The Sun.
London, England, 1852-10-16 00:00:00

EVENING., OCTOBER 16, 1852

Argentine Confederation, Dr. Don Santiago Derqui;
and H. E. the Presid(nt of the Republic of Paraguay,
Don Benito Varela, Provisional Minister and Secretary
of State of the Foreign Relations of the Republic; who,
having exchanged their Lull powers, and found them
in good and due form, have agreed on the following
articles:—

1. Tile river Peranu is the boundary between the Ar-
gentine Court-deration and the Republic of Paraguay,
from the Brezihan possessions to two lertgue3 higher up
than the lower mouth of the Island Atajo.
2. The Island of Yaureta remains belonging to the
territory of Paraguay, and that of Apipe, &c., to the
Argentine. The other firm or inundable islands belong
to the territory to which they era nearest.
3. It is stipulated as a special condition to this treaty,
a frank communication bt-tween the towns of the Parma
and San Borja, del Uruguay, for the Paraguayan and
Brazilian posts, with the necessary escorts for their
safety.

4. The river Parpguay, from bank to bank, belongs
.n pez fent sovereignty to the Republic of rat%:guay, to
,ts confluence with the Parana.

5. The navigation of the 13u.mejo is perfectly common
;o the two stateE.

6. The landward cast from the mouth of the Bet.-
enejo to the River AttijD is ueutrd territory for the dis-
tance of one league, so that the high contracting parties
shall not form military cantonments nor police guards,
not even for the purpose of observing the barbarians
that inhabit the banks.

7. The Confederation concedes to the Republic the
free navigation of its flag through the Parana and its
affluents, extending to it all those immunities and ad-
vantages that civilized Governments, united by special
treaties of commerce, grant to each other ; it will not
detain, or prevent, or impose duties on the passage of
any mercantile expedition that may have occasion to
pass through the fluvial or terrestrial territory of the
Confederation to ports of Paraguay, or from the latter
to any other foreign ports, without subjecting them to
fiscal charges, duties, searches, undoing of packages,
&ea, which, at the same time that they incommode com-
merce, annihilate it, by alarming it, and deterring it
from frequenting the most productive routes.
8. In the same terms as the preceding article, the
Republic concedes to the Argentine flag the free navi-
gation of the Paraguay and its effluents, and a free
passage through its terrestrial territory.
9. It is distinctly understood that both states are en-
titled to dictate the regulations that they may consider
expedient, to avoid contraband during the transit, to
provide for their security, &c., with a complete reserve
of the lawful use of their perfect sovereignty in their
fluvial territory, that is not limited by public law or ex-
press treaties.
10. The Confederation shall give a free transit through
the Parana to other foreign flags, as soon as it has made
the arrangements demanded fur the same.
11. The Government of the Republic of Paraguay, in
accordance with that of the Argentine Confederation,
will co-operate with the means afford, d it by the topo-
graphical situation of the Republic, to facilitate the na-
vigation of the river Bermejo, removing the obstacles
that may have formed in its channel, doing certain
works that may render its navigation precticable, and
establishing positions that may serve as touching points
for vessels, in the sites and places that may be agreed
upon and pointed out by both Governments.
12. The Government of the Republic of Paraguay,
when the ease arrives of its being invited so to do by
that of the Argentine Confederation, shall sanction and
garrison with previous accord a port in the river Pil-
comayo, as high up as it may be navigable so that from
it a land route, the shortest possible, may be afforded
to commerce through the Paraguayan territory, to the
frontier of Bolivia.
13. The Paraguayans established or casually resident
in the Argentine Confederation, and the Argentines es-
tablished or casually resident in the Republic, shall per-
sonally enjoy all the advantages and immunities of the
citizens themselves,- their individual rights being re-
spected, being held subject only to the civil laws that
are in force, and to the mode of procedure merked out
by them.
14. In consequence of the fraternity established be-
tween the two re publics, b community of origin, yinte-
rests, and respective situation, the citizens of Paraguay,
whom their Government may think proper to destine to
cultivate their talents in the establishments of higher
branches arid studies that may
be maintained by the
,
general Government of the Argentine Confederation,
dull be considered on a footing of equality with Ar-
gentine citizens.
15. Tae present treaty shall be ratified by his Ex-
cellency the President of the Republic of Paraguay
within six days of its date ; and within sixty by his
Excellency the Provisional Director of the Argentine
Confederation, the ratifications to be exchanged in the
city of Corrientes.
In testimony whereof the plenipotentiaries sign the
present treaty in duplicate, sealing it with their arms,
and countersigned by their respective secretaries, in
Asuncion, capital of the Republic of Paraguay, the 15th
of July, 1852.
(L. S.)

