The Sun.
London, England, 1852-09-08 00:00:00

THE ARMY.

CHATHAM, SEPT. 7.—Second• class Staff• Surgeon
Sall is relieved from duty at this station for the purpose
of embarking in medical charge of detachments for the
Cape of Good Hope; end Staff-Assistant-Surgeon W.
Brown is relieved from duty, for the purpose of pro-
ceeding to Dover to do duty with the depot 30th Foot.
WOOLWICH, SEPT. 7.—ROYAL ARTILLERY.—Cap-
tain Price's company, Ist battalion, marched this morn-
ing from the garrison here, at seven o'clock, for Shorn-
cliffe, headed by the brass band of the Royal Horse
Artillery. Previous to leaving, the company received a
new field battery of 9•pounders, brought up from the
grand depot, complete with all its ammunition, shot,
shells, and cannisters, and they will reach Shorncliffe on
Saturday, the 11th inst., as the marching to that sta-
tion will occupy five days. Captain Dalton's company,
Ist battalion, will leave Woolwich on the 16th inst. for
Sheerness, to relieve Captain Papillon's company, 11th
battalion, ordered to head quarters. Captain Beresford's
company is under orders to leave Woolwich on the 23d
inst. for Devonport, to relieve Captain Aylmer's com-
pany, 11th battalion, at that station.

THE NEW BATTERSEA PARK BRIDGE.

The piers, foundations, and fastenings of the suspension
bridge are now nearly completed. On each side of the
Thames strong brick walls, supported by piles and con-
crete, have been laid down at the edge of high water
mark, and some 50 or 60 feet further inwards piles have
been driven. faced by strong elm planks of two or three
inches thick in front, and supported by beds of concrete
several feet in width, depth, and height, for the purpose
of fastening the chains which are to support the bridge.
Those chains pass over, and are to be fixed to, the piers
erected at the river's edge, and will then be supported by
still higher and more solid piers constructed a few feet
further in the channel of the river than low water mark. To
enable the contractors to raise these latter piers, coffer
dams of great extent have been erected, which have been
protected and supported on each side by strong piles.
Within the coffer dams a bottom of concrete several feet
below the surface of the channel of the river, has been
laid down, and upon it a strong building of brick, stone,
and cement has been raised and nearly completed to the
intended height. On each side of the works are placed
several barges and pile•driving machines to break the
force of the current, and prevent craft of all descriptions
passing up and down the river from endangering the
works or becoming foul by coming in contact with them.
On either side huge masses of sand, stone, and other ma-
terials for making a strong and lasting connexion for the
bridge and the roadway approaches, have been accumu-
lated and are being adapted for that purpose, so as to
have, coincident with the finishing of the bridge, the ap-
proaches from Clapham, Brixton, and Wandsworth
ready on the one side, and those from Kensington,
Chelsea, and Pimlico on the other side. The chains will
weigh several thousand tons.

SEABORNE MAILS.
[N signifies that the mails are sent from the General Post-othe
by the night—and M by the morning—dispatch.]

When made up in; From what
PLACES. Ge.neralPost-office' port die- When
London: patched. due.
Ameeririccaa Sept. 11
Am
pkt.) N Sept. 10 .. ;Liverpool .• Sept. 14
((bbyy Burist.. pkt.)N Sept. 24 .. ..,Liverpool..
America (by U.S.pkt.)M Sept. 17 .. ..Southampt. Sept. 9
Australia (via South-
ampton)M 20th of each re onth,Southampt. Sept. 24
Marseilles) N 24th of each month,Dover .. Sept. 19
Ditto, via C. of G. Hope N'2d & 14th each mo. Plymouth.. Sept. 29
Ditto
Africa (West coast)• • Nll4th of the month IPlYraoath Uncertain
Alexandria* ...• Nr 19th & 30th of mo.lDover .. Sept. 18
Belgium N Daily .. Dover . Daily
Brazil .. M 9th of the month I Southampt. Sept. 12
Buenos Ayres 3119th of the month ISouthampt. Sept. 12
CaUfornia(viaChagref)M,2dB.-,l7th of month Southampt. Sept. 16
Cape of Good Hope N:l4th of the month Plymouth.. Aug. 29
Cape de Verde N 2d of the month .. I Plymouth.. Aug. 29
Constantinople* .. • • 1.117 th 17th 27th of mo 'Dover .. Sept. 10
Central America .. M,2cl & 17th of mon. ISouthampt. Ist ea. mo.
Channel Isles .. N Mon., Wed., &Fri.lSouthampt. Ta. Th.bat
Chili M 2d & 17th of ninth ,Sonthampt. Sept. 16
France .. Mt N Twice daily .. ..IDover •• Twicedally
Greece* • . N 7thl7th27th of mo 'Dover •• Sept. 19
llambnrgh N Tuesday & Friday 'London .. Tees. Sat.
Holland .. AlWednes. & Satur. [London .. Sup. That s
Honduras .. . N 17th of the mouth Southampt. Sept. 16
Ireland M & NlTwice daily .. !Holyhead .• Twicedally
India (via Southamp.) M 20th of the month'Southampt. Sept. 24
India (via Maraellleg) N gth& 24th Aftnonth ' Dover • • Sept. 19
India, via C. of G. Hope N, 14th of month Plymouth.. Aug. 29
Mauritius .. •N 14th of month Plymouth.. lAug. 29
Mediterranean (via
Southampton) .. Isfl2oth of the month Southampt. Aug. 28
Mediterranean (via
Marseilles) 24th of month Dover Dover
Sept. 19
1199
Mexico .. 11d12,1 of the month.. Soathampt.(lst ea. mo.
Madeira .. M 9th of the month Southamipt. !Sept. 12
f 7th,17th,19th,27th
Malta*
& 30th of month
Naples* •• •• •• N sth 15th 25th of mo; Dover •• Sept. 12
Papal States* N sth 15th 25th of mo, Dover .. Sept. 12
PeninsulaM 7th 17th 27th ef mo Southampt. Sept. 16
Peru •2d & 17th of mntb Southampt. Sept. 16
Tainnyedies,.
MN 517ttithl5otftit4625tmh oofamtho
Southampt
rop.i 'Sept. 12
west .lsept.
16

