The Sun.
London, England, 1864-09-27 00:00:00

CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS,

The following telegram has been received at Mr
Reuter's office from the Peninsular and Oriental
Steens Navigation Company:—

MARSEILLES, SBPT. 26.
The Euxine, with the above mails, arrived here
at 10 a.m. to-day.
The mails will leave for London at 11.30 a.m.

Examination of Muller at Bow Street,

The following is a continuation of the evidence adduced
at the examination yesterday :
Inspector Kerressey, of the K division of police—On the
10th July, about nine in the morning, I went to the Bow
station and there I saw a first class carriage, No. Md. I
observed the hot Ile of the door of the off side was bloody,
I then went to No 5, Clapton-square, and saw Mr Briggs.
I examined his hands carefully to ascertain 'whether there
were marks of blood thereon. I found none. I noticed a
hook on Mr Briggs's waistcoat, which was taken our by
Mr Briggs, jun., and delivered to me. I now produce it,
I also produce the gold chain Mr Death identili,,s. I re-
ceived it from that gentleman. I also got a smaller ring,
which I produce, from Sergeant Prescott.
By Mr Beard—l first saw Mr Briggs about nine o'clock
on the morning of Sunday the 10th.
Mr Francis Toulmin—l reside at Lower Clapton, and I
am a surgeon. I was the medical attendant of the late Mr
Briggs. I was called to him on Sunday morning, 10th of
July, between two and three o'clock. Ile was then lying
at the Mitford public-home. He was removed under my
supetintendence from there to his own house between six
and eight o'clock in the morning. 1 saw him again at,
his own house at nine. I saw him repeatedly during the
day on which he died. lie expired about a quarter to 11 on
Sunday night. I afterwards made a post mortem examina-
tion of the body on the 12th. Mr Brereton and other enedical
men were present. On the left ear was a jagged wound
which divided the cartlidge. Anterior to that was a deep
wound nearer the eyebrow, which penetrated to the bone,
but which was subsequently found not to have entered the
cavity cf the cranium. On his scalp were several incised
wounds, most of them about three quarters of au inch in
length. _

Sir Flower—When you say several, do you know how
many there were ? . _ _

Wltness—Four of five, one was three inches in length.
On removing the scalp Ihe skull was found to be exten-
sively fractured, the fissures extending in various directions.
The temporal bone was found driven in and comminuted.
Blood was found in considerable quantity between the
dura mater and the Wain. No disease was discovered.
The heart, lungs, and liver were quite healthy.
Mr Giffard—What was the cause of death ?
Witness—Fracture of the skull and concussion of the
brain.

Mr Giffard—Could you form any opinion how the injuries
were inflicted ?

Witness—l should say they were inflicted with a blunt
instrument forcibly used.
By Mr Beard—Mr Briggs was moved by my direction
from the Mitford Arms in a dhoolie, or kind of ambulance.
I don't know that the medical gentlemen who were present
at the post-mortem disagree with me in my conclusion.
There was grit about the wound on the ear. My attention
was not drawn to n stone on the six-foot way. I did not
try whether that stone fitted into any of the marks on the
head of dcceastd.

Mr Giftard—lf the blows had been struck in the carriage
and the blood had fliwed would not grit adhere if the body
had fallen from the carriage?

Witness—Yes.
Mr Beard—Might not the wound on the temple be caused
by the stone referred to ?
Witness—Certainly, if the deceased in falling from the
carriage struck on the stone it might produce the wound I
have referred to.

Mr Giffard—Supposing the wound on the temple was
made with the stone, would that cauee the other wounds
you found on the head.
Witness—Certainly not. That would be simply im-
possible.
By Mr Beard—l read my post mortem notes over to Mr
Breretcn and Mr Hooper, and no direct exception was taken
to them by either of those gentlemen. I did not ask either
of them to sign my notes. I read it over to them and they
made no objection to them. I don't know that they dis-
agree with my conclusions.

