The Sun.
London, England, 1852-11-02 00:00:00

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October 25,1852.

sion."

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
TIMES.—Mr. Charles Pearson's plan for a Central
City Terminus addresses itself to a problem the very
magnificence of which invites a solution. Tne ques-
tion is, how to take the dense population of the me-
trupoli, and particularly of the city, to the various
railway termini with comfort and speed, hut without
increasing the street traffic to an inconvenient and
dangerous excess. Had tho importat.ce of that ques-
tion been duly acknowledged twenty years ego, and
bad Parliament or any authoritative body foreseen
and realized the present growth of the metropolis and
the increase of population and trade, undoubtedly Mr.
C. Pearson's labours would long since have been ren-
dered, unnecessary, and every metropolitan railway
would have been allowed, nay, positively required, to
push its feeders at least to the two great foci of this
metropolis, the City and Charing-cross. But that
opportunity came, and is gone. The metropolitan
railways are brought to a dead stand in the suburbs,
and immense fabrics, covering many acres, interpose
a practical, and in some instauces a material obstacle,
to the further extension of the lines. The result is,
that the many thousands who spend their days in
London and their nights in the country, not to speak
of mere occasional travellers, have to spend very much
more of their precious time in traversing the streets
to get to their stations than in travelling thence on
the rail to their several homes. Meanwhile, from this
and from other traffic, the great thoroughfares have
become so crowded as to be often impassable, so noisy
that there is no living near them ; and so dirty, that
in spite of street orderlies, and other sanitary militia,
they fill the air with ammoniacarvaptear or dust. As
Mr. C. Pearson mentions, within so short a period as
ten years the number of cabs and of tradesmen's light
carts has doubled, and cheap "busses" now run in all
but continuous streams the whole length of every
diameter that can be drawn through the metropolis.
These vehicles, indeed, now follow one another so
closely on our two principal lines of traffic, that every
body feels how easily the aid of horses might be dis-
pensed with and the vehicles made the links of one
chain moved by machinery—that is, if the process
could be so managed as to allow passengers to be
taken up and put down as freely as they now are.
This species of traffic has come to such a pass since
the general lowering of fares, that the disorder must
ere long work its own remedy in one form or another.
Such are some of the evils to be met before
they comae worse. But they are not the only
inducements to Mr. Pearson's grand scheme. Its
principal claims are of a topographical character. In
the centre of the metropolis, within the limits of the
city, between the two great thoroughfares, near the
Thames and one of its old bridges, there happens to
be a vast opening, at present of a singularly useless
character. Except, indeed, in the Arctic Circle or
the interior of Africa, nowhere is there so much
good space thrown away as in the area called Far-
ringdon-street. Northward from this area, along
the valley of the Fleet river, runs a vast clearance,
to be continued, whether for a railway, or not, half
the way up to King's-cross. This is only part of
the topographical case for Mr. Pearson's plan. The
strongest part remains to be told. It lies in the cir-
cumstance that this central desert of London is so
much below the general level as to be the greatest
nuisance of the metropolis. That nuisance can only
be cured by the creation of two levels, for the upper
and lower traffic, the upper traffic chiefly east and
west, the lower north and south. Now, that which
is the only conceivable cure for the natural incon-
ceniences of the site happens to be an indispensable
requisite for Mr. Charles Pearson's plan of a Central
City Terminus, which indeed would be wholly im-
practicable without two distinct levels. When so
many difficulties are to be met, and may be met by
one comprehensive solution, we cannot be surprised
at the absorbing enthusiasm with which so ingenious
and so daring a reformer as Mr, Charles Pearson has
followed out his scheme. Everything seems to be so
pat to the purpose, that like the parts of a Chinese
puzzle, the only thing to be done is to put them to-
gether. It seems a mere question of fitting. " What
is one mass's bane," says the proverb, "is another
man's weal." It would be the bane of most cities to
