The Sun.
London, England, 1864-08-05 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 5, 1864.

most part, they know nothing, except that it offers
high bounties and good pay. Perhaps the Federal
Government, which treated the remonstrances of
Lord Lyons on this subject with such supercilious
disregard, has discovered the inconvenience and ira-
policy, not to say the danger of longer persistence
in a systom that has led to so much cruelty and in-
justice, and to such well-founded complaint cn the
part of Great Britain and other foreign Powers.
At all events, it has to be congratulated at having
seen, though tardily, the errcr of its ways, and at
having ceased to be, through ts venal unprincipled
agents, the greatest kidnapp3r in the world, the
King of Dahomey perhaps excepted.

Cotton Supply association.

At the usual weekly meeting of the Executive
Committee, held on Inesday,August 2, a letter was
read from Durban, Natal, enc osing two fine samples
of Sea Island cotton, valued at 4s. and ss. per lb,
respectively. This description of cotton is said to
succeed well, and seems better adapted to the
climate than any other. When planted in a choco-
late sand found there it is ve'y prolific. The writer
had some which he expected to begin to pick about
the middle of June. The untsually stormy weather
which had been experienced had done considerable
damage to the crop, but was sot likely to discourage
planters from increasing the production of cotton.
A letter received from Gibreltar represents the cot-
ton in Barbary to be looking well, and that picking
will commence towards the end of this month. The
Moors are beginning to sowcotton in:quantities,and
seed had been liberally disxibuted. A letter was
read from St. Thomas's, West Indies, stating that
the young trees and the cotton crops generally are
looking unusually healthy, Ind growing fast. Some
Sea Island and Egyptian totton, grown from seed
supplied by the association, has been sold in Liver.
pool at 42d. and 39d. pet lb. respectively. The
writer states that his crop ea far has covered all the
expenses incurred in production, and that if the
American war continues there will be a large mar-
gin for profit. A letter was received advising the
shipment of two bales of cotton from St. Thomas's
to the association for sele, and enclosing a commu-
nication from Yanko, Port Rico, stating that a quan-
tity has been forwarded as a specimen of the pro-
duce of the country. A fine sample of cotton
grown in Antigua from New Orleana seed was
received through the Board of Trade from the
Governor of that island, together with a despatch
stating that the cotton was grown under unfavour-
able circumstances, as from the period of planting,
three months back, up to the time it was picked no
rain had fallen. The Governor is anxious that the
cotton grown in the island shall be fairly tested, in
order that if it promise to be remunerative the
many estates now lying waste may be placed under
cultivation. A letter was read from Upolu, one of
the Navigator Islands, enclosing a sample of cotton,
and stating that the writer is about to enter into the
cultivation, and has obtained land for the purpose,
both on the seacoast and inland, which he antici-
pates will cost from £lO to £l5 per acre to clean
and plant the first crop. He expects to obtain
adequate labour from the natives, and his request to
be supplied with seed and a gin, to be paid for out
of the produce, was granted, A report was received
from the Colonial-office, which has been forwarded
by the Governor of the Gambia, stating the results
of Staff Assistant-Surgeon Harvey's mission to the
Upper River, and containing valuable information
respecting the trade of that district. He remarks
that he observed on his route several large enclosures
with fair crops of cotton, aid that on approaching
Medina, the capital of the kingdom of Woolli, a
large town in the centre of an extensive, well-
cleared plain, he passed soma large patches of cotton.
In answer to his inquiries at Medina respecting
cotton, the people stated that, if wanted, they could
bring plenty to market, and he thinks it could be
obtained in large quantities and without difficulty.
The ground nut requires a considerable quantity of
rain, cotton, on the contrary, but little, and under
the circumstances of an insufficient rainfall (as that
of last year) might, he thinks, be made to supple-
ment any deficiency in the former. The difference
between the price at present paid by the trader to
the native producer and the price of cotton in
Bathurst leaves but a small margin for profit, but
he has no doubt that an increased and steady
demand Would lead to increased cultivation and its
production at a much lower rate than that at pre-
sent paid by the traders, which, of course, would
allow a larger profit, even supposing the present
low price in Bathurst to be the market price.
The treaty which Dr. Harvey has negotiated with
the King of Woolii will enable traders, with perfect
safety both to their lives and property, to establish
depots at Medina, as well as other large towns
throughout the whole of the territory under the
authority of the King, who has an earnest desire for
friendship and trade with English merchants. A
despatch forwarded by Ote Foreign-office was re-
ceived from the Acting Consul-General at Tabreez,
reporting that the high prices of cotton in Europe
have given a great impulse to its production in his
consular district, and that a considerable quantity
has, consequently, been exported to Europe in
1863-64. The total amount may be estimated at
from 8,000 to 10,000 bales of 1601 b. each. Nearly
double that quantity was exported to Russia via
Tiflis and the Caspian Sea. Despatches forwarded
by the India-office were received from the Govern-
ment of Machete, relative to the cultivation of Peru-
vian cotton in the South &rcot and Kistna districts
of that Presidency, together with various samples
of the cotton grown. The Peruvian plants stand
the sun well, and the result of close observation is
that, if they were. properly watered, they would be
far more remunerative then the indigenous variety,
and that they are admirably adapted for general
introduction into Southern India. The staple is
fine and long, and the cotton commands a high
price, ranking, it is said, next to Sea Island. The
yield is represented to have been at the rate of
560113. of clean cotton per cawny, equal to an acre
and a quarter. The plants do not seem to require
a period of repose, as before one crop has been fully
collected blossoms shoot out in every direction.
Details are supplied of experiments with Peruvian
Egyptian, and Sea Island seed, made by Messrs.
Keess and Gibbs, who have incurred considerable
expenditure to give fall effect to their efforts