Pete • • .. 3,1
Tuscany* 1,1
West IndiesM
West Indies (except
Havana & Nassau) M
* The mails to those c
French packet via Marsei

I2d of the month .. ISonthampt. I
ountrias thus marked (*) are conveyed by
Mee.

RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS,
BRISTOL, SETT. F.

STocK ExcHANaz.—Our share market was more active
until towards the close, when it becamevery dull. Midlands
were done at 78 ex diVv.
E LIRPOOL, SEPT. 7.

STOCK EXCHANGE.—There has been no material altera-
tion in the railway share market to-day, and but a very
limited amount of business has been transacted. The sales
were—Eastern Counties, 11%—East Lancashire,
2917, —Ditto, Preference, 115/B—Midland,
18%—Lan-
cashire and Yorkshire, 86%—Ditto, Fifths, 3 946 dis.—
London and North-westen?, 122%—Manchester, Sheffield,
and 41/6 per cent., 1-16 p.—North
7an7yid
—Ditto, New
Union ( A), 270—South-Eastern and Dover, 21%—Dutch
Rhenish, % dis.
MANCHESTER, SEPT. 7.
STOCK EXCHANGE.—There was a tolerable amount of
nto-day, but prices were
were as follow :—Eastern
businesslower
a t donethe c
lions
et.h the.
Counties, 11il, —Lancashire and Yorkshire, Fifths, 31/2 dis.—
'
Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, 29:4—Ditto New
61. Preference, 9.16 p.—Midland, 78—South-Eastern and
Dover, 21 9-16. The transactions marketsaetions

BIRMINGHAM, SEPT. 7.
STOCK EXCHANGE. —There bas been but a comparatively
small amounn of business transacted to-day. The Musical
festival appears to have absorbed the attention of aira:st
every description of tradespeople. No sales were reported.

FRENCH RAILWAY TRAFFIC.
The following are the last returns of the gross re-
ceipts of the principal French Railways :
NORTHERN.—From Aug. 19 to Aug. 25: Passengers,
404,536 f.; goods, 267,494 f.; total, 672,030 f.
ROIIEN.—From Aug. 22 to Aug. 28: Passengers,
144,3931.; goods, 81,665 f.; total, 226,0581.
HAVRE.—From Aug. 22 to Aug. 28: Passenger;
53,654 f.; goods, 34.297 f. ; total 87,951 f.
ORLEANS AND BRANCH LINES.—From Aug. 22 to
Aug. 28 : Passengers, 294,562 f.; goods, 245,2981.; total,
539,8601.

STRASBITIIO.—From Aug. 19 to Aug. 25: Passengers,
291,321 f.; goods, 151,699 f.; total, 443,020 f.
Baia.—From Aug. 16 to Aug. 22 : Passengers,
40,653 f.; goods, 24,775 f.; total, 65,428 f.

- Aug.
MONTEREAM—From ug. 19 to Aug. 25: Passengers,
13,402 f.; goods, 12,724 f.; total, 26,126 f.

LYONS. From Aug. 22 to Aug 28 : Passengers,
259,529 f.; goods, 148,834 f.; total, 408,363 f.
WESTERN.—From Aug. 22 to Aug. 29: Passengers,
116,901 f.; goods, 14,176 f.; total, 131,077 f.

