The Sun.
London, England, 1864-09-10 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 10, 1864.

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•

By A. ESKELL,-Esq., Surgeon-Dentist,
8, Grosvenor-street, Grosvenor-square.

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London : Clements, Little rulteney-street.

The Chicago Convention

(From the Index.)

The steamer which left Boston the 31st ult. and Halifax
on the 2d inst., will discharge the bulk of her freight of news
upon the telegraphic wires from off the coast of Ireland, on
Sunday or Monday next at latest. She will bring us the re-
sult of four days' sitting of the Democratic Convention
which assembled at Chicago on the 29th for the purpose of
nominating a candidate for the Presidency of the United
States, and enunciating the policy upon which that can-
didate is, a month later, to appeal to the suffrages of the
three million voters of the Northern States. It is pos-
sible that the sittings of the Convention may have been
stormy and its counsels divided—that, therefore, the
suspense was not definitively ended when the steamer
left the American shore. Military events also may
have taken place, of which we are as yet unaware, to
influence the action of the Convention. Still we shall
learn enough to speculate with tolerable certainty upon the
issue of the approaching crisis, and we know enough even
now to make such speculations more than mere guesswork.

Present indications all point to the nomination of Gen.
M'Clellan. Present indications also permit little doubt
that whoever may be the nominee of the Democratic Con-
vention will be the next President of the United States. If
there were no other reason for this, it would be found in the
almost unanimous feeling among the masses, stronger even
than their earnest longing for peace, that any change in the
personnel of the Administration must be for the better. So
utterly hopeless are Mr Lincoln's chances for re-election,
that his own supporters have set on foot a movement to
unite the party upon one candidate by withdrawing both of
the competitors; and one of them, Mr Fremont, has pub-
licly declared his acquiesenco in the arrangement if Mr
Lincoln will abide by it in good faith. The Jonah of the
sinking ship thus thrown overboard, the fortunes of the
Republicans might possibly still be saved ; but the
inaea)uvre of withdrawing two candidates already in the
field, and finding a third acceptable to the adherents of
both the others, is too complicated to be feasible within
the few weeks which now alone remain before the day of
election. We look, therefore, upon the success of the Demo-
cratic nominee—always supposing the freedom of the polls
from military interference, and barring the improbable con-
tingency of serious Southern reverses—as being as nearly
curtain as human things, and especially American things—
can ever be,

