The Sun.
London, England, 1864-03-26 00:00:00

THE BENEFACTOR OF THE SKIN.

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erer'77- te,
oee4l' tetfet
tkV ?-;
Yesterday! according....to ancient
,41:),fee7
the Cnnoberle. ,;„-441aktiple4;
met to contend for supremacy in high jumptilK wrestling,:,
and other athletic sports. Until this year the meeting has
always been held at Hornsey-wood, but the Agricultural-
hall, Islington, being in every way so much better adapted
for these games, it was unanimously chosen as the place of
meeting yesterday, and the change in the rendezvous was a
dsws seeeeorrarssat.
eser:delf
eebmsfuoteiafttostsavistisfaction to all the visitors. The centre of the
hall was enclosed in a kind of long arena thickly laid with
tan and sawdust, while the galleries and ground floor were
set aside for the use of spectators, who went through the
form of paying half-a-crown or five shillings for reserved
findhawonear
mismanagement
eo ohtmoemt
total
nloitnn failures,et eh
aetycernol
oiwt dldse
doubt,
aabtrrht:aeayshi• narbelwe,ges sarcdtrorieuasaill could. Ail
a efvrt
0: transacted,
the arrangements, in fact, connected with the stalls and re-
the visitors what they had paid for. Much of these blun-
ders
meeting held for the first time in a strange place, but
most assuredly they will require to be corrected if public
support is looked for in these displays.
The games were opened with a hurdle race, which was
won by Mr. Robinson, and this merely preliminary buss -
ness over, the wrestling began with the London men of 11
stone—that is to say, with Westmoreland and Cumberland
men who have resided in London for a certain specified
time. The names of those who were to contend were chosen
by lot, which led to some very unequal matching in point of
size, and the games were divided into several rounds, the
many winners of each round afterwards contending among
themselves till the numbers were so reduced that at last the
best men stood face to face. It is needless to go through a
very long list of competitors, all of whom came en their
heads or backs or shoulders with more or less of violence)
as they were thrown one after the other. When the sixth
and last round was called only three remained to contest it
—off atnhde
Athese
ewryer,eaan
dmea no
tantahmaredd,
aTvyesrony
p,
wr
ee
rarf
us ol ny,ouan
gsoldier
of the Artillery, and Coulthard,a very powerful young man,
who had thrown all his antagonists with a strength and skill
that made him beyond all dcubt the favourite of the three.
Tyson and Pearson struggled first, and the rather shifty
manoeuvres of the latter to prevent Tyson getting his
hold prolonged the commencement far beyond the
patience of the audience,who were loud in their expressions
of disapprobation. At last they closed, and a keen all 4
most exciting contest followed. Pearson eir aliaoment
tottered in a most critical position, when it seemed almost
certain that he must be thrown heavily, but by a sudden
exertion of equal strength and agility he managed to free
himself, and threw Tyson a clean back fall heavily to the
ground. He was far less fortunate, however, with his
bigger and more powerful antagonist, Coulthard. They
began the struggle almost at once, and in an instant Pear-
son was thrown with apparently little effort on Coulthard's
part. In the final struggle, however, the winner has to get
two out of three falls, se that Pearson had still two more
chances if he could have availed himself of them. But in
the second effort he was more completely defeated than in
the first, for Coulthard lifted him at once and flung him
even more heavily than before. Immense applause greeted
the winner, who was carried on the shoulders of his coma
panions in triumph round the hall.

