The Sun.
London, England, 1855-12-19 00:00:00

MR. SALT ON THE CURRENCY.

The following letter has been addressed to the
Editor of the Times :
Sir,-1 think your comments on my sayings at
the meeting on the Bank Charter Act give me a
claim for a space in your columns for explanation.
You say that I " tantalise you with a promise of
eafe but inexhaustible riches," and you assume that
a regulated issue of paper money would not give
the honest labourer full employment at remunera-
tion prices. . _

Thereon your imagination indulges in an amus-
ing picture of a Chancellor of the Exchequer hunted
home by packs of countless thousands of Man-
chester spinners, Dorsetshire labourers, Spitalsfield
weavers, distressed needlewomen, (c,7c.
Witty if you will, but pray keep in mind that a
spice of wisdom would not mar your wit, and that
all decent feeling of humanity must for a moment
have slumbered, when you could enumerate so
lightly classes whose very names call up recollec-
tions of suffering, neglect, and social crime too
strong for words.

But to return to your Chancellor hunt. What
are the facts ?

A diminished issue of money has invariably re-
duced employment and multiplied deputations,—
set all
all
of
moneyth packs a cksnaisn full cry
i while an increased
em-
ploy of labour, putinvariablyanendncru
to
eded deputations,
dispersed p:I-1
dispersed the packs, and left the Chancellor sleep-
ingl,wendisttuhrebeGd in his form. During these re-
laxations of the money laws the deadly discords
gc:atvseeurdneni;negvalicttoteNr-te.rnment and the people have
each other's mutuaitoseovraxedi beensrhtneaensdeese.
em t
o voiceless,ha c,
eand forgottenthe
result of an increased
oi
sfsoinuteb
oft thatlega
legal tender.
ewri.l will b©
ttuh e
I But you appear
It will not be locikageo.deouutilt,
see what will become
interest is forfeited and capital--
if it did not exist. Thereore
ybeofc a uwsien
bom while
adiet isso
ms so,
it will
as much so as
money
withoutm a
equally
use of. Now, the in
employing
a mode of employ
labour to that extent and if the i
be maintained, the power that creates wealth of
money
always effect its distribution, ministering
to national wealth and individual haPPluess d
what you call one of my "delicious • ar •
moments" will
be so far perpetuated.
But a fear crosses your mind. " Who," say you
" is to stop the floodgates ?" I ask, who stops
them now ? The law ! Have we not 14 millions
of legal tender paper issued on debt-14 millions
of paper convertible into gold, without an ounce of
gold to satisfy the promise ? You see, sir, that the
system you uphold is not a pure and perfect chry- ;
solite. It is the law and not the gold that limits
this issue, and closes your floodgates.
Then comes the question—Why was this amount
of inconvertible paper fixed at 14 millions ? Be-
cause it was needful for an indebted Government.
But shall there be no honey for the people, and 1
W 01414 it not be mop) creditable tblit the ircesitietill

of the governed should be considered as well as
those of the governing ? Is it the end for which
Government was created that it should take care of
itself, and utterly neglect and damage the interests
of the people ?
You say " there is a force and simplicity in the
words, ' I promise to pay on demand."' Now, I
will grapple with you on that point, and show that,
taking these words in the sense used in the Bank
of England note, they contain more of fraud, folly,
and mystification than any words in human lan-
guage.
The law assumes assigning to the promise to pay
a definite quantity of gold, it fixes the value of the
note. It does no such thing as fix that value.
Abundance and scarcity are the only regulators of
value.

By the issue of paper money, in addition to gold
money, money is made more abundant ; abundant
money creates confidence, investments are multi-
plied, a vast quantity of bills at a date are created,
this increased quantity of money and the increased
rapidity of its circulation lower its value, till the
exportation of gold and the withdrawal of the
paper again lower the prices, and so all trade is
made an alternative of speculation and ruin • honest
industry is sacrificed, and the watchers of the turn
of the market alone thrive, and this is the plain
meaning
gnt of " I promise to pay."
necessity the use of paper
and
From simple
an
money has grown in proportion to the progress of
commercial civilisation, till it bears a dominant
proportion to the use of metallic money, that the
metallic money, though it can disarrange, is power-
less to regulate.
' The fixing the price of gold by Sir Robert Peel's
bill is pure Jack Cadeism. If fixing the price
fixes the value, why not fix the price of every-
, thing ? Why not fix the price of bread at ld. the
quartern loaf ? Simply because fixing the price
does not fix, but merely disguises, the fluctuations
in the value of our legal tender—fluctuations which
arbitrarily disturb and alter all other values.
Hence the frequent ruin that has broken up our
prosperity, disorganised an its elements, and made
our wealth, our insolvency, and our pauperism
alternately the wonder of the world.