have such a place as the Fleet ditch and Holborn-
valley running through it, and intersecting the prin.
cipal thoroughfares. Under the scheme now pro•
posed it becomes the very making of London, by
providing the arca and double levels , requisite for a
central railway terminus.•
_Put adieu-VI these
promising antecedents have beeli "arrayed in
the most flattering forms, we come to that ri-
gorous teat by which so much ingenuity and
public spirit are nipped in the bud. :Will the
scheme pay ? Will it pay to create a double level
over this vast area; to purchase an immense amount
of space covered with substantial buildings in the
heart of the metropolis ; to construct great markets
and warehouses, open to both the upper and lower
levels ; to carry four lines of rails, all underground,
more than a mile from Holborn.valley to King's-
cross, through buildings which, inferior as they are,
would run up to a considerable purchase-money ; to
effect a convenient junction with the Great Northern
Railway ; and, after all, to do this chiefly, if not
solely, for the convenience of that one railway ? There
is the great hitch. The proposed line could be
brought to the King's•cross passenger station with
comparative ease, and by a very direct course. But
to communicate with the London and North-Western
Railway it would be necessary first to take the pas-
sengers to the Camden-town and West India Docks
Junction line, and then delay every train on the
London and North-Western five or ten minutes for
the convenience of out-bound passengers at the
Camden-town station. The up-trains would be liable
to a similar inconvenience. We do not see how this
is to be remedied, and a recent occurrence indicates
the danger of increasing the delays and obstructions
at Camden-town station, which is evidently not large
enough for its legitimate purpose us a goods station.
So much for the London and North-Western. As
to the Great Western and all the other railways, the
difficulty of bringing the Central City Terminus to
bear upon them, seems to increase the further we get
round the metropolis. It is evident that several
miles of additional railway would have to be made
for the purpose, and the experience of the railway
now in operation from Camden-town to the West
India Docks suffioiently proves that, convenient as
these circuitous routes may be to some localities, they
are very tedious affairs for the through passengers.
We believe that a man may walk from Camden-town
to Fenchurch-street in as little time as the railway
will take him, so roundabout is its course, and so
frequent its stoppages. Here is the real difficulty of
Mr. Pearson's plan, and it is confessed in the in-
difference of all the railway companies, except the
Great Northern, which evidently regards his
plan merely as a means of pushing into the
city at the cost of the adventurous public.
We should be delighted to see these difficulties got
over, and a friendly reunion of all the railways effected
in the valley of the fleet ; but it is a question of
engineering, and, though we seem to see our way
plain enough to the construction of a city terminus,
according to Mr. Pearson's very pretty and ingenious
model, we do not see our way so plain to the junction
of the metropolitan lines, excepting only the Great
Northern. We must wait for an explanation on this
critical point before we can bestow on the scheme
that unreserved approbation which it certainly would
be a pleasure to give to the result of such ingenuity
and pains.
11ERALD.—Iler Majesty's Opposition is going
quietly to—the dogs, wherever those insatiable ani-
male are to be found. They will have tough work of
it, but are hungry; and the sight of the plump
Quaker Bright, arm-in-arm with Cobden and Lord
John, lean though they
may be, will make the afore-
said dogs lick their lips. Yesterday we called atten-
tion to one or two mournful notes issuing from the
enemy's camp, through the wailing pipe of the Globe
—the air being, "/t won't do 1" Let us hear now
the Observer of Sunday last—whilom one of the
loudest in announcing that Ministers would have to
encounter, on the opening of the session, an over-
powering opposition, which would scatter them to the
winds. Hear now
" We believe we may certainly announce that the com-
mencement of the session will exhibit no regular and
concerted movement on the part of the Opposition.. . •
We believe we are not premature in stating that no im-
mediate steps will be taken by the leaders of the Oppo-
sition to displace the present Ministry—such as it is. . .
Of regular organised, concerted opposition there will be
actually none—at least not on the opening of the ses-

