The Sun.
London, England, 1852-03-19 00:00:00

ITALY.

A letter from Florence of the 10th, in the Opinione
of Turin, states that the Austrian troops in that
country are about to be diminished by 2,000 men.
A letter from Rome of the 4th, in the Augs-
burg Gazette, says that Dr. Fosseli, a physi-
cian, who is settled at Paris, but has been some
time at Rome, had been arrested, but set at
liberty again in a few drys after. The cause was
said to be, his having been found in possession of a
slip of paper, containing a passage from Proudhon's
last work upon French affairs, which slip had been
given him but a few minutes before by a person who
had entered into conversation with him while enjoy-
ing, from a balcony on the Corso, the spectacle of the
Carnival.

THE POWDER MAGIIIVE in HYDE-PARK.
A correspondent of the Builder says—As your publi-
cation presents several matters ofinterest to ladies, and
proposes a folio or part of a sheet for them, it occurs to
me to say that many of our sex living even more remote
from the dread mine of danger called the powder magazine
in Hyde-park, may, at moments of nervous excitement,
feel as poignantly the terrors of a dreadful explosion as
myself, who am but 300 paces distant from the fulmi-
nating deposit. In the American explosion at Boston, it
is said that only 150 barrels of gunpowder caused an
eruption like Hecla. It awes me to reflect whether
there be not ten times that quantity sleeping in the mine,
under the guard of two sentinels, at the corner of Ken-
sington-gardens, 500 paces from the Crystal Palace. If
in America 150 barrels spread devastation three miles,
how awful is it to contemplate the ruin effected by such
a calamity in a population compacted within that radius
fora such a centre! Hyde-park-gardens, and the con-
comitant squares—Grosvenor, Belgravia, Mayfair, and
even Kensington, with her palace—are there no nervous
spirits amongst you to sympathise with me in quailing
under so dread a prognostic? Liverpool, with calcu-
lating precaution for the soul of commerce (her teeming
stores, warehouses, and ships), has devised and insisted
on the removal of powder-magazines from her precincts.

DISTRESSING ACCIDENT TO A
GRENADIER GUARD.
A melancholy accident occurred shortly after mid-
night on Tuesday to Frederick Parkes, of the Ist Gre-
nadier Guards, stationed at St. John's-wood Barracks.
It appears that Mr. Howel Morgan, a member of the
Royal College of Surgeons, and lately connected with
University College Hospital, was passing along Baker-
street, Portman-square, a little after twelve o'clock on
Tuesday night, when his attention was attracted by a
gentleman's carriage, which was approaching him at a
furious rate. As the carriage passed him he turned for
a moment or two to watch its progress, and then pro-
ceeded on his way. He had not advanced many steps
before he saw a man lying in the middle of the road,
and on approaching him found that he had been run
over by the carriage which had just passed, and was
perfectly insensible. Mr. Morgan removed him on to
pavement, and on examining him found that he was
suffering from a dislocation of the foot, that his leg was
fractured in two places, and that he had received other
serious injuries. Mr. Morgan reduced the dislocation,
and immediately afterwards removed the poor fellow to
University College Hospital, where, in conjunction with
Mr. Turle, the house surgeon, he proceeded with the
necessary treatment. When Parkes regained his con-
sciousness he requested Mr. Morgan to acquaint Cap-
tain Ellison, of the regiment to which he belonged, with
the circumstances, as he had been by permission to
Astley's Theatre, and was to be at the barracks by one
o'clock. With this request Mr. Morgan at once com-
plied, and added that the unfortunate man was perfectly
sober at the time the accident happened. Had it not
been for Mr. Morgan's humane interposition, Parkes
might have remained in the road, as the night was ♦ery
cloudy, and other vehicles might have passed over him.
Ho remains at present at University College, where he
has received every attention from Mr. Erichsen, and the
other medical gentlemen connected with the institution,
but there appears some doubts whether he will ever
again bs fit for active service.

MORTALITY in the METROPOLIS.
NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES REGISTERED IN
THE WEEK ENDING SATUDAY, MARCH 13, 1552.
Epidemic, Endemic, and Contlgious Diseases ...*197
Diseases of Uncertain Seat ... ... 63
Tubercular Diseases ... ... 237
Diseases of the Brain, Nerves, and Senses... ... 129
Diseases of the Heart and Blcod-vessels ... 59
Diseases of the Lungs, and other Organs of
Respiration ... ... 251
Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs
of • ••
Digestion...
... 61

Disease; of the Kidneys, &c. ... 14
Childbirth, Diseases of the Uterus, &c. ... ••• 5
Diseases of the Joints, Bones, and Muscles ... 6
Diseases of the Skin, &c. . ... .•... ... 1
Malformations... ...
Premature Birth ... ... •• ••• ••• 26
Atrophy ... 21
Old Age ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• 58
Sudden ... ... ... ... 14
Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance ... 83
Causes not specified ... ... ... ... ... 5

DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES ...