Hence it is that the Times, awakened from its
" delicious dream," has to guess and wonder
whether we shall get over the 4th of each month
without the suffering and humiliation of vast in-
solvency ; to watch with sleepless vigilance the
condition of the gold in the Bank coffers, to be
racked by hope and fear if the arrivals from Aus-
tralia be delayed a week ; 'to be agonised by an
east wind. All because we persist in staking our
existence on the possession of gold, and at the same
time in supporting a law that renders it impossible
we should permanently retain it.
I say the law prevents the possibility of our
keeping possession of the gold.
Gold money and paper money will not for any
ength of time circulate together at equal values.
There are two distinct values in the coin—the
legal tender value and the metallic value, and these
do not coincije, but vary inversely to each other.
Thus, supposing a large quantity of metal to be
taken up by the Mint to be coined and issued, the
bullion would become scarcer and rise in value,
while the legal tender would become more abun-
dant, and fall in value.
At Melbourne, when coin bad become very
scarce, an ounce of coined gold actually commanded
an ounce and a third of uncoined gold of equal
fineness.
While the monopoly we have assigned to gold
raises its value as metal, the issue of legal tender
paper, making legal tender more abundant, lowers
the value of the legal tender. The price of the
gold being fixed by the law which binds the Bank
to take all the gold offered at 3/. 17s. 9d., and to
pay it out at 3/. 17s. 10d., this alternation in value
of money is, for a time, only indicated by the rise
in value of all other articles. This rise stimulates
large exports. The importer looks around for his
returns, all commodities have risen. We are under
no engagement to supply iron, lead, tin, or any
other article at a fixed price, except gold. We
thus bribe the foreigner to take our gold instead
of our goods. The gold being gone the Bank is
compelled to reduce her issues of paper. Eight
hundred private and joint-stock banks are instantly
afflicted with the cramp, and seek to lock up the
remaining money by increasing their reserves.
Now, as unreduced debts cannot be paid by re-
duced money, this phasis of our system is equiva-
lent to a general decree of loss or insolvency against
all who by commercial enterprise have been con-
tributing to the welfare of the country.

Just at this moment the watchful times advises
caution, recommends all to limit their transactions,
which means limiting employment, which is
limiting the life of the labourer. It is equivalent
to a procla.Lation through the land, "Now get ye
to the workhouse or to your graves." No other
resource is left to the labourer thrown out of em-
ployment by this fatal system.
Even the press, the tardigrade press generally,
is heginning to inquire into a system which becomes
daily more incompatible with the advances of com-
mercial civilisation.

It is impossible much longer to bind industry and
its complicated divisions of labour down to barter
—nay, what is worse, to a monopoly of bartar for
gold. Free trade will not tolerate this bondage.
The paper system, which the instiects and neces-
sities of the people have continually enlarged, can-
not longer be permitted to rest on the narrow basis
of gold, rendered unstable both by the law and by
the increased rapidity of communication with
foreign States. A foreign loan or speculation, a
short harvest, a telegraphic despatch, anything, in
short, may, by causing a sudden exportation of
gold, derange our whole commercial system. I
scarcely need recall to your mind how
frequent and fatal such panics have been,
how fertile of insolvency, misery and crimes,
and that in the depth of our ruin and the
triumph of our prosperity the amount of our wealth
was exactly the same, but disorganised by the failure
of our monetary
system.
It will be well for the
Times seriously to consider whether it will be be-
coming its rank and character to be the first to err,
the last to learn, in a matter so deeply involving
the interests of civilisation and humanity.
It is a vulgar error, that the value of legal tender
money depends on the obligation of the issuer to
redeem it in gold, or to redeem it at all, or to give
any security whatever.
The value of wheat depends on the fact that it
ministers to the great human necessity of satisfying
and in both cases those
hunger. The value of legal tender depends on its
legal power of ministering to the equal human
necessity of satisfyingdebt,
values will vary exactly in proportion to their abun-
dance and scarcity relatively to the wants of man-
kind. To satisfy debt is the sole function of money
and the sole element of i▪ ts value. Money ought
not to be merchandise which can be melted and
robbed of its vital function as the canceller of debt.
Instead of "the promise to pay," which appears so
simple and definite to the 't Imes, it is payment
which is more simple and definite still. The only
problem to solve is to mai▪
ntain it in such quanti-
ties as shall be in harmony with the just require-
ments of industry.
conditions we seek! The first and
What are the
most sacred right we have to protect is that of the
labourer to full employment. I have shown that
increased money of necessity increases employment
and sustains prices. A sufficient issue of legal ten-
der money will give full employment to labour,
producing the greatest amount of national wealth,
and the money that produces the wealth will al-
ways be able to effect its distribution, securing the
greatest amount of national happiness.
In 1853, with abundance of legal tender money,
labour was fully employed in every branch through-
out the kingdom ; all the classes you have enume-
rated were happy, prosperous, and contented. Every
man was his owu Chancellor of the Exchequer.
The air was everywhere resonant with the music
of gipsey parties of the labouring classes, there was
joy and contentment throughout the land, and the
workhouses were empty. The Bank of England,
under the compulsion of the law, reduced its issues,
and at the present moment the workhouses and
gaols are altogether insufficient to contain the
paupers and criminals ; our wealth and means 0 i
wealth being identically the same, the derange-
ment of our monetary system alone disorganises
every interest.
The Times has fulfilled many a mission of
humanity and justice ; I still hope it will look
more deeply than it has hitherto done into this
all-important question, and that it will enter its
powerful protest against the happiness of the
people being longer made the sport of an obsolete
theory.---I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
J. C. SALT.

