The Sun.
London, England, 1855-11-24 00:00:00

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CE 4D.

Spirit of the Public Journals.

(From, the _Times of this day.)

Builders in these days are apt to begin in the
autumn, on the idea of getting the foundations
well in before summer. Perhaps that fixed the
time for the ceremony in which Prince Albert took
the principal part at Birmingham on Thursday ;
otherwise, spring is the time for any work that
makes great demands on one's faith and expecta-
tion. We know what the day was in London—
hardly ever one blacker ; and at Birmingham, we
are told, " a cold and drizzling rain set in early in
the morning and continued throughout the day,"
without, however, damping the loyal ardour of the
multitudes. Such an atmosphere adds only new
lustre to the public spirit and perseverance with
which his Royal Highness and the other distin-
guished personages present strove to dispel the
gloom of the physical, and, we suppose we
must add, the mental atmosphere around. them.
Prince Albert showed his usual depth of reflection
and breadth of survey ; Lord Ashburton made an
excellent speech, and there was, indeed, not one
without much truth and common sense. If, how-
ever, we say that the whole day's celebration re-
minds ono of the phrase, "along pull, and a strong
pull, and a pull altogether," while we think that
a most creditable and truly English process, we
must say that it also describes the immense labour
of the effort. It all reads as it were very up-hill
work, and as if chaos itself had now to receive
order and light. Tho first principles are evoked
from the very heart of the universe, and the
human mind probed to its very depths for the
great work now begun. Such a task requires such
a style.

" When Ajax strives some rock's vast weight to throw,
The line, too, labours, and the verse moves slow,"

The speeches, indeed, abounded in reminiscences
greatly to the credit of the undertaking, but yet
reminding us how much has been done, and to
how little purpose. We are informed, to begin
with, that Prince Albert had in former years done
so much for the chief institutions and manufactures
of Birmingham, that the Council had scarcely felt
it a presumption to ask for the renewed honour of
a visit. Then not only are the two Universities
described as still confined, in a great degree, to
their prescriptive specialities of mathematics and
classics, but even the Great Exhibition, now four
years past, is alluded to only to measure our in-
crease of inferiority at Paris this year. Prince
Albert tells us that almost everything is still to be
done ; Lord Ashburton that we are actually going
backwards. The Midland Institute, it appears, is
the very first institution that owes its origin in any
way to the great movement of 1851. Even in Lon-
don we aro only laying the foundations of a tempo-
rary asylum for some outcast and scattered collec-
tions. Not a point was instanced by the Royal or
noble speakers in which we could be said to have
improved. Only in some things our deficiency is
more apparent than ever. In faet, the great Bri-
tish nation is beginning at last to be conscious not
only of some natural deficiencies, but even of a
temporary obscuration of its powers. We have
some good painters, though even they are finding
their matches abroad, but for the rest—let us see !
We want a Heaven-sent general. We want a poet.
We want a good historian—not a brilliant essayist,
but a man who can write a compendious and classi-
cal history of England, or any other history. We
want some endurable sermons. If the pulpitjust now
has no luminaries to mention, on the other hand the
stage is not in its palmiest state. There died lately
in great distress a man who could compose some
original airs ; but at this moment it cannot beepre-
tended that we have a single composer of extraor-
dinary genius. Going lower, into those homely
regions where Prince Albert loves to succour and
elevate the soul of British art---in furniture, paper-
hangings, ironwork, china, and almost everything
that contributes to the decoration of our houses,
we are still beaten by foreigners. Apropos of Bir-
mingham, within these few years two splendid
mansions have been built in Piccadilly by million-
aires, both with costly iron railings—the one, how-
ever, from abroad, the other evidently from some
home foundry. The forign railing is a work of art,
the other is an iron railing, and no more. To what
are we to ascribe this general standstill ? There
is no committee of aged generals sitting en per-
manence over the designs of our crockery and
hardware. No system of purchase excludes meri-
torious poverty, no Court favour sends genius to
the wall, no seniority crushes the aspirations of.
youth. There is no monopoly here. There must
be free trade in the realms of art. Nevertheless,
British art still provokes the laborious encou-
ragements and splendid condescensions we now
witness at Birmingham. Pelion is still to be
piled upon Ossa to attain even a respectable
position. Of the promised growth of British art
we must still say, as was said of the greatest fabric
of antiquity,—
" Tang molis erat Romanam condero gentem."
No doubt we shall have to wait for the result,
and when it comes it will probably come in a form,
possibly, also, in a grandeur and comprehensive.
ness, that we do not expect. All experience has
shown that there is no such subdivision in the
domains of genius as in the workshops of mechanical
art. When the inspiration once comes down it
lights many kindred studies. The Greek once pos-
sessed with the idea of beauty carried it out in
everything. His poetry, his philosophy, his tem-
ples, his statues, his language, his very dress, could
not be beautiful. We might almost venture to say
that there never was that sudden burst of genius
which constitutes what is called an Augustan Era,
without the light penetrating into every corner of
the human mind. Certainly we labour under great
disadvantages. This is a very material and matter-
of-fact age. All classes are toiling hard for subsist-
ence or for wealth ; and when a man does begin to
rest from his labours he has not much soul left for
the muses and graces. As for the great majority,
theirs is a sad bread-meat-and-bear, clothes and
furniture sort of existence. Then, what are we to
expect from 10,000 spinners and piecers employed
the whole of their lives in watching spindles and
piecing threads ? What from the man who does
the fiftieth part of a pin or a nail, or one piece in
a watch or a lock ? It must be confessed, too, that
there is no country in the world with less social
communication between the different classes. The
workpeople of a town never see anything of their
bettors, and have no contact with more cultivated
minds, except through the cold, dull medium of
books, in which they neither see nor hear the writer,
and catch neither his looks nor his tones. They who
have mostexplored the " masses" of our great towns
describe them as a Serbonian bog of ignorance,
depression, and general deadness of heart, mind,
and soul. Certainly their look, as they pass to and
fro, is not encouraging to the philanthropist, and it
argues no small courage for any man to devote
himself to the task of their elevation. Something
more than schools, " institutes," lectures, models,
and apparatus is wanted here. Something more
even than churches and the sparse ministrations of
a divided clergy. We must be excused if we have
an immense distrust of brick and mortar as a means
of rescuing the poor from the many living in-
fluences of a civilised barbarism. But when our
Heaven-sent poet and statesman and general have
come, we shall then also look for some one to take
the working man by the hand, speak to his iner-
most 80111, win his heart, and Point—to Hcaven, of 1

