The Sun.
London, England, 1855-11-12 00:00:00

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GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.--The
Directors hereby Give Notice that they will receive Money
on Loan, to pay off Debentures falling due, and are prepared*to accept
Tenders lor the same for a period of 3,5, or 7 years. at 5 per cent.
per annum. Application may be made to the undentignecl.
By order of the Directors.
CA ‘S. A. SAUNDERS, Secretary.
Paddington Station, 2d November. 1855.

Watt, 91, screw steam-ship arrived at Sheerness from
the. Baltic at 8 p.m., on Saturday last from Hull, after
a very tempestuous passage, having sprung a leak and
put into Copenhagen, where she was hailed up on a pi-
tent slip to make good defect.,; Commander Wise, who
was in the affair at Garcia Carkby, is ordered to leave
for Plymouth to•day.
A number of artificers in their various branches, ship.
wrights, smiths, joiners, &c., are ordered to commence
working extra hours at Sheerness to-day, to facilitate
the completion of the screw mortar-ship Evrotas, now in
No.
...2 dry dock.

Masts, spars, rigging, and sails are being prepared at
Sheerness yard for eight of the new gun-boats now build-
ing, ready for early service next spring.
An examination of the hull and coppers of her Ma-
jesty's ship Merlin, Captain Sullivan, has taken place in
the dry dock at Woolwich, the result of which has
shown that, by the explosion of the Russian infernal
machine, three sheets of her copper were stripped off,
her bulkhead was driven in, and one of her timbers split.
'lt is considered by the officers of the yard and the ship-
wright department that what prevented the de-
struction of the vessel was, that the force of the ex-
plosion struck that part of the ship against which
lay the tallow tank. The tank was found started
from its position and thrown to a distance of six
feet, through the bulkhead of the engineers' store-
room. The crew of the Merlin were on Saturday morn-
ing paid down, one watch being granted 14 days' leave,
and subsequently all the hands are to be employed in
fitting and rigging gun-boats, to the number of 120,
which will be ready for service by the commencement of
the ensuing spring.
The Plover and the &Tidily gun-boats were !on Satur-
day morning taken into dry dock to be coppered.
The half-yearly inspection of the Royal Sappers and
Miners took place on Saturday morning at Woolwich.
The line was formed at 11 o'clock for the arrival on the
ground ,of the-CotrustandiugesPßoyal Engineer, who com-
menced his inspection by minutely examining each indi-
vidual of the corps assembled. The troop then broke
into open column of division, and marched past in slow
and quick time, and at quarter-distance column ; after
which the kits were inspected, the books, and barracks,
&c. The battalion paraded again at a quarter before 2
o'clock, and went through a complete field day's exercise
under the command of Lieutenant and Adjutant Lena-
priers, in skirmishing order.
The following appointments were made on Saturday
at the Admiralty :—The Rev. Josiah Thompson, of the
Illustrious, to be chaplain of the Royal Marine Infirmary
at Portsmouth ; the Rev. W. S. Davies, to be chaplain
of the Implacable ; the Rev. J. P. Oliver, to be chaplain
of the Meander; Frederick H. Rose, to be assistant-
surgeon to Deal Hospital.
Various regulations have been made for the organisa-
tion of a permanent corps of instructors in musketry, to
be in communication with the Commandant of the School
of Musketry at Hythe. In the order issued from the
Horse Guards upon the subject the General Commanding-
in-Chief states that be relies upon the zealous co-opera-
tion of all, in order to insure the consolidation and well
working of a general system of instruction in rifle-shcot-
ing, by which the efficiency of the infantry cannot fail
to be greatly increased.

