The Sun.
London, England, 1852-12-28 00:00:00

BANK RETURNS.

, very essence Of the warning which the board is
anxious to give. Whatever estimate may have been
put upon the increased duration of life, it will not
be believed that the lowest rates of premium now
offered can be based upon the lowest rate of interest.
But whilst the rates of premium are reduced in almost
every new project, a rate of interest is prevailing which
is lower than at any former period, and is likely to con-
tinue extremely low for many years ; whilst the public
funds have attained a height at which, from their ex-
treme sensibility to very slight incidents, it would be
dangerous to make investments. With a diminished
capital, and a diminished rate of interest, the board has
not faith in the promises of enlarged advantages ; and if
for the purpose of obtaining higher rates of interest the
funds of the assured be invested in securities of a more
questionable and hazardous character, then does the
danger become more imminent and distressing.
I have expressed the+ opinion of this board that reck-
less competition has had much to do in the formation
and conduct of modern life assurance societies. This
board is not hostile to any legitimate competition ;
it has ever advocated it in matters of commerce as
the mainspring of industry. But these two species of
competition are in no way analagous ; 'competition in
trade cannot be long continued beyond the point
of securing some profit, it will cease with the
means of the disturber ; his operations are open to the
observation of all who deal with him—they are brought
to issue within a short period—and no one is compelled
to trust capital to him. If he fail, it is he who has sold
his wares below their cost who makes default • it is the
seller who suffers. But in a life assurance the case is
essentially different ; there is competition, indeed, in
selling at prices below the cost, but the purchaser is
compelled to make fresh payments year after year—he
has no discretion in the use of his capital—he knows not
how, except to pay the expenses of management, it is to
be applied ; his 'danger may not be apparent for many
years, and when discovered he cannot fly from it with-
out extreme loss, perhaps ruin. If default be made, it
is the unhaiipy purchaser who has to suffer.
Ido not press the subject further, not for lack of
points for animadversion, but because I think that,
together with the observations contained in your
letter, enough has been said to cause due consi-
deration in those who wish to purchase a life assur-
ance. It is not the object either of yourself or of this
board to discourage life assurances ; we should both, on
the contrary, most cordially encouraging them ; we
would exhort every one, however, to use the utmost cir-
cumspection in the choice of their assurers. It is evi-
dent to this board that there is great danger ahead,
which no act of the legislature can effectually avert, and
which can alone be avoided by a resolute rejection, on
the part of the public, of overstrained and suspicious
offers. This is the advice which we give to all, but
especially to the younger members of our community,
whom we would nevertheless counsel to enter into life
assurances with sound and well established offices ; and
we would emphatically impress upon those who wish to
invest their savings or their property in the purchase of
annuities never to forget that their safety will not, but
that their greatest danger may, consist in seeking to
obtain the highest rate of interest, and that their capital,
if once parted with to improvident hands, is gone for
ever. Let them consider that as with others who for the
present possession of capital will give exorbitant rates of
interest, so may it be with assurance and annuity socie-
ties.

I apologise for the length of these remarks, but the
importance of the subject would justify even an exten-
sion of them. They may possibly preserve many of
those who in the exercise of a most laudable course can
least afford to be dupes from future pangs. By order
and on behalf of the directors of the Chamber of Com-
merce and Manufactures at Manchester.
Thos. BAZLEY, President.
J. Y. Caw, Esq., Manchester.

LORD JOHN RUSSELL'S ADDRESS.

TO THE ELECTORS OF THE CITY OF
LONDON.

GENTLEMEN,--Having contributed by my vote to
the overthrow of the Administration of Lord Derby, I
have considered it my duty to -assist, when called
upon by my Sovereign in the formation of a new
Ministry. I have felt it incumbent upon me, in order
to give to the country the full advantages of a liberal
policy, to sink those personal pretensions which my po-
sition might have entitled ina to fnvrn. I have conse-
quently accepted office under the Earl of Aberdeen, upon
whose upright character and enlightened views I place
the greatest reliance. My seat is therefore vacant.
I have little of novelty to add to the declarations I
addressed to you on 'the 22d of May, previously to
the late General Election. I then said that I could
have no hesitation in accepting the challenge—to decide
finally, completely, and conclusively, the contest be-
tween Protection and Free Trade. That contest has
been decided, finally and conclusively, •in favour of
Free Trade. I then said, and I now repeat, that the
commercial policy of the last ten years was not an
evil to be mitigated, but a good to be extended—not
an unwise and disastrous policy, which ought to be
reversed, altered, or modified, but a just and benefi-.
cial system, which should be supported, strengthened,
and upheld. I adverted at the same time to the legal
difficulties and expenses which clogged the transfer of
land, the complicated machinery of the Customs depart-
ment, and the remaining burdens and restrictions on the
shipping interest.

