The Sun.
London, England, 1863-05-13 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS,

TIMES.—Last night Mr. Roebuck addressed the
House of Commons in very intemperate language
on the removal of two lonian Judges—Sir George
Marcoras and Sir Typaldo Xydras—by the Lord
High Commissioner, in the autumn of last year.
Putting aside Mr. Roebuck's declamation against
the Duke of Newcastle and Sir Henry Storks, the
charge is that, the five years' term of office of these
gentlemen having expired, their appoint ments were
not renewed. From this it is concluded that. an act
of gross tyranny has been perpetrated ; that Sir H.
Storks has governed in the spirit of James 11., and
that the noble principle of the immobility of judges
has been violated to serve a political purpose. We
cannot share the indignation of Mr. Roebuck, or
join in the more temperate complaints of Lord Stan
lay ; and, happily, there is no occasion for any one
in this country to be over-anxious in the matter.
In a few months the Protectorate will, we trust, be
withdrawn. Sir Henry Storks, the last of his order,
will have taken leave of his unruly Deputies and his
rather more courtly Senate; the if ig of Greece will
be raised amid the " Z2tcs" of the crowd, and the
well feigned enthusiasm of the trading classes ; and
we shall have done with the lonians, their aspira-
tions, and their grievances, for ever. If, then, any
deep wrong has been done, and lonian Constitu-
tionalism has suffered at the rude hands of the Lord
High Commissioner, it may soon be remedied. Free
Greece will be able to reinstate Marcoras and
Xydras, or give them a compensation equivalent to
their unmerited losses. It is not often that martyrs
have their reward so close before them. But even
if the Protectorate were to continue, and these gen •
tlemen had no hope of redress except from the con-
demnation of Sir H. Storks' acts by the British
Parliament, we should consider that their advocate
had made out no reason for interference. In the first
place, the House of Commons has no constitutional
right to take up this subject at all. If there were adis-
pute between the Lord High Commissioner and the
lonian Legislature which could not be settled except
by suchinterference—if the interests of the empire or
the honour of the Crown required authoritative ex-
pression of opinion in the British Parliament, then
there would be grounds for remonstrance or advice.
But here there was no kind of collision between the
lonian authorities. The power which took the chief
pai t in substituting new Judges for the old ones was
not Sir Henry Storks, but the lonian Senate, and
the Chamber, full as it is of malcontents, has not
thought fit to make a grievance of the case. In fact,
there was neither legally nor, according to lonian
ideas, constitutionally any wrong committed. These
judicial offices are vacated every five years, and at
the end of this term the Senate makes new appoint-
ments, the former Judges being re-eligible, and, as
a general rule, re-elected. But it is a mistake to
suppose that these functionaries have in any way the
almost sacred character of an English Judge. The
most important point in an English Judge's conduct
is that he should abstain from politics, and if these
eminent persoes were known to mix themselves up
with the party struggles of the day we may be sure
that the reverence felt for them would speedily
diminish, and their irremovability, though estab-
lished by law, would cease to be a part of the con-
stitutional creed of their countrymen. Now, the
Judges of the lonian Islands nave never ceased to be
politicians, and sometimes they have been among the
hottest and busiest of the Republic. In this case it
is expressly stated that the two Judges who were
not reappointed last year were connected with a num-
ber of the most busy politicians in the Islands, and
that they used their influence against the forms of ad-
ministration which Sir H. Storks, in accordance with
the views of the Home Government and the most
able and liberal men in the Islands, was bent upon
establishing. So far from the Protectorate having
taken vengeance upon political enemies, these
gentlemen were supporters of the Protectorate,
and rather favoured the older and less liberal forms
of government which had been formerly in being.
A family clique was in possession of a certain
number of offices, and the people of the Islands
were anxious that some change should be made, and
new blood transfused into the Administration.
Under these circumstances the Senate thought it
right not to re-appoint two gentlemen as Judges
who were among the heads of this obnoxious party.
Sir H. Storks merely acquiesced in the decision of
the body which was legally entitled to decide on
the question. He might have refused to accept the
Senate's act, but in so doing he would have swerved
just as much from the regular constitutional course
as he did in assenting to the substitution of new
for the old Judges. The mistake of those English-
men wt .o would make a grievance of this matter is
that they judge the affairs of a little, restless, and
very factious community by the constitutional
canons which guide this old and settled monarchy.
They may take it for granted that in Corfu or in
Athens no man ever gains any kind of office or
station without using it for political purposes, and
that political purposes signify before everything
else the providing for himself and friends. We
have not the smallest desire to censure these Judges,
or to endorse any charges made against them. It
is sufficient that the constituted authorities—the
Senate and the Lord High Commissioner—thought
it for the benefit of the State that Messrs. Marcoras
and Xydras should not be re-appointed when their
term had expired, and that, so far as we can learn,
there has been no complaint of their decision on the
part of the lonian people. It is the duty of the
British Legislature to refrain from interfering even
in colonial concerns when all parties in the colony
are satisfied ; how much more so, then, should it
avoid the affairs of what has always been theore-
tically an independent State, and which is about
soon to become part of a foreign monarchy.

