The Sun.
London, England, 1855-11-09 00:00:00

Spirit of the Public Journals.

(From the Daily News of this day.)
Having failed to press the leaders of the Peelites
into his service, certain ill-advisers of the Premier
would have him try the efficacy of temptation on
some of the secondary personages of that party.
The names of Mr. Cardwell and Mr. Frederick
Peel have been tentatively put forward by the
gossips of the Government, as candidates not to be
despised for the Cabinet offices now vacant. Had
any serious thoughts been entertained of converting
the Colonial Department and the Post-office into
political lumber-rooms, the manner in which the
first hints of such a proposal have been received
would, we suspect, be sufficient to extinguish the
absurd intention. Mr. Frederick Peel and Mr.
Cardwell are types of a class of whom the fewer
wo have in posts of responsibility the better.
Punctual and precise in the performance of routine
_duties, they are sure to be found utterly wanting
when placed in a position where independence of
thought or promptitude and vigour of action is re-
quired. Diligent and dull, they are fit only to oc-
cupy situations where a precedent may be found in
the pigeon-holes for every little matter that is to
be done. But to guide a great department of the
public service they are incurably wanting in all
the intellectual and moral qualities that are indis-
pensable in those who aspire to play the part of
statesmen. If it be true that, with a pardonable
excess of modesty, Lord Stanley, in declining the
Premier's recent offer, volunteered the assertion
that were he to join the Government " he could
bring to it no accession either of character or fol-
lowing," how much more truly might the same he
said of the advancement to Cabinet places of poli-
tical nonentities like Mr. Cardwell and Mr. F.
Peel ? It is not thin blue books in breeches, but
stout-hearted men, ready and willing to give a
valid reason for the faith that is in them, that the
present Administration stands in noel of, and
whose adhesion it must somehow secure if it would
not speedily and irretrievably fall. _

There are, we are told, seine men in the Govern-
ment who have the sense to see this matter in its
true light, and who would have Lord Palmerston
embrace fearlessly the opportunity that circum-
stances now offer to conciliate the mass of
opinion throughout the country,. to which lie
has hitherto shown himself too indifferent, and
whose indifference to his fate as a Minister he way
one day have to regret. The great body of
advanced Liberals of every shade and degree
viewed with undisguised astonishment and disgust
the total disregard of representative claims in the
first formation of the Government. They-saw in the
Cabinet nothing but a cabal, formed out of the
socond•rate men of a few aristocratic circles. With
the single exception of Sir William Moiesworth,
they looked in vain for any representative of their
sentiments and interests ; and, now that he is gone,
they view in the residuary members of the
Cabinet, nothing but the old oligarchic stocks, upon
Which, if branches of a very different nature can-
not be engrafted, no
,promise of good fruit need be
hoped for in future. In a word, the Commons
want to be represented in the Cabinet by men of
their own class, or by men who have given solid
and substantial proof that they thoroughly sym-
pathise with them. Needy peers and glib orators
quality, who petronise some further extension of
popular rights at a period indefinitely postponed,
• end why meanwhile want to raise a little political
capital for purpoees of personal jobbing, may call
th Whigs, and may pass for excellent pe-
ticians and clubs and coteries ; but a score of
such men in a Cabinet would not win for it an
hour's popular confidence. Years of steadfast ad-
veceey of the rights and wishes of the eaany, not
holiday talk in Parliament or at the hustings, can
alone secure the confidence to which we refer.
W. 13 this that constituted the claim of men like the
1 ite Charles Buller and the lamented Sir W. Melee-
worth to be heard and heeded in the councils of the
state. And it is on the like account that we should
rjoice to learn that there was at length a disposi-
tion to concede their rightful place of pre-eminence
• to tried servants of the people like Mr. Charles
Villiers and Mr. Roebuck. The former, indeed,
has for some time filled. the post ofJudge-Advocate;
but, if report speall truly, there is now a disposition
to promote him to a sphere of Niger usefulness.
As regards Mr. Roebuck, we have heard with re-
gret (we wish we could say with surprise), that a
subordinate office incompatible with Parliament
was lately offered to him. It is superfluous to say
• that it was promptly spurned, as a mere golden
gag, sought to be thrust into a mouth whose utter-
ances had often been too truthfully telling for the
convenience of an exclusive and incapable Minis-
- try. Bet the elevation of the learned member for
• Sheffield to some post of dignity and influence in
the Administration, even though it were not, in
the first instance, accompanied by the offer of a
seat in the Cabinet, would be another matter, aril
would be so regarded by hii constituents and nu:
merous admirers throughout the kingdom.