Now, as then, I am prepared to attempt the removal
of these impediments to the increase of our prosperity.
Now, as then, I am prepared to attempt the relief of
that portion of ourfellow-subjects who are still excluded
by their religious belief from political privileges. I enter-
tain a sanguine hope of success in that endeavour.

I then stated that the progress of the working
classes in knowledge and intelligence ought to be
accompanied by an increased share of political power,
while I was aware how difficult a task it is to adjust, in
any plan of representation, the respect due to ancient
prescription with the claims cf advancing trade, increased
population, and growing intelligence.
To this task the Ministry of the Earl of Aberdeen will
anxiously apply themselves. A matter of so much im-
portance requires from the Government the most delibe-
rate consideration before any measures are submitted to
Parliament.

By joining the Administration of Lord Aberdeen I
believe that I shall best promote the cause to which my
political life has been devoted—that of rational and en-
lightened progress. It is to progress that all our efforts
will be directed.

I look to the extension of education, of civil and reli-
gious liberty, of commercial freedom, and of political
rights, as the true means of preserving those institutions
under which we have enjoyed so much happiness.
I have the honour to be,
Gentlemen,
Your grateful and obedient servant,

J. RUSSELL.

Chesham•place, Dec. 27, 1852.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

TATTERSALL'S—MONDAY.
METROPOLITAN HANDICAP.
1,000 to 30 agst Tobolski.
500 to 15 Galvanism.
1,000 to 25 Nerva.
1;000 to 25 Lampedo.

CHESTER CUP.

1,000 to 20 Weathergage.
1,000 to 15 7-- Merry Bird.

DERBY.

400 to 25 Orestes.
400 to 20 Sittingb,ourne.
1,000 to 20 Barbatus.
750 to 25 Brocket.

CHRISTMAS CUSTOMS IN NORWAY.-At Christiania,
and in other Norwegian towns, there is a delicate
Christmas way of °Tering to a lady a brooch, or a pair
of earrings, in a trans of hay. The house door of the
person complimented is pushed open, and there is thrown
into the house a tress of hay or straw, a sheaf of corn,
or bag of chaff. h some part of this "bottle of hay"
envelope, there is a " needle" of a present to be hunted
for. A friend of mine received from her betrothed, ac-
cording to thirf Christmas custom, an exceedingly large
brown paper parcel, which, on being opened, revealed a
second parcel with a loving motto on the cover. And
so on, parcel within parcel, motto within motto, till the
kernel of this paper husk—which was at length dis-
covered to be a ddicate piece of minute jewellery—was
arrived at. One of the prettiest of Christmas customs
is the Norwegian practice of giving, on Christmas-day,
a dinner to the bads. On Christmas morning, every
gable, gateway, or barn-door, is decorated with a sheaf
of corn, fixed on the top of a tall pole, wherefrom it is
intended that the birds shall make their Christmas din-
ner. Even the peasant will contrive to have a handful
set by for this purpose, and what the birds do not eat
on Christmas-day, remains for them to finish at their
leisure through the winter. The carolling of birds about
these poles make a Norwegian Christmas in the fields
quite holy to me.—Dickens's "Rou.saold Words."

(From, the London Gazette of Tuesday.)

