The Sun.
London, England, 1852-04-21 00:00:00

fuletural:Alaf.k;.

,e Pairona., of her -Itajest
AZ,Nrt
Proprietor and Manager, Mr. W. Batty.
The meet luccessin and pootiar Theatre In London.
THIS EVENING,
Will be presented a new grand Military Spectacle, which is now
suiting all Paris, eutltlel BOI•iAPARTE IN EGYPT ; or, the
Battle of Alxukir.
To be followed by Batty's Inimitable Scenes of the Arena.
To conclude with a Laughable earce.
Tickets to be had at the Box-office irom "Eleven till Four daily.

Under

and ,do Pry*; -ffig-unt.+l,l

Stage Manzi:cr. Mr. Leclercq.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tars D&T —.Morning 5 min. after 3 I Evening 21 min after 3
To•llioasow—Morning 35 rain. after 3 I Evening 50 mm after 3

THE WEATHER.—Sus OFFICE, APRTL 21.
THERMO3IETER, IN THE SHADE.
52—highest since noon yesterday.
30—lowst this morning and during the night.
52—this day, at noon.

BAROMETER, 201.5.
Worn variable from S.E. to S.W.—light breeze and fine
sunshiny weather.

DAILY WEATHER TABLE.

State of the Wind and Weather at each of the following
places at Nine o'clock yesterday morning.—The
are arranged in order of latitude. stati°llB
PooLß—Wind R, gentle bretens cloudless.
PORTSMOUTH—Wind S.W.,
geritle I:rbreeze—cloudless.
Btracarros—Wind partially cloudy.
HAATnros--Wind S., gentle breez:bezpeaTtially cloudy.
—reeze—cloudless.
SouTHANProN—Wind S.E., strong;
For-Hasrosß—Wind S., light airs—partially
cloudless.
Tu,sBEIDGF,--Wind W., stronggezbr
GREENWICH—WindS.W„
STROOD—Wind S.W., gentle breeze—ceieozuej cloudless.
LEIGHTON—Wind N.E., gentle breeze fine.
tee:2l'barrtiall7 cloudy.
N.E., calm—cloudless.
•
CAMBRIDGE—Wind S.W., gentle breeze—clondleas
yAinfouTh—liind S.W., gentle breeze—cloudless:
The returns from the following places indicate the state of
the wind and weather on Monday morning
at nine
o'clock :
LusrucK—Wind W., calm—cloudless.
MoLumeAß—.-Wind S., gentle breeze—cloudless.
LBIGHToB—Wind N.E., gentle breeze—partially cloudy.
HoLyHzAD —Wind S.Vir., gentle breeze—
Partially. .ClOuy•
LaNcesTzE —Wind
calm—principally clear. -
WHITBY—Wind S., gentle breeze—overcast.
DARLINGTON-Wind S.S.E., gentle breeze—cloudless.
SHAp— vvind S.W., calm—partially cloudy.
BEsTrocH—Wind N.W , gentle breeze—overcast.

At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean daily
reading of the barometer WAS 30.055 in. on Sunday, it
rose on Monday, and on Tuesday was 30.170 in and y,
above 30 in. till Friday ; the mean of the week was
30012 in. The mean daily temperature was 42-7°. on Sun-
day, or 3 2° below the average of corresponding days in ten
years; it rose continuousiv till Wednesday, when it was
571°, or 11.3° above the average. It fell below the averTe
on Thursday, awl. en Friday was only 41.5 Q, which is 5.3.
below the average of the same day. The mean kempera-
ture of the week wa- 47°, Th,,, wind was generally in the
east till Friday, on which day and Saturday it blew from the
north-east.

-13
.74 Jft
,4
At# ;277 6
•••, ‘_4!•3
s- 4 ,7-:"=`a D
Ee
13 1. „•A • tree-I..N_Aii„,...-

,•
LONDON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 21;' 1852.