COURSE OF EXCH
Amsterdam 11 17%
Ditto, three months .. 11 19,i
Rotterdam ............ 11 1914
Antwerp .. 25 50
11r reels ....•......... 25 50
ilamburgh ............ 13 9
Altona ..•• ............
Paris .• •• • • •• •• •• 25 32%
Ditto, three months .. 25 72%
Maneilles ............. 25 72%
Rourdennx ............
Frankfort-on Maine .... .1197;
Berlin •• •• •• •• •• .• •• ••
Vienna •• •• •• • • re •• •• •• 11 14
Trieste.• •• •••• .• •• .• •• 11 16
Petersburg ............ 34 N
Nradrid .........., 494,i
Cadiz •• • • ..... 49% i
R areelona
...........
50,7111 e.. • ... •••••

CANGE.—YESTRIMAT.
, Gibraltar •• •• • • • • • • • • • •
Leghorn 30 15
Genoa
Milan ...• ....... .....
Ven1ce........••
Naples ...... 44
Palermo •• 133
Messina ... . 133 ii
Lisbon ...... ...... •• ••
Oporto 037 is
Rio Janeiro. .... . --
Buenos Ayres ..
New York.6o days' sight
Philadelphia ..........
PRICES OF RULLICN, pERC)
Foreign Gold in Bars £3 17
Portugal Gold Ccin 00 0
Mexican Dollars .... 0 0 0
New 1)ollars 0 0 0
Silver in bail 0 0 0

A REMARKABLE CIIAMBERMAID.—A notice of a recent
steambo.:t r.
swarm ashore ; 8) uid the cuatnbermaid. She was in•
cured for 15,000 dollars, and loaded witla iron 4n cri•
Gwn Papers

From the London Gazette of Last Night.

FOREIGN OFFICE, DEC. 15.
The Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. Albert
Pillsbury as Consul at Halifax, Nova Scotia, for the United
States of America.

WAR-OFFICE, DEC. 18.

BREVET.

The undermentioned promotions to take place conse-
quent upon the death of the following officers :—General
Sir John Brown, died Nov. 16; Major-General F. Mark-
ham, Nov. 21 ; Lieutenant-General James Lindsay, Dec. b.
Colonel John Cox, half-pay unattached, to be Major-
General ; Lieutenant-Colonel Frederick Paul Haines, half-
pay unattached, to be Colonel ; Major William Clarke,
half-pay unattached, to be Lieutenant-Colonel; Captain
William Radcliffe, 84th Foot, to be Major.

COMMISSIONS SIGNED BY LORD-LIEUTENANTS.
Royal North Lincoln Militia—Walter Stewart Brown,
Gent., to be Lieutenant, vice Mason, appointed Ensign 82d
Foot ; William Longstaffe, junr., Gent., to be Lieutenant,
vice McDakin, appointed Ensign, 42d Foot ; Charles Key-
worth, Gent., to be Lieutenant, vice Deane, resigned;
Messing Thomas Laxton, Gent.,to be Lieutenant, viceßur-
ton, appointed Ensign, 14th Foot ; Robert Henry Owston,
Gent., to be Ensign, vice Brown, promoted.