Thus we see that the Opposition is rapidly melting
away, like a series of dissolving views, before the
warm, but insufferable reality of a powerful Minis-
try.
The Liberal prints are driven to all sorts of
shifts to account for a fact which is patent to all the
world besides—namely, that the Ministry stands its
ground and gains ground because of the country's
confidence in their characters, and satisfaction with
what that Ministry has already done. Nowhere
appears a solitary symptom of real distrust or dissa-
tisfaction ; and as for the .tones, its artillery has
failed to dislodge or even disturb a Ministry
whom it bas assailed from day to day, from week to
to week, from month to month, with a fell but fer-
tile pertinacity, that has berved only to render its

own sayings absurd, and itself ridiculous. Of all
its outrages uf on public feeling and opinion, none can
compare with t he use to which it has turned the death
of the great we rrior statesman, lying yet unburied
only in order the .t his obsequies may be celebrated with
a magnificence becoming his mighty memory. IVe
doubt whether there was one of its readers that did
not revolt froi n its audacious and heartless assertion,
or insinuation, that these obsequies had been delayed
in order to extract from it—political capital ! After
a considerable abstinence, the Times of yesterday re-
curs to the pending obsequies for the purpose of re-
presenting the death of the Duke as an instance of
" extraordinary luck to the Ministry ; and pro-
ceeds in a shocl:ing strain of levity and heartlessness
to run a parallel between the entombment of the illus-
trious departed s,nd that of the so-called principle of
Protection ! It suggested to us whether, in such an
article, we could not see the entombment of all that
is dignified and high-toned in British journalism.
Providence has called away the great man whom we
have lost, when it saw fit to do so, and no one can have
deplored more sincerely or more profoundly the loss
of so great a guide than the Noble Earl now at the
head of the Administration, and whose political opi-
nions, in accordance with those of his Grace, have lost
in his death the immense support which they derived
from his presence and sanction. But the Uarl and his
Ministry adhere to those principles of sound policy,
wisdom, and moderation, which ever actuated him
who is gone, and, we doubt not, share largely in his
single-minded determination to discharge their duty
and despise calumny, come from what quarter it may.
As British journalists, we protest against so foul a
violation of the sanctity of the tomb—to cruel and
indecent an outrage upon the wounded feelings of
the country, as was to be seen in the Times of yes-
terday. Deplorable and desperate indeed must be the
cause which requires thus to be supported.
ADVERTISER.—The little episode between Mr.
Sergeant Shee and Mr. Lucas, at the Conference of
the Friends of Religious Equality, was amusing, if
not remarkably instructive. .Mr. Maurice Leyne has
joined in the squabble, and now we have two Irish
Romanists of some note maintaining that religious
persecution neither is, nor ever was, a principle of
their Church, against Mr. Lucas, who defends the
ferocious bigotry of Leopold of Tuscany, on the prin-
ciples of Catholic toleration and religious equality.
If each of the disputants is perfectly sincere, either
the world has been in error for centuries, or two
Irishmen, to whom it gives credit for a liberal educa•
tion, are totally ignorant of a well-known fact. We
have on several occasions taken notice that Roman
Catholic gentlemen are profoundly ignorant of the
history of their own sect, and the doctrines and
maxims of their priests, and in so doing we have, of
course, taken their own assertions as uttered and
intended in good faith. As an instance, we may men-
tion that Mr. O'Gorman Mahon told Mr. Spooner
and the House, that though he had been brought up
in a Jesuits' college, be had never heard of maxims
and doctrines which were fit only for a priesthood of
Sodom and Gomorrah. We then gave him full credit
for truth in an admission which proved that he had
not so much as seen the celebrated Provincial Letters
of Pascal ; and that he had never heard that copies of
the Jesuits' books were publicly burned by the com-
mon hangman at Paris, in 1762, after a formal sen-
tence by Parliament, for containing the same senti-
ments and maxims as those which Mr. Spooner had
Just read to the House from the class books in
common use at Maynooth. Though nothing is more
easy than to go into a public library and ascertain
the fact, by consulting the works of the Jesuits them-
selves, here was a Popish legislator proclaiming in
public his total ignorance of matters that are notorious
to the rest of the world. Persons who are in this
wretched and benighted condition, may well be ex-
pected to swallow down all the monstrous absurdi-
ties and impostures, which are so thickly presented
to them by their astute instructors and guides.
Mr. Sergeant Shee affirms, that religious persecu
tion is not a principle of the Church of Rome, and
Mr. Lucas that it is. There is no middle path
between them : it must be one or the other. If the
learned gentleman were ever at Rome, he may have
observed a long and gloomy building, near the
Pope's palace. It is the material sign of the princi-
ple vindicated by his opponent. It is the Inquisition,
which not long since was formally re-established for
the suppression of heresy, as the religion of the
Gospel, " the pure Gospel," using the words in the
accusation and sentence of the Madiai, is stigmatized
by an authority, which has dared to call the Gospel of t
Christ, " a Gospel of Man, and a Gospel of the
Devil." We presume that Mr. Sergeant Shee will
not venture to deny the universal practice of his
Church, in regard to all other religions, where she has
had the power to slay with the sword, the axe, the
gibbet, the rack, and the blazing pile, and that the
question is whether the Church has always acted thus
in direct opposition to her ancient principle of tolera-
tion and religious equality. It is not improbable that
the stale artifice of mental reservation has been
brought into play in this case, and that there is some
paltry quibbling with words. The thing, however—
that is, the principle of persecution—still remains,
and we find it difficult to believe, that this gentleman
is really ignorant that it forms a part of the canon
law, which every priest by the eleventh article of the
creed of Pius IV. is sworn to "receive, and profess
all other things defined by the sacred canons:' Popes
and doctors have not been quite so mealy-mouthed as
these " Friends of Religious Equality." We read
thus in the bull of Gregory VII., " We absolve all
subjects from their oaths of fealty which they have
sworn to princes excommunicate ;' in that of Gregory
IX., " We excommunicate all heretical princes, and
absolve their subjects from their oaths and duties of
allegiance ;" and that of Pius V., entitled " The
Damnation and Excommunication of Elizabeth, of
England, and her adherents, with an addition of
other punishments," we read a passage, which must
he given entire :
s. 4. And, moreover, we declare her to ba deprived
of her pretended title to the kingdom aforesaid, and of
all dominion, dignity, and privilege whatsoever.
" S. 5. And also the nobility, subjects, and people of
the said kingdom, and all others, who have in any sort
sworn unto her, to be for ever absolved from any such
oath, and all manner of duty, of dominion, allegiance,
and obedience ; as we also do, by authority of these pre-
sents, absolve them, and do deprive the same Elizabeth
of her pretended title to the kingdom, and all other
things aforesaid. And we do command and interdict all
and every of the noblemen, subjects, and people, and
others aforesaid, that they presume not to obey her moni-
tions, mandates, and laws. And those who do the con-
trary, we do innodate with the like sentence of ana-
thema:*

