The Sun.
London, England, 1852-09-29 00:00:00

LONDON, WED.NESDAY

houses would be required either for Galway or tht
Shannon, but as they would be desirable under any
circumstances, they may for the present be eliminated
from the equation.

In point of situation—and that after all is the
great question to be decided—the committee unani-
mously give a decided preference to the Shannon ;
and they are justified in so doing by the arguments
put forward in the report, to which we would
earnestly invite the attention of all persons interested
in the subject of more speedy communication with
America.

Nevertheless, as we have already stated, the claims of
Valentia, the most westerly harbour of Europe, and
shortest possible line of communication with America,
have been disregarded. The report of the late
lamented Commander 'WOLFE, after a careful survey
of that port, shows how eminently suited it is fur the
required purpose. It possesses " sufficient area of
deep water for all the steamers in the navy." " The
shelter from all points is not to be surpassed in any
harbour, and the holding ground is of the best de-
scription—mud and sand."

The narrowness of the entrance constitutes the only
real difficulty, and that was not regarded by Com-
mander WoLFE as very formidable. He says, " al-
though in heavy north-west gales there will appear
from outside a line of breakers across the en-
trance, yet a well-conditioned steamer may safely
be carried through, and a good leading mark
may be easily established, which may be fearlessly run
upon. I have watched it in heavy weather, and never
saw a continuous break. It is matter of doubt whe-
ther the passage of the Needles is not on the whole
more difficult and intricate than this entrance."

With respect to the railway accommodation,
the line from Mallow to Killarney is now in course
of construction, and will speedily be completed;
and an Act has been obtained, and a company formed
for the purpose of extending it to Valentia.
Should it be considered advisable in any case
for vessels to touch a westerly port, in order
that important intelligence might be transmitted,
Valentia would possess an incalculable superiority,
as very little delay would be occasioned in pro-
ceeding to the ultimate port of destination. On this
point the contest would certainly lie between
Valentia, Berehaven, and Cork.
We have no doubt that the matter will be fully
discussed in Parliament, and it is of too much impor-
tance to the best interests of the nation to let local
influence or jobbery prevail. Our only object is that
the best and most suitable point should be selected—
that the coveted prize should be bestowed on the most
eligible claimant.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

The French mail had not arrived at the time of
our going to press.
'We learn the following by electric telegraph :
MM. TRIDAUD and JAPPY, the Ministerial candi-
dates, have been elected for the third and fourth cir-
cumscriptions of Paris, in place of CAVAIGNAC and
CARNOT, resigned.
CABIAS, the Ministerial candidate, is elected at
Lyons.

With regard to the system adopted in the construc-
tion of the infernal machine seized at Marseilles, we
are informed that it resembles greatlythat made use:of
in 1835, by FIESCIII, excepting that the number of
cannons is more considerable, and consequently the
effect would have been more terrible.
FIESCHI'S machine had only a single range of can-
non. The present represents a parallelogram, the
top of which has 26 cannon. Beneath and on either
side are two compartments, in which are four rows of
12 cannon each, making 48 cannon for each compart-
ment. In the centre of the bottom there are two
tromblons. All the cannon are about from 30 to 35
centimetres long. They are made in pasteboard,
lined with metal. The compartments are strongly
held together with screws. A sulphured match is so
placed as to be able to let off all the cannons at the
same time. Thus the explosion would be terrible and
instantaneous. _ _

The theatrical censors have of late become un-
usually strict in Paris. A piece was to be acted for
the first time at the Porte St. Martin Theatre yes-
terday, which has been so often altered by the censors
that very little of the original work of the author re-
mains. The drama is called Richard 111., and the
author is M. VICTOR SRGOCR. The principal objec-
tion made to the piece was that the character of the
hero was drawn in too strong colours, and more espe-
cially that he was represented as too ambitious. The
words tyran and usurpateur, which occurred in some
of the scenes, were ordered to be struck out, and at
the end of the piece the cry of "Vive la Rose blanche"
was suppressed, as an expression which might be mis-
understood.

