The Sun.
London, England, 1852-05-25 00:00:00

FRANCE. I roux personnel average per annum 3,534,990 f. At the i
It is statiii that it WAS not the intension of the time the statement was drawn up (1851) the hi,z.bPst
Goveinmi,nt to apply the;fii,vrer about taking. the . salaries were 4,501,+., and the lowest 25t. per inonth!—
..-.4tt)-ot aliegiaiief to roe Pre,ident, to general offioers a startlit.g difference. F:rmerly, in 1743, f)r instance,
who suers in exile. It was only appiio4hle to thou
r taer first
i:miog-irn at 'h2 Grand o,l';era
fonly ree,eivs:iiarly.so"o4fs.
yeaf•• and the
e_cuploytd at a chstancs, :or instance, Getietas Aupick,
' only 4.0001;a
CastelbAjue, and utners, so far as the term granted to Guirnatd, onl- received- cebl4eburt- teldur'd'arnsti e- use,
4 330'. lile dare:eat at pre-
Aladlle.
them is concerned. And that consequently there sent! when, atj the samo' theatre, artistes,w
scarcely of
wss no intention of depriving them of their com- first-rate excellence, receive as much as 80,000 f. a year!
missions. , —nearly double the remuneration of the first magistrate
The Constitutionnel announces that the French in France, the President of the High Court of Cassationl
ship of-war, Charlemagne, arrived on the 9th at Among the reforms now in progress, both in England
Smyrna, after being refused the passage of the Dar- and France, is there no Mr. Hume to put a stop to this
dandles. tax on the good-natured fully of the too easy public?—
The sale of the pictures composing the gallery or Galignani s Messenger.
the late Marshal Soult terminated on Saturday even•
ng. The principal pictures sold on that day were—
St. Joseph and the Infant Jesus, by Alphonse de
Tobar, which brought 1,150 f.; Sr. Catherine, by
Zurbaran, 1,600 f. ; the Interior of a Smoking room,
by Davis Teniers, 1,210 f.; St. John, by Alonzo
Cane, 2,800 t.; St. James, by the same, 2,100 f.; a
Female Saint, by Zurbaran, 3,2001.; another, by the
same, 3,300 f.; the Communion of a Saint, by the
same, 2 100 f. ; St. Anthony, by the same, I,ooot. ; a
Holy Family, by Ribero, 9,100 f. ; Sr. Anthony of
Padua and the Infant Jesus, by Murillo, 10,200 r. ;
the Repentance of Sr. Peter, by the same, 5,500 f. ;
the Deaarius of Caesar, by Titian, a picture
little more than two teet in height, 62,000 f.; S4C-
The sale on that day produced 223 925 E, which added
to those of the two preceding days, give a tctal of
1,477,830 f. Among the persons who purchased the
principal pictures of the Spanish masters, are the
Duke of Giliera, Count Pozzi di Borgo, the Marquis
of Hertford, Count Duchatel, Baron Devaux,
Messrs. Townend, Osborn, de Bruni, Roux, Mundler,
Calle, for the Museum of Montpelier, bcc.
The following p;c,ures were either bought or with-
drawn by the family of the Marshal, viz.—the Birth
of the Virgin, by 'Murillo, which fetched 90,0001.;
the Glorification of the Virgin, by the same, 5,000 f. ;
Christ on the Cross, by the same, 3,100£ ; the Miracle
of San Diego, by the same, 85 5001.; a Brigand 1
Stopping a Monk, by the same,Angels,
,000 t • Abraham
15 ~
offering Hospitality to the by Fernandez de
Navaretta, surnamed El Mudo, 25,000 f,, &c.

