The Sun.
London, England, 1864-06-06 00:00:00

DENMARK AND GERMANY,

(From the Times' Special Correspondent lately at the
Danish Headquarters.)
COPENHAGEN, 1 une 1.
The Austro-Prussians are coming down by de-
grees from the lofty, overbearing attitude they had
assumed in the invaded province of Jutland, and it
is to be hoped that the stable will be shut when the
steed is stolen, and all the conditions of the armis-
tice will be observed on their part just as the sus-
pension of hostilities is about to terminate and its
terms to be annulled on the 10th inst. The seques-
trations which had been laid on private property
after the 12th of last month have all been raised;
not so those that had been effected at an earlier date.
Many of the merchants' stores and warehouses
which had been struck by this arbitrary measure
are still locked up and sealed, to the utter interrup-
tion of trade, and the impending bankruptcy of the
owners. The goods thus seized are chiefly dry
goods and woollen manufactures.
The Inspector of the Castom-house at Aarhuus,
who, as I informed you in one of my foregoing
letters, had been arrested for having, in the dis-
charge of his office, raised the duties on some goods
imported across the frontier by the Prussian army
contractors, was kept in darance for ten days. The
Prussian General Vogel von Falkenstein, chief of
Marshal Wrangel'a staff, had condemned him to
three days' " imprisonment on bread and water."
The Inspector, an old man, past 65 years of age,
submitted to this punishment rather than refand the
duty without an express order of the higher autho-
rities ; but, upon the matter being referred to the
Danish Royal Commissioner, he, out of considera-
tion for the old man's infirmities, sanctioned the
repayment of the duty. The Inspector was thus
set at liberty, after 20 hours' experience of his
Pythagorean diet i and General Falkenstein thus
obtained the most ample satisfaction he fancied
himself entitled to.
Other arrests have been made in the districts of
Aalborg. You are aware that the invaders from
the beginning deemed themselves entitled to take
the telegraphic establishment into their hands ; and
in some localities they removed the wires and all
other apparatus. Since they undertook the man-
agement of that branch of administration some of
the wires have been cut, and this seems to have been
the case in a village near Aalborg. It is not said
whether the inhabitants of the neighbourhood, or
the soldiers themselves, were the perpetrators of the
outrage ; but Marshal Wrangel had placed the wires
under the care and responsibility of the respective
municipal authorities, and in the event of the wires
being damaged, he threatened to apply to the lat-
ter all the rigours of martial law. Upon the strength
of that order the Sognevoged (or parish magistrate)
of the village in question was summoned to Aalborg,
and thrown into gaol, till such time as he could
point out the unknown offender. Two of the towns-
people (a butcher and a tailor) have also been
arrested on no alleged ground; probably as suspected
of complicity in the deed. These may seem com-
paratively trifling matters, but they show, on the
part of the Prussian military authorities, a determi-
nation to overstep the limits of the power assigned
to them by the terms of the armistice, as if in
contempt or the Plenipotentiaries who drew up that
improvident convention. Be it borne in mind that
the Jutlanders complain but little, if at all, of the
behaviour of the common soldiers quartered among
them. Both Prussians and Austrians, but more
especially the latter, show themselves well disci-
plined, highly civilised beings. 11l usage is, in this
case, the deliberate act of the superior officers, who,
probably, only follow up the instructions received
from their Government. The fact is, the Prussians
can hardly realise the stunning fact that their troops
have, after half a century of inglorious leisure, at
last achieved a victory (and what a victory !), and
they take a certain pleasure, and gratify a miserable
pride, in aggravating their yoke and riding rough-
shod over they defenceless Jutlanders. The latter
keep up a bold countenance, and, it cannot be
denied, contrive to put the patience of their hated
invaders to the severest test. It is a war between