STAMPED SD.

KOSSETTII ON THE ARREST OF COL. TUB.

(Front the Atlas.)
England is really falling low in the estimation of the
despotic powers of Europe. Even Austria—only think,
Austria ! dares to offer England a monstrous insult,
coupled with a flagrant ♦iolation of international law.
Col. Tur, late of Hungary, now holding a commission
in the service of England, while on special duty by
order of his commander, has been arrested by the Aus-
trians at Bucharest, stripped ignominiously of his Eng-
uniform, and, in spite of the energetic remonstrances
of Consul Colquhoun, hurried off a prisoner to Transyl-
vania, for the time being an Austrian province by the
grace of Russian b tyonets and English contrivance.
Such is the monstrous fact.

General Coronini, formerly preceptor of Francis
Joseph of A ustria (a fit instructor for such a pupil), rested
his insolent daring on the ground that Col. Tur is a de-
serter from the Austrian army, and that he has the right
to seize and shoot " his deserters wherever he finds
them."

I have to offer some remarks both as to the deserter
and the pretended right.
Stephen Tar, now English colonel in an Austrian dun-
geon, was an officer in a Hungarian regiment stationed
in Italy, at the time of the struggle for Italian indepen-
dence in 184 S-49. Tnis was not a war between two
Governments ; it was the rasing of a nation for the revin-
dication of its imprescriptible right from foreign usurpa-
tion. The joining of Carlo-Alberto of Piedmont in the
war did not change the character of it. When (to the
misfortuce of Italy) he declared his participation, Aus-
tria was already defeated both at Venice and in Lom-
bardy. Zichy had signed a capitulation at Venice, and
Radetzky at Milan ; the whole regiment of Albrecht and
a battalion of Cecopieri at Cremona, a large portion of
the regiment of Haugwitz at Brescia, in all upwards of
8,000 officers and men of the Austrian army, faithful to
national duty, took their stand with Italy against
Austria.

TIOYAL SWEDISH RAILWAY COMPANY.
KOPING TO lIULT.
Notice Is . hereby given that all Shares in this Company, upon
wh'ch the Fin?l Call of 27. per Share became due and payable on the
Ist October, 1855, will, according to the Statutes of the company, be
liable to Forfeiture If the Call be not paid on or before the let day of
December next.

JOAN SADLEIR, Chairman.
London, 18, Cannon-streot, soy. 12, 1855.

ESTA.TILISE(ED 1837.
BRITANNIA LIFE ASSURANCE COM-
PANY.
Empowered by Special Act of Parliament.

BRITANNIA MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION,
Empowered by Her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent.
Mi.vm-Gatimut. ALEXANDER, Blackheath-park, Chairman.
Every description of Life Assurance business transacted, at the
lowest possible rates consistent with secarity to the assured.
E. R. FOSTER, Resident Direebr.
ANDREW FRANCIS, Secretary.
1, Princes street, Bank, London.

OSTEND RABBITS.—Large arrivals of 50
tons weight this day. Large fat ones, 3s. 4d. per stone. ;
do. by the case, 3s. per stone May be had this day at
GEORGE BROOKE and CO.'s, Leadenhall Market.