HERALD.—During the long and animated discus-
sions to which iron ships have given rise the ques-
tion of the power of resisting the shocks of artillery
projectiles is the one that has dominated. The
debate has been almost wholly Platonic—figura-
tively so to speak—a question of vulnerability or
invulnerability by fire, and the forces begotten of
fire. Complacently enough the point was taken
for granted that Neptune could have no possible
objection to accept benignantly the new material
that, moulded into plates and slabs by engineering
science, was to supplement, at least, if not sup-
plant, his time-honoured hearts of oak. The advo-
cates of iron ships reckoned without their host.
Neptune, at the eleventh hour, puts in his appear-
ance, giving iron shipbuilders quietly to understand
that the problem they have in hand is nut quite so
free from difficulties as they fon( ly imagined. An
iron ship having been built and launched, the next
thing is to protect it ; not the protection from shot
and shell, which is a question of mechanical strength,
but from elemental ravages to which iron is liable.
From the first it had been thoroughly foreseen that
the prolonged contact of iron and sea water would
be altogether inadmissible ; that some sort of sur-
face protection would be necessary was a conclusion
taken for granted; and, having regard to the paints,
varnishes, and other materials in profusion at hand,
no anxiety was entertained for the result. It turns
out, however, that whilst every surface covering for
iron ships leaves much to be desired, some actually
intensify the evil they were designed to remedy,
actually setting up a voltaic reaction, under the
effects of which iron disintegrates, falling to powder
or dissolving into a fluid. This is a matter whicb,
_ _

though not; contemplated originally by the ship-
builder, has long been well known to the chemist.
The phenomena of this particular destruction have
long been studied by chemists and reducedto general
laws. Popularly speaking, what takes place may
be reduced to the general expression, that when two
metals come together in presence of a fluid capable
of acting on both separately the whole force of com-
bination is exercised upon the one most amenable
to the influence. Thousands of examples illustra-
tive of this fact readily present themselves, but
the case of an iron rail embedded in a leaden
socket is the one most frequently encountered.
After a certain duration of exposure the iron
thus circumstanced wastes away at the line
where it comes into contact with the lead,
and hr a certain distance surrounding lead,
the explanation being that whereas both iron
and lead are susceptible of atmospheric agencies,
iron is the more susceptible. Whence, to be in ac-
cordance with the law enunciated, it is the iron that
disintegrates wholly, the lead remaining intact. I❑
strict parallelism with this illustrative case it hap-
pens that when an iron plate or slab copper coated
is exposed to sea water it is the iron, not the cop-
per, upon which the chemical agents present in sea
water expend their energy. So long as iron thus
circumstanced is freely exposed to sea water de-
struction continuously proceeds, and a portion of
copper, in bulk dependent upon the exposed surface
of iron, goes on to destruction. This effect being a
law of nature cannot be obviated, so long as the
conditions already laid down are fulfilled. Nothing.
then, is more certain than the utter impossibility of
utilising copper as a sheathing for iron ships, if the
copper be in immediate contact with the iron. What
takes place when red lead is used by way of paint
upon the immerged surface of an iron ship, a letter
published by us on Monday makes evident. The
red lead becomes actually reduced to metallic lead,
the oxygen yielded up in order to bring about this
reduction being given over to the iron. When the
circumstance is borne in mind that for every atom
of red lead thus changed into metallic lead a corres-
ponding atom of metallic iron is converted into iron
rust, some idea of the gravity of chemical action in-
volved will be realised. The whole subject is beset
with difficulties ; thus, in the first place, the deside-
ratum is not to impart a surface covering of abso-