SANTIAGO DERQUI.
MANUEL CABRAL.
(L. S.) BENITO VARELA..
MARIANO GONZALEZ.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

BUENOS AYRES, SEPT. I.—Flour difficult of sale,
owing to the Government prohibition against shipmeni,
up the rivers; last prier,, 61 pats. Lumber in active de-
mand at 5 reals per foot ou board. Freights dull at
5 dolls. Sc. for hides to United States, and 275. 6d. per
ton for salted; 655. for dry hides to England. Ex-
change—Large transactions at 695.; afterwards, owing
to the scarcity of bills, declining to 675. per ez. Produce
very scarce, but killing season approaching.
MONTE VIDEO, SEPT. 4.—Manufactured goods in
active demand; fancy summer goods realising handsome
prices. Flour, 8 dolls. 2c. to 8 dolls. 4c. on board;
steam coal, 12 dolls. 2c. to 13 dolls. 2c. on board;
lumber, 42 dolls. per foot on board. Produce scarce and
high. Freights dull, at 255. for salted and. 655. for
dry hides. Exchange, 41d.
Rio DE JANEIRO, SEPT. 13.—MONTHLY RETRO-
SPECT.—An average amount of business was transacted
during the past month. The arrivals were neither so
numerous, nor were the receipts of articles of import so
excessive as in July; bat the previous supplies were so
large and totally disproportioned to the wants of the
market, that most description of goods declined in value,
and, although the sales were extensive, the prices
realized were, with few exceptions, unremuuerative. A
fair business was done in coffee at but a slight deprecia-
tion in price, the supplies, in consequence of the abun-
dant rain, having been less free than were expected.
The transactions of the money market were of import-
ance. Discounts were tight; exchange improved; stock
was flat; specie was neglected; almost all descriptions
of shares were low. Two new joint-stock company
schemes were put forward, b6th based upon mortgage
loans. Whether both will be carried into execution and
will succeed, time will show.

MONEY MARKET—Discount-5i per cent. is the cur-
rent rate. Exchange—Business was transacted at 28d.
upon London, but 27i-d. to 4d, were the current quota-
tions until yesterday, when the transactions were of im
portance at 27',1d., both at sixty and ninety days, and
bills were negotiated at 274-d. and 28d.
PERNAMBUCO, SEPT. 18.—During the month, since
the sailing of the Teviot on the 21st ultimo, business
has been generally of a limited character, as is usually
the case at this season of the year. From Liverpool, by
the Reindeer, wo have received advices to the 14th
ultimo, when sugar was still drooping, but cotton main-
tained itself firm at late rates. In produce, irrespective
of limited arrivals, operations have been retarded by
the great scarcity of tonnage' and freights have ad-
vanced in accordance. For England, the Uruguay
sailed on the Ist, and the Seraphina on the 11th inst.;
for these, and for the present conveyance, business in
exchange has been none altogether to the extent of
about 51,0001., the greater part at 27 4d., and the re-
mainder at 211 and 270., the advance being obtained
in consequence of the improvement which had taken
place by latest advices from Rio de Janeiro.
The question of credits between the English houses
and shopkeepers is still unsettled, although we under-
stand the latter have this week addressed a document to

the former, setting forth their claims to a continuance
of twelve months, but the English houses declare their
adherence to their previous measure, to sell at not ex-
ceeding eight months.
Exchange—London, at 60 days' sight, at 27f milrea;
Parie, at 60 days' sight, at 350 f.

MRS. C.HISHOLM AND EMIGRATION TO
AUSTRALIA..
Last night Mrs. Chisholm held one of her group
meetings for the promotion of family emigration, in
Spicer• street Chapel, Spitalfields. The meeting was
numerously attended, and consisted in a great mea-
sure of persons belonging to the class of clerks and
governesses, to whom Mrs. Chisholm especisily
ad-
dre~sed her remarks on this occasion.

