The Sun.
London, England, 1855-12-06 00:00:00

rtfi "

.-a

twrsirr eirosel

[PRICE 4D. STAMPED SD.

Though England was rich in natural resources, sbe was
I schject to visitations of dire distress, and this was mainly
attrioutable to a monetary system vicious in principle
and iniquitous in operation. Look where they might
there were evidences of the extreme difficulty of selling
goods and of employing labour. There were everywhere
symptoms of a fierce competition ; there was a per-
petual pinch on price and profits, and the foot of the
buyer was on the neck of-the seller. The pre.ent cur-
rency laws should be at once repealed, and an attempt
should be made to establish an equilibrium between the
quantity of money and the quantity of goods. He had
a great respect for the imes, and he knew of no other
paper whicli had rendered such essential service to the
people of England ; but--he did not approve all its pro-
ceedings, and least of all did he concur in the pr )priety
of the course which it had taken on the currency ques-
tion. The Times sang a hymn of joy last month because
the 4th day of the month— that on which bills are usually
payable—had passed without witnessing any large in-
solvency, as if our monetary system was to be applauded
not because it was operative of good, but because once in
a way it was not productive of positive calamity. The Times
al ways looked anxiously out for the arrivals of gold, and
if the precious meta's were detained it recommended mer-
chants and buyers goderally to be very cautious, and to
limit 'their purchases—forgetting that to limit pur-
chases meant to limit life, for the first right of
the labourer was to be allowed to live by.his toil. lie
(Mr. Salt) was for establishing a legal tender money and
re.;ulating the issue • and the rule should be that money
should be issued till every honest labourer had found
full employment at remunerative prices. (Laughter.)
If money were sufficiently abundant they might take his
word for it that labour would be fully and completely
employed. He would not have an excess or deluge of
paper, but it should, be so regulated as to keep the
quantity of money and the power of exchanging it in
strict proportion with the labour to be engaged and the
quantity of goodi tole cc:instil:lied:
Mr. TAYLOR, of Nottingham, supported the resolu-
tion, saying that there was to be a public tneeting in that
town upon the question, and that a Parliamentary in-
quiry int., the working of the act of 1844 was required.
Mr.LOCKHART expressed his doubts whether the value
of property had really been affected to such an extent as
the chairman described; he attributed such crises to over-
speculation, or to the monopoly of capital, and approved
of the Limited Liability Act, although it would have
been better not to have required that the shares should
be each of the amount of 1.0/., because that requirement
would exclude the labouring man. He had prepared an
amendment, declaring that the large efflux of gold re-
cently was clearly traceable to the wants of the armies
and navies engaged in war, and that the only effectual
remedy was to stop the war ; but seeing that the feeling
of the meeting was against him, he would not propose
tha' amendment.
The resolution was then carried.

Mr. J. DuNear," who said this meeting was to be im-
mediately followed by the holding of a congress to dis-
cuss the whole question, and that the expense of the
meeting would be entirely defrayed by Mr. H. Ingram,
having addressed the meeting for some time, moved the
second resolution :--" That 110 system of currency can be
satisfactory that does not reseore gold to its natural cha-
racter as a c mmodity, so that it may find its value
under the natural laws of supply and demand."
Mr. E. CAPPS seconded the motion, and congratulated
the meeting on the fact that the Times was prepared to
go Kith them, at least to a certain point, for in its City
Article of October 26 he found this pas-age :—" At that
p,riod (meaning 1844) the paper circulation of the coun
-ry was nearly the- same as at present, and consisted
party in notes of the Bank of England, and partly in
those of joint-Auck and private banks. Suppo,ing this
circulation to be required solely for internal commerce,
r o necPssity could exist for gold being held for any por-
tion of it. (Hear.) A deposit for Government Stock, or
the fact of its being receivable for duties, would at all
times keep it from fluctuating in value. (Hear, hear )
Whatever might be thought of the soundness of the
general views respecting a deposit of Government Stock
—a question which he had his doubts on, but which
mould admit of c.)nsideration —he could, at all
events, say that he cordially concurred in the pro-
priety of making it receivable for duties as suggested
by the Times. He could not, however, agree with that
great organ of public opinion in thinking that the sys-
tem established in 3844 had by any means accomplished
the doctrine of Sir H. Peel, that the currency should at
all times, and under all circumstances, maintain the
same intrinsic value ; on the contrary, he believed that
the Bank Charter Act had completely failed in that ob-
ject. But if the present monetary sy-teni were changed
and another substituted founded on the present, resolu-
tion, how, it might be asked, would we manage with
our foreign trade ? It was said that foreigners would
not take our notes. He hoped that they would not—
(" Hear," and laughter)—for then we should remain in
quiet possession of our own instruments of exchange.
(Hear.) The balances should, of course, be pail in gold,
but at the market price of gold, and not at a fixed mint
price. (Hear.)
Mr. E. Varretrranr NEAT az moved the last resolution,
as follows :—" That such national paper money may be.
issued under conditions calculated to remove the objec-
tions usually urged against paper money, and that it be
referred to a congress to discuss the system of currency
which might conveniently be adopted."
This resolution having been seconded and agreed to,
the proceedings ended.