A month ago we should have treated this succees as
synonymous with peace : to-day we owe it to that candour
from which we have never departed, whether the facts
were agreeable to our wishes or the reverse, to say that
the situatien is, though not radically changed, yet essen-
tially modified. Then the yearning for peace at the North
might be translated into the language of reason whispering:
" Better be united with an independent South on terms
of amity than in a conquered South be chained
to a corpse." To-day the yearning is as strong, perhaps
stronger, but the evil has found deluded ears to listen to
the temptation. " The Union may be restored, if we give
the South all else she asks, and we shall obtain by jug-
gling what we failed to obtain by force." The cause of
this relapse is undoubtedly to be sought in the victory off
Mobile, which, while to the South it is only a local reverse,
may thus turn out to be to the North a great national
misfortune. Compared with the madness which ruled
until within the last few months, even the present delu-
sion is relative sanity; but compared with the premising
symptoms of recovery which we had the pleasure of chro-
nicling a short time since, it is a return to madness.
As we were the first in the English press to shout the
glad tidings of "land, land," it behoves us now, when
every one descries the shore, to make certain that it is not
merely a mirage, and to caution against the breakers which
may still prevent the sadly travailed ship from safely
reaching a harbour. 01 er-confidence on the part of spec-
tators who are quietly in port can do but little harm; on
the part of those whose lives and fortunes are embarked
on the vessel, the slightest error may be rain. Here an
illusory view of the prospects of peace will at worst only
hurt a few individuals engaged in speculations ; on the
other side of the Atlantic it will be the wreck of a nation's
destinies. Our journals goes on the library tables of several
hundreds of Northern politicians, both Republican and
Democrat, and what we have to say on so momentous a
question is narrowly scanned by probably more than ten
times that number of Northern eyes. May it please the
All-wise, who is the Ruler of North and South alike, that
our warning come not too late.
The vision of peace is not a mirage. It is the real view
of solid land, full of promises of future prosperity, and
with ample space for Federale and Confederates. There
are two approaches to it; one, marked out by foolish pride
and counselled by political knavery, which leads to certain
destruction; the other, which it requires only common
honesty and a patriotic purpose to find with ease and safety.
In plain words, and dropping metaphor, the North, the
aggressor in this war, and by whom, therefore, the first
advance must be made, has two courses open. It may say
to the South, " We are still able to prolong this war; we
do not even yet abandon all hope of eventual success; but
the war was undertaken under a fatal misapprehension of
its true conditions, and even success could not now give us
what it was undertaken for. While therefore we have still
the power to inflict further injury, we recognise our error,
and offer you a fair and honourable peace." T•
which the South would reply :—" The continent is
largo enough for us both. Since we must occupy it jointly
I for my part will not be a bad neighbour. All our
former troubles arose from our being artifioally linked to-
gether by a tie which chafed us both. This broken, there
is no cause loft why we should not live side by side in
mutual peace and harmony. It is true I owe you no favours,
but neither do Ito the rest of the world ; and if I have any
favours to bestow, they will belong to that Power which
first recognises my just rights, based upon the logic of his-
torical facts and the principles of government for which
your father and mine once fought the same battles." There
would be dignity and self-respect in such language from the
North to the South, and there would be good faith and sin-
cerity in such a reply from the South,
Or the North may address the South somewhat after the
fashion that the plotter of a villany slyly pokes his expected
accomplice in the ribs—" We, the Democrats, aro now in the
ascendancy. The Republicans, silly fanatics, were such
imbeciles, and got so drunk with the unaccustomed nectar
of patronage and office, that the country turned them out
in a fit of disgust, and we, your old allies, are now the
North. Come back to us, and give us votes in the Senate
and in the House, for without it they may come in again
when the people forget their nausea. There, now, we will
hang a few of them, if that pleases you, or at least so
frighten the whole lot, that Abe shall cut his jokes in
Exeter-hall, and Butler seek the tender mercies of London
brewers, and every cheap hotel in all Europe be filled with
New England orators and contractors. Have slavery, and
any guarantees for it you may want. Have your own

way in everything, Only do, do come back into the
Union." To which the South will reply—" Democrats of
the North, who hold this language, you are self-seekers

and time-servers, and I know you of old. You possess
not public virtue enough among you even to have a
conviction, either right or wrong. It is such professions
as those you now make which delayed separation for 20
years only to make it irremediable at last, and it is your
lack of straightforwardness and moral courage which has
caused the inevitable event to be accompanied by this hor-
rible effusion of blood. Yon have fitly selected as your
representative a man who says one thing in private and
another in public, and who neither in public nor in private
dare speak his own mind, it he have one. You who profess
to ascribe the failures of Lincoln, not to Southern valour,
but to the incapacity of his chosen generals, proclaim the
impersonation of failure, M'Clellan, who when at the head
of armies wrote despatches only less lying and bombastic
than Pope's—who, with no better fortune than Grant's,
cannot claim Grant's boldness nor his power of sustaining
the spirits of his men—and who, worst of all, still draws his
pay as a general is the army tor Southern subjugation.
You, who profess to uphold the constitution and the rights
of the States, select as your standard-bearer the man who
first, at Lincoln's bidding, set the constitution at defiance
and trampled the rights of a sovereign State under foot—
M'Clellan, the pliant tool for the arrest of the Maryland
Legislature and the military occupation of that unfortunate
State. You may dezeive the people of the North, but you
cannot deceive the people of the South. The best Southern
blood was not shed to establish a party but to vindicate a
nation."