This malevolent bigot had no doubt about the prin,
ciple ; neither had the author of the Papal decree,
" Heretics may be lawfully spoiled of their goods,
though it had better be done by authority." " Heretics
may not be termed either children or kindred, but
according to the old law, 'thy hand shall be upon
them to spill their blood.'" Liguori was canonized
in 1839, and Cardinal Wiseman has strongly com-
mended his works. He had as little doubt of the
principle as the Popes. He writes of heretics thus :
" If the accused confess his crime, the sentence is to
be given ; if not, he is to be led to conviction, or the
torture, because torture is a help to proof, when argu-
ments and signs are very efficacious, and thus a full
proof may be elicited.' He also writes—" Heresy
is so noxious a pest, that it may require a severe
remedy." We presume that Pius V., when ho insti-
gated the Bartholomew massacre, was not acting in
opposition to the principle of his Church ; and that
Pius IL., who recently denounced Professor Nuytz,
of Turin, for denying that the Church has power to
coerce heretics, was persuaded that this principle
exists. Besides, what is the foundation of his con-
cordat with Spain, that no religion but the Popish
is to be tolerated there ? or the meaning of the oath
of Popish bishops—" All heretics, schismatics, and
rebels against our said Lord and his successors, I will
persecute and oppose to the utmost of my power ?"
Mr. Maurice Leyne staunchly contends against the
existence of the principle of persecution, which is
honestly admitted by the heads of his Church. "As
a Catholic and Irishman," he writes to Mr.
Shee, " I was delighted at your bold and
vehement denunciation of the barbarous tyranny of
the Duke of Tuscany." Again he says, olt is
indeed an odious and impious doctrine that men are
to be imprisoned for religious offences, and chastised
for maintaining any form of doctrine, or for reading
any work bearing on religious questions." The canon
laws, Papal bulls and decrees, and Popish doctors say
quite the contrary; but English Protestants are never
again to pay the least attention to Popish protesta-
tions. He continues thus But the notion that it
is a crime for a man to read the Word of God in his
private house, is a theory so false, foul, and unholy,
that one can only wonder how it could gain support-
ers among the followers of a religion which has for
three centuries battled against persecution and pro-
scription." If be will turn to the encyclical letters of
Gregory XVI., Leo XII., and Pius VII., he will
find the very reverse so strongly insisted upon, that
others can only wonder that even an Irish Papist can
have the assurance to write so much at variance with
the fact. They have battled for three centuries
against persecution. Be it so. In those centuries occurred
the massacre of the Protestants by More and O'Neale,
and also the other massacre of Protestants at Drogheda.
Toe following is a boot of Irish indignation, in to