76th or Inverness-shire, &c., Highland Light Infantry
Militia.—The Hon. Simon Fraser to be Lieut.-Colonel,
vice Thomas Gordon, Esq., deceased.
East Kent Militia.—Lieut. Duncan Inverarity to be
Captain, vice C3orge, deceased ; George Ross Soden,
Gent., to be Ensign.
Ist or Royal East Middlesex Miliaa.—William Vevers,
Gent., to be Ensign, vice Stone, promoted.
9 Ross Caithness, Sutherland, and Cromarty Rifle Mi-
litia.—Alexander Thom, A. .M.R.C.S.L., to be Sur-
geon, vice .James Wiabart, resigned.
Worcestershire Militia.—Boddam Castle, Gent., to be
Lieutenant; Vice Vale, promoted.
_ _

Royal Perthshire Rifle ItazNaghten
Leslie, Gent., to he Ensign.

NAVAL PRIZE MONEY.

INDIVIDUAL'S SHARE OF NAVAL PRIZE MONEY, WHEN
CLAIMABLE UNDER A POWER OF ATTORNEY.
. _

Department of the Accountant-General,
Admiralty, Somerset-house, Dec. 18.
Notice is hereby given, to Navy Agents and all other
persons interested therein, that no share or shares of any
prize money, bounty, salvage, or other moneys payable
and distributable to and amongst the officers and crews of
her Majesty's ships and vessels of war, will be Paid under
any power of attorney, now or hereafter, executed by
any two or more of the officers and crews of any of her
Majesty's ships and vessels of war, unless the persons who
shall have executed the said power are the executors or ad-
ministrators of some deceased person entitled in distribu-
tion.

The above-mentioned regulations, established by the
Lords of the Admiralty for the purpose of preventing an
individual's share of prize or other monevs, as aforesaid,
being paid in distribution under a power of attorney made
by two or more persons, haying been referred to her Ma-
jesty in Council, in accordance with the directions con-
tained in the Act of the 17th of Victoria, cap. 19, sec• 13,
her Majesty was pleased to approve and give her sanction
to the same by her Order in Council, bearing date on the
7th December, 1855.
Agents and others claiming to receive, by ♦irtue of a
power of attorney, the share of prize or other moneys of
any individual entitled in distribution, are hereby in
formed that payment will be refused unless such power of
attorney shall have been executed by that individual
alone, or by the executors or administrators of some de-
ceased person entitled in distribution ; injmnforrcity with
the existing practice, now sanctioned by her Majesty in
Council.

NOTICE TO MARINERS.
East Indies —Light at Singapore.

The Government of India has given notice that, on the
17th of March last, a fixed light was shown on the Govern-
ment Trill Flagstaff at Singapore.
The light is bright ; it is placed at an elevation of 226
feet above the level of the sea, and will be visible in clear
weather at a distance of about six miles.

It stands in lat. 1 deg. 16 min. 15 see. N., long. 103 deg,
51 mein. 15 sea. East of Greenwich, according to the Ad.
miralty Charts.
Raffles Light on Coney Island.

Although no official information bas been received re-
specting it. the mariner is cautioned that there is every
reason to believe that a fixed bright light, named Raffles
Light, is established on Coney Island, near the western
entrance of the main strait of Singapore. The light should
be visible in clear weather a distance of 12 miles, except in
the quarter from N.W. by W. round northerly to E.N.E.
By command of their Lordships.
JOHN WASHINGTON, Hydrographer.
Hydrogranhic Office, Admiralty, London,
21st Nov., 1855.

This notice affects the following Admiralty Charts :
Indian ocean, No. 743 a.: Singapore Strait, Sheet, No.
2,4( 3 ; China Sea, No. 1,270; also Horsbnrgh's E tst India
Directory, Vol. 2, p. 271, (7th Ed.) ; and East India Light-
house List, Nos. 52 and 53.

NOTICE TO MARINERS.
United States of America.