and have readily imparted to others the benefi

of their experience and knowledge. Reports,
also forwarder! by the India-office, were received
on the agricultural exhibitions held in the
districts of Tinnevelly and Nellore, in the months
of March and April last. At the first named the
American saw-gin was exhibited at work to
the people. It cleans the cotton beautifully, but

tears the fibre, and, however well adapted to foreign
kinds, will not do for the short staple indigenous
cotton of Tinnevelly. At the Nellore Exhibition
Mr. Smith, of Nabobpet, came forward again with
New Orleans cotton, from seed raised in the country.
What he exhibited was far beyond anything else

on the ground, and won the first prize. The collec-
tor remarks that it would be well to wait for a year
or two before coming to any conclusion as to whether
New Orleans and other foreign species degenerate
or not. The yield of cotton without irrigation is

represented to have been at the rate of fsolb per
acre; but where irrigation was employed once in
eight days the yield was at the rate of 250 lb per
acre. The Dharwar saw-gin was worked and at-
tracted great attention. The leading merchants in
the cotton trade expressed the opinion that the work

was good, but that there was considerable waste,

and their. conclusion was that the breadth of cotton

cultivation in the district did not make it worth the
ryot's while to incur the loss for the sake of the
economy in time and labour. A letter was read
from the President of the Italian Royal Commission,
Turin, advising the despatch of a silver medal, in
acknowledgment of " the eminent service to the
Royal Commission " rendered by the association,
" both in furnishing counsel and material assist.
an ce."