(From the Times of taxis day.)
On the two seas which wash her coast Russia
has neighbours at whose expense she wishes to
push her empire until it reaches the shores of a
more open ocean. Happily for the world, the keys
of the Baltic are held by nations which, if weak
in population and wealth, are still of the hardy
northern-Stock of Europe—proud of their history,
tenacious of their rights, and anxious only for an
opportunity to withstand the Power which has
formerly wounded and still threatens them. In a
geographical sense only do the Scandinavian penin-
sulas correspond to Roumelia and Anatolia, but
this similarity of position and the advantages it
plainly offers have from' the beginning of the war
drawn the attention and sympathies of the West
to the two nations of Sweden and Denmark. There
is reason to believe that the Swedish people espe-
cially reciprocate any feelipg which is inspired by
the aggression of St. Petersburg. Causes are, in-
deed,: not wanting whioh should instil a most ear-
nest 'dislike and fear. Not half a century has
elapsed since the great province of Finland, with
its capacious harbours and seafaring population,
was -wrested from the feeble band of the last Gus-
tavus. Men still living can remember Ehrensward,
the last Swedish Governor of Sweaborg, and his
treachery. Since those days Russia, without haste,
but without pause, always vigilant, never rash,'
has advanced in the path of conquest. She has;
not yet struck the blow, but she has taken meanse
that whenever it should fall her victim should be'
powerless for resistance. Bomarsund was her ad-
vanced post ; what it was a year since we know ;'
what time would have made it we may well
guess. ' But another and more covert scheme has'
been conceived for theco speedy possession of an
conquest Atlantic port. The toof Sweden Proper.
the Czar knew must be left
cessors ; but within his own day
and his sue-
Oyhe might see a
n the
Russian navy slowly rising
Atlantic sea-
board. The plan of the Czar is well related in the
letter from " A Norwegian,"
which we publish to
day,Russia has no port from which she can pass
ab once into the ocean except Archangel, but an'
advance westward through the most northern part
of Norway would give her fine harbours, -
-during the greater part of the year, and place open
ceher
at once in the position of an Atlantic Power. For
ttio Aouve of intrigue and aggression by which this
eied'ivas•to be obtained we refer our readers to the
letter itself. That the habits of migratory tribes in
the wastes of the extreme North have been made a
pretext for interference by the Russian monarch is
a sufficient proof that the religious zeal which
kindles the flame in the South was a policy rather
than a principle. It is almost a caricature on the
events with which we are acquainted to find the
crossing of the frontier of Finland by the Norwe-'
gian Laps made a cause of warlike preparation
against the whole realm of King Oscar.
As there
_can be no doubt of the sympathy of
iSsveden for the allies and their cause, it remains to
determine how these common views and aspirations
can be developed into action. Nowthing one is
clear,—that to draw such a State into war without
the Arm purpose of carrying on the contest until
the enemy be disabled for revenge, would be gross
political immorality. Sweden by herself is weak,
but she can supply the allies with much that they
ant,--ports close to the enemy's shores, supplies
and shelter for troops during an eight months'
winter, a large army of her own, and a multitude
of craft fitted for the navigation
With her assistause could strike a speedy and
'fatal blow at RussiauWe
I:llvirslr in the Nortb,—with-
out her lair that ere do
I)3rtake of the natur
of a foray ;we may destroy, cannot establish;
we may lame the enemy for
if ea, but cannot
we ask, it must b
cripple him for futurity,
den, therefore
do her part, and give us all
this alliance
the understanding that she shall be
against all eventualities. If we seek this e
and obtain it, there can be no more talk of
having done enough, of military honour bein6
satisfied, and peace being now only a questioirl
for diplomatists. We shall have deepened the
character of the struggle, and from limitation
passed on to repression. It is, therefore, with no
blindness to the consequences that we regard this
momentous compact. If the nation be in earnest
the prosecution of the war sternly,_ resolutely,
and at any sacrifice, be the determination, and not
the boast of the English people—if an overthrow,
once for all, of the European enemy be their real
end and aim' then let them seek the alliance which
wi!l givethemstrwagth for a great and successful
effort.