The United States Lighthouse Board has issued the fol-
lowing notices ;
Fog Ball at Fig Island Lighthouse, Savannah River.
A fog bell has been placed in the lighthouse on Fig
Island, in the Savannah River, Georgia, which will be
sounded in foggy weather.
Vessels wishing to know the position of the Fig Island
Light in a fog will sound their bells or steam-whistles,
when they will be answered by the tolling of the Fog Bell.
Buoys for Cape Romain Shoals and Bar at Bull Bay.
A first-class Nun Buoy, painted with white and black
perpendicular stripes, and a black flag on staff, has been
placed in 15 feet water at low tide, in the Slue Channel,
Cape Rom ain Shoals ; Cape Romain Light beating W.N.W.
N. ; north point of Cape Island, N.N.V .by N. This
Buoy must be passed close-to on either side. Courses from
the Buoy out of the Slue Channel S.W. by W. and N.E.
by E.
Also a second class Can Buoy, painted with black and
white perpendicular stripes, in three fathoms water, at
low tide, off the bar at Bull Bay. Bull Bay Light,
W.N.W. ' • south point Racoon Key, N.N.V. W. This
Buoy must be passed closed-to on either side.
Bell Boat off Charleston Bar, South Carolina.

An iron Bell Boat, painted with black and white per-
pendicular stripes, has been placed outside of Charleston
(South Carolina) main ship bar, in five and a quarter
fathoms water at. low tide ; Charleston Main Light in
range, bearing N.W. northerly ; Rattlesnake Shoal light
vessel, N.E. by N. ; Sullivan's Island outer beacon, N. by
W. W. Length of mooring chain, 32 fathoms.
The bell is mounted on a mast, and rung by the action
of the sea. _

....-
Masters of vessels, pilots, and fishermen, are particularly
requested to report at the Custom-house, or Lighthouse
Inspector's Office, should they see anything wrong with
this boat.
[All courses and bearings are magnetic.]
By command of their Lordships,
JOHN WASHINGTON, Hydrographer.
Hydrographer Office, Admiralty, London,
23d Nov., 1855.
These Notices affect the Admiralty Chart :—North
America, East Coast, Sheet); No. 270.
NOTICE TO MARINERS.

MediterraneaTuThe;..--Light at Ceuta—Coast of Africa.
The Spanish Government has given notice that on the
Ist of December next a light will be established on the
summit of the hill named Cerro do los Mosqueros, on Al-
mina Point, at Ceuta, on the North Coast of Africa, at the
eastern entrance of the Strait of Gibraltar.
The light will be a bright first-class, revolving once a
minute. It is placed at an elevation of 476 English feet
above the level of the sea, and will be visible in clear
weather at the distance of 27 miles.
The lighting apparatus is catadioptric of the first order,
of the system of Fresnel. The tower stands in lat. 35° 53'
44" N., long. 5° 17' 12" West of Greenwich.
By command of their Lordships.
JOHN WASHINGTON, Hydrographer.
Hydrographic Office, Admiralty, London,
22d Nov., 1855.

This notice affects the following Admiralty Charts :
Mediterranean, No. 2158 • Gibraltar to Alicante, No.
1186 ; Ceuta, No. 252 ; Gibraltar Strait, No. 142. Also
Mediterranean Lighthouse List (edition 1855), No. 216.
NOTICE TO MARINERS.
Mediterranean Sea.- Harbour Light at Nice.
The Captain of the Port at Nice has given notice that
on the Ist July a new Light, to replace the former Light.
was established at the extremity of the outer mole of the
harbour of Nice, in the Gulf of Genoa.
The light is a fixed bright light, varied by red flashes
every half minute. It is placed at an elevation of 80 Eng-
lish feet above the level of the sea, and will be visible in
clear weather at a distance of about 12 miles.
The lighting apparatus is catadioptric ; and of the fourth
order of the system of Fresnel.
On nights when the entrance to the harbour is rendered
dangerous on account of the heavy swell, the light will be
extinguishhd, in order to signify that vessels cannot at
such times enter the harbour, but must seek shelter at
Villa Franca on the East or Antibes to the West, accord-
ing to the direction of the wind.
By command of their lordships,
J. WASHINGTON, Hydrographer.
Hydrographic-office, Admiralty, Nov. 24.
This notice affects the following Admiralty Charts :
Mediterranean, No. 2153 ; Cape Roux to Monaco, No.
152 ; Villa Franca, Nov. 153 ' • Palamos to Ventimiglia,
No. 1182; Mediterranean Lighthouse List (ed. 1855),
No. 60.*

BANKRUPTCY ANNULLED.
Robert John England and Thomas Augustus Garrard,
druggists, Bristol.

BANKRUPTS.

Samuel Bolcher, hatter, Lower Marsh, Lambeth, to sur-
render Jan. 1, at one, and Jan. 29, at twelve, at the Court
of Bankruptcy. Ea wards, official assignee, Sambrook-
court ; Crafter, Blackfriare-road.