-Mr Alfred 13rereton, surgeon, said—l saw the late Mr
Briggs previous to his death. I went to the spot where
Mr Briggs was found lying, and there I found the gravel
moistened with blood. About the spot we found a round
stane in the centre of the blood stain. The stone had
blood and hair upon it. Mr Cooper has that stone in his
possession. I afterwards examined a first-class railway
carriage at the Bow station. The witness hero gave a
descri, tion of the interior of the railway carriage, which
vas precisely similar to that given by the railway
guard.
Mr Gifford—Did you take any part in the poet morteut
examination ?
Witness—No.
Mr Giffard—Did you observe it sufficiently to speak to
the cause of death ?
Witness—Yes.
' Mr GiffOrd—What, in your judgment, was the cause of
death ?

Witness—Fracture of the skull producing compression of
the brain.

Mr Flower—Upon which side of the carriage was the
greatest quantity of blood? _ _

- NVitness—Onthe near side, that is the seat next to th 3
engine. The blood filled up the cavities made in the cushion
by the buttons.

Inspector Tanner, of the detective police—l have the
conduct of this matter by direction from Sir R. Mayne.
On the 19th of July last I left London in company with
Sergeant Clark, for New York. When the Victoria arrived
there on the 25th of August, I found the prisoner on board.
I placed him with nine other men in tho saloon of the ship,
leasing Islr. Death on the deck. That gentleman went
below and pointed out the prisoner, and said " This is the
man from whom I received the chain." I afterwards, on
the same morning, spoke to the prisoner relative to a ring.
I had told him I was an officer in the police force in Lon-
don, and I held a warrant charging him with the murder
of Mr Briggs. That he was about to undergo an exami-
nation in America, but that ultimately he would have to go
to England with me as a prisoner to answer the charge. I
then said " Have you stated that you have lost a ring?"
"Yes, sir, not lost it, but it must have been stolen from my
pocket." I asked what sort of a ring it was, as I would
endeavour to have it found. He said "A gold ring, with a
white stone in it, with a head engraved on it. I bought it
in Cheapside. I gave 7s. 6,1. for it, but I don't know the
name of the shop." The ring was not found. I took pos-
session of the prisoner's effects on board the Victoria. I
heard the witness Gifford describe one of the parcels brought
by the prisoner to.the decks previous to the sailing of the
ship. I have been unable to discover anything of that
kind. Prisoner said all his things were in a black box,
which on opening was found to be about a quarter full.
Mr Beard-1 suppose there will be no objection to grant-
ing us an examination of the letters and papers found in
the prisoner's box.
Mr Giffard —I cannot give any promise of that kind at
present, but I have no doubt every opportunity will be
given to the gentlemen conducting the defence.
Mr Giffard—That, sir, forms the whole of the evidence
I intend to offer on the present occasion, and on it I ask
you to commit the prisoner for trial,
Mr Beard—l shall offer no opposition to such a course. I
shall reserve the defence of the prisoner until a future
occasion.

Mr Flower (to prisoner)—As a mere matter of form, I
ask you if you have anything to say against being com-
mitted for trial. You have s legal adviser, and therefore
you abide by what he says; but I ask the question as a
mere matter of form.

Prisoner—l have nothing to say now, sir.
The whole of the witnesses were then formally bound
over to appear at the next cessions of the Central Ciimim I
Court, to which place the prisoner was fully committed on
charge of wilful murder.

The prisoner during the whole of the five hours' exami-
nation conducted himself with the greatest coolness and
self-possession ; so much so, indeed, that it created the
utmost surprise in the wind of every person in court,

Foreign Mail Packet List.

MAILS DUE.

Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton, ..Oct 19.

- via Marseilles Oct. 13.
lrazil and Cape -Verde, by British packet. Oct. 4.
Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena Sept. `..S.
Chula, Penang, and Singapore, via Southamptun.Oet. 2
via Marseilles Sept. :7.

Falkland Islands..

Gibraltar, via Southampton
India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Oct. 2
via Marseilles Sept, 27.
India (Bombay), via Southampton ..
via Marseilles Oct. G.
Portugal....
Nlalta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Sept. 25.
via Marseilles Sept. 27.
Newfoundland
Oporto and Vigo ..
U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.... Sept. 2S.
by U.S. packet....
by Canadian packet. Sept. SO.
All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, 1 Sept. 28.
California. and British Columbia..