EXHIBITION OF CRIMEAN
PIIOIOIItAPIIS, 5, Pall-mall East.—Evening Exhibition
from Seven till Ten, and from len till Five daily. Admission, Is.
In foggy weather the Galldry is brilliantly lighted with gas.

A RGYLL ROOMS.-LAIIRENT'S CASINO
f NOW OPEN for the winter season. Principal Cornet
a Piston. "I. Bouleourt.—Doors open at 8. Admission Une Shilling.
Laurent's new Varsoviana every

To LOVERS OF FISH.-100 GENUINE
YARMOUTH BLOATERS for Gs., package included.
THESE HIGHLY ESTEEMED DELICACIES AND CHEAP

ARTICLE OF FOOD
forwarded to all parts, on receipt of penny postage stamps or P. 0.0.
(preferred). Send full and plain direction, county, and nearest sta-
ll 311.—Addres THOS. LETTIS, jun., Fish Curer, Ot. Yet mouth.
"This is the third season Mr. Lettis has supplied us with Yar-
mouth bloater 4 and we find the quality excellent J. Brashowe,
house steward, Blenheim Palace.—Oct. 20, 1854."
" Mr. Lettis,—As soon as you send out your genuine bloaters, I
shall be glad to have a supply as usual ; those I had last year save
great satisfaction.—q. F. Courroux, Ambassador's Court, St. James's
Palace.—Oct. 1, 1855."

QIR "WM. BURNETT'S DISINFECTING
FLUID, for destroying all Offensive Smells and purifying Sick
'moms, &c. Its cost is less than One Farthing per Galion when
&lilted for use.
Sold by all Chemists, and at 18, Cannon-street, City.
Gallons, 55. Quarts, 2s. Pints, ls. Half-pints, 6d.

TOZEAU'S COPAIIINE, or SACCHARATED
fil CAPSULES, approved of by the French College of Physicians,
in:season-illy administered In the Paris and London Hospitals, and
,eknowledgad by them to be the best remedy for a certain disorder.
(See " Lancet" of Nov. 6, 1852.) A copy will he forwarded on appli-
cation.—Frice per 100, 4s. 6d. ; 50, 2s. bd. To be had of the Investor,
(4 ABM Er, JOZ E AU, sole French chemist, 49, Haymarket, London,
and 111 the principal chemists.

Will you call deserters those 8,000 ? If you do, then
you must brand with the name of deserters the memory
of many a hero likewise, who shed his blood for your
own freedom, when Cromwell rose a glorious star on
England's canopy.
In the course of events the Hapsburgs, the joint ser-
pent head of whom we could have crushed at Vienna
with a tread of our heel, but whom with foolish magna-
nimity we spared—the Hapsburgs, in reward of our
generosity, by one of those foul crimes as only Haps-
burgs know how to commit, assailed Hungary. The
nation thus treacherously assailed charged me and may
colleagues to provide for the defence of the country. We
called the nation to arms, and with the authority of our
people's sovereign will (the only legitimate, the only
" divine " source of authority) we ordered every Hun-
garian soldier stationed in foreign countries either to
hasten home, to defend their native land against the
treacherous aggression by Austria, or, should to any of
them circumstances render the fulfilment of this duty
impossible, to join there, where they happen to be, those
who are up in arms against the aggressor of our country,
and fight there where they happen to be against the
common enemy, under the penalty of being considered
traitors to their fatherland.

Many a gallant patriot answered our first appeal.
History has recorded deeds, bordering on the ancient
fables of miraculous heroism—deeds of brave patriots
who, sword in hand, cut their way across hostile armies
and foreign lands, and either died in the attempt or ar-
rived home with the words, " Here we are, obedient to
our country's call."