Benjamin Hainsworth, common brewer, Liverpool, Jan.
7 and 21, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court. Mor-
gan, official assignee, Liverpool; Dibb, Atkinson, and
Piper, Leeds ; Frodsham, Liverpool.
Francis Bake Webster, blanket manufacturer, Heck-
mondwike, Yorkshire, Dec. 28 and Feb. 1, at eleven, at
the Leeds District Court. Young, official assignee, Leeds;
Iveson, Heckmondwiko ; Bond and Barwick, Leeds.
Charles Robert Thomp-ion, wine merchant, Old Broad-
street, Jan. 2, at two, and Jan. 29, at one, at the Court of
Bankruptcy. Stansfeld, official assignee ; Lawrence,
Piews, and Boyer, Old Jewry-chambers.
Nicholas Andrews and Thomas Andrews, ironmongers,
Gateshead, Durham, Jan. 4 and 25, at half-past 12, at the
Newcastle-upon-Tyne District Court. Baker, official as-
signee, Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; T. and W. Cbater, New-
castle-upon-Tyne ; Hoylo, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
Thomas H. Taylor, cabinetmaker, Birmingham, Dec. 31,
at half-past ten, and Jan. 21, at half-past twelve, at the
Birmingham District Court. Christie, official assig:,ee,
Birmingham ; Chaplin, Richards, and Stubbin, Birming -
ham.

Joshua James Petty, grocer, Bilston, Staffordshire, Jan.
4 and 25, at the Birmingam Distrietl Court. Bittleston,
official assignee, Birmingham ; Waterhouse, Bilston ;
James, Birmingham.
Robert George Webb, draper, Stafford, Dec. 31 and Jan.
21, at half-past ten, at the Birmingham District Court.
Bittleeton, official assignee, Birmingham; Pinchard and
Shelton, Wolverhampton ;
Hodgson and Allen, Birming-
ham,

Pea.rse Lillicrapp, furrier, Davies-street, Berkeley-
square, Dec. 29, at half-past eleven, and Feb. 6. at
twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Nicholson, official
assignee; Basinghall-street; Davies, Son, and Campbell,
Warwick-street, Regent-street.
William Cooper, builder, Nunhood, Peckham, Deo. 21,
and Feb. 6, at eleven, at the Conrt of BR.nlzruptcy.
‘; ;,;;;, 0, ;
lu:zi:L 'all
Smith, New Broathatreet.
Jeremiah Challenger Wooster, fancy cabinet mannfat-
tWOri Wont Smithfield, DWI W, hapast

eleven, and Feb. 2, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy.
Pennell, official assignee, Basinghall-street ; Yenning,
Naylor, and Robins, Tokenhouse-yard, London.

SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS.

Skinner, Notman, and Co., merchants, Glasgow, Dec.
26, at two, at the Globe Hotel, Glasgow.
David Brown Watson, coach proprietor, Glasgow, Dec.
28, at one, at the Globe Hotel, Glasgow.
DIVIDENDS DECLARED.
James Crouch and Job Crouch, of Wimbledon, Surrey,
builders, first div. of 3id. in the pound, payable at 1, Sam-
brook-court, Basinghall-street, on Wednesday, Dec. 19,
and three following Wednesdays.
R. Goodacre, of Nottingham, grocer, first div. of 2s.
61 in the pound, payable at Middle-pavement, Notting-
ham, on Monday, Dee. 24, and following Monday.
H. Room of Birmingham, metallic bedstead manufac-
turer, first div. of ls. 6cl. in the pound, payable at 7, Wa-
terloo-street, Birmingham, on any Thursday.
P. Greenslade, of Stoke Canon Devonshire, farmer, first
div. of 4id. in the pound, payable at Queen•street, Exeter,
on any Tuesday or Friday.
R. J. S. Robins, of Tavistock, Devonshire, attorney,
first div. of 4s. 6d. in the pound, payable at Queen-street,
Exeter, on any Tuesday or Friday.
A. A tcheson, of S trange ways, Lancashire, wine mer-
chant, first div. of 10d. in th. pound, payable at 45,
George-street, Manchester, on Tuesday, Jan. 8, and any
subsequent Tuesday.
W. Oulton, of Liverpool, chemist, first div. of Bs. in the
pound, payable at 9, South Castle-street, Liverpool, on
any Monday.

