The Sun.
London, England, 1852-09-03 00:00:00

FRID tkY EVENING, SEPTEMBER a, lBsgi

THE POPISH. CONFESSIONAL.
In one of his recent speeches at Leeds, to a crowded
audience, Fether Gayszzi made some startling revela-
tions reepecting the immoralties of the confessional,
and also of the political purposes to which that tre-
mendous engine of priestly power is applied. The
following passages from the Father's eloquent spech
deserve to be read with the greatest attention :
Generally speaking, the priests are all immoral—a
fact which is supported by the details of the public
trials in France. You have fifieen or twenty trials of
confessors t'or murder recorded; and from these records
it appears that the beginning of the passion, the cri-
minal passion, was in the confessional. In this manner
these confessors became guilty while confessing those
girls, who were afterwards alike their accomplices
and their victims.—(Hear, hear.) Go now, you
Romanists, and apologise for your auricular confes-
sion. Auricular confession, I say, is immoral in its re-
sults, as they eperate upon private families. Who is the
master of a Christian family? Always the father confes-
sor. Son, obey thy confessor rather than thy father.
Daughters, obey sooner your confessors than your mo-
thers. Wives, obey rather the confessor; and also in the
duties of a wife, obey rather your confessors than your
husbands.—(Applause.) And it is the same with ser-
vants, they will obey their confessors rather than their
masters. Is this moral, is it pure, is it of good report?
No, no. God himself has appointed one to be chief in
everyfamily; but the priesthood seek to destroy this
authority,
because their ambition and their influence are
mp
ered and increased at the expense of peace and una-
nimityp
a
of private families.—(Applause.) Confessors and
confession are disturbers of everything. We have abun-
dance of facts in history to prove this. We have the
n Kings of Spain—we have the confession
cooftfhecwn
the Kings lhe
of Portugal—we have the confession of the
Kings of Frauce—we have the confession of the Kings of
Italy, that the cent, ssional has destroyed all liberties in
muse kingdoms. We have it recorded in history-, that it
e,„ the eentessors who obtained the expulsion of the
Moors from Spain and Portugal—that it was the confes-
sors who obtained the massacre of the Huguenots on the
eve of St. Bartholomew—teat it was his fetter confessor
ho obtained from Look XIV. the revocation of the edict
of Nantes, in antagoeism to the liberty of the Calvinists.—
( Applause.) In this manner you have in every part of Eu-
, ope despots acting under the suggestions of their father
confessor; and, as I will demonstrate in my last lec-
ture, even the hyaena of Naples would not be so wicked,
were it not for the influence of his father confessor.
Such is tlse,
society potency
most exalted of the confessional even in the
y in various nations of the earth,
and it is not only in the kingdoms of despots that the
confessional does its unhallowed work, but also in
constitutional kingdoms. You have an instance
"f this in the kingdom of Piedmont, when the
e..iccardi laws were passed against the usurpation
of Pope and Popery. Many of the bigoted sena-
tors had called for an adjournment of the session, in
order that they might consult their father confessors as
to their votes, and the answer of the confessors was,
o you must vote against the laws siccardi and against
the liberty of the citizens—you must support none but
Rome and its tyranny." My friends, it is the same in
England. Last year was a very instructive one to me;
it learnt me a great lesson as to the influence of the Romish
Church in this country, and that lesson is one which
.ill be very much enlarged during the forthcoming Bri-
tish Parliament. The Irish Brigade—(Cheers)—the Irish
iirigade do not vote independently like Englishmen.—
(near.) No; their vote will always be in obedience to
their father confessors; their vote will always be in
support of the Pope, and the usurpation of the Pope
against the laws and constitution of your country—against
the majesty of your Queen, and against the glory of your
nation.—(Repeated applause.) Such now is the Irish
lirigade. And I say that until you do away with the
confessional, you never will have a proper or a com-
petent Legiele we, until you do away with the con-
"stone' you never will have aconstitutional Parliament,
or a free Parliament.—(Cheers.) I cot elude my lecture
try quoting a horrible fact—as a proof of the immorality
of auricular confession—l allege a fact which took place
in my poor Italy. When the Roman Republic destroyed
the Palace of the Roman Inquisition, we found many
and many thousands of letters written by Roman
Catholic bishops all over the world, discovering and
inekteg known all the chief liberals, not only
in Europe, but in America and Asia. Now all this
information had been extorted by means of the
"nfessi"nsi•—(Sensation ) We have four bulls of
Popes. Benedict XIII., Pius VII., Leo XII., and Gre.
eory X VI., who thereby command all confessors to
oblige all penitents to discover or reveal to them all the
iberals who exist to their knowledge. Oh, English-
men, Englishmen, judge you from this only led of
the wicked tendency and immoral nature of auricular
confession.—(Applause.) In my poor -Italy, many
sisters were obliged to denounce their brothers. In
my poor Italy many, many sons were obliged to de-
nounce their fathers. And, horrible to say, many
mothers were obliged to denounce their sous—their
dear sons—Aho, after a few hours, were bound by
the police, condemned to prison—nay, not unlikely, to
she scaffold itself. This is the confessional in my coun-
try, and it is a system of universal espionage over
all Europe. Ins purpose is to suppress ell aspire-
iens for freedom, for civil and religious liberty, and
Cr, the nationality of my poor country. Oh, cruel con-
tessional.—(Applause.) Some of the facts which I
have quoted, mind you, are Irish facts. In Ire-
land there is a fanatic, a desperate man, that green-
,tockinged angel of Tuam—(Loud applause) —Dr.
al‘flele, who, some months ago, gave judgment upon
a reserved case of reading the Bible, and his
sentence went to deprive of absolution all Irishmen read-
ing the Holy Bible. Now, take notice, my friends, in
Ireland there exists a bad society, a society of murderers.
this society is called the Ribbon Society. Is it a Pro-
testant or a Catholic society? It is a Catholic society.—
(Applause.) Answer me, priesthood of Ireland. Answer
me, ye Romish bishops of Ireland, answer me.—(Loud
epplause.) In my country, oa all the Continent, and
throughout Great Britain, the opinion is that the Ro-
mish clergy in Ireland encourage the Ribbon Society—
(Vehement applause)—.and without the approbation of
she Romish clergy the present Ribbon Society would not
exist. You Romish priests, when you preach to these
societies, you preach to the murderers who are among
their members. You Romish priests, when you
absolve members of the Ribbon Society, you absolve
'hose who are murderers. You Romish bishops,
you approve of the murders committed by
theßbon silently
Society. It is not true, you say. Well,
but we ask you to deprive of the sacrement and of abso-
lution all the members guilty
of murder belonging to
t the Ribbon Society; and then you will see, and
the world will see, that in a few short months the
Ribbon Society ill
w--- fall and be extinct.—(Loud ap-
plause,) It the Ribbon Society is still to exist, and to
remain so great a difficulty for Parliament and the
English natien—if the Ribbon Society is to continue a
scandal to Christianity, You, priests of Rome,
are
alone
responsible for it, because you are the confessors always
deverywhere of its members, and you absolve the
em
guilty of murder belonging to the Ribbon
.innbers
) This is too surely the fact.
it if repeat, there is not an in-
SpoecniyeL poou,scl it?e.eers i
Rome so immoral in itself, or
sLitiueatimonoroafl sinheit heffuracts
afs auricular confession. Auri-
cular confession is a game played by the Popes for se-
curing the bondage of conscience, and for the enslaving
of nations.—(Cheers.) Beware, Englishmen, beware.
Without auricular confessions you are good Chris-
tians, and generally speaking, your population is im-
pressed with great moral principles. There is much
true and sincere morality iu your country. If
you would preserve that standard, defend and
guard yourselves against confessors defend and
guard yourselves against auricular confession. In
distractedmy country
we have confessors and
confession in abundance
; but we are bigots—we are
oppressed—
we are slaves, we are the tools and victims
,
of the Inquisition. Oh, that God may bless your coun-
try. Wiibout auricular confession, without the bad im-
portunity of the priest between your God and your con-
science, you can preserve the good, and bright, and pre-
cious inheritance of your ancestors—your glorious Re-
formation, your Christian Reformed Church.—(Cheers.)