lute indestructibility under the energies practicall
brought to bear ; such a result—even were it possibley
—wou!d not be desirable. Guided by considerations
of the voltaic law just enunciated, Sir H.
DavY
rendered the copper sheathing of ships indestruc-
tible. He accomplished this by affixing to the copper
surface at suitable distances slabs of zinc. It so hat
pens that when copper and zinc are thus brought
immediately into contact and the whole immerged
in sea water, is is then the zinc that wholly dis'
solves, sacrificed—if the expression may be used--•
to ensure the preservation of the copper. The
completeness of this preservative result was Was:
trated by Davy, who soon found the application cl
his discovery checked by an issue his science na,
not foreseen. No sooner was copper rendered
indestructible than it ceased to repel the adhebiela
of barnacles and sea weeds. The normal destroY
lion of coper sheathing of a wooden ship Was
found to ben n a condition indispensable to the sec•
eessful employment of copper sheathing. Of all the
materials ever tried for ship-sheathing porPasesl
wooden ships be it understood—copper has turne
out the most successful. Dissolved gradually 00der
the influence of the various chemical agents preec
in all natural water, but more especially sea water'
it leaves in its wake a poisonous trail, of vc-ltich bar
uncles and other ocean parasites stand in salutary
dread. Were it proper and reasonable to regret the
existence of any natural law, assuredly the 1,1
which decrees that when iron and copper are brcugue
into immediate contact in the presence of water, ill+,
iron shall be destroyed, as a sacrifice offered uP 't
the copper, might provoke an expression of tn.
regret. Were it possible to lay the copper shenthl°tgo
upon some intermediate material not amenable id
the voltaic law enunciated, the desired result Wee
be achieved. More than one project foreffecting t`' 0
is now before the Government, and partially beMs
thepublic. Every person at all interested in shipo
must sincerely desire them success; every perOo
t
who has the durability of our growing iron fleet
heart. After successfully providing against destilic;
tion from impact of shot and shell, by attaching rO,
plates of competent thickness, it would be a lid
yoking issue of all this engineering care and this
were elemental changes slowly operating to sae
boasted strength, converting the ponderous iron e
to a friable mass, devoid of hardness and colierevcw.
POST.—Necessary formalities are now thst,lo,
ter2ose between the Throne of Greece and its
tined occupant. A conference of the represents held
of the three Powers chiefly interested wilt be belr/
within a few days in London, when the neeesstio
protocols will be drawn up if there has been °be,
delay in the assembling of this conference, it 16,0
cause it is usual in diplomatic affairs to cone
general understanding before proceeding direcote
with the matter in hand. It was, for instance' not
jected by Prince Christian that his son cotiog
gracefully or fairly accept the Crown until od
Otho's right had been finally and formally disint is
of. This seemed at first sight almost captious, hu gill
now found that, in order TO proceed correctly, "f the
be right to invite Bavaria to the first meetiniieg
conference, and to request the abdication ei
Otho. There is no doubt that the ex-King'sori6who
will be in the negative, and on this the PowerB ,011
selected him as King of Greece will proceed for 00
to recognise the legality of his deposition frac ip
Throne. Having chosen a King for the areetbr3eir
1832, and having assented to the validity ,
revolution in 1862, the mission of the prellel'
Powers is so far at an end. They look to the todt
lenic nation to select their own monareht.giog
that selection being made in the person ot
George 1., they cannot but approve of the e'elieg
The minor difficulties which presented them for
are now understood to be overruled. It WiTilni
example, stipulated on the part of Greece thawn jo
children of King George should be brought vf.olf
the Greek religion. Prince Christian was l',111; of
willing to assent to this, as their non-profese°„bar
the Lutheran form of Christianity might prove's&
to their possible eventual succession in Detliiltslte
It has been thought, however, undesirable te,epoit
into serious consideration so remote a condUcted O 0
as Russia, for her part, inslenreelci
more especially
the education of the future dynasty in theatre—
faith, and in so doing only followed the dirt.os:
good sense and the certain wishes of the Ore,raew
tion. This point has therefore been concedeu),oo3
in fact, every point on which any serious dine'beeo
could have arisen may be regarded as having
,00,1
adjusted. Some of the details relating t°!'":00
and finance have still to be concluded ; but ill re'
be taken for granted that these questions We oCe
ceive a satisfactory solution. When the conie.'oo to
of London shall have given its formal seoell,t
the arrangement, the Greek deputation hescifhtiale,
penhagen will tender the Crown to Prince clone
in solemn form, and he will be legallY d-ceeroPe'
King of Greece with the countenance of -1-It'evei°
This long-pending negotiation will thus be ;dool:
mated to the general satisfaction. The I°l,i'vitioc`
under its new auspices, with the important 1/"0614,1
of the lonian Islands, may look forward 7„
era of tranquillity and prosperity. Its War" reil'
depend on the Greeks themselves. They hale/5000
capacities and great opportunities. It will re ois°
with the Hellenic nation, now freed from the note
which basso long impeded its Pr°oll3°
to enter upon a career of reform and happin os.iseedo
idle dreams of Byzantine empire must bed isteitieo
and the efforts of every honest and patriotic c f the
must be concentrated upon the developuietit,,°oBll,
resources of his country, which are arnPle
to ensure not only individual wealth, but to P" f
the
amply for the permanent credit and solveeci °
State.