When the nominee and the "platform" of the Chicago
Convention are known, our readers will be able to judge
which of these two courses the North means to pursue, If
the first, then in a few months there will be a lasting peace
between North and South, such a one as will command the
respect of European Powers, and deride the cowardly and
wicked policy which has ob dined a secret hearing in Cabi-
nets, though its advocates shrink from the infamy of its
open avawal. If, on the other hand, the nominee of the
Chicago Convention shall be WClellan—or whoever may
be the nominee, if its ":platform" be simply a string of
patriotic commonplaces, borrowed from the Fourth of July
orations—then the last hope of salvation for the North
as an empire will have been sacrificed to the fetish wor-
ship of the Union, and there will. be no peace. The
South will not accept an armistice without its necessary
concomitant, the raising of the blockade. It will not go
into a convention of the States with a lie on its lips.
The war must go on, the South growing stronger, the
North weaker. When peace at last shall come, it will
no longer be a peace between equals, but a peace extorted
at the point of the sword in smouldering Northern cities
—a peace made with individual States or groups of States
separated from the rest; and instead of two allied Powers
taking the place of the extinct Union there will be several,
of whioh the South will be the most compact and the
strongest.

Vacancies, Promotions, and Appointments

in the Civil Service.

HOME-OFFICE.-Mr Wilfred Clerk, second olerk in the
Marylebone Police-court, has been appointed chief clerk,
in the room of Mr Henry Phillips, deceased.
TILE ADMIRALTY.-Mr Augustus Fred. Dyer has been
appointed a temporary clerk at Somerset-house—Mr E. IL
Harwood has been appointed a dockyard clerk—Mr G. B,
K. H. Drake has been appointed a temporary dockyard
clerk—Mr R. H Roughton has been appointed a temporary
dockyard clerk—Mr J. Evans has been appointed inspector
of shipwrights, Davenport Dockyard.
OFFICE OF Wizatx.s.—Mr A. Coates has been appointed
a clerk.

CUISTOMS.-Mr E. Corby has been appointed a clerk for
warehousing and general duty, London—Mr Thomas
O'Loghlen has been appointed clerk in the examiner's de-
partment, London.

INLAND REVENIN3.--Stamp and Tax Branch—Mr E.
Hare has been appointed to be a clerk in the Legacy Duty-
office. Excise Branch—Mr A. Haslam, supervisor, Cork,
2d district, Cork collection, has been appointed surveying
general examiner of the third class—Mr Jas Keily,officer,
Glasgow, 7th division, Glasgow collection, has been ap-
pointed officer of Campbelton, 4th division, Campbelton
collection—Mr Alfred Ottley, officer, Pitlochry, Ist divi-
sion, Perth collection, has been appointed officer of Glas-
gow, 7th division, Glasgow collection—Mr James Fraser,
officer, Moville ride, Londonderry collection, has been ap-
pointed officer of Pitlochry, Ist division, Perth collection—
Mr J. Bontock, officer, Derby, 3i division, Nottingham col-
lection, has been appOinted officer of the Chesterfield divi-
sion, Sheffield collection—Mr Geo.V. Cross, officer, Spald-
ing division, Stamford collection, has been appointed officer
of Derby, 3d division, Nottiugham collection—Mr Richard
Baker, officer, Darby, 4th division, Nottingham collection,
has been appointed officer of Spalding division, Stamford
collection.

IRELAND.-Mr Eugene O'Sullivan has been appointed a
clerk in the Public Office of Works, Dublin.
THE EAST INDIES.—Mr Win. Hart, revenue and police
commissioner, southern div sion,has been appointed a mem-
ber of the Bombay Legislative Council—Mr R. J. Crostia-
waite, reported qualified, has been attached to the N. W.P.,
the Punjaub, and Oude—Mr C. A. R. Browning, inspec•
tor of schools, northern circle, has been appointed to offi-
ciate as director of public instruction in the central pro-
vinces, in the room Capt. P. Dods, on leave to Eur ; Lieut.
G. H. Trevor, inspector of schools, eastern circle, has been
appointed to officiate as inspector of schools,northern circle,
vice Mr Browning—Captain J. Wood, political agent of
Nimar, has been appointed a deputy-commissioner of the
first-class—Mr S. J. Naber, deputy-oolleotor, has been ap-
pointed extra assistant-commissioner, first class—the Rev.
W. S. Trotman, joint chaplain of Kamptee, has been
appointed chaplain of Seetabuldee, in the central pro-
vinces—Mr G. Dillon, extra assistant-commissionar,
Lohurdugga, has been promoted to the third grade—Mr.
C. A. S. Bedford has been appointed to be extra assistant
commissioner of Maunbhoom, and to exercise the powers of
a subordinate magistrate of the second class. The follow-
ing officers have been appointed to officiate as joint magis-
trates and deputy collectors :—Mr J. 8. Porter, assistant to
the magistrate and collector of Azimgurgh—Mr C. F. Hall,
assistant superintendent of Deyrah Doon—Mr J. W. Mul-
ligan, assistant to the magistrate and collector of Humeer-
pore—Mr E. Montague, assistant to the magistrate and
collector of Allygurh.—Cival Sen., ice Gazette.