General Canrobert is at Stockholm, and his ob-
ject is, it is said, to draw closer the bonds Which
-unite Sweden to the Western Powers. There can
be little doubt that his mission extends to the in-
YittitiOn to an active alliance. So far, therefore, as

~ uc.,_

the Governments of France and England are con-
cerned, the project has evidently been approved,
and it is now for Sweden to choose her course.
Far be it from us to press any State to an incon-
i siderate step. If Sweden join the allies, she will
doubtless have fixed her destiny. She will be the
last, the nearest, the most unexpected foe of the
northern despot. Hence she will incur his deepest
and most unquenchable hatred. She will have the
! honour, but she will also have the danger, to be
an advanced post of civilisation. For a century to
come the first blow of any renewed aggression
must fall on her, or on the Turkish empire. Hence
it is no light matter for her statesman to ponder.
Let them reflect wisely and well. If, however,
they do this we have little doubt of their decision.
They will see that theirs is a land which Russia
covets and must have, if she can work her will.
The experience of past times may tell them that
deference and conciliation, neutrality and treaties,
rigidly observed, will have no power to avert the
danger. They may fear less to offend the Czar
when they know that, angry or appeased, his pur-
pose is the same, and that the wars of Russia,
actuated by selfishness and greed of conquest, have
seldom risen in motive even to the poor dignity
of revenge. On the other hand, placing aside
I all considerations of justice, national spirit, and
human liberty, Sweden may look to a high
position and great material advantage by choosing
a manly course. The country will be brought into
closer connexion with the West, and its geographi-
cal isolation will be counterbalanced by its political
importance. On the question of support the
Swedish Sovereign and people may cast away ap-
prehension. If we know anything of our country-
men and our allies, we feel sure that neither
England nor France will draw Sweden from its
strict neutrality without a firm resolve that it
shall suffer nothing for having dared boldly in a
good cause. If her alliance be asked, she may
accorl it with a full conviction that it is recipro-
cal and sincere, and tkat it will last, through
failure and victory, until the end be attained.
Of the immediate military results we will say
little, but they have been equally appreciated by
the hopes of the Western nations and the appre-
hensions of Ru•ssia. Our enemy is at present well
defended by distance and the rigour of almost
polar winter. For this reason be is able
to leave the protection of the Baltic coast
to a small army supported by the militia of the
provinces. Whole divisions of his troops are one
after another marched down to the South. But
with a strong hostile force on his frontier the con-
ditions of the war would be very different. The
population of Sweden, though not large, is essen-
tially fit for war; her soldiers are among the best
in the world ; her seamen are accustomed to the
waters and to the vessels in which they can be best
navigated; the gnu-boats on the coast are numerous
and efficient : by the use of these aids we might
well within a twelvemonth occupy great towns, if
not provinces of the enemy, after having destroyed
the chief naval stronghold of the North, awl seen
the fleet of the Baltic sink into the depths,
that which was the pride of Nieolaieff and Sebas-
topol. But these must be the acts of au alliance
which is not yet formed. To its conclusion we
earnestly call the attention of all who are earneAt
in this contest, whether they be actually belligerent
or have not yet emerged from under the spell of
neutrality.

( Front the Morning Post of this day.)

