The Sun.
London, England, 1864-08-13 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 13, 1864.

arquired a great attachment to self government ; at
the same time, there were certain things which
could he done ►hrough the action of the Govern-
ment alone. The Government was the Government
of the who'e country, and could act quite impar-
tially, which no body like the Universities, even
although they might be actuated by the best inten-
tions, could do, connected as they had been so long
with one religious body. He had no further
information on the subject than he gathered
from the newspapers, but a Commission had been
appointed to inquire into the whole subject of
middle•class education. Until the report of this
Commission was issued, it would be unwire to ex-
press any decided opinion upon the subject; at the
same time ho would throw out a few hints for the
consideration of those who might deal with the
matter hereafter. No one would contemplate inter-
ference with schools established by private enter-
prise. With regard to endowed schools, ho believed
they were founded by men in advance of their time,
and that if they could speak now they would be the
last persons to declare that the improvements were
to be introduced into their schools. They had in
view the same objects which we had in view now;
they wished to stimulate good ecucation ; they took
things as they found them, and established what
was then thought the best system of education ;
but, probably if they could speak, they would be
the first to declare that they never intended that
their schools should not be susceptible of improve-
ments. Changes in the letter of what founders of
schools had prescribed should nct, then, be regarded
too jealously, so long as the spirit of what they had
prescribed was adhered to, and so long as the genes
ral principles which they had laid down were re-
spected. While we were right in not allowing the
Government to become possessed of the management
of our affairs, we derived great benefit from inde•
pendent inspection of what we did. Thus we had
appointed inspectors of prisons, mines, and facto-
ries, and in every case in which we had applied
the system we had done so with marked success ;
and even those who had at first offered opposition

in consequence of the interference which they an-
ticipated would be brought to bear up on their
affairs had they themselves acknowledged the great
benefit which they derived from the new policy.
It seemed, then, to be exactly the province of
the Government of a free country to establish
that which, after all, no part of a country could
supply for itself—a general independent inspection
brought to bear upon every part of it. Then, un-
doubtedly, there must be a system of examination
whether it could be best conducted through the
Universities, as at present, or through some other
means must be left to experience to determine. It
would be a great advantage if the connection with
the Universities could be kept up, as certain vener-
able associations were connected with them, and the
stamp of University approval carried with it con-
siderable weight. It was a question for considera-

tion whether, in connection with the Civil Service,
the Society of Apothecaries, the Law Society, and
other bodies, certificates from these local examine-

tione might not be accepted as a sufficient preliaii-
nary test. In conclusion, the noble lord touched
upon the great openings for distinction now afforded
in connect on with the public service, and expressed
a hope that membereof the middle class would take
the matter up, and see that their children were not
deprived of advantages which were absolutely ne-
cessary to them if they were to remain the most
important and governing class in this great country.
(Cheers.)

Notes of thanks to the noble lord and the Rev.
Canon Howell closed the proceedings.

MIDDLESEX SESSIONS, Aug, 12,

Henry Ball, John Patrick, and Clarke Thompson were
placed at the bar charged with stealing 40 bags of chicory,
the property of Alfred Waterhouse.
Messrs Ribton and Poland, instructed by the solicitors to
the Customs, prosecuted.
Mr Sleigh appeared for Patrick, who pleaded guilty; Mr
Piffard and Mr Bexley appeared for Hall and Thompson,
who pleaded not guilty.
Patrick was admitted Queen's evidence.
This case was a very important one. The poisoner Patrick
is a French polisher, and was originally charged with re-
ceiving the chicory from Hall, who is a foreman in the em-
ploy of Mr Middleton, at St. Bride's-wharf, well knowing
it to have been stolen from those premises. The prisoner
Thompson was also in Mr Mi,!dleton's employ as clerk, and
was examined as a witness against Hall and Patrick on the
11th July on behalf of the prosecutor, but was afterwards
given into custody for being concerned in the robbery,
John Patrick then came from the dock into the witness
box, and when examined by Mr Poland, said--I have known
Hall about two years. I have only known Thompson by
seeing him at St. Bride's-wharf. Three or four days
before 27th June Hall told me he had 40 bags of chicory
which he wanted to get away to sell. I was to sell it at £2.0
per ton, and if I sold it for more I could have the differ-
ence. I did not see Thompson upon the matter. It was
arranged between me and Hall that I was to go and fetch
the chicory on Monday, the 27th June. I hired a van, and
went with it accordingly. I left the van in the street under-
neath one of the loop-holes from which goods are delivered.
I passed through the gates myself, and went to the win-
dow of the counting-house, and asked whether there was
an order there for the delivery of 40 bags of chicory. There
were three persons in the Oleo, and two persons on busi-
noes, as I was myself. I will not stew Thompsoh was in
the counting-house, but I think he was. j got the answer
that there was an order, and returned to the van. Forty
bags of chicory were lowered from the top warehouse into
the van; some Of the bags being rotten broke, and I mended
them. Hall must have seen me loading the van. I got a
cart note. I think Thompson was there at the time. I sold
the chicory to Mr B, Smith for £5O. I received £25 on ac-
count, and I gave £22 to Hall, I was taken into custody
on the 30th Juno.

