The Sun.
London, England, 1864-01-08 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONI)ON, FRIDAY EVENING, JANUARY 8, 1864.

N°. 22,320.

Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,
WOMAN'S RANSOM.
A By the Author of " Grandmother's Money," &C.
An excellent tale."—Daily News.
" A good novel, remarkably clever."—Press.
" A. Woman's Ransom' will fascinate the attention of the
reader to the very end."—John Bull.
Hurst and Blac.ett, 13, Great Marlborough-street

WHERE CAN WE MEET AF I'ER THE
PANTOMIMES ? My dear Fellow, Gentlemen sup
at EVANS', Covent-garden.

the point to be insisted upon, and this is precisely what a
good system of examination tends to develops. The Arch-
bishop of York said lately, and I quite agree with hint, at
a meeting held for this same purpose, that there is no test
of knowledge like the pen. One may have " strong
opinions," as the phrase goes, upon some question, and
imagine one understands it thoroughly, but it is curprising,
when one sits down to write about it, how the consciousness
of imperfect or uncertain, or perhaps wholly deficient in-
formation comes upon one, and how much there is to be
supplied of which one would never have felt the want in
mere conversation. It is a commonplace to quote Lord
Bacon's saying—how that " reading makes a full man,
speech a ready man, and writing an exact man ;" but
though a commonplace, it is one of those sayings which
occur to one's mind because so exactly and universally true,
Do not fancy that this question of accuracy is unimportant.
I doubt if any man ever made himself eminent in any line
of business—except, perhaps, as a popular speaker or
preacher—who was habitually careless in his habits of
thought. (" Hear, hear," and laughter.) The habit of
verifying facts before wo accept them, with that which
necessarily follows upon it, the habit of suspending our
judgment where facts are not precisely
known, and utterly
distrusting the first vague impressions we form, is not very
common even among educated classes, and upon that habit,
perhaps more than we think, both of our social comfort and
of our political wellbeing depends. Where every wild report
finds easy belief, where people rush to conclusions from hear-
ing one side of a story without waiting to learn the other,
where there is a general impatience to believe or disbelieve
without sufficient grounds for either, there one security is
wanting both against political exaggeration and against
individual injustice. I look on cultivation of what I may
call our "judging faculties" as one of the very first duties
which civilization imposes on the members of a community,
for though we may not all be magistrates or politicians or
jurymen, we all have to sit in judgment, as it were, on one
another—it is the necessary condition of social life—and to
weigh doubtful evidence in cases which concern ourselves.
Now, that power of judgment is not born in us. It has to
do, lam free to admit, with the moral as well as the
intellectual nature, and depends on temperament to
some extent. But it is an intellectual quality also,
and as such the result of experience and mental training.
The first condition is to get clearly and exactly the
facts before you; the next, to use the reasoning faculties
upon them. Now, it is in enabling men to do these things
that school teaching is mainly useful. Whether the form
adopted be mathematical—the study of figures and symbols,
or the study of language—the intention is the same. Ques-
tions
properly put will discover whether memory and atten-
tion have been exercised in supplying the materials for an-
swers, and whether those materials have been turned to
account—whether what has been read has been digested
also. And here let me say that I think the duty of an exa-
miner is to give the least possible prominence to—he cannot
exclude altogether—such questions as test the mere me-
chanical power of recollecting only, without any indepen-
dent action of the answerer's mind. (Applause.) You dont
want to know what a boy has learnt by rote ; you want to
see what use he can make of it That test is equally applied
wliether a lad is set to show his knowledge of a foreign
language, or to work a mathematical problem. But it is not
applied when the thing he is required to do is to answer a
variety of queries as to facts and dates, not always in them-
selves important, which may be, and often are, got up for
the occasion, and forgotten directly after.. (Cheers.) That
kind of cramming, for it is nothing else, has no doubt the
merit of saving trouble to the teachers ; but it is mental la-
bour and training of the lowest kind, and is more apt than
anything else to create a disgust to reading in after life.
(Hear.) I notice this all the more because some reterence is
made to the subject in the last Oxford report on these exa-
minations. I find the examiners say of the theological
teaching, " By far the most general defect was the almost
entire absence of any intelligent knowledge" of the matters
which had been verbally learnt. They go on--" Words
which boys use or hear every Sunday convey either no
meaning to their minds or a wrong one." Of the mathe-
matical part they say that "it is generally sufficient
in quantity, but there is a want of intelligence displayed
wherever the text is reproduced verbatim," In an earlier
rep at they speak of candidates who have " a verbal ac-