CAUTION TO LADIES.--PETERSHAM,
SEPT.
2 A
frightful accident has Just occurred in this quiet village. A
lady was driving a
pair of horses, and had just turned out of
Richmond Park, when, on descending the hill to Petersham,
the hind wheels and
the horses started Off at lull speed, and came in contact with
a gentleman's carriage, earrying away
springs, first throwing out.. a little boy, five years old, a, ,d
then, by coming in collision with a wail, the lady also, with
great violence. The horses still continued their mad course,
and by a sudden turn in the road the phaeton was dashed to
'
pieces, and the daughter, a young lady 22 years of age, was
dreadfully in;ured. The, mother and little boy were kinol
received at Mrs. Walker s, and the daughter taken into the
village inn, the Fox and Ulleli- They promptly received
0 n Wu
teyd
corner esoda
medical attention, and but little hopes are entertained of
their surviving.—Front a Correspondent.
!•QUARE.
, Princes-
street, SUICIDE IN HANOVER'
an inquiry took place before Mr. Langham, dep
for Westminster, in the drawing room of No. 4
street, Hanuver.square, respecting the circumstances attend-
ing the death of Mr. Thomas Taylor, aged 53. On Saturday
he retired to bed about eleven o clock, the
servant placing
his night light for him. On Sundaymorning, as he did not
make his appearance, the servant knocked at his door but,
• • he turned the latch, and found
receiving no answer, s . She called him
hanging inside close beside it. to the footman,
who held him up while she cut the cord, and a surgeon was
sent for, who on his arrival pronounced him to be quite
dead, and that he had been so for many hours. The de-
ceased must have accomplished the act, which must have
occupied at least an hour, in a singular manner. He slept
in a press bedstead, which had the appearance of a
ward-
robe when folded up. He had made use of a carpet bag,
which he had ingeniously fixed over the top, all the white
probably with the rope round his neck, so that when he
leaped from a chair he should go to the floor, on which one
of his knees was, instead of the bed. The jury returned a
verdict— That the deceased destroyed himself while in a
state of Temporary Insanity.
DEATH FROM EATING CHAMPIGNONS.-011 Wed-
nesday Mr. G. S. Brent held an inquest at the Princess Vic-
toria, Starch green, Hammersmith, upon the potman, who
was killed by eating champignons--a species of mushroom_
under the following circumstances:—It appeared from the
evidence that on the Wednesday previous a lad named
George Turner gathered a pint of champignons, which lie
cooked at the Victoria, and equally divided between himself,
an old man of the name of Newton, and deceased, all of
whom partook of them, seasoned with pepper and salt. Im-
mediately alter eating the champignons deceased was seized
with a violent vomiting, which continued the nest and the
fdlowing day, when he was confined to bed ; and although
Mr. Keen, surgeon, was called in, and applied every possible
antidote and remedy, he died in great agony the same night.
Upon making an autopsy, Mr. Keen found the stomach
greatly inflamed by the champignons, which inflarnmaLion
caused death. But Mr. Keen gave it as his opinion that the
eating of them would not have 'roved fatal had not deceased
led a wild, dissipated life. Mr. Keen further observed, that
the other parties who ate the champignons were not at all
affected. The Coroner observed that in France champignons
were eaten in large quantities. Verdict, " Accidental
death;'