It was proved that Hall set a gang of met to deliver the
chicory; that there were only 37 bags of the right cargo
and weight to be found ; that Thompson dtrected the de-
livery foreman to substitute three bags from another cargo ;
that the delivery foreman gave the owner's order, or what
ought to have been the owner's order, to Thompson,
to take
downstairs to be filed, and that it was in the weight-book at
the time ; so that no sack order was filed ; that there *as no
Customs order filed ; that there was no counterfoil for the
cart-note or pass delivered to Patrick; that Hall visited
Patrick at his lodgings; that Thompson called there once
about ten weeks prior to Hall being apprehended; and that
the Custom-house officer was engaged on the 27th June on
some other business in another part of the warehouse.
Jas. Ryan, also a servant in Mr Middleton's employ, was
examined. He said that on the Ist July Thompson asked
him whether he had assisted to deliver chicory during the
previous week. Mistaking the day, ho said he had, but
really had nothing to d) with these 40 bags. Thompson
then said, "If any man comes and asks you whether you
assisted to deliver any, yea say no; becouse you know what
trouble Hall has got into, If they should further ask you,
say no, to the best of your recollection ; and if you do it, it
will be a dollar in your pocket."
This happened on the Ist.
No one was present when the conversation took place.
His lordship summed up the evidence, after speeehes from
Mr Piefard and Mr Besley for their respective clients. The
jury deliberated about half an hour, and returned a verdict
of guilty against Hall and Thompson. His lordship said,it
was absolutely necessary for the ends of justice, to admit
prisoners as evidence. It was very clear in this case, that
Patrick had been the dupe of others. As to the other pri-
soners, Hall and Thompson, they had betrayed their mas-
ter's trust, and hut for the good character of one of them,
ho should have given them penal servitude—they would
each be imprisoned and kept to hard labour for two years.
John Hyde and Timothy Donovan, labourers, were placed
at the bar, charged with assaulting John Turner, a police-
constable, in the execution of hls duty, and with occasion-
ing actual bodily harm, and for a common assault.
Mr Cooper, with whom was Mr Horry, 'prosecuted, in-
structed by the Treasury. Mr Montague Williams ap-
peared for Donovan ; the other prisoner was undefended.
Mr Inspector Holloway attended to watch the proceed-
ings on behalf of the police.
The facts will be gathered from the following evidence,
by which it will bo seen that this was a very important
case, in consequence of the frequency of assaults upon the
police in the execution of their duty.:
John Turner was called and examined Ly Mr Cooper.
He said—On the 2th June last, and 12 o'clock at night, I
was on duty
in High-street, Wapping. The prisoner Hyde
was fighting with another man. I went up and parted
them. The man in custody than struck me in the
mouth. Hyde stood behind me, struck me on the side
oah
he
said,o up ,
l struckthe _
All
three t h e n
thengot m
of the -head, and knocked me against the shutters. Deno-
svtarnuctklienme
down in the street on my back. I received several kicks
from Hyde and Donovan in the ribs, and also from the other
se.
A°
hee
man not in custody. I then got up and ran backwards to get
out of the crowd. I took out my staff and hit Hyde on the
side of the head as he was coming up to me. My staff flew
out of my hand across the street. Hyde then got me by the
collar, and with two or three others got me down again. I
received several kicks, which have injured me mach. In-
spector Adams of the Thames Police came to my assistance
and pulled Hyde off me as I laid on the ground. As I fell
I received a kick on the shoulder from the man not in cus-
tody of which I still feel the effects, and that is about six
weeks ago, I receives several kicks after Hyde was taken ,