Mrs. CIIISUOLM, v. ho was warmly received, on pre-
senting herself, said—l have received lately numerous
applications from persons employed as clerks, book-
keepers, and warehousemen—from men who state to
me that although they may be able to provide fur
themselves and their families for a few years, they
live in constant dread of sickness, and of the still
greater dread of the workhouse.—(Hear, hear.)
Many of them tell me that they find it impossible
from their savings to give more than one boy of
the family what may be called a fair start, and that
they are afraid of seeing their families fall, step by step,
in the scale of society. They say that they are anxious
to do what they can for their children, and there-
fore their inquiries about emigration were increasing
in number.—(Hear.) Now, constant communica-
tions from the colony state that clerks are not wanted
there. Under these circumstances, it would seem
prudent to say that clerks ought to stay at home—
that is was better to wait here till sickness came upon
them—till they were sent to the poorhouse—till, after
exhausting the charity of a few kind friends, they
sank lower in the scale of society. Now, it is a pain-
ful thing to think that for most intelligent men—men
who, in a new colony, should have the greatest moral
influence—there should be no employment. My own
experience leads me to think it would be a wild thing
for men to emigrate in the expectation of being em-
ployed es clerks. I found amongst a great many per-
eons in Sydney whom Providence enabled me to find
employment for, several who had no idea of any work
except with the quill, and who would readily have
leund employment, it they were able to do any
other sort of work. But when I see young ;,men
strength has been injured over the desk desirous
of emigrating, I cannot say to them " Do not think of
the colonies." On the contrary, my earnest advice to
them is, to think of the colonies for the sake of their
wives and daughters.—(Hear, hear.) I du not
think that because a man is accustomed to the quill
he cannot use the plough—or because he has been
in.ed to the desk, that he cannot remove sheep pens.
When you are but six months in the colony, lam
sure that the great anxiety which now weighs upon
you with regard to the future prospects of your fami-
lies, and all dread of the workhouse, will be banished
from your minds.—(Hear, hear.) I am fond of
starting from the bottom of the ladder in the colony,
for if a man have but energy, industry, and deter-
mination to meet circumstances, be may rest as-
sured that if he does not get a-head it is his
own fault, and not the fault of the colony.—(Hear,
hear.) Take the worst ,view of the case, and it is
that of a man and his wife being employed as shep-
herds or servants at 401. a-year, with a house to live
in and everything found for them.—(Hear.) The
great—the very great difficulty in the way of men
who have been employed as clerks and in si-
milar occupations is, that they wish to do as much
work in a day as able-bodied labourers. They then
throw it up, saying that they were not fit for labour
because they could not do at first as much as those
who have been accustomed to labour all their lives.
There are but few here, perhaps, who have not come
to the resolution some time or other of getting up
early in the morning. They commenced well, but
soon gave it up; and if you trace the cause you will
find it was not from want of spirit or determination,
but because they wanted to do too much at first. They
took, perhaps, too long a walk, and when they came
home eat too heavy a breakfast for the work they had
to perform duriug the day. Nothing is of su much
importance as getting up early in the day. This is the
first beginning of success.—(Hear.) I tried very hard
indeed to overcome the difficulty of rising early. I found
it made me ill, and that I was not well during the day ;
but the fact was, I got up without taking anything. But
when I began to take a cup of tea or coffee before I
started out, I never once felt a headache or any sick-
ness, and the difficulty now is to make me remain in
bed.—(Hear, hear.) You will find it a great advan-
tage if, after leaving the office, you buy a suit of
clothes and a coloured shirt—which may do for the
colony, perhaps—to wear at home. As soon as you
are in a light, easy-fitting jacket you feel fit to work,
and as soon as you feel fit to work half the work is
done.—(Hear, hear.) It is impossible for a man to
have any idea of work as long as he dresses in broad
cloth and Wellington boots.—(Hear, hear, and
laughter.) I desire to encourage everything which
would dispose men to do their duty in that state to
which Providence has called them, and you will find
that nothing will be of use till you put on a plain
working dress. Men going out to the colony need
not be anxious to find employment for the whole
week at first, for two days' work will give a man as
much meat as he can eat in the week.—(Hear,
hear.) But he must nerve himself to the task for
the sake of his boys and girls. You have no ragged
schools or orphan establishments in the colony. It
is computed that two-thirds of the parents of these