THE AMERICAN BLOCKADE.--Liverpool, Sept. 8,
—The report of the capture of the Lillian, from
Wilmington for Bermuda, on July 24, is incorrect. She
arrived at the latter port, and subsequently left for
mington, where she arrived about Aug. 4. The Little
Hattie, from Wilmington, arrived at Bermuda on Aug. 16.
She had btea chased, and had to throw overboard upwards
of 270 bales of cotton. The Little Hattie arrived at Halifax
from Bermuda on Aug. 16. Late advices report the blockade
trade almost suspended, most of the steamers having either
been injured, or officers suffering from fever. Bermuda,
Aug. 18.—The Mary Bowers, from Wilmington, which
arrived hero on Aug. 13, reports having thrown overboard
60 bales of cotton, having been chased by the R. Cuyler,
Federal gunboat, which vessel pinked them up,
THE Ass.—Of all the animals that came out
of the ark the donkey is the least considered by
the master whom he serves so patiently and so well. The
poor beast seems to have shared the curse with Ham, and
to have been banned from the beginning. Iv, may,
with-
out incurring the charge of irreverence, imagine that
Noah had a great deal of trouble with him;
that he was the last to be got into the ark, and
the last to be got out of it ; that while Shem ascended
despised. only because he out
to the back of the stately elephant, and Japhet
mounted the graceful horse, Ham bestrode the humble ass,
and man and beast went forth into the wilderness together,
donkey
the horse, and that if the
to be slighted and despised. Buffos and Cuvier both
thought :our gr
sorry
tfi tghuart thee
hy do n
comparisonk
latter were unknown the donkey would have had great care
lavished upon him, and thus have increased in size and
developed his mental powers to an extent almost impossible
to imagine. Adopting this theorhwe must regard the donkey
as the victim of an invidious and odious comparison. But
with all respect for Buffos and Cuvier, loaumientcolifnehdistoctharienekr
that there are other causes for the contempt which
h at-
tacheselahetuor
laboured
sunadnei
rmtahl
e.
greatA tth ed verysd of not beingvantage outset
" good-looking." We all know how a defect of this kind
affects even the destiny of man. Hunchbacks and cripples,
and misshapen persons are not, as a rule, the special pots of
society, but rather the contrary. Natural disposition, too,
is a most important element in the account. By nature the
donkey is humble and patient, susceptible of strong
attachments, and contented with the smallest of mercies,
and for this reason ho is "put upon." It is the same
with the human animal. :When a man is patient
and humble, and contented with little, ho is almost
invariably the butt and the drudge of others.
meek,Every eoenseristemacpqeuraeia human
dwaitnh
ds
oo
nmk e Pig-headed ungainly,
a who runs errands,
lends money, amuses children, hangs pictures, sees old
maids home, sleeps on the shake-down, goes outside the
omnibus in the rain to oblige a lady, and generally does
everything he is asked to do by his sharper and more
selfish neighbours. This is pure good nature, but clever
people who profit by it call it, in the fulness of their grati-
tude, stupidity. The meek and mild character always
invites contumely and ill.usage. If the horse commands
more respect than the donkey, it is not because his
character is more amiable, but because he inspires more
. eitheran
fear. Thus the world will always have a higher opinion
of the ruthless warrior who conquers with sword and
flame, than the mild apostle of peace who goes t
.
quietly and unobtrusiveli seeking to do good. But the
terriblett l e .
mTb
nbaet
c meekocombination
af
donkey has a physical detect—a defect which is never for-
givenn mind dinsbuloarnt ofo tarsbet4usrtt lie is e
is a
namfortunee,--.4U the Ycar

The Tendencies of the Polish Insurrection.