off me. I was picked up by tßvo men in an insensible state.
When 1 recovered myself I sprang my rattle.
Cross-examined by Mr Williams—l am quite sure D ;no-
van and Hyde tlre the same people.
William Adams, inspector of Thames Police, examined by
Mr Cooper, said—On the night in question I was in a shop
in Ilioh-street, Wapping, when I was called to a row out-
side. I went out and saw the last witness lying on his back.
The prisoner Hyde was on the top of him. I seized hold of
him by the collar and pulled him off. I heard shouts of
" kill him." When I got Hyde up, I was knocked down
and struck repeatedly in the face by the prisoner Donovan.
I was dragged on my back, holding Hyde by the leg. I re-
ceived several kicks, and my head was hammered against the
kerbstone. I received a kick on the elbow which caused me
to relcaso Hyde and made me partially insensible. When
I got on my feet the crowd had dispersed.
Cross. examined—l am quite sure Hyde is the same man,
Alfred Young, a butcher, living at 56, High-street, Wap-
ping, said—l was present at the assault spoken to by the
previous witnesses, an: lam certain Timothy Donovan was
there. I had known him before.
Cross examined—l saw Donovan strike Inspector Adams
when ho was on the ground,
After some further evidence,
Mr Montague Williams addressed the jury at some length
for his client Donovan.
The jury, after Mr Payne had summed up the evidence,
returned a verdict of guilty against both prisoners.
Mr Payne, in passing sentence, said this was a very bad
offence, assaulting policemen in the execution of their duty.
As regarded Donovan, he was not so bad as the other pri-
soners, ‘,','L Lo had kicked the policeman when he was down.
The sentence of the Court was, upon Donovan 4 months,
and Hyde, 12 months.

Robert Lake was charged with attempting to rescue a
convict named William Lake, his brother, from the custody
of Lockyor, the prison officer.
Mr Orridge prosecuted, and Mr Montague Williams de-
fended,

The jury thought the prisoner only intended to shake
hands with his brother, and, whilst believing Lockyer, ac-
quitted him.

George Bowden, wearing the light uniform of one of the
Tower Hamlets volunteers, was convicted of a violent
assault with his bayonet upon the person of George Tottel.
The following is the principal evidance :
Geo. Tottel said, on Tuesday enning, the 2d inst, ho was
in the East India.road, near Oriental-street, with a friend,
when they heard a cry of "Police," and some women's
voices calling for protection, Ho went up and saw the pri-
soner struggling with another man. The women made a
complaint, and his friend tried to separate prisoner and the
other man, when the prisoner seized hold of him, and struck
him with his drawn bayonet. It was not a blow, but a
thrust. The prisoner then scratched witness's face. A
policeman then came up, and ho gave the prisoner into
custody.

When at the station-house the prisoner expressed his
regret at what had occurred, and offered to pay any doctor's
bill, as he did not know what he was doing at the time. He
had been to a regimental dinner, and had taken rather too
much.

John Richardson said he was with his friend, the last
witness, The prisoner had his bayonet drawn when he
went up to him. Ile said to him " Well, mate, you had
better put that instrument up." He replied, "You -
I'll put it into you," He seized witness by the collar,
thrust him up against the fence, and drew his hand back
with the bayonet in it as if going to strike with the point
of it. The last witness came up and pushed prisoner away.
The prisoner fell on his back with his head on the road and
his feet on the path. The man who had been struggling
with the prisoner ran away. The last witness ran to hold
him and keep his bayonet down. The prisoner, who was
drunk, was then given into custody.
Benjamin Lovell, 188 K, said he was on duty in the East
India-road, Poplar, at the time this occurred. He heard
some one say " Here.'s a row, let's go and see ; here's a vo-
lunteer with his bayonet drawn." He saw a man run away,
and then saw the prisoner with his bayonet in his hand.
Witness went up to him and asked him to give his bayonet
up, which he refused to do,
After some further evidence,
The Captain of the company to which the prisoner be•
longed, was called, and gave him a good character, and said
he had come from a regimental dinner.
Mr Payne said he could not pass over such an offence as
the prisoner had been guilty of without some punishment,.
which he hoped would be a warning to the prisoner and
other volunteers not to mako use of the weapons that were
placed in their possession ; and if they went to regimental
dinners it would be quite as well if they left their arms at
home, for they could have no use for them at a dinner table.
The sentence upon him was that he be imprisoned for one
month, and enter into his own recoguisances in a sum of
£25 to keep the peace to all her Majesty's subjects for 12
months.
Shocking Discovery at Glasgow,