DISCOVERY OF JUPI7 ER'S SATELLITES
(From Grant's History of Physical Astronomy )
When Galileo first turned his telescope to the planets,
he was delighted to perceive that they exhibited a round
appearance, like the sun or moon. Jupiter presented a
disc of considerable magnitude, but in no other respect
was he distinguishable from the rest of the superior
Having, however, examined him with
planets.
a new telescope of superior power, on the 7th
of January, 1610, his attention was soon drawn
to three small but very bright stars that appeared in
his vicinity, two on the cast side, and one on the
west side of him. He imagined them to he three fixed
stars, and still there was something in their appearance
which excited his admiration. They were all disposed
in a right line parallel to the plane of the ecliptic, and
were brighter than other stars of the same magnitude.
rhis did not, however, induce him to alter his opinion
that they were fixed stars, and therefore he paid no
attention to their distances from each other, or from
the planet. Happening by mere accident to examine
Jupiter again on the Bth of January, he was surprised
to find that the stars were now arranged quite dif-
ferently from what they were when he first saw them.
They were all now on the west side of the planet,
and were nearer to each other than they had been on
the previous evening; they were also disposed at equal
distances from each other. The strange fact of the
mutual approach of the stars did not yet strike his
attention, but it excited his astonishment that Jupiter
should be seen to the east of them all, when only the pre-
ceding night he had been seen to the west of two of them.
He was induced on this account to suspect that the mo-
tion of the planet might he directly contrary to the
calculations of astronomers, and that he had got in ad-
vance of the stars by means of his proper motion.
He therefore waited for the following night with great
anxiety, but his hopes were disappointed, for the hea-
vens were on all sides enveloped in clouds. On the 10th
he saw only two stars, and they were both on the east
side of Jupiter. He suspected that the third might be
concealed behind the disc of the planet. They appeared
al before in the same right line with him, and lay in the
direction of the zadiae. Unable to account for such
changes by the motion of the planet, and being at the
same time fully assured that he always observed the
same stars, his doubts now resolved themselves into ad.
miration, and he found that the apparent motions should
be referred to the stars themselves, and not to the
planet. He therefore deemed it an object of para-
mount importance to watch them with increased atten-
tion. On the I 1 th he again saw only two stars, and
they were also both on the east side of Jupiter. The
more eastern one appeared nearly twice as large as the
other, although on the previous evening he had found
them almost equal. This fact, when considered in
connexion with the constant change of the relative
positions of the stars, and the total disappearance of one
of them, left no doubt on his mind of their real cha-
racter. He therefore came to the conclusion, that
hero are in the heavens three stars revolving rcund
Jupiter in the same manner as Venus and Mercury
revlove round the Sun, On the 12th he saw three stars;
two on the east side of Jupiter and one on the west side.
The third began to appear about 3 o'clock in the morn-
ing, emerging from the eastern limb of the planet; it
was then exceedingly small, and was discernible only
with great difficulty. On the 13-11 lie finally saw four
stars. Three of them were on the west side of the
planet, and the remaining one on the east side. They
ere all arranged in a lino parallel to the ecliptic, with
the exception of the central star of the three western
ones, which declined a little towards the north. They
appeared of the same magnitude, and though small, were
very brilliant, shining with a much greater lustre than
fixed stars of the same magnitude. '1 he future observa-
tions of Galileo established beyond all doubt that Jupiter
was attended by four sateliites. He continued to exa-
mine them until the latter end of March, noting their
nmfigurations, and recording the stars which appeared
in the same field of view with them.

GERMANY.

The fact that the Prussian Chambers were pro-
rogued, and had disappeared as a Legislature, a few
hours before the &
Emperor of psis entered B-rlin as
a visitor, has excited some notice and remark. Yet it
was an taciden', and noting else. The prorogation
had been fixed for the middle of May even b-fore
the carne period was notified as that of the Em-
peror's arrival; and it has been eviient fur a much
longer period that the session could not be con-
tinued with advantage either to the Governm-at
or the country. For six weeks past it has some-
times been difficult to get a House together in the
numbers legally necessary to transact business.
ofren during the sittings the Deputies would
disappear, compelling the President to suspend
proceedings. Six months of continual work had
wearied all partied, especially as the public sittings
are not the largest or most irksome part of the De •
puties' duties ; it is the preliminary labours of the
bureaux and commissions that are the most trying.
Those who augured ill for the continued existence of
the Chambers and for the Constitution generally,
have been a little reassured by the handsome
acknowle igrnent of the Deputies' services made by
M. von Manteuffel in the address by which he ad-
journed them. The Government has no real cause of
quarrel with either House. No chamber could have
voted the budget less grudgingly or sanctioned the
present and future taxes more generously. They
voed one new tax even in the face of a surplus
revenue, and poly negatived another because
it involved a positive breach of contract. In
ail essential questions the Government is strong in
both houses; and would be in a far more difficult
position wi,hout them than with them. If they are
in any peril, it is neither from the policy of Russia,
nor the of its ruler to the constitutional form
of government, but the apathy and indifference of the
mass of the nation.