COUNTRY MARKETS.

-

LIVERPOOL—TUESDAY.
f dice `a
At our market to-day there was a fair 51-e.intiosif r
millers and dealers, but they acted with great 05dQ05 ed,
only a small retail business was done in wheat ail legit
about Friday's prices. Indian corn was quite
Oats and oatmeal as before.

Af'
MARKET HARBOROUGH—TUEsPr 36 s
White wheat, 46s to 50s ; red, 42s to 45s Pe 30$ t°o
Malting barley at 37s to 41s per qr. ; grinding, 05 r
per 30 st. Oats, old, 265, to 288; new,; 20s,t°
at. ; beans, 34s tt, 43s per qr.

SHEFFIELD—TUESDAY. vioderil';
At to -day's market the show of wheat was ,Ov
and sales were made at about last week's rates• d t 01063
Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bushels 15' ° oi'OO
N"eThiwtrewedhite
~ : :2ll.Bo7sss
00° adi
ttt001,9:000031
79 7
NBee awn I '
110
~ • . • os ou .0 x6O
_,
77 11
. 45s Od t'sve (01
Peas,gper qr 285 rid t°
PO
Grinding barley, per qr to
34800 - P
Malting ditto, ), 2ls od"
Oats 77
Flour, Is 7d to 2s 2d per stone.
A

There has been aLEEDS—TUESDAY fair business done in wheat' til 9
late prices. Other articles were unchanged.
Averages for the week : 50
Wheat — qrs., at 47is sa
Rye .. —
8ar1ey......... --
Peas
........ :,
Oats . 02, ,
4,,,s 0
Beans — ........ lu

five
a offer, with an ittliCA Deooi.
Barley scarce• . opt
. fair 0 v
't supply, With ft t
I Old red wheat, .• •4y tOO .00t)
New do. • ' t,
Oats, .......... •370 tv
I Beans ......•'
• '
Atfl

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SOCIETY
(Limited).
'l'o be Incorporated under "The Companies Act, 1812," by
which the 'liability of each shareholder is limited to the
amount of his shares.
Capital, £3,000,00, in 150,000 shares, of £2O each. Payment
on al otment, £2 10s. per shares. Further calls will be
made as r.'quired The capital has been subscribed, with
the exception of 40.0(0 shares, which have been reserved for
allo mcnt to the public.

. -
DIRECTORS.
Robert Benson, Esq. (Messrs. Robert Benson and CO
Bonamy Dobree, jun., Esq. (Messrs. Samuel Dobree and Sons).
John Frederick Flemmich, Esq. (Messrs. Frederick Huth
and Co.)
Robert A. Heath, Esq. (Messrs. Heath and Co.)
.T S. Morgan, Esq. (Messrs. G, orge Peabody and CO
W. E, Quentell, Esq. (Messrs. Fruhling and Goschen).
Herman Stern, Esq. (Messrs. Stern Brothers.)