LA W INTELLIGENCE.
COURT OF BANKRUPTCY, Sept. 2.
(Before Mr. CommisnionfT FAKE.)
IN BE T. MEESON.

The bankrupt was a coal merchant in Fenchurch-
street. This was a sitting appointed for the last exi-
mination. The debts were said to be about 7,0001.,
and the assets about 700/.

Further time was required to prepare the accounts,
and an adjournment Ns as applied for.
His HONOUR ordered an adjournment accordingly.

IN RE J. H. MORRIS.

The bankrupt was a manufacturer of India-rubber
pavement and rectifier of naptha, King William-street,
Strand. This was also a last examination meeting.
The balance-sheet showed the following results :
Capital at commencement, 1001.; debts, 3,5971. The
assets were—good debts and property, 81. ; doubtful
ditto, 148/. ; profits, 4901. ; expenses, 2,328/. ; losses,
1,713/.

The official assignee, in reply to the Commissioner,
said that not a shilling had yet been realized.
The bankrupt ultimately passed his examination.
IN RE SEWELL.

The bankrupt was a solicitor and money-scrivener
at Swatfham, and applied to-day for his certificate.
He owed to unsecured creditors '2,1451.; creditors
holding security, 3,2231. The assets were about 2501.,
exclu..7e of property in the hands of the secured cre-
ditors, valued at 2 588/.
Mr. HAWKINS, for the bankrupt, said it was the
unanimous wish of the creditors that this bankrupt
snould receive a certificate of the highest class, and
creditors to the amount of upwards of 1,0001. had
signed their names to a document he held in his hands
expressing that wish. The bankrupt had filled no less
than ten public offices.

His HONOUR observed that there was a deficiency
of 1,8001. in 1849, and the bankrupt ought then to
have called his creditors together. He would, how-
ever, grant a certificate of the second class.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
MANSION-110 USE.
The City Solicitor attended to prosecute an infor-
mation against William Newton, the master of Wa-
terman No. 11 steamboat, for proceeding on an
excursion to the Nore, the boat being only li-
censed to ply on the Thames between London and
Gravesend.

