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London, England, 1816-10-28 00:00:00

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wene men would so sore miss them, that many which
speak against them would soon labour with his own
hands to set them up again.' The lots of the alias
which the monasteries used to distribute must however
have been an evil partial in its operation, and in itself
insignificant ; the way in which the peasantry were
injured at the Reformation was by turning the abbey
tenants over from the sort of parental. tenure under
which they then lived to lay landlords, unconnected
with then' by any habits or hereditary feelings, who
lived at a distance, and racked their tersnts to support
the expence of a court life. As in the Highlands at
this time, Latimer complains that in tracks which for-.
merly were well peopled, only a shepherd and his dog
were to be found. Society cannot perhaps advance
without passing through changes such as these; but
they produce immediate evil and perilous coasequences.
In that age, as in this, great advances were made in
civilization ; and changes of this kind can no more take
place without derangement in the commonwealth, than
any new functions in the animal frame can develops
themselves without a feverish excitement of the systerst,
and a tendency- to diseases more or less dangerous. A
fashion of ambitious expenditure prevailed, which made
men live to the utmost of their means; the exertions .
which were called forth to make the income keep pace
with the outgoings roused a spirit of enterprise, which
displayed itself both in evil and good; commercial and
privatecring adventures were undertaken abroad ; at
home, trades and professions raised their prices and
their fees, the manufacturer worsened his wares, the
landholder increased his rents, and the lord inclosed
what had bethre been common ground. Latimer, whose
sermons are full of information respecting the state of
England in his days, repeatedly cries out against these
things. ,
I doubt, says the good old Bishop, ' most rich men bass
too mach, for without too murk we can get nothing. As for
example : the physician ; if the poor man he discie.ed lie esa
have no help without too much ; and of the lawyer the poor
man can get no counsel, expedition, nor help in his matter,
except he give hint too mach. At merchants' hands nu kind
of ware can be had, except we give for it too much. YOil
landlords, you rent-raisers,' (it should he remembered that Isis
was preaching' before the Court,)' I may say you step-lords,
you unnatural lords, you have for sour possessions yearly too
much. For that here before went for twenty or sixty pound*
by year, which is a honest portion to be had gratis in one lord-
ship ofittiother man's sweat and labour, now is let for tiny or an
hundred pounds by year. Of this tau much rimed' this mon-
strous and portentous dearth made by man, notwithstanding
God doth send us plentifully the fruits of the earth, merci-
fully, contrary to our deserts. Notwithstanding, leo muck
which these rich men have, causesth such dearth, that poor
men which live of their labour, cannot with the sweat of their
face have a living; all kind of victuals is so dear—pigs,
geese, capons, chickens, eggs, dcc.•' these things with others
are so unreasonably enhanced. And I think verily that if
these coutione, we shall at length be constrained to pay for a
pig a pound.'

. .
In another place he says,
My father was a yeoman, and had no lands Of his own
only he had a farm of three or four pounds by year at the ut-
termost, and hereupon he tilled so ((inch as kept half a dozen
men. Ile had walk for an hundred sheep, and my mother
milked thirty kinc. He was able and did find the king a
harness, with himself and his horse, white he came to the
place that he should receive the king's wages. I can reatom-
her that I hackled his harness when he went to Blackheath
field. lle kept me to school, or else I bail not been able to have
preached before the King's Majesty now. He married my
sisters with five pounds or twenty nobles a-piece ; so that be
brought them tip in godliness and fear ut GA. H•e kept
hospitality for his poor neighbours ; and smite alma he gave
to the poor ; and all this he (lid of the said farm : where be
that now bath it, payeth sixteen pound by the year, or mare,
and is not able to do am thing for his prince, toe himself, nor
for his children, or give a Clip at' drink to Lie poor.'

REIM:VON of, vtr. CostmtssAnt %T.—One of the
many and important reductions of the War Establish.
meats, which arc proceeding under the thrections of
the Lords of the Treasury, took place on Friday,
by the transfer of the office and functions of the
Commissary-in-Chief to the Treasury, whereby a con-
siderable diminution of the Establishment fbr the ma-
napnitent of the Department at home and abroad will
be effected.

The Course of Exchange at Calais is now in favour
of this Cduntry. More persons conies to, than leave
England. From the Ist to the Kith of this month,
tho re have entered Calais 49 packet-boats from Dove; .
with 888 passengers. There have left Calais within
the same time tier Dover, 5i packet-Ixoats, with li)s
passengers.
The letters received last week and on Monday from Sl:in-
ch •ster, givir most enlivendig accounts; the demand for ma-
nufactmed cotton goods has revived, and the business dell.
has been very exteasive.—Londoe l'ricc Corset.