At the sitting, on the 29th ult., of the Court
which is hearing the great Polish case at Berlin,
M. Sanecki read the following letter from General
Langiewiz:—
Sir,—The trial of the Poles at Berlin, in which you take
so distinguished a part in the defence, induces no to declare
to you that I am ready to give evidence regarding the ten-
dencies of the late insurrection. It appears to me that if the
defence thinks proper to hear me, the High Court cannot
refuse my evidence in a matter in which the prosecution
has not recognised me as guilty. It is no secret to the
Prussian authorities that for the last few years before the
insurrection I resided in Italy, England, and France ; that
I took part in Garibaldi's campaign in 1860 ; that I was in-
structor in the military school at Paris and Genoa ; and that
I had personal relations with people whom government pro-
secutors are pleased to call the leaders of the cosmopolitan
revolution, for M. Larochejaquelin oven accused me of
Mazzinism from the Parliamentary tribune in February,
1863. It is moreover known that the insurrectionary move-
ment in the palatinate Sandomir, on January 22, 1863,
broke out under my personal direction, and that, therefore,
I must have had close relations with the chief leaders of the
Polish movement even before the insurrection. Further,
my open participation in the insurrection after the above
date, and ultimately my assumption of the dictatorial
authority, allow the inference that I must know the ob-
jects of the insurrection, at least up to the date of my cap-
ture by the Austrians (19th March, 1863), and also the
arrangements which were made to secure the objects of the
insurrection. I am thoroughly acquainted with the military
arrangements made by the Central Committee for the in-
surgent bands which were to be found in all the palatinates
of the Congress kingdom. These arrangements not only did
not tend to any hostile measures against Prussia, but even
did not facilitate the arrival of volunteers from Polish
Prussia; for it was intended, after the dispersion of the
scattered Russian garrisons, immediately to concentrate all
the Polish forces against the Russian armies,which of course
could not form on the Prussian frontier ; all the Polish de-
tachments which were to be formed in the palatinates on the
Prussian frontier were accordingly to march immediately
eastwards. As regards political instructions, the Central
Committee, up to the creation of the dictatorial authority,
most strictly directs its subordinates to avoid everything
that might disturb the peace in the Polish territories of
Austria and Prussia, and even anything that might cause
fear or illwill on the part of the Austrian or Prussian Go-
vernments towards the insurrection, which was solely
directed against the Czar. I need hardly add that the in-
structions and orders issued during the dictatorship were
conceived in the same spirit. If, according to the allega-
tions of the prosecution, the National Government in-
tended to seize on Polish Prussia, why do not I, an insur-
gent and known leader of that Government sit on the bench
of the accused So far as I know the Prussian authorities
have not demanded any extradition of Austria, although by
the treaty published in Austria on the 4th of January, 1834,
that power is bound to give up traitors to Prussia on her re-
quisition. Hitherto I have not been examined as to the
objects of the insurrection. On the 29th of April, five weeks
after my imprisonment, I presented a petition to the Prus-
sian Government, through its ambassador in Vienna, for
my expatriation, with the object of settling in Switzerland.
The result was a careful inquiry among the military adminis-
trative, and judicial authorities, and an investigation by the
Court Prosecutor at Berlin of the documents of this very
trial, with the object of ascertaining whether there was any
objection to my expatriation. At length, on the 17th Sept.,
1863, the,order for my expatriation was made out and sent
me through the Prussian Embassy. Did the National Go-
vernment, then, only determine to seize Prussian Poland
after my imprisonment? Or, rather, did the prosecution
only convince itself, after the 17th of last September, that
such was the object of the National Government ? I am
no lawyer, but the fate of the accused warmly interests me,
and I beg you therefore to pardon me if I attribute an undue
weight to my evidence, and to my question of the prosecu-
tion—why it did not include me among the accused. Once
more, declaring my readiness to serve the cause of truth
and the accused, I am, &c. 11. Larcornwrz.
Josefstadt, August 23, 1864.