In answer to the usual question, the defendant
pleaded guilty, and said that he had upon many
former occasions made the same trip in the same boat
without any accident or complaint.
The City Solicitor said it was not his intention to
press for a severe penalty, as he admitted that till the
recent appointment of inspectors took place the mas-
ters of steamers on the Thames and other rivers
throughout the empire had assumed a sort of roving
commission to go as they pleased, when they pleased,
and where they pleased, without any regard to the
safety or convenience of the passengers.
A judgment of guilty having been recorded, an in-
formation against Philip Green, of the steam-boat
Echo, for a similar offence, was read. He also
pleaded guilty, and urged in mitigation his ignorance
of the law.
The Loan MAYOR said he was disposed to punish
the defendants upon the present occasion very lightly,
as these cases were the first that had been prosecuted
under the provisions of this most beneficial statute.
The certificates under which these boats were per-
mitted to ply on the river limited their voyages to
London-bridge and Gravesend. Boats that were well
qualified from their make, shape, and size, to convey
a stated number of passengers, were quite unfit to
encounter the swell of the tide further down the river.
As a commercial man himself he was anxious to fetter
as little as possible the free operations of trade in the
Fiver, but the public must be protected, and although
in the present instance he should, under the circum-
stances stated, inflict a penalty of only 50s. in each
case, he warned the defendants that if they were
brought before him again he should deal with them
with much greater severity.
The City Solicitor said, that the proceedings under
every information involved a considerable expense for
witnesses and documents, and as his Lordship, in the
exercise of his discretion, imposed so light a penalty
for first offences in consequence of the supposed igno-
rance of the parties offending, he should withdraw an
application he had previously made to Mr. Goodman,
the chief clerk, for a summons against the owners and
master of one of the large steamers plying on the
river, for concealing the certificate of the Board of
Trade, which was required to be kept constantly ex
hibited in a conspicuous part of the vessel. Tne 10th
section of the Act required the " owner and master
of every steam. vessel to cause the certificate (contain-
ing, among other things, the limits of her range of
sailing, and the number of passengers she was autho-
rized to carry) to be put up in some conspicuous part
of the vessel, so as to be visible to all persons on board
the same, and to cause such certificate to be continued
so put up so long as it remains in force." In order to
evade the Act, the certificate hung up in the cabin
was often intentionally covered by a hat, a picture, or
a cloak, so that the inspector and passengers might in
vain search for it ; it was nowhere to be found. He was
happy to say that the appointment of the inspectors
had done much good; they had heard the captains
give directions to count the passengers as they came
on board, in order that the number admitted might
not exceed the number mentioned in the certificate.
The river steamers were, however, so numerous, that
it would be impossible for any two inspectors to de-
tect every case of violation ; besides which, as their
persons became known to the people employed their
opportunities of detecting would be diminished. It
appearad by the newspapers that some of the boats
plying on the river were still occasionally over-
crowded, to the serious alarm of the passengers. If
gentlemen whose lives were thus endangered would
demand to see the certificate, count the passengers,
and give notice to the steam-boat inspectors at the
Mansion-house, measures would be taken to enforce
the penalties.
The LORD MAYOR hoped the public would be
guided by what had just fallen from the City Solici-
tor. Without the assistance of the public, in cases
which could not be witnessed by the inspectors, the
Act could not be rendered effective ; with that aid
everything that could be desired for the security of
all would be accomplished. His Lordship thought.
that in the cases which bed been brought forward
there was great reason for mitigating
the penalty
but, under the circumstances stated by the City So-
licitor, he could assure the parties that all future
pe ;
.
cases should be treated with a degree of severity
likely to make a permanent impression.
WORSHIP-STREE,T.
Yesterday a man named Charles Kemp was placed
at the bar before Mr. Hammill, charged with the fol-
lowing mid-day assault and daring highway robbery.
Mrs. Emily Malthoff, the wife of a shoemaker in
Spitalfields, received a Post-office order on the morn-
ing before from her husband, who was out upon
business in the country, and, having got it cashed,
placed part of the money rolled up in paper down
her bosom, and some more of it loose in her pocket,
together with some of her husband's letters and a
parcel of shirt-buttons. She shortly after went out
upon an errand, and while passing through Com-
mercial-street, Whitechapel, at half-past twelve in
the day, saw the prisoner and three or four other
men standing together in such a manner as to block
up the pavement. She attempted to pass them, but
the instant she reached the prisoner he seized her by
the shoulders, turning her completely round, and
giving utterance to a most disgusting expression,
thrust his band down the top of her dress. She tried
to push him from her, and insisted upon his letting
her go, but he persisted in his conduct, and a struggle
ensuing between them, of such a violent nature that
one of her wrists was so badly sprained she had
scarcely since had the use of it, the prisoner forced
his knee between her legs, and, having thrust his
band into her pocket and abstracted her money and
its other contents, flung her heavily upon her back
on the pavement. She screamed loudly for assist-
ance, but the prisoner stifled her cries by holding his
hand forcibly over her mouth, until she at length at-
tracted the notice of a constable, who hastened up to
her aid, and the prisoner, who had then relinquished
his grasp of her, and had moved away, was inter-
cepted and taken into custody. The prosecu-
trix was helped up from the ground, and
found her husband's letters and the shirt-
buttons lying a short distance from her, but the
money that was in her pocket previous to the at-
tack that had been made upon her was stolen, and
upon feeling down her bosom she found that the
silver she had placed there had likewise disappeared.
This last amount sbe did not like to swear had been
also stolen by the prisoner, and no money whatever
was discovered upon him on searching him at the sta-
tion ; but the prosecutrix bad no doubt whatever that
he had robbed her of both sums, and transferred them
to a confederate, as she distinctly saw him pass some-
thing to a woman who came up at the moment she
was recovering from the attack, and the instant the
woman received it she hurried away.
Todman, a constable of the A division, corroborated
the last witness's testimony, and described the condi-
tion in which he had found her, upon hastening up in
answer to her screams for the police; and the pri•
soner having stoutly protested that the whole of the
evidence against him was one tissue of falsehood, and
that he was entirely innocent,
Mr. HAMMtLL intimated that he was of a different
opinion, and, having directed the depositions to be
taken by Mr. Hurlstone, the second clerk, ordered
the prisoner to be fully committed to Newgate for
trial.