Lord and Lady Londesborough are daily ex.
pected to arrive at Grimaton Park, near Tadeaster,
Lord Robert Clinton has arrived at the Quen,s
Hotel, Upper Norwood.
ACCIDENT TO AN EXPRESS TRAIN.—An accident,
happily unattended with fatal consequences, but
which created groat alarm among the passengers, occurred
yesterday at an early hour to the down morning express
boat train on the London, Chatham, and Dover Railway.
This train left Victoria and Blackfriars Stations at 7
aan ,and having amalgamated at Herne Hill, proceeded on
its journey for Dover. Atter passing through Sydenhara Hill
tunnel, the train ran by Penge Station, and was travelling
over the slight embankment about a quarter of a mile be-
yond this spot, when, from some hitherto unexplained
cause, the engine left the rails, and, after running for 200
yards over the sleepers and permanent way, fell upon its
side down the embankment, dragging with it a second-
class carriage, in which were three or four passengers, in-
cludingone of the company's workmen—a gas-fitter—whose
leg was broken. The passengers in the first-class carriages,
of whom there were about 30, escaped injury—these car-
riages not having left the line—except one, an Engineer
officer stationed at Chatham, whose skin WIAS graz.A. The
driver and stoker of the engine heroically stuck to their
posts, and were both slightly hurt ; but the guard was able
to proceed to Dever with most of the passengers in a specia
train which was seat down from Viei eria iumaaliately upon
telegraphic notice of the accident reaching London.

The Prince and Princess of Wales in

Denmark.

(From the Times' Special correspondent.)
COPENHAGEN, Thursday.

The postal arrangements in Copenhagen are of
such an arbitrary character that there was no op.
portunity yesterday afternoon of making more than
a hasty allusion to the visit of the Royal party to
Thorwaldsen's Museum. This building, which is
at once the shrine and shroud of the great Danish
sculptor, enjoys among artists a world-wide reputa-
tion ; but to the visitor who may previously have
made acquaintance with some only of his best de•
tached pieces, such as the monumental effigy at
Lucerne to the Swiss Guards of Louis XVI., there
is a sensation altogether novel in turning from the
living creations of his genius to the granite edged
slab in the centre of the courtyard under which Thum
Nealdsen_lies buried. Giving for once a refutation to
the proverb that "the prophet is not honoured in
his own country," this building was commenced in
the lifetime of the artist, who was well aware of its
double destination, and, in fact, superintended the
construction of the vault which was eventually to
enclose his remains. The architectural details of
the building are largely indebted to the styles visible
in both Greek and Etruscan sepulchres, and the
mural ornaments of the interior are copied from the
decorations of ancient tombs. Allegorical allusions
abound everywhere to the genius of Thorwaldsen,
and the difficulties which it overcame ; and on the
summit of the building is a fine bronze casting of
Victory in a car checking her steeds in the moment
of triumph. The figure of the goddess and that of
one of the horses in this group are items reproduced
from Thorwaldsen's own designs; the car and the
other three horses were modelled by W. Binsen.
A description has already been attempted of the
curious effect produced by the external wall paint-
ings in coloured stucco which are intended to set
forth the arrival of the sculptor when, in 1838, after
an absence of 18 years, he returned to Copenhagen
in a vessel carrying the greater portion of the works
destined for the Museum. Of the contents of the
building it will be sufficient to say they are divided
into two parts, the first consisting of pieces of sculp-
tare actually chiselled by Thor waldsen, or copies
in marble or plaster of his works, the second being
the collection of objects of ancient and modern art
which he amassed during his lifetime. Some idea
of the extent and interest of the Museum may be
gained from the fact that, irrespective of the plaster
casts, it includes no less than four groups, 17 sta-
tues, 18 busts, 61 bas-reliefs, and a fticze, in marble.
The total number of Thorwaldsen's works collected
here is about 660. All the sketches and moulds
which he used have been preserved, so that it is
possible in the case of each of his principal works
to follow the gradual development of the idea from
the first bold outline to the last delicate touch of
the graver. Denmark certainly deserves to produce
great men,for in every department—Kings, savants,
or artists—their deeds live after them, and their
remains are held in honour.