Colonel (then lieutenant) Tur was less fortunately cir-
cumstanced. The then position of Italy explains
the impossibility of his making his way home ; but
as a good citizen he did what he could in obedience
to his nation's sovereign command ; he drew his
sword against the aggressor of his country where he
found himself, and sided with the Italian nation against
our common enemy. Soldier is a noble name •it means
defender of one's own country. His natural oath is,
that he will bravely combat every enemy of his country
wherever he be ordered to do so, by sea or by land.
Tur was faithful to this duty, as old with every citizen
as his life, and lasting while his life lasts. Honour
ani glory to him for it. Will you call him a " deserter ?"
Then you had to give the like name to those thousands
of Hungarian heroes who, faithful to patriotic duty, ex-
changed the yellow black of treacherous Austria for the
national tricolour, and shared in the glory of hurling the
faithless tyrant to the footstool of your enemy the Czar,
there to mendicate aid against the justice of God, re-
vealed in the victory of right. They, all of them, and
gallant Tur amongst the number, would deserve the igno-
minious title of "deserters " had they not answeredof
their country's call, had they remained in the ranke
Austria, and raised their parricidal hands for the enemy.
But if, such as they were, are to be called "deserters
then, from this day, the name " deserter" . d
be a titre
of honour, like as the cross, once the mark of ignominy,
ha-, become an emblem of honour.
M. Tur did not desert the Austriansmertnvnicnedfonrf
the
Piedmontese service ; he obeyed hb
national government of Hungary
Italian patriots against the er,emyt
ofeyh i s command
iod nag wc
tuhn ttrhye.
He gave a convincing
of this principle of his action
by the fact that when the battle
battleaocrefereetdromiedwmaosnutnelsue seckilr.y
over in Lombardy, he did not p
vice, but offered his arm_ to the cause of popular liberty
did good service, and was pro-
in Baden, where
After the catastrophe in Baden,
rooted to a colonelcyb.e
having honourably provided for the passage to America
of his comrades who served under him, he went to exile,
A homeless wandererwag
granted likethe honour of a commissionmyself, until, in an evil hour,
he claimed and
in the service of England, which, it would appear,
stands in so little estimation with Austria, that it does
not protect him from being stripped of
his uniform
and carried off to prison when on duty by command on
the territory of England's ally.
So much for the " deserter ;" to which I might add,
that Francis Joseph, in one of his manifestoes, had
pledged a general amnesty for Lombardy and Venice,
and that I should be greatly mistaken if the same pledge
were not reiterated in the treaty of peace between Aus-
tria and Piedmont. But this does not matter, inasmuch
as it would appear from other unfulfilled stipulations,
that England, though one of the mediators in that treaty,
is not very much in the habit of insisting on similar
stipulations, whenever "considerations for Austria" in-
ttrfere with the claims of humanity.
I thought it due to the personal honour of Col. Tur
in particular, and to the principle in general,
to expatiatesertioDi
on these rowarks with regard to the pretended de

nominated to fill that office who had disputed the
legality of the last church rate, and against whom
the churchwardens had not deemed it wise to take
proceedings for its enforcement. Their course was
now clear. They refused to accept the nomination
of these gentlemen. Their votes were tendered as
parishioners ; they rejected the votes,
The pending mandamus has been applied for in
order to test the validity of this summary proceed-
ing. Let the case be fully realised. The position
of the churchwardens is, as we have pretty well
shown, undoubtedly one of difficulty. But that
difficulty is of their own seeking. The law binds
them to take the opinion of the vestry on the re-
pairs which may he necessary, the amount of
money it should cost to pay for them, and the
manner in which the money is to be raised ; and,
having obtained their directions, to carry them out
in the best way they can. So far their course is
easy. It is only when, in addition to these duties,
they mix themselves up with a special party who
are determined not to raise the money except in
one way, that they find themselves in difficulty.
But the case of the parishioner is altogether dif-
ferent. He refuses to pay the rate, as it appears
by the report in this case, because he has good
grounds for believing it to be illegal. As the law
stands he cannot test its legality by any of the
modes open to him in other cases. He cannot
" quash" the rate. He cannot take the initiative
against it in the Ecclesiastical Courts. The only
thing he can do is to refuse to pay, and then to
support his refusal in the manner we have hinted
at. So that the question at issue is simply this—
Can a churchwarden, to whom the law has en-
trusted the sole initiation, and armed with sufficient
powers (if lie is in ;the right) for enforcing his de-
mands, refuse to exerci--e thcse powers, and thus
disable a recusant ratepayer from testing the v,i-
lidity of his acts, and at the same time disfranchise
that ratepayer f)r non-compliance with his de-
mands ? This, we take it, is practically the ques-
tion which the judges will have to decide when the
motion comes on to make the mandamus absolute.
To the settlement of the church-rate controversy
their decision will be of no consequence whatever.
If it be held that non-payment of a presumably bad
church rate (and we suppose a church rate refused
and not proceeded on will hardly be presumed a
good one), if this legally disqualifies the recusant, we
would not give much for the seat of any borough
member who shirks the divisions on Sir W. Clay's
bill next session. The first clause of that measure
—" From and after the passing of this act uo
church rate shall be made or levied in any parish
in England or Wales"—will be the only corollary
to such a decision. If, ou the other hand, the
mandamus is made absolute, the manner in which
vestry contests are now being everywhere con-
ducted places us very much at our ease upon even
the question of time. A dissolution is the only
chance for another year of church rates.
But we heartily thank the churchwardens of St.
Clement Danes for having raised this question.
Lord John Russell once said something about the
church rates in connection with the Monarchy,
which we believe nobody now exactly understands.
But by the course which these gentlemen have
taken they have contrived to present us with a
practical illustration upon how slender a thread
may hang our rights as mere citizens, irrespectively
of denominational distinctions, which no one who
meets with it can fail to apply.