11"1934tY impels us to wish well, very cordially,
towards qua
the united
sztarelike expedition which the citizens of
are fitting out against the Japanese'
--prudence prom
pate but con,p,,Pnt,rg is at the same time, to antici-
pate
in which ely !riding advantege from an
the
attheriala are so extravagantly
disproportionate. Aitorage
will consist' of three p„,:er f' the Proposed squadron
steam-frigates, one
sailing frigate, one corvette, ailluone store ship. With
the aid of thi; force, 2,000 ra
c:colenturies or un-
and military,
purpose to wreak vengeance for two
interrupted cruelty upon an
cif country
Japan, an island embracing an exten: Power like
equivalent to MON than' the whole of
I'lltuce united! Namely, six England iind
'Nati& t...
lux i

extent of country sf)reading over no less than
266,600 square mik,s Or, to calculate the
matter yet more'glaf ingly for its extravagance-2,000
Americans pitted against 30,000,000 Japanese. For
at that enormous aggregate has the population of
Japan been computed,—the lowest estimate being
20,000,000 for its actual inhabitants. Yet with the
" ridiculously small amount" of the squadron already
specified do the citizens of the United States dream
of humbling the pride of this haughty and not undis-
ciplined race of islanders. The number of fighting
men to be entrusted with this somewhat hazardous task,
is, on the first blush, altogether inadequate, alike for
the purposes of conquest or chastisement.
Hazardous we call the undertaking advisedly., be-
cause although the multitude to be assailed are un-
questionably barbarous in their utter igno-
rance of civilization, they are, nevertheless,
hardy warriors enough, warriors, too, not unskilled
it diplornitcy of cn,flict. or t!`") rensrnvres 01
Durip9: I colt-it,. illde,sd, ti's

lePv

.Tz pwit

of -c

%,,,I4ibitalli3 In

in the- .1117,44.1' of

Vat` 121tala, , Sas ta ala.a, at' ux.:
as our own bf2poys Hindoston—acting, moreover,
in that capacity with all the rugged valour of the
ancient condettieri. It appears manifest, therefore,
from the consideration of all these facts, from our
knowledge of the warlike disposition of the Japanese,
from our knowledge that their community is va-
riously estimated at an aggregate ranging from
20,000,000 as a minimum to 30,000,000 as a maxi-
mum, that the preparations made by. the United
States are altogether insufficient for the exigency of
the occasion, while with a painful sense of this very
probable inadequacy it is impossible not to wish the
fullest success to the projected expedition.
Humanity, we have said, induces us to look for-
ward with eager solicitude to the triumph of the
American arms over the arms of the Japanese. Nor
in so speaking have we uttered anything like words
of extravagance. For the punishment proposed to be
administered to the people of Japan will be expiatory
Of acts of cruelty on their part, more dastaadly and
prolonged than have ever been recoided of any race,
however far removed from civilization, unless they
have happened to be two-legged wild beasts, such its
mere cannibals or anthropophagi ! According to a
compact entered into some 200 years ago, the Dutch
have been nominally allowed to send one annual ship
to Nangasaki, but otherwise the people of Japan have
traded with none but the Chinese. Foreigners of every
other country have been prohibited during the past two
centuries from holding any intercourse whatsoever
with the inhabitants. The penalty inflicted upon
such strangers to the soil as dared to penetrate be-
yond its sacred frontiers was almost invariably
death, sometimes, but very rarely, commuted to per-
petual imprisonment. With such rigorous severity
have these most infamous laws of exclusion been en-
forced that even foreign vessels in distress have been
repulsed from the inhospitable shores of Japan, while
shipwrecked mariners saved from the tempest have
been thrown into dungeons, exhibited in iron cages,
and afterwards most cruelly executed. Against these
inhuman proceedings the United States (which of all
the powers of the world has, of late years, been the
most frequent sufferers in consequence) is at
length about to protest with the logic of
bullets and the eloquence of cannon balls.
Considering that the crimes about, therefore, to be
thus avenged are in open violation, not merely of the
inalienable rights of nations, but also of the sacred
and immutable laws of nature, it is, we repeat it,
again and again, most earnestly to be hoped that the
efforts about to be adventured upon by the Republic
of North America may be signally decisive in their
character, leading, in fact, to the speedy and, of
course, compulsory abandonment of the system of
exclusiveness hitherto enforced by the Japanese.
Unfortunately the principal cities of Japan will be
found by the United States' squadron unassailable
from their inland situation. The buildings of the ca.
pital, Jeddo, may, it is true, be beaten down by the
American artillery,
but with a force so pecu-
liarly insignificant as that of merely two
thousand, when brought against a hardy race
of disciplined barbarians numbering, as we have said,
from 20,000,000 to 30,000,000 altogether, it would
be vain or rather absurd to dream of pushing forward
to the wealthy and luxurious city of Meaco. Never-
theless, while these adverse circumstances are indis-
putable, there is likewise one reinsrkable fact which
is no less so—the fact that the ido atrous fauaticisin of
tho Japanese cannot be very readily roused against
their assailants by the s oiri tual potentate of
the island, the ancient ieflaaace of the Dairi
having long since passed away, giving place
to the inure matter-of fact pa wer of the Ciao,
or secular Emperor. With his solditrs the aval and
military forces engaged iu the U .iced S' ates' expedi-
tion will have to compete—and that the struggle may
prove vt ry speedily advantageous to the latter is, most
fervently to be desired, not only on behalf of the
sacred name of humanity, but likewise and in a par-
ticular manner of the no less holy cause of civili-
zation.

