and great, political, social, foreign and domestic,
and take all in turn, with no difference as to the
ability with which he treats them, nor the compre-
hensiveness with which he discusses them. His
discourse is a mirror of the times, in which he sets
forth the chief points of interest and importance,
and no one can fail to glean knowledge from the
stores of such a treasure-house, nor to derive great
benefit from the vast experiences set forth with so
much wit and wisdom.

The great number of preventible accidents that
are continually occurring among us seem to indicate
great want of proper caution. We are constantly
hearing of death and injury resulting from heedless
m get in or out of railway trains, to cross
the tt e
lines, t °
&" 3., both on the part of passengers and of
persons ema
ployed on the line. Last week an intel-
ligent lad, who was employed on one of the Glas-
gow lines as telegraph clerk, lost his life through
incautiously jumping on to a train in motion on a
wet day, which rendered the carriage slippery, and
scarcely a week passes without some similar acci-
dent. But there is one class of accidents becoming
so very common that it is quite time that greater
care and caution were observed, or the list of
casualties will grow to something frightful. We
allude to those accidents which result from the
careless use or carriage of fire-arms, and of com-
bustible materials generally. The heedless use of
guns has led to so many fatal disasters that one
would think people had learned something by ex-
perience, but the news of almost every day proves
the contrary. A few days ago, a little child lost
his life by his uncle's gun, the uncle having
foolishly allowed him to fire, and forgetting it
had been borrowed by a neighbour, who had re-
turned it loaded. The common trick of pointing
a gun at another party for a joke is so extremely
silly and dangerous, that it is really almost in-
credible that it should still be so frequently played.
To increase the poignancy of the regret, which
must be felt by the unfortunate originators of such
catastrophes, their victim is usually some near
and dear relative, who is killed or maimed
for life by one of the most absurd and
perilous and practical jokes. Iu these days of
volunteering it is necessary to impress caution, for
rifles are in so many housts, end, indeed, in the
heat of circumstances so often placed in inexperi-
enced hands, that accidents are likely to became
frequent. The fact of so many learning to use the
rifle is not of itself likely to create danger, since it
is almost always the ignorant who are the mischief
makers. Boys, servants, and children are commonly
the originators, and firearms should, if possible, be
kept out of their reach. Especially they should
never be used to amuse children, nor should chil-
dren be suffered to handle them. A due precaution
on the part of every one who uses a gun would be
to see that it is properly unloaded before it is out
of his own hands, and it is not too much to expect
every non-professional marksman to do this while
bringing his gun into the reach of idlers. The
careless use or übuse of combustible materials is