The Glasgow Herald tells a sad story. Some few years
ago a master mariner, named Stewart, came to live in Glas-
gow, accompanied by two sisters, aged about 44 and 38 years
respectively. Four years ago Captain Stewart died in Africa
and the two sisters shut themselves up in their house, re-
fusing to hold any intercourse with the outer world. On
Wednesday a warrant to search the house was obtained,
and the place was entered by the police, accompanied by two
medical men. On the right of the lobby was seen a dining-
room, parlour, and bedr )om, filled with excellent furniture,
but overlaid with a thick coating of dust, which evidently
had never been disturbed for years. On the left was a
room from which all furniture had been removed, and
the floor of which was covered with a horrid accumula-
tion of refuse and filth of every description. In the kitchen
there were two or three scattered books lying on the dresser.
In the fleeplace were some ashes, but to all appearance there
had been no fire in the grate for a lengthened period, and
the closest scrutiny of the apartment failed to discover any-
thing in the shape of food. The whole of the open rooms
having been examined, the visitors next addressed them-
selves to the closed door of a chamber lying between the
kitchen and the apartment which had been used as an ash-
pit. When they tried to open this door a loud scream
issued from within, and strange shrill voices asked who was
there. Alas war was made to the effect that it was the police,
and a request made that the door should be opened. The
voices responded that the place was the House of God,
that the seal of the Apostle Peter was on the lock, and that
the visitors were not the police, but belonged to the Free
Church, and were sent by the Free Church Presbytery.
It was in vain that the party repeated that they were the
police, and had nothing to do with the Free Cherch ; they
found the inmates of the chamber inexorable, and were at
last obliged to force open the door. They found a darkened
apartment, and, near the door could be observed a haggard
looking female, who made a great outcry about the intrusion,
The other inmate of the room could not at this time bo seen,
but her voice chimed in with that of her companion, and she
was speedily discovered huddled up in a remote corner.
With a good deal of trouble the two wretched creatures
were got out into the lobby, and then into the dusty dining
room. They resisted with what little strength they had,
and earnestly begged that they should not be taken out, that
they should be led back again to the house of God. When
got out into the light the appearance they presented was
shocking in the extreme. They seemed to be emaciated as if
from semi-starvation. Their apparel consisted of some scanty
underclothing, in a filthy condition, and old black merino
wrappers, and no shoes or stockings. Their hands and faces
looked as if they had not been washed for years, and their
hair hung about their faces and over their shoulders in matted
and dishevelled masses. When taken into the dining room
the unhappy creatures became perfectly wild with excite-
ment, They seemed persuaded that their visitors were
spirits, and flung themselves about with the utmost violence
in order to escape from their custody; and it was only when
Dr Liddell threatened to pour some water over their heads
that they became comparatively calm. They still, however,
clung tenaciously to the notion that the party before them
consisted of spirits from the other world, and prayed earnestly
to God to protect them from the spirits that had come to
injure them. In all their words and gestures it was
observed that the younger of the two took the lead, and
that the other repeated with parrot-like imitation whatever

her sister said or did. The younger woman, indeed,
seemed to have established a sort of ascendancy over the
elder, and when the latter attempted to put a word in, as iron
her own footing, her sister would turn sharply about and tell
her to hold her tongue and sit down, as she had lost her mind
—a rebuke which seemed always to be taken with meek ac-
quiescence. After they:had;been some time in the dining room
ono of them fixed her eyes on Mr Superintendent Weal',
and after looking earnestly at him, shouted out, " Newton
of Ayr, Newton of Ayr; are you M'Call's brother of New-
ton of Ayr," and went on to ask our worthy Superinten-
dent of Police if he had been long dead. Mr M'Call tried
to re-assure her, and asked her to feel his hands, and so
ascertain that ho was alive. She refused, however, to touch
him or any one else in the room; and when anyone went
near, she cried to them to stand back, as they were all
spirits. When two policemen in uniform came into the
room they both fastened their eyes eagerly on the bright
buttons, cried out that here were two spirits of the Glas-
gow police, and wanted to know how long they had been
dead. While this strange scene was going forward in the
dining room, the apartment from which the two women
had been removed was subjected to scrutiny. In order to
admit the light of day it was necessary to remove three
black shawls which had been nailed one over the other
across the window. When these had been taken
down, and the dust-covered blind drawn up, a miser-
able spectacle presented itself. The floor was
covered in most parts to the thickness of about a foot with
ashes and rubbish. In the fireplace was a great heap of
ashes, with a small fire smouldering on the top—the fire
standing out from the chimney altogether, and sending
its smoke up along the wall of the room, which was thickly
coated with soot. The only furniture in the room consisted
of a low bedstead covered with some filthy bedding, a chest
of drawers, a stool, and a broken chair. On the drawers
were a few books scattered about, and on a plate was a
piece of soap, with a few dry crusts of bread, which only a
person in a state of starvation could have eaten. In one of
the drawers was found a purse, containing is scl; but be•
yond the crusts referred to no trace of food was anywhere
visible, The wretched condition of the women cannot have
arisen from poverty, as there was discovered vu the pore=