[ADVERTISEMENT.]—HoIIoway's rills.—Impaired Con-
stitutions.—The infirm are unfortunately the most prone to
become the victims to dangerous maladies unless the
purity of the blood and functional regularity of the vital
organs be carefully guarded.
Holloway's Pills can be re-
commended with the most truthful earnestness as the best
purifiers, alleviatives, and aperients
when the body is
naturally weak or accidentally disordered. They never
create disgust, and do not causo the weakness and oppres-
sion too often consequent on the frequent repetition of the
ordinary drastic drags which are sometimes thoughtlessly
though most disastrously prescribed. These Pills, in truth,
carefully guard the constituents of the animal frame, they
enrich the blood when poor in quality, they increase that
fluid when deficient in quantity, and always strengthen,

Lord Stanley on Commercial Affairs.
LIVERPOOL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE,

The half,yearly meeting of the Liverpool Chamber of
Commerce was held yesterday afternoon. Mr, Grainger
presided, and there were present Lord Stanley, Mr T. B.
Horsfall, M P., Messrs. Hey worth, Macfie, &c.
Letters of apology for non-attendance were read from Mr
J. C. Ewart, M.P., Mr Bramley Moore. M,P,, and the
Mayor of Liverpool.
The report, which detailed operations of the council of
the Chamber upon most of the commercial questions which
have arisen during the past half-year, was taken as read.
The CHAIRMAN said that in deference to the Chamber
the Council had studiously avoided all party questions,
though not avoiding those coming within the range of poli-
tical economy, drawing the line as nearly as possible be-
tween where theory was likely to become practice, and
where it remained theory only.
Mr HORSFALL moved the adoption of the report. He said
there were several subjects mentioned therein to which he
should feel it his duty to refer. He rejoiced much that the
Board of Trade was negotiating a treaty with Peru. If
the Board . of Trade communicated more frequently
with the mercantile interests, the treaties adopted and sanc-
tioned by Government would be much more beneficial to
the country, and the Board of Trade would be enabled to
obtain that practical information which would be invaluable
to them in negociating these treaties. With reference to the
consolidation of Customs and Inland Revenue establish-
ments a deputation had waited on Lord Palmerston, and
after a long delay he (Mr Horsfall) had learnt from the
Chancellor of the Exchequer that Government did not see
their way clear to the granting of a commission as sought
by this charelser. They were, however, convinced that the
consolidation of Customs and Inland Revenue was founded
on true principles, and he was sure the time was not far dis-
tant when it would be accomplished. He then referred to
the present inaccuracy of the Customs and Inland Revenue
returns made to Parliament, and quoted instances. With
reference to the bill for the collection of taxes, he had sup-
ported it until the introduction of a clause providing that
London should be exempted from the restrictions placed on
other towns. After that he opposed it strongly before com-
mittee, but was defeated. When the bill came on for third
reading he opposed it again and the house rejected it. With-
out the objectionable clause he thought the bill was a very
beneficial one. With reference to the Railway Companies'
Powers Bill he supported the views of the chamber, though
opposed to those of Lord Stanley. Mt florsfall proceeded to
detail his action in regard to the Partnerships Bill. With
respect to the rates of railwaycarriage to and from Liverpool
he explained the difficulties he had had to encounter in ob•
taining returns desired by this chamber of the rates charged
by each railway company. He first gave notice two sessions
ago, but only four companies furnished the returns. He had
repeated the order forthwith with a similar result, and then
on the 7th June last gave a final notice that they be fur-
nished by the Tuesday next following. At the last moment
came the draught of a petition against the order by the
Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company. His turn
for moving the returns did not come on until half-past
2 o'clock, and while the vice-chairman of the board of
directors of the London and North-Western Railway was
replying, Mr Brumley Moore and the railway directors had
the house counted out. This Chamber simply wanted to
be satisfied that in the charges for carriage to and from
Liverpool all the companies charged uniform rates and
showed no partiality. As their representative, he should