1,232

Population Deaths in corre- Deaths
Enumerated, sponding week in the
1851. of 1851. Week.
West District a... 376,427 .. 220 ... 222
North Districts.. 490,396 .. 293 ... 222
Central Districts 393,256 ... 251 ... 237
East Districts.... 485,522 ... 281 ... 255
South Districts.. 616,635 ... 356 ... 296

T0ta15......,... 2,362,236 ... 1,401 1,232
Males 636
Females 596

BIRTHS IN THE WEEK.

Males
Females

••• ••• 841
••• ••• 806

Total ...1,647
*ln this number are included 18 by Scarlatina, 47
by Typhus Fever, 11 by Diarrhcea, and 1 by Cholera.

COD LIVER OIL
into great r
and cure of .—Cod liver •
some of the largeinur oil bas recently come
pepure in England as a medicine in the relief
that it is, at least, the consumption; and the statistics of
discovered for oonsurn
experience of titutions for this disease, as well as the
various other diseases Fn °wnl;'
private practice, certainly tend to show
mostl useful remedy that has yet been
cod's
virtueese
terative mediciimes have beenich what are called tonic and al-
it has also proved beneficial in
case of childr an. The most hitherto
used,
lead to the belief that these medicinalrecent observations, however.
whale oil.
but are equally
peacteiallnyotin
con-
finedthe to oil exta acted from the
shared by all fish oils, includingA number of
medical officers in India have reported oil.
most favourably upon
the oil extract zed from the liver of the seer
firms the opin ion that all fish oils exert a h, which
salutarycon-
firms influence
over several i liseased conditions of the human It
is very remarkable that a popular medicine amongstecenemy.
_ the Sin-
ghalese for ur thealthy children, is the liver and intestines of
the kellawalla 4 thynnus vulgaris) made into eu
rrY.—L,olontbe
Observer.

'3i)ao,l

THE CITY POLICE YEAR 1851.

The following communication from the Commisioner
of the City Police has been ordered by the Corporation
to be printed as a document of importance and general
interest:—