children have died before their time. Sorrow and
anxiety have destroyed them.—(Hear.) I have been
horrified at seeing men coming to speak to me on the
subject of emigration, whom, from their appearance,
I took to be 60 years of age; but when I inquired I
found the same not more than 45 or 46. It was not
illness, but care and anxiety that gave them this pre-
mature old age.—(Hear, hear.) It is this daily
anxiety that destroys much more than the work that
they have to do.—(Hear.) In this country pride, or
the keeping up of appearances, as it is called, has been
more destructive—has done more harm, and caused
more domestic misery, than ever the cholera did
when it was amongst us.—(Hear, hear.) But there
is no necessity for this in the colony. There you
can do many things which you would not wish to do
here. In the colony a child nine years of age can
earn its own bread. Children were a help to their
parents, they were no burden or expense in the
colony. I declare I would rather go to the colony
I with twelve children than with 1,2001. in my pocket.
—(Hear.) I look upon children as the best capital
a man can take with him.—(Cheers.) Many, I am
afraid, may say to me, " You are giving great en-
couragement to clerks ;" but I am anxious to get them
to the colony for the sake of their daughters. They
are a class of men who have been brought up well,
and who have reared up their children well, and if
they can only sacrifice their pride they may place
these children in positions where they may enjoy
every imaginary comfort which health requires.—
(Hear.) I should be sorry that you should imagine,
as many do, that pride will leave you when you emi-
grate. Nothing but the grace of humility will keep
pride down—and old prejudices will stick to you
like glue. My advice to you is, when you go on
board the vessel, to lay aside broadcloth—lock it
up ; for you will do better by looking like a work-
ing man when yon arrive in the colony.—(Hear.)
In this country you must look genteel and respect-
able, or you have no chance of getting a situation. I
often hear of breach of trust, but how, with the paltry
pay they get, men can expect that clerks, and persons
Ilike them, are to keep up appearances, is to me asto-
nishing.—(Hear, hear.) You have perhaps a daugh-
ter, and think she may do for a governess or a lady's
maid. I have myself been applied to to know if,
when I was going out, I would take a young lady as
a companion.—(Laughter.) I certainly never ex-
pected to have an offer of that kind made to me.—
(Laughter.) But in the colony at the present time
there is no demand for ladies' maids, and the only
three respectable young ladies whom I know to have
returned From the colony are ladies' maids. It is
mere chance, and a wild chance, to get employment
as a governess where nursery maids get 251. a year,
and cooks get 401. Mistresses who could pay well
for service are obliged to clean their own plates, and
little children, if they can only wash the tea-things, are
kept at home to help mama, although the parents could
well afford to send them to school. It is necessary for a
female, if she wishes to preserve her own character, to go
under the protection of some family ; and this is a
most important point for consideration. I am anxious
not to discourage the class of governesses from emi-
grating, for this reason—they are young and virtuous
and in many cases well disposed, if they could only
get rid of their pride and prejudices, and these, if they
have the good sense of English women, they will en-
deavour to overcome. Ido not think that Almighty
God gave woman for no higher purpose than to cook.
I believe that women were sent for a higher purpose
—that they were sent to make men happy and to
keep them from that misery and degradation they
would be sure to fall into but for the holy influence of
woman.—(Cheers.) Will you, then, who are parents,
encourage the system of rearing your daughters as
governesses in this country, where they receive _but
miserable pay, and which can only continue for a few
years ?—(Hear.) Even as regards their worldly
prospects you must desire to have higher prospects for
them. There are now from 60,000 to 70,000 men at
the diggings or on their way. At least 55,000 are
known to be there; and when I tell you that 800 fe-
males are there, and that the number does not exceed
that, is it not a fact that must speak to parents ?
They send their sons to Australia to make money,
but if they want
their sons to do wehlltr.)hey must
send their daughters also.—(hear, hear.)
And
would it not be better where there is a family that
the parent should sacrifice his little pride for the sake
of being with or near his children to protect them.
All felt now that there must be a separation of fami-
lies. There were few families that, when theChris-
mas cup went round next Christmas would forget
Australia.--(Hear, hear.) Do you, parents, there-
fore, remove the pride and prejudices which stand be-
tween your children's prospects
their miseries and trials here. I did not think that
pride and prejudices were so
strong as they are in
this country. Whilst travel ling in a first-class rail-