is a startling and monster dogma, and one• which
would justify an extended application of the bloody
propagandism of Mahomet or of Cromwell! " This
is another instance of the gross ignorance of Roman
Catholics respecting well• known things. Cromwell
never was a propagandist. After the horrible butch-
ery of many thousands of Protestants, he was sent
into Ireland both to punish the murderers and to pro-
tect such as had escaped from their fury. " A horri-
ble
,plot," rays Mr. Daniel Wilson, his biographer,
" had been organized for blotting out the very name
of Protestantism, and erasing every trace of English
rule or occupation in Ireland." Cromwell made
short work of the "Levellers," as those friends of re-
ligious equality called themselves, for in two months
after the massacre at Drogheda he was engaged in
the war with the Scotch. Yet, so little do the Irish
know of history, that they fancy that this great
warrior and statesman had time or care to trouble
himself with converting their countrymen in any
shape, or by any means whatever. He was sent to
punish Popish murderers and protect the Protestants,
and he did both so rapidly and effectually, that ever
since his name has been a bugbear; and yet a man is
found in the 19th century gravely writing of a soldier-
statesman that be was a " bloody Propagandist."
CHRONICLE.—AIthough the summer has passed
away without any new attempt having been made on
Cuba by the adventurous citizens of the United States,
it is certain that American ambition has not aban-
doned the hope of annexing the " Queen of the
Antilles." The failure of the expeditions of last year
seems only to have rendered the innexationists more
cautious in their proceedings. Those lawless schemes
were, it is true, discountenanced by the Federal Go-
vernment, and the feeble Executive at Washington
did what it could to frustrate them ; but the instinct
of aggression is not so easily repressed. The reckless
adventurers who infest the great cities of the Union,
far from being warned by the fate of their unfortunate
comrades, appear to be only waiting for an opportu-
nity of renewing the invasion with a better prospect
of success. The design is openly avowed, and it is
not condemned by public opinion. The truth is, ,
a great portion of the American people, intoxicated
with prosperity, and lending a greedy ear to the flat-
tery of demagogues, firmly believe that the empire of
the New World belongs to them ; and they accord-
ingly look with indulgent complacency upon the
efforts of their advanced guard of irregulars. Such
a state of feeling gives great latitude to the energy of
those who are willing to take the initiative, and to
encounter the risks of an annexation campaign.
American opinion does not scan very critically in-
fr actions of international right, and is fully prepared to
adopt the advantageous results which may be obtained
by the marauding citizens of the Union. This process
has already been twice gone through, at the ex-
pense of a feeble and almost unresisting power. The
annexation of Texas and the conquest of California
originated in the aggression of private adventurers
upon the rights of Mexico. Their success was ap•
plauded by their countrymen, and the Executive of
the United States was; at length compelled to support
a movement so creditable to the enlightened patrio-
tism of its authors. After such a precedent, it is not
surprising that the invaders of Cuba persist in their
euterprize, confidently believing that a fortunate
conjuncture may at any time force their Government
to recognize and to second their designs. The ex-
peditions which last year left the ports of the United
States to assail the territories of a friendly Power
failed at every point. As they were not of sufficient
force to meet the Spanish troops in the field, whilst
the Creole population refused to rise in their favour,
the affair was speedily finished; and the discomfiture
of the Filibusters damped, for a time, the enthusiasm
of those who had projected and prepared the invasion.
So complete and hopeless a failure was of course
regarded, in official quarters, in its true light of a
piratical incursion, and the Federal Government did
not venture to countenance an outrage for which no
excuse could be offered. Nevertheless, despite all its
fatal consequences, the adventure was not generally
reprobated, as it ought to have been, by American
opinion. The associations by which it was organized
still survive, and they include a large number of per•
sons, who are said to have considerable funds at their
command. Their hopes have been revived by recent
events in Cuba, and although their future movements
will probably be less precipitate than those of last
year, it is certain that they are prepared to take
advantage of any opportunity which may arise
from the dissensions between the Spanish Go-
vernment and its colonial subjects. The dis-
affected Creoles receive assistance and encourage-
ment from the United States ; their journals are
printed in America, and are introduced by American
agents ; and supplies of arms and ammunition have
been furnished from the same quarter. In fact, Spain
hils to deal not only with its own discontented sub-
jects, but also with the American sympathizers, who
are most active in their hostility, and who, whenever
they are threatened, appeal to their countrymen for
" moral support," and to the Federal Government for
protection. Under such circumstances, we can
scarcely blame the Spanish authorities, at a moment
when they are menaced with an insurrection in Cuba,
for taking any precautions which may appear neces-
sary to repress foreign interference in the affairs of
the island. It may or may not be true that unneces-
sary and injudicious rigour has been used in prevent-
ing the landing of American citizens at the Havana
yet, all things considered, we cannot condemn the
Spanish Government for exercising a right which it
undoubtedly possesses, nor can we subscribe to the
resolutions passed at "indignation meetings" at New
Orleans and elsewhere. The President, however,
seems to have been so far influenced by what has
occurred as to have dispatched a man•of-war to the
Havana, to protect the American flag. We shall be
glad if it turns out that this step has been taken with
the view of controlling American citizens, rather than
of coercing or intimidating the Spanish authorities ;
but it is clear that every means will be employed by
the anti- Cuban party to implicate their Government in
the matter, and to persuade the Americans that their
flag has been insulted by the officers of a European
Power. It is very far from our intention to impeach the