still take any one of the courses open before him to obtain
the returns that the Chamber might think necessary. Atter
some general reference to the prosperity of the country Mr
Horgan conclu led by moving the adoption of the report.
Mr HEYWORTIL seconded the motion, and drew atten-
tion to the action of the Chamber in regard to the customs
duties in India, upon which the council reported as fol-
lows :—" The Chamber was informed in the annual report
presented in February last that a committee has been ap-
pointed to consider the question of these duties. The com-
mittee to which the question was referred were unable at
that time to prosecute the inqu ry without authoritative
publications of the tariffs of India, which could not be pro-
cured in any of the andel quartets. The committee hav-
ing since had before them all the official information ob-
tainable on the subject, your Council are enabled now to
acquaint you that the Customs duties now levied in India
appear to be framed for the purpose of revenue only, and
do not injuriously affect the commerce of this country,
without producing any corresponding benefit to the Indian
Exchequer. Your council, observing with pleasure that
within the last three years these duties had been largely re-
duced, and hoping that the growing prosperity of the Indian
Exchequer would at no distant time enable the Govern-
ment to remove them altogether, regret to learn that in May
last the scale of valuations on which the duties are calcu-
lated has been considerably raised, and the pressure of
many of these duties thereby increased."
Objections were taken to the concluding part of the third
paragraph, as pledging the council to a statement of fact,
without sufficient grounds thereon.
After some discussion the report was adopted with only
two dissentients.
Lord STANLEY, on rising, was received with cheers—lie
said tnat he had not had the honour of being in that room
before, but he sincerely hoped this would not be the last
time. He had attended with the intention of being a listener
only, but if any remarks of his could be of service he thought
there would be more presumption in refusing to speak than
in offering them. Three or four subjects had been alluded
to bearing on certain questions with which he had had offs
cially to deal. He meant those which had reference to India•
First, with reference to the question of Customs duties, on
which the discussion had taken place. Perhaps it might
do something to settle the difficulty if he said that to his
mind the passage referred to, although the words might
appear ambiguous, did not express any opinion that the Cus-
toms did not affect the commerce of the country. The pro-
position contained in the report was this, that they did not
unjustly affect it; meaning that they did inflict a certain
ainounteof injury, but that it was an injury inevitable,
and which was inflicted simply because it was necessary for
the revenue, and therefore for the good government of India.
Mr Heyworth, in advocating the repeal of these Customs
dudes, did not go into the more difficult question of what
was the tax that could be substituted for these duties with-
out an accompanying injury to those who paid it. He did
not suppose any tax could be a pleasant thing for both high
and low. The millennium of no Custom-houses and 20 per
cent, off the property tax was, he thought, so distant as not
to be within the reach of political prophecy. These Customs
duties were not very high, nominally 3 per cent., and much
less in reality ; but they were open to this objection, that
they gave a certain protection to the native as against ;he
English manufacturer, This was, of course, objec-
tionable on principle; but that, as against our command of
capital and skillen labour, had not rendered the native com-
petition very formidable. However, he apprehended that
every English financier would be of opinion that as soon as
these duties could be got rid of they ought to be. The
question was, how soon could this be done. There was
one claim which Indian financiers considered to be a prior
claim on our resources, and that was the Indian income
tax, because, difficult as the income tax was to collect under
schedule D in this country, the difficulty was tenfold in-
creased when they castle to deal with native merchants and
traders. It was feared, when first proposed, that it would
meet with great opposition. They did not oppose it, bu
he fancied they evaded it to a pretty considerable extent
Laughter.) Also because it was imposed in the first
instance only for a limited time, and from the strong ex.