It is impossible to overrate the importance of the
measure of Chancery Reform introduced by the
LORD CHANCELLOR into the House of Lords on
Monday evening. It strikes at the very root of ono
of the most serious abuses that has sprung up
during successive generations. It is the practice in
the Master's office, together with the entire system
of reference to other and different officers, that led to
the interminable delays and ruinous ex-
penses that were so loudly and so justly
complained of, and which, in fact, caused the entire
tribunal to stink in the nostrils of the public. For
that Lord ST. LEONARDS has brought forward a
radical remedy, one which will completely eradicate
the disease, and he has acted wisely and judiciously
in limiting the present Bill to the abolition of the
office of Master in Chancery, and the changes neces-
sary in ' consequence of that abolition. It must
not for a moment be supposed that it is the
only measure of legal reform which the Noble
and Learned Lord intends to submit to the con-
sideration of Parliament.. On the contrar.y, we
are assured on the highest authority that a Bill
to carry out the recommendations of the Chan-
cery Commissioners is at this moment in progress,
and that, in the course of the next three weeks, a
measure will be laid before their Lordships, intended to
carry into effect ell the propositions which the Commis-
sioners suggested. This is satisfactory intelligence,
which will convey comfort to many an anxious
suitor, now suffering under " the hope deferred, that
maketh sick the heart."