The same parties were before Mr. Henry, under
similar circumstances, at Bow-street; but his worship
dismissed the summons against another conductor,
on the ground that be did not consider the com-
plainant a bond fide passenger.
In the present case the complainant, who is a li-
censed conductor and part proprietor of the Cryst.l
omnibuses, running from Brompton to the Bank,
stated that be lived at the King's Arms, Fulham, and
that, in order that he should be in time at his stables
in Thistle-grove, Brompton, of a morning to go out
with his omnibus, he endeavoured to ride in the Put-
ney omnibuses. He was refused, and, on Thursday
last, when he applied to the defendant at Putney-
bridge, the starting-place, to be admitted into his
omnibus, he said he could not take him as a passenger,
and that if he did he should be discharged.
Mr. Martin, who appeared for the complainant,
contended that his client was a respectable person, and
a legitimate passenger. The complainant had for-
merly been in the service of Mr. Hartley, and since
he had belonged to the Crystal omnibuses, which ran
on a portion of the same ground, there had been a
great deal of competition between them.
Mr. Lewis, who appeared fur Mr. Hartley, urged
that the case was similar to the one heard before Mr.
Henry, who considered it insufficient for the com-
plainant to be a passenger, but he must be a bond fide
one according to the Act of Parliament 6 and 7
Victoria, c. 86, s. 33, which was as follows :—" Who
shall refuse to admit and carry at the lawful fare any,
passenger for whom there is room, and to whose ad-
mission no reasonable excuse is made." Mr. Hartley
had given directions to his conductors not to admit
the complainant as a passenger, as he had been de-
tected riding in his omnibus without paying his fare,
and two conductors had been discharged in con-
sequence.
Mr. PAYNTER said that was not a sufficient reason
for his being refused as a passenger. It was the
fault of the persons in charge of the omnibus fur al-
allowing him to ride without paying.
Mr. Lewis said if the complainant connived at the
act then he would be guilty of fraud.
Mr. PAYNTER observed, in that case Mr. Hartley
had his remedy in the County Court. He was not to
take the law into his own hands.

Mr. Lewis then called Mr. Hartley and two of his
conductors to prove that the complainant had ridden
in the omnibuses without paying, and that he endea-
voured to ride as a passenger for the purpose of an-
noyance. Mr. Hartley also stated that the com-
plainant had been discharged from his service for
misconduct towards Mr. Wilson, the omnibus pro-
prietor, who prosecuted some of his men for embez-
zletnent-

Mr. PAYNTER decided that the complainant was a
bond fide passenger. He lived in Fulham, and there-
fore would have a lawful excuse for riding as a pas-
senger in Mr. Hortley's omnibuses in order to be in
time for his own omnibus. This case was widely
different from the one heard before Mr. Henry, and be
had no doubt that if it had been before him he would
have come to the same decision as his brother magis-
trate. The defendant had acted under the directions
of his master, and he should only impose a penalty
of 6 Land 2s. costs, which would answer all purposaa.
Before he made his decision final he should make it
his business to see Mr. Henry upon the subject.
The summons was then suspended for a week.
Mr. Hartley said he was very sorry his Worship had
given a decision against him, as it would be the cause
of his being compelled to give up his business, as it
was impossible he could remain in Fulham and put
up with the conduct of the complainant and others.
Mr. PAYNTER cAutioned the complainant as to his
future conduct, and said if Mr. Hartley were an-
noyed by any of them he would grant a summons
immediately.

MEETING OF MIDDLESEX MAGISTATES,

Yesterday a meeting of the magistracy of this county
was held for the dispatch of county business. The re-
port of the Committee for Accounts and General Pur-
poses was read. In it they recommended the payment
of the coroners' accounts, as follows:—Mr. Baker,
4301. Is. 5d.; Mr. Wakley, 6471. 6s. Bd.; Mr. Bedford,
1051. 41. 5d.; and Mr. Higgs, 111 10s. 6d.
Mr. KEMSHEAD, in moving the adoption of this re-
commendation, said (referring to Mr. \Yakley's account),
that the Court would most likely bo struck with the very
large amount of this account; which was owing to the
unusal number of witnesses who had been called to give
evidence on these inquiries. This expense was one over
which they had no control; they only had power over
the coroners' ices, and not over the other charges.
Mr. WILKES made a preposition (which was adopted)
to the effect that the subject should be referred to the
Committee of Accounts and General Purposes, wbo
should report to the Court whether any measures could be
adopted to prevent the augmentation of the coroners'
charges, and particularly wiih regard to the payment of
witnesses, who appeared to be unusually numerous and
expensive. A report from the Committee of Visitors of
the Culuey Hatch Asylum was read. They ri com-
mended the acceptance of a tender for the loan of 3,0001.
for the purposes of the asylum. and also the exchange
of a piece of land. It appeared fr..m a report by Mr.
Tice, that that gentleman had surveyed a piece of
ground belonging to the asylum, which was situated on
the opposit:, side of the Great Northern Railway, and
contained 21 acres of land suited for building purposes.
He had also surveyed the piece for which they proposed
to exchange it, which consisted of 35 acres of meadow
land abuting on the asylum and well suited for agricul-
tural purposes, and be strongly recommended them to
effect the exchange. The suggestions of the committee
were then adopted. The usual prison reports were read.
From them it appeared that the number of prisoners in
confinement in the House of Correction, Coldbath-fields,
was 1,285; namely, 720 felons, 390 misdemeanants, and
175 vagrants. In the House of Correction, Westmin-
ster, 771; namely, 243 males, and 528 females. After
acme further business, the Court adjourned.