quaintance with the rules of grammer, but who utterly fail
in their application." And they end with a sentence which
conveys the whole moral of that which I have been trying
to urge upon you. " More marks would be gained and the
process would be more beneficial to the candidates were they
to confine their reading within narrower limits, selecting
one or mere of the optional subjects and learning them tho-
roughly, instead of endeavouring to obtain a less acquaint-
ance with the whole." (Hear. hear.)- Now, lam glad to
cite these passages, partly for their own value, partly also
because they answer an objection which I have often heard
—that examinations promote cramming; meaning by that
word a temporary pretence of knowledge which is got up to
serve a special purpose, and useless in all other respects.
Not only do I believe that not to be the truth, but I believe
it is the very opposite of the truth. Cramming implies just
that show and parade of things superficia'ly acquired which
may impose upon parents who have forgotten their own
early teaching, but which will never impose on an examiner
who understands his business. (Hear.) The fault or the ten-
dency to the fault is in the school; the detection of it is the
duty of the examiner who tests the school. There is one
more word I have to say on a matter connected with
this. Many sensible people are afraid that by the in.-
creased stimulus of a wider competition we shall tempt
young boys to hurt their health by over-reading. That
is a reasonable apprehension, but it admits of an answer.
Overwork is seldom good work. We used to say when I
was an undergraduate at Cambridge that anybody who
had it in him to become a senior wrangler might become
one—that is, might obtain the highest distinction in one
kind which the university can give—by reading steadily
six hours a day. I believe that was true, and I hold it
certain that those, whether boys or men, who hurt their
health by over-study are not those who labour steadily, or at
a moderate pace, but those who neglect healthy exercise
and care in other respects, and more especially those who.
having been idlers for the greater part of their time, try
and make up lost ground by a desperate push at the last.
(Hear.) And now a word as to the success which these ex-
aminations have met with. It has been stated in the report
that after the first year (1858) the number of candidates fell
off, and has only just reached its original level. The
juniors were 750 in 1858, 573 in 1850, and 762 in the past
year. Does that imply failure I think not. It shows
that a great many came up not in the least knowing what
to expect, and having had some unpleasant experience in
the first year did not care to try again. (A laugh.) Out
of the first 750 only 280 passed, and no wonder that there
should have been some reluctance to incur such exposure.
But the effect has been good; for of the 762 who went up
last year 487 have passed, being a proportion of about 64
per cent., whereas the proportion in 1858 was only 31 per
cent. I take the returns of the junior candidates only in
order not to multiply figures; but the others would give a
similar general result. Ycu cannot have a better mea-
sure of the improvement in the art of teaching which
those yearly comparisons between school and school have
created ; and when one considers that no class of men,
however excellent, like to have their pretensions criticised
and their shoreconcings made public, least of all those who
exercise a kind of authority on a small scale, it seems to me
singular, and creditable to the schoolmasters as a body, that
so little opposition has been made in any quarter to the
whole scheme. I shall detain you no further, but only men-
tion before I sit down that Manchester holds in these exami-
nations, as might be expected from the character of its
people, a place considerably higher than the average. You
sent up last year 157 candidates in all out of 1,029 from all
parts of England—that is, in round numbers, more than one-
seventh ; and if I assume that for this pur-
pose
wrelperesents all the neighbouring towns, with
of
Manchester the ho
a population of perhaps a million altogether (Liverpool and
Leeds being both rival centres), you will have one-seventh
of the total number of students from one-twentieth of the
total population. So much for the numbers examined.
In point of success you stand a little, though only a little,
above the average, having passed 68 per cent. as compared
with a general average of 61 per cent. lam justified, there-
fore, in affirming that on your part a certain superiority
exists. But while I say that I must add also that, as a
Lancashire man, I shall not be satisfied, and I think you
ought not to be satisfied, until we make it more marked and
more decisive. (Cheers.) It rests with yon to accomplish
that ; the power is there. The will lam certain is not
wanting; all that is needed is to keep alive a strong and
healthy public interest in the matter, and that such interest
exists your presence here, the numbers that have met in
this room to-day, the character of this audience, and the
increasing popularity of these yearly gatherings aro a suffi-
cient and satisfactory proof. (Loud applause.)
Mr. BAILEY, M P., and Mr. TURNER, M P., briefly ad-
dressed the meeting. Mr. sender, M.P., was also present.
A vote of thanks to Lord Stanley for presiding termi-
nated the proceedings.