of one of them the sum of Li in bank-notes, together with
a cheque on the Bank of Scotland for £2BB. It is stated,
moreover, that they were in receipt of some small annuity,
settled on them by their deceased brother. Some difficulty
was experienced in removing them from the house, but at
last they were got into a cab and conveyed to the asylum.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

TIMES,—It is always good for people to under-
stand each other, and just at this conjuncture the
establishment of such an intelligence between the
Canadians and ourselves may be of great service to
both parties together. Nothing more, indeed, seems
to be wanting on either side than a clear and
definite perception of future policy. The Colony is
very well affected, and with good reason, towards
the Mother Country. Its population is thoroughly
loyal, and its interests are completely identified with
its allegiance. The Canadians, as we are assured
this morning by one of themselves, are not only
without a wish to dissolve the connexion subsisting
between their *country and Great Britain, but
"would fight to the last" to maintain it; nor can
we disbelieve these professions when we remember
the conditions of dependence now accepted. Canada
would necessarily be a loser by any change of polie
tical position. Independence would deprive her of
a powerful protector; union with America would
simply make her a participator in liabilities which
no man can measure. We, on the other hand, are
content to retain an allegiance yielding little sub-
stantial fruit, at the cost of what may be most
onerous obligations. It would be hard to say what
privilege we derive from oar colony of Canada, but
at any rate we have no wish that the connection
should be severed, To perpetuate these terms, then,
and to avert all chances of disagreement or danger,
it can only be necessary that we should explain and
the Canadians should understand exactly what we,
for our part of the bargain, are prepared to per-
form. At present it seems to be assumed, or was,
at least, assumed till recently, that in the event of
a war involving the Colony the fighting would be
done by Imperial troops. Of course the colonists
would support us as soon and as far as they were
able. When they had suiceeded in organising a
Militia and collecting a Volunteer force, when
they had drilled their men and trained the officers
to commai:d them, they would fight by the side
of the British regiments; but until this result had
been attained—perhaps, as happened in the United
States, in the second or third year of the war—the
defence of the colony would bo left to devolve upon
us. Now, do the Canadians reflect upon the conse-
quences which would follow? The colonial fron-
tier is a thousand miles long. We could not garri-
son it effectually if we sent to Canada every regular
soldier in these islands. We make believe to girlie
son it at this moment with a force of 9,000 soldiers,
of whom two thirds are divided between Montreal
and Quebec, while the rest are distributed by regi-
ments and even companies along the frontier line.
In other words, we confront a neighbour who can
dispose of half a million of men with a score or two
of stations like those of the Irish constabulary. Nor
are these pickets supported by any sufficient re-
serves. " A Canadian Volunteer" tells us the whole
truth in this matter, and shows us that even the
moderate preparations with which the colony was
credited in a late debate have but a partial existence
in reality. The fact is this—that our 9,000 men,
while they could do nothing of themselves, suffice
to prevent the colonists from doing any more. They
look like a demonstration of the power and inten•
tions of England. They stand as the advanced guard
of a great army, and the Canadians do bat obey the
instincts of human nature in declining to do for
themselves what others appear ready and willing to
do for them. There should be an end of this delusion,
which is not only deceitful, but dangerous. We have
not the least design of providing the Canadians with
an army sufficient for the defence of their frontier.
The utmost that was intended in this country was
to give them a " nucleus" in the shape of a few regi-
ments of Imperial troops, and even that design is
now limited, as was shown by a recent debate, to the
protection of the two chief capitals of the colony.
la relying, therefore, upon our readiness to fight
their battles the colonists are deceiving themselves,
and the demonstration we make happens to be full
the danger in more ways than one. Nothing is so
like ty to provoke attack as an easy and accessible
prize, and every station of British troops along the
Canadieei frontier offers such a prize to the Amer!.
can army. To surround and capture a British regi-
ment would io an exploit of which an American
commander might reasonably boast; to inflict humi-
liation on the I3etish arms might be a triumph
which an American e9overnment would be unwil-
ling to forego. These oppxtunities Nye actually pre-
sent in the most seductive a,:id alluring form. We
post fragments of our army in cosittons where they
may be at any moment surprised, much as King
Alfred suspended golden bracelets in henely woods
and challenged anybody to offend justice by appro•
priating them. But we have not the some groullthi
for our defiance. We should, indeed, be compelled
to pursue the offender, but it is neither our interest
nor our desire to establish our power by provoking
the offence. On the contrary, it would be infinitely
wiser to remove the temptation, and thus diminish
the chances of conflict. It seems to have been for-
gotten in the recent discussions that the exhibition
of this handful of Btrish troops on the Canadian
frontier is in itself actually an element of danger.
When the Americans have a grievance against us
they immediately threaten to in vade Canada. Why ?
Not so much because Canada is a dependency of the
British Crown as because it contains a few British
soldiers, and is thus a vulnerable part of the British
empire. If Canada were defended only by Cana-
dians, it would scarcely answer the purpose of the
Americans to make a raid into the province at the
cost of a war which would bring the British navy
on their coasts. A conflict with the chief maritime
Power of the world would be a heavy price to pay
for penetrating a few leagues into a country which
it would be very troublesome to occupy and
impossible to annex without conquest. But a
regiment of the British army would be a more
enticing bait. By the capture of such a trophy
the Americans could not only gratify the national
pride, but compel us to a conflict in which the
advantages would be all in their favour, If we
began to fight them on land, and suffered disasters,
we should be forced to go on. Our reputation as
well as our pride would be involved, and our enemies
would enjoy the singular good fortune of taking us
at our weakest from the position most advantageous
to themselves. Now, we say that we cannot do
better fur Canada than remove this provocative to
invasion. Let the Canadians provide for their own
defence according to their own estimate of the de-
mand. We see that there is a party in the colony
which holds that the best armament is no armament,