publid mishaps on bankers and bank notes ? At all
times; novelties, though as useful as steam-engines or
railroads, have excited much indignation, and the
poor li/retches of Luddites, who were banged for their
violence, broke to pieces the machinery that lightens toil
and enriches almost without labour. Shame it is that
men of authority, men swift to threaten or punish them
for their ignorance, should lend their countenance to
such general and mischievous prejudice, and ascribe
evils to an invention or an art, because it is new, that
have! a very different source. Sir Robert Peel, how-
ever,ifastened on the prejudice against banks and bank
note,i and paraded all the ragged, broken, and bank-
rupt ;bankers of whom he could collect an account—
as if iin no other trade there were failures—before the
Howie of Commons and the public. When vast dis-
tress land disasters could be ascribed to men who must
of ndcessity, like physicians and clergymen, be impli-
citly nonfided in, but of whose untrustworthiness the
evidunce in an inability to pay their debts is much more
certain and conspicuous than the evidence of the unskil-
fulness of a physician or the false teaching of a clergy-
man, it was an easy task to hold them up to opprobrium ;
and Sir Robert attained, almost by acclamation, an as-
sent to the part of his plan which placed restrictions on
bank4s, banking, and bank notes. The measure was
to inipply by statute their want of trustworthiness ;
and they exhibited a disposition to oppose it. But they
were bought over at the expense of the public. To dona-
te for the, restrictions on existing banks, to keep

Irofession select and pure, it was enacted that no

bank of issue should be established. This boon to
Ing bankers, which with old guild strictness con-
the act to the then existing members of the craft,

and provided only for their further decrease, pacified the
money dealers, and they patiently submitted to a little
fetter on themselves, on condition of a much heavier
fette being imposed on all who might wish to become
competitors with them. The huge fetter on the
pubc, and the small one on them were privi-
lege'cl,
to the Bank of England, which received with
than fulness—having this large compensation—the
littl restriction, imposed for the public benefit, al
was aid, on its mode of managing its own business.
The pleasure was described as a restriction on bankers,
and so the public, on whom it was a real restriction,
accOiesced in it. All parties were cunningly bribed or
deluded, and so readily believed that a measure proposed
by almost successful banker—and though about to retire
fron business—and promoted by the most honoured
statesman of the age, must be advantageous. The public
was ;sacrificed to propitiate the banks. This great autho-
rity, by appealing to vulgar prejudices, and imposing re-
strictions on the nation for the supposed benefit of
powerful individuals, was enabled to pass a law which,
judged by the principles of free trade and the experience
of eleven years, is a scandal to our age. The kindred
law ,for stinting the supply of food was overthrown by
the ktato rot, and the Bank Act, from the influence of
a war demand by the Government on the currency, will
certinly follow the Corn Law. F. T.

MR. COBDEN'S LETTER TO THE WEST
.RI DING.

( From the Weekly Despatc,

• - - -
We take it as the mo=t infallible sign of the extremity
to vihich the Czar is driven, that his British patrons at
this time press upon us so urgently the policy of making,
the (duty for suing for, peace. Yes ; suing for it—going,
cap!in hand and with peccavi on the lip, to the Autocrat
of Poly Russia—confessing humbly that we have—
givizin him a good licking, and that, therefore, we hope
he Will condescend to—kiss and be friends. The lan-
guage of our Russian party in England is uniformly the
same. They proclaim to all the world that their client
will never overture U 3 for a cessation of hostilities, and
that the war is a great crime. The inference is plain by
thellogic of exhaustion—if the Czar won't yield, and to
yielid is a duty, there is only one other party in the
field, and that party must give in. It is very apparent
that it is always after sohie signal disaster to the Mus-
covites that we are conjured to pacify them by submis-
sion. Mr. Cobden is alarmed for his Imperial protege
—he sees his fortunes waning. He fears that if he can-
not succeed in humbugging and frightening his country.
men into negotiation, truce and peace, our armies and
navies may have driven the enemy to propose terms of
cap'itulation. It is as if he had received a message from
thel Czar that he must alarm us, and coerce our Govern-
ment into instant negotiation, for positively he cannot
hold out any longer. Mr. George Thompson has been
seized with another lecturing diarrhoea—our walls are
agiin placarded with enormous bills, and inflammatory
plabards (" regardless of expense," which must be very
consi.lera,ble) connecting the high price of bread with
our resiAance to Russian encroachment. To the same

end the riots in Hyde-park arc kept up by the enemies
of society and of order ; and Ar. Bright has announced
his' intention of breaking out in a fresh place with an
effusion of his boisterous eloquence and indignant im-
partiality. These are all symptoms of a "move"—con-
scdtaneous enough to have all .the features of a " coin-
sid'ence7 of. the--sort described
_by " Puff in the
"Critic." It doubtless, high time these evangelists
made haste ; for, notwithstanding all their gross mis-
statements and diversions in favour of the enemy, his
dais of greatness are numbered, unless he can intro-
duce his wooden horse of sympathizing Quakers and