;lligence.

THE NAVY.

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Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,
T
" WIFE'S EVIDENCE.
By W. G. WILLS.
" The absorbing interest of the story will make this tale
deservedly popular."—Spectator.
"A very powerful and interesting novel." —Sun.
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great lia,lborough-street.

8, GREAT WINDMILL-STREET. W.
Observe the Red Seal, Pink Label, and Cork branded
'Kinahan's LL Whisky."

THE WELLINGTON THREE SHILLING
DINNER, consisting of Soup, Fish, Made Dish, Joint,
Sweet, ac.. is served daily from 3 to 9 p.m., and on Sunday
from 5 to half-past S p.m.

Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,
BARBARA'S HISTORY.
By AMELIA B. EDWAItDS.
"If Miss Edwards goes on writing such stories as Bar-
bara's History' she will on some bright day of a lucky Qeasou
wake up nd find herself famous. We give her full ertdit
for havinga written a thoroughly readable and deeply inter-
esting novel."--Athenaeum.
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

JOHN CATES, Manager.
The Wellington, St. James's-street.
Entrance, 160, Piccadilly.

ONE THOUSAND POUNDS REWARD
The undermentioned BANK of ENGLAND NOTES
were (with others) fraudulently obtained in London on the
29th thy of Auf,rust, 1863, by S•gmund Ditrichstein, late of
the Jamaica Coffee-house and of Worthing. who absconded,
and was afterwards arrested in Hungary, viz.:—

Now ready, illustrated by Millais, ss. bound,
CHEAP EDITION OF LOST AND SAVED
by the Hon. Mrs. NORTON, forming the New Vo ume
of "HURST and BLACKETT's STANDARD LIBRARY."
" A novel of rare excellence, with a brave soul speaking
through it. It is Mrs. Norton's best prose work."—Examiner.
Hurst and Black,tt, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

3of £2OO, Nos. 85128, 85129, andi Dated 4th July, 1862.
84x54...
26 of £lOO, Nos. 42635 to 42654, and 1 19th May, 1863.
12590 t 042696 5 ~
26 of £5O, Nos. 88309, 88311, to
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Nos. 85320 to 88329 „ 20th April, 1863.
Nos. 83332 and 88339 to
88346

51 of £2O, Nos. 22451 to r07g09 and 1
~ 21st July, 1863.

wHAT TO DO WITH THE COLD
MUTTON. Price 2s. Od.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

Payment of all the said notes has been stopped.
Wnoever will give su,.,h information as shall lead to the re-
covery of the Bank notes above particularised shall receive a
reward of £l,OOO, o- a proportionate part thereof, according
to the amount recovered. Information to b., given to Messrs.
K. and S. Mullens, Sol citors, 7, Poultry, London, E.C., or to
Inspector Hamilton, Detective Police-office, 26, Old Jewry,
London, E.C.
London, Ist January, 1861.

E VERY BOD Y' S PUDDING BOOK
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Richard Bentley, N ew Burlington-street.

THE LADY'S DESSERT BOOK,
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Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

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Lord Stanley on the Oxford Local Exami

nations.