Account, pursuant to the Act seventh and eighth
Victoria, cap. 32, of the Average Amount of Bank
Notes of the several Banks of Issue in England and
Wales, in Circulation during the Week ending Satur-
day, the 11th day of December, 1852 Average
PRIVATE BAKS. Amount.
Andover Bank, Andover—Heath and Co.
Ashford Bank, Ashford—Jemmitt and Pomfret 11,843
Aylsham Bank, Aylsham—G. and T. Copeman 4,061
Aylesbury Old Bank, Aylesbury—Z. D. Hunt 24,788
Baldock Bank and Baldock and Biggleswade
Bank, Baldock—Wells, Hogge, and Co
Barnstaple Bank, Barnstaple—Marshall and Co
Basingstoke and Odiham Bank, Basingstoke--
Seymour, Lamb, and Co.
Bedford Bank, Bedford—T. Barnard and Sons
Bewdley Bank, Bewdley Nichols, Baker,
and Co
Bicester and Oxfordshire Bank and Oxford
Bank, Bicester—H. M. and G. Tubb
Birmingham Bank, Birmingham Attwoods,
Spooner, and Co
Birmingham and Warwickshire Bank, Bir-
mingham—.J. L. Moilliet and Sons
Blandford Bank, Blandford—Oak and Co.
Boston Bank, Boston—Garfit and Co
Boston Bank, Boston—H. and T. Gee and Co
Bridgwater Bank, Bridgwater—J. and J. L
Sealey
Bristol Bank, Bristol—Miles, Miles, and Co
Broseley and Bridgnorth and Bridgnorth and
Broseley Bank, Broseley—Pritchards, Boy-
cott, and Co.
Buckingham Bank, Buckingham—Bartlett, Par-
rott, and Co.
Bury and Suffolk Bank, Sudbury Bank, and
Stowmarket Bank, Bury St. Edmunds—
Oakes, Bevan, and Co.
Banbury Bank, Banbury Gillet, Tawney,
and Co.
Banbury Old Bank, Banbury—Cobb and Son
Bath City Bank, Bath—G. Moger and Son
Bedfordshire Leighton Buzzard Bank, Leighton
Buzzard—Bassett, Grant, and Co
Birmingham Bank, Birmingham—Taylor and
Lloyds
Bradford Old Bank, Bradford, Yorkshire—H
A. and W. M. Harris and Co.
Brecon Old Bank, Brecon—Wilkins and Co
Brighton Union• Bank, Brighton—Hall, West,
and Borrer
Burlington and Driffield Bank, Burlington—
Harding, Smith, and Co
Bury St. Edmunds Bank, Bury St. Edmunds—
J. Worlledge
Cambridge Bank, Cambi-idge—Mortlock & Co
Cambridge and Cambridgeshire Bank, Cam-
bridge—Messrs. Fosters
Canterbury Bank, Canterbury—Hammond and
Co
Carmarthen Bank, Carmarthen—David Morris
and Sons
Chertsey Bank, Chertsey—La Coste and Son
Colchester Bank, Colchester—Round & Green
Colchester and Essex Bank, and Witham and
Essex Bank, and Hadleigh, Suffolk, Bank,
Colchester—Mills, Bawtree, and Co
Cornish Bank, Truro—Tweedy and Co
Coventry Bank, Coventry—Little & Woodcock
City Bank, Exeter—Milford and Co
Craven Bank, Settle—Alcocks, Birkbecks, and
Co
Cardiff Bank, Cardiff—Towgood and Co
Chepstow Old Bank, Chepstow Bank, Mon-
mouth Old Bank, Monmouth Bank, Brecon
Bank, and Ross and Herefordshire Bank,
Chepstow—Bromage,. Snead, and Co
Derby Bank, Derby—W. and S. Evans & Co
Derby Bank, Derby—Samuel Smith and Co
Derby Old Bank and Scarsdale and High Peak
Bank, Derby—Crompton, Newton, and Co
Devizes and Wiltshire Bank, Devizes—Locke
and Co
Diss Bank, Diss—Oakes, Fincham, and Co
Doncaster Bank and Retford Bank, Doncaster
—Cooke and Co •
Darlington Bank, Durham Bank, and Stockton-
on-Tees Bank, Darlington—Backhouse &Co 78,Q85
Devonport Bank, Devonport—Hodge and Co 9,206
Dorchester Old Bank and Dorsetshire Bank,
Dorchester—R. and H. Williams 41,106
East Cornwall Bank, Liskeard—Robins, Fos-
ter, and Co 103,128
East Riding Bank, Beverley—Bower and Co 49,083
Essex Bank and Bishop's Stortford Bank,
Chelmsford—Sparrow, Round, and Co
Exeter Bank, Exeter—Sanders and Co..
Fakenham Bank, Fakenham—Gurneys, Birk-
beck, and Co
Farringdon Bank and Bank of Wantage, Far-
ringdon—Barnes, Medley, and Co
Farnham Bank, Farnham—Messrs Knight
Faversham Bank, Faversham—Hilton and Co
Godalming Bank, Godalming—Mellersh and
Keen
Guildford Bank, Guildford—Messrs. Haydon
Grantham Bank, Grantham—Hardy and Co
