The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1818-12-25 00:00:00

, fain one hundred and fifty thousand square !eaglets', tlionol
' it probably exceeds that quantity. ''be lands occupied in
the country, remote from the cities, arc Crilernlly converted
by their ineuers into eutitiiisis,ur large grazing forma for Cal-
. tie, and Cliatl'4ll or growing grain. The small farms or mein-
' lea, in the neighboorliewil of cities, are in fine order. Those
oriented Pornies Ayres, whirls fornish their market aOh all
ample supply of ft nit tend vegetables, ale, by irrigatiole, :is
die highest stew of culture
The popolatioes, exclusive of the 'wham., is now valets-
latest at lone enellems three hundred II iiiii sand ; Ina, addl.::
the civilized Indians seedy, who are of great 'input tiowe, it
ovoid in all probaleelity steered two methanol.
'Flee whole popolan iiii cousins of natives of 014 Spain,
and their ileaceiwiiiits, lions in the country, etc, as they at y-le
I Inemselves, South Americans; of Indians civilized, or on.
reclainit..l, wish defiers-in " casts," Or mixed blood ;of A fii-
cans, and 'hew descestilasits, or negroes cud enitlanues.
I could nest ascertain, with t•allSraell iiii the population iii
the different pi 'WI tires: the province of Keeton At sa-.4 con.
tains about mac hundred and twenty thousand, whilst the
I,OIIIIIAI 44444 of Enter Rios and Banda Oriental is computed
at filly amino.'
Tlw city of humus Ayres contains n population of aisty
'twosome!. 'Fite inhabitant• of this place appear to lee
amiable, and au interesting people. ''hey are conaidered
brave and liiimasee ; possessing intelligence, capable of
great exertions and reseverniece, and manifesting a elicit-fill
devotion to the mese of freetleem and independence.
'There is also a eel-tans mediocrity and equality of foctune
prevailing among them, extremely favourable to • union of
the popular at test ment iii support of air commis weal.—
Ala ny industrious mechanic,. and i sileeprising merchants are,
however, isocceasing their estates, and adding to the dock of
capital in the country.
Tlie people of she nominee of Buenos Ayres, ',Siding out
of the city, art', generally speaking, pour, sod rather nicks.
• lent ; though it hardy race, acid when excised to action, )hey
become x' dews d fenders ,if the liberties of thew coo ry.
They are cipahle of greet improvement, and, under
nthe in-
fioece of a good example. when a change lakes place in
their !whits mid enanner of living, they bid fair to become
upefut and inthistrion. iii izens.
The itiliabitants of Cordova are said to be more stipelxli-
thin., and inure iiitlievecions, but leas patriotic. This is
principally ancilosteil to the loss of the trade with Peru, oc..
cast 1111 l al by the revolutionary war. •
Tucuman, I wall informed, possessed an excellent pepu.
eat gun.
The people of Mendoza, or Cupo, are moral, indult:lona
and patriotic. They have sacrificed largely at do- shrene of
independence nvo' nog ash zee' and confidence the
cans, of their COMMIE"; whilst the r tizetio ot Santa Fr are
reieceseni.d, as immoral and losiipordiaate, awl manifest.
lug, On must occasions, on extreme jealousy of their neigh-
bour,.
The population of Entre Rios and Rands Well I Is per-
haps not inferior to valour to that of li.legios Ay Nor is
it d !enrol sic seeilitars : kill, part:roils-1y in cart ag on a
part ass, warfare, for *Snell its trout. are admirably adapted.
'floor other good quatties have twee, pi coati!). Sallit't hat im-
paired by the system puestied in that qii.i.ler, elects they
have been compelled to give up every thine; like civil Moira-
limio, and to coot issue sic:bout airy regular kiitti of Govern-
ment, Ulla!" the absolute control of a Chief, who, whatever
nay be his political principle% or professions, iu practice
concentrates all power, legislative, judicial, and executive,
ill himself.
'Flee General Congress of the United Peuviinses, assembled
at Purists Ayres, ices the 3.1 of December, ref 1517, establish-
ed, by a iiri.visiiiiii4l motor, a temporary form of Govern.
meal, witch will lee found in Appendix marked F..
This Congress is comps ised of deputies fcain die different
ppivinces. It actually vuusists of twenty-six mainivers.
But, as a representative is allowed fur every fifteen thousand
eitizena, it would be numerous,, if all the proviuces had sent
delegates in that ratio of population.
With some exceptions, and particularly of that pallidium
of our rights, which is unknown to the civil law, the trial
ley jury, the pro% metal cunt:motion will be found, vu an
attentive perusal, to contain 14 distinct recto:lntim' of many
of the vital principles of free government A church esta-
blishment Aso, lbat of the Catholic faith, is contrary 1111 our
ideas of religious fiseedoni; il gls a measure, adopted
from necessity, perhaps, by them.