Lord Stanley, M.P., in distributing the prizes, yesterday
afternoon, to the successful competitors at the Oxford local
examinations at Manchester, said :—Ladies and gentlemen,
—Having finished the main part of the business of the day
—the distribution of prizes—you will expect me, perhaps,
to address a few words to you as to the general purpose and
working of these so-called local examinations. It is easy to
explain why it has been thought expedient that examina-
tions' of this kind should be held. Great efforts, we all
know, have been and are being made for the improvement
and extension of school teaching among the lower and
labouring classes. Large sums are voted, private liberality
is stimulated and rewarded by State grants, the clergy, the
landowners, and the manufacturing employers are inces-
santly called upon to assist, and though the quality of the
teaching given may not be all that we could desire, and
though in large towns especially considerable sections of
the population still remain unprovided for, yet, on the
whole, comparing the present with the past, and compar-
ing ourselves with foreigners, we are entitled to say that
England, which 30 years ago was far behind Conti-
nental Europe in educational matters, now holds her own
with any country in the world. (Cheers.) For the higher
and wealthier classes, again, the great public schools and
the old collegiate foundations of the country supply educa-
tion of a suitable character. Whether these means are taken
advantage of to the utmost is another matter ; the Public
Schools Commission, when it comes to report, will tell us
something about that ; but at any rate, if anything is amiss
those classes have the remedy in their own hands. (Hear.)
But between the highest and the lowest, between those who
send their sons to Eton, to Harrow, or to Rugby, and those
whose children attend the village school, there is a class
numerically far larger than the highest, and both politically
and socially not less important than the labouring classes.
The want of good schools for the sons of farmers, of yeomen,
of tradesmen, of clerks, of men having incomes from £l5O
to £5OO a year—though this distinction is necessarily both
imperfect and inaccurate— the want, in short, of what are
known as good middle-class schools is an evil which has
been long understood and felt, though lees felt perhaps
than it ought to have been by those whom it chiefly affects
With the exception of a few grammar schools here and there
the business has been loft to private enterprise. And there
could be nothing better if only the buyer were always qua-
lified to judge of the article in which he invests, but that is
not the case. Many fathers have not the leisure or the will
to investigate very carefully the qualifications of the school-
master. Those who have made their own way in the world,
and happily they are a class more numerous in England
than in any other country, except perhaps the colonies—
naturally wish their children to have a better education
than they had themselves. And they are willing to give a
good price, but they are liable to be duped by any confi-
dent pretender, and they went some test by which to know
a good school from a bad one. That test is supplied by
these examinations. Ido not hesitate to say that during
the six years of their existence they have done more
to expose bad schools and to bring good ones into
notice than any other machinery that could be devised for
the purpose—(cheers)—for they have put not the lads but
their masters upon their trial, and it is not easy to see in
our state of society what other agency could have accom-
plished so much. Government inspection is very well for
schools that get help from the State, and great national
foundations, such as the universities and public schools,
may from time to time be subjected to the supervision—
csutiously and monerately exercised—of Parliament or of
the Executive, but we should never endure in England to
have Government interfering with private teaching estab-
lishments, and I may say for one that we ought not to en-
dure it. (Hear.) The plan that has been adopted is open
to no such objection. It is perfectly voluntary. No school
need send any candidates unless the masters choose. It
implies no independence, and it leaves the teaching abso-
lutely free. It simply marks out for honour and distinction
those schools in which the most accurate and effective
teaching is given ; for I believe it will be found that in this
as in all such trials, where they are properly managed, suc-
cess depends far less on the amount which is supposed to be
known than on the thoroughness of the knowledge attained.
(Cheers.) It is in that respect that our University system
is thoroughly sound and good. There will always be dis-
putes as to what are the fittest subjects for boys and young
Men to study—for the field is vast, time is short, and life is
busy; but I think there can be no dispute as to the sound-
ness of the rule which every Oxford or Cambridge exami-
ner lays down—to take no account of, to ignore and pass
over altogether any answer which is not accurate and pre-
cise as far as it goes.. That is, I think, the very best part
of mental training that University men get in early life.
To know what it is we know, and where our knowledge
ends use the plainest and most simple English words
that will convey the meaning, neither more nor less—to
avoid vague general terms, which carry with them no defi-
nite idea, but only sound well, and remind one of what is
called " fine writing"—these are the marks by which we in-
stinctively know an educated from a half-edueated man,
whether in his writing or in his speech. And why ? Because
these are the signs of a man having mastered his subject,of
his having trained himselt to think and to express his
thoughts. (Cheers.) And when a man has done that, he
is sure to be worth hearing. The misfortune is that we so
often come across people who can find words about anything
and everything—words which in the mouths of those from
whom they picked them up had a very real and definite sig-
nificance, but which are repeated with only a half under-
standing of what they imply. (Hear.) I think that habit
of talking and thinking at second hand is ono which our
customs in the present day necessarily encourage. Nobody
doubts that there is a vast amount of mental activity in
English society; everything is written about, everything
is discussed, conversation and reading spread themselves
over a range of topics which would have utterly astonished
and perplexed our forefathers. The first- class newspapers
alone are probably read collectively by more than half a mil-
lion persons—l speak of those only who read them habitually
and with understanding. Ido not Etter that such a state of
things is unfavourable to original thought. Original thinkers
are rare in every time, and they can take care of themselves.
However thick the crowd may be, there is always room for
those who can pass over other men's heads. And Ido not
complain of the great mass of half-knowledge, and superfi-
cial knowledge,for that is better than mere lethergy and stag-
nation. But undoubtedly our intellectual dangers in the pre-
sent day lie not on the side of a culture too narrow and exclu-
sive, as formerly, but rather on that of spreading our atten-
tion over 100 subjects instead of concentrating it upon a few.
Perhaps you will think that in saying this 1 am forgetting
the question of schools; but I advert to it because it is a
part of my case. As the boy is so is the man. Accuracy
and thoroughness rather than variety and superficiality is

BEAUTIFUL FOR EVER.
MADAME RACHEL ON "FEMALE GRACE AND BEAUTY."
Just published,
ABOOK OF BEAUTY.
By Madame RACHEL.
To be had at 47A, New Bond-strcet. Price 2s. 6d.