SEABORNE MAILS.
signifies that the mails are sent from the General Post-ax
ny the night—and M by the morning—dispatcb.)

When made up its From what
PLAC/ES. General Post-office port dis- When
London. patched. due.
America (by Brit. pkt.)N Sept. 3 .. .. Liverpool .. Sept. 6
America (by U.S. pkt.) N Sept. 10 Liverpool .. Sept. 14
America (by pkt.) M Sept. 17 .. Southampt. Sept. 9
Australia (via South-
ampton) • m Southampt. Sept. 24
Ditto (via. Marseilles) N iDover .. Sept. 2
Ditto, via C. of G. Hope N ,Plymouth.. Sept. 99
Africa (West coast).. N 14th of the month Plymouth Uncertain
Alexandria* ••• • • . N 19th & 30th of me. Dover .. Sept. 18
Belgium • . N Daily .......Dover .. Daily
Brazil 9th of the month Southampt. Sept. 12
Buenos Ayres M 9th of the month Soathampt. Sept. 12
California(viaChagret)M 2d& 17th of month ,Southampt. Sept. 16
Cape of Good Hope N 14th of the month Plymouth.. Aug. 29
Cape de Verde .. N 2d of the month .. Plymouth.. Aug. 29
Constantinople* N, 7th 17th 27th Est mo Dover .. Aug. 30
Central America .. M & 17th of mon. Southimpt. Sept. 1
Channel Isles N,Mon., Wed., & Fri. Southampt. Tu. Th. Sal
Chili .. ht2d 84 17th of mnth Southampt. Sept. 16
France .. 141 t N,Twice daily .. .. Dover .. Twicedaily
Greece* With 17th 27th of mo ,Dover .. Sept. 19
Hamburgh N, Tuesday & Friday London .. Tues. Sat.
Holland .. • • .. MWednes. & Satur.lLondon Mou.Thar
Honduras N,l7th of the mouth ItSouthampt. Sept. 1
Ireland .. M& N Twice daily .. ,Holyhead.. Twicedaily
India (via Southamp.) 11e20th of the month Southampt. Sept. 24
India (via Marseilles) N Bthit 240 efroonth'Dnver • • Sept. 19
India, via C. of G. Hope Nllsth of month Plymouth,. Aug. 29
Mauritius .. •W 15th of month Plymouth.. Aug. 29
Mediterranean (via
Southampton) kt2Oth of the month Southampt. Aug. 28
Mediterranean (via
Marseilles) N Bth& 24th of month Dover • •
Mexico .. Ml2d of the month.. Southampt. Sept. 1'
Madeira •• 3C9th of the month Southampt. Sept. 12
Malta* •• •• 7th,17th,19th,27th 2 Dover Sept. 19
& 30th of month
Naples* Nlsth 15th 25th ofmo Dover 'Sept. 12
Papal States* N sth 15th 25th of mo Dover .. Sept. 12
Peninsula M 7th 17th 27th ef mo Southampt. Sept. 6
Peru .. M2d & 17th of mnth Southampt. Sept. 1
Tuscany* .. N sth 15th 25th of mo Dover .. ISept. 12
West Indies .. 17th of the month Southampt. 'Sept. 1
West Indies (except
Havanna & Nassau) Id 2d of the month .. ,Southampt.
* The mails to those c ountries thus marked (5) are conveyed by
French packet via Marseilles.