J. Stevenson, of Liverpool, provision dealer, first div.
of :3e. 9iti. in the pound, payable at 9, South (..h.stle-street,
Liverpool, on any Monday.
J. Higginson, of Liverpool, merchant, third div. of 2s.
3d. in the pound, payable at 43, South John-street, Liver-
pool, on Wednesday, Dec. 19, and any subsequent Wed-
nesday after Jan. 2.
G. Forster, of Liverpool, stockbroker, second div. of Bd.
in the pound, payable at 53, South John-street, Liver-
pool, on Wednesday, Dec. 19, and any subsequent Wed-
nesday after Jan. 2.
DIVIDENDS TO BE DECLABED.

Thomas Barrett, of Oxford, timber merchant, Jan. 11—
William Henry Fleming, of Camberwell, brewer, Jan. 15
—Thomas Salmon, of Kettering, Northamptonshire, iron-
monger, Jan. B—R. 13, evitt, Coventry, ironmonger, Jan.
12—S. Boyle, Fenton, Staffordshire, china manufacturer,
Jan. 16 —J. Ogle Holmes, Sunderland, and Young L.
Marshall, Roker, Durham, timber merchants, Jan. 11 (and
on the separate estate of J. 0. Holmes)—J. Fish, Helm-
shore, Lancashire, cotton manufacturer, Jan. B—John
Mawer, Louth, Lincolnshire, butcher, Jan. 9--W. Poole,
Kingston-upon-Hull, provision merchant, Jan. 16— Wm.
Summers, Curry Mallett, Somersetshire, land surveyor,
Jan. B—W. Glover, Charlton Mackrall, Somersetshire,
draper ; J. E. Robbins, Langport Eastover, Somersetshire,
victualler, Jan. 7—J. Peters, Exeter, lath-render ; Thos.
Tyler, Exeter, saddler, Jan. 15—A. King, High-road,
Suffolk, baker ; C. Tooley, Great Yarmouth, baker ; Geo.
Foreman, Great Yarmouth, baker; D. Powley, Great
Yarmouth, carter, Jan. 21—H. Varraway, Exeter, painter,
Jan. 15.
CERTIFICATES TO BE GRANTED.

W. Jolley, Charing-cross, poulterer; T. Waller, Peters-
field, Hants, provision merchant, Jan. 10—S. Stringer,
Nottingham-street, St. Marylebone, coach ironmonger ; J.
Starkey, Old-street, St. Luke's builder, Jan. B—Moses
Yearsley, South Bank, St. John's-wood, wine merchant,
Jan. 10—R. Taylor, Watt's-terrace, Old Kent-road, Cam-
berwell, baker ; E. Bolton, Weymouth-street, Portland-
place, soda water manufacturer ; H. Buil and J. James
Harper, Greenwich, upholsterers, Jan. 9.
INSOLVENT PETITIONERS.
Wm. Westley, of Little Abingdon, Berkshire, boot
maker—John Wall, Manchester, hairdresser— James But-
terworth, Manchester, grey warper—Rev. J. H. Fisher,
Kirksby Lonsdale, Westmoreland, clerk Elizabeth Curtis,
Kettlethorpe, widow—W. Booth, Halifax, Yorkshire,
teacher of music—H. E. Brierley, Halifax, York-hire,
beerseller—J. Higgins, Halifax, Yorkshire, tavern keeper
—J. Dobel, Castle Cary, Somersetshire, watch and clock
maker—G. R. Jackson, Birkenhead, Cheshire, book-
keeper—W. Butler, Brebbington, Cheshire, commission
agent.

PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED.
W. F. Rutter and E. F. Winstone, Staffordshire, and
1, Pickard-street, City-road, potters—H. W. Harris and
W. E. Miller, 86, Queen-street, Choapside, City, whole-
sale stationers—E T. Holden and Eliza Holden, Walsall,
Staffordshire, curriers—E. James and C. F. James, Truro,
Cornwall, pawnbrokers—M. A. Richards and R. Richards,
3, Old Barge-house-street, Upper Ground-street, Black-
friars-road, pump manufacturers—R. Hodgson and R.
Hothersall, Oswaldtwisle, Lancashire, painters—E. L.
Blackburne and T. K. Green, 16i, Clement's-inn, archi-
tects—W. Baker and J. Baker, Littlehampton, Sussex,
grocers—C. Cooper and H. R. Phillips, Coventry, ribbon
manufacturers—R. Parkinson, and J. Tomlinson, Lancas-
ter, engineers—L. S. Butterfield, A. Brookes, and M.
Brookes, Norwood, boardng-school mistresses—G. Hand-
ford and J. Cook, Birmingham, lacemen— S. Lewis and J.
Evans, Merthyr Tydfil, Glamorganshire, tailors—J. Mar-
tingale and W. H. Goodwin, Romford, Essex, wheel-
wz J. Blakeley and W. Halliday, jun., Heckmond-
wike, Yorkshire, carpet manufacturers—J. Jones, D.
Thomas, and J. Burgess, Rhondda Vach Valley, Glamor-
ganshire, contractors (so far as regards J. Burgess)—R.
Howell and E. Knapman, Exeter, linen drapers—C. Pear-
son, Brough, Derbyshire, E. Peat, and T. L. Peat, Not-
tingham, cotton doublers —W. Timbrell and W. Merrick,
Bradford. Wiltshire, attorneys—J. T. Gibson and J. B.
Gibson, 35, St. Mary-at-Hall, City, ship brokers.

HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE
WEEK.

( Prom the Report of the Registrar-General.)

The effect of the cold weather recently experienced is
now written very legibly in the mortuary registers. The
deaths registered in London, which in the previous week
were 1,099, rose last week to 1,271, and it may be stated
the rate of mortality represented by this number of deaths
is at least equal to the average for this advanced period
of the year. Since the second week of November, when
the deaths were below 1,000, and the mean temperature
was 41 deg., the returns exhibit an increase of 300 deaths,
and the weekly temperature has declined to 32.7 deg.
There were registered last week 627 males and 644
females. Of these, without distinction of sex, 574 died
under 27 years of age, 182 at 20 years and under 40, 241
were from 40 to 60 years of age, 202 60 years old and
less than 80 ; and instead of 33 octogenarians who died
in the previous week 60 died last week. A woman died
in the Greenwich workhouse at the great age of 101.
Of the 1,271 deaths, 246 are due to diseases of the
zymotic charac'er, and 267 to diseases of the respiratory
organs, exclusive of 143 caused by phthisis and 40 by
hooping-cough. Fatal cases arising from bronchitis do
not exhibit the increase which might be expected from
the increase of the total mortality ; for in each of the
last two weeks the number referred to that complaint is
119 ; nor is the increase great from pneumonia, which
numbered in the same periods 93 and 105. They are
both fatal to nearly the amount that is usual at this sea-
son. Scarlatina grows less fatal, and while it declines
measles show an increase. Both prevail most in the
central districts ; measles in St. Mary-le-Strand and the
City-road ; scarlatina in St. Andrew Eastern and Gos-
well-street sub-districts. A family in Prospect-terrace,
Bromley, lost three children from scarlatina maligns
—they died on three consecutive days.
Last week the births of 781 boys and 791 girls, in all
1,572 children, were registered in London. In the ten
corresponding weeks of the years 1845-54 he average
number was 1,440.
There was a new moon on Sunday (the 9th.) The
highest reading of the barometer was 30.07 in. at the
end of the week ; and the mean was 29'874 in. The mean
temperature of the week was 32.7 deg., which is 7.6 deg.
below the average of the same week in 38 years. The
mean temperature was 11.6 deg. below the average on
Sunday, B'2 deg. below it on Monday, and 10.2 deg., 11
deg., and 13 deg. below it on the three following days.
On Friday it began to rise, and on Saturday it was 4.4
deg. above the average. The mean temperature of Thurs-
day was only 27'2 deg., that of Saturday was 44.2 deg.
The lowest temperature of the week occurred on the
former day, when the thermometer fell to 21.3 deg. The
highest temperature in the week occurred on the laver
day, and was 48 deg. The mean dew point temperature
of the week was 311 dog., and the difference between
that and the mean temperature of the air was only 1 deg.
The mean temperature of the water of the Thames was
37.2 deg. The water was coldest on the day on which the
day was warmest. The wind, which at first was in the
north, blew afterwards from the south-west till the end
of the week, when it turned to the north-west. The air
was quiet. Snow fell on Monday ; some rain and sleet
on Friday.
CAMBERWELL; Peckham.—At 18, Stockwell-street,
Old Kent-road, on the 11th December, the son of a coal
porter, aged 11 years, " inflamed leg, exhaustion, hav-
ing suffered privation before the attack."
GREENWICH ; West.—At Dreadnought Hospital Ship,
on 14th December, a Wear, aged 25 years, " scurvy ;
death from anaemia."

GREENWICH ; Eal.—At the Workhouse, 10th De-
cember, the wife of a wood-cutter, aged 46 years, " itch
(3 weeks) boils and low fever."
In the same sub-district, at the Workhouse, on 14th
December, the widow of a shipwright, aged 101 years,
" old age."