prest,ions of opinion that it would not require to be renewed,
the incoma tax had the first claim upon the Indian Ex-

chequer. If the state of finance should allow it, these
Customs duties had the next strongest claims for repeal.
The question really depended upon whether they remained
at peace, and in an Oriental country it was utterly im-
possible to speak with ordinary safety, but they never had
an abler Governor-General, and never had a Calcutta
Administration mere thoroughly peaceable in its inten-
tions, and with a more fixed determination not to carry out
that policy of annexation so much discussed 15 years ago.
(Hear, and cheers.) They never had more profound tran-
quillity or better prospects for the future than they had at

present. The experience of the last few years had shown
that the revenues of India were considerably more elastic
than it used to be common to think they were. Another
Indian topic, as he understoood the report of the council,
was that of Indian currency. It did not go into the per-

plexing question of a double currency, but simply proposed
to make gold a legal tender to a limited amount as silver

was in England. It was not a question upon which he
would like to pledge himself, but as at present advised, he
failed to see any obje3tion to such a measure as one that
might be safely adopted. As to proposed new dues at
Singapore, he knew there had been two opinions on that
question, but on the whole he was inclined to think that
the view which the Chamber took (that of supporting the
dues) was correct. Those dues were no departure from the
principle of free trade. As to the desirability of reforming
the courts of justice at Rangoon, he fully supported the
views of the Chamber. It was a country for which he be-
lieved there was a very great future. He had long looked
further to the time when all that large territory lying east
of Calcutta should;be constituted into a more independent
Government, and separate Lieutenant-Governor. It would
he believed remove many causes of complaint. In passing
on to the question of the consolidation of Customs, he did
not wish to pronounce a positive opinion. Ha thought
clearly that Mr Horsfall had so fairly drawn the battle, and
he certainly thought it reasonable and requisite that the
matter should be tried over again. At the same time he
thought they might carry consolidation too tar. He was
assured it had not answered as was expected in the case of
the War Department. lie now came to the question upon
which he had the misfortune to differ with the Chamber,
and with Mr Horsfall--that was the question whether rail-
way companies should be allowed to become owners of

steam vessels. He wished to say that at present there was
no absolute prohibition, but it was left to the Select Com-

raittee to exercise their discretion on the understanding
that they stated the reason upon which such privileges

were granted. ' This, however, had become a mere matter

of form. Ile thought that railway companies should be
allowed the privilege—if they could run vessels cheaper
than ether parties the public would be the gainers, and if
they could not they would not try. (Hear.) With reference
to the question of a cheaper local postage, he was inclined
to doubt the expediency of the proceeding. They should

_ . ._.
rattler seek increased facilities of postage, but not interfere

with the established rate, which, he thought, was low
enough, lie heartily approved of a Liverpool testimonial
to Sir Rowland Hill, His lordship next referred to the
Lord Chancellor's County Court Bill, which, ho thought,
was a subject for` grave deliberation, They had to
consider, on the one hand, whether the removal of the
punishment of imprisonment for fraudulent debtors was de-
sirable, and, on the other hand, whether too much power
was not left in the hands of the county court judges, With
regard to the petty charges of customs he cordially agreed
with the chamber. With respect to the adoption of a deci•
mal coinage and of a decimal system of weights and mea-
sures, he thought that while the former was easily enforce-
able by Government, the second was not, and that it would
take a long period and much inconvenience before it could
be established. In France it took 50 years. He had sup-
ported a scheme for decimal coinage, but was afraid that if
they brought the question before the house they would find
themselves in a woeful minority. He had been requested to
say a few words with regard the law of Patents—a very
proper question to engage the attention of a Chamber of
Commerce. They were possibly aware that a Royal Com-
mission was issued two years ago. He was chairman of that
commission. The report was signed, and would shortly be
in print, He would not go into detail on an unpublished
document; but what they had done was briefly this. They
had proposed modifications in the law with a view to lessen
the inconvenience to manufacturers and persons engaged in
business. We could do something to diminish the extraor-
dinary cost and delay incurred by those in fighting patent
cases ; but he was bound to state that, having considered
the subject most carefully for two years, he was satisfied, so
far as he was personally concerned, that the chief objections
to the patent law were not remediable by any change in the
details of the law. They are the price which the public
pays for rewarding inventors. Might not a time be coming
when some other mode of rewarding inventors could be
substituted for that at present in existence? It only re-
mained for him to congratulate them upon having tided
over the difficulties of the American war, and upon the in-
creasing trade and prosperity of this town. The noble lord
retumed his seat amid applause.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