The next contest was at the high jump, with le-Aping
poles, for which a great many competitors enterej, pat_
son, undaunted by his late defeat and exhaustinea.stfuggles,
among the number. The bar to be vaulted
over with the
leaping pole was first fixed at a height of 7", t,
and tut all the
competitors in turn cleared this with es
it was raised Sin
at a time. Up to Bft all passed it eas;,,y,
rose from Bft to 9ft the numbers rapidly diminished. At
1
the height of 9tt 3in only t but as it gradually
These were Pearson, the Art:,. -eree competitors were left.
feryman, and two very young
men—Musgrove, the wirer of this
prize last year, and
Baines. Beyond 9ft
hiss, and Baines e- ;,fa all Pearson's efforts failed to get
and continued itMusgrove then took up the contest,
(ill the bar was raised to the astounding
height of It was almost marvellous to see the skill
and activi',e with which these two young men cleared the
M
bar,
—..tsgrove always being the favourite. The latter
-
nev.er, threw himself an inch higher than the jump required,
ap...t always did it as his first attempt. Baines, on the con-
trary, though evidently capable of jumping as high as his
competitor, was far less practised at the game. He seldom
pitched his pole in the right place at first, and when he
did so often failed to raise his body sufficiently in passing
the bar, so that he nearly always made two, and some-
times three efforts before he succeeded, and in this way
exhausted his strength. At 11 feet he gave way,
and failed to clear it quite, and Musgrove, for the second
time, was declared the winner, amid loud applause. When
he had won Musgrove asked for the bar to be raised to 11
feet three inches, and this astonishing jump he cleared
with sufficient ease and adroitness to show that it was well
within his limit. In the wrestling for all corners most of
the men who had previously won in the former games en-
tered again, and there was as much difference in their per-
formances on this second occasion as there is in the merits
of horses in different courses. Pearson, the Artilleryman,
was still among the select winners of the rounds, but ho
met his match in a professional wrestler named Davison,
who flung him easily, and then Allison, a short but com-
pactly built man, and a most accomplished wrestler, was
matched against Coulthard, champion of the day. Coul-
thard seemed to think that he had nothing to do, and as it
turned out, he had very little, for the instant Allison's
arms were round him, he drew his huge antagonist in, and
to the utter astonishment of every one, flung him heavily.
A person named Blair, also, was most successful, till ono
of the most wonderful wrestlers of them all, Watson,
threw him with ease, Allison was then matched against
Davison, and the struggle was very keen, and seemed
doubtful for some time, till, at last, Allison got his grip
firm, and, lifting his taller and much more powerful anta-
gonist, threw him easily. Only Watson and Allison there-
fore remained to compete, and the struggle between these
two was one of the most arduous of the day. Watson was
the taller and more muscular man, but what Allison wanted
in height and strength he amply made up in skill and acti-
vity. In the first effort Watson threw Allison, in the see
oond Allison threw Watson, but it was evident that he did
so with great difficulty, and that his previous struggle with
Davison had exhausted him. In the third effort, as all had
foreseen, Allison was defeated, after a most gallant, but
ineffectual struggle, and Watson was proclaimed the win-
ner of the All Comers' contest. Other wrestling matches,
followed, and the games were prolonged till nearly mid-
night. The whole display was one of a most interesting
kind, and with a better arrangement with regard to seats
and keeping the ring clear, and, above all, with such cur-
tailments as will shorten the performances by some six
hours, these meetings may be made among the most popular
sights of the year.

I
1

LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 26, 1864.

Speculations are becoming more lively in regard
to the probabilities as to who may be the American
President. MANHATTAN, a tolerably keen observer,
writing from New York, under date the 11th inst.,
is firmly of opinion that Mr. LINCOLN will be
re-elected. " The chances are," he says, " 99 in 100
that Mr. LINCOLN will be nominated. The chances
are 66 in 100 that he will be elected President."
Mr. BENNETT, of the Nem York Herald, seemingly,
thinks quite otherwise. He looks, as others look
no less confidently than he does, for no regularly
elected President of any kind as the future head of
the Federal Government. He looks not for the
election of CHASE—not for the election of FREMONT
—not for the re-election of LINCOLN : but—in lieu
of any comparatively commonplace proceeding of
that kind—for the seiz ere of supreme power
by some great military adventurer, another
C,ESAR, another OLIVER CROMWELL, an-
other NAPOLEON BONAPARTE. In this expecta-
tion it may be said that General GRANT, not
old SCOTT, nor yet young M'CLELLAN, bpt
General GRANT, now at Washington, is the man of
men, the hero of anticipation. Referring to the
fact of his arrival in the Northern capital, Mr.
BENNETT writes rather grandiosely thus :—" He
comes to Washington in the greatest crisis of the
country's history, and he has to measure strength
with those who lead the political factions—the men
who ruined the plans of his predecessors. He is to
be ruled or to rule—there is no line between. If
he is swayed as SC Tr was or as M'CLELLAN Was
he will bo but another hero lost." The Yankee
publicist thereupon adding, in regard to
GRANT —" His position is, indeed, a grander
and more
significant one, than any ever
oc2up!el by SCOTT or M'CLELLAN. He comes
from great victories to a national capital
torn by opp,slng
interests, as CE3AR marched
towards the Rubicon, as NAPOLEON went to Paris
after the Egyptian enpedition, and as Caom-
WELL went to London before the dissolution of
the parliament." Whereupon MANHATTAN, like a
wicked rogue as Ile ja, cannot possibly resist the
ioducernent here presented to him for poking a little
good-humoured fun at the hero of Mr. BENNETT'S
lively imagination. Looking to General GRANT'S
past history, and thereby speculating as to his future
career, the merry wag observes He got his
present position by being a candidate for the Presi-
dency at Chicago in 1860, and then going over to
LINCOLN, Now," aciflS MANHATTAN, ,‘ if he crm
come home and control the Massachusetts delega-
tion to Baltimore, and play the same game over
again, he will very likely become a field-Daaribiti,