Having left Copenhagen, the Royal party re-
turned to Bernstorf Castle, from which they soon
set out again for Sorgenfri or Sans-Souci, the resi.
deuce of the Queen Dowager, where they dined and
spent the evening. This quiet little chateau, lying
about six miles from the capital, bat not more than
two from Bernstorf, was a favourite habitation of
King Christian VIII., predecessor of the li,te King
Frederick VII , and from the time of his decease
in 1848 Queen Caroline Amelie, his widow, has con-
tinued to reside there. Within a very short dis-
tance from the high road, bat shut in by its own
grounds,the plain white castle,some what resembling
that of Bernstorf, is only distinguished from a pri-
vate building of the ordinary character by a little
ornamental belfry and clock tower, which, being
open, has in the distance very much the effect of a
red umbrella prcj'cting from the roof. The dining-
hall, which lies in the centre of the building, is the
only apartment of large size, and from its five win-
dows
.looks out upon a pleasant park of limited
extent, but studded with chestnut trees, and
sloping at one extremity towards a sheet of orna-
mental water. In the grounds stand a couple

of pillars, ornamented with busts, in memory

of a former Crown Prince of Denmark,
father of Christian VIII., and his wife, who had
English Royal blood in her veins. The bust of the
Prince is of bronze, that of the Princess of black
stone, sunk into a monolith, so as to give it precisely
the effect of a silhouette. In the quiet beauty of the
avenue of trees, stretching away from the front of
the house to the chain of lakes that lie beyond
Lyngby, and in the confidence of the peacocks
strut' ing along the terrace and waiting their meal
from the hands of the Queen, there was confirmation

of the stories which residents have to tell of the una

ostentatious goodness of life at Sorgenfri. To mem-
bers of Royal families abroad, as well as to their
subjects, there must be an indescribable charm in the
absence of parade on such occasions as last evening.
Although members of two reigning families were
for the time to be guests of the representative of a
former dynasty, no restriction was on that account
imposed on the access of the public to the grounds.
They gathered about the very entrance door, and

narrowed the avenue from the carriages so much
that the ample dresses of the ladies arriving had not
more than the necessary room to pass; but the only
custodians—if such they could be called—were two
footmen in Royal liveries standing on the doorstep.
There were costumes of all kinds in the crowd—stu-
dents' caps from Upsala and Copenhagen, residents
in the neighbourhood whose dresses might have
passed for English, and peasant women with their
wonderful silk bonnets and gilt crowns, The names
of the guests gave rise to some curious reflections.
Prince Bentheim Steinfort's title recalled the fact
that the Queen. Dowager herself is sister to that
Duke of Augustßnburg who compounded for his
claim to the Duchies, and consequently aunt to the
Pretender of the present day. The Count de Dan-
neskiold-Samsoe, on the other hand, is a noble-
man of long Danish pedigree, a near connection of
our own noble house of Ailesbnry, and one who
enjoys the privilege of having the livery nearest in
colour to that of the King of Denmark. The
wonderful headpieces and tall green feathers of
the Chssseurs waiting on the foreign equipages were
in marked contrast to the tight-buttoned coats and
English hats that drove up with the carriage of Sir
Augustus and lady Paget. Last of all, and punc-
tual to the momenc of 6 o'clock, came the equipages,
with their scarlet liveries, bringing the King and
Queen of Denmark, the Prince and Princess of
Wales, and the rest of the Royal family. They
were received in perfect silence, but otherwise with
every demonstration of respect, and, having passed
into the house and exchanged congratulations with
their Royal hostess, the company at once sat down
to dinner.

FRIDAY.

