The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1820-02-10 00:00:00

EXTRACTS FROM AN EssAy ON THE STATE OF

SPAIN.
DIY THE VISCOUNT DE CIIVITAUIIIIIANTS.3

The faction which menaces thrones Iris once more com-
menced its operations. If it have not succeeded in its pro-
jects, it is the fault neither of our revolutionists, nor con.
scquently that of the Minister, who relying upon their sup.
port, becomes thereby the protector of all insurrections
against Kings.
Since the month of November last we were apprised, that
the democrats of France, united to the Bonapartist', and
seconded by the English radical", were Preparing a commo-
tion in Spain. They fraudulently imported to that cons-
try impious books sad seditious pamphlets—they sent their
doctrines before then, as a General would, push forward hie

sappers at the head of his army, to level every thing. Mo-
ney and emissaries were expedited by the directing Commit-
Yee; and it was ascertained into what head., and in what
P liters these means of distraction bad come. The disturb-
sore wits to commence shoalt sly at Valencia, Csliz,
sod Madrid, in Catalonia, the Gallicias, and principally in
the ueighboerhood of the Pyrenees. The revolution was,
above all, to open • way to the artists of oar discords, I.
the same manner as Death, in the English poet, traces •
path from hell to earth, to give • passage to the spirits of
the abyss.

The Captaie•Genersl, aware of these eireunistanees, caus-
ed some changes to be made In the garrisons of Catalonia,
Airagoo, Haman?, and Biscay, which deranged the plan of
the conspirators ; for in Spain, as in Frillier, the democrats,
despairing offsetting the people, were driven to corrupt the
soldiery.
The chain of the conspiracy being broken, the insurrection
Seek place among only • very small part of the expeditismary
troops at Cadiz. Far from being surprised at this event,
we ought rather to feel astonishment that the insurrection
has Wee confined to a few corps. Had any tither Eeropran
army been similarly cuicumstaeced, anal the flame of scdi.
Hun bad burst Furth, nothing but the religion, fidelity,
and patieute of Spanish soldiers could lan enabled the
greater put of the troops to resist the blandishments of

foreign sir., _., mud gave a.
arta a man weft siannesire.
• • • a a • •
Thanks to his CAM'sl eubjeels, the taaptionehy of Ferdi-
nand VII. has once more been saved frtfins dealweetion ! As
Spain cannot be disturbed without cansiniegitation in other
parts of Europe, it easy be woeful to cast a glance open the
situation of that country.
There art three parties now known in Spain; that of the
Cortes, that of King Ferdinand, and that of the (loniser
Joseph. The party of the Cortes is composed of those
Spaniards whom an education condacierl on more modem
principle., has placed in unison with foreign opinions. It
exists principally in the commercial miens and in the Uni-
versities. It has also some influence among these officers
who in the King's absence served under the ceders of the
Cortes. This influence has also been favuoreil by another
cense. The Cortes hail during the occupation of Spain,
granted to the officers such simple benefices as had become
vacant, and also established military benefices. On the re-
turn of Ferdinand, a man who ruled an into ;going French-
woman, instead of regulating the affair at the Court of
Rome, sold the benefices. The King having discovered it,
piiitishrd the offender, but the evil was effected, and the be-
nefices had changed hands.
Let us now come to the Ring's party.

wbeu

This party, if it might he so calleti, is simply almost the
entire maims, which sclisiowleilged the authority of the
antes consmauding is the seine of the Monarch during
bis captivity, but who so the Munssch's mistiming the royal
■uthority, submitted to his will, and would au longer obey
the Cortes distinct from the Crown.

The third party is • small body, attached to the fortunes
of Joseph, the brother of Bonaparte.

The men of the two first parties are trite Spaniards, alike
devoted pa their coutiory and faithful to their Sovereign.—
There is no difference between them in principle, except
that one wish fur a new constitution, while the other think
there is 110 necessity fur it. But in progress, the party of
the Cortex, who believed them., Ivan to have a peculiar right
• to the gratitude of the Xing. and who have found themselves
deceived in their systems, have unhappily become rebels.
P. 11.11011, 48 it often happens, has driven out principles. They
inveigh against those who unconditionally submitted to Fer-
dinand, and qualify the Spanish royalist' by the injurious
title of Secedes, a title which they bad before given to the
',annulus of Joseph, who are also known by the contemp-
tuous term of JorepPlinos. This party have taken for them-
selves the description of Liberules, and seeking a dangerous
support, have formed an alliance with our revolutionists.
Yet siothiug can he more different from another than the
French Liteerawx from the Spanish Liberates. The Spanish
Liberates are religiously devoted to the worship of their
fathers. The second chapter of the second title of their
Constitution, provides, w That the religion of the Spanish
nation is and shall he for ever the only true Catholic Apos-
tolic and Roman Religion," and piohibits the exercise of
any other. loi the 47th art, chap iii. tit. 3, they ordain a
mass of the Holy Ghost to be celebrated in the Electoral
Assemblies. They are sincere tiourbonists, champions of a
Government de jftre, who saved legitimacy from usurpa-
tion, defended liberty against tyranny, maintained the Royal
standard throughout Spain, and preserved the throne for
their master.