T H E
0 X F O R D,
R, OXFORD STREET, IV.
THIS EVENING, will be performed Selections from the
following Operas, viz., THE SLAVE, by Sir H. Bishop
also, from LA FORZ A. DEL DES LlNO—Verdi ; by the fol-
lowing talented artistes .—Misses Russell. Townley, Fitz-
Henry, Vs Amsley, Tyrrell, and Ellison ; Messrs. Green,
Huish, Kimh•rley, Stuart, ctc.
Solos on the Violin by VIOTTI COLLINS. the cele-
brated English Violinist.
Flute by Drew Dean. Pianoforte, Miss Bryant.
And the marvellous instrument, the ORCIIESTRA.L
PIANO, by Herr SCHALKENBACH, the Inventor.
Comedy, by UNSWORT IT ("or any oilier man"), Eugene,
W. Randall,W. T. Critchfield, T. Michigan, George Hutchen-
son, and the marvellous Gymnasts, Messrs. Berri, Leach,
and Foster.
THIS EVENING, will be produced, supported by the
entire company, a new and original Cantat t, entitled "King
Christmas." written by Litchfield Moseley, Esq. and com-
posed by W. Meyer Lutz, expressly for the establishment.

Director, Mr. F. Jonghmans.

CANTERBURY HALL—THE GHOST in the
MAGIC FOUNTAINS, surpassing any of the Trans-
I wmation Scenes tf the Season—one of the most beautiful
cfrects ever produced. The scene, " The Temp. 4 ;" Ariel,
Miss E. Townley. The fl'ght of Ariel through the Fairy
Fountains is certainly a triumph of art.—Vide Public i'ress.
All the other Musical and Pictorial attractions of the
Estab ishment as usual, including Operatic Selections, &c.
Comedy by Utsworth (the great Stump Orator), Eugene, W.
Randall, G. Hutchenson, J. Jester, T. Maclagan, &c.
Admission, 6d. ; Stalls and Balcony, Is.
Open every Evening.

1:1, 0Y A L ALHAM BR A.-FRANCONI'S
GRAND CIRQUE IMPERIAL, EVERY EVENING,
at Half-past Seven ; Monday. Wednesday, and Saturday, at
Two. "This trouae is certainly one of the best we have had
in England for some years. The Cirque Imperial may safely
count on a long career of prosperity in London."—The Times.

MADAME TUSSAUD'S HISTORICAL
GALLERY ; established 28 years at the Bazaar,
Baker-street —Great Treat for the Juveniles during the
Holidays.—The series of Models of the Kings of England,
from the Conqueror to that of her present Majesty, attired in
the magnificent costumes of their respective periods, Is now
near y complete ; and in the Chamber of Physiognomy are
several new additions. Admission, s. ; extra rooms, Gd.
Open from 11 till dusk, and from 7 till 10.

ARGYLL ROOMS,
Windmill-street, Hay-
market.
NOTICE. —M. JULLIN'S PROMENADE CONCERTS
will be continued at the aEbove elegant rooms.
Admission le.
Conductor—M. JULLIEN.
Solo Performers—Messrs. Mosel, Tyler, Horton, Snelling,
Progratski, M'Kenney, &c.
Doors Open at 8, commence
Manat half-past.
ager, M. GItENET.

20, GEORGE-STREET, HANOVER-SQUARE.
THE LONDON ANATOMICAL MUSEUM.
Open daily front 10 till 10. Lectures at 4 and 7
o'clock. Where may be seen the Asters Bushan and
wife; Julia Pastrana and Infant; Eng and ang, the
Siamese Twins; and upwards of 3,000 Models, Natural Pre-
parations, Egyptian Mummies, unwrapped, 4,000 years
old. Admission, One kihilling tor Gentlemen only).