unless GRANT should seize the crown,, and proclaim
himself Emperor—Emperor ULYss ES 1., or, per-
haps, ULYSSES 11., and then •'e should not
laugh at the old Greek chap No. I." But
—immediately afterwards—he says (apparently
with twinkling eyes but the gravest face in the
world) " No, the country would never permit a man
with such a second-hand name to mount the throne
or wear a purple cloak. No man could become Em-
peror here with the name of Romunus, or C.TSAR,
or POMPEY. There is too much niggnr about it.
The majority of our people don't know Greek and
history ; and the only Ulysses, and Pempeys, and
Scmebodys are their own negroes. General GRANT
would have to take a new name. He might," su g-
geSt9 MANHATTAN, in this little difficulty very
kindly "take the name of the town where he resides
—MEMPHIS I." In the meantime the period
for the Presidential election is drawing on
apace, and Mr. LINCOLN seems, in truth, to be
playing his cards even now pretty deftly.
He is certainly as things go, in one sense, master of
the situation. He has the advantage over other
competitors of that "possession" which, according to
a familiar axiom, here amongst us, is equivalent to
nine out of the ten points of law in anyone's favour.
It is true that those nine points were not enough as
it happened, for even a Military Dictator like
General CAVAIGNAC. Bat then the chief of the
State in the Federal Republic has no such competi-
tor as CAVAIGNAC had opposed to him—a competitor
endowed with a name, a prestige, a glory beyond the
reach of all competition. It had been the notion
years previously of the royalist CHATEAII3RIAND,
that a little three-cornered cocked hat, a pair ofjack-
boots, and a grey overcoat, raised upon a pole in any
corner of France, would be an incident sufficient of
itself to excite an insurrection. When the candi-
dature for the Presidentship of the present occupant
of the throne of France was first bruited about in
the late autumn and early winter of 1848, it was as
nearly as could be so, precisely equivalent to that
display of the jack-boots, the cocked hat, and the
grey redingote ! So little was the capacity for
Government of the Prince Louis NAPOLEON sur-
mised at that time that his elevation was then due
solely and entirely to his name—to the name of
his uncle, the Great NAPOLEON. The American
President, we may then with some show of reason
repeat, has not one such rival reputation to con-
front him in the candidature. The reputations of
the rival candidates for the Presidency in point of
fact are, in one of the homeliest of our idioms, much
of a muchness ! And, being so, the actual occupant
of the presidential chair at Washington has in the
simple fact of such occupancy, a "haul" over all
competitors. He is thereby enabled to look down
upon them as from a "coign of 'vantage." Bat
under any circumstance, we should conjecture,
without much sense of exultation in so doing—the
panoramic scene around him being one (visibly so
even from this side of the Atlantic) of such dire
and ghastly, and all but hopeless confusion;