the gadfly and the lion, a contest in which the
latter loses as much of his dignity as the former
exposes himself to rebuke and chastisement.
The demeanour of the Jutlanders under such
trying circumstances doubtless entitles them to take
rank among the most stiff-necked, no less than
most loyal, subjects of the Danish Crown. We read
daily in the papers here addresses from the muni-
cipal corporationa, and from popular meetings of
the various towns and communities of the Penin-
sula, urging the -King's Government to stand fast
npoa the rights of the common Fatherland, and
to run all the risks of a new outbreak of hostilities,
rather than consent to the dismemberment of the
Monarchy, declaring that, for its own part, Jutland
is ready to put up with all the hardships of pro-
longed occupation, and to undergo twenty times
the sacrifices it his already been made to bear.
The Jutlanders are, like eels, getting used to being
skinned, and they flatter themselves that the in-
vaders have seized upon all that was worth taking,
and that they have henceforth but little to fear
from further spoliation. In the meanwhile the
news from London has thrown not a little dismay
and gloom among the people of Copenhagen. It
can hardly be believed here that the proposed aban-
donment of the Treaties of 1852, and the scheme for
a partition of Schleswig, could have been sponta-
neously mooted in the Conference by the plenipoten-
tiaries of the neutral Powers, England and France.
The Danes were aware that they had to contend
against irresistible forces, and, if left to themselves,
they knew that they mast make up their minds to
a partial or total ruin, Bat they hardly expected
that the dismemberment of their monarchy suculd
be made the theme of cool deliberation in a council
of diplomatists, most of I
w (sae were parties to the
late political arrangements, and all of whom have a
Titrl interest in the preservation of
European
order. The police called upon to the protection
of a peaceful citizen, when he is fallen upon by
thieves, and in the act of being plunderer], do
not
certainly attempt to compromise matters by allow-
ing the trespassers to walk away with any part of
the spoil. It is not at the cloee of a period of
wars and revolutions, the Danes say, that the
downfall of their nation, even from the third rank
it occupied, is resolved upon. There are epochs
of political storms, when the frail bark of the
Balance of Powers must be got into port on any
terms, when as much of its rigging and cargo must
go overboard as the safety of the craft requires.
Hard terms were laid upon Denmark, as on other
minor States,
at the time of the hurried Peace of
1814,:and to these this country submitted,ltacknowe
lodging the law of necessity. Again there are
changes which are only the ratification of some
former error, wrongs to be repaired, and recent
combinations to be upset. Stich was the severance
of Belgium from that kingdom of the Netherlands
to whose destinies it had been unwisely associated.
But in the present instance the thunderbolt falls
upon Denmark from a perfectly clear unclouded
sky. This unhappy State is foundering in the
midst of a thorough European calm. A kingdom is
to :be broken up which has stood its ground for
centuries, provinces are to be taken from it, the
poseession of which was secured by long prescrip-
tion, by the faith of repeated agreements. The
scandal to our age is greater than the injury to
Denmark ; the precedent that it establishes more
fatal than any world-wide disaster. That Austria
and Prussia should use u -
liar mtg.t to the eon-
fusion of all right was bad enough; but it is infi-
nitely worse that colossal Powers like Fiance and
England should not only Risk at the most flagrant
abuse of power, but that they should, as it were,
meet the wrong-doers half-wa3;
om, andco suggestvuond with the
basis on which they are ready
iraiqufty. Than is no question here of national
principles or dynastic claims. The aggressors
do not even make a show of standing on such
flimsy pretences. They prefer their demands on
their own good pleasure, simply because they know
that the assailed party cannot resist them, and that
tho mediators are too fain to admit them. Hence.
foeth let no =all State base her hope of existence
on any other ground than the forbearance of the
large ones.