Hastings Old Bank, Hastings—Smith, Hilder,
and Co.
Hereford City and County Bank, Hereford--
Matthews and Co.
Hertford and Ware Bank, Hertford—S. Adams
and Co.
Hull Bank and Kingston-upon-Hull Bank,
Hull, Smith, Brothers, and Co.
Huntingdon Town and County Bank, Hunting-
don—Rust and Veaseys
Harwich Bank, Harwich—Cox, Cobbold, and
Co
Hemel Hempstead Bank, Hemel Hempstead
—Smith and Whittingstall
Hertfordshire, Hitchin Bank, Hitchin
Sharpies, and Co.
Hereford, Ross and Archenfield Bank, and
Ross and Archenfield Bank, Hereford—
Morgan and Co
Ipswich Bank, Ipswich—Bacon and Co.
Ipswich and Needham Market Bank, Suffolk,
Hadleigh Bank, Manningtree and Mistley
Bank, and Woodbridge Bank, Ipswich
Alexandera and Co
Kentish Bank, Maidstone—Mercer, Randall,
and Co.
Kington and Radnorshire Bank, Kington—
Davies and Co.
Knighton Bank, Knighton—Davies and Co
Knaresborough Old Bank and Ripon Old Bank,
Knaresborough—Terry and Co.
Kendal Bank, Kendal—Wakefield, Crewdson,
and Ca.
Kettering Bank, Kettering—J. C. Gotch and
Sons
Lane End Staffordshire Bank, Lane End—C
Harvey and Son
Leeds Bank, Leeds—Beckett and Co.
Leeds Union Bank, Leeds—W. Williams,
Brown and Co.
Leicester Bank, Leicester—Pagets and Kirby,
Lewes Old Bank, Lewes—Molineux and Co
Lichfield Bank, Lichfield—Palmer and Greene
Lincoln Bank, Lincoln—Smith, Ellison, and Co.
Lla,ndovery Bank, Lampeter Bank, and Llan-
dilo Bank, Llandovery—D. Jones and Co
Loughborough Bank, Loughborough—Middle-
ton and Cradock
LyCmington Bank, Lymington—St. Barbe and
o.
Lynn Regis and Lincolnshire Bank, Lynn
Regis—Gurneys and Co.
Lynn Regis and Norfolk Bank, Lynn Regis—
Jarvis and Co
Macclesfield Bank, Macclesfield—Brocklehurst
and Co.
Manningtree Bank, Manningtree—Nunn and
Co.
Marlborough Bank, Marlborough and Wilts
Old Bank, Marlborough Old Bank, Marl-
borough Old Bank and Hungerford Bank,
and Hungerford Bank, Marlborough—Tan-
ner and Co
Merionethshire Bank, Dolgelly—Williams and
Son
Miners' Bank, Truro—Willyams and Co
Monmouthshire Agricultural and Commercial
Bank, Abergavenny—Bailey and Co
Monmouth Cld Bank, Monmouth Bank, Bre-
con Bank, Chepstow Bank, Chepstow Old
Bank, and Ross and Herefordshire Bank,
Monmouth—Bromage, Snead, and Co
Newark Bank, Newark—Godfrey and Riddell
Newark and Sleaford Bank, and Sleaford and
Newark Bank, Sleaford—Handley, Peacock,
and Co
Newbury Bank, Newbury—Bunny & Slocock
Newmarket Bank, Newmarket—Eaton, Ham-
mond, and Co
Norwich Crown Bank and Norfolk and Suffolk
Bank, Norwich—Harveys and Hudsons
Norwich and Norfolk Bank, Norwich—Gur-
neys and Birkbeck
Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Bank, Not-
tingham,- Hart, Fellows, and Co
Nuneaton Bank, Nuneaton—Craddock and Co
Naval Bank, Plymouth, Plymouth—Harris
and Co.
New Sarum Bank, Sarum—Everett and C 0....
Nottinghamßank, Nottingham—Samuel Smith
and Co.
Oswestry Bank and Oswestry Old Bank, Os-
westry—Croxon and Co.
Oxford Old Bank, Oxford—Robinson, Parsons,
and Co.
Old Bank, Tonbridge, Tonbridge and Ton-
bridge Wells Old Bank, Tonbridge and Ton-
bridge Wells and Sevenoaks Bank, Ton-
bridge—T. H. and S. Beeching
Oxfordshire Witney Bank, Witney—J. W
Clinch and Co.
Pease's Old Bank, Hull, the Hull Old Bank
and Beverley Bank, Hull—Pease and Co
Penzance Bank, Penzance--Batten and Co
Peterborough Bank and Oundle Bank, Peter-
borough—D. Yorke and Co.
Pembrokeshire Bank, Haverfordwest—J. and
W. Walters
Reading Bank, Reading—Simonds and C 0.....
Reading Bank, Reading—Stephens, Blandy,
and Co.
Richmond Bank, Richmond—Roper .and Co.
Rochdale Bank, Rochdale—Clement, Royds,
and Co.
Rochester, Chatham, and Strood Bank, Roches-
ter—Day and Nicholson
Royston Bank, Royston—Fordham and Sons
Sugby Bank, Bugby—A, Butlin and Son