TIMES.—As some of the London theatres, which
used to take as their "season" so many months of
the summer or winter, now use the same name to
signify any term for which they are continuously
open, be it awhole year ruuud or longer, no must we
now begin to extend in our imaginations the period
during which Parliamentary orators favour the
country with their remarks, and keep us in expecta-
tion of hearing something interesting or protound.
The speech-making season is now from the first
of January to the last of December. The penalty
of reputation must be paid by never-ending display.
Happily for the leading men in Parliament, the art
of addressing an audience in decent language on
general subjects is acquired so thoroughly that they
never need be at a loss to fill up half an hour after
dinner. They have only to go through the familiar
topics of the day till they have exhausted them, and
then if it comes to the worst they can begin them
again. Were it not so—were these discourses at-
tended with much effort, it is hardly possible that
statesmen and members of Parliament should be
ready for them as soon as the Session is over. Yet,
as the legislative work of the country becomes
harder every year, so there seems an increasing
tendency to seek recreation by treating the same
subjects over again all through the country, and, as
it were, chewing the cud of the Session during the
autumn months. First of all, of course, comes
Lord Palmerston. The Premier, one would think, de-
serves a little rest. He has just finished a session
of six months. It did not produce any great monu-
ment of legislation, but the labours of Parliamen-
tary life are quite independent of the magnitude of
the subjects on which they ere employed. There is
always an immense mass of business to be transacted,
of petty and yet necessary details to be supervised;
the First Minister of the country has r o manage men
as well as to devise measures, and the House of Com-
mons is not now the docile assembly that it was in
the days when to talk of independence and conscien-
tious votes was to gain the reputation of a knave and
not of a philosopher. With a small majority, doubt.
ful a month ago, and a vigorous Opposition in face
of him, Lord Palmerston's whole energies must have
been tried during the session that is past. He has,
moreover, been engaged in conducting one of the meet
wearisome and ungrateful negotiations that ever fell
to the lot of an English Minister. The policy of his
Government has been violently attacked by his op-
ponents, and coldly defended by his friends. One
might presume that the end of July would find him
desirous to enjoy his well-earned repose, to fly with
alarm from any two or three gentlemen who
looked like a deputation, and to be relentless in dis-
appointing any assembly that expected a speech.
A few years since a Minister might have assumed
that a part of his time, at least, was his own. But
in the present day it seems that a public man is
never to lose his publicity. The country is becoming
almost American in its exactions from celebrities of
all kinds, and most of ail from the political. Inces-
sant representation must be the lot of the man who
has gained such a name as to make people de-
sirous to see and hear him. The public man now
knows that he must be showing himself every.
where, and speaking about something or other
almost as often as he shows himself. Both Ministers
and Opposition are always on the platform, in the
City or in the provinces, holding forth, now in some
great Town-hall, now in the inn of an obscure vil-
lage, on art, or agriculture, or politics, or the Church,
on shmething which gives them an opportunity of
showing themselves in the flesh to their country-
men, and eeratifying the curiosity of an intelligent
pabl;c. On Monday, for instance, her Majesty's
Ministers began the post-Parliamentary Session by
accepting the Fishmongers' invitation. The weary
statesmen who had been disputing with Bismark
and Beust for half a year had within two days
after the close of the Session to go down to Lon-
don-bridge and respond to the compliments of
the Prime Warden on their character and policy.
It was certainly satisfactory to receive his congratue
lations, and to know that the Fishmongers still re.
tain the liberal opinions for which they have been
distinguished. But the hospitaliey of the great
City Company is but the beginning of something
that will last until it is time for Parliament to meet
again. Nor does the banquet fail to give some pre-
figurement of the style of oratory which will pre.
veil from the present time to February next. The
Prime Warden was glowing in his praises of the
Premier; declared that the House of Commons had
pronounced a verdict in his favour which had been
unanimously endorsed by the country, and that
however great the complications in which the nation
might be placed, it reposed the most entire confidence
in his consummate statesmanship. Lord Palmerston
responded in a similar spirit, and returned the com-
pliments of the Company in the happiest manner ;
but the toast of the " the House of Lords" called up
Lord Russell, and then the Fishmongers, of course,
heard all about Lord Grey, the Reform Bill, the Test
aid Corporation Acts, and civil and religious liberty.
We have scarcely time, however, to think that the
Ministry must be tired of political speaking west and
east of Temple-bar, before Lord Palmerston is heard
of again from another part of England, where he
makes a speech on the advantages of steam travel-
ling, and the contrast of the goods train of to-day
with the waggon of the last generation, and the
improvement which springs from the constant com-
munication between the provinces and the capital.
In a few days he will be speaking at Bradford, and
this strain of oratory will be kept up until the seri-
ous business of the nation begins once more. The
Opposition will not be behind hand. Lord John
Manners begins the season by a speech on agricul-
ture at Market Harborough, Lord Stanley speaks at
the Liverpool Chamber of Commerce, and before
long they will be followed by every member of
their party of sufficient importance to command an
audience. Whatever may be the value of individual
addresses, there is no doubt that it does "link