Victor Emmanuel, King of Sardinia, will arrive
in London during the first week of December, to
visit her Majesty, and, we may say in perfect
truth, to visit also the British nation, to whom he
offers this mark of alliance and cordiality while
offering it to our gracious Sovereign. It is no
journey incognito, no private step of courtly polite
ness or mere personal amity, retreating from the
gaze and declining the sympathy of persons in a
less elevated sphere. This will he a year marked
by au interchange of royal and imperial civilities,
both in England and in France, under circirn-
stances which impart to Majesty its most exalted
attribute, and require from it -the most interesting
of its functions—that of solemnly impersonating at
a moment of deep importance the united will of a
great nation, within view of all, and amid the open
demonstrations of their satisfaction and cencar-
retie°. Early in 1855, after a half dozen centuries
of warfare between England and France, an
Enperor Napoleon came to our shores, not with
fho sword in his grasp, but to clasp
ie hand of
our Queen in a national friendship, for which
the word alliance is too weak, and of which no
precedent could be found in the relations of States
with one another at any former period of the
world's history. Men took some time to realise to
their belief what would have previously been re
jected by their imagination as too chimerical ; but
the mighty changes which the Imperial visit brought
so sensibly home to the public intelligence of both
countries are now deeply comprehended. In due
time the courtesy was returned, and once more the
world saw between the two most puissant of all
living Sovereigns those magnificent greetinge ie
which, however, the magnificence was by far the
least noticeable and least significant element.
A single year would be rendered sufficiently re-
markable by two incidents which, in a thousand
times that time, will not have passed away from
the memory of mankind. Yet the same twelve-
month is destined to witness another event of the
like purport, occasioned by the same dangers,
fraught with the probability of similar consequences,
and evincing in the Allied Powers, not only the
continuance and persistency of the spirit manifested
on the former occasion, but the progress of that
spirit—its spread, its propagation, and, indeed, the
increase of its intensity, in proportion to the widen-
ing of its area. We are not afraid to say that, me-
morable and strange as was the Emperor Napoleon
the Third's welcome in this country, there is in the
circumetaaccs under which King Victor Emmanuel
has now to receive our hospitality something which
may, iu an equal degree, inspire reflection, and,
perhaps, in a greater degree, justify wonder. Let
it be remembered that the visit, which we have
the pleasure to announce, is a public visit ; and
that it is as the honoured, and truly efficient, ally
of Queen Victoria, and of this nation, in a war of
prodigious magnitude, that the high-spirited
young King of Sardinia will present himself amidst
the crowded streets of London, and enter the royal
palaces of England. Other Kings—and even this
year one such—have come to our shores, and
have received the civilities to which their personal
rank entitled them, with no more interest, or pur-
pose, or meaning in their arrival than what might
be inherent in their own individuality. Very dif-
ferent was the third Napoleon's arrival ; very dif-
ferent will be Victor Emmanuel's. Diffrent even
must we consider such meetings from those which
politics, technically understood, have occasioned
in this century at Vienna—or accident and success
a t PariA. Different, again, far different, from
those prompted by motives of pleasure in a travel-
ling Prince, or arising from the natural opportuni-
ties of consanguinity. In Napoleon the Third we
beheld France. In Victor Emmanuel we shall
behold Sardinia. These brilliant and glittering
visits to England are not the effect of mere court-
liness, nor of technical politics, nor of the acci-
dents which chequer dynastic negociations—they
are national exchanges of confidence, affection, and
resolve, solemnly made in the face of the world, by
those invested with the majesty of their respective
countries. And, if we look closely at the situation
in which the youthful and valiant monarch of Sar-
dinia will appear amongst us as the guest of Eug-
land—te we examine with attention what the na-
ture of that visit is, for the success of which his
brave, intelligent,
sensitiveness (anxious to note hey
watch their sovereign's 'mum
rous conduct ia or is not,ereowll
and highly civilised subjects will
wfiatrhthreei
honourable
actheid.
vbil
_
Englishmen)—ifwe consider alla this narrowly, it
will be perceived, as we have alread
hintedthat
the interest attaching to this Itallayn '
Potentate's
arrival on our shores scarcely yields, under the pe-
' culiar circumstances of the case, to that which
we
so justly felt when we hailed our Ally the French
Emperor in the spring of this year. The spectacle of
Napoleon in London, and yet an Emperor; made
plain
every mind the eternal close of many fatal
and inveterate hatreds. But,
as in that of individuals, feelings
magnanimity
conditions. It therefore, for
readily than is easier,
(~na .mmitv
ati
a great nation to display wisdom and
great. In gazing
than for a little nation to become
not
-on Napoleon we could forget the marvellous
career of the individual ; in beholding Victor
pretensions to our wonder
Emmanuel, who has no
on this account,i France was in
we shall be reminded at least of
the marvellous career of a people.
political disorder ; but Italy was politically dead.
We recognised in Napoleon the great man to, whom
the foremost power on the Continent oflook Europe
tine
owed its regeneration ; but we may e in
person of Victor Emmanuel, upon the fortunate
Prince who represents, if we may so speak, a na-
tional resurrection. We shall take future occasion
to speak more fully of the singular interest claimed
by •s kingdom from all who sympathise with the
honourable ambition of a gallant people ruled by a
public spirited Sovereign. Sure we are that this
last will find among us thhearty welcome
lie has a right by . 'IV l I
so many titles. ere a
the Kings of E like • good '
Europe him, it would be well for
Continental Monarchy.
MM. Cavour and D'A 1* •
zeg io with other distin-
guished nobles of i• • • '
Sardinia, will accompany his Ma-
jesty, who will be attended by a retinue befitting
the significance and solemnity of the occasion which
brings him from his sunny realm to tbe.Courts of
Napoleon and the English Queen. He viii pt-6e
through Paris to London, making his first sojourn
with our Ally before partaking of our Lospitaaity