and if that doctrine prevails we are not inclined to

quarrel with it. We are certain, at any rate, that it
is sound when applied to an armament of Imperial
troops, and if the colonists choose to extend it they
may, perhaps, be the best judges. Bat whether
they rely for their protection upon natural difficul-
ties and political repulsion,or wftether they resort to
the more recognised policy of military organisation,
iet the work be their own. From us they may count

upon the aid of a powerful navy, and what that means
in a war may be learnt from the embarrassments of
the blockaded Confederacy. On these terms the
disadvantage would be all with the Americans in-

stead of with us, and perhaps three millions of white
men in the North supported by the naval power of
Britain would form as troublesome an enemy as six
millions in the south deprived of free intercourse
with the world. At any rate, reason suggests that
these should be our terms. By our present policy
We are at once deluding our colonists and tempting
to aggression the only Power from which aggression
is to be feared. The isolated detachments of our troops
might attract invasion, but could not possibly repel
it. Their removal would extinguish one of the prin-
cipal chances of danger, and for the rest the colony
should provide according to its resources and inte-
rest as estimated by itself. The Canadians must be
good judges of their own position. They are under
the influence, at present, of indefinite impressions if
not of false expectations, and we can hardly pre-
sume that their conclusions would be sound. But
if they can distinctly understand the views of this
country, and divest themselves of all illusions about
our intentions, we have no doubt that they will
adopt a wise policy and remain on better terms
with the mother country than ever.
POST.—The curtain has at length fallen on that
terrible drama which for the last eighteen months
has been played out in Russian Poland. The in-
surrection is now officially declared to be at an end,
the last of the chiefs of the revolutionary Govern-
ment has beer. consigned to the scaffold, and order
once more reigns in Poland. For some months past
we have heard but little of the insurrection, and ex-
cept when an occasional account reached us of an
execution on the glacis of the citadel at Warsaw or
of the departure of a convoy of exiles for Siberia,
we have been left in ignorance of the means em-
ployed by the Russian Government in re-establish-
ing their authority in. the Kingdom of Poland. The
history of Poland during the past year and a half is
one which will never be written with accuracy, and
even if so written would never command belief.
Since this time twelvemonths the Russian Govern-
ment have been enabled, without even the interrup-
tion of a protest by any foreign State,
to pursue
Peculiar system for the suppression of revolt in
their disaffected provinces which on many previous
occasions they have employed with so much success.
Deserted by Europe, and unable to cope with the
legions,
which were arrayed against them, the Polish incur.
not merely of sold.iers, but of police spies,
gents finally gave way. The scattered bands which,
armed with scythes, and, in some cases, dragging
after them 'wooden cannon, scoured the forests, Were