The vintage has commenced in the south and in
some of the vineyards on the Loire and in Cham-
pagne. The produce in Languedoc is regarded as
of such bad quality that there is a pressing de-
mand for old wine, which has risen considerably.
Old wines have risen full fifty per cent. in price
within a month. At Angouleme, in the Charente,
red wine is worth 40f. the two hectolitres. At
Bcaugency it i 3 said that both the quantity and
the quality of the wine is but middling. Letters
from Bordeaux announce a general rise in the
price of wine, with every appearance of a further
advance, as it is feared that the vintage will be infe-
rior both as to quantity and quality. The consign-
ments of wine arriving at Bercy, which have been
scarce for some time, were more numerous last week
from Marseilles, Bordeaux, and Bayonne ; but the
arrivals from Burgundy are rare. It is said that the
wine-growers in that province have but a small stock
remaining in their cellars, and that their demands are
so exorbitant that they can find no buyers. There
has been no change in the price of brandies. The
speculators purchased so largely at the first announce-
ment of a bad vintage, that there is a considerable
quantity on hand.
The following article on the Belgian question ap-
pears in a Ministerial journal of Rouen :
" Even when the relations between France and Bel-
gium had a decided character of intimacy and confi-
dence, the French Government never consented to allow
its hands to be tied, by including coals in a commercial
transaction. It was then perfectly natural that the
Government of the Prince President of the Republic
should reserve to itself the same liberty; and it had
also good cause to feel astonishment that in demand-
ing a right which had been constantly refused it, Bel-
gium, iar from wishing to purchase it by certain con-
cessions, announced the intention of restricting, in
an important point, that of woollens, the clauses of the
preoeeding convention. On the whole, a charge the
more for France, and an advantage the less—such were
the conditions laid down by the Belgian Government for
the prolongation, even temporary, of the system in vigour
since 1845. Whatever was our desire to obtain that pro-
longation, we could not pay much a price for it, and the
negotiations ended simply in the conclusion of a sepa-
rate arrangement for the suppression of piracy, which
was made on the 22d of August last, in exchange
for some reductions of duties on certain Belgian pro-
ductions. The situation was then as clear on one side
as on the other. Belgium freely renounced the nego-
tiation of a new treaty, and we became free to consult,
in the regulation of our tariffs, only the interest of
oar industry. Now, since the cessation of the treaty
those interests have been compromised, not only by the
application of the common law, less favourable than the
treaty, but on account of the privileges which certain
manufactures enjoy in Belgium. The lowness of our
tariff on coals, which wo should not'have modified with-
out grave reasons, constituted for our neighbours a po-
sitive advantage, which we only allowed them to enjoy
because the treaty of 1845 afforded compensations which
we no longer possess. In this state of things the
French Government could not close its ear against
the demands of national commerce, and refrain from
providing means for re-establishing an equilibrium.
These means consisted in the increase of the duty on
the coals and cast iron of Belgium. Before having re-
course to this extremity, it had recourse to a last attempt
at conciliation, and, without disguising from the Belgian
Government the necessity under which a refusal would
place it, proposed to it to carry into effect, purely and
SimPlY, the treaty of 1845 up to the Ist of January next,
appearsnmscu
ar
tt
ie ndf
gr from
ayn
our part the d
and immediate resumption of negotiations for a defi-
nlt e arrangement. These overtures were rejected, how-
ever, and we
sup-
pose that the increase every effort to
lutione. Thia •
found ourselves forced to carry out our reso-
t
ipsr reenstuiltt which woeu
would
sincerely
sr
teagkree tt;obuti
tthheensotrattheeemronenftrooenfsitriteehrotisofacts that we made
andf it
duty on coal and cast-iron
suddenaconstrain measure,
indicating
Government to submit to unacceptable conditions.
In that measure there is neither surprise nor menace;
there is only the exercise of a right which it cannot have
been seriously believed at Brussels that we were not
gteiannded to the provisional Government, when
it rejected entitled to use, and the consequences of which wore
certainly
ted -
calculateddpmand
s whichby the
onlyß el
maintenance of a system inaugurated under a Govern-
ment which was certainly not suspected of malevolence
towards Belgium.
PARIS BOURSE, SEPT. 8 —Closin ri 2 . g p our-
Three and-a-Half per Cents., 104 f.
35c.; per Cents., 78f.
10c.; Bank of France, 2,835 f.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT•THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, SErr. 28.
Charleroi and Erquelines, 16—Dijon and Besancon, 3
Bladrae,
Dutch Rhenish, 61/,—Luxembourg, e.
Paris and Lyons, 22 Paris and Rouen, 34%—Paris and
s
Strasbourg, 29%-Sambre— and Meuse, loi/i
Wet Flan-
ders 4X.

Sir Charles Lyell, the geologist, has arrived at St.
.tricts John's, from England, for the purpcse of visiting the mi fling
soil and of that province, and to ascertain the nature 01' the
geologicah carnations in the; eastern Part oAew
Brtuaavf Wk.

GERMANY.

Th Emperor of AUSTRIA has commissioned the
Minister of Finance to open a communication with
Rome in order that Deg()tuitions May be immediately
entered into between the Papal See and Austria for
the conclusion of a concordat.

The Weiner Zeitung announces that the sum of
25,000,000 of guilders from the new loan of
80,000,000 has been assigned to cover the deficit that
will be occasioned by the withdrawing of paper cur-
rency to that amount on the 29th September, when
200,500,000 florins, partly in Exchequer-bills and
partly in bills upon the Hungarian territorial income,
will be publicly destroyed.
That portion of the new loan which is to be assigned
to railways is to be divided among the different Crown
lands, and a due proportion given to those places
where the works are already in progress. The ',Ay-
hach and Trieste line will accordingly be commenced
early in the spring.
The ratifications of the extradition treaty between
Austria and the Netherlands have been exchanged.
The journals mention the suicide, in prison, of the
Nestor of German thieves, burglars, and swindlers,
by name JOEL FRIEDBERG, who had attained the
seventieth year of his age and the fiftieth of his pro-
fession, and after a most brilliant and successful
career fell recently into the hands of justice, and
Knowing that the remainder of his days must be
passed at hard labour, ended them with a " bare
bodkin." This man, who carried on his depredations
)n an extensive scale, from Posen and Breslau to
Dologne and Frankfort, was implicated (according
;o the notes inscribed in his journals and ledgers) in
almost all the great burglaries, robberies at railway
stations, and so forth, that have been perpetrated in
recent times; and by aid of disguises, and in con-
nexion with his co-religionists, the Hebrew receivers
in various towns, long succeeded in baffling all at-
tempts at detection or capture. It was this man
who, among other feats, picked Dr. HOLLAND'S pocket
of six of Corrrs's 101. circular notes, at the Cologne
station, and Was detected in attempting to sell them
as his legal property to Messrs. OPPENHEIM, the
Frankfort. T.
bankers, of