THE FORTRESSES AND CASTLES OF
GREAT BRITAIN.
The Fortresses and Castles of Great Britain afford of
themselves an interesting and distinct object for study.
There aro numerous examples left scatiered over the
country; the constructions of various periods, from the
earth fortresses ascribed to the aborigines,—such as the
Herefordshire Beacon on the Malvern Hills, in Wor-
cestershire, and the remnants of Roman constructions,
as Richborough Castle, in Kent, and Porchester Castle
(infamously misused of late years)—down to the stately
structures of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries,wherein
security was less studied than magnificence, and the
fortress merged into the palace. An Anglo-Norman
castle may be described as consisting of banks and
ditches, with a wall occupying the top of the former, and
flanked by towers enclosing a large area, called the outer
ballium or court: entrance-gate towers, with a bridge
across the ditch, and guarded by a portcullis, an inner
ballium, separated from the outer by a strong wall, and
a keep or donjon within that, complete the arrangement.
Rochester Castle will afford you an example if you wish
one. The keeps were ill-lighted and comfortless, se-
curity being the primary consideration. You will often
find a well in the keep to supply water at the last ex-
tremity, as you sometimes do, by the way, in some
churches is Normandy and elsewhere, which were con-
nected with fortresses. The number of castles built in
England a century after the conquest was enormous._ t
A s
the times became settled, comfort was more attended o
and the rude keep, with a few subsidiary buildingsA
ex-
panded into the magnificence of Kenilwortbthe and War-
wick. The stronghold of the chieftain often became
nucleus of a town. His dependants. gathered round
power,
round the
castle, gradually obtained intelligence,
wealth,
the power of
privileges; and, increasing in importance as
the mastery, and
their lords grew less, ultimately gained
saw the fortress destroyed. or
placed under municipal
control for municipal purposes. It
flat; to the Town-hall and
It is interesting to see
the Robber-castle striking
the people-calling
those you saw on tßbelfre yie banks of y'
u want examples, recall
the Rhine. It is UDLIO•
cessary for me to repeop
one of our ancient castles for
you, althnugh it
would be a pleasant task to peep into
the lady's bower," the tiltyard, the buttery, or the
gate-house; to see the rude style in which the better
classes lived, the coarseness of their enjoyments, the few..
ness of their resources, as compared with those of the
masses of our own
period. The garnered intellect of
past ages has been brought to bear on their actual ad-
vancement and welfare, and will be more so; machinery
is doing their drudgery; every clime yields its produce
for their use and gratification; locomotion is easy; life
(the power of seeing, knowing, doing) is doubled with

many, and may be with all. The days of chivalry aff"dl.ia
pte.a6,ant platter to lead of: the institution its
much towards softeninglelifs manners, and preparing
the_wwy for La better state of society; but tboN acre,
neveriteless, miserable timPs, and we may congra,li d
ourselves ou living later tl,an f;ur forOathcrs. --Budlate
er.