The present Bill, as we have stated, only deals
.with the Master's office. It is to come into operation
on the first day of Michaelmas Term. From that
period the four senior Masters are to retire on full sa-
laries, which (there being at present one vacant) will
nowasb:,iftiorrien thtehm,.
leave five Master s, who are to wind up all the busi-
nessbusiness
may think fit to and to dbpose of such other
egot,6eslientteortvhail rrhaerLciOsil7n.ClllA,N;ieCyElw,Liolla:
however, have additional powers
rn eowerred on them,
enabling them toteixtupeindairl,:tredrs t-o ...t. 0 1 ring every
suit to a speedy
dilly-
dally ins that has been so F,xi:enal.l to
prelent the .
i t aTh
thehl pe
by
Learned certain
ne d Lord class
h d ',() ;we ItYli la:ntdi occupyingll:nscerr:
Nreosobrietedantdo
woolsack in Ireland, introduced c. rt dill Te ifti , 0 jr,,..
with this object, which proved eunnezeminentlyl;nfifici-t-i
in their operation, but which, strange to say, havo not
yet been
imported into this country. Had they
de:fi
ethey d
would have removed many
ei
s ee
COM phOnts. Bat the Masters still sat for single
hours, considerable intervals e-
4114ng between
each hearing, so that every question should be re-
peated over and over again, usque ad nauseam.
A decision thus became unattainable, and
the proceedings - became interminable. Either
party could resort to the Fabian policy, and
procrastinate to almost any extent, if willing
ito incur the rLk of costs, a danger that was
but slightly regarded when there was a "fund in
court" at which all sides could pall with impunity.
Now, however, matters must be proceeded with, or
the Master will know the reason why, and, as he will
be armed with stringent powers to stimulate the
tardy, we may reasonably anticipate that every cause
to a Speedy conclusion unless good
and
bes broughtufaeient
reason should be assigned for its
retention within the jurisdiction of the Court.
So far for the suits now pending, and which have
already been referred to the Musters forincluiri es ads

,
t reports. But tie Improvement will be more striking, 1
and far more beneficial, in all causes brought before 1
the Court in and after Michaelmas Term. Thence-
forward there will be no references. The Judges in
Equity, the Master of the Rolls, and the
three Vice-Chancellors, will, with the assist-
ance of their respective chid' and second clerks,
dispose of all the business heretofore transacted by
the Masters. The whole of the cumbrous machinery,
which so fearfully multiplied the expenses and re-
tarded the progress, will be completely got rid of.
The same person who decides on the facts will de-
termine the law applicable to that state of facts ; or if
it be impossible to pronounce a complete decision, be
will be enabled personally to conduct the necessary in-
quiries, to see that they are pertinent, end to prevent
either party from riding off on collateral issues.
The Judge-Master question will thus be satisfactorily
decided, the important problem raised by the Society
for Promoting the Amendment of the Law, so ably
erma-cl it. i-1)6 .Esir Roriew, -wed which we base
Pir-Ftive S"7 .(,,,,,,;.li --,r irnly
.., ear:. Ivia at le7gth be

Ynly4~, ar:~ •.

it: tt.: t. !..'jq t,,}

.mpiA: and riiilclu!iye

thet :1' a Zinri
be disposed of in as many days from the first hearing
and the interlocutory judgment, as they have here-
tofore required years, and that, too, at a tithe of the
outlay. _ _ .

The learned and distinguished Judges who have
lent their aid to carry out this admirable plan
—the MASTER of the ROLLS, and Vice Chancellors
TURNER, KINDERSLEY, and FAIRER, have entitled
themselves to the marked thanks and gratitude of the
community, for the patriotic feeling which has in.
duced them freely, and gratuitously, to undertake so
large additions to their already onerous duties. They
have disregarded all personal considerations, looking
only to the public benefit, and we trunt that the peo-
ple will duly estimate the zeal that has induced these
Learned Gentlemen to consent freely to the change
involviog so much additional labour on their parts.
There is no portion of the all in which Lord ST.
LEONARDS has eracised a wi-er discretion than in his
resolute avoidance of Southerripton-badings. lithe
clerks once got from under the eyes of their respec-
tive principals., they would become to all intents and
purposes "masters," carrying on separate and inde-
pendent jurisdictions. Now, it is the chief object of
the present measure that they should be in all re-
spects subordinate, diminishing the labour of the
judge, by clearing the way, and leaving only essential
points on which his opinion should be taken, but not
being in any degree substitutes or deputies. For
the present suitable chambers are to be provided in
Lincoln's Inn for these learned judges and their re-
spective staffs until proper courts can be erected. No
expense of any consequence will be necessary, for the
sale of the chambers in Southampton-buildings will
provide the requisite funds. The achange will also
have this good effect, that the courts must hencefor-
ward hold their sittings at Lincoln's Inn, and no
longer vibrate between it and Westminster. When
this is effected perhaps suitable courts will be erected
in the vicinity of the different inns of court for the
transaction of all the law business of the country.