Last evening the officers of the Burgher Guard of
Copenhagen were entertained at dinner at the
Christiansborg Palace by his Majesty the King of
Denmark. Ever since the day when the review did
2101 take place, there had been a sort of slumbering
dissatisfaction at the absence of the Prince of Wales,
and the oeca3ion, therefore, when the heads of the
force would have the opportunity of meeting his
Royal Highness at table was naturally looked for-
ward to with interest. Every one who had hit herto
seen and spoken to the Prince of Wales was im-
pressed most favourably with his manner and bear-
ing, and even those who had merely been able to
obtain a passing glimpse of his features united in
declaring that the photographic likenesses failed
.to do him justice. It is satisfactory, therefore, to
Know that the entertainment of last evening
formed no exception to the general rule,, and that
therepresentative of the Royalty of England was
moat
highly thought of by all with whom he
eat" in contact. To meet the dicers of the
National Guard and volunteers a distinguished corn-
PthßenT
Betertileirziableil :1 including the principal officers of
816 I in these waters, the
Aurora, which is somewhat of a heavy retiler, having
taken her departure
r ofth Yesterday for Stockholm
,
tPhreinPcreinlNc'esnamefen,
and
real the Queen of Denmark
t' thes elder members of
present, tho Royal family werewith the members
of tile Eoglieh and Danish suites,
In
about 70
persons sat down to dinner. 'rho tables were laid
abor.g
in the second great room of the (3Uristin
Palace, known as tl;e appartenzent sal, that
which the concert was given a few eveningsaatgo.

All the male guests appeared in full uniform, those
belonging to the volunteer regiment—a corps
raised from among the better classes of Copenhagen,
and distinguished from those whose service is com-
pulsory by a dress somewhat resembling that of
Lancers dismounted, meeting with suite a warm
reception at the hands of the crowd outside the
Palace gates.

According to present arrangements the Prince of
Wales will go on board the Osborne to-morrow at
Elsinore, and take his departure the same afternoon
for Stockholm, remaining in that capital about three
or four days, according to circumstances. Including
the voyage to and fro an absence of eight days in
all is contemplated. His royal highness will be the
guest of the King of Sweden during his stay, but
the same privacy which has characterised his visit
to the north of Europe hitherto will be maintained.
On this point etiquette is so rigid that even the
passport of his royal highness is not made out in
the name of the Prince of Wales. The scenery in
the environs of Stockholm is charming, and it is
probable that several excursions will be organised
in connection with the approaching visit. There
is a statement that the King of Denmark may pos•
sibly dine on board the Osborne with the Prince of
Wales on Saturday, which would, of course, retard
the departure for some hours. On this point, how.
ever, nothing is positively settled, and the decision
will obviously depend in a great measure on the
state of the weather at the moment. To-day, after
a week of beautiful weather, it is once more rain-
ing pitilessly.

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA.

(-From the Times' Correspondent,)
NEW YORK, Sept. 13.

" The weather is beautiful and all things are
bright," says Mr Stanton, in his last despatch to
General Dix. It is the aspect of the war that is so
pleasant in the eyes of the War Secretary ? That
can scarcely be, for General Sherman is resting and
intrenching himself at Atlanta, unable to turn his
victory to account, and all is quiet at St. Petersburg
and Richmond, and stagnant at Mobile. Can it be
the graceful flattery of Mr Seward, comparing him
Carnot, the organiser of victory, that has put Mr
Stanton, into a state of such unwonted beatitude ?
That is not likely, for a man so unpopular and who
despises public opinion so much as he knows how to
estimate at their proper value the praise and blame
of his contemporaries. Of is it pre-eminently the
aspect of the political campaign that shines so
vividly in his imagination, and fills his heart with
such all but unutterable joy ? Most probably. He
and the Administration of which he is the prop and
ornament have reason to rejoice. The entente cor-
diale of the war and the peace sections has come to
an abrupt termination. Atlanta and Mobile have
roused the drooping spirits of " Tammany," and
stimulated the war fever to such an extent, that
Gen. M'Clellan has been emboldened to accept the
Chicago nomination without accepting the prin-