Naval and Military Intelligence.

The transport Durham,-No. 179, has arrived at Wool-
wich Arsenal, with condemned stores from the East, last
from Portsmouth and Malta.

A second iron mortar•boat was towed up to Woolwich
dockyard yesterday morning by the steamer Monkey,
from Messrs. Scott Russell's yard, at Northfleet, and is
to be immediately rigged and fitted out for an experi-
mental trial. She is similar in all her appointments and
build to the first of this species of mortar-boats received
at Woolwich last week, with the slight exception of her
mortar framework being of wood, instead of iron, which
is subject to spring from its position under the shock oc-
casioned by the discharge. The first of these boats will
be ready in a day or two, to commence her round of ex-
perimerts. Her piece of ordnance was hoisted on board
yesterday morning.
The new floating battery just commenced in No. 7 Fl p
at Chatham dockyard is the .2-Etna (so nanv-cl after the
one destroyed at B'ack wall). She is pierced for 28 guns,
hut, will carry only 14 large ones, which will be stilted
from side to side as required. Her dimensions are as
follow :—Length, 180 feet ; height, 18 feet; breadth, 40.
feet ; with flat bottom, and drawing six or seven feet of
water. There are 150 hands employed on the -Etna,
which will be launched in March.
The new steam-sloop Pearl crossed topsatlyards yes-
11,•rday, and is expected to be ready for commission in
three weeks.
The Sandfly and Plover gun-boats have coaled, and are
to go down to Sheerness, to make room for others which
are ready to be taken into basin and pass under the bands
of the riKg,,rs.
Two 68-pounder field-pieces, 1911 feet cast in Woolwich
Arsenal, on the Lancaster principle, were yesterday
morning fired at the proof butt, and turned out satis-
factorily. A material improvement has been added to
these guns—namely, a greater weight of metal from the
trunnions to the muzzle, that being the point at which some
of the old Lancaster guns showed their defect and burst.
The remedy is now considered effectual in these guns.
They will therefore be rifled, and go through some sub-
sequent trials.
The Commandant of Chatham Garrison has received
from her Majesty the photographic likenesses of Thomas
Walker, 95th Regiment, and Robert Evans, 13th Light
Dragoons, which he presented yesterday, by the Queen's
command, to those two young men, now in Fort Pitt.
The former had 13 pieces of his skull bone taken away;
the latter lost his right leg under distressing circum-
stances.

APPOINTMENTS.
The following appeared in our late edition last
night :

•
COMMANDERS.
J. P. Luce, to the Wanderer. 1-1-13,3
F. A. Maxse, to the Ariel, vice Luce. .60900-
,
MASTERS. • 4 ,
John M. Hockley, to the Arachne. o°l4
David Moore, to the Wanderer. :7 ,Fr
SURGEONS.
Charles D. Steel, to the Conqueror.'
Frederick Hawey, to the Conway.
William Wood, to the Russell.
John Forbes (D), to the Arachne.
ASSISTANT-SURGEONS.
John C. Robertson, to the Belleisle.
Raymond R. Carroll, to the Salamander.
COAST GUARD.
Capt. Charles Eden, C. 8., to be Comptroller. General
of Coast Guard, vice Henderson, deceased.

STABBING BY A LUNATIC.—A. well-looking young
woman rushed on Sunday morning from No. 7, Rue
naitholon, crying out, " Arrest him! arrest him !
Be has stabbed me !" At the same moment a mean-
looking man was seen running with all his speed to-
wards the Faubourg Poissonniere. A police-agent suc-
c..,,,led in barring his passage, and he was taken into
custody. The man, on finding himself a prisoner,
said to the officer, " Let me go I am the son of tle
Almighty !" And at the samemoment, drawing forth
a long poniard, he struck himself several times wi h
it in the breast, though not with any great force. The
weapon was at last wrested from him, an& he WAS taken
to the post of the Rae Cadet. As to the woman, she
expired almost immediately after, from a dreadful wound
which the man had inflicted on her in the left breast.
She seemed to be about 25 years of age, and was a
eressmaker by occupation. The murderer, who lsa
married man, admits hia crime. He is a journeyman
jeweller, living at La Villette, and asserts thatn he
stabbed the young woman in a violent burst of anger,
ears,
because she would not continue to receive hisn visits
but the
I
formerly. At times he speaks incoherent
belief is that he has assumed an appearance of folly for
with hips
reason of her
The the purpose of extenuating his act,
im be declares
having broken off her connection with
hinuelfgotopletely ignorant of.