good faith of the Executive at Washington in these
transactions. On the contrary, we are disposed to
believe that Mr. Fillmore has done all that lay in his
power to prevent the designs of the Filibusters from
being carried into execution. But, as has been seen
on former occasions, the moderation of the President
is of little avail to restrain the aggressive propensities
of American citizens, or to keep within bounds the
national instinct of acquisitiveness. The exaggerated
licence of individual action which exists in the United
States, owing to the enormous field open to the rest-
less portion of their population, has produced a habit
of lawlessness, which is, to say the least, extremely
dangerous to those countries which enjoy the doubtful
advantage of territorial contiguity to the free and en-
lightened Republic. In the case before us, there is a
constant and a scarcely concealed conspiracy against
Spain, for which not a shadow of provocation has
been given. The " Order of the Lone Star"—as the
assoelatieu of freebooters Is rumautluslly deslg uaLed—
carries on its operations in a time of profound peace;
and when the Spanish Government, naturally alarmed
at demonstrations so unmistakeably hostile, institutes
precautions against their authors and abettors, at-
tempts are made to raise a cry that injuries have been
done to Americans which must be avenged by arms.
It is simply the fable of the wolf and the lamb over again.
Yet this flagrant wrong is sanctioned by the public sen-
timent of the Union, and the pious moralists of Boston
and Philadelphia enter no protest against it. The
truth is, the American people are too apt to view
these things with reference to their own political ad-
vantage, rather than to the strict rules of morality.
They know that the Cuban Creoles are an effete race,
and they believe that Spain has not strength to
de-
fend her colony. They also perceive that the acqui-
sition of the island would bring with it the commo..tid-
of the Gulf of Mexico; and whilst Soutthheern
rowing
dcompensate
ans look to annexation to
preponderance of the North, ando ressitiorteh ad
the balance
e ventu-
between the Free and Slave States,
for
rous spirits of the Union are eager
war.t The he pluuder,
excitement, and glory of a successful
much for American
pro-
spect of such advantages is
virtue, and overpowers the better influences by which d
,
under other circumstnces, moralusoed.There is no reason
to suppose that the authors and enlightene
a people would have
been gia
of the present movement
have any sympathy with the Creoles of Cuba, or that
they are anxious to aid in the emancipation of a race
whom they despise ; and they certainly cannot be
slavebe
re-
garded
as particularly zealous on behalf of
the
population of the island. It is neither a political nor a
social propsgandism in which the Order of the Lone Star
is enlisted—the whole affair is simply a speculation,
which may or may not turn out to be profitable, but for
which, at any rate, no excuse can be found. The
American people would do well to reflect on the con-
sequences which may follow from so flagrant a viola-
tion of law and right, and on the just cause of offence
which would be given to European Powers by the
unprovoked invasion of Cuba. No State, in modern
times, has ever been powerful enough to set itself
. above the law of nations with impunity ; and even
the boasted strength of Republican institutions would
fail in carrying
•outa policy of systematic viclence

The following is the otlicial " Order of Opening the
Canvecetion of toe Clergy of the Province of Canterbury,
on Friday, the sth day Of November, 1852."—The right
rev. the bishop;, and the clergy of the proviece, who
have been cited to uttend the Convocetion, will assemble'
in the cathedral church of St. Paul's, London, at a quar-
ter before 11 o'clock in the forenoon. Tile bishops, in
their habits and convocation robes, will be admitted at
the north gate of the area of the churchyard; the clergy,
in their gowns and hoods, will be admitted at tbe senth
gate. The Most Reverend the Archbishop of Canter-
bury, with his chaplains, will arrive at the Chapter-
house of St. Paul's at about eleven o'clock, and
will be there met by the Dean of the Arches, the
Vicar-General of the Province, and the Chancellor
of the Diocese of London, accompanied by the ad-
vocates and proctors of the Court sf Arches. His
grace will thence proceed, attended by his chaplains
and the civilians, to the west entrance of the cathedral,
where he will be received by the dean and chapter.
The Archbishop, on entering the cathedral church, will
be met by the bishops and the clergy of the
province,
and will be conducted up the centre aisle by the dean
and chapter to the dean's stall in the quire. The bishops
will follow his grace, and take their seats on either side
in the stalls of the canons. The civilians will 19yikvc,„:„ :
the bishops, and the clergy of the province will close the
procession. The litany of the convocation will then be
said in Latin, the Right Reverend Bishop of Llandaff,
as junior bishop, officiating; after which the anthem
" Oh, pray for the peace of Jerusalem" will be sung.
A Latin sermon will then be preached by the Reverend
J. A. Jeremie, D.D., Regius Professor of Divinity in the
University of Cambridge. After the sermon the "Gloria
in Excelsis" will be sung; upon the conclusion of which
the archbishop will pronounce the benediction in Latin.
Divine service being ended, the Most Reverend the Arch-
bishop, attended by the bishops and other members of the
convooation, will proceed to the Chapter-house, where
the archbishop and bishops being seated, the Vicar-Gene-
ral will present to the archbishop the Queen's writs of
summoning and proroguing the convocation. His Grace
will thereupon direct the registrar to read the Queen's
writs, which having been read, the Bishop of London,
as Dean of the Province of Canterbury, will return the
archbishop's mandate, presented to him by the chan-
cellor of the diocese, with his certificate that it has been
duly executed. The certificate having been read aloud
by the archbishop's order, the registrar will preasonize
the bishops mentioned in the return, and the archbishop
will refer to the Vicar-General to report upon the certifie
eates transmitted by them, and upon the letters of
proxy. The registrar will then read, by the archbishop's
order, the schedule of contumacy, by which all parties
cited and not appearing are pronounced contumacious
with a reservation of the penalties until a further day,
which schedule the archbishop will sign. The arch-
bishop will then admonish, in a Latiu form, the clergy of
the province to withdraw, under the guidance of the
Dean of St. Paul's. to the aisle on the north side of the
quire of the cathedral church of St. Paul's, there to form
themselves into a Lower House, and to choose a pro-
locutor, end to present him for approval and confirma-
tion to his grace in the Jerusalem Chamber, at West-
minster, between the hours of nine and eleven in the
forenoon, on Friday, the twelfth day of November, to
which day the convocation will stand prorogued. The
clergy of the province having thereupon withdrawn to
choose a prolocutor, the archbishop will substitute his
vicar-general. Dr. Travers Twiss, to receive from the
Dean of St. Paul's the report of the choice of a prolo-
cutor. The registrar will then read the schedule of
prorogation, whereby the convocation will stand pro-
rogued to the Jerusalem Chamber, at Westminster, on
Friday, the twelfth day of November, between the hours
of nine and eleven in the forenoon. The archbishop
and bishops will then depart, leaving the Vicar-General at
the chapter-house to receive the report of the choice of
a prolocutor by the clergy in the Lower House.—(By
authority) F. H. DIKE, Registrar.—Vice-General's
Office, Nov. 1, 1652.