EADVERTISEMENT.]—THE ROYAL EXIIIBITION. A
valuable, newly-invented, very small powerful waistcoat
pocket glass, the size of a walnut, by which a person can be
seen and known l miles distant ; they answer every purpose
on the Race-course, at the Opera-houses ; country scenery
and ships are clearly seen at 12 to 14 miles; they are in-
valuable for shooting, deer stalking, yachting, to sports.
men, Gentlemen, Gamekeepers, and Tourists.—Te be had
at 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, observe, opposite the
York-hotel. Telescopes—A new and most important in-
vention in Telescopes, possessing such extraordinary powers,
that some, 311 inches, with an extra eye piece, will
show distinctly, Jupiter's Moons, Saturn's Ring, and the
Double Stars. With the same Telescope, weighing only three
ounces, can be seen a person's countenance 3i miles distant,
and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They supersede every
other kind for the waistcoat pocket, and are of larger and all
sizes, with increasing powers accordingly. Opera and Race-
course glasses, with wonderful powers; an object can be
clearly seen from 14 to 16 miles distant. Messrs. S. and B.
Solomons, Opticians, have invented invaluable preserving
Spectacle Lenses, immediately they are placed before imper-
fect vision, every object appears clear and distinct, the most
aged defective sight becomes bright and brilliant, is brought to
its youthful, natural, and original state. The Invisible Or-
ganic Vibrator, and all kinds of Acoustic instruments for relief
of extreme deafness.-39, Alberrnarle-street, Piccadilly, ob-
serve, opposite the York Hotel.
[ADVERTISEMENT.] Holloway's Ointment and
Pills have effected another wonderful Cure of a Bad Leg of
Seven Years' standing. —Extract of a letter from Mr. E. Pol.
lard, druggist, of 30, Catherine-street, Devonport, dated May
19, 1852. " To Professor Holloway. Sir,-111r. Blanker, of
Charlotte-street, New Passage, near Devonport, suffered
severely for mere than seven years from a wound in his leg.
He tried every remedy medical aid could devise, but in vain,
as it would net heal by their treatment. At length he had
recourse to your ointment and pills, which in the course of a
few weeks perfectly cured it and he is now in most excellent
oiFifehas
la
health. —Sold by all Druggists, and at Professor Holloway's
Establishment, 244, Strand, London.
DELICATEI
ATTENTIONS.—We understand that the
Ear
hdiisstLriobruastehdip among o
request.nt hye dressmakerss
thee
A n tl
asu idn
apiewisl upwards
ofd s
presentEo ofi
gf
ti 20nh.e
town,
h sTeathsse ofee
ei
nn
have Parisian
fashions for the use of
of
tbaohetdhluabld:iielrsr
posmfdtaiFicrcrmee,.
appreciate
iati have
se
Lordship'sd; ocuob ot oure
attention.
oja
this
h ins