From the first moment that the frontiers of the
Elbe and the Eider were violated, Denmark well
knew that ehe should not conae.off scot free. She

looked forward to heavy losses, and prepared to
resign herself, She would not submit without pro-
test, but she well knew that the weak must go to
the wall. Without allies or protectors she might
well have been suffered to perish. But what hum-
bles and prostrates her—what she can neither com-
prehend nor digest—the unkindest cut of all—is,
that those who have at all times admitted the jus.
tice and sanctity of her cause—those who were, in
a certain measure, bound and pledged to uphold it
should, by a voluntary accord with the spoiler
make, as it were, common cause with him, and
become sharers of his guilt. . _

These are the comments I hear on all sides with
respect to the projected cession of Holstein, Lauen-
berg, and a part of Schleswig, to the German
Powers. Deeper sorrow than I see depicted on the
countenances of all honourable men here—a more
universal sense of humiliation and despondency—l
never at any time witnessed in any country. The
only consolation and hope of the Danes is that the
Conference will turn out to be as impotent as it is
in their opinion undignified and unscrupulous ; that
the drawing of a frontier line across any part
of Schleswig will be found impracticable; that the
Germans will strike for the possession of the whole
of both duchies; while the Danes, for their
own part, would rather cut off their right hand
than sign their name to any treaty which
shou.d assign to them less than the Schlei, the
Dannewerke, the Treene, and the Eider, including
the town of Schleswig, Hollingstedt, Frederick-
stadt, and Tanning—a line that has at least the
advantage of being a natural boundary and a strong
military frontier—a line, too, which would leave
the Germans all they waged war for, the harbour of
Kiel, with both sides of the bay, and the coveted
stronghold of Rendsburg. Had no foreign Power
" meddled and muddled," the Danes think they
could hardly have obtained less honourable terms
even from such enemies as Austria and Prussia.
Although such is the nature of common talk about
me, I doubt not, however, but that the Danish Go-
vernment will assume a far difierent and more con-
ciliatory tone before the Conference and its meeting
to-morrow. I have applied for information at the
Foreign-office here to know what is their conclusion
as to the proposal that was lately referred to them
as well as to the Austrian and Prussian Cabinets.
The answer was that, although their mind is to be
made known within 24 hcrirs, yet they are anxious
that it never should be said that any particulars
connected with the transactions of the Conference
oozed oat through any fault of theirs, and had,
therefore, nothing that they felt authorised to com.
municate.

I am, therefore, at a loss for official intelligence.
The general impression here, however, is that the
Government does not reject the scheme of arrange-
ment proposed by the Great Powers, and it will
accede to the cession of Holstein and Lauenberg,
and the partition of S3hleswig, o❑ general principle,
reserving its further decision as to the line within
which the f!ontier of Denmark is to be withdrawn,

BERLIN, June 3,

The following farewell address has been issued
by Field-Marshal Count Wrangel to the allied
Prusso-Austrian Army :

Head-quarters, Horsens, May 20.
His Majesty the King, my most gracious master, has
deigned to relieve me from the chiet command of the allied
army by ti Cabinet order of the 18th inst., and at the same
time to confer upon me the rank of Count. Until further
notice the chief command is intrusted to his Royal High-
ness Prince Frederick: Charles of Prussia, as the senior
General present at the scene of war, while General von
Herwarth, of the infantry, undertakes the post of Com-
manding-General of the combined army corps.

His Majesty has given me his Royal thanks for the glo-
rious campaign, which has just arrived at a pause, and
summons me to be near his gracious person at Berlin, that
I may not be exposed, at my advanced age, and after
an arduous winter campaign, to the possibility of new
fatigues.

I therefore take leave of you, dear comrades of the allied
army, who have victoriously overcome the enemy in a cam-
paign of several months, and endured the hardships of an
unu!nally severe winter.

The allied army under my leadership has so brilliantly
fulfilled its appointed task, the occupation of the Duchy of
Sehleawig, that hundreds of guns and thousands of prisoners
remain in our hands, and that the enemy is expelled from
the continental portion of his kingdom.

The allied troops, as the worthy representatives of two
great armies, have fought side by side in faithful comrade-
ship with most praiseworthy zeal, and have thus attained an
object, which being gained I am enabled to retire with
satisfaction, highly honoured by the favour of our illus-
trious monarch,

For all this I return the Generals, officers, functionaries,
and soldiers of the allied army my warmest and most heart-
felt thanks. At your head I have passed the pram lest and
happiest days which the favour of Providence has appointed
to my lot.