Peace Society partizans into our citadel- to betray us.
Nothing is gained in the end with Englishmen by flat-
tering their hopes, or magnifying their prospects. We
have no desire to overstate our case, or to exaggerate
our resources. It is a plain and a portentous fact, that
since the time of the last great war, the wants, comforts
anti luxuries of all classes have materially increased.
We are, by a course of self-indulgence and expeneive
habits, less able to bear the pinch of heavy taxes, or to
deny ourselves those appliances which the heavy costs
of the war call upon us to resign. The masses, in par.
tidular, have greatly improved their condition—raised
their standard of comfort and tats—expanded their
ideal of social life and domestic habits. Excised here of
their surplus earnings by the tax gatherer, and cut down
there in their income of wages by the contraction of
enterprise and circumscription of trade—the necessary
result of war—a trial, doubtless, is before them similar
to that which, in times past, has produced riot, rebel-
lion and treason. It shall not be said, with any show
of justice, that the press, which is charged by the Man-
chester sect with the organization and defence of the
war by means of gasconading misrepresentation, has
suppressed or concealed any facts which could conduce
to a sober judgment on the subject. We shall notice
these more willingly
because they are already producing
a very signal effect on our capitalists, financiers, and
large merchants and manufacturers, echo begin to regard
the money market arid the state of trade with deep
anxiety, to waver in the faith which led them either to
advocate or permit the war, and who are being prepared
during the interval before the meeting of Parliament to
join in the powerful efforts which a i I be made by a large
section of our Parliament, and not by a few of our lead-
ing statesmen, to compel the Government to initiate pro-
posals of accommodation with the enemy. It is, we
are assured, very certain that this country is, at the pre-
sent moment, spending one million sterling per week on
this war directly, besides the sacrifice of its trade, and
the drain of its able-bodied labourers, which must be sub-
mitted to that the war may be fed effectively. In the
language of the proeßussian placards, the campaign has
annihilated six hundred thousand men, and as much
money as would give 241. to each family in the King-
dom, besides supplies adequate to feed the entire popu-
lation of Manchester for a whole year. It is positively
stated to us by the authority of one of the largest finau-
ciere in the world, that the expenditure of France on
this war is at the rate of one million and a half per
week—and it is more than hinted that our neighbours
cannot support that exhaustion of their resources moth
longer. We are prepared to take the facts for granted.
Is it necessary to expose the utter groundlessness of the
deductions ? In the 30 years of the late war, France,
with half her present population, and less than half her
present income and wealth, sustained a successful con-
test with all Europe, and maintained a great and splen-
did navy, coming out of,the struggle in 1815 richer and
stronger than when it began. England, amid distress,
embarrassment, discontent and sedition, found 400,000
troops of the line, 120,000 seamen and Marines, 500,000
Militia, 1,000,000 volunteers for the contest, and
700,000,0001. of money. She is now twice as populous,
and more than twice as rich—with a navy made by
steam and science incomparably more efficient—and an
army, with all its faults, unequalled in heroism either
by its own or any other country. In twelvemonths we
have gained four great battles, destroyed four consider-
able strongholds of the enemy, and the greatest fortress
in the world —seized enormous stores in Azoff and Sebas-
topol—ravaged the enemy's coasts—destroyed his
greatest fleet, captured a large portion of his commercial
marine, sealed up his navy in its harbour, and destroyed
500,000 of his troops in the Principalities, Asia, the
Crimea and the Baltic. If it has cost the allies 125
millions to do this ; what has it cost the Czar to suffer
it ? Is it necessary for us to say that his expenditure
and loss and exhaustion, with a ruined trade, and stag-
nant commerce, must have been nearly twice as great—
that he cannot keep the field an hour without having re-
course to the same expensive appliances of modern, civilised
and scientific warfare employed by us, which must be more
costly to him than to us whose ready money and open sea
enable us to procure everything at the cheapest rate ?
The war, in fact, is a question of money; and we who
have the most of it must have the best of it, just as the,
spinning-jenny and the steam-engine conquered Bona-
parte atWaterloo. How accordingly stands the account ?
Our revenue is even more responsive to the call of the
Chancellor of the Exchequer than his own calculations
anticipated. Our trade never was sounder or our finance
safer. The traffic on our railways, the index at once
_of
the state of commerce, and the condition of our people,
is fully 10 per cent. greater than it was last year. That
which Mr. Cobden regards as evidence of the unpnglar-
the
ity of the war is only proof of the vast prosperiaetny.d navy
country. Men enlisted formerly in the Army
-lo
because no other course of profitable em
ployment
open to them. We have lost two millionsof Irish by
to the
the extent of
famine ; and our people have emigrated
t
three millions in the last ten years. Employment is so
abundant, wages is so high, and taxation
has been so
ernent was
for their
betters, can find better remunerationservices
d a red coat in the trenches
readjusted to relieve the masses, that they, like their
and thirteennence a day an _ _
The men of desperate fortunes,
or on the forlorn hope.