,VHAT THE SIDNEY PAPERS ARE

FULL OF.

The file of a Sydney daily paper, since the com-
menceu3ent of gold discoveries, is quite a study for phi-
losophers. . . . In one week, for example, twenty-
five thousand pounds worth of gold has come to town,
against which uprises a wholesale and retail grocer,
who advertises that " Economy is a sure road to a Gold
Field," and requests the public to look rather to his teas
and coffees. Then our English eyes do, indeed dwell
a little on his list, when we remember our own taxes,
and see that the gold diggers may buy gunpowder tea
at two shillings a pound, and sugar at twopence. No
wonder that they make their tea in kettles. The next
weekly Gold Circular tells us tf fifteen thousand pounds
worth that has come in by Government escort—an un-
popular, because a dear conveyance, the charge being
one per cent.; and, as for the gold privately transmit-
ted, adds the Circular, " When we know of one man
bringing down a thousand ounces in a horse-collar, it
is impossible to state correctly what may come into
town, On the same day, a draper declares that he is
determined to sell ten thousand pounds worth of haber-
dashery at an alarming sacrifice, " it being perfectly
Evident that at the present time it is the only means by
which a trade can be dune,"—and so on. In the same
paper there is advertised number one of a new perio-
dical, to be called the Golden Aye; and another book-
Beata announces as " the only readable book ever
published in Australia, The Gold Calculator; or,
Diggers' and Dealers' Ready Rockoner.' " That being
the humour of Australian authors, an Australian
musician offers, in the same good cause " The Ophir
Schottische;" while the public is in various places
strongly recommended to buy pumps and cradles. ,
In another paper we are told ot the first passage of " tele
gold coach' through a private village, and of the
consequent defection of the labourers. In the same
paper we have news from Mount Alexander that might
well turn the head of any villager. One person " left
Melbourne on Saturday, and returned on the Monday
week following, bringing fourteen pounds weight of
gold with him, dug up by himself. Another- man,
after working ten days, brought back twenty-two
pounds weight. A friend of mine, a gentleman who
only went to see, was anxious to try his luck, and
begged a dishful of earth, to have, as he thought, a few
grains to take home with him; a few minutes' washing
gave him nearly two ounces of gold." The gold at
Mount Alexander, the richest field discovered yet, lies
near the surface. Two men there obtained four hundred
ounces iu three weeks. As for the weekly Gold
Circular, at Sydney, it gets poetical:—" In our first
shipment, we could count the value of the gold in pounds
sterling by hundreds; in a few weeks it rose to
thousands; in a few weeks more it became tens ot thou-
sands; and we are fast approaching a period when each
ship will convey hundreds of thousands." At the time
when that was written—on December sixth—in the very
few months since the digging was commenced, there had
been shipped from Australia, gold to the value ot three
hundred and twenty-nine thousand seven hundred and
ninety seven pounds; and since that time the yield of
gold has been increasing. At the same time, California
continues unexhauste(l, and the field of gold in Russia
;has eularged.—Dickens's Household Words.

SEABORNE MAILS..
[N signifies that the mails are sent from the General Post-other
by the night—and M by the morning—dispatch.]

