The Sun.
London, England, 1864-10-08 00:00:00

prise in the matter, and we ought before long to
reap the fruits of all these endeavours in the re■
duced prices of this useful material.

Thursday morning witnessed an interesting and
in some degree a novel spectacle in the venerable
old city of London. The first railway train that
has entered its ancient precincts passed over the
new bridge at Blackfriars to the new Ludgate
Station, and returned thence to the station in the
Blackfriars-road, from whence it had started on its
eventful journey. The Fenchurch-street station
and the Farringdon terminus of the Metropolitan
Railway are not, strictly speaking, within the limits
of the City proper, although they are commonly
regarded as City stations, and therefore we may
look upon Thursday's adventure as the pioneer of
those fisry horses which are about to transform our
traditionary City, making its confusion worse con-
founded, and tearing breathless through its few
quiet and secluded spots. Anyone who has not
visited the City for six or eight months, may well
pause amazed at the alterations. Even the grave
old Charterhouse, though spared itself, must look
round upon the devastation and commotion. The
whistle of the guard, the shriek of the engine,
will accord but ill with its sombre grey walls ;
but it cannot expect to be exempt from the general
transformation. Bat the railways are working
changes in every quarter; and Charing-cross itself,
with its iron bridge in place of the Hungerford Sus-
pension, and the monster hotel rising confronting old
St. Martin's, is scarcely recognisable. The citizens
for the most part look with some suspicion on the
innovation, whose advantages they will be the first
to recognise and to profit by when the lines are
fairly at work. The wise supervision of the Houses
of Parliament has restricted the reckless folly of
speculators, who only thought of turning the tide
of the time to suit their own fortunes, with little
regard to the public safety or requirements. It
schemes are good and practical they will not suffer
by a year or two's delay. On the contrary, the
public will be better able to appreciate their utility,
and will be less inclined to offer unreasoning oppo-
sition to them. Should it, however, prove that the
lines already in course of construction are amply
sufficient for the wants of the day, there will be no
need to cut the City up further, destroj ing property
and occasioning inconvenience. At any rate, the
managers of that enterprising company of the Lon-
don, Chatham, and Diver Railway, whose opera-
tions Punch has warned us will in duo time require
the appropriation of Windsor Castle and the Crystal
Palace, have reason to congratulate themselves o❑
the successful progress of their arduous undertaking.
The new bridge over which the train passed on
Thursday was a work of no slight labour, 300 men
and boys having been constantly employed on it from
the close of January to the last day of September.
It consists of four lines of railway, the whole of
which are not yet completed. Telegraph wires, of
course, run overhead, and they are arranged in a
new fashion, which adds to the beauty of the struc-
ture. Some of the directors, the managers, the en-
gineers, and contractors, and other gentlemen
interested in the progress of the line were in the
train, which, like the bridge, was gaily decorated
with flags, and the assembled workmen, whose
strong hands had carried out the designs of the
others, looked on with satisfaction, and cheered
heartily as the carriages moved across the river.
The first City line was, therefore, inaugurated with
every prospect of success without a single draw-
back. We trust its public opening will prove
equally satisfactory, and that when it and its
competitors come into play they may serve they
may servo to relieve, in some measure, the ex2es-
Jive traffic of cue streets, which is now not only
productive of great inconvenience and delay, but is
becoming fraught with absolute danger,

. _
Wills and Bequests.