e."/Zie.l2/eseer4/7
-----
'---X----- se.
e:-- C- Cosese
1. r, 7•.,-, V:.,
TILE ikt:9,B/-iliVl7lo•Ww.ii;c --t".ifiT'7;3,, '''''.
• • _...__,,„_._____. -. • <,-,:•., el-4 fe 'S oel". •
BERLIN, Dec. 3.—Frain the text of th ''Vtis
at the' opening of the Chambers last Thuray you Wiro .
have perceived that its first and foremost hAect was
, the high price of provisions produced by the instiffeeien:,
harveet and the disturbance of the usual course of trafflirsie:l2„
by the war. And this is, in fact, the subject 'of the .
greatest interest here, where the higher aspirations of a fir:,. - s
European mission for the preservation of general peace i
do not find any echo in the hearts of either ruler or peo-
ple.
:Not only was it the foremost subject of the King's
speech, it was also the subject of the first motion brought
ferwrird in the House of Deputies at their first sitting
on Friday, the (fay-after-the-opening, and which was cha.
racterised as or.e of '" great' Urgency."' The tenoer of
the motion was to cali upon the Government to take
in to earnest consicleiretibwe the - distress occasioned
by the high prices to 'the inferior civil servants of
the Crown and find means for its relief. "It was!
however, withdrawn on the as-nrance that Govern-
rir ent hal already come to resolutions on the sub-
ject, and would publish them without delay. The courts
of justice have Already bestowed an extra allowance on
their officials, derived from a variety of small economies
made during the war with reference to the possibility of
such an emergency. The railway companies the same ;
every corporation finds some means of assisting. their
subordinates in the present scarcity, but no exertions,
either public or private, suffice to relieve the' want that is
just now felt here by every one of fixed income, and still
more by those of no income at all. The claims of the
latter upon the charity of the former bring all into the
one category of " persons in want." The distress is sogreat ,
in Germany that in many places the inhabitants have
been driven to be public-spirited, enterprising, and
practical. The state of things, you may be sure,
that has produced this revolution must indeed be
urgent. Some of the results already attained are
worth being made known. A Hanoverian manu-
facturer, for instance, cf the name of Egestorff, him
in the neighbourhood of Hanover, at a place called
Linden, erected an eating-house for the poor, which
supplies food for 2,100 persons daily at the cost price-
Part of them fetch or send for their dinners and eat them
at home, part avail themselves of the well-lighted and
heated dining rooms. The establishment employs 34
pair., of hands in a kitchen fitted up with six cauldrons
heated by steam. The present apparatus is equal to
delivering 3,000 portions a day, and with the help of
-twoimore steam cauldroul could supply 4,000. By the
employment' of 34 persons, instead of perhaps 500
women, who would waste each of them at least half-a-day
in cooking for those 2,000 persons, at least 216 whole
work days are saved. The firing of the one establish•
ments costs 4s. a day, that of the 500 families would cost
at least 60s. ; the actual outlay for the meat and vege-
tables is at least 20 per cent, less than the aggregate of
the individual households, and the produce of the broken
meats and offal is a clear profit over the economy of the
many separate cookings. A portion or serving contain-
ing one quart of strong soup, with vegetables in it, and
a piece of meat from 2i oz. to 3 oz., costs lid., and
this price leaves a surplus towards the wear and tear of
utensils. The arrangements have been found so bone•
finial for the poorer classes, that in Hamburg already
tees similar establishments have been formed arid are in
full activity, the police force being necessary to control
the ardour of the customers ; in Bavaria, where the
Government has required the local authorities through-
eut the land to erect similar ones, it has already taken
place in many towns, Ie Berlin, the seat of intellec-
t Jai civilisation, they have already got so tar as to pro-
pose the plan for imitation.
The preparation of tread is also a subject that just
now, in these hard times, occupies the public atten-
tion ; seeing that, though the prices rem sin the same,
the size of the loaves becomes "small by degree'
and abornieably less." It is pointed out that in the
grinding of corn at least 12 to 20 per cent. of the
,vhule quantity of grain to be grimed is turned
out as bran, of three different degrees of fineness,
while, accoreing to Liebig, wheat contains only two per
cent, of indigestible ligneous matter ; that this bran is
applied only as fodder for animals, while it contains 60
to 70 per cent. of the nutritious elements of wheaten
(leer. The separation of the bran from the fi our by the
process of bolting is one that thus necessarily reduces
the stock of flour by one-fifth or one-fourth, without ma-
terially improving the nutritious qualities of the bread.
Certain it is that the Westphalian bread, made of un-
bolted rye flour, and other bread made in imitation of it,
such as the bread served out to the soldiers here, al-
though mere cheaply produced, is purchased readily
by ail connoisseurs in Berlin at higher prices than
the good-looking white bread, On account of
its nutritive and other wholesome qualities. Another
cause of the unnecessarily high price of bread
is indicated as arising from the primitive man-
ner in which the bakes's trado is still oarried
on by small masters, with two or three assistants at
most, instead of applying machinery and the more recent
discoveries in chemistry towards diminishing the cost of
production. In Amsterdam a joint stock company has
just been formed with a capital of 250,0006., for the
production of unadulterated and cheap rye bread for the
million. In Stuttgardt a manufactory of bread was
opened on the sth of November, which turns out 500 lb,
of bread every 45 minutes, and in the 24 hours (fur the
demand for their article compels them to work day and
night) 16,000 lb. Six journeymen bakers are constantly
at work, while three are at rest, and one has a holyday;
10 in all. The flour is kneaded in a long trough by means
of a main spindle running along it, which is kept revolv-
ing by manual or other force ; the warm water necessary
for the process is obtained by pas. ing the water pipe that
conveys it along the chimneys of the three ovens, which
are constantly baking. The dough is kneaded very long
in shorter time and better than the hums!' hand can
turn it out ; the machine net only does its work cleanly,
but keeps itself clean that is to say, it does not require
any human labour to clear it of dough clinging to it.
The bread produced at the manufactory is not only sold
a kr, utzer below the price fixers by the police, but is
also so sightly and well tasted, that customers fight for
it every time an oven is drawn, or the little van that
carries it out is sent off from ihe door. The present amount
of daily production, 16,00016., is the maximum that the
present establishment can turn ont ; it is proposed, how-
ever, to extend it to a capacity• of 30,000 d). daily, white
at the same time to similar bakeries are proposed for
erection on a still larger scale. Orders for the bread.
are sent in from towns even at a considerable distance,
so clearly has the superiority of this manufactured bread
been acknowleiged: one order from Ravensburg was for
12,0001 b. of bread to be sent daily by railway. A some-
what similar attempt to produce bread in large quantities
has 'been made here with success by the Presieent of
Po ice, who supplies the whole policy force with bread
bent r and cheaper that, they can have it from the baker;
this bread is produced et an establishment founded by
him a lithe say Trion the; town, with a view to the occu-
•,atiou of ciiminws in the epee air, aod thus reforming
teen. By a species of
thepo cesioc.raili p
thus compelled t ,ai.,e
o .atittice justice they are
bake the bread of
their vigilant persecutors, now become their benefactors.

