The Sun.
London, England, 1852-08-14 00:00:00

TdE SUN LONDON,
_____

Earl Cowper had an interview with Mr. Secretary
Walpole yesterday at the Home Office. Mr. Bulkeley
Hughes, M.P., had also an interview with the Right
lion. Secretary.
The Finance Committee of the Royal Commission for
the Exhibitio❑ of 1851 had a meeting yesterday at the
New Palace of Wesiminter. Present, Sir William. Cn-
bitt (in the chair), Sir Alexander Spearman, Mr. Coul-
son, Air. Poto, and Mr. ilowring (Secretary). Captain
°will was also present.
Dispatches were sent off from the Colonial Office
yesterday to the Governors of the North American
provinces.

THE QUEEN IN BELGIUM.
(F.Rom Oust OWN CORRESPONDENT
BRUSSELS, FRIDAY, Two O'CLOCK.
The Qseen remained at Laecken quietly yes,erday
till 4 o'clock, when she drove out in en open carriage,
accompanied by the King and several of the suite in
another of the royal equipages, along the road to Bru,-
sEls. The route does not present any very remarkable
features, and lies for the most part through a country of
corn fields, willow plantations, and vegetable gardens,
terminated on either side by a growth of small timber,
which is enabled by the distance to pass for respect-
able woods. At intervals there appears at the end
of en avenue of trees fining the road, a small white
villa, with a vista, restricted rigidly to the mathema-
tical requirements, which may make the house es im-
posing us can be; and very pretty it is to look up the
smooth green lane of grass, which ascends from the
base of the gentle declivity bounding the view, and
to see it gradually narro eing up to the many windowed
country house of some proprietor—a few large black
and white cows grazing indolently in the rich pasture,
a flock of pigeons hovering over the chimneys, and the
thin smoke curling placidly through the air—the pic-
ture of perfect ease and repose. The Queen drove ra-
pidly along, and entered Brussels by the rue Longue
Neuve about a quarter to five o'clock. The royal
carriages drove up the rue do la Madeleine, round the
Boulevards, past the Park and Palace, and then re-
turned to Laecken. It so happened that the hour of
her Majesty's visit was that which is generally se-
lected by the inhabitants for dinner, and there
were comparatively few persons in the street
in the lower parts of the town ; but in common with
King Leopold our Queen was received with the
passed, and though the Belgians
es we do,g the removal of the
d o greatest
not
cheer respect
for a s
royalty she
hat and the polite salutation proved, perhaps, that it
was not from any want of loyalty to their Sovereign, or
from any indifference to his illustrious guest, they with-
held their acclamations. The royal party returned to
Laecken about six o'clock, and at seven the King had a
small and very select dinner party. In addition to her
Majesty and the Prince the only persons invited were
M. and Madame Van de Weyer, Sir Ralph Abercrombie,
and Lord Howard do Walden. The Prince of Wales,'
Prince Alfred, the Princess Royal, and Princess Alice
dined with the Princess Charlotte in her own apart-
ments. It will be observed, that independently of the
diplomatic personages present, there was no addition to
the royal circle which could at all render it otherwise
than what we call a family dinner. The private band
of the Kiog was in attendance, and played throughout
the evening.
Laecken is a fine country gentleman's mansion-look-
ing sort of place, situate on the top of a very small hill
and surrounded by treee. In the quiet churchyard near
it are the remains of poor Malibran, and more tourists
pay a visit to that spot than to the palace or cbsitteau,
which is intended indeed to be a sort of Tusculan villa
to be closed to all intruders. It is to King Leopold just
what Osborne is to the Queen, and any attempt to in-
vade the privacy of either residence would be as unsuc-
cessful as it deserved to be. In the absence of any
reason more apparent than what is probably the real
one for the visit of the : Queen to her uncle, the wise-
acres, who sea deeply into the millstones of princes'
hearts, are busy canvassing the various momentous
considerations which they have invented for the
special use of this occasion. They will not believe
it possible that a queen can visit a king
without something very important being on the
carpet, and laugh to scorn the notion of a niece having
the smallest regard for an uncle. But, really, they are
sadly puzzled for a good, solid, all-sufficing reason to
meet the curiosity of the world just now. Among va-
rious hypotheses, I may mention that the arrangements
for a matrimonial alliance between the royal families in
the younger branches finds great favour, while others
think that the interest of the Orleans family aro deeply
cencereed in this concurrence of two crowned heads at
the dinner table at Laecken, and some imagine that the
Queen has come over to discuss free trade quietly with
his Majesty, and to take his opinion about her
present advisers. I leave these and many more
suggestions of the minute to the friends of
such gassip, professing my own utter ignorance
on the subject, and merely adding that it is :pro-
bable, notwithstanding the popular belief to the con-
trary, that kings and queens do not differ much in
affections, motives, and springs of actions from their
faithful subjects. I wish the same diversity of opinion
could exist respecting the weather to-day. The Queen
seems to leave her " sun of Austerlitz" behind her when
she departs from her own shores. The rain fell heavily
to. day in frequent showers, and it is only clearing up
just now as I send cif this dispatch. Her Majesty is
expected at the Palace, but has not yet ar-
rived. Another dinner party
will be given at
Laecken this evening. It is announced decisively that
the Queen will leave Laecken very early to-rosv
by a special train for Antwerp, where she will break-
fast at a quarter-past nine o'clock, atter which she will
visit the exhibition of painting and sculpture. The
squadron will then sail for England, and if so we may
expect to see the Queen at Osborne on Sunday after-
noon. All the officers of the squadron have received
leave till this evening at ten o'clock, and the order to
repair on board by that time looks as if the information
was correct of the Queen's departure.
At eleven o'clock the Queen, accompanied by the
Prince, the Prince of Wales, the Prince Alfred, the
Princess Royal, and Princess Alice, in company with
the King, arrived from Laecken at the Palace, Her
Majesty partook of a splendid breakfast in the saloon
of the Palace soon after her arrival. La section des
Chmars of the Soci6l6 Royal de la Grande liar-
moeie performed a serenade concert during the break-
fast, principally from the works of masters quite un-
known in England even by name. The young Princes
went on foot through some of the streets, and returned
in the course of the day. As soon as breakfast termi-
nated the Queen proceeded to the reception room,
where she received the various members of the diplo-
matic corps at Brussels, as well as the chief officers of
State. The ceremony is not yet terminated, as the
number of persons to be presented is between 60 and
70. As soon as it is over her Majesty is expected to
take another drive through the town on her way to
Laecken. •