COLLISION ON THE LONDON Alr'D
BRIGHTON RAILW AY.

Yesterday morning an accident of a serious nature at
the Old Brighton Railway 6tatiusa at occaAoned
by the 10 o'clock express train from Brighton running
transversely into a 4' pick-up" train. The pick up was
being shunted from the down line to the "up" prior to
its being run into the siding, and by seine strange neglect
at the time when the express train was due. The enginl
and tender of the latter were crippled, the tender being
torn from its bed and twisted round, and the solid tim-
ber on which it rested rent into :Anal' particles. Fotr.•
of the carriages attached to the express train were reueli
shattered on the side which C;;1:110 into collision. The tars`
carriage, which was loaded with luggage, was greatly
broken up, and looked as if a battery of grape shot had
been poured into it. The debris of the pick-up was scat-
tered about on all sides, and the ground between the rails
of the up line was torn up for several hundred yards.
One of the carriages of the pick-up was turned over and
thrown off the line. Information was forwarded by the
telegraph to London, and Mr. Edward Cock, head sur-
geon at Guy's Hospital, was sent down by special train
to render assistance. In the meantime dispatches were
sent for Hr. Harris, Dr. Holman, and Mr. Steele, sur-
geons from Reigate, and they promptly arrived. Con-
sidering the injuries sustained by the carriages, it seerati
extraordinary that no lives were lost. I.`lany of the
passengers received cuts and contusions, chiefly on th
head and face, from the force by which thay were thrown
one against the other ; but the only injury incurred of 0_
serious nature was by a lady who resides at Rogency-
square, Brighton, who sustained a compound fracture of
the leg, and was attended home by Dr. Holman. A
largo body of men under Mr. Rigby, the contractor,
were quickly set to work, and in the course of a short

time rendered the line fit for trafrie. Four of the men;
viz., James Clark, guard to the goods train, Brewci,
switchman at the goods station, Wm. Lamb, driver to
the goods train, and Hallows, stoker to the goods
train, were apprehended and Viken in custody to Rei-
gate, where they were brought before J. W. Freshfiehol,
Esq., chairman, A. Froz,T, Eiq., and Sir B. Brodie.
Mr. Slight, secretary of the railway, Mr. Llawhins,
superintendent of the goods depariment, and Mr. Acton,
superintendent of the company's police, were in at
tendance; and the parties having undergone a prelimi-
nary examination, were remanded upon bail, themeelve?
in 50/, each, and two sureties each iu 201.