IRELAND.

DUBLIN, WEDNESDAY EVENING.
ARMAGH BOROUGH ELECTION.
The polling commenced at 8 o'clock this morning, and
at 11 o'clock the number; stood as follows :—Bond, 140;
Miller, 131. Fr m this hour Mr. Bond's maj,rity
slowly increased until before 1 o'clock, when Mr. Miller
was in a minority of 26, and not more than 50 more votes
to be pilled. At 3-o'clock the poll stood thus :—Bond,
181 ; Miller, 149 ; majority, 32. The contest is there-
fore virtual►y over.

TEM BIBLE BURNING CASE.
The Commission of Oyer and Tertniner was opened
this morning at the Sessions house, Green-street, before
Mr. Justice Crampton and Baron Greene.
At the close of a luminous charge by Mr. Justice
Crampton, bills were sent up, and at 3 o'clock the Rev.
Mr. Pecherine was ordered to attend in court for the pur-
pose of being arraigned. Ho shortly after made his ap-
pearance, but a case of assault being in course of trial
nothing could be done until it had been brought to a
close. After a few minutes the rev. gentleman, together
with the boy Hamilton, appeared at the traversers' bar,
and, on being arraigned, pleaded "Not Guilty.
Mr. Corballis then applied to have the trial fixed for
to-morrow morning.
Sir C. O'Loghlen objected, on the part of the traver
era; and it was at length agreed that the trial should-
Friday take place on morning, at 10 o'clock.

WEDNESDAY 'MORNING.
ENCUMBERED ESTATES' COURT.
The estates of Mr. Michael Joseph Browne, of Mayne,
situate in the counties of Galway and Roscommon, and
valued at about 3,5001. a year, were sold yesterday in 29
lots. The gross sum realised for the whole amounted to
69,0001. The bidding for each lot was most spirited,
and the rates of purchase, in several instances, were ex-
treme ly high.