Farewell, and do not forget your veteran leader, who
will recollect you and your exploits with thankfulness and
pride until the last hour of his life.
VON WRANGEL, Field-Marshal.

Naval and Military Intelligence,

THE NAVY.

A letter from Malta, dated May 31, says :—" Her
Majesty's screw steam transport Tamar, and her
Majesty's screw steam transport Himalaya, left on
the 24th, both for Corfu, to remove the troops thence
on the cession of the lonian Islands to Greece.
Her Majesty's screw steam frigate Galatea, which
arrived from Portland and Gibraltar on the 25th,
and her Majesty's steam sloop Trident, which or.
rived from Serbi on the same day, left both for
Corfu on the 26th. Mr. Richard Reade, promoted
from the Vice-Consulate of Bengazi to be Consul at
Scutari in Albania, went passenger by the Tamar,
and Lieut. Wynne, RE., by the Trident. The
Himalaya will return to Malta about the 4th of
June with the 4th to relieve the 25th Regiment,
which will be conveyed to Canada by the same ves-
sel. Her Majesty's screw steam gunboat Foxhound
arrived from Tunis on the 25th, bringing intelli-
gence that three other large French ships of war
had arrived from Toulon, whence four more were
looked for in addition to the five which have been
some weeks in Tunis Bay, where there were also
six Italian ships of war, three Ottoman, and one
Portuguese, the Royal Oak ironclad steam frigate,
and the Pelican steam corvette, English. The Fox-
hound put to sea on the 31st of May, without mak-
ing known her domination. She is supposed to have
proceeded to Corfu, with despatches for Admiral
Smart, to hand from England, via Marseilles, on the
evening preceding. At a court-martial held on
board her Majesty's ship Hibernia in Malta har-
bour on the 19th of May, Lieut. Hanson, additional
of the troop ship Tamar, was tried for having,
during his watch at sea, on board of said ves-
sel, when carrying
troops in the West Indies,l
been found intoxicated and asleep. The accused
denied the charge,
and attributed the state in
which he was found to debility and illness brought
ownbcyhfatigue in a scorching sum,
and a constitution
severely
shaken by wet when serving in the Burmah
war, but, nevertheless, the
Court declared the
charge proved, and pronounced his sentence of dis-
missal from the service. The movements at Malta of
foreign ships of war consist of the French steamer
Monette, which arrived on the 24th from Tunis,
Athens ;
and left the 25th of May for the Piraeus ofthe eultan'ssteam yacht Feizi Djebat, having on board
Vice-Admiral Rassoum Pascia, which after having
her bottom cleaned, left for the Golden Horn, Con-
stantinople, on the 26th of May; the Italian screw
steam Principe Remberto, which left for Cagliari on
the 26th, and the United States sailing corve;ae
Constellation, which arrived from Tunis on the 28th
of May. An Ottoman line-of-battle ship, under
the command of Captain Arif Bey, accompanied by
two large frigates, passed Malta of the 24th of May,
beating up against a strong westerly wind. We
understand they are from Constantinople, bound to
England to be fitted with steam machiner7."
The screw steamship Norman, Capt. Johns, be-
long to Mr George Langley, of Southampton, char-
tered by the Government to bring military invalids
from Gibraltar direct to Netley Hospital, arrived at
Southampton on Saturday morning. She left Gib-
raltar at 4.30 p.m. on the 28th ult., and had fine
weather on the passage, with fresh to light winds,
principally
from the north-east. The troops on
board comprised Capt. Siree, of the 3d Buffs;
En-
sign T. It. Watson, 23d Royal Welsh Fusikers ;
Dr Murray, Assist-Staff-Surgeon; 85 invalids, 33
rank and file, 18 women, and 34 children. Before
leaving the ship the three officers above named
handed to Cspt. Johns a certificate expressive of

their perfect satisfaction with the accommodation
and all the arrangements made on board the Nor-
man for tha troops, and with the attention and
kindness shown by Cant. Johns and the ship's eons
pang generally.