- .
BANKERS.---
Messrs. Glyn, Mills, and Co.
SO LICITORS.
Messrs. Bircham, Dalrymple, Drake, and Ward, 43, Parlia-
ment-street.
Messrs. Crowder, Maynard, Son, and Lawford, 57, Coleman-
street.
Temporary Offices-1, Copthall-chambers, Ang 1-court.
The object of this ,ociety is to assist and take part in
financial and industrial undertakings, especially foreign
loans and enterprises possessing Government guarantees.
With the view of securing a wide field for the operations
of the Society, and in order to its acquiring an international
Character, an understanding has been come to, and mutual
relations established with the undermentiod Foreign Com-
panies, Bankers, and Capitalists, with reference to important
financial undertakings and operations entered upon in this
country and abroad :
ociet6 Generale de Credit Mobilier. Paris.
if II It 1, Espagnol.
italien.
,•
Societ6 Generale de Commerce et Industrie, It Amsterdam.
MM. Hottinguer and Co., Paris.
„ Fould and Co., Paris.
„ Pillett, Will, and Co., Pants.
„ Mallet, Freres, and Co.. Paris.
„ Marchand, Andr6, and Co., Paris.
A. I. Stern and Co., Paris.
M. de Abaroa y Urribarren.
F A. Seilliere.
M. le Due de Galliera, Paris.
MM. M. E. and J. Pereire, Paris.
Le Baron Renouard de Bussiere (Directeur de la Monnaie),
Paris.
M. Hyppte. Biesta (Directeur du Comptoir d'Eacompte),
Paris.
The financial and industrial relations of this country, not
only with the iontinent tf Europe, but with all parts of the
world, have increased so largely during the last few years,
that corresponding financial facilities have become indispen-
sable. There is scarcely any undertaking of foreign origin
that does not seek the English market. Governments re-
quiring loans, contractors of public works fruarenteed by the
State, concessionaires desiring to give effect to the privileges
they have obtained—all apply, directly or indirectly, to Eng-
land for financial support ; and in all these cases the opera-
tions of the Society can be advantageously exercised.
• Tue operations of the Society will not include ordinary
Banking or Mercantile business.
' Prospectuses and Forms of Applications for Shares may
be obtained on application to the Interim Secretary, at the
Temporary offices of the Society.
No application will be received after Thursday, May 14, at
12 noon.

THE DARTFORD CREEK PAPER-MILL
COMPANY (Limited).
Capital £150,000, in 15,000 shares of £lO each, of which £9 per

shire will be called up.

Deposit £1 on Application, and £2 on Allotment.
Calls not to exceed £3, at intervals of not less than three
months.

To be Registered under the Companies Act, IBC2, whereby
each subscriber's liability is strictly limited to the amount of
his subscriptions.

DIRECTORS.
Sir John C. Dalrymple Hay, Bart, M.P., Chairman, 44, St.
James's-place, St. James's-square, S.W.
Thomas Braseey, Esq., 56, Lowndes-square, W.
William Hope, Esq., 14, Park-lane, W.
John Horatio Lloyd, Esq., I, King's Bench-walk, Temple,
E.C.
lion. Wm. Napier, 54, Green-street. Grosvenor-square, W.
John Foiliott Powell, Esq., 7, Albion-place, Hyde Park-
square, W.

BRORS.
Messrs. Joshua HutchinsonKE
and Son. 15, Angel.oourt,
Throgmorton-street, E.C.
BANKERS.
Messrs. Spooner, Attwoods, and Co , 27, Gracechurch-
stre et, E.C.
SOLICITORS.
Messrs. West and Ring, 3, Charlotte-place, Mansion-
house, E.C.
Offices-2, Old Palace-yard, Westminster, SW.