(BY SUBMARINE TELEGRAPR)
BRUSSELS, FRIDAY EVENING.
Her Majesty the Queen received the corps diploma-
ague at the Palace to-3u, and will leave to-morrow for
Antwerp, at three o'clock P.M —Times.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
LYNN RACES.-FRIDAY.

The Members' Plate of 30 sovs., added to a sweepstakes
of 5 sovs. each, for three 3;rs old and upwards, winner
to be sold for 1501., &c. One mile and a quarter. (3

Subs.)
Mr. Anderson's The Chase, 6st 61b (1001.) (Rooke) 1 1
Mr. T. Robinson's Chorus, Bst 61b (Hammond) 2 2
Mr. Padwick's na Free-trader, Est 91b (Osborne) 3 dr

Won by a length.
The Stradsett Hall Stakes of 10 sous. each, and 50 added,
for two yrs old. Three-quarters of a mile. (10 Subs.)
Mr. E. R. Clark's Little Switt, Bst 21b (Bartholomew) 1
Mr. Megenis's Pantomime, Bst 21b (Freeborn) 2
Lord W. Po wlett's Scandal, 7st 2lb
Won by a head; Scandal a good third.
The Lynn Cup of 100 says., added to a sweepstakes of 15
save. each, 10 ft, &c. Two miles and a half. (7 Subs.)
Mr. Sponge's King of Troy, Est 51h (1501.) (Stegglas) 1
Lord Orford's na Telescope, (1501.), 7st 1 fib (Pettit) 2
Won in a canter by ten lengths.
The Consolation Handicap of 30 sous,, added to a sweep-
stakes of 3 SOTS. each, for two yrs old and upwards.
Three-quarters of a mile. (4 Subs.)
Mr. Armstrong's Sabre, 3 yrs, Est 61b ...(Osborne) 1
Mr. St. Quintou's Valentine, 5 yrs, Bst 21b...(Smith) 2
Mr. Weston's May Queen, 4 yrs, 7st 21b (Harnmend) 3
Mr. Pedwick na F igurante, 3 yrs, Est 41b (Goodman) 4
Won by two lengths.
The Hurdle Stakes of 3 sous. each, and 25 added.
Heats, twice round and a distance, over four hurdles.
(5 Subs.)
Mr.Greeu's Garrick, 5 yrs (501). lOst 7lb (Owner) 1 1
MMrr: Sara'sSignal,Emy4 yrs
st (Owner) 2 3(501) lOst 71b (Sturgeon) 3 2
Mr. Abel's Priory Stag (500, I.ost (Smith) dis