The Liberars of France, zealots of the Government do
facto, have persecuted the Catholic religion, proscribed
their legitimate King, and delivered up the public liberties
cud the crown of the Bourbons to ao usurping despot.
[M. de Clsateaubriand censures the Josephimos, and shews
the advantages which Spain derived from her former Kings.
tie argues, from the nature of the Constitution proposed by
the Cortes, that the Kiug teas hound, in justice to himself
and his people, to re jest it. lie then proceeds to consider
the financial stale of Spain ]
Of all the pans of the aslasiaietration, the most compli-
cated and the most difficult is that which relates to the
finances. If the solicitude of the King of Spain for the
prueperity of the public fortune be proved, the rest of his
a Iministratiou is justified. In Spain all the divisions of the
provinces and of the kingdom are reduced to two, so far as
the administration is concerned. They distinguish only the
provinces of the Crown of Csstille, and the provitices of the
Crown of Arragon. The form and the collection of the taxes
•ary for these two great portions of the monarchy.

Two other divisions of dimes embrace almost all the
King's revenues. One includes what arc called the general
revenues, cousistiag of the import and export ditties collected
at the frontiers, the duties of the office oflealth, the duties
on salt, tobacco, brandy, lead, powder, paper, wax, stamps,
&c. The other, designated under the name of the provin-
cial revenuer, comprises the duties on the sales of all species
of property, ou the productions of the earth, of the arts, on
satire and foreign merchandise, and on cattle.
TM duties on the coined money of Mexico and Peru,
ou the rents of lands, wool, and some other objects, form
• third class very productive. Some provinces enjoy excep-
tions or commutation■ of taxes. Biscay commutes them
fur a gratuitous gift, the kingdoms of Arragon and Valencia
commute the duty °fa/cabala for a tax called the mares/eat
The domain revenues, the chancery, the 'axe. on the pro-
perty of the clergy, augment still further the finances of the
State. Their united produce in 1807 amounted to the sum
of 194,557,512 francs (8,094,083/. sterling). This revenue
would he absorbed by the public debt, which amounts to the
sum of 1,800,000,000 rests; if one part of the paper known
under the name of ra►ee reales were not above par, the other
part, which is still in circulation among the commercial pact
of the euustry to the amount of 400,000,000,1 s at a discount
of 85 per end.
On the other hand, the net revenue of the colonies,
amounting to thirty-six minium, nu longer comes into the
treasury, or at teat only iu a very small degree. But this
if nut the fault of Ferdinand. He has never ceased to 'slake
the realest efforts fur re.establiahiug public credit. He
adopted fur all the provinces of his kingdom, and fur all
property, an uniform system of finance, which 111. Garay
presented to him. This priiect, however, suet with Inch
obstacle, as it was impossible to overcome, and Ferdimenil,
°Wised to renounce fur the present • fataaral reform, gives
all his attention to the steads-
is a well.kumen fact that industry, particularly in
Catalonia, has isereased considerably by the cane and regu-
lations of the King. To favour spinal-ore, be has imposed
• ditty upon the importation of all kinds of grain. Does •
branch of commerce complain, Ferdinand confetti all the
complaivits, and descends to the most minute details. For
example: the manufacturers of Catalonia *eying rett•ust-
slrnted against the exportation of Ilpanish oak iu plgesy,
wlsttli is used is England, • tax was laid upon this wed a
six piastres (IL te.)'a quintal; the English are tberefolle awe'
compelled to take the mood wrought.
o • 0000 • si"
Whatever may be the policy of Feediaaad VII. (of willek

THE BRITISH PRESS.

LON DON,

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 10, Id2o.

lIIS MAJESTY.

We have great pleasure in publishing the follow-
ing very favourable Bulletin, which was issued
yesterday, respecting the state of his M•JESTY'S
health

" Carlton Palace, February 9, 1820,
Flair-past Eleven o'Clock, a. me.
" The King is almost free from complaint.
(Signed) " H. HA LFORD,
" W. KNIGHTON.
" M. J. TIERNEY."