The investigation before the Coroner of Sheffield
as to the cause of the bursting of the embankment
of the Bradfield Reservoir has concluded. The jury,
after a patient investigation, have returned a verdict
which, we think, will meet with general approval.
They find that "Thomas Ellstene came to his death
by drowning in the inundation caused by the burst-
ing of the Bradfield Reservoir on the 12th inst. ;
that, in their opinion, there has not been that engi-
neering skill, and that attention to the construction
of the works which their magnitude and importance
demanded; that, in their opinion, the Legislature
ought to take such action as will result in a Govern-
mental inspection of all works of this character, and
that such inspection ought to be frequent, regular,
and sufficient." After a careful perusal of the evi-
dence we entirely concur with this. No charge of
criminal neglect is imputed to anybody, and great
labour and money were expended in the construction
of the dam ; but it is clear that it possessed some
fatal element of weakness which ought to have been
guarded against, and there is no doubt measures
will be at once taken to prevent the recurrence of a
similar disaster. From the evidence of Mr.
LEATHER, who is the consulting engineer of the
Sheffield Waterworks Company, it appears that as
far back as 1858 he prepared plans and specifica-
tions for the construction of the reservoir, and that
after some delay the embankment across the valley
was commenced. It is 418 yards long, and consi-
derable pains was taken to secure a water-tight
foundation for the clay "puddle" which forms, as
it were, the backbone of the embankment. It was
originally proposed in the specifications to carry
down this puddle some 10 feet into the ground,
but it was found necessary to sink to a depth
of 60 feet More a water-tight foundation
could be secured. The embankment is
600 feet wide at the base, and 12 feet at top. The
inner slop© is 2 to 1, and the outer slop© in the
same. The greateet height is 10 feet wide at the
top, and gets wider by an inch and a half at every
foot in depth. Thus, supposing the puddle-wall is
95 feet high, it will be 16 feet wide at the base.
There is 60 feet of puddle below the surface, making
the total depth of the puddle-wall 155 feet. The
reservoir would contain a little
_over 111,000,000
entire feet of water. The surface area of water was
about seven acres, the area gathering ground is
about 48,000 acres." Up to this point all the wit-
nesses examined agreed that the work was pro-
perly constructed in the main, and the few objec-
tions taken were not of a serious character ; but
the weak point of the construction lay in the fact
that two outlet pipes pass under the embankment;
they are about 500 feet long, made up of lengths
of 9 feet. There would be 55 or 56 lengths. They
are joined with sockets and lead in the ordinary
way. They are laid in a trench nine feet below
the surface of the ground. They are wrapped
round with clay paddle to the thickness of 18 inches,
the trench being then filled in. It is to the giving
way of these pipes that the bursting of the reservoir
is attributed, as being either the direct or indirect
cause. As yet, it cannot be ascertained how far this
view of the subject is correct; but it is certain that
these pipes were so built into the embankment as
to be always a source of danger. The fact of their
being buried beneath the embankment, in such
a way as to be inaccessible for examination or
repairs was a mistake, and again, as if with a view
to enhance the danger, the valves were placed outside
the embankment,thus rendering it impossible to cut
off the water in case it was found that the, water
was escaping in the midst of the mour,d, which
could be easily done were the valves pieced within
the reservoir, so that the pressure on the pipes
would be at once relieved. The evidence of .7,1 r.
RAIVLINSON, the Government engineer, upon this
point is deserving of special attention. Throughout
the entire investigation he has been most particular
to avoid imputing any unnecessary blame to any
individual, but he observes that they are met to
discover, if possible, the reason of the accident, and
must, therefore, examine into all possible causes.
He says :—" I think no waterworks embankment
ought to have pipes laid through it Co se to pre-
vent repair or renewal when necessary. The engi-
neer should be master of his work; not let it be
toaster of him, I know of mane- inatanees of failnre
where pipes and culverts have been laid through
the main embankment. A defective pipe to this
embankment may hvt Worked the destruction we

have witnessed, and no human ingenuity could
prevent it under the circumstances in which these
pipes exist. I did not say that it did do so; I wish
that to be clearly understood. That, therefore, is
not a legitimate way in which to lay pipes for the
making of a reservoir." Now this is a simple,
comprehensible statement, and he goes on further
to state he has found a tunnel through the solid
stratification on one side of the valley, and that the
tunnel is constructed in the best possible manner,
and that within this tunnel the outlet pipes are
ultimately laid—provision being made for closing
the pipes inside the reservoir. He then entered
upon a clear statement of his views and reasons for
deeming the way of laying the pipes to be defec-
tive. That point will shortly be cleared up, for the
Waterworks Company have consented to be guided
by Mr. RAWLINSON'S advice as to the propriety
of uncovering the pipes to settle this question.
But there can be no doubt as to the advisability of
having all reservoirs so constructed that the out-
fall pipes can be examined, and the proper means
taken to relieve the embankment promptly from
pressure, in both of which very important require-
ments the Bradfield construction was shamefully
wanting. We do not desire to hold Mr. LEATHER
responsible for the failure of an embankment the
principle of whose construction was not new, nor
his own conception; but while giving him credit for
bestowing all reasonable attention to the construc-
tion of the work, we must say that he did not take
the necessary precautions to avoid as far as pos-
sible the risk of an accident. On the other hand,
we do not think that the Coroner acted towards
him and the other representatives of the company
with the fairness and the consideration which are
incumbent on one in so responsible a position as his.
It is unquestionably the duty of a Coroner to elicit
as far as possible any evidence which can be afforded
by any witness, and to caution or censure him if it
be obvious that he is concealing facts. But Mr.
LEATHER'S conduct throughout the inquiry was
straightforward and outspoken ; he could hardly be
expected to come forward and condemn his own
handiwork. It was enough for him to express his
regret at its failure, and to admit that he had mis-
calculated and acted on false premises, without ex-
pecting him to declare that from the first he knew
that they must miscarry. Because he did not do
this or something very like it, the Coroner made
allusions to him which called forth a well-merited
rebuke from one.of the jury. That the recommen-
dation of the jury that Government inspectors be
appointed to examine reservoirs will be carried out
there can be no doubt. But the sooner the public
can be satisfied that all existing reservoirs are in
an effective condition, and that those in the course
of construction are being properly built, the sooner
the sacrificed three hundred will have achieved
their destiny.