ciples embodied in the " platform ;" and thus
it has come to pass that the Democratic canddate
has broken up the Democratic party. The peace
men are indignant that General M'Ciellan, in
whom they never had more than a half confidence,
should have dared to place his private and per-
sonal opinion above that of the assembled Demo-
cracy, and call for a new Convention and a new
candidate. Under such promising circumstances as
these Mr Stanton and all who desire the re.elee.
tion of Mr Lincoln may well rejoice. The Republi-
cans are in ecstasies. They see before them a
bright future of power and plunder. For them the
foreign embassies, for them the brigadier general-
ships, for them the rich contracts for the supply of
mules and horses, hay and straw, beef and whisky,
shoddy coats and pantaloons, head coverings and
foot coverings, and all that goes to the subsistence
of an army and the comfort or discomfort of the
soldier. For their opponents there is nothing but
the cold shade of opposition, the privilege to grum-
ble, and the hungering after place, profit, and emolu-
ment that shall never reward them as long as Lin-
t coin is President, or as any man of Republican poli-

tics shall reign is his stead. On Saturday morning,
after a day's reflection, the New York Daily News,
the able, consistent, and fearless advocate of peace
and of all the principles on which the Union of the
States was founded, and on which alone its perpe-
tuation is possible, declared formally against
M'Clellan, and received the cordial adhesion of that
section cf the party with whom it acts, and on whose
behalf it speaks. Mr Vallandigham, who was about
to stump the West (i.e., proceed thither on a politi-

cal and oratorical tour to support the nominee of
Chicago), and who had already left home for the
purpose, was no sooner made aware of the terms of
Gen. M'Clellan's acceptance than ho washed his
hands of him and declined to speak another word
in his behalf. Mr Pendleton, the nominee for the
Vice-Presidency, is expected to declare himself in a
manner quite as unwelcome to the War Democrats
as Gen, M'Clellan's letter has been to the friends of
peace, and further complications may be hourly ex-
pected. What the result may be it is impossible to
foreshadow, but the present indications are that it
is hopeless for the peace party to go in quest of, or
at all eyelets to find, a candidate of sufficient note,
influence, and popularity to stand on their platform
—that Gen. M'Clellan without their votes will be
defeated, and either with or without the formal
withdrawal of Gen. Fremont, that Mr Lincoln will
be re-elected.

The War Democrats are exceedingly' sorry at
what they call the " bolt" and the defection of Mr
Benjamin Wood and the party who think liberty
preferable to union; but they are divided in opinion
as to the importance of the movement. One section
affects to consider it an advantage to the Democratic
party to be rid of such allies, while another pro•
claims that Mr Lincoln's greenbacks are at the bot-
tom of the whole business, and that Mr Fernando

Wood and his brother Benjamin have been acting
all along in Mr Lincoln's interest. But this tale,
though it suits party malignity to invent and set it
afloat, deceives no one who does not wish to be de-
ceived, least of all any one who has watched the
growth and development of the peace party, or who
knows its affiliations and ramifications not only in
New York, but in all other parts of the country.
The 'War Democrats as well as the Republicans are
just now rampant. The chill of despondency has
been replaced by the fever of excitement, conse-
quent upon victory; bat a reverse to the Federal
arms at Atlanta or Petersburg, or the valley of the
Shenandoah, will cool their blood again, and in•
cline some of them to the pleasant paths they too
hastily abandoned. A peace candidate, though at
at present easier to discover than to elect, might
chance to be elected at the eleventh hour if the
fortune of war were to go strongly against_ the
North during the next four or five weeks,
Yesterday Wall•street was full of rumours of ill.
fortune. It was said that Grant had been driven
with heavy slaughter from his position on the
'Weldon Railroad, and that General Sherman was
closely beleaguered in Atlanta with provisions but
for seven days, and that all his communicationshad
been cut off. These statements had fora
short
time the effect of sending up the price of gold,
which had fallen rapidly during the week, under
the iefluence of the hopeful turn which the public
mind had taken, but as they were not based on
authority that any one could trace they ob.
tamed but partial credence, and speedily gave
way to reports of a more cheerful character—in-
vented by the speculators for a fall. 01 these the
most prominent was a pat.itive statement that Ad-
miral Farragut, acting in successful conjunction
with General Gordon Granger, has taken possessio
of Mobile ; and that the Federal fleet, relieved from
further duty in that quarter, had been ordered to
Wilmington. The story was as baseless as its com-
petitor, hut it operated to send gold down to 214,
anol to keep it in that neigbh3urhood for about an
hour. Ultimately rumours of- evil again attained
the 115eendancy and the price went
been a
up to 221
which it closed. To.de.y there has 3furtherat
rise to 2274 —though thero has nothing
ft uet u in
_
the army or other news to account
b forcen the

tion.
But military and political reasons alone have not
caused the decline of the week. Gold is not in as
much demand as it was two months ago. The im.
porters of foreign goods are not only diznini3hing
or countermanding their orders, but have for a con.