In the numerous list of Nobility and Gentry
who yesterday made their dutiful inquiries were
the Foreign Amhawadors and Ministers, the Cabi-
net Ministers, the Great Officers of State, the
Judges, Law Officers, the 11-!corder, and other
principal Members of the Corporation of Landon,
including a large portion of female Nobility and
Gentry.

Paris Papers of Sunday last have arrived, and
bring intelligence respecting the insurrection in
Spain, which, if true, possesses the highest interest.
The Constitattinnel and the Independent assert po-
sitively, upon the authority of private letters, that
Cadiz opened its gates to the insurgent troops on
the 20th of January ; that the conquerors were re-
ceived by the citizens in a manner that proved how
highly they enjoyed the triumph; that the cousti.
lotion of the Cortes was proclaimed ; and that an
assembly of the Cortes was to be convened in Cadiz
on the SOili of January. It is further asserted, that
Seville is in the power of the constitutionalists, and
that General FREYRE'S army is dispersed. The
intelligence of the surrender of Cadiz is, we think,
in no respect improbable, but it is remarkable that
the account of an event so important should not
be known to the Nonitettr, the. Gazette de
France, the Jorrotal des Deimos, or the Gavite
de Paris, and appear only in the Constitntionel
and the Independent, which are distinguished by
principles avowedly hostile to the person and po-
licy of the King of SPAIN. This circumstance,
indeed, ought not in itself to throw discredit upon
their statements; but we must remember that these
papers have already sported with public credulity
upon the subject of the Spanish insurrection. The
intelligence of the submission of Seville, and of the
dispersion of FLIEYRE'S army. is. we think, prenn7l-
- It would seem that this General's conduct
has not been pleasing to the Court of Madrid, for
it is said that he will be removed from his present
command, and be succeeded by General EMo,
Captain-General of Valentia.
The Conservateur contains a long article, writ-
ten by the Viscount CHATEILUBRIAND, upon the
affairs of Spain, in which he undertakes a re-
view of the political condition of that monarchy;
of the state of parties; and of the causes that have
led to the present insurrection. Ile states, that iu
the month of November last it was known that the
democrats of France, assisted by the radicals of
England, were fomenting a commotion in Spain.
The Directing Committee dispatched both money,
and emissaries ; and it was arranged that the iusur-
rection was to break out ■t the same moment in
Madrid, Cadiz, and Valeidia, in Catalonia,
Gulli-
cia. and piiiicipally in the neighbourhood of the
Ppriires. This revolution, he says. was to open
a oily to the artists of French slouchy, in the same
manner as Death is represented by 111At.To■ to have
formed a passage lions hell to earth, for the spirits
of the " dark abyss."
M. DE CHATEIVIIIIIAND is a very eloquent
writer, but his imagination is far too lively for
his judgment, and the communication which he
establishes between the poor Radicals of Man.
cheater. and the Constitutionalists at Cadiz, is
about as fanciful as the ideal bridge to which he
alludes, created by the genius of our divine bard
to facilitate the passage of his spirits. The
Viscount should have informed the public where the
Directing Committee held its sittings, and of whom
it 'was composed. but above all, he should have
pointed out how the Radicals of England were en.
"bled to supply money for dethroning FERDI-.
a AA The penny subscription did trot raise money

enough to pay for the use of the weggue 00 ritici
the orators stood at the last Finsbury meet„;;
and the members of the 4' Directing Commit•
tee" were in their bankruptcy reduced to' the
cruel neces►ity of inveighing against each other'.

dishonesty. iu the hope. perhaps, of counteracting hi
mental excitement the paralyzing influence whirl,
despair might exercise over their intellectual power.,.
Their financial difficulties destroyed the Cubine,,
and we believe that at this moment one of ti
great champions of vodka/isms is lying in gsi.t f.,
the price of Mr. HUNT'S diner at the Crown a...
Anchor Tavern, and which hr on doubt very twit.
rally regards as a " national debt." Sn mod, k,
the assistance of the " English Radicals." linkup
pily too for the reality of the Viscount's collator/lei,
the insurrection has been confined to the trnot:s io
the vicinity of Cali 4; Madrid and Vslsiitia ine not
in agitation, Catalonia and Gallicia are at rest, si.d
no part of the King of SPAIN'd dominion. 4piotdis
to be more tranquil than the immediate vitinil of
the Pyrenees, which was to hare been made " the
principal" theatre of disturbance.
The French 5 per Cents. are 73 fr. 15
Bank Actions 1,435 fr.

A cue of considerable importance. which Deco.
pied the Insolvent Court the whole of Tuesday and
part of yesterday, is reported in our preceding co-
lumns this day. It is the first case, since the e,tr.
blisliment of this Court, in which a foreigner ha,
sought to be relieved from debts contracted exc!u.
sively with foreigners, and abroad.