The late Lady Kindersley, wife of Vice-Chan-
cel:or Sir Richard Torin Kindersley, of Hyde Park-
gardens, having died possessed of property in her
own right, without having disposed thereof by will,
letters of administration were granted by her Ma-
jesty's Court of Probate to her husband, Sir Richard,
as the sole person legally entitled thereto. Lady
Kindersley was the only daughter of the Rev. J. L.
Bennett, and married in 1824.
The late Mrs. Vickers, of E istbourne-terrace,
Hyde Park, who died in August last, and whose
will has just been proved, has left legacies to the fol-
lowing institutions ;—The Deaf and Dumb Asylum,
Bath, £2i° ; the Church Missionary Society,
£l6O ; the Church Missionary Society for Africa
and the East, the Bible Society, the London Society
for the Promotion of Christianity ampegst the Jews,
the Ragged School Factory, Lambeth, to each £5O.
To the parish of St Peter and St Paul, and to the
widows and aged poor of Waleot, £l9 each.
The will of George Beaufoy, E-q., of South Lam.
beth, was proved in London under /250,000 per.
sonalty. The executors and trustees are his widow,
Mrs Anne Beaufoy, C. B. Thornhill, Esq. (his
nephew), John Bolton, and J. R. Turner, the two
named being engaged in the testator's bur iness, under
the firm of Beaufoy and Co., vinegar makers, menu.
facturers ofaeetic acids and chlorides of soda and
lime, also millers. The wia disposes of his library of
books and MUSEUM, which had belonged to his late
whose wish
whilst any of his lineal descendants brother, Henry B. H. Beaufoy, Eeq.,
was that the library and. museum should not be
sold, but,
re-
mained, be held as heirlooms with the family man-
sion, and carefully preserved, and at some future
period applied to a public purpose as an exhibition,
and designated the " Beaufoy Collection," To carry
out such object and intention, the testator has be-
queathed the sum of £lO,OOO. The library and mu
seum to be held by his relict until his son Mark be.
comes of age. The testator directs that his business
shall be carried on by his relict, who shall receive
the profits to the extent of /7,000 a year, and leaves
to her his residence and the estate at Battersea. To
his daughter he leaves £30,000; and to his son
he devises hie freehold estate, and appoints him
residuary legatee of personal property. To each of
his four executors £l,OOO, and a further sum to Mr
Bolton of 300 gs., and to Mr Turner 250 gs., and
like liberal legacies, varying in amount, to twenty-
five other gentlemen of his establishment. To each
of his clerks £lO, and legacies to his servants. He
has further expressed his wish that the annual feast,
as well as gratuities to the clerks, and prizes to the
men, should be continued whilst the business is in
the hands of his relict.—lllustrated London News.

M. RENAN.—The Correspondance Litteraire states
that M. Renan is about to leave for Asia, to visit the places
which were the theatre of the greater part of the life of St.
Paul. A new work of M. Renan's is to be devoted to the
preaching of the Apostles.
HOOD'S LEO s.—Confederate ingenuity is never
at a loss. The head and trunk of a man deprived
of one or more limbs will furnish the wisdom and ardour of
a perfect Hercules. The means of activity can be acquired
by art. A regular service has been organised in the Con-
federacy for the supply from the most skilful makers in
Europe of artificial limbs and members equipped with all
the most cunning contrivances that modern ingenuity has
devised to render them effective substitutes for liv ng bone
and muscle. In the early part of this year an
eminent staff surgeon in the Confederate army was
despatched to London, and took up his quarters in
the neighbourhood of a skilled artist. He came provided
with models of the truncated members of a number of
Confederate officers, spent several weeks in superintending
the manufacture of a number of arms, lege, hands, &c.,
which were supplied in sets of two or three each, that amidst
the perils of blackade-running one at least should reach its
destination iu safeiy. On one particular specimen of ingo.
nuity particular care was bestowed, and the surgeon took
charge of it himself, sewing it up in a waterproof casing,
that it might survive the chance of being thrown overboard
to be rescued from the clutches of Federal chasers. This
was the identical limb—an "Anglesey leg," as it is called
which enabled General Hood to take active service again,
and assume the command of the army at Atlanta.—The
inaa.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

SPAIN,
MADRID, OCT. 7,

The Noticias of to-day says :—" It is asserted
that at a Council of Ministers held yesterday the
recall of Admiral Pinzon was decided upon.
" Measures were also adopted for the future coma
mend and destination of the Pacific bouadron."

