The Sun.
London, England, 1852-05-06 00:00:00

MAY 6, 1852.

HEALTHOF LONDON DURING THE WEEK.

(From the Registrar-General's Report.)
In the week that ended hat Saturday the number of
deaths registered in London was 1,026, which is
nearly the same ss in the previous week. In the ten
corresponding weeks of the years 1842.51 the average
was 903, which, if raised in proportion to increase of
population, becomes 993. Compared with the calcu-
lated amount, the mortality of last week exhibits an
excess of 33; and hence it appears that though, as was
shown in last return, the public health has improved
since March, it is not yet in so favourable a state as
might be expected at this period of the year.
In comparing the results of the last two weeks it will
be seen that there is again a slight increase in the deaths
referred to the principal pulmonary complaints, except
consumption, those caused by bronchitis having risen
from 71 to 86, those by pneumonia from 61 to 67, and
the total of this class from 172 to 187. while the corrected
avern,ga of the ten weeks corresponding to last is 145.
The zytnotic class has also increased in the two weeks
from 204 deaths to 232 (while the corrected average is
190), arising partly from scarlatina. This disease, which
was fatal in the previous week to 38 children, numbered
last week 45 cases, and prevails considerably at present;
hooping cough rose from 35 to 42.

STATE OF THE WEATHER DUELING THE PAST WEEK.

.SUNDAY.—The sky was generally one-half covered with
cloud till near noon, and clear during the remainder of the
day; eumulostratus and cirrostratus.
Mospay.—The sky was clear throughout the day.
TUESDAY.—The sky was overcast throughout the day.
W EDNIZSDAY.—The sky was covered with cloud throughout
the day; cirrostratus. Rain began to fall at 86. r.ar.
THURSDAY.—The sky was overcast throughout the day.
Rain fell frequently.
FRIDAY.—The clouds were broken during the afternoon,
otherwise the sky was overcast ; cumulus, cirrocumulus, and
cirrostratus. Rain fell during the ev•ai..ing.
SATURDAY.—The sky was for the most part covered with
clouds till the evening, when at times it was cloudless. The
day was cold.
ELECTRICITY.—On April 28, at about noon, and on May 1,
at about 9h. P. 31 weak positive electricity was shown.
The mean reading of a thermometer placed on the main-
mast, and read each day at 9h. A.M. was 53.0 Q ; and the mean
reading at 9h. P.M. was 43•3° ; the mean readings at the
Royal Observatory for the same times were SP6Q and 47.7 Q
respectively.
The reading of the barometer at the beginning of the
week was 29.78 in., at which reading it continued till the
26th; then increased to 30•03 in. by 9h. A.M. on the 2t7h ;
continued at about this value till the 28th ; began to decrease
a little before noon on this day ' • was 29.33 in. by 3h. r as. on
the 30th ; and increased to 29.73 in. by the end of the week.

HAY

SMITHFIELD.— Meadow Hay, 31 Os Od to 41 53 Od;
Clover ditto, 31 103 to 41 15s; and Straw, 1141 to 11 lOs per
load. A moderate supply, and a steady trade.
CIIMBERLAND,—Meariow Hay, 31 33 Od tO 41 7s Od;
Clover ditto, 31 8s to 41 12s; and Straw, 11 5s to 1/ 115 per
load. Trade firm, at f all prices.
WHITECHAPEL.—Meadow Hay, 31 Os to 41 53 Od
Clover ditto, 31 103 to 41165; and Straw, 114 s to 11 10s pet
load. Both Hay and Straw moved off freely, at our
quotations.