"My Lord and Gentlemen,—l have the honour to
present the returns of the City police during the year
1851, in a greatly improved form, being more minute
in the description of offenders, and more compre-
hensive in the objects of inquiry. These returns
embrace the transactions of a year of surpassing
interest, and reflect not only credit upon the
efficiency of the City police force, but offer many con-
siderations, of which our country may justly boast, and in
which the Corporation of London is entitled largely to
participate. In anticipation of events which may require
the service of a greater number of constables than our or-
dinary strength, the Court of Common Council
unanimously voted an increase of 110 men to be
engaged from the Ist of May to the Ist of No-
vember, to whom the sum of 20i. each per week was to
be paid, and I forthwith proceeded to enlist
that number upon the terms specified, and it is due
to the men so appointed to state that they quickly
adapted themselves to the rules and orders of the force,
and for the most part acquitted themselves to my satis-
faction. It was estimated that the expenses of this in-
crease in the force would amount to a sum not exceeding
3,000/., irrespective of any additional outlay which might
be required for extraordinary services, the nature of
which was to be communicated from time to time to the
chairman of the police committee.
"It will give your Honourable Court satisfaction to
hear, as it does myself to state, that after allowing for
the customary pay to the entire permanent force, the
excess of wages to the additional constables amounts to
the sum of 1,8854 Bs. Bd. only; and it will be also gra-
tifying to your Honourable Court to learn that not one
farthing
we" required to meet events which would be re-
gardedxtraordiaary, or, from their peculiar character,
as
beyond the reach of ordinary vigilance.
appreciate the extended influence
of
the
police
teir to
in
the
year which has just closed, greatly
aided in its services by the peaceable disposition of
the millions of persons who crowded oar City, I have
the honour to present a summary of the occurrences
a the year, by which the following
sof preceding
results in favour of the year 1851 are established.
The number of offences of every description committed
within the City in the year 1851 was 105 fewer; the
excess of the number of drunken persons detained till
sober was 7; the excess of actual loss of property was
3771. 14s. 80., Which excess, though small, is attribut-
able to robberies at lodging-houses, in which the influx
of visitors was too great to admit, in all cases, of minute
inquiry—indeed a much larger sum that the excess
might be BO accounted for. The number of desti-
tute persons taken in charge was only 321; the
number in 1850 was 703. As evidence of the
sound discretion exercised by thelconstables in charge
of the main streets, it may be here observed that
the number of summonses against drivers and conductors
of carriages was 2,291; of this number 2,051 were con-
victed, and 81 withdrawn by order of the magistrates,
on the parties promising not to offend again. But it is
not only to the police statistics for the year 1851 that I
venture to invite the attention of your Honourable
Court. The comparative statements from the
year 1840, when the City police came into
full operation, to the year 1851 inclusive, pre-
sents ample evidence of the progressive improvement and
efficiency of the force of which the diminished numbers
of offences and offenders is a sure index. In the two
first years (1840 and 1841) the number of persons taken
into custody was 14,017; in the years 1850 and 1851 the
number was 9,481. The average number of persons taken
into custody during the 12 years (1840 to 1851) is 5,629,
while the number in the latter year was only 4,688,
which, with the exception of one year, is the smallest
number during the entire period, and there the excess is
70 only.
"Batt while such are the favourable results of our
police system, I regard it as a paramont duty to bring
under your consideration the inadequacy of the chief
office for the important business there transacted, as also
the total want of suitable localities for training the
officers and constables, and concentrating the force in
order to facilitate the enforcement of discipline, and to
ensure that effective combination without which, in
cases of emergency, the beat measures may prove abor-
tive; and I consider that it ie ~the urgent obligation of
the authorities to make this 'the subject of immediate
attention.,,
"In reference to the first suggestion it is gratifying to
be able to state, that the merits and services of our de-
tective force are now so generally appreciated as to be
resorted to almost daily by eminent bankers and heads of
commecial houses, but for whose reception esPecially upon
matters of a confidential nature, we have no appropriate
accommodation; everything that passes is liable to be
heard, and that not unfrequently by many constables
who are ikettendance, and by low characters, who re-
sort thithhi4upon various matters in which they are con-
cerned. Upon an average not fewer than from 70 to 100
persons are in attendance at the chief office daily,
amongst whom the respectable parties alluded to must
submit to be introduced and await their turn.
" From the delicate nature of the last-mentioned sub-
ject I deemed it my duty to communicate my views
thereon in the first instance to the police committee, by
whom I was informed 'the committee have no power
to entertain the question.'
" I have, &c.,
(Signed) "D. W. Hamar."
The returns supply a number of particular details, to,
the principal of which the Commissioner alludes in the
above communication, which is fully borne out by the
statistics.

PRINCE'S TELEATRAI, GLASGOW.
A bumper last night at the Prince's welcomed that
prince of Yankee humonrists, Josh Silsbee, who,
makingthough somewhathims al;ocreiliwlt'h his new friends.
elf was not long in
His portraiture of Yankeeism is, no doubt, in some
respects, strongly spiced up, but it bears all the marks
of careful transcription from the original, and the
qn7tleonagt
real natives must be s queer race of which
Josh is a specimen. He, was well received,
and the hearty bursts „of' laughter which oc-
casionally
shook the housemust have shown him that
his efforts were not unappreciated. Another great card
produeed by the manager of the Prince's last night was
Mr. Benjamin Barnett, who in his personation of Mon-
sieur Jacques, in the piece of that name, fairly took the
audience by surprise. It is not often that such light dra-
matic talent is exhibited, as was displayed by Mr. Bar-
nett in his graphic and touching sketches of the poor old
broken-hearted musician, struggling with his poverty,
yet preserving under it all the fine and genial impulses
of a noble nature. His performance of the character
throughout was pervaded by exquisite taste and judg-
ment —North British Daily Nail;
Glasgow, March 16.