siderable time been re-exporting their bonded stocks
to Europe. There is consequently no great compe-
tition for gold tepay the Customs duties, and, in
fact, there is a slighter need of gold than at any
previous time during the war. The most urgent
buyer in the market is the Secretary of the Trea-
sury, who must have coin for the payment of inte-
rest, or else break faith with the public creditor;
so that even if the prospects of war should improve
and the military situation become as bright in corn.
mercial and financial eyes as the political situation
is in those of Mr Stanton, it is not probable that
gold will reach a much lower point than 200.
A recently published letter from Mr Blair, the
Nestor of the party in power, the trusted adviser of
Mr Lincoln, and one who is supposed to have
greater influence over his mind than any person or
combination of persons in the country, shows that,
in anticipation of hostile action on the part of the
Governments of Great Britain and France, it was
deemed prudent two years ago to encourage the
most cordial relations with Russia. Mr Blair does
not stand alone in his admiration for the Czar, and,
in his belief, if the Federal Government requires an
ally in Europe, the best, if not the only possibly
ally is Russia. The press on every available occa-
sion panders to this feeling, and when in the autumn
of 1863 a Russian fleet vtsited this port, all classes
of the people united in giving the admiral and offi-
cers, and even the sailors, a magnificent reception,
such as was never before accorded to the maritime
or military representatives of any other nation. The
Russians were at a loss to account for their enor•

moos popularity, though the reasons were patent
enough to everybody else. Russia was then, and is
now, declared to be the only real friend that the
Federal Union has in Europe, with the exception
of Switzerland, which is but a poor relation, to,)
powerless and insignificant to be highly valued. It
is inculcated on the popular mind that the two
dominant Powers of the future are to be Russia in
the Old World and Federal America in the New,
and that an alliance between them—firm. stable,
and cordial—will reduce all other kingdoms, States,
and empires to the inferior position befitting their
size and decrepitude. And certainly there is not
only sympathy between the Americans and the
Russians in their lust of dominion, but a very con-
siderable similarity in the principles of action which
are avowed by their respective Governments. The
Czar emancipates the serfs, but exterminates with
relentless cruelty the rebellious Poles who desire
to govern themselves after their own fashion.
Mr Lincoln, in like manner, emancipates negro
slaves, and strives to exterminate the Southern
people for the unpardonable offence of dis-
solving their political connexion with a popula-
tion whom they both hate and despise. The
atrocities committed by the Czar in Poland have
❑ot only found hosts of admirers and apologists in
America, bat the country has produced scores of
Brigadier and Major-Generals, such as Butler,
Schenck, Milroy, Burnside, and others—to carry
out a policy of vengeance. The Czar never em-
ployed more ruthless, unscrupulous, and brutal in-
struments than these four. Maryland long suffered,
Louisiana still groans under the lash ; but the real
Poland of America this moment is to be sought in
Kentucky, where a man has been placed in military
command who combines the worst qualities of all
previous tyrants of this kind, and vide new ones
peculiarly his own. General Mouravieff has found
his equal in Brigadier-General Paine, who ru!es
over the Western District of that sorely afflicted
State. It is not often that publicity is given to the
doings of this ferocious despot. The Kentucky
editors dare not record his cruelty, lest they should
be tried by drum-head court-martial, made to dig
their own graves, and shot on the edge of them;
and the exiles who fly from persecution are
scarcely believed when they arrive at a more peace-
able section of the Union, if they tell the tale of
their wrongs. But a friendly pen has been found