Colonel Chesney commenced the proceedings by
reading an able and interesting paper upon the com-
parative merits of the route to India, written in com-
pliance with the request of Dr. Robinson. The use
of the overland route dated from almost the discovery
of India itself. The far-seeing
Elizabetha fleet at Bir to facilitate trade along the Euphrates,
which, being then the high road to India, was con-
stantly made use of by Balbi, Filch,
and others, who
Thehadorcecuatseionfrteommarch r
Europe
that.was linehy
withAie x ma
nedrreeh tat maintainedntid aisned.
Aleppo to Bir on the Euphrates from whence the
goods were carrisd by boats. The Gallant Colonel
then reminded the audience that even in the time of
Herodotus, Mesopotamia was a
able commercial importance ; and at present, al-
though the value to England of Bagdad, and the
other productive seats of commerce, was greatly
by
diminished by the cessation country of consider-
the East India Com-
pany of the intercourse which previously existed, yet
the trade between India and the Persian Gulph
amounted to about two millions a year. The line of
the Euphrates had another advaittage. The direct line
from London passes through Vienna, Constantinople,l
and Asia Minor, to Aleppo, whence, by the Desert of
;t:he route by the Red
manner,tiffe being less
was continued through
sspeeae Arabia,dhyn c: .
the
been reaches
regularßn uetransit
. r
set
Arabia up to the year 1815. Ilis acquaintance with
Mesopotamia commenced in consequence of his having
set out for Constantinople in 1829, to assist in the
defence of Turkey against the Rassians. He arrived
at the close of the war, and then undertook a journey
into Asia Minor, with the object of • •
examiningthe
proposed lines of communication with India, and
made a detailed report to Government, allowing
twenty-two days between Bombay and Alexandria.
This was the first proposal founded on examination
for opening a steam communication by the Red Sea.
The energy and activity of Waghorn, however, had
performed the transit in fifteen, and even twelve, days.
Having described the difficulties which he had en-
countered in pursuing his course, having been car-
ried off by the Arabs, Colonel Chesney stated that, on
regaining hisTreedom he continued his journey across
the Great Desert, and succeeding in reaching the
Euphrates, pursuing his course from Damascus by
Palmyra. Having constructed a raft of
thirty-
three
inflated skins, he was launched upon
the great river, accompanied by three Arabs,
and made his way to Felujah, opposite Bagdad,
not, however, without meeting with some
danger, and thence descended from Babylon to Bus-
Borah, and ultimately crossed the Persian Gulf. The
Gallant Lecturer then gave a general description of
the Euphrates, which, he observed, was entitled to
even more than its celebrated name of the Fourth
River of Paradise, being wide, deep, and highly pic-
turesque, flowing between ancient aqueducts, irri-
gating luxuriant groves of date trees, and the richest
wheat cultivation. He then traversed 1,700 miles of
Russia, and some 1,800 miles through Asia Minor,
which enabled him to examine the sources of the
rivers and the country between it and the Mediterra-
nean, having spent three years and a quarter in the
exploration. He then made a report, urging the es-
tablishment of alternate communication by the Red
Sea and the Persian Gulf. King William IV. took a
lively interest in the matter, which was taken up by
Lords Palmerston, Ripon, and Lansdowne, and after
deliberation by the House of Commons, the sum of
20,0001. was at length voted for an expedition to the
Euphrates and Tigris, and in 1835 he sailed in com-
mand of it, consisting of two flat-bottomed iron
steamers, with a staff of scientific and other officers,
together with persons qualified to put together
the vessels, which were in pieces. On arriving at
the mouth of the Orontes, the Pacha of Egypt, Mo-
hammed Ali, in violation of his engagements with
the Government, refused to allow the exploration
to proceed; but, being determined not to be stopped,
they disembarked the materials, and carried their
ships overland, notwithstanding all obstructions and
difficulties, a distance of 147 miles from the mouth of
the Orontes, to Port William, in Egypt, a name which
be gave the place in honour of the King. The Go-
vernment, however, having then refused to grant any
more funds, he was compelled either to give up the
expedition or appeal to the assistance of his friends,
and, determining not to abandon it, he obtained an
advance of 3,000/. more. The gallant colonel then
described the terrible effects of a whirlwind, which,
although it lasted but 15 minutes, destroyed the
Tigris, one of the vessels on the Euphrates, at Wirde,
about 500 miles from both the Mediterranean and the
Persian Gulf, and committed great havoc on the ex-
pedition, and which was unparalleld in violence, ex-
cept by a storm which destroyed the fleet of Julian the
Apostate, near the same place. The Arabs, how-
ever, unlike some of their countrymen at home,