To-morrow evening the Honourable Gentleman
the Member for Manchester will bring under the
consideration of the House of Commons the different
taxes on knowledge, and will move, in separate
resolutions—That such financial arrangements ought
to be made as will enable Parliament to dispense
with the duty on paper. That the newspaper
stamp ought to be abolished. That the tax on
advertisements ought to be repealed. It is more
than probable that Honourable Gentlemen,
who will speedily have to meet their constituents face
to face, will lend their aid in carrying out some or
all of these important objects. It is also certain that
the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER will receive the
suggestion more favourably than his prede-
cessor, to whom the gross and palpable in-
justice of any impost appeared to be its
strongest recommendation. We can scarcely conceive
Mr. DISRAELI affirming the propriety of a law which
charges as high a duty on the humble appli-
cation of a wretched sempstress or servant-maid
out of place, for employment as on the an-
nouncement of the sale of wide-spread
domains, or the organization of Leviathan companies
with millions of capital. We do not mean to say that
the tax on advertisements is not objectionable in every
ca'e. It is, indeed, equally impolitic in all, as crea-
ting an impediment to the publicity that is exceed-
ingly desirable.. But it is not attended with the same
heartrending remits, which r-ivier it as cruel as it is
u. just and inexpedient. Tiler,. are m iny, ! too
many, persona whose only cppitzi is thr-ir l ibow', avii -,e
only aspiration is to obtain that occupation vi hich
will enabls fhein to gain an honeit
To these we refuse a-si-tanee theough this infa-
nious law. They shall not iihke their wishes known
unless on payment of a sum which would supply them
with bread tor a week, and h.nce many hundreds,
aye, thousands are driven to the union workhouses,
or to the most heartrending miseries through the
malign operation of the tax on advertisements.
Gladly would we see the other matters alluded
to by Mr. Giasos abolished, but the adver-
tisement duties are even more pressing ;
and we ss ould gladly accept their repeal as
an instalment of justice during the present session.
Mr. DISRAELI has a large surplus, and although
there are many claims on him, he might surely make
some concession in a matter which poQsesse.s peculiar
claims on his consideration. A boon on such a
point gracefully conferred would have a strong
effect at the present moment, and afford the best
answer to the prejudiced reports that have been raised
against him. The repeal of the advertisement duties,
and an equitable modification of the• income-tax,
would be most favourably received throughout the
length and breadth of the land.. There is not a single
constituency in the empire in which they would not
be hailed with pleasure and gratitude.

PORTUGAL.
(BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.)

PORTSMOUTH, WEDESDAY MORNING.

Her Majesty's ship Encounter (14), Captain Gor-
don, arrived at Spithead this' morning from Lisbon
which she left on the 15th.

The Queen and King bad embarked in the war-
steamer Terceira at 7 in the morning of the 15th to
proceed up the Tagus as far as Villa Franca, whence
the Court would go on to Coimbra, Leiria, Porto,
and Vianna, returning to Massa and Cintra
about the 15th of May. The Duke.of Saldanha
companied their Majesties, but the Duke of Terceira
had not arrived at Lisbon in time, the French war-
steamer Newton not having returned with his Grace
from Cadiz at the time appointed.
The Tagus packet, with the Peninsular mails of the
7th, arrived at Lisbon on the 11th, and left for Gib-
raltar on the 12th.

The Tevia, with the Brazil mails of the 9th, ar-
rived on the 13tb, and ltft for Madeira on the 14th,
at seven in the morning. All well.
Our correspondent feared that few of the hoer,
chanis would have been enabled to answer th4r Eng-
lish letters, as th,,. Encounter's letvii,g for Ei,glutio
on taking a mil bad b.-en posted a* the British post
office at two P?d iwi It w.'s undereond she was to
leave in two flours biter tbst.time.