The following is an extract from a letter rere;ved
at our office yebtrrdsy

" PORTSMOUTH. FEBRUARY 8.

111 Captain MoNTaGuk, C 1111 l ni,noler f
the Phaeton, 1.-1 off yesterday r 'titres. Inr
It tx reported the Phoeloa Is to proyerd Ito the
aliteriat,r4ll, to bring the Qe EEN
Tile I.t regiment of (ittardP, fining
duty here, will march on :timidity Ileht
lon ; and after the funeral the Cold-treat,' regi-
ment of Guards will come to Portsmouth, to loom
of the Ist regiment."
Yesterday a Court of Directors was held at die
F.:lst India Douse, when Captain J. It. Serrtirrtv
was sworn into the command the sbip .k.tatb,
Castle, consigned to Clime direct.
We have seen several letters received ye.ter.,
&Ay front Lisbon by the 31.111, but they throw
new light ui the Spanish revolt. The commu-
nication with Cadsz and its vicinity being cut tiff,
the people of Lisbon look to England for ctine,!
information of event* passing within their owe
Peninsula.

The churches in this town were on Sunday hung
with 'deck, as a mournful token of respset fur hi
late NI aJ LsTY. lii these plates of worship s• her
Most Gracious Majesty Queen Csrtouttx" wa.
prayed for, the neglect of which, imbed, indepen-
dently of the respect due to tor NUJ ESTY 's dignity.
would have been a particular breach of state iii
quette, as whilst Princess of WALs3 her name was
mincer omitted in the Liturgy, for thus simple era
am', that no (Waite ass fuuud fair Such a mark mil
direct contumely.—(Bury Paper.)
Letters from Batavia of the letter end of Sep.
tember represent the island of Java. and other
Dutch possessions in the Indian Archipelago, to
he in a general stale of discontent with the ext,t-
ing authorities, and, in smile places, of seriou,
61. mi-returns. The contest wish the &that; of
Ps I,Est Bs No, before mentioned. has assumed a
more threatening aspect. A force, consisting a
1,000 Europeims. had embarked against (hat
place on the 21st of August, but nothing
since been heard of the expedition except the loss
of tine of the transports; the troops were saved. In'
addition to the affair at Palembang, troubles aid
insurrections were reported to have taken 'place at
Sapporo,. formerly the scene of pianist entwine.'
tions: the spirit of revolt had also appeared as Ma-
cassar, in the island of Ceram, and even at Basics.
unawed by the preparations making mid
forming there, in aid of the operations against
Palembang. though the lett, r is much Ices fro.
midable that, the °Owls, aid apperua to l,vs
partaken of the nature of a marauding party, Pi.
racy and plunder, many of the regular chariot,* of
trade haying been cut off, have becume fiosti sweet-
sity, as well iss natural disposition. the isrineipal
resource of the inhabitants of these Some
of the letters from Batavia even state, that Meer.
rectiuns have occurred in that immediate neigh-
bourhood ; a plot huviug been discovered at Tang. -
rang. in which some Chinese were covert-o,d,
right of whom were taken into custody. anti scot
oo board a gnarl-ship, The Dutch tiato;as, in the
midst of this alarming silo:nitro of affairs, wrie
far from being in tl slate of perfect subnrdiriasiori.
One soldier was shot on the 21st of September,
for stabbing his own officer. end three more
were under sentence of death for similar afr ome,
The practice of the Dutch Gov.rsonieut m eitsplu.
ing Malays and Javanese as sailors on hoard theft
vessels, in too great a proportion to the Elam eon.,
had led to some scenes of hotrildentrocoy, the,.
wretches frequently rebelling and mord, ring tl.eir
officers. No less than four small vest, I' of war *Tok-
io a few mouths had bees. lost its that manner. Tires.
events had induced a determinate/Po en the part la
the Dutch Government, not to tru.t any of their
vesseli with a majority of Hatay! and Javaowse oe
board, moil a supply of sailors would cosisequentl
he required from Europe. Great jealowy sprea,6
to br excited throughout the Dutch Ir.-velum, s,
by the new settlement establish's' at Sn.cai u.t
by Sir THoMas RAFFLES : his Mooning lie -
rooleis a free port, was immeiliottly followed by a
similar step on the putt of the Dutch, who stirctroi
Padang, a place on the same coast, to be opened es.
actly on the plan of Bencoolen. Silveri/ore its. Is
was fast increasing in population, receiving mission,
accession of numbers from the surrounding coloui.s.
No restraints were imposed there. and no
levied ; among other places, the settlement of Lin
gen had brew nearly abandoned ea otoase, • and tin .
inhabitants transferred to Siescaporr.