showed them the greatest kindness. He had
Previously received orders from the Government
to break up the expedition on reaching the Per-
sian Gulf; but, lest he should dishearten the offi-
cers of the expedition, he did not communicate
the matter to them until some time afterwards ; and
then, conceiving that the circumstances would justify
them in not obeying these directions, he consulted
with them as to persevering with it, and they at once
agreed, and even gave up a portion of their pay in
order to reduce the expenses. They then continued
their survey of the river, and afterwards went up the
Tigris to the distance of more than 300 miles, to
Bagdad, the city of the Kalipha. The steamer every-
where created great surprise, the Arabs having a
prophecy amongst them, that when iron should swim
on the surface of the water their dominion was to end.
They came several hundred miles to ascertain the fact,
and at first believed that the vessel went along the
bottom of the river by wheels. Having related other
difficulties in the expedition, and further inquiries
which it made, Colonel aesney stated that fresh
orders having arrived, to break up the party, the rest
returned to England, while he followed, taking from
Bombay important dispatches, and making a direct
journey of nearly 1,000 miles from sea to sea, the
distance from Damascus and Beirout being accom-
plished in 19 days. On arriving at England a .b
com-
munication was received from Prince Metternnio
offering to meet the supposed India line at Sc. d
the
question but the Government did not entertain e
question at all, except by turning it over to the Eastthe
India Company, who launched three vessels uponth
river, but ultimately were obliged to withdraw them
in the Affghan campaign. The Turkish Government
then took up the subject, and after some reference o i
two steamers more have been constructed by Messrs.
Laird, of Birkenhead, and will speedily be launched
on the river of Mesopotamia • but he felt anxiety lest
a great undertaking should Mesopotamia;
to the ground for want
of competent manaement. Of late the Eastern
Steam ting with the
Navigation Company, in competing
to the
conclusion come .
Peninsular and Oriental,
appear to
Isteamers, using
conclusion that long and powerful ,di about
both paddle and screw, would reach inn'aleswill be
32 days • but admitting that IYii9-11 vreelto compete
travelled' in that time, this line W..- -a ther lines
the 0 2
with steamers of a similar power °/:1
-Red Sea, and the one of about 5,238 miles by the ee
The Gallant
other of 4,823 miles by the Euphrates.
the latter
Colonel then pointed out the advantages of
London to
line. A railway at present exists from
h will probably reach Hungary, and, ere long, present Constan-
tinople, The great chains of Asia Matinbo
er
overcome ,
im-
pediments,
but not such as may a- the and, having once reached the valley of
.continued along
Mesopo-
tamia rivers, the line might be
the southern shores of Persia and thedthe unset-
tled state of the country, coast of
Mekhran to India ; but the expense, an
rendered this line not likely
'
soon to be adopted. They mighty therefore, confine
the question to a railway through
Arabia, having
a steamer to India from one extremity, and
another to Trieste from the opposite—the line to quit
the Mediterranean at the nay of Antioch, and thence
pass by Aleppo (Benin) to the Euphrates, at Tabir,
and so along the right bank theto estuary of the
river, a distance of about 715 miles. With powerful
steamers letters might reach Bombay, from London,
in eighteen or nineteen days, and messages, partly by
electric telegraph, in ten dap-
Having estimated the
coat of a single line of railway on the American plan,
and two steamers, at about 6,000,0001., the gallant
lecturer advised that, instead of in the first instance
incurring so serious an outlay, temporary arrange-
ments should be made, by which
and
the Austrian Lloyd's
vessels could carry passengers an mails to Scanda-
neon, which required no outlay as a harbour, and
from thence, by the air line, a distance of 110 miles,
to Balls, on the Euphrates, between which and Bus-
,. be used; the whole dis-
tance small steamers might
eighteen days and eighteen
tance being traversed in
partially using
hours, and the telegraph, in ten days.
The whole expense o f this temporary arrangement
• In short, the
overland be about 50,0001. or 80 ,
overland journey could be performed by relays of ca-
mels, or the carriages of the country, called tack-i- van ;
and the necessary protection from place to place being
connected with the hire of the animals,
the Arabs would

In reply to the president, Dr. Lee, the Rev. S.
Smith, Mr. Coll, and other gentlemen, Colonel Ches-
ney gave satisfactory explanations respecting the in-
frequency of storms, the peaceful disposition of the
Arabs, the salubrity of climate, protection of travel-
lers, and other points upon which he was interro-
gated, and, after some conversation upon the subject,
the thanks of the section were voted to him.