classes together " to have the chief men in Parlia.
meat thus brought face to face with popular
audiences, and giving a share of their attention to
those whom the French would call provincials, If
the politicians of the country go circuit almost us
regularly as the judges, the result cannot but be to
diffuse political knowledge and an interest in the
welfare of the State, But the pubic ought certainly
to be much obliged to the eminent persons who thus
sacrifice time and convenience for their benefit.
What a Prime Minister's holyday is in the present
day we are not able to make out, and t tvo or three
of his colleagues are almost equally nurelaxing in
their work. The ordinary work of Parliament is of
itself sufficiently exhausting, the incessant attention
which the great machine of State requires is known
only to those who are concerned in its manage-
ment, and we are sometimes inclined to think that
the human machine is hardly and wastefully dealt
with when it is subjected to the addlional strain
of provincial oratory,

„
HERALD.—Tue Danish Iligsraad has received the
announcement that preliminaries of peace have been
signed, with a silence which it protests must not
be regarded as satisfaction. Conscious that the
nation lay at the mercy of its enemies, convinced
that only the absolute abandonment of a third of
its territory would save the Danish monarchy from
total extinction, the members of the Rigsraad must,
indeed, forbear front censuring the Ministers who
have put their hands to this degradation of their
country to the condition of a fifth-rate state ; but
they cannot, in their grief and indignation, render
full Justice to the difficult position in which those
Ministers found themselves, and they will not even
seem to approve the transaction which destroys
Denmark as a European power. No true-hearted
Dane will be able to find any consolation in this
peace of Vienna. A people proud ot history, proud
of the great part it has played in Europe, conscious
that in no degree has it fallen from its ancient