It declares, that all power, legislative, judicial, and ex-
ecutive, resides in the nation. The Congress are to he
chosen by electors, who are to be voted for by the people in
I the primary assemblies. The cabibloa, or municipalities, are
to be elected immediately by the citizens. It recognizes the
independence of the judiciary, and declares the tenure of
office, wills respect to the superior judges, to be during
good behaviour. It provides fur dee election of a Chief Ma-
, gistrate by Congress, removeshle when they choose to ap.
point a successor, and responsible fur the executiou of the
ditties of his office, which are defined and limited. In the
oath of office, he is owuni to preserve the iiitegrity mud nide-
pendenee of the country.
The three peat departments of State, of the Trrasnry,
and of War, air distinctly marked out, and their respective
powers and duties ',signed.
On some subje, Is it eaters more into detail than is usual
with us, particularly sic those of their army, navy, and
militia. But this, perhaps, its their situation, was nee ovary.
It provides that nu citizen shall accept a title of nobility,
without forfeiting the character of citizenship.
It provides, also, against general warranta, and the arrest
of individuals, unless on probable proof of guilt.
It contains a salutary provision, that a Judge leaving ori-
ginal jurisdicti 111 l , before taking cognizance Of the cause,
shall use all possible means of reconciling the parties. This
c.oustitiitiou is but temporary. The Congress are engaged
in the task of forming a permanent .. Its the meats time,
no alteration ran lie mode in the present, unless with the con.
sent of two-thirds of the !Members. In this manner IMAM
•Iterations have been adopted.
The subject of a permanent Constitution was bells, e a
Committee of sixteen Alenebeis of Congress. There was a
difference of opinion prevailing among them on the point of
a confederated or a consolidated Government• lithe, should
adopt ilea former, they will frame the Constantion in all
probability, nearly after the model of that of the United
States. Sleonlil they decide on the latter, it is highly pro-
bable they WIN Illttlfralfall• the lending &attires of our Ilyalani
into their form of Government. 'they stein to colicur in the
propte.ition to have a Chief MagiStflir elected for a lrrm of
yeses, and a Representative Legislature, to consist of two
branches. A Senate, to coustituts the most permanent hotly,
sad a House of Represeolatives, whose term of service shall
be of 'hotter duration
Perhaps it would he better for them to delay the corn pie-
lion of this all-importaui task, after else example of the
Unlit." States, until a period of peace. Their pretest pro-
visional statute is au improvement -.1" thine wheel, peter, rd
it ; avid we may expect their proposed Constitution will he
still more perfect, as they advance in the knowledge of those
principles on vrhich Republican (.overnnaeots are consti-
tuted.
Rut, however free 'in theory this provisional statute may
be, it is undoubtedly tine, that oldest' administered agree-
ably to its letter and @pint, it will not afford security to she
citizen. Whether any infractions heave occurred since she
dose of its existence, I cannot pretend to determine., nut be.
iag in full possession of the facts.
Wisest we recollect that they have the benefit of our
example, it may reasonably be txpeeted that they will its
general, adhere to die Celestite:in 0000 . They have also Idle
fatal result of the French Itevuluti 1111 l wattling them of die
dangers of its ewe... ev, of wheels they appear to be sensible.
The product' and the Inn on fact tires of the di friTelll Inn-
Wil/ITS, will be li.und in Appendix I); Ind I was Illettill. i.e
procure any satisfactory e neonates of the probable valor or
amount in etch prorincy. There 1., however. tunaidernlile in-
teriml trade corried on in the ititerchallgeof various articles
between thr several provinces ; conic, horses, and mules,
furnish a considerable source of barter; wills the latter,
Peru is supplied; the Paraguay tea is a great sinew of trade
tbronghwit dictionary. The !wooly, oracle, rai.iii,, mot figs
of Nlendt.z.l. and Snit Joan, urn be-comiteg insportasa : the
bides of oat 11, file Ain, of the vacrion and glalEten, Irlds a
iiiiiiibee of fine fuer, iiliorel valuable orioles of exci.ange.
These, wish die fin rig', goods I ragi.p..tro to every direr
felon Buenos Ayres, very tapitily, by oxen and molt s, which
also fitruidi she means ot eal quo( their native- po..itictions
to their sea.poris, f.,, ITI a Lonneh c• trash of git-os Illil4lllll.ldC,
cuil.ndrill., Ilit ilo•lalk,Ilin Of ast 1,1141111
Their extorts are caktilotitl, it itle b...1•C degree of atty.