On Saturday there was launched from Mr Chas.
Langley's Commercial Dock, Rotherhithe, an
Alabama-rigged patent combination ship, classed
A 1 at Lloyd's for fifteen years, belonging to Messrs
Smith, Heming, and Co., merchants end ship
owners, of 18, Leadenhallsstreet. She is of 650 tons
burden, and is intended for the East India and China
trade. She was built from the design and under the
superintendence of Messrs S. H. Harrington and Co.
naval architects, of 27, Leadenhall•street, and in
consequence of the novel mode of construction has
excited much interest. She has been visited by Lord
Clarence Paget, Mr Reed, the chief constructor; and
Admiral Robinson, Comptroller of the Navy. The
result has been that the Admiralty have contracted
with Mr. Langley to build an ironclad vessel of
war on the same principle. They are about to adopt
it in the construction of their new 4,000 tons troop
ships, the estimates for which have already been
passed. The mode of construction is this :—The
frames of the vessels are, in the first place, con-
structed entirely of angle iron of the same weight as
that used in building iron ships of a similar tonnage.
Each frame is then riveted to a horizontal keel, stem
and stern plate broad enough to fasten the garboard
to. A middle lice keel is then riveted between the
upper and lower horizontal keel plates, by means of
angle irons running longitudinally the whole length
of the ship, forming therewith a strong girder of a
similar construction to those used in railway bridges.
The half-floor plates are riveted to the middle line
keelson between doubling clips of angle iron, and
carried up in the usual way to the turn of the bilge,
and the reversed frames are rivited on across the
floor heads and carried up to the stringer plates.
Bull iron beams are then fixed, which makes the
whole frame rigid and ready to receive the planking,
the first coating of which consists wholly of teak,
and is fastened to the frames by galvanising nut and
screw-bolts from keel to gunwale. The wood keel is
also brought on the iron horizontal keel plate, and
fastened/ to it by means of iron screw-bolts from
inside. The garboards are then rabated in and
fastened through the iron keel-plate with galvanised
iron nut and screw bolts. This first skin is nin.
thick, and the seams are fitted close, and double-
fastened to the frames throughout Diagonal steps
of iron by in. are then let in, and on this
skin, crossed in squares of about 6ft., fastened
through frames when they cross, and carried from
keel to gunwale. A suitable composition of chunam
is then used, and the outer skin of 21in. rock
elm brought on to the turn:of the bilge. Thence
upwards 2in. teak is used. Each plank is fitted
to overlap the inner seams (rendering it impossible
for the vessel to leak), and then fastened with yel-
low metal clench bolts to the inner skin, all the
holes being carefully bored free of iron frames or
straps. By this means the planking of the vessels
is tied together vertically as well as longitudinally ;
no copper bolts or metal sheathing are i❑ contact
with iron, and the vessel is felted and sheathed
with copper in the ordinary way. The obvious ad-
vantage of this system is that there are no through
seams, no risk of galvanic action, great longitu-
dinal strength, increased buoyancy, and capacity
over vessels built wholly of iron. As vessels of
war, they will be abe to go to any part of the
world, where there are no facilities for docking—
which is an absolute necessity to our Channel fleet
three or four times in the year. These vessels also
afford a greater security to life in the event of ship-
wreck, as they cannot break up so readily as iron
ships.

To-day and to-morrow the troops of the 18th
Hussars, at present stationed at Norwich, Ipswich,
and Northampton, will leave those towns en route
for India. The barracks of Ipswich will shortly be
occupied by two troops of the 16A1 Lancers, while
the remaining troops of that regiment, with the
headquarters, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel
Dickson, will be stationed in the new cavalry bar.
racks at Colchester. The old system of dividing a
cavalry regiment between Norwich, Ipswich, and
Northampton appears to be abandimed.