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EXHIBITION, 1862.
FRANCIS TUCKER Sr CO., Wax Chandlers, ,
To the Queen and the Prince of Wales.
(Established 1720.)
The Jurors' Report on Wax and Church Candles,
Tin 1862,
testifies to •he excellence of the quality of Messrs. uckers'
manufacture.
A distinguished Dignitary, in a letter addressed to Francis
Tucker and Co., on the subject of
WAX CANDLES with PLATTED WICKS,
says :
" I have found them fully equal toy he recommendation
which you gave them, and can sincerel in my turn -
mend them to the clergy for the use of the altar."
Finest quality, with Platted Wicks, patented.. 28.; d. per
lb.
lb
Ordinary quality •• •• •• •• •• Od.er
VEGETABLE CANDLES, with a Mixture of Wax.
Best quality • • • • • • .• .. .. Is. sd. per lb.
Second quality • • .. is. 31 per lb.
Third quality • • Is. id. per lb.
Carriage paid in London on Orders of Five Pounds in value.
FRANCIS TUCK ER AND CO.,
8, South Molton-street, Grosvenor-square. Manufactory—
Kensington (Established 1730).
The largest Establislirmnt in England for the Manufacture
of Wam Candles for the use of the Altar.

IFEBOAT SERVICES.—During the recent
L heavy gales some of the t oats of the Royal National
Lifeboat Institution have been instrumental in rescuing the
crews of the following wrecked vessels :—Schooner Theophi-
his, of Aberdeen, 5 men; barque Tamworth, of Norway, 17;
schooner Northern Lights, of Preston,; pilot boat, of St
Ives, 7 ; schooner Arlon, of Workington, 4 ; schooner Gipsy,
of Drogheda, 4; smack Saucy Jack, of Inverness, 1 ; barque
Marietta, of Lisbon, 1 ; fishing boat, of Filey, 2 ; Tenby
fishing boat, 3; and barque Providence, of DiElltZiC, 7. Total
lives saved, 55. The lifeboats also assisted in bringing safely
into port, with their crews, consisting of 29 men, the Italian
brig Camoglino, the schooner Sir Colin Campbell, of Whitby,
the schooner Guilts, of Palermo, and the ketch Snip, of Am-
sterdam. The Weboats also went off in reply to signals of
distress on fourteen occasions, but their services were not
ultimately required. The amount of reward p id for all
these services was £216.
The Committee of the Institutionearnesry AP PEAL to the
public for ASSISTANT to enable them to meet the con-
tinued heavy demands on the Society's 125 Mel) •at estab-
lishments. Contributions are receiv, d by all the London
aid count, y beakers ; and by the Secretary, 1 hi
Eichard Lewis,
Esq., at the Institution, 14, John-street L9uclon.

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The National Shakspere Committee.