CHINA.
(By telegraph from Suez )
SHANGHAI, AUG 22

According to tho latest intelligence received here
f.tom Japan, the state of e,frAirs had b(c)me more
complicated.

There was a prospect of hostilities in the Straits
of Shimonoseki.

An attack on Prince Nagato's fortificAtione wai

expected.

THE WAR IN NEW ZEALAND.
MELBOURNE, AUG, 25.
Advices from New Zealand indicate the possi
bility of peace. The rebels are suffering from wan
of food.

No further military movements have taken place.

FRANCE.

PARIS, OCT. 8.
M. Bourele has been appointed French Minister
to Lisbon; M. Gobinean to Athens; and M. Bondy
to the Court of the Elector of Hesse.
The speech which the Duke de Pereigny deli-
vered some time back at St. E•ienne having been
the object of many attacks, the Duke has recently
addressed a letter to oae of his friends, in which he
replies to the objections of his critics, The follow-
ing are the principal passages of the answer ;
" When comparing the organisation of English society
with ours, I raid that since, in France, the functions of
authority were not confided to the electoral body itself as
in England, but to an administrative hierarchy constituted
apart from that body, it was impossible to establish
amongst us the forms of English liberty without rendering
authority subordinate to liberty, and thus ruining one by the
other ; that this all• important consideration imposed on us
the obligation of founding our institutions on the separa-
tion of authority and liberty, instead of uniting them in the
same hands as in England. This was the substance of my
speech. As the liberty founded by the Empire is, after all,
only an application of the theories propounded by Locke
and Montesquieu, it would have been curious to see pro-
fessors of liberalism assail the leading doctrine of

of those two great chiefs of modern Liberalism

Nothing could have been more piquant than the
refutation, by the Liberal school, of the famous chapter of

the Esprie des Lois, which treats of the condition of liberty
among all natiuns. When the illustrious philosopher so
strikingly demonstrated that liberty resides in the separa-

tion of the three great Powers which exist in every kind of
society—the executive, the legislative, and the judicial and
—that as they happen to be more or less united in the hands
of one man or one assembly, or more or less separated and
independent, so despotism or liberty prevails, ho little
thought that the dty would ever come when hie faith-

less disciples, more occupied with particular aims than
with liberty itself, would abjure his doctrines. What
do I say ? They have not ventured 0 deny the doc-

trines; but, finding it more prudent to ignore them, they
have passed by without seeing them. Do yeu know, in
fast, in what light they consider the thesis of my speech ?
Sometimes as the glorification of administrative centraliza-
tion in opposition of a political regime which would exclude
any change in the present state, by condemning before-

hand all the progress of which liberty is capable, v The last
of those two charges appears to me to be puerile. How, in
fact, admit that a nation which disposes in a sovereign
manner of the legislative power by means of universal suf-
frage, can bo deprived, against the progress which it
may wish to be accomplished ? In what can the principle

and form of the inwitutions of France be an obstaclo to the

manifestation of her will From the moment the country
is rendered the master of its destinies, its liberty is founded,
for it has the means of realising whenever it pleases all the
developments which it may consider to be required. To it.
self, therefore, still more than to the founder of liberty, be-
longs the power of accelerating or retarding. according to
circumstances, the progress of its institutions. If, rendered
pru,tent by the experience of the former disorders of France
it shows itself to be less impatient than certain minds to
favour all the aspirations of liberty, that fact as a disposi •
tion of public opinion which may be approved or regretted,
. . .

ut which can in no way affect the theory of the liberty of
ho empire," The Duke complains of being unjustly blamed

- -
as a pat tisan of centralisation, and calls attention to two de-
crees of an opposite tendency issued at his instance while
Minister of the Interior. Ile declares that he was in favour
of decentralisation before it had become popular, and sup-
ports his easertion by quoting from the preamble to the
decree of the 25th March, 1852, two passages in which he
stated the necessity of decentralisation in all administrative
matters. Though he still thinks, as he thought then, poli-
tical centralisation indispensable to the grandeur of the
State, he is and always has been desirous of seeing the de-
parLments and communes left to manage their own affairs
The Duke concludes with asserting that none of his critics
have confuted the doctrines he advanced at St. Etienne,
and that he considers them unassailable.