o record the services of General Paine, and to hold
,hem up to the approval of the Federal Government
and the admiration of the world. A correspondent
of the Chicago Tribune, writing from Paducah,
under date of the let of September, narrates with
the utmost simplicity and good faith, and as if
General Paine were the greatest and best man in
the world, a story that is enough to concentrate on
the head of its hero the detestation of everybody but
the hangman. On assuming command in July last,
he is reported to have addressed a deputation of
leading citizens, whom he suspected or knew to be
opposed to the war waged by Mr. Lincoln against the
South, in the following among other terms—" You
disloyal, rebellious people," he said, "you shall not
circulate one dollar of capital in all this land. Not a
dollar, no debt or bill of exchange, shall be paid or
made without my signature. I pledge you my word
I will not approve of any commercial transactions
made by a disloyal man. . . . Ad your capital, all
your money, every cent of it, shall be placed at the
disposal of the Government. I will teach you that
having encouraged this rebellion you must—aye,
and you shall, reap the reward of traitors. . . Talk
to me about your rights! Why, you have no rights
to talk about, Loyal men are the only people who
have rights at this time. . . . Talk to me of giving
you a banking privilege ! Great God I the Devil
might as well ask the Almighty for a front seat in
Heaven. . . , In your prosperity:you despised this
groat and good Government. You shall have the
privilege to love it in your adversity. And more than
that, you shall fight for it. You are able-bodied men,
but think yourselves too good to fight. We shall see
about that. . . You keep harping about your rights
—that miserable, insane idea. . . My second com-
mandment to you that all of you notorious rebels
get out of your houses and leave my district, so that
Union men may come and take your places, and help
me to redeem this country. . . . I shall shoot every
guerilla taken in my district ; and if your Southern
brethren retaliate by shooting a Federal soldier, I
will walk out five of you rich bankers, brokers,
and cotton men, and make you kneel down, and
shoot you. I will do it, so help me God ! . . If
a Union man is murdered by guerillas here, the
same fate awaits five of you. I have sworn it, and
it shall be done. . • lam going to manage this
district so that when I am- done with it the men
and women who remain can come together, in
the name of the Lord, and say 'We be-
long to the United States.' " Gen. Paine, whose
speech, which I herewith enclose to you in
extenso, might afford many more such furious ex.
cerpts, has been as good as his word. In a General
Order, No. 6, dated :he 23d of July, he prohibited
all persons occupying lands, houses, barns, buildings,
&c., from paying any rent to any landlords and
owners who were not " unswerving, unconditional,
and undeviating Union persons;" and in General
Order No. 7, issued three days afterwards, he pro-
hibited all banks from paying out money, honouring
checks, or making transfers, unless by his own
special permission and signature. How many men
he has caused to be shot the appreciative historian
neglects to tell; but how many he has banished
from their homes—men, women, and children—may
be estimated within a fraction by any one who will
take the last census of the western half of Kentucky,
and count the number of bankers, landowners,
lawyers, physicians, manufacturers, and merchants,
and everybody above the condition of an Irish
teamster or day labourer. A deduction of about 25
per cent. from that number will leave the balance
sought. Kentucky belongs to the military, to the
negroes, and a small minority of poor and unin-
fiuential white men who are not of importance enough
to be persecuted. And such as Kentucky now is
the whole South will be if the people who appointed
General Paine to command shall be able to carry
out their favourite idea of Southern subjugation.

- -
CLASSICAL WIT.—Dr. Maginn dining with a
friend on ham and chicken, addressed Sukey Boyle,
his friend's housekeeper, thus.—" You know, Boyle, what
old Ovid in his • Art of Lovo' (book says; I give you
the same wish :

" • Semper tibi poulsat bonus,'
May you always have a ham hanging in your kitchen."
The doctor insisted that tea was well known to the Romans,
for, said he, " even in the time of Plautus it was a favou-
rite beverage with the ladies—
"' Amant to omnes mulieres.' "
—Miles aim, Act i., so i., v. 58. Observing Sake), Boyle,
he said to his friend, "Ah I John, I see you folloW the old
advice we both learned at school, xaptCov ril `Pvxii
' Indulge yourself with Sukoy.' " There was some hock at
dinner, which he thus eulogised

" Hoc turn FCCVag paulatim mitigat iras,
Hoc minuit luctus nacegtaque encla "
.Trist, lib, iv,, el vi., v. 115, 16.