The following report oi' the National Shakapere
Committee was read at the meeting held at the
office of the Society of Arts on Monday
In the early part of last year it had become evident that
a great many persons desired to mark, by some national act,
the completion of 300 years from the date of Shakspere's
birth. A Shakepere committee, which had been formed in
connection with an attempt to increase the fund for pur-
chasing New Place, discussed the subject early in May. A
number of gentlemen meeting at Sr. John's-gate had formed
a provisional committee, of which they offered the presi-
dency to Mr. Dickens. Another committee. with the name
of Mr. Macready as. president, was announced in the public
prints. Some zealous friends of the Dramatic College had
put themselves in communicationwith the Duke of Devon-
shire. The Dramatic Authors',Society were discussing the
line of action which it would become them to take. There
were some other centres of honourable activity in the com-
mon cause. These several bodies proposed to celebrate the
national fact in the national capital ; two of them at least
proposed to do so by erecting a statue.
While these measures were being taken, 'without much
concert., in London, a meeting was convened in Stratford
(May 28), Lord Leigh, Lord Lieutenant of Warwickshire,
presiding, to censider what should be done. Among other
things, a statue was suggested. Sir Robert Hamilton,
chairman of the local committee, urged that it might be
proper to have a statue in London, whet e he told the meet-
ing it was intended to erect one, but was not proper in
Stratford, which had the poet's birthplace, his garden, and
his tomb. The Mayor of Stratford spoke against a statue,
and Lord Leigh voted against it. The proposal was rejected
by a formal vote.
The Shakspere Committee, which had been formed to
increase the fund for purchasing New Place, agreeing with
the vote of that Stratford meeting, and with the)express
desire of all the London committees, that a national monu-
ment should be erected in the metropolis, convened a meet-
ing at the apartmeats of the Royal Society of Literature.
The meeting was held on the 22d of June, the Duke of Man-
chester in the chair, when resolutions were passed to the
following effect :—(1.) That the 300th birthday of the poet
should be celebrated by laying the first stone of a monument
in a conspicuous part of London ; (2) That, to be worthy
of Shakspere and of the country, this celebration should be
conducted under the sanction of her Majesty and the presi-
dency of the Prince of Wales, with the ail of all classes of
the poet's countrymen and admirers; (3) That the existing
committee, consisting of the Dukes of Devonshire, Man-
chester, and Newcastle, a dozen earls and barons, two
bishops, two judges, 12 members of the House of Commons,
and 30 other gentlemen, including the Lord Mayor of Lon-
don and the Mayor of Stratford, should invite the concur-
rence of other bodies, and of eminent individuals, in carry
ing out the common wish. Sir Robert Hamilton, then and
now chairman of the Stratford Committee, proposed the
second of these resolutions. The Stratford Committee had
decided against a statue ; and their chair Man assisted in
founding the National Shakapere Committee, the object of
which was to erect one in London. This statement of facts
is sufficient to show that no feeling of hostility to Stratford
presided over the organisation of the National Committee.
Those who founded the National Committee had been pre-
viously engaged in raising a fund to complete the purchase
of New Place, and make that property over to the town.
Their goodwill to Stratford can therefore admit of no doubt.
Some of them, while pursuing the more important national
object, have also given to Stratford their names, their money,
and their time. Indeed, the president, the chairmen, and four
or five vice-presidents of the local body are all prominent
officers and members of the National Committee.
The committee, founded at Midsummer, has drawn to a
common centre all the active promoters of a celebration in
London, and has given the signal for many other towns, at
home and in the colonies, to act. A deputation from the Ur •
ban Club and from the Dramatic Authors' Society offered to
coalesce, and their offers have been accepted. The eminent
persons who had been named as presidents of other associ-
ations—Mr Dickens, Lord Carlisle, and Mr Macready—
have been invited to act as vice-presidents, an invite. ion.
which in every case has been courteously. accepted. All
separate schemes having thus been placed under the control
of a single body, the committee has grown into such maga,'
tude and variety that it would probably be right to describe
it even now as in come degree a representation of English
thote)et. At this moment the National Shakspere Com-
mittee consists of about 400 persons, each more or less
eminent in his own walk of life. Every great branch of our
many-aided society has a delegat at the board.
The Church is represented by the Archbishops of Canter-
bury, York, and Dublin, by the Bishops of London, Wor-
cester and St. David's, by the Deans of Canterbury,
Westminster, St. Paul's, and Chichester, and by many
distinguished clergymen.
Law is represented by Lord Chief Baron Pollock and
Lord Justice Knight Bruce, by the Queen's Advocate, her
Majesty's Attorney general, the Chief Justice of Guiana,
Sir Fitzroy Kelly, Sir Hugh M. Cairns, Mr. Serjeent Parry,
and many eminent barristers.
The univen.ities are represented by the Dake of Devon-
shire, Lord Brougham, the Master of Trinity, Professor
Goldwin Smith, and the Rev W. G. Clark.
Government is represented by the Duke of Newcastle,
Earl Granville, Earl Russell, and the Right lion. William