By Imperial decree M. Brunet de Presle, mem-
bez of the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles
Lettres, has been named Professor of Modern
Greek at the special school for Oriental languages,
in the room of the late M. Hase.

According to the Ost-Deutsche Post, the Arch-
duchess Maria Theresa, eldest daughter of the
Archduke Albert, has been betrothed to Duke
Philippe of Wurtemberg. The Princess was born

in 1845 and her future Lu3band in 1838. The
Duke is the eon of Duke Frederick William Alexan-
der and the Princess Marie of Orleans, daughter of
King Louis Philippe. It was the Princess Mare
who executed the well-known statue of Joan of
Arc, considered one of the most charming produc-
tions of modern art.

Several journals relate the following :—A con■
gress has just met at Brunswick. A congress of
princes ? No. Of diplomatists No—but of hotel
keepers. Grave and interesting questions were exa•
mined. 1. The complaint of foreigners at the high
price of breakfasts and dinners. 2. The complaints
made against the smallness of the bottles. 3. The
outcry against the high charge for waxlig;lts ; and
4. The discontent shown at the bad attendance of
the servants. What, think you, was the decision
come to? That waxlightP, dinners, breakfasts, and
bottles were all for the best, and that the only com-
plaint attended to should be that about the servants.

The Patric, in reply to some journals which had
announced that the date for opening the session of the
French Chambers is to be this year advanced, states that it
has reason to know that the Senate and Legislative Body
will not assemble Wore the end of January or the begin-
ning of February.

BOURSE, Oct. 7.—The following Securities were
yesterday
quoted es div.:—flank of France Shares
35f., Orleans (Old) Railway Shares 30f., Western
17f. 50c., Roman 12f. 50c. The market has been
very heavy; Stock and other Securities generally
offered, and prices are lower. Threes, for the Ac-
count, are now at 65f. 700. Mobilier have receded
to 9601. The Railway Market has also retrograded.
The market continued heavy to the close, and left
off as follows : _ ._

41 per Cents .. 92
Do. end month....
3 per Cents
Do. end month 65 65
Credit Mobilier 957 50
Do, end month 952 60

Italian Loan 66 40
Do. end month 66 75
Ditto Threes ..
New Mexican .... 61
Russian .. —
Austrian
--
Spanish Threes
Home Pcbt
Deferred

Bank Shares

Credit Fancier l2OO
Roman

RAILWAYS.
Cash. Account.
Orleans
840 •• i,i,3,7A 50
Northern
Lyons and Mediterranean
617 5-0.
.. 910
Southern
622 50
Western
eastern
495 •• 'l'.'
313 75 ..
Sardinian......
43, .. 441 25
Austrian ......
5,0 _- .. 523 75
Lombard
North of Spain
Saragossa 475 --•• '''
Ditto to Barcelona

ESCAPE OF A PRISONER FROM GRANTHAM GAOL.
—On Monday afternoon the police were thrown
into consternation by the discovery of the escape of a pri-
soner, who contrived to get into the prisoner's house, whence
he borrowed one of his great coats and coolly walked out of
the prison door in Guildhall-street. within five minutes
he was missed by the warder, and immediately the officers
were sent in all directions in pursuit of him, and succeeded
in securing him, The prisoner's name is Jessie Dale; he
was convicted last April sessions for picking the pocket of
a woman from Gonerby in Grantham-market, and sen•
tented to 18 months' imprisonment, six of which he had
served. On Tuesday he was taken before the magistrates
charged with stealing the coat of Mr Mawyer (the governor),
and committed for trial at the nest seoaion.