one by one annihilated or dispersed; whilst in the
towns the organisers of the insurrection either re'
linquished in despair a task which was indeed hopf:
teas, or continued to devise and plot until the skill
or the treachery of some spy delivered them in°
the hands of their merciless oppressors. Insurrec-
!ion, in the true meaning of that term, there
has been none in Poland for many months
past. It has been simply a trial of skill between,
the authorities and those who took, or were suspected
to have taken, a part in the revolutionary movement'
whether the !atter should live to aid in a revolt at
some subsequent period against the Russian rule.
The victory has been with the authorities; nor is
this surprising. A system of secret government may
be so carefully organised as to escape detection
but none can reckon on impunity where euspicton,
though unsupported by evidence, is sufficient to
bring the suspected person to the scaffold or send
him into exile. The system of suppression purnsuel
by the Russian Government was equally simple ad
effective. All whom they believed to be implicated
they incontinently hanged or banished; and this
plan having been pursued for several months, the,_
result of this general weeding has been that the
most formidable of their enemies have disappear"'
The so-called National Government of Poland for
lon while baffled their attempts to discover thos_
who. composed it; but after having adopted fer
weicee
considerable time the exhaustive system to
we have referred, the Russian Government he,vis
now the satisfaction of assuring Europe that t",
brood of traitors has been completely exterminat.eu•
The official Russian journal at Warsaw, in recording
the the execution of five members of the National -
vernm. ent, including its chief, has for the first. that
published to the world the manner in which
s
Government was conducted. The details
.Possee%
historic interest, and give a curious insight in
hteo:
method.. employed by the Poles to baffle the stlteoa
Fines. During the whole period of the insurrecti
it was notorious that a committee of the joeurgeT!
sat en permanence at Warsaw, and directed the
Effote
revolutionary movement, despite all the
made by the authorities to discover its members,
or
.to interrupt. the communications which- ants
m. (untamed between them and the insaeg_o.
various. parts of the kingdom. fat
clamations were printed and scattered broadcast
through the streets of Warsaw, although e' eeld
printing. establishment was guarded by lYnx,"s in
officials, and even cemeteries were ransacked
se. a.rch of type. Nor is it astonishing that the aut
nties were foiled in their attempts to die over tLI4
members of the National Government, sine® it ;sat!).
pears. that so secret and perfect was the organ—cet
Lion that its very members were unknown to ea
e.
, other, and all possibility to treachery thus overcodmof
I The. Warsaw Central Organisation was con3l3°Be.
s.ix departments, similar to the departments of btari
addition to its chief, each department
other.. countries, under distinct heads ; and,
had a eerta
number of subordinate officials and a secretary;
"Following out the principle adopted in the entire
organisation,the members of which each departele.rl!
was ccnposed were unknown to its chief, and of tekoh_
chiefs themselves most were strangers to .0
another." Independently of the central orgaela!e
tion in Warsaw, there were local administrations ,
0"
1
each of the eight woywodeships, er districts, Int e
which the insurgents had divided the kingdom ore
Poland. The communication between the fermeh
and the latter being uninterrupted until the 10t
of October of last year, the Government was ecom-
posed of a small council, the composition of evuleh
e
was veiled in such impenetrable mystery that evee:
now the Russian authoritids are compelled to adn3l'
however, for some reasons which it has
they know but little about it. After this date,
possible. to discover, a change tack been imi;
piece, and a,
tire revolution, Whether this change
in. dividual was recognised as the leader of the e-11
all events
discovery easier it is difficult to say • but at
. did take place, and it' was the revels:
tionary chief and the principal of his colleagues
whoser execution has just been recorded in the
rt. arsaw Gazette. The method in which the
discovery was made, however, well deserves
the eppellation of " exhaustive" Which °l°
have just given it. " Owing to the dis-
coveries made by the military investigation
rendered diets-
. committee, and the increased activity of the Wares?,
police (we quote from the official Dziennick), °IA
be rs of persons concerned in the revolutionary orga'
nisation were arrested and an extensive revolution"
ary correspondence seized. Upon inspection of the
documents and examination of the prisoners further
arrests v
were undertaken, which, combined with ins
formation rmation already obtained, rendered it Poe'
sible to gain possession of the chiefs of the
insurrection." The Polish insurrection of 1863.64
may therefore be considered at an end. Might hag
owtwenairclylehs
asmseoeofbmr
been
ntri
nrio
acvudoi mdt
nd
Providence
eete
to the
ebtonhye
see
trhbhiireesi
tgetthrooytu,t
cohahfonsst dtheoeanwnwe
ho
ootorhfl
testedhr
wuc hmh
tai
abcp:o'
reason. The scenes of 1830 have been reenacted,and the triumphant wrong of half a century pre-
vious has for a third time been confirmed. The
insurrection e
it was hopeless from the beginning, but
would be alike absurd and ungenerous to ascribe
to folly what was in truth the offspring of despair:
Even the weakest of animals will stand at bay be"
fore the most formidable antagonist, and for a time
will flatter itself that its fate is in suspense. Nor
was the insurrection the work of the Polish people
alone. It was that of their masters. Not that the
Russians simply drove the Poles into rebellion by
their misrule. They so directed their tyranny. as
to produce revolt. They desired an insurrection
because they desired a pretext for decimating the
inhabitants and deporting all whom they feared to
the wilds of Siberia. They gained their object.
The Poles revolted. Aud although the insurrection
was graver than they anticipated, they have bees
completely victorious. Order once more reigns, and
until another generation of
will continue to reign
The patience of
tion once more become necessary. .
and decimation and deports-
Poles shall spring up,
-- -----
liberal Europe assuredly is inexhaustible.