Cowper.
The House of Lords is represented, independently of the
peers already named, by the Dukes of Manchester and Cleve-
land, the Marquis Townsheud, the Earl of Shrewsbury,
C larendon, Howe, Sandwich, and Dunraven, Viscounts
Eversley and Stratford de Radcliffe, and by Lord do Lisle
and Dudley, Londesborough, Houghton, and Vernon.
The non-official members of the House of Commons are
represented by Lord Ernest Bruce, Lord John Manners,
the Right Hon. Spencer Walpole, Sir Joseph Paxton, Mr
Alderman Salmons, Colonel Sykes, and Messrs. Bexley,
Swart, Gotichen, Halibutton, Holford, Newdegate, Rose,
Scholefield, Sheridan, Taylor, Tits, and Wynne:
The Nonconformist clergy are represented by the Rev
Principal of the Regent's-park College, the Rev Principal
of Cheahunt College, the Revs Henry Allen, Thomas Ave-
ling, Wm. Brook, Baldwin Brown, G. B. Babier, John
Stoughton, and Dr Robert Vaughan.
The Jews are represented by the Chief Rabbi, Dr Adler.
Ireland is represented by the Lord Lieutenant, the Arch.
bishop of Dublin, the Dean of the Royal Chapel, Lord Tal-
bot of Malahide, and the President of the Royal Irish
Academy.
Scotland is represented by the Chancellor of the Univer-
sity of Edinburgh, Dean Ramsay, Lord Neaves, the Prin-
cipal of the -University of Edinburgh, and. the Sheriff of
Midlothian.
General literature and the press may be said to be repre-
sented, amongst others, by the President of the Society of
Antiquaries, the President of the Statistical Society, the
President of the Numismatic Society, Mr Charles Dickans,
vice-president ; the Poet- Laureate, vice-president ; Lord
Houghton, Lord Lindsay, Sir Frederic) Madden, Sir James
Prior, Professor Brewer, Professor Masson, Dr Doran;
Messrs William Allinghara, Mathew Arnold, G. P. Bacon,
G.L. Banks, H. N.,Barnett, R. Bell, Algernon Borthwick,
Charles Kent, Shirley Brooks, Chevalier de Chatelain,
W. H. Collingridge, 1). Costello, E. Dicey, J. H. Fria-
well, C. W. Goodwin, James Grant, T. C. Grattan, C. L.
Gruneisen, S. C. Hall, T. D. Hardy, J. A. Heraud, T.
Hood, J. Hollingshed, Thornton Hunt, B. Jerrold, J. W.
Kaye, C. L. Kenney, J. Knight, F. Lawrence, G. C.
Leighton, Mark Lemon, B. Levy, J. Lowe, S. Lucas, C.
Mackay, Theodore Martin, Herman Merivale, H. Morley,
H. Ottley, Henry Reeve, J. F, Robertson, W. H. Russell,
G. A. Sala, W. J. Thorns, H, Vizstelly, J. WalKer, W.
H. Willa, Thomas Wright, and Edmund Yates.
Shaksperian literature is represented by the Rev Alex.
Dyes, Rev W. G. Clark, Rev Wm. Harness, Professor
Craig, Messrs Cowden Clarke, Payne Collier, and Charles
Knight,
Dramatic literature is represented by Sir E. B. Lytton,
Bart., Messrs Bayle Bernard, E. L. Blanchard, Leicester
Buckingham, F. C. Burnand, H. J. Byron, Stirling Coyne,
Andrew Halliday, George Lovell, Westland Marston.
John.Oxenford, J. R. Planche, Palgrave Simpson, and the
Rev J. C. Bellew.
Science is represented by the president of the Royal So.
ciety, Sir David Brewster, Professor Owen, Professor
Thomson, Dr Angus Smith, Dr Charles Beke, Messrs R,
Chambers, Warren de la Rue, and George Godwin.
Art is represented by the president of the Royal Aca-
demy, the president of the Society of British Artists, the
president of the Architectural Museum ; Messrs Richard
Ausdell, E. H. Baily, E. W. Cooke, George Cruikehank,
Joseph Durham, Alfred Elmore, Thomas Fead, J. H.
Foley, W. E. Frost, S. A. Hart, John Leighton, Daniel
Maclise, W. Calder Marshall, David Roberts, Clarkson
Stanfield, G. M. Ward, and Professor Westmacott.
Music is represented by Sir Fred. G. Ouseley, Oxford;
Dr E. G. Monk, York; Professor Sterndale Bennett, Mr
M. W. Balfe, M. Jules Benedict, Mr J. W. Davison, M.
Otto Golischmidt, Messrs G. A. Macfarren. G. W. Martin,
Sims Reeves, W. Vincent Wallace, and Dr Rinabault.
Dramatic art is represented by Messrs James Anderson,
J. B. Buckstone, William Creswick, Edmund Falconer,
Charles Fechter, Charles Kean, W. C. Macready, Henry
Marston, Samuel Phelps, 3. L. Toole, George Vining, Ben-
jamin Webster, and Alfred Wigan.
The City of London is, for the moment, represented by
the Lord Mayor, Mr Alderman Rose (late Lord Mayor),
Mr Alderman Bailey, Mr Alderman Salomons, Messrs
W. F, Cosens, G. R. Gachen, M.P., Henry Huth, Henry
Jonnson, E. H. Lawrence (Stock Exchange), W. Leaf, and
George Peabody.
The organisation is only just commencing in the country;
but the following cities and towns are already represented
on the committee :—Aruntiel, by the Mayor. Belfast, by
Professer Craik. Birmingham, by Mr. Win. Scholefield,
M.P., Mr T. Lloyd, Id.F., and Mr George Dawson, M,A.