Won by two lengths.
YORK AUGUST MEETING.—The Electric Telegraph
Company have announced their intention to forward
messages from the Grand Stand, during the ensuing
York races, to all parts of the kingdom!
COVENTRY RACES.—The objection against the winner
of the City Stakes has been withdrawn.

EMIGRATION TO AUSTRALIA.—The ship Northum-
On board her were a
was to sail for Port Philip next day. . r the auspices of
berland arrived at Plymouth from London
numble
of
ne"lewonlen, emigrating uncle
~
arty of emi"
the Hon. Sidney Herbert, 111. P. ; also Ryan S p
_ld diggings
grants, on an organized plan, bound for the go. most of
on Tuesday, and
beyond Melbourne, alluded to some time
Ryan's party consist of 'Tithe-office clerks.
take with
missioners sent them flattering testimonials tothem to Australia. The testimonials were, however, Ke"
spectfully erq,„ ,
rolls manner in which they had been previously
d—eu by the clerks,on account of the ungene-
ed by
the Commissioners.
1,.,
-I\IGHT VV°RIC IN TkIFI POST-OFFICE.—Rapid pro-
rsrihneeeTithe Com-
gress is now making in the arrangements for wtureikating at
night in the inland office of the General Post-oflicc. A
star of forty desks will, it is expected, duty, be engaged on night