Amid the recriminations and dissensions that fill
the world of politics, and the constant reiteration
of irritating topics, without much apparent good
resulting from their discussion, it is refreshing to
turn for awhile into a gayer and more varied scene,
and to breathe the less tumultuous atmosphere of
the great world of art. The actor's art may not, it
is true, be ranked with the great efforts of creative
genius, although a gifted poet has assigned to it
the merit and the charm of combining the rival
fascinations of sculpture, painting, and poetry. Still
there are points in which the dramatic artist,
though himself one of the kings of mind, may more
powerfully engage the sympathies of his fellows
than the composer, the sculptor, or the poet. He
is more one of ourselves, breathing the common air,
mixing more on a level with the worldly wise and
worldly foolish. The sorrows he has played his
part in have not all been surface deep ; his cares,
his anxieties, his responsibilities have nut all been
laid aside with his stage attire; his errors, his dis-
appointments, the tragedies of his existence have
not all ended as he stepped off the boards. His
very profession, gay and animating as it appears to
the looker-on, full of the most fascinating exeite-
meat, is in reality a toilsome and arduous routine,
demanding unwearied strength, unflagging energy,
unceasing application. And although the actor's
triumphs are said to be the brightest, the most com-
plete, and the most intoxicating of any successes,
yet not only are they the briefest, but the most
uncertain. A popular whim, a new favourite,
an unlucky piece may render fruitless the
exertions of many weary hours. A profession
whose success is entirely dependent on personal
exertion, and whose rewards are fluctuating in their
nature, is in its very nature trying and depressing,
leaving little room for the natural infirmities of
mankind, making little allowance for those inter-
vals of mental inaptitude which must sometimes
come to the best and brightest, We have all heard
the story of the wonderfully funny comedian ss-no
was recommended to sea himself as a cure for low
spirits, and the actor's career is especially open to
similar contradictions. But with the advancing
wisdom of the age, and the development of that
noble independence which makes the authors and
artists and musicians of our day rely on no patrons
save themselves and the public, the afflicted or un-
fortunate actor is no longer left to destitution and.
despair should his efforts fail to provide for the dark
days. Institutions and societies properly organised
and sufficiently supported, not alone by the friends
of the drama, but by the open hand and realy
generosity of actors themselves, are now in flourish-
ing existence, succouring the decayed or impo-
verished actor, assisting the sick, burying the dead,
relieving the widow, educating and providing for
the orphan. The, claims of such a society upon the
public at large were seldom more eloquently en-
forced than on Thursday evening, when the
nineteenth anniversary festival of the General
Theatrical Fund was celebrated under the presi-
dency of Mr. SHIRLEY BROOKS. The address of
this gentleman, no less remarkable for its truth
than for its wit and humour, affords a convincing
answer to the cavils of tho censorious and the doubts
of tlse rigid. As special pleader on behalf of the
theatrical profession, the chairman announced his
intention of calling witnesses ; and, passing over a
good many celebrities who might have supported
his case, he summoned WILLIAM SHAKSPERE,
" twice of Stratford-on-Avon, sometime of London,
now of all time." Such evidence as this in support
of the claims of the theatre upon our grateful re-
cognition was, of course, unanswerable, Had there
been no theatre, no drama, said Mr. BROOKS, "you
would have had no SHAKSPERE. Ido not say what
you might not have had, for that genius must have
broken forth in some way. Admiral SHAKSPERE
might have destroyed the Armada ; Lord ChancA,
.'
lOr SHAKSPERE might have written the - s-ovum
Organum ; Sir WALTER SHAKSPERE r4,lght have
made Europe happy with tobacco, kat you would
not have had that volume—that wonder of which
no one could speak wortkiiy but himself—the
volume which, humanly speaking, is our treasure
of wisdom, of consolation,
of art, of fancy, of poetry,
which furnishes sarcasm far the senate, war-cries
for the soldier, vows to the lover, themes for the
moralisi., inspirations for the poet, images for the
painter, divinity for the priest, and songs for the
such, affords a beope for the display of
chi" " The drama, iv, after all, Liman life, and, as
poetry, of
passion, of feeling, which anymore ethereal art can
only represent abstractedly: Cowin to the dis.