The Sun.
London, England, 1855-04-06 00:00:00

BANKRUPTS.

John Burrowes and Alexander Mearns Reid, merchants,
Leadenhall-street, to surrender, April 20 at two, and May
11 at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Stansfeld,
official assignee; Lawrance, Plews, and Boyer, Old Jewry-
chambers.

John James Parker, builder, Greenwich, April 14 and
May 18, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Whitmore,
official c.signea, Basinghall-street; Sldgrove, Mark-lane.
Robert Todd, sen., wine merchant, Westbourn-park
Villas, Paddington, April 13 and May 18, at two, at the
Court of Bankruptcy. Whitmore, otfi,:ial assignee, BA-
singhall-street ; Linklaters, Si ie-lane, Bucklersbury.
John Bigham, ship-owner, Liverpool, April 19, znd May
10, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court. Turner,
Liverpool ; Lowndes, Robinson, and Bateson, Liverpool.
Gabriel Webster, plumber and glazier, Dewsbury, May
1, at one, and May 22, at eleven, at the Leeds District
Court. Hope, official assignee, Leeds ; Scholes and Son,
Dewsbury ; Blackburn, Leeds.
John Walsh, corn merchant, Liverpool, April 17 and
May 8, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court. Morgan,
official assignee, Liverpool ; Yates, jun., Liverpool.
Thomas Lands, otherwise White, boot and shoe vendor,
Camden Town, April 20, at eleven, and May 18, at twelve,
at the Court of Bankruptcy; Cannan, official asignee, Al-
dermanbury ; Harrison and Lewis, New Boswell-court,
Lincoln's-inn.
James Piper, carver and gilder, Holborn frill, April 17,
at three, and May 15, at twelve, at the Court of Bank-
ruptcy. Lee, official assignee, Aldermanbury ; James and
Curtis, Ely-place, Holborn.
John Maples, upholsterer, Nottingham, April 24, and
May 8, at ten, at the Birmingham District Court. Harris,
official assignee, Nottingham ; Coope, Nottingham; Har-
rison and Wood, Birmingham.
William England and Frederick Henry England, clo-
thiers, Westbury, Wilts, April 17, and May 14, at eleven,
at the Bristol District Court. Acraman, official assignee,
Bristol ; Bevan and Girling, Bristol.
SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS.

John Dick, merchant, Glasgow, April 13, at one, within
Carrick's Royal Hotel, Glasgow.
Findlay and Barr, wrighti and builders, Glasgow, April
17, at one, within the Globe Hotel, Glasgow.

BANK OF
An Account pursuant to the Act
the Week ending on Saturth

ENGLAND.
'th and Bth Victoria, cap. 32, for
the 31st day of March, 1855,
ATMENT.

ISSUE DEP.
X
Notes issued .. • • .... 28,510,230

Government debt .. .. 11,015,100
Other securities ...... 2,9114,000
Gold coin and bullion 14,510,230
Silver bullion .. .... • • -

$28,510,230

£24,510,230
M.AIISHALL, Chief Cashier.

Dated the sth day of April, 18,

BANKING DE
Proprietors' capital .. 14,553,000
Rest ........ 3,653,450
Public deposits (in-
cluding Exchequer,
Commissioners of
National Debt, Say-
ing's Banks, and
Dividend Accounts) 5,381,834
Other deposits ...... 10,932,629
Seven Day and other
Mils ........ . 8:6,312

:PARTMENT.

Government securities
(includg.Dead Weight

Annuity) .:.. 11,581,067
Other securities ...... 14 091,911
Notes .. ........ 9,021,9 20
Gold and silver cola .. 695,297

435,390,225

£35,390,225
:.MARSHALL, Chief Cashier.

Dated the sth day of April, 185;

PRICE OF SUGAR.

The average price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar com-
puted from the returns made in the week ending the 3d
April, 1855, is 21s 7d per hundredweight exclusive of
the duties of Customs paid or payable theresn on the im-
portation thereof into Great Britain.

SOCIETY OF ARTS, April 4.

Dr. T. K. CHAMBERS in the chair.