COURT CIRCULAR. r lg-'III,IT of the PUBLIC JOURNA.LS.
PALACE OF LAAKEN, AUG. 12, 1 FROM THE. HORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
Her Majesty the Questa wi„ h His Royal Has,`; ~t TlNiES.—Nuttong an scquaintanee with Trans-
Prince Albert, their Raps' Highnesses the Pt uiee of alautic hyperbole could prevent alarm at the exceed-
Wales, the Princeas Roy al, the Princess Alice, and the i ingly bsllicose tone adopted by the American jotrnals,
Prince Alfred, attended by his Grace the Duke of or I and especially by one of them which claims au audno-
thuraberlatl, and the ladies and gentlemen of the suite, i rity fa: surpassing the " slow action and meagre re
landed at Antwerp this morning at nine o'clock. Her I ports" of the Supremo Government. The .New Yorh
Majesty was saluted by the batteries, the ships coo:- I
_Herald, proceeding upon the "disputed interpretation "
prising the Rabat squadron likewise saluted, and manned 1 of the Treaty of 1818, announces as subjects of iturne-
yards.
diate exposition the ,resent and future available strength
Her Majesty was received on landing by the King of of the United Sautes navy ; the resources of the Union
the Belgians, and inomedistely entered one of his Ma- j for a " long and bloody naval war with the first naval
jesty's carriages and four, and proceeded to the railway ! Power upon earth;" the extensions required in its
station, where sp
world in
ecial train was in waiting, to cotivu y I system to enable it to
the Royal party to the palace of Laaken, where they at-"compete successfully with the
arms," and the "train of consequences " which
rived about ten o'clack, must ensue when all other " Powers and interests" have
been duly embroiled in the contest. These momentous
and absorbing contingencies, irreverently classified as
" the Codfish troubles," the journal in question pro-
fesses its resolution of illustrating by documents and
papers " more full, more accurate, more reliable, [-lad
produced with greater dispatch than what the old
fogies at Washinaton (1. e. the supreme autho-
rities of the United States) can produce in
this , hot vv. ether." We should regret the loss
of these very remarkable chapters of prospective his-
tory, but the anticipated text we may contid, ntly hope
will never be delivered. A squadron from the British
Channel will, no doubt, come in view of a squadron
from the American port, off the coasts of Nova Scotia
and Newroundland, but even the version given by the
Herald itself to the instructions of the American com-
manders will preclude thu possibility of disagreement.
Orders to " protect the undoubted rights" of the Union
in its " fisheries and commerce," however emphatically
given or liberally understood, can never bring the fleet
of our neighbours into collision with our own, for the
rights which have been called in question are ours and
not theirs, and they only have committed the acts which
are suggestive of dispute. The Americans can only fish
in our bays by a doubted and very doubtful right; they,
can only fish within three miles of our coats by an un-
doubted wrong. They have probably been doing both,
but in neither ease can they claim the protection of
their fleet. We are confidently persuaded that neither
the Government nor the people of the Union will be
able to detect any act of hostility or encroachment
in the measures taken for the better manage-
ment of our fisheries, and though great misconception has
certainly occurred, we are sure that in the adjustments
now rendered necessary, the Americans will encounter
no captious or illiberal spirit on the part of Great Bri-
tain. The_rights and liberties of both countries over the
waters in question are determined by a treaty less than
forty years old, which treaty has never been invalidated
by any surrender, or modified by any concessions except
that of Lord Aberden's note in 1845. This convention
stipulates that no American fishermen shall come within
three marine miles of the British colonial coasts, except
in specified places. About this clause there is no " dis-
pute," although it has, no doubt, been occasionally vio-
lated, both wilfully and without intention. The con-
vention further declares that the Americans shall not
come within three marine miles of any of the " bays"
of the dominions aforesaid;
and this is the provision
which is " disputed." Now, as wo on Thursday ob-
served, we think it impossible to maintain that a ves-
sel confessedly forbidden to approach " within three
miles of a bay" should be entitled to sail into the middle
of it. A bay, like every other piece of land or water
with a distinct name and character, must have a distinct
circumscription. There must clearly be a line, for in-
stance, on one side of which the waters of the Bay of
Biscay are those of the bay, and on the other those of
the Atlantic Ocean. The geographical converse, if we
may se speak, of a bay, is a peninsula, which is land
protruding into water just as a bay is water penetrating
into land. No person would deny that the line separat-
ing the territory of the peninsula from the territory of
the main land would be found, if required, by continuing
the main line of coast straight across, and it is obviously
the same line similarly continued which would define
the extent of ii bay. The doctrine does not depend on
any capricious or conventional rule of public law, but
is manifestly a deduction of reason and common sense.
If the word " bay" has any meaning at all, it must
obviously mean the space between two projecting
headlands, and the waters of that bay, as distin-
guishable from the open sea, must bo included
within a line drawn from one of these headlands to
the other. The point, perhaps, when expressed in
technical terms, may appear abstruse, but when put in
'plain language cannot possibly admit of honest dispute.
No American skipper would pretend to doubt when he
had got clear of Chesapeake-bay, or whether he was or
was not in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico. If, then,
a bay is a piece of water included between two head-
lands, and defined by a line drawn from one to the other,
and if American fishermen are forbidden in notorious
terms to " approach within a league" of British bays,
it is perfectly incontestable that this distance must be
measured from the defining line, for nothing could be
more absurd than to maintain that a vessel bound to
keep three miles from a bay should bo at liberty to
enter it. The convention stipulated for our own ex-
clusive property in the waters three miles from the
coast, but as the " coast" of a country, according to