virtues, and assured by the whole of Europe tha
its cause was a just one, cannot be consoled for its.
) relegation to a role utterly unimportant in the great__
European tragi-comeay by the insulting proausu
that its insignific nce will save it from the nee"
sity of paying taxes to keep up an army and osv
and. the mocking assurance of the sympathies of the..
nations who are mainly responsible for all the calm
. mines it mourns. The King of Denmark may 1"..,
satisfied—he still has a throne to which he has n
no moral and hardly any legal right, and of w.
fifteen years ago he would not have ventured in his
most sanguine moods to dream. Holstein, Schleswig
and Lauenburg are gone; he has signed them
away, but he is still a King. instead of a younge
brother of a younger branch of a younger hohser;
That he should hale had to commence his reig
by such a division of his kingdom is indeed hal
misfortune and not his fault; but the Danes may
well curse the hoar when, in relianca upon ta_
' engagements of the European Powers, they !ilterecio
their law of succession. Better far would it ha
v
been for them if they had refused to believe .In the
promises of England—the principal agent. lo
negotiation of that treaty of 1852 over the v.iolatiosuo
of which Lord Palmerston, its author, nowiokeshe
pleasantly. They were told that by repealing.t.se
Lex .Regia and electing to their throne a prinure
without the slightest claims to it they would In:by
the undisputed union of all parts of the moha'v",.j,
after the extinction of the male descendants of
de rick lll_And very much against their will they
did so. Their reward is, that they are saddled with
a Sovereign for whom, however estimable be may
be, they care little ; lose altogether provinces "'re
have formed part of the Danish monarchy for of
than five hundred years; have sacrificed the s°;:a„
of. their youth, burdened the future with hesvl,i4l
bilities, and are at the mercy of every power of
pleases to insult or rob them. That is the reschiftwo
trusting to the pledges and the sympathy 01„,a0
peoples.. who profess to be at the head of EarhY,--iii
civilisation—who claim to have a decisive Par" fe
the settlement of European questions, and wha.°
emi-
the one a. coward, except when dealing with
nate Asiatics ; and the other a mercenary, who;
pretending. to fight for an idea, will only fig d
there is a chance of despoiling somebody. t"-irr;
however, as is the fate of the Danes, severe "-m.
the conditions which Herr Von Bismark ht's
posed, they have no reason to regret that 01,-4
fused the proposals of Earl Russell, and, after
struggle, have dealt directly with their salterelfc,
Had they accepted Lord Russell's last proposa b,
.would have retained only a small portion of Sc
at
wig—a portion divided by no definite frontier fr 7
the rest of the duchy, and a portion for whinb theyGe
many would always have been clamouring. Asrthe
could not have the frontier of the Schlei cadtioo
Dannewerke, they are better without any Par;3.
of Schleswig. True, England proposed to gt16.11-at
tee them the portion which they might retain. -5,
all the world knows now the value of an English
rantee. Another Earl Russell—it indeed another 870
could produce a Minister so vain, and so regar3'eia
alike of his own and his country's honour--W°.„lo
apply to Liberal lawofficere of the Crown,
the desirci opinion that some act of Denmark bt s
liberated us from our obligation. The goarava-id
would have been perfectly worthless, and it wc"-ce
.have been extremely mischievous. It woo d b,:st
given Earl Russell a pretext for continuing `.Bll
impertinent. and ignorant interference in D 311,1 is
affairs to which the dismemberment of Deomarn- a
really due. The Danes must find the cup preBe-rteso
to
.them bitter enough to drain, but they are noted
foolish as to allow its bitterness to be atighlelo
by supposing that they would have done bettern,
and reeelo
have aecepted the last scheme of Earl Russell; f`a.,
Danes can find no compensation for their roll.;d,
tunes in the divisions of their victors, nor, inted-e.
ought Englishmen to join in that absurd and 1/3A ill
cent shout of exultation over German disc°r"-care
which our Liberal contemporaries indulge.. of
may have little reason to believe that the ohltlap.
Germany,. if accomplished, would add to the seed
ray of
.European peace, and we may have lean n",r.
to despise the so-called constitutional party in 'eo
many, but, after all, we cannot desire to see 51,,
like Herr Von Bismarck in possession of ono ea
trolled power, or Hanover and Saxony swall°,vina
up by the most aggressive, the most unscrupo'h-T'e
the most treacherous of European Powers. T,bech
are but two points in the present situation will.,
can afford the slightest satisfaction to Englishniel
and the satisfaction they would give, smallo73",
personal as it is, would be shared by honest men 01
got.enburg
every nation. The fact is that the
pretender, who kindled this flame for his °_,sveicl
aggrandisement, and to gain a throne degrau
himself to the revel of the lowest trickster, seem,
likely after all to meet tha fate due to such ores;
tures, and in the end miss the prize; the other, I",
the Duke. of Saxe-Coburg, his great ally, withor!'
whose active interference not ono of the lives stall:
ficed this iniquitous war would have been 1°8"
has also missed his coup, and instead of becoming
the leader and the arbiter of Germany, has I°,9t
;
whatever real influence he possessed and lies at
mercy of Herr Von Bismarck,