-• • -
•
1. The object of this enterprise is to take advantage of the
impulse given to the Manufacture of Paper by the repeal of
the Excise Duties, under ciroumstances peculiarly favourable,
the materials being obtained by a patent process in full ope-
ration, at prices very highly remunerative, as compared with
the cost of similar products in the oven market.
2. It is well known that very large fortunes have been
realised in this trade, and the removal of a Tax which
amounted to £2O to £?5 per cent. upon the value of first-class
News and Printing* Papers, at a time when there is a con-
stantly increAsing demand for the supply of Books, Periodi-
cals, Newspapers, and Writing Papers, ensures a large and
very remunerative business to a manufactory situated close
to the metropolis, erected on the most scientific plans, with
the greatest regard to economy of production by the saving
of labour and the introduc ion of machinery of the most per-
fect description.
3. Under the powers of the Limited Liability Act of 1862,
it is proposed to purchase at their actual cost, the under-
takiags of the Ettrick Forest Paper Mill Company and the
Ulmate of Ammonia Company, and to carry them on under
the title of the Dartford Creek Paper Mill Company.
4. fhe works of the Ulmate of Ammonia Company were
established in 1860, on toe Thames, at Grays, in Essex, for
the purpose of working Ward's Patents for obtaining paper-
making materials from rags of mixed fabrics, and a valuable
manure powder from the res due. The patent process has
proved, mechanically and commercially, completely success-
ful, and working by day only, the machinery produces 25 tons
of paper-making material per we k, and about the same
quantity of powder, containing about 15 per cent, of soluble
nitrogen. estimated as ammonia, closely approaching in rich-
ness to the best qualities of Peruvian guano.
5. In 1862, a large mill for ma:iufacturing into pap the
fibrous products of the werks at Grays, in mixture wither other
materials, was erected on the Dartford Creek, by the well-
known engineering firm, Messrs. Easton, Amos, and Sons,
with every recognised practical improvement in construction
and machinery. Driven by steam power, abundantly supplied
with the purest water from an Artesian well, with coal and
materials by water carriage, and cheap transport for the
paper by rail to London, the power and economy of produo-
tion have proved highly advantageous as compared with
mills located, as the great majority still are, on country
streams, on which they are more or less dependent for mo-
tive power and for water for working purposes.
6. The present turn out of the Paper Mill is 16 tons of news
and print ng papers per week made to order, and the works
were built so as to admit of the doubing of the production,
at an outlay very largely below the cost of the original under-
taking.
7. The capital in actual cost and working
funds of the Ulmate of Ammonia Com-
pany, is
£4380:0n0000
00
00
The cost of the Paper Mill is ........
The estimated cost of the proposed exten-
sion, including increased cottage accom-
modation and contingencies 30,000 0 0

Total £117,000 0 0
Add for increase of working cap tal

Total
8. To carry out the intended purchase, to double the scale
of the Paper Mill, to utilise to the fulle,t extent the produc-
tive power of the works at Grays, and to provide the necessary
working funds, it is proposed to raise a capital of £150,000, in
shares of £lO each, of which £15,000 will remain uncalled as
a fund of credit, deemed highly desirable for the safe and
profitable working of a Limited Company.
9. After providing for every contingency, the net profits
calculated upon the present working and receipts, as applied
to the enlarged production, viz., 32 to 36 tons of paper, and
25 to 30 tons of manure powder, per week, will be from £20,c00
to £25,000 per annum, according to the condition of the mar-
kets, giving a dividend of from 15 to 20 per cent., with pros-
pects of considerable increase upon favourable byedevelomnts
of general trade, which it is well known is depressed the
state of affairs in America, and other disturbing causes.
A very large share of the capital has already been sub-
scribed by the present owners of the properties.
Prospectuses and forms of application for shares may be
obtamed from the Bankers, Brokers, Solicitors, or at the
Offices of the Company.
Applications for shares must be made in the form annexed
to the prospectus, accompanied by the deposit of £1 per share.
If no allotment be made the deposit will be returned in full ;
and if a less number be allotted than is applied for, the sur-
plus will be used towards the payment on allotment.
FORM OF APPLICATION FOR SHARES.
To the Directors of the Dartford Creek Paper Mill Company
(Limited).
Gentlemen,—having 'paid to your Bankers the sum of
, I request that you will allot to me shares of £lO
each in the Dartford Creek Paper Mill Company (Limited).
These or any less; number which may be allotted to me I
hereby agree to accept. pursuant to the Articles of Associa-
tion, and to pay the remainder of the deposit and the calls
thereon when required so to do, and I request you to place
my name on the Register of Shareholders for the shares so
al totted.

Name in full ............
Address
Profession
Date
Signature..
N.B.—This form, when filled up and signed, to be left with
the Bankers on payment of the deposit.