THE FLIGHT OF ROSAS.
(FROM A PRIVATE LETTER.)
BUENOS AYRES, MARCH 2,—Since I wrote last we
have experienced a complete revolution, as you have no
doubt heard ere this from Roses or the officers of the
Conflict, which was to convey him to England. In the
concluding part of my last letter I told you, I think, that
on Saturday, the3lst of January, the vanguard of Rosas's
army, consisting of some 6,000 men, was completely
routed by a small number of Uf quiz's troops on the fields
of Alvarez, near the bridge of Marques, about 20
miles from here. The next day (Sunday) Roses led
his troops from their encampment of Santos Lugarez
(4 leagues from this) to a spot midway between the
village of Moron and the former place, little more than
a league from each, and there awaited the approach
of the enemy, who was advancing straight towards
the city from the bridge of Marques. The Sunday
passed over in town very quietly till the evening,
when the removal of some cannon into the fort
seemed to cause a little sensation. A general impres-
sion prevailed that a portion of the army bad expe-
rienced some reverse the day before, but nothing cer-
tain was known upon the matter, nor as to the posi-
tions of the respective armies. Monday passed in the
same way. People went about their ordinary occupations
as usual, and there were no indications of the approach-
ing change. About daybreak on Tuesday morning
(the 3d) a distant sound of cannon was heard, but did
not seem to create any sensation. At nine o'clock, how-
ever, a rumour began to circulate that a battle had
been fought on the plains of Moron, in which Rosas
was defeated, and that his troops were in flight for
the city. Immediately the place assumed the appearance
of great excitement, which was increased by the firing
of three guns from the fort (by order of General Msnzilla
the governor of the town), the signal of martial law.
Every shop was immediately shut, and the people con-
gregated in small groups in the streets. About 11, ca-
valry soldiers, by twos and threes, came galloping through
the town, confirming the report of the defeat. As the
day wore on they continued to come in great numbers,
making the best of their way through the town towards
the south, dispersing immediately to their own
homes. At twelve the militia of the town marched
from their barracks, and were posted with arms
and ammunition on the flat tops of the
houses, ready to fire upon any troops entering the
city. Oar house has a sloping roof, and therefore we
had not any of these gentry, but the house opposite had
a dozen, and no of others. At the entrances of all the
streets leading to the great square cannon were placed,
and trenches, about three feet deep, with a breastwork
formed of the earth and stones and yerba (a kind of tea
from Paraguay), sewn up in hides. These barricades
would have been little obstacles to the approach of in-
fantry, and would, perhaps, have made a Parisian laugh,
but they would have retarded the cavalry considerably.
All these measures looked as if an attempt was about to
be made to defend the town, but no such intention was
ever entertained by Manzilla, who about 5 o'clock in the
afternoon, communicated to the foreign Ministers that
he had only 2,000 militia to oppose the invading army,
endeavourei
ty .
Accordingly,
t o ma ke
taenrcimsthweith r
these gentlemen set out for Rosas's quinta (Palermo de
San Benito), about a league from the town, where Ur-
rteh the requested conqueror
tthoe
Ur-
quiza was said by this time to have established his head-
quarters. They did not, however, see him until the next
'
morning (Wednesday), before which the matter had been
arranged. About 6 o clock in the evening the marines
belonging to the various foreign vessels-of-war were
landed and marched iu detachments to the bank, custom-
house, and various public and private houses. The night
passed over quietly; during its course the militia were
withdrawn from the houses—a circumstance to be re-
gretted, as will afterwards appear. The only casualty
which took place in tae town during the day was one
which befell the master of her Majesty's ship Locust.
Rosas's routed
Contrary to the advice of everybody, he determined to
ride towards Palermo to see what was going on. On
The poor fellow
soldiers, who was coming because he refused
hlich he rode,
his way he was shot in the arm
town,
ywoone of
to give up the horse
two of his brother officers (who
had heard that an English officer had been wounded) in
the Retiro Barracks, about a mile from the town,
(Payne) was found b°yn.vi
whither he had been taken by some persons who found
him lying in the road insensible. It is supposed that
he must have fallen from his horse in a swoon from loss
of blood. He was immediately taken on board his
vessel, but died in about two hours from loss of blood.
Bat it is time I should give some account of the
battle, particulars of which did not reach us for some
days afterwards.
Roses, as I said, led out his troops on Sunday after-
noone. Here
het he remainedyformedhis
from their encampment at Santos Lugares to a
spot
motdoisotdaany,
distant fromte
2d, and
baoaudt athleaat evening
league,
line of battle. It was drawn up on the edge of a gentle
v slope, just raised above the surrounding level country.
It is computed that he had from 20,000 to 25,000
men of all arms. Most of these, especially the cavalry,
were new levies, having been taken from their farms,
only a few months before; some few of the infanty,
especially the blacks, who fought well, had long been
g
soldiers. He had nearly 100 pieces of artillery, but
they were badly managed. His old cavalry, to the
about
ut r
q lo3izot
crossed,
t hadro
troops
nearly
the bridge o fnumber of 13,500 men, had been stationed in detach-
ments along the river bank to the north of the province,
a's
0
duringli
theirbeen
cmaunatd;c hoffhaving
thatb e dispersed
e only
na
tkn o
u in due
Marques under General Pacheco a few days befog© the
battle.
Rosas's line extended for about two miles on the edee
of a gentle slope—cavalry on the wings, infantry in the
centre, artillery in front and between the intervals.
There is not a tree or house on the field of battle, ex-
cept a house of brick and mortar, with a tower, called
Monte Caseros, which formed Rosas's extreme right,
and which he occupied in force, and a round pigeonhouse
of brick, about 70 yards from it. His arrangements
were very bad (his centre and left being evidently with-
out support), for ho had no knowledge of strategy, as he
himself confessed, and he was so demented that he re-
fused to take the advice of any of his generals, some of
whom told him that he must lose the battle. Urquiza,
with a force of from 25,000 to 28,000 men, from Entre-
rios, Uruguay, Corrientes, Santa Fe, and Brazil, arrived
from the neighbourhood of Moron on the evening of
Monday, and bivouacked at a distance of about two miles
from the enemy. At daylight on Tuesday morning he
drew up his men in a line, opposite to Rosas's army, on
the edge of an opposite slope, at the distance of about
a mile. He was inferior in artillery, but much superior
in the quality and discipline of his troops. The can-
nonading began at daylight, and a I said was heard in
town. Urquiza commenced the battle by outflanking
with his cavalry Itosas's left, which was completely
turned and routed, and it was some of those gentlemen
who came early into the town giving out that the
battle was lost, while their comrades were still
While this was going on
fighting. Rosas's left
Urquiza's centre and left, composed of Brazilian
and Oriental infantry, crossed the valley and took at
the point of the bayonet the two houses which formed
the strong position on Rosas's right, while Ur • ' gums, s
cavalry on the left completely surrounded the whole
of Rosas's right; thus both his wings were turned,
The
turne .
The cavalry fled, the infantry and artillery made
a stand for a short time in a new position towards
their former left, but it was only for a very brief
space. Surrounded on all
sides, they surrendered or
fled in all directions, and the rout was complete. It was
difficult to gather exactly how long the battle lasted.
The real fighting began probably at 6, Lei., and ended
near 12. Rosas was on the tower of the house for some
time, and then in the field; at length, seeing all was lost,
he took to flight, and, thanks to a very magnificent
horse, and the dust and smoke of the battle, he
succeeded in getting into town. After remaining for,
some time in the outskirts, he came in to Mr. Gore's
k and re-
(the British Chargé's) house, about four Q'CIOC