The paper read was Oa the Diseases of Miners,'
by Mr. Herbert Mackworth, Government Inspector of
Mines. The author commenced by asserting that the
serious waste of our mining population and the con-
sequent drain on other classes, the rate of wages,
the cost of mining, the demand for minerals of all
kinds, apart even from motives of humanity, ren-
dered the subject of mitigating or averting acci-
dent and disease from miners one of national im-
portance. It should also be remembered that the min-
ing population amounted to nearly 300,000. Toe diffe-
rent portions cf a mine are all distinguished from
other workshops by the peculiarities of the temperature,
pre,sure, moisture, and composition of the air, of the
gases and miasmata which exist in them ; by the absence
of sunlight, and by the mode of lighting, quite as much
as the motions and working positions are dif&rent from
those belonging to any other occupaq ms. The
great sacrifice of life occasioned by the use of ropes
and chains for ascending and descending the shafts, and
the effect on the miners health of ascending many hun•
('red yalds of almost perpendicular ladders at the end of
a day's work were commented upon, and it was shown
that it was an eco lomy to make use of the " man-
machine," first introduced into the Hartz mine,,
and sub,equently into Cornwall, at the T_Tnitel
Mines, Tresavean, and Fowey Consols, by the
efforts of Sir Charles Lemon and the members (,f
the Gem wall Polytechnic Society. The constrained atti-
tude in working iu the narrow seam of coal in York-
shire, near Bristol, and other parts of England, and the
almost horizontal position of the " hurriers" (boys who
draw the coal from the working faces to the shaft) might
be avoided by cutting out the roadway to a height
of 40 or 42 inches, and employing small ponies for
the heaviest portion of the work, of aleich there were
large numbers in the north of England mines, and the
expense that would be incurred iu doing this was, in the
author's opinion, more imaginary than real. Injury to
health was in a great degree due to defective ventilation,
and, especial attention should, therefore, be paid to this
point, care being taken that the air-courses are suffi-
ciently capacious, that the air made to traverse round
the working face, and the system of splitting the air in
a number of currents is adopted. Defective ventilation
frequently arises from leakages in the air-passages ; this
might be detected by the judicious use of the thermome-
ter alone. The author then adverted to the loss of
Qtrength and energy produced by the increase of the
temperature of mines, and quoted the opinions of eminent
continental authcrities on the subject. Other causes of
disease were then enumerated ; of these the principal
were the deficiency of oxygen in the air in mines,
the carbon generated by tile imperfect combustion
of tallow or oil of bad quality, the dust thrown
up by explosions, and the exhalations and mias-
ina'a proceeding from the putrid fermentation of
animal and vegetable matter under-grozead. The effect
of these causes may be estimated from the fact that
the aggregate ameunt of sickness experienced by miners
between the ages of 20 and 60 is 67 per cent. more
than that experienced by men in general. The average
age of miners living varied from 25.7 years, in the
case of tin-miners, to 28.9, amongst lead-miners,
whilst 42.3 years were got out of the agricultural labourer.
In other other words, the lives of miners, in addi-
tion to excessive sickness, were shortened by an amount
equivalent to more than half their working life.
The author concluded by recommending that, having
in view the sanitary improvement of mines,
the ventilation should be sucb, in all mines, as to en-
sure a regular current of pure air at all times and in all
parts of the mine ; that dungheaps, putrescent timber,
and smilar nuisances, should be removed once a month,
and that the sanitary state of the mine should be ex-
amined and reported upon by a medical officer at least
twice a-year.

FATAL Boum EXPLOSION AT RUGBY STATlON.—Yes-
terday morning, about four o'clock, the inhabitants of
Rugby were startled by a tremendous explosion, which,
it was soon discovered, had been caused by the birstirg
of the boiler of one of the locomotive engines of the 1
London and North-Western Railway at the station adja
cent to the town. A young man named Charles Lee
was killed, and the driver of the engine, as also another
man in the employ of the company, were seriner-ly in.
jured. The fragments of the boiler were scatti rtd in
all directions. One portion weighing from 7to 8 cwt.
was found nearly embedded in a field 400 yards from the
station, and some men who saw it in the air state that
it went nearly out of sight. The report of the explosion
was heard six or seven miles off. The engine i- s and
to have been ab .ut seven years in use, and had latterly
been used for piloting.
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