The Court, however, rejected the proposal " as
the General must be regarded as a participator in
the insurrection, and consequently as being in the
same position as the accnEed."

Extraordinary Suicide of a Young Woman.

Yesterday forenoon Mr John Humphreys, Middlesex
coroner, held an inquiry at the Black Horse Tavern,
Kingsland-road, respecting the death of Ann Holliday,
aged 17, who committed suicide under very extraordinary
circumstances.

Richard Arnold, 6, Duncan-street, London-fields, said
that about 12 o'clock on Thursday morning he was on the
Haggeraton-bridge, when he saw the deceased on the top of
the parapet. A girl named Louisa Francis had a hold of her,
and kept her np. Francis called out that she c ,uld not bold
her longer. Witness ran up and saved her. Two police.
men came up at the time, and one of them took her into
custody, but the other said, " Oh, let her go ; she is afraid
to drown herself." He let her go, and she went away from
the canal. but witness saw her turn up another street. He
followed her, and saw her rushing up the street towards
the Queen's-road-bridge. He overtook her, and said, " You
are a very foolish young woman." She said, " You do not
know all." A. crowd gathered, and she asked the way to
Cambridge-heathbridge. After a short time had elapsed,
witness saw her getting over a paling next the towing path.
Louisa Francis caught hold of her dress, but she struck
Francis in the face, and saying, " There is no use in your
trying to stop me," forced herself clear. Witness jumped
the paling; but fell, and deceased plunged into the water.
There was a dog present, and witness sent the animal in,
but it was not strong enough to pull her out. A crowd
gathered, and five policemen. The drags did net come for
a long time. A gentleman said that he would go in after
deceased ; but he did not like the job, and he was ten
minutes taking off his shirt and trousers. He said that
some one in the orowd stole his shirt-pin, and when he went
into the water he kept his watoh in his hand. He could not
swim very well, and he came out again.
Coroner—With five policemen standing by, did he think
it necessary to carry his watch in his hand P

Witness said that the gentleman was very vexed about
his pin being stolen. The police said to him that he could
have taken twenty shirts off while he was taking off one ;
but they did not offer to go in themselves. Ultimately the
drags were brought, and deceased was got out, dead. Wit-
ness could not tell who the policeman was that let the de-
ceased out of his oustody in the first instance. Deceased
appeared to be sober. _ _

. -
Louisa Francis, 5, Mildmay-avenue, Ball's-pond, said
that deceased lived with her. On the Wednesday night
she met Charles Nicholson, with whom she lived. There
was a quarrel, he struck her, and she said she would corn-
wit suicide. She was not sober• She tried to commit suicide
two years ago.
Charles Nicholson, a seller of "canaries," or stained
sparrows, about the streets, a respectably dressed young
man, said that deceased lived with him as his wife He met
her on Wednesday in the street, and asked her for the key.
She refused it. and threw money and mud in his face. He
struck her with his open hand, not with his fist, and pushed
her down. He knew she walked the streets, but he gave
her money to live upon. She had taken poison. once. It
was said she poisoned her child, and she was arrested for
it, but it was a mistake. The child died. She lived with
another before she lived with witness.
The parents of the deceased said that she lodged three
doors from their house in Mildmay-avenue. She never had
a child, and she had only been given to loose ways for three
or four months. Other evidence, however, was to a very
different effect. One witness stated that the deceased, who
was a very fine girl, had been " gay" to the knowledge of
her parents ever since she was a child. She would not have
been 17 until May next.
The Coroner remarked upon the extraordinary nature of
the case. It was a preposterous act for the police to have let
the deceased go free when they had arrested her in ,the
very act of committing suicide. The state of profligacy
disclosed was a disgrace to all concerned.
The jury returned a verdict, " That the deceased com-
mitted suicide while in a state of unsound mind from drink
and debauchery."
The proceedings then terminated.