Captain Allen, R.N., then read a paper proposing,
in the first instance, to account for proofs of sudden
drainage in the valley of the Jordan, as shown by
terraces 500 feet above it, which have been noticed by
Lieut. Lynch, U. S. N., and Dr. Robinson; also more
recent proofs, in hills with flat summits, exhibiting
horizontal deposit, but with torn sides ; parallel
raised beaches near the Dead Sea, &c. Such drain-
age, having lowered the Dead Sea 1,400 feet below
the Mediterranean, could have no connexion with the
catastrophe recorded in Scripture. In the course of
the investigation of the accounts of other travellers, at
the southern end of the Wady Arabs, and his own
observations at the northern end of the valley of the
Jordan, Captain Allen had reason to think that be-
tween the gulf of Akabali and the southern Gbor or
Evady there is a tract of very low around, and also
on the other band from the plain of Isdraelon, so that
the waters of the Mediterranean and the Red Sea
were kept in by those low tracts ; and if they were
cut through there would be water communication
with the East Indies, by means of a ship canal in the
greater part by nature through that depressed valley
and that the expense would be very small, because,
if a new canal were cut for a small way, the force
of the Atlantic and the aid of gunpowder would very
soon cut a channel sufficiently large for navigation of
ps. Captain Allen pointed out the ad-
the largest Ai
vantage which this course would be to the Sultan in
opening up communication with an important portion
of country which now but partially recognises his
authority, and also to the pilgrims, so that there
would not be a probability of having opposition to
encounter. By this means he thought a more direct
and expedious route to the East could be obtained.
After some conversation upon the subject, the
thanks of the section were given to Captain Allen for
his paper.
Learned papers were then read by the Rev. Dr.
Hincks on the connexion between the Indian, Euro-
pean, Semitic, and Egyptian forms of the personal
pronoun; and by Professor M'Douall on the present
state of ledo-Persian philology.
The latter gentleman also read an interesting ac-
count of a journey across Africa from Zanzibar to
Angola, as communicated from the Foreign-office to
the Royal Geographical Society.
SECTION F.—STATISTICS.
His Grace the Archbishop of Dublin presided, as
on the preceding days, in this section on Saturday.
Mr. Gilbart commenced the proceedings by read-
ing a second paper on the laws of the currency in
Ireland, showing that the circulation of notes began to
decline every January, slowly at first, but afterwards
more rapidly until July, and reached its lowest
point in August. It then began to rise, and con-
tinued to do so until January, when it
again declined. This was accounted for by the fact
that in September the harvest began to be disposed
of, and the rent to the landlord was paid about the
end of the year, when the notes returned to the bank,
either to be placed to the account of the landlord, or
converted into cash. The total number of banks
of issue was 163, of which 76 were in Ulster.
As Ireland had a population of 6,500,000, and as the
population of Ulster was only two millions, their pro-
portion of banks out of 163 would have been only 30.
In some portions of the country the money circulation
of small notes (under .51.) was only fifty per cent. of
the whole returns, in Ulster it was 86 per cent.—
owing to the peculiarities of the linen trade requiring
small accounts in the purchase of materials, paying
for the manufacture, &c., though lately the trade
had undergone some change by which small amounts
of money were not so much required as formerly.
The average amount of gold and silver kept by
the banks for the purpose of making their notes
varied from 29 to 38 per cent. Gold could now
be so readily obtained from England by steamboats
and railways that it was not at present necessary to
put so large an amount of gold and silver in their
coffers as formerly. The recent discoveries of gold
in Australia and California had affected the price of
money in England, and reduced the interest on the
balances of the Irish banks kept in London, and it
became a matter of consideration whether, in keeping
smaller balances in London, the Irish bankers might
not afford greater accommodation to the people of
Ireland, which, he believed, might now be fairly and
safely done, especially to the new proprietary raised
under the Encumbered Estates Act.
In reply to a question Mr. Gilbart stated that he
had no alarm from the gold discoveries of California
and Australia reducing too much the value of money,
but he believed it would be a very happy thing for the
country.
Mr. Heywood, M.P., next read a paper on the in-
come of the University and some of the colleges of
Oxford, compiled from the report of the Oxford Uni-
versity Commissioners, from which it appeared, as far
as could be ascertained of nine colleges, that tho
average income of the heads of houses was 1,100/. a
year ; and, as regarded fellows, taking in the canons
of Christ Church, the average was 2341. a year. The
total income of the Oxford University was 22,0001,
and of the colleges, 152,0001. The income of Cam-
bridge University was about 133,000/. ; and of Trinity
College, Dublin, about 50,0001., making the total
about 355,0001. There were 557 fellowships in
Oxford, of which about thirty-five were vacant every
year. The revenue arising from the University press,
by the printing of Bibles and prayer-books, was stated
to be about 8,0001. a year, though the amount was not
regularly paid over, but only when it increased to
sums of 40,0001. or 60,0001.
Professor Hancock next read a notice of " The
progress of the Sewed Muslin Manufacture in Ire-
land," communicated by Mr. Holden. It stated that
the trade was introduced into Ireland between 1800
and 1810, but little progress was made with it until
between 1820 and 1830. The introduction of ma-
chinery for the spinning of linen yarn left the female
population of Ulster almost without employment,
but the introduction of embroidery amongst them
soon more than compensated them for their loss. The
introduction of lithographic printing between 1830
and 1835, instead of the old block system, was one of
the most important elements in firmly establishing
the trade. The old blocks cost from 3s. 6d. for sim-
ple patterns, to 61. or 71. for the more intricate, be-
sides the time (two or three weeks) formerly occu-
pied in the preparation of the patterns and cutting
them upon the blocks, whilst they could now be
produced in a few hours at about the same amount of
shillings as it formerly cost pounds. For a long time
there was a prejudice against Irish goods, which
prevented their selling out of Ireland, especially in
the London markets, and therefore the grey muslin
was sent to Glasgow when bleached and completed,
after which it was sold as Glasgow manufacture.
Upon that fact becoming generally known the preju-
dice began to wear away. ,The goods were completed
in Ireland, and the London and foreign buyers now
visited Belfast to make purchases as often as they
visited Glasgow, and the market was rapidly widen-
ing. So extensively indeed had the business increased
in the last fifteen years that there were now employed
in Ulster and other parts of Ireland nearly a quarter
of a million of individuals. The wages of the young
yersons, when they first commenced, were only from
6d. to ls. per week : the more experienced obtained
4s. to 65., and there was now paid between 500,000/.
and 600,0001. par annum for the manufacture, exclu-
sive of some of the cost of the materials ; and more-
over, the employment was afforded in the best
manner, being given to the young females at their
own homes, under the supervision of their
parents. A great deal of good had also been effected
by the establishment of training schools for teaching
embroidery, and the landed proprietors had been very
forward in establishing those institutions. Amongst
d
others the Earl and Countess of Enniskillen founded
one of these schools, the result of which wasthat
females of Enniskillen were now earning:hebYirish
broidery, no less than 4001. a week.
:n.
the
seat
in was rapidly growing in importancenia great
in despite of fiscal arrangements, was France where the
way on the continent. Even
import of such goods was altoigeeth. e%n3inut,e,rdiiitic,,te,da,n,at
large quantity obtained admission
fDaYshionafil pn the
at present one article was highly
rade was largely in-
salons of Paris. Certainly
verythreeason to anticipate that
creasing, and they bad e
it would advance still further.
HANICAL SCIENCE.
SECTION
James Thomson, Esq., C.E., read elaborate papers
Fairbairn• the vortex water-wheels;
onWilliam the jet pump, and °n
offered some remarks on the
Millie rifle • Alfred J. Woodhouse, EN., gave a de-