legal definition, is marked by a line drawn from
its chief headlands, and is therefore, in some points, a
line of sea and not a line of land, the treaty provided for
this recognised view of the case by adding to the term
" coasts," those of bays, creeks, or harbours, as posses-
siona from which also a distance of three marine miles
was to be kept. To show how undoubtedly the intention
of exclusion was here entertained we need only cite the
very next clause of the treaty, which, after enacting this
exclusion in respect of fishing purposes, proceeds to enu-
merate purposes which shall be regarded in a different
light; providing, irafact, " that the American fishermen,
however, shall bo admitted to enter such bays and har-
bours for the purpose of shelter and of repairing damages
therein, of purchasing wood, and of obtaiuing water;"
after which specificat ions is added, " and for
no other purpose whatever." Now, this treaty and
agreement, so conceived and set forth, James Monroe,
President of the United Settee, on the 30th of January
1819, did " cause to be made public at Washington
under the seal -of -the States, to the end that
the same and every clause and article thereof might be,
observed and fulfilled with good faith by the United
States and the citizens thereof." A plainer case of law
and right could never be mado out. The truth of the
matter is, that the Americans, with their characteristic
and not unnatural spirit of encroachment, soon began
tacitly to assume, without warrant,those privileges which,
by this formal convention, they had failed to obtain.
Whether this failure resulted, as Mr. Webster intimates
in his manifest& of July 6th, from "an oversight" on
the part of the American negotiation, or whether, as is
a good deal more probable, it evinced simply their in-
ability to get batter terms, we need not inquire. The
very expression above quoted, coming as it does from
thus pen of an American Minister, is of itself a sufficient
acknowledgment that the fact so stands, and that the
Americans are precluded from entering our buys and
harbours for fishing purposes. This exclusion, however,
athset3O have
e)eal now commonlyto disregarded, so commonly, indeed,
their systematic trespass as consti-
tuting a species of - prcscr:ptiom But their encroach-
ments have by no Means passed without remonstrance.
The British construction of the treaty, which is
not
only, es Mr. Webster admits, its "strict and rigid con-
struction;" but, in point of fact, the only Possible
constructionmainLi
ned
permittedand even
periodically enforced. As lately,
by its terms, has always been
pure
gt eooo,dafse
el
18i 413
g 5 trhe
axßerdi t
its rGigobvtesrninmreenstp,
eaccttutoatetdheby
Bay
of
Fundy, and, while specially reminding the American
authorities that the three miles distance from the entrance
of other bays was to be observed, admitted the fishermen
of the States into this particular bay, saving only the
ordinary: privileges of the shores. Now, as this notifica-
tion was published in the Government organ at Wash-
ington as an "Important Concession," and received
accordingly, it is as obviously incompetent to the Anae-
ricans to plead a right of prescription as a 1 ight of
treaty. Restrictions of which a partial relaxation was
thankfully accepted only seven years ago, cannot with
any reason be described as wholly invalidated by " thirty
years' disuse." The fishermen of the States have always
craved these privileges, have often assumed them, and
arc never unwilling to make inveterate trespass pass
muster for a right. Not only, however, do no such ad-
vantages pertain to them, but, in as far as any natural
title on their parts ever existed, it has beenso,l,e
renounced. Every quotation we have given has been
they
expression, by the Americans themselves, of what they
were debarred from doing. They "renounced for ever"
(we are writiag from an American text of the document)
" any liberty heretofore enjoyed or claimed to take, dre
or cure fish within three marine miles of any of d'
coasts, bays, creeks, or harbours" in our colonial doe.
minions, and foimally declared that they might
enter
such bays or harbours " for shelter and refitting eel,
but " for no other purpose whatever." About the e •
terpretztion " of such provisions as these we do not in
ate
how there can be much genuine " dispute," but
if the
Americana desire to repair their " oversight," by open_
ing a new negotiation, we trust that they may be met
in a becoming spirit of conciliation and liberality. If
the measures of our Government have been abrupt, let
them recollect that the provocation given by their own
fishermen has been notoriously great. If our Ministers
have acted rudely their own senators have not been far
behind. The interests of the two countries, and ofvery
many beyond, are so dependent on our mutual good will,
and are so .easily reconcilable with each other, that a
pacific adjustment ought scarcely to be the work of
the
eeWestern
Euston_
s
day. It is not from England in 1852 that America will
fail to receive the considerations of amity.
shareholders who
square terminus, heard an able s address from Mr. Glyn
on line; and
yn
on the general position and prospects of
they were also made acquainted wtt hthe
proceedings
bLleednd yeensteradnady at North-Western
which have taken place with reference to a proposed
amalgamation of their own and the Great Western
Companies—a project which, whether feasible or the
reverse, may be regarded as one of the most important
movements in our railway history. On Thursday, the
Great Western proprietors held their half.yearly meet.
it)g—nat, however, at Paddington, but, by a somewhat
infelicitous arrangement, at Bristol. Mr. Russell, the
Chairman, made all the amends in his power for the
distance 'which the greater part of his audience had
travelled, and for the exceedingly disagreeable weather
'hey had eneountered, by laying before them a
lucid and skilful -statement of the position of their
affairs. It cannot be said that, so far as regards
the financial condition of these two great companies,
and the , gradual development of their resources of
traffic,t there is
any foundation for the sudden
depreciation which has effected the value of their shares
on the Stock Exchange. If it be urged that the dividend
of the London and North Western, for the first six
months of the present year, is only at the rate of five-
and. ter half peeet, per e annum, while every one was
looking for siir,‘tho answer IS two-fold. In the first
place, tiivre is no Exhibition this year to give an eitra.