who, at the beginning of the century, took refuge in our
regiments, have drafted themselves off to our Colonies
and the United -States ; while our mercantile marine,
quadrupled in extent, naturally swallows up our seafar-
ing population. Our masses did not enlist during the'
last war because it was popular—for, in sooth, they did'
not care three straws what cause it was which they
fought—and our only surprise is that so many have been
found to engate in this in the face of such discourage-
[rents as the Peace party have offered, the gross mis-
management under which the troops have suffered and
the appalling mortality which has swept like a plague
through out cohorts, and swallowed them up in
famine, cold, hunger, fatigue and preventible disease
If the war be not popular, how does it happen that it
it is carried on ? Dizzy and Derby have done their best
to burke it. The Manchester school have denounced it,
with few exceptions. The leading statesmen, of every
party in both houses have, one after another, fallen
a►cay from its support, and openly avowed their convic-
tion of its irnpolicy ; yet, in the face of all this, it is
pursued with greater vigour than ever. On what possi-
ble support can it rest against such opposition but that
of the nation itself, which has risen here superior to the
anostaey of cowardly politicians, doctrinaire crotcheteers,
the low cunning of faction and the sophistry which leads
the political casuist through the mire of his logical con-
undrums with implicit but most ridiculous "nasiduction."
We are even now in want of a Colonial Secretary, be-
cause Lord Derby withholds his son from a war Minis-
try. Yet that Ministry is the strongest that is at pre-
sent possible, because it prosecutes the war. We are
quite ready to accept Mr. Cobden's test of the opinion
of the people on this point. He tells us with 26,800
men we outnumbered the French on the Alma, and that
so little popular has been the cause of quarrel, the
masses have withheld from enlistment even to supply
the waste of that small contingent. If that be so, how
did we conquer at Alma, Balaklava, Inkerman, Tcher-
naya, Sebastopol, Azoff, Kinburn ? How did the enemy
lose 500,000 men How isit that we enter the field in
spring with 70,000 British bayonets and sabrts, and
30,000 Foreign auxiliaries, all the fruit of voluntary en-
Hsu:tent ? Let the sage for the West' Riding rest per-
fectly easy on the score of recruits for this war. Should
England fail to supply her contingent, Prance can
readily furnish twice as many as ever can be wanted,
and we will probably address ourselves to the proper
business of England, that of balancing by her navy the
preponderance of France in military resources. The
minuter details of this important letter, which is, in
fact, the manifesto of a powerful party, deserve and de-
mand a second and special examination. It remains for
us now to add that, having done enough to prove our
superiority to the enemy, and to vindicate the law of
nations against gross and shameless violation, we shall
be prepared to consider, in no spirit of exaction, and to
settle, on no stringent terms, any proposals from our
beaten and exhausted enemy which he may be disposed
to offer as a suitor for peace ; that, it being notorious
the population of Russia has utterly failed to supply the
drafts of troops recently demanded from them, the war
must necessarily, at no distant date, burn itself out ;
that the operations of Omer Pacha and General Wil-
liams, in Asia, are straining the resources of Russia to
the utmost ; and that, in the event of the insane perse-
verance of the Czar in maintaining his unprincipled pre-
tensions, his final expulsion from the Crimea and the
Caucasus, with the aid of Schamyl and the Crcassians,
will form the natural solution of the politcal problem
in the prosecution of the war.

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9 1855 [ PRICE 4D. STAMPED 5D-