1 . When made up in From what' When
PLACItS. General Post-office port die- due.
London. patched.
1
America (by Brit. pkt.)N May 28 .. .. Liverpool ..arrived
America (by U.S. pkt.) N June 1 .. .. Liverpool .. May 26
America (by U.S. pkt.) M May 25 .. .. Southampt. June 3
Africa (West coast).. 1•7114 th of the month Plymouth June 3
Alexandria* ...... Z1;19114 & 30th of mo. Dover .. May 28
Belgium • • .. ..
NlDaily .. .. .. Dover .. Daily
Brazil .. . .. At 9th of the month Bouthampt. 'June 16
Buenos Ayres .. .. Id 9th of the month Southampt. June 16
Calitornia(viaCharree)Ml2d & 17th of month. Southampt. June 5
Cape of Good [lope Ni 14th of month Pkymouth • . June 3
Constantinople' ..... '2B;7th 17th 27th et molDovcr .. May 30
Central America .. Ml2d & 17th of mon. ISouthampt. June 5
Channel Isles •• .. NiMon., Wed., & Fri.lSouthampt. Tu. Th. Sat
Chili .. .. .. . M 17th of the mouth iSouthampt. 'June 5
France .. .. M& N Twice daily .. .. ;Dover .. Twiced all)
Greece* .. .. N,7th 17th 27th of mo !Dover •• May 30
tlamburgh .. .. NjTuesday & Friday !London .. Tues. Sat.
iLdland• • • .. All Wednes. & Satur. louden .. Mon.Thin
Vondurats .•. .. Nl7th of the mouth!Southampt. June 20
ifi,l,4nd . --M& *Twice daily ....IHolyhead.. Twieedall)
a(via Siouthamp.) 111 20th of the month'Southana t. June 20
ijulla(viasi li 1 , P me,iterrwi arsei es) NlSthtt,24th efmonth,Dovor • . June 1
Southan,:an (via
Meditan 'on) •• 11,20 th of the month douthampt. June 20
Marseiii`Z" (via I 1
Mexico • • .. N Eith& 24th ofmonth'Dover •• June I
Madeira 1: •• •• If 2d of the month..lSoathampt. !June 5
Malta* • .. If 9th of tke month Southampt. June 16
Naples' ..•
28
Papal States' . •• N sth 15th 25th of me Dover • - Junci 2
reninsular.„ .1 •• N 151.11 15th 25th ef molDover .. 'June 2
Peru
..
..
.. • • Mj7th 17th 27th et mo Southampt. jMay 26
Tuscany* ..
.. :: M,,,117th of the month Southampt. ;Arrived
West Indies ~ .. 1,1
17th
ISthusth of mo Dover • . !June 2
West Indies (except 7th of the month Southampt. 'June 20
Savanna & Nassau) let:2d or p_
I
. The malls to ~..,__ as month .. Southampt. !June 5
...,,.. c ounce thus
packet via Marseilles. us marked 0') are conveyed b 7
French p

Saturday the usual re..
RAILWAY ACCIDEN
aletlerd ePtsa
servan
number of persons killed was
the
ern3
irsetlaottinpg
etcoemrabilewraiyast,
was
printed,
for the half-year, ending
passengers killed
sengers .as 47,509,312. The num The number of pas-
own control; nine
113, and 264 injured. There were
a , ts of companies or
to their own
and 13z injured, from causes beyond trirt
peantiroer our of contractors
pas engers were killed and 14 injured Owing
causes beyond
misconduct or want of caution; 30
32 servants. of corn
of contractors were killed and 17 injur
their own control ;
were killed and 11 injured owing to their
want of caution; 33 trespassers and other persons,
or
passengers nor servant of the companies, Wier , neither
nine injured by crossing or walking en railways, killed and
Was one suicide. The length of railways open fb There
Of June, 1851, was 6.698 miles, and on the Ist of 11);"e 30th
last 6,890 miles, being an increase during the half-year
192 miles of '
A PROLIFIC KENTISH WOMAN.—At the back
of
the cellar of Lincoln Cathedral, lies the body of Michael
Honeywood, one of 367 persons whom Mary, Wife of the
late Robert Honeywood, of Kent, ancestor of the late m.p
for the county, lived to see, lawfully descended from her
viz., 16 of her own body, 114 grand children, 228 great
grandchildren. La all, 367 persons; 313 of whoul followed
her to the grave, 1