24,511
8,358

3,581

22,272

10,245
6,945
69,149
14,247

4,794
32,323

8,595

20,923

65,669

32,933
27,396
3,723

32,173

30,6

12,440
69,686

22,910

!,228

2,271
16,415

39,403

31,043

21,850
2,980
15,645

29,170
44,232
7,103
19,040

70,857
6,873

37,815

26,44

66,2

40,942
27,278

19,483

6,422
12,777
5,333

4,140
5,853
27,439

33,005

17, 360

19,874

17,96'

40,940

5,785

21,007

34,00

18,499
19,758

58,055

17,429

25,959
9,417

19,47:

42,466

7,839

5,345
51,376

35, 740
27,124
32,136
13,020
87,607

16,729

6,758

3,355

32,098

12,177

14,267

1,932

7,919

28,644

14,567
27,633

46,815
21,958

17,847

44,432

58,286

9,860
2,972

.... 22,590
10,623

25,375

11,911

34,237

9,203

8,731

38,868
10,773

8,074

12,239
24,870

29,243
6,085

4,400

6,811
9,718
9,313

[ADVERTISEMENT.]-DEAFNESS-NEW DISCOVERY.--
39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, observe, opposite the
York Hotel. The Organic Vibrator, an extraordinary
powerful, small, newly-invented instrument for deafness,
entirely different from all others, to surpass anything of
the kind that has been, or probably ever can be, pro-
duced. Being of the same colour as the skin, it is not
perceptible ; it enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at
church and at public assemblies ; the unpleasant sensa-
tion of singing noises in the ears are entirely removed ;
and it affors all the assistance that possibly could be
desired. The Royal Exhibition- Valuable newly-in-
vented, very small, powerful Waistcoat-pocket Glass, the
size of a walnut, to discern minute objects at a distance
of from four to five miles, which is found to be invaluable
for yachting, and to sportsmen, gentlemen, and game-
keepers. Telescopes, possessing such extraordinary
power that some, 34 inches, with an extra eye-piece, will
show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring, and the
double stars. They supersede every other kind, and are
of all sizes, for the waistcoat-pocket, shooting, military,
purposes, &c. Opera and Race-course Glasses with won-
derful power ; a minute object can be clearly seen from
10 'to 12 miles distant. Invaluable newly-invented
Spectacle.—S. and B. Solomons, aurists and opticians,
39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, observe, opposite the. York Hotel.
FATALITY OF A RING.—In October, 1845, a man,
named Donald Fraser, was transported for the theft of
the same ring' which formed a very important link in
the chain of evidence against George Christie for th murder el Mrs. 8054 And her graiudgen.