WORK OF COUNTY COURT JUDGES•—A Parlia-
mentary return shows that the County Court judges in
England are occupied from 105 to 175 days in the year in
disposing of the business before them. Halt of them are
thus occupied not less than 140 days in the year. The salary
is generally £1,200 a year, but there are 11 judges receiv-
ing £1,500. The whole number is 59.
CAPTAIN SEMMES.—Yesterday the following was
received at Lloyd's from an agent attached to the
Salvage Association, who had just arrived from Bremer-
haven :—" Friday, Sept. 9.—A large steamer is reported to
have put into Nieudiep on Saturday, with French colours
flying, for a pilot. A boat put out, and put one on board.
The steamer then came out under Prussian colours, and on
reaching Bremerhaven again changed colours and hoisted
the Confederate flag. The pilot who took her to Bremer-
haven believes she still remains there. She steamed 10
knots at half speed, and is reported to be under the com-
mand of Captain Semmes (late of the Alabama), with 300
wen on board, and is pierced for 40 guns. She is said to
have been built at Bordeaux, where there are three similar
in the course of building." The agent of Lloyd's Associa-
tion adds that the above information was volunteered by the
pilot who took her to Bremerhaven,

PRICE ..4d.
STAMPED:....ISd.

Railways in the Highlands of Scotland•

The Highlands and Islands of Scotland are now
within 24 hours' distance of London, and there is
every prospect that before the close of another4year
there will be an iron road from the Land's End to
John o'Groat's. By the extension of the Aberdeen
and Inverness Junction and the Inverness and Perth
Railway from Perth, where they both converge,
there is direct communication with Dingwall and
Taira, the two principal towns in Rossshire, and it
is now proposed to carry forward the coast line on
the one hand to Wick, and to make a new line from
D;ngwall direct on through the western district to
the Isle of Skye. The eastern line will bring the
great fisheries of the Caithness coast into proximity
with all the southern markets, while the western
line will open up the whole of the West Highlands,
and enable the sheep farmers and graziers to send
their stock to London, and intermediate towns. The
fisheries of Skye and the West Highland lochs will
also be developed by this new means of conveyance.
The principal portion of the required capital has
already been raised, and chiefly by the landlords
through whose property the line will pass. The
estimated cost of the railway is under £OOO a mile.
All the railways in the north of Scotland are single
lines, but well worked, and have hitherto been en.
tirely free of accident.
Since the opening of the Strathspey line in con.
nection with the Great Northern of Scotland Rail.
way, which has its entrcpot at Aberdeen, ironstone
has been discovered on the estate of Arndilly, and
the mines are already being worked. A sample of
the ore was forwarded to England for analysis,
and the results being satisfactory, nearly 500 have
been blasted and qaarried, with every probability
that the mountains around will afford an unlimited
supply. Manganete has been found on the
Dake of Richmond's property, and is now
being worked. On the opposite coast at Brora
coals were found many years ago, but for
some reason or other it was never mined.
Should these mines turn out well, the smelting fur.
nace will no doubt soon appear, and there will be
a" black country" in the Highlands of Scotland as
well as in Staffordshire.
The introduction of railways in these parts is

likely to bring into general repute the mineral
waters of Strathpeffer, in Ross-shire, which are
similar to those of Harrogate, and have been long
locally used. They are on the property of the
Duchess of Sutherland, and at present attended by
an average of some 200 people: The duchess bas
had the place beautified, and the prices of the water
are all but nominal, the rental of the wells being all
laid out in keeping the grounds in repair. There
are mineral baths now fitted up and two hotels,
where there is most comfortable accommodation on
very reasonable terms. Mineral springs of a similar
character have been opened in Ballendalloch, not
far frotia the manganese mines already noticed.
In view of these facts it will not be surprising to
hear that Highland property is increasing in value.
The shootings have greatly advanced in rental, and
the sheep farms are on the rise. The population of

the Highlands is at present in comfortable circum.
stances, and it is to be hoped we have seen the end
of that periodical distress which had becdme chronic,
and could never have been relieved by the old sys.
tem of the cottage and croft, with the squatter un-
improveable being in his native glen, while the no-
mads were good for nothing but to go a-fishing in
summer and lie at home in idleness in winter. All
classes will benefit by the progress of science in
the north, and fixed habits of industry and useful-
ness will ultimately become characteristic of the
people.