scription of a mould for casting conical bullets ;
William Fairbairn, Esq., gave a description of a new
kind of tubular boilers • papers were also read by
James Barton, Esq., C.E., on the permanent way of
railways; and by John Godwin, Esq., C.E., on an
improved cast iron sleeper for railways.
The grand evening conversazione of the associa-
tion took place on Saturday evening, in the room of
Messrs. Workman, which was fitted up as on the
previous occasion, and filled with
a brilliant as-
sembly.
A meeting of the general committee was held this
(Monday) afternoon at three o'clock, on the con-
clusion of the proceedings in the several sections.
Colonel Sabine, the president, occupied the chair.
A number of officers were appointed and other
routine business transacted ; but the principal sub-
ject engaging the attention of the committee was the
selection of a place in which to hold the next annual
meeting. Letters of invitation from Hull, Leeds,
Brighton, Glasgow, Liverpool, and Dublin, were
taken into consideration, and their respective claims
advocated. After some discussion, Hull was ulti-
mately selected.

NAVAL 1N TELLIGENCE.
Commander
ofn
_ Scotchl3enj
emigrantsarni
Bayntonto (AlBu4slt
Australis.
Benjamin as been ap-
pointed to
the Hercules old line-of-battle-ship, for the
conveyance
Baynton, h
Major
son of the late horn Sept. 17, 1789, in Wales, is
first-class volunteer, Benjamin Baynton, of Duncannon
Fort. This offie
entered the navy Nov. 3, 1801, as
olijsoard the Flora, 36, Captain
Edward Kendall, lying
LYmington; and, on subse-
quently proceeding to the Mediterranean in the Victory,
100, flag-ship of Lord Nelson
the capture of the French 32,-gun
which he assisted at
1803,n frigate Ambuscade,
became midshipman, in August,
32, Captain Samuel Sutton, under whomof the Am phion,
we find him
contributing to the capture of three
laden with treasure, and the destruction Spanish frigates of a fourth, off
Cape St. Mary, Oct. 5, 1804. While
the Halyson, 16, Captain Henry Whitnmet2tt attached toh Pearce, he
was on four occasions engaged with divisirsion
gun-boats-assisted, during an encounter wisthef Spanish
an armed
vessel off Malaga, in taking the enemy's
17, 1805-was instrumental in effecting launch, Oct.
capture,
after a gallant action with three privateers,
largest, the Neptune Dios de los Mares, of 14 gunf the
72 men, Dec. 13, 1806-commanded a mortar-boat in t:tile'
d
attack on the French batteries at Scylla, in February,
1808-was, constantly, from May 12 to June 27 follow-
ing, employed in a tender against the enemy in the Faro
of Messina and on the coast of Calabria-contributed,
on Sept. 8 in the same year, to the reduction of the town
of Diamante, and seizure of a flotilla of vessels under its
protection-and was further present at the ensuing de-
fence of the bland of Capri. After acting for eleven
months as lieutenant of the Ocean, 98, bearing the flag
of Lord Collingwood, and of the Cambrian, 40, Captain
Francis William Fane, he was at length confirmed to
the latter ship, by commission dated Jan. 2, 1810. In
the following September he co-operated in the reduction
of a French battery at Bagur, on the coast of Catalonia;
and he afterwards obtained the thanks of the patriot
General O'Donnell for his conduct at the storming of a
fort near Palamos, on which occasion the boat of
which he had command was struck by a shot,
and sunk almost before the wounded and the powder
could be removed. On the 13th of the following
December Mr. Baynton took charge of the Cam-
brian'a boats in an attack made, in conjunction with
those of the Kent and Ajax, 74's, and Sparrowhawk and
Minstrel sloops, on an enemy's convoy in the mole of
Palamos; and during the disastrous retreat of the Bri-
tish from that place, when the boat in which he was
serving grounded under a murderous fire from the shore,
sustained, without any means of resistance, a loss of 30
men killed and wounded, and was only eventually got
under way by the three survivors swimming and towing
her off, he received a musket-ball in his thigh, which,
we believe, has never been extracted. For his service on
the coast of Catalonia, where be was further present at
the defence of Tarragona, Mr. Baynton again obtained
the open thanks of General O'Donnell, also a gold medal
struck for the affairs at Bsgur and Palamos, and a sword
valued at 50/. Being next appointed, Jan. 23, 1812, to
the North Star, 20, Capt. Thomas Coe, he served in that
vessel, on the Channel and West India stations (the last
twelve months as senior lieutenant) until November,
1815, in the early part of which year he landed with a
party of seamen and marines on the island of Cuba, in
pursuit of the crew of an American letter-of-marque,
three of whom were taken prisoners, and the vessel ulti-
mately captured. He was afterwards employed for two
years and a hall, part of the time as first lieutenant, in
the Shark, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral John
Erskine Douglas, Sabine and Tay, Captains Alexander
Campbell and Samuel Roberts, and Salisbury, 50, flag.
ship of Rear-Admiral Douglas, all on the Jamaica ma
lion, where ho commanded for some time the Speedwell
tender. From May 1, 1818, until December 3, 1539,
with the exception of an interval in 1827, when, as agent
for transports afloat, he attended the expedition to
Portugal, he appears to have been on half-pay. He then,
until promoted to his present rank, November 23, 1841,
commanded the semaphore station at Cobham, Surrey.-
O'Byrne.
Paymaster-W. G. Parmeter (1842), to the Terma-
gant, 24, screw-frigate, at Portsmouth.
Assistant Surgeon-John Stuart, acting, to the Vic-
tory, flag-ship, at Portsmouth.
Mates-W. D Garland, to the Daring, 12, at Chat-
ham; W. S. de Kantzau, to the Electra, 14, Portsmouth;
C. It. Moberly, to the Aleander, 44, Spithead.
Naval Cadet-William Hartley has been nominated.
Cap taie Gordon, of the Encounter, screw.corvette,
to be paid off, it is reported, will have an appointment
connected with the steam department at the Royal
Naval College. Tee Eacounter will be paid off at
Woolwich.
motir. C.B.
i
Vice-Admiral Sir George Se,'
at Halifax, in the Cumberland, 70, Captan Seymour. s
The two steam-sloops, Buzzard, Commander Dobbie,
and Basilisk, Commander Ron. F. Egerton, were cruis-
ing in the straits of Belleisle, and the Devastation, 6,
steam-sloop, Commander Cohn Campbell, was at Pic-
*
toll. The Netley tender was cruising in ,the Bay of
Fundy.
Roar-Admiral Corry's squadron, the Prince Regent,
Rooney, 92, Captain Graham,
90, Captain Hutton;
in •
C.B ; Leander, 50, Captain Is. g, Arethasa, 50, Cap-
tain Symonds, has loft Lisbon by this time on the home-
ward cruise to Cape Clear. The squadron will not be
home before the end of the month.
Captain Skibsted, of the Danish navy, has been visit-
ing the royal dockyard, by special permission of the
Admiralty.
OLD MEN-OF-WAIL-The Tweed, 18, Racer, 16,
Seagull, 10, and Kestrel brigantine, are ordered to be
broken up and their names to be removed from the Navy
List. The Tweed was built at Portsmouth in 1823, and
is of 500 tons; the second, the Racer, was one of the
pegtop class of sloops, 431 tons, and was built at Ports-
mouth in 1833; the Seagull, of 279 tons, was built at
Chatham in 1831, and has been employed as a packet;
the Kestrel, of 200 tons; was the yacht of the late Earl
of Yarborough, was built by White, and was purchased
by the late Government on the decease of the late Earl,
Archer, 14, screw-sloop, Commander Strange, will
not come to Spithead, but will remain in the Tagus
until further orders.
Blenheim, 60, screw-ship, Captain W. H. Henderson,
C. 8,, visit
will be at sea for a month. She will Queens-
town in her exercising cruise.