COUNTRY MARKETS.

-------

LIVERPOOL—FiernAY.
There was a very thin attendance to-day of the trade,
and wheats proved dull of sale about last Tuesday's prices.
Flour met a slow demand, and to make sales less money
had to be taken. For oats and oatmeal the demand is again
limited, but prices unchanged. A parcel of undried nevi
white oats brought 2s lid per 451 b, and a few lots of neW
meal 26s per load. Beans at fully late rates. Barley and
peas commanded full rates. Indian corn in good demancit
and some quantity changed hands at 30s per qr.

STAMFORD—FRIDAY.
Wheat is being cut daily, and promises a tolerable yield'
—White wheat, 44s to 49s ; red, 41s to 455 per 36 stone.
Barley, malting, 29s to 315 ; grinding, 2Gs to 305 per (Ir*
Oats,
,19s to 238 per 24 stone. Beans, old, 40s to
qr. ; now, 36s to 40s.

WAKEFIELD—FRIDAY.
The wheat trade was steady to-day, and the prices of
last week firmly maintained. Spring corn in fair request
at full rates.

Averages for the weet :
Wheat „.1,856 qrs., at 4ss 101 d
Oats —
8ar1ey......... 112
Peas
Beaus

LINCOLN—FRIDAY.
A moderato show of wheat, which met a fair trade at 1$
to 2s decline on previous rates. Barley scarce, with no im-
prover:cent in prices. Oats in good request at former rata.
Beans rather higher, and peas at full prices.
White wheat new,
..
46s to 50s Barley, grinding.. 26s to 29e
Red do. 39s to 44s Oats,old, .. ...... 24s to 26e
Old white 43s to 46s New do 20s to 23e
Red do. 38s to 42s I Beans.. 37s to 410
Barley, malting....—s to .-8 1 Beans, new 36s to 410
---

CORK—THURSDAY. -..--Bed
The following were the quotations this morning •tev 7,
wheat, Ss Od to Ss Wd ; white, sOdto9s 8d , ' I
btu' su to
Id to Os Od ; oats, 5s 8d to 6s Gd • black do., 58
68 10d.

BRISTOL SUGAR—FRIDAY.
The market for raw sugars is in a state of comparative
stagnation. Grocers look for a further decline in vainest
and the only sales have been a parcel or two of Barbadoest
for which somewhat lower rates have been accepted. Rs"
finers' produce a fair sale. Rums sell slowly at the prices
of this day week.