THE COUN Tit 1 MPLI.KETS•
BRISTOL, SEPT.-2.—New English wheats cOll3O to
hand very various in quality and condition, and hence
prices are irregular, varying from 32s to 423 per quar-
ter; and we note old English and foreign at a decline of
2s per quarter from previous extreme rates. At this
day's market English new wheat fetched frem 325
ig tn
o
42s per imperial quarter; old ditto, 44s to 50; fore.
white, 456 to 50s per 4801 b; ditto, red, extra fine quells
tics, 44s to 403 ditto; ditto, fine ditto, 403 to 425
ditto;
ditto, ordinary ditto, 37s to 39s ditto; ditto hard, 375 10
38s 6d, Barley is steady, good heavy foreign bringing
from 25s to 255 6d, and Egyptian from 22s 6d to 234
each per 400th. English and foreign grinding fetched
'co-day from 25s to 26s per 4001 h. Oats are very d
cult of sale, and new are offered 13 per quarter, and Old
fully 0d per quarter cheaper. Devon and Welch, 163 to
17s per imperial quarter; Irish, white, 17s to
18s per
3201b5; ditto, block, 16, to 10s 6d per imperial
In beans there is very little passing; Eciplish, 34s to 3f
per imp quarter; foreign, 283 to 344 per 4801 b.
The arrivals for the week have been—wheat, 9,238
quarters; oats, 300 quarters, 1 763 barrels; barley?
6 014 quarters, 1.147 barrels; beans, 700 quirters; flour,
920 sacks, 100 barrels. The average for the week are
quarter.
—wheat, 43s 9a; oats, 175 8d; barley, 26s 6d; beans, 413.
BIRMINGHAM, SEPT 2.—At Gloucester and Worcestert
marke:s, on the 281 h, the wheat trade ruled dull; but
fine old only receded Is per quarter, while new sold
its
all prices, tram 275 to 40s per 496 b. Barley
le" 1d
rt quest, with the turn in favour of the buyer. 0415'
per quarter lower. Beans and p, as scarce, and
rained
higher. During the present week we have bad a go°
deal of wheat offering—the new mostly of inferior quit:
lily and e,bnei.i,,t); too few Silei reported are Est preVILMd
rat( a. Barley and oats only taken in retail. Been a,°,t
peas realize rather more money. At this day's Inarrt.
there was again a large supply of wheat from the 'a
mers, and the trade ruled dull at a reduction of I.sireprey
quarter. Barley nearly maintained its value' higher,
little doing in oats. Beans again is per quarter
and peas real:z,d a similar advance. ha bad
GLASGOW, SEPT. I.—SinCß last Saturday we or.— be
frequent showers of rain; still most of the crops in tit,
it nh ge
whitedr
surrounding districts have been cut, and stooked, swa'et
Ywecarether for the purpose of stacking. A, Yt'ui,
toes are
lity and quantity. According to reliable reports, Pc;
ties the eisease appears givinligswaarye well spoken of, both as regards 1,,,..
than haveinotiabeeo
Coastwise and from Ireland the supplies : 4 476
scanty; from abroad, via (he Clyde, they comp rLge ~,, of
aorvsermSocroetlarnedp;i
rapid
but in some 10. tei:.s.
quarters of wheat, 7,026 barrels of flour, 99 loads
__
oatmeal from New York; 871 sacks of Flo ur I /
and
Rouen; via Grangemouth, 2,389 quarters of Whnlsinete
60 quarters of barley from the continent. i"
during the week was inactive, and quotations
paduncleerrawtsej7
no material change. This day's ms ket was t 184
well attended. Wheat was in retail dem 4
rimeweek's currency, which was also maintained for
Pwere
barrel-flour. Other articles, which sold slowli,
rathern the turn in the ha) ers' favour. i number
DERBY SMITHFIELD MARKET, Ace. 31.-- Tae r the
of fat beasts to-day was unusually small for the season of
__.,,,
year ; the number of buyers was large, and a season
aw'a
easily effected at high prices. The supply ef floodsheet/ de,
de'
lambs was about the average, both of which were in no
mand. Fat calves were scarce, and readily disposedaohwe'ek,,
number of fat pigs was good, fully maintaining 91 6d to
prices. Beef, 4id to sd; mutton, 4id to 5d ; low' too.
bid ; veal, 4id to 5d per lb ; pigs, is Od to 7s 3d per ~ lb;
Rough fat, 3s 63 per stone of 1411);. Hides, lid to ud re'
calf skins, 2d to 3d per lb. Os
UPPINGHAM, SEPT. I.—Wheat 35s to 445; barleil t r lod
3topiLsl
001
ddu
T;pHeor,aiths
;22esgtgos
22 sf;er ts beans 345 to 37s per qr. B t e
oats 178 to IS9EsF,Lbela'e ref to 4311
MELTON AIOWBRAY, AUG. 31..—Wheat, old ees e--,0 ee;
—es N2V7hseatet.
315405
perto 4(1
rl
.s ; barley 265 to 30s ;
new, 35s to 40s ; barley old •,:6s to 2:1; new 355 ' to 36s
oats, old 22s to 24s ; new 17s to 20s ; beans, old 329
per qr. Butter 10d to is per lb ; eggs 18 to 20 f
ro or le:
new
ew
NEWARK, SEPT. I.—Wheat, old white 44s 45' n
40s to 42s 405 to 425, new 38s to 405; barley' .4511.
old
28s to 30s, oldred 4s 2to 25 ; oats, old, 2404 23,5 :,,, 38s;
22st, 2,,s to 225, new 183 to 21s; beans, 315 °° j. qr.
Peas, 34s to 36s tares, as to 40s; malt, 569 to 61-4:bite 42§
BOSTON, SEPT. i.—Wheat, old red 315 t
410,
to
ees 4136
to 435, extra 455, new red 31s to 38s, white o''_' to 21s•
extra 43s to 00s ; barley Oda to GOs ; oats, old 183
r.
new 15s to I tis ; beans : 35 to 35s ; peas 005 to (odds, Peo,nr_eqo4o4o! tO
LYNN, AUG. 3f.—Wheat, old 36s to
48s; barey 00s to 00s, fine i Os to 00s; oats 00s We los $
EDINBURGH GRAIN MARKET, SEPT. I.—Ther in the
good supply of wheat and barley, both old Wend 191
new
market to-day. Sales rather dull. There were 191 qrs'
_ice
wheat, the average of which was 405 9d 8-12ths, the 11frtbs.
beinglv 445, and 312 qrs old, the average being 43s 513ariey co
Wheat on the top 6d down, and the average 3d 111'.0 n
the top same as last day, and the average is dow
the top Is 4d down, and the average ",,Te a'
VWlOld, 71
Beans on the top Is 9d, and the average °"
°P.all sold.
qrs wheat, 140 qrs barley, 54 qrs oats, and beans
.16s
6cl
Top of Wheat . ,e- "lb' 6d
58 lb. 30s .
iasteswateseoka.
Barley ...
„ Oatßeans :::
:::
s ... .••
E•• ••• •••
DINBURGH CATTLE MARKET, SEPT. ..
i ....The num 0
c t etne 931
Itorice, 7s 6d ; current, 7s ud; secondary
of cattle was 314, or 53 more than last week. .-I r fro 5§
4511 b. 225 81
The 6 s 6
d per Dutch stone. A good clearance was
_en oil
number of sheep and lambs at market this wrmer,
5,912, being 1,3 t • more than last week. Best wedder:turrl,ti'
from lOs to 22s ud a head ; black. faced
price,tilinbs
6s to 12s a head. At the close laweiec'ted.
ansdlibnfe'rlis; : tbe:
a good clearance was