--C—alipti-o7lB,Captain Forbes,
be ready to come out of was at Greytown by
laatadvic
8,
ea , all well.
Conflict, screw-sloop,
will
dock by the 16th of October, at Portsmouth.
Diligence transport, Master-Commander Mitchell, is
to carry stores to Gibraltar, and tob return to Portsmouth.
Driver, 6, steam-sloop,
for commission by the Ist of Woolwich on the 25th of September,
Geyser, 6, steam-sloop,__ willt November.
Geyser, out of dock at
isdNeoaieedsatnd will be,rafarye
newly-raised crew will be paid adsancepetnnaPy7t-u
proceeding to Port Royal. flor
e o
Greenock, iron screw-ship, sold to the
Mail Company, will be
ready to come out of dock at
Woolwich on the 18th.
Dart, tender to the flag-ship at Sheerness, has been
for the
boys
sent to Yarmouth and Lowestoft, to enter
navy, , is ordered to
Australian
Magicienne steam-frigate, at Devoe!
hofaysetehaemr
rdeesfeercytes.made good and.tophlea;d:s t
all:
Belize by
Persian, 12, Commander Mitchell,
last advices.
Portsmouth on
0811.wtoillcobmeeeeomutpoleftedoecek
an
.cd home immediately,
btlearug us t 7.
was at Port BuY6-, .!I C. 13. Hamilton, proceeds direct
Vestal, 24, Captal
advanced
st:l3 Rosamond,
,p6b,yt willhet
blO 6b.21:
it;
o,trhoeapa!dndyos
tradne
tr
to Jamaica.
es TCrESDAT MOIINING.—Her Majesty's
:ivics't,eam troop-ship Megtera, Commander J.
comp by the artificers of the dockyard.
brig Bittern, 12, Commander Vansit-
tart,has her topmasts on end, and is getting on rapidly
jiroogroZi.siesty s
with her equipment.
Her Majesty's ship Achille, 76, was removed yesterday
from the harbour, and towed by the Lizard and African
1 steamers to Black Stakes, in the river Medway, where
1 moorings have been laid down for her. She is a hand-
some looking line-of-battle ship of the old class, and was
built upwards of fifty years ago atter the plan of the
Pomre,3,_

Her Majesty's ship Hercules, 72, is to be placed into
the hands of the Commissioners of the Colonial Land
and Emigration Socit.ty, who will have the superinten-
dence, of the internal fittings for the reception of emi-
grants. After landing the emigrants in some of t 1 .e
colonies, the Hercules will convey a cargo of timi.or to
this country.
Her 11.1ajsty's brig IC, sPgar^°, 12, has been built on
similar lines to the Flying 1, iNh. She is one of that
class of yeas. Is which will probfbly become obsolete as
i
the screw-propeller s brought more generally into use.
Her principal diaienslons are as follows:—Leugth be-
tween p-rpcndiculrs, 105 feet ; length on the upper
deck, 105 fiat 9 inches; breadth, extreme, 33 fret 6
inches; ditto, moulded, 32 feet 8 inches; depth in hold,
15 feet; burden in tons, 480.

,
/ (
ANCHO THUM
yes-
terday ys hoonrt t thheopti ga
rha
di net!: eo u
nudg experiment etrhi me e n
dockyard,
was m a dienytehse
/
presence of Commodore the Hon. Montagu Stopford,
Captain-Superintendent C. Hope, Captain Mundy, of the
London, 90; Commander 11. Pryce, of the Monarch, 84;
Mr. Aylen, blaster-Attendant, and several of the officers
of the ships in port, for the purpose of ascertaining the
canting properties of the several anchors. The whole
of them, eight in number, were placed in a line on their
stock end, and a 36-fathom length of chain was emcee-
sinly bent on to each, with tackle and running gear
attached to it. Upon this a party of marines hove
smartly until the anchors canted into biting positions.
In this instance the American anchor achieved a tri-
umph, turning over immediately the strain was applied.
The distances dragged by each of the others before cant-
ing were very trifling. Aylen's was drawn 22 inches,
which was the greatest of any. In this respect, there-
fore, there is comparatively little difference between
them. The officers present evidently evinced much in-
terest in these important experiments, from which much
pratical information of the present state of the anchor
art may be gained.
A general meeting of the members of the committee
will he holden at the dockyard on Monday, the 13th
inst., at 9 Am., to take into consideration some import-
ant matters then to be brought under notice, and to
select those anchors which have proved the most efficient
during the previous trials for further testing at the Nore
and elsewhere.

APPOINTMENTS.

Lieutenant J. W. Armstrong (1852) to the Dauntless
steam-frigate at Portsmouth.
PROMOTIONS.

Commanders—Edward Southwell Sotheby (1841),
George Sumner Hand (1841), and Michael De Conroy
ie u
thean t s
e
(1842), to the rank of captain.
.L
Henry Cumberland (1841),Tr01 lieu-
tenantefir(lB4l
,
Joseph G. Bickford (1841), recently first lieutenant of
r°ht auvsi au, s 5O;
the Cumberland, 70, on the North America and West
India station; and Robert Hall (1843), recently acting
commander of the Hound, 8, brig on the west coast of
Africa station—to the rank of commander.
Mates—John Richard Lawrence (1849), serving in
the Hermes steam-sloop on the East Indies station;
John Edward Doran (1849), serving in the Persian, 12,
sloop on the North America and West Indies station;
Thomas Edward Smith (1849), serving in the Tiger,
16, steam-frigate on the Mediterranean station; Har-
court Thomas Gammen (1849), serving in the London,
90, at Sheerness; Augustus Thomas J. Bullock (1849),
engaged with his father, •Captain Bullock, on the sur-
veying service; Henry Herbert Morgan (1849), serving
in the Leander, 50; Frederick Pyne (1850), serving in
the Prince Regent, 90; Hon. Frederick O'Brian Fitz-
maurine (1850), serving in the Dauntless steam-frigate;
Marcus Edmiston Smlthett (1851), serving in the Bri-
tannia, 120, flag-ship on the Mediterranean station; and
Thomas Llaggerston Collingwood (1852), serving in the
Arrogant steam-frigate—to the rank of lieutenant.