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS.
On Tuesday (James M. Rendel, Esq., President, in
the chair), the discussion turned chiefly on the compara-
tive advantages of the under-ground system of connect-
ing wires, as practised in Prussia, and the suspended
system,of the Electric Telegraph, it was not known to what ex-
tent would be in
andbeetmhpislocyoeudn;try. On the first introduction
on that account the sus
pension as enabling additional
i t in
fixedtem w
waisth bat little extra expense. At pre-
psweeinnr
tes,is oatnos
sbnyegsle line of telegraph wire in Prussia, insulated
by gutta percha covered with lead, laid at a depth of
two feet under ground, cost 301. per mile, inclusive of the
instruments. The suspended system was shown to be not
nearly, so expensive, and when accidents occurred, they
were more rapidly and easily repaired. The recent great
improvements in Bain's Printing Telegraph were de-
scribed; and it was shown, that by it three hundred
words per minute had been sent through this instrument;
that fifty-six thousand messages per month had been
transmitted on the Eastern Counties Railway, for rail-
way purposes alone; and that such was its extended use
for mercantile purposes, that the content of a closely-
printed Bvo. volume was lent out in messages, per day,
from the Central Telegraph Office alone. Such was the
facility afforded by the instruments now in use, that
they were chiefly worked by boys taken from the Orphan
Asylum, who fully understood how .to work them after
a fortnight's practice.
Several very ingenious applications of the instruments
were described, and specimens of the Submarine Tele-
graph wire, intended to be laid down between Dover and
Ostend, were exhibited.
The general advantages of the introduction of the
Electric Telegraph were pointed out, and it was stated,
that attention should be directed chiefly to improvements
in the mode of insulation of the wires, in both the under-
ground and the suspension systems, as the instruments
were now comparatively perfect.
The 'papers announced to be read at the meeting of
Tuesday, March 23, were—" Oa the results of the use of
Tubular Boilers, or of Flue Boilers of Inadequate Sur-
face, or Imperfect Absorption of Heat," by Admiral
Lord Dundonald; " On certain Points in the Construc-
tion of Marine Boilers," by Mr. J. Scott Russell,
M. Inst. C. E_ ~• and "Description of a Diaphragm Steam
Boiler," by M. Boutigny (d'Evreux).

SEABORNE MAILS.
pr algnifles that the malls are sent from the General Poet.otdoe
by the night—and 31 by the anorning—AblPatch.]

When made up is
port dis-
From what
PLACES General Post-office .When
London: patched, due.
•
America (by Brit. pkt.)N March 19 ."..' .. (Liverpool .. March 22 '
America (by U.S. pkt.) N March 23 ..., .. Liverpool •. March 17
America (by U.S.pkt.)2d March 21 .. .. liouthampt. •
Africa (West coast).. N 14th of the month. Plymouth Aprill3
Alexandria* • • ...... N 19th & 30th of mo. Dover .. March 23
Belgium • • • • •• N Daily ... .. .. Dover .. Daily
Brazil • • • • .. M 9th of the month Sonthampt. April 16
Buenos Ayres • • .. M 9th of the month 'Southmnpt. April 16
Callfornia(viaChagres) M 2d b 17th of month Southampt. Arrived
Cape of Good Hope N 14th of month Plymouth.. April 3
Constantinople* .... X 7thl7th 27th efmo Dover .. March 20 ,
Central America .. 2d 2d & 17th of men. Southampt. Arrived
Channel Isles •• .. N'Mon., Wed., &Fri. Sonthampt. Ta. Th. flat
Chili .. .. .. . 2.117 th of the month Southampt. March 20
France .. ••M & N Twice daily .. .. Dover .. TwicedailY
Greece* • • • . • • N 7th 17th 27th of mo Dover .. March 20
Hamburgh .. .. N Tuesday & Friday London .. Ties. Sat.
..
Holland .. .. .. M Wednes. & Satnr. London .. Mou.Thur
Honduras ..
Ireland .. .. & N ,
M
India (via Southamp.) Mi2Oth of the 21;onth. Southampt. March 21
India (vlaMareeillee) Blilth& 24th ofnaonth Dover • • April 2
. N 17th of tho month Sonthampt. March 20
Mediterranean (via
Southearnton) • • M,2oth of the month douthampt. March 21
Mediten armful (via
ot Arrived
"nmetu7a7,,.. •• 3112 d of the month' • Southampt. t April 16
...Mars.,,eilles) .. .. Nith&24th ofmonth Dover • • APril 2
------- .• ''• .. ZS 9th of the month Southamp .
Malta* •. .. r 7th,17th,19 th,27th 1 Dover March 20
• I &30th of month
Papal States* .. .. N .sth 15th25th efmo Dover • x
t April 16
Peninsular. • • • .. Id 7th 17th 27thef mo SouthamP •
Sonthampt. March 20
Porn • • • • • • • • hitil7th of the month Sou
.. March 22
Tuscany* • • • • • • N'' sth 15th 25th of mo Dover
t. March 20
West Indies .. •. li 17th of the naosth Southamp
Naples*
West Indies (except
' • • • -•• . N sth 15th 2st,h ofme Dover .• • M_aarrcelth
2222
* The mails to those o onntries thus Marked ( )
* are conveyed by
French packet via Marseilles.
Havanna gc Nassau) Mi2cl of the month .. Southiunpt. Arrived
CAIITOZNIA.—MaiIi to and from California, oils the Milted Btat.o
are now dosiati;hed Aucl din Iv ma Cam
Pac'kill