THE ARCTIC REGIONS.—In the summer of 1848,
Captain Iteays, in the whaling ship
Superior, penetratedthe Arctic Ocean, through Behring's Straits, and en-
countered in bis adventurous pursuit all the dangers of
an unknown and Polar sea. lie was, however, success-
ful in his enterprise, filling his ship with oil in a few
weeks. Influenced by the report which ho brought
back as to the abundance of whales, severiil shipowners
in the United States fitted out a large fleet for those
grounds; and in 1849 Captain Reays was followed by
154 sail, each vessel, with her outfit, being said, on the
average, to be worth thirty thousand dollars, and manned
by thirty able-bodied seamen each. The fle•et took,
that season, 206,850 barrels of whale oil and 2,213 cwt.
of hone, and the trial was regarded as a most prosperous
one. In the summer of 1850 nearly 150 vessels, manned
as already mentioned, and of the average same average of thn alue,
followed in the same tiault, end. in te e
few weeks left in those inhospitable regions, they took
243,680 barrels of oil and 3,264 cwt. of bond. In the
year 1851 a fleet not less numerous than the
have been preceding
I was fitted out, but the results do not appear to
yet officially reported:
THE CORFORATION OF LIVEILFOOL.—The Cot-
Foration accounts, for the year ending 3d of August
last, showed that rho surplus income of the est:.,t4,
'
t andutio n° au; t -w n
making,sla i P
amounted to 28,342 h, from which sum 11,3511, had been
and 8001.
altogether,
of 12,0004 As these expenses
the sum had been cf
appropriated
or ittilst e charitablec' to
t a ini ashti
animal occurrence, it was assumed that they would be
continued iii after years. The Council had also recently
increased the number of police, and ordered the erection
of four now bridowells, which would
a charge of about 7,000/. They had cause, this year,
also
annual expenditure required for the increased the
new
St. George's-hall about 1,0001. and courts of law in
500/ If these items were deducted the new borough gaol
would be a surplus el' about 7from the 28,0001. there
,500/. But they still re-
quired a very considerable sum for the oompletion of
the two last-named great undertakings,h and for other
works which the Council
tbat, after deductinr, for h had already sanctioned; so
the amount of the estimated
value of the sites of the Borough Gaol, Sessions-
house, Main Bridewell, ando other
onrebvuildir,gs, thered
. wool.'.th
be a charge on the Corporation
of last year by about 4 000/. or 5 ereexcee exceeding
,000 . It would appear
therefore, that, supposing the income or the expenditure
of the Corporation to be the same as in the last year,
the Council would only hare at their (*poss.! an annual
surplus little exceeding 2,000.
AMERICAN OlL—From the returns Of the Board of
Trr de it appears that the importation of American oil
has presented a steady annual increase, some iticl of
which may be formed when it is stated that, in the year
1848. the quantity imported wns 536 tone, whist:
in 1S50:, it reached 3,145 tons. The Greenland
fishery, of late years, hag materially diminished. In
the Southern Pacific we have not half-a-dez2n ships;
whilst the French and Americans number seven or eipht
hundred ; and our colonial bay and sea whaling, as car-
ried on at New South Wales and Van I)iemen's Land,
has been destroyed by the temptation which high wages
have presented to shore employment. Thus, the total
value of oil and whalebone exported from Sydney and.
Port Philip has dreadfully fallen off in ten years, from
f 27,4794 in the year 1841, to 29,368/. in 1850, and thiv
latter sum included 2,205/., the value foil sold S'
0- SO-- by
&reign obips for etopea and repairi,
...

=,
~~ ,

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET.
Under the Management of Mr. C. Kean.
THIS EVENING
Will be performed efifth time) a new and original Play, In five
ante, by 'Westland Marston, Esq., entitled ANNE BLAKE. Prin-
cipal characters by Messrs. C. Kean, W. Lacy, Addison, and Ches-
ter ; Mrs. Winstanley. Mrs. Daly, and Mrs. C. Kean.
To be followed by the Comedy of SWEETIIEXRTS AND WIVES.
Principal characters by Messrs. Wright, J. Vining, Addison, Chester,
and Cathcart ; Misses Murray, Lecierq, Daly, and Mrs. Daly.
To conchrle with TUE SPITALFIELDS WEAVER.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL A3iPEUTHRATRE.
Proprietor and Manager, Mr. W. Batty.
The Second Night of the Dramatic Season.
On MONDAY, November 1, and during the week will be pro-
duced the new Hippodramatic Spectacle, entitled THE BRIDE OF
GOLCONDA ; or, the Genus of the Bing—supported by Messrs.
Maddocks, Danavillo, Dolman, Smith, Craddock, Johnson, and
Retorts; Mesdames Fenton, M•Lean, Lydia Pearce, &c.
To be succeeded by a brilliant Routine of Equestrian Achlevc•
ment3 In the Scenes of the Circle, by the most eminent Artistes of
the age.
To conclude with the popular Farce of MISCHIEF MAKING.
Bulge Manager, Mr. W. West. Doors open at Halt-past Sla
o'clock; Roi-orrice open from Eleven to to Your dally. Haif Price
at half-past Eight.

PORTRAITS

WELLINGTON AND SOULT,