The National Register.
London, England, 1821-01-08 00:00:00

No. I,R9O.—VoL. XIV.]

SKETCH OF THE BRAZILS.

An interesting work on the above subject has just
been published. Our lin.its confine us to the fol-
lowing extracts:—
" The province of Rio Janeiro being situated on
the confines and without the tropic of Capricorn, is,
in genera, in consequence of that situation, less
warm deli the countries which lie nearer the Line.
The whigie province of Rio Janeiro, extending 90
le: omes fa length and 35 in breadth, is mountainous,
with the exception of the doytaeases, usually calk&
Campos.- It is, therefore, naturally divided into
high and leiti lands. • In the latter the heat is as
great as in the other countries between the tropics,
and consequently we find cultivated there not only
nil the colonial productions, us coffee, sugar, cotton,
iryligo, cocoa, rice, ta;:ceo, &c. but success has
attended the planting ot the most valuable trees of
India, as the cinnamon; cloves, pepper, &c. all the
exquisite spiceries and delicious fruits of the east.
The mango, the tea plhnt, the broad-fruit tree,
from the islands in the Pacific; the cantphire. of
Japan, the ginger, the cardamum, and the easawa-
rine of New Hollavel, and, in fine, all the trees and
plants'of warm cliMates thrive excellently here.
" On the mountains, which rise to the height of
3,000 English feet, which are covered to the summit
with impenetrable virgin forests, and the smiling
vallks of which are watered by limpid and delicious
streams, the temperature is as different as the pro-
ductions. The fbrests alxmnd in game, and in every
hind of wood fur ornanuntal works. In the grounds
newly cleared, the fruit trees and plants of Europe,
the peach, the fig, the vine, the. apple, the quince,
and the strawberry, are cultivated wilt surprising
success, In a word, the situation, the climate, and
the productions.—indigenous, or introduced by etal-f
tivation.--render this country the most happy and
the most independent in the universe.
" With regard to climate, there is no winter and
summer. The heat is never excessive, and there is
no sensible cal.—the whole year appears a continual
spring. Not a day passes on which the business of
cultivation may nut he carried on. The reaping
rapidly succeeds the sowing; it is only necessary to
consign the seed to the earth to secure is harvest.

. .
" I Omni(' exiiect to he taxed with exaggeration,
were I to relate the extraordinaty instances of the
vegetation and fertility of the country which are
known to me. I :hall therefore merely mention
common examples, which may he every day verified.
Father Correia, settled in the Serra d'Estrella, and
one Of the principal farmers of thi.4 province, has
sown a measure cf rice, and obtained more than 500
in return. the common return from maize is 120
or 1:30 to one.

" The coirce plant is easily cultivided, mid in
favourable soils begins to hear fruit ut the end of 20
months, This I have seen vu the farm of Dr.
,Lescsne,.futincrly an inhabitant a St. Domingo.—
It is not uncommon to find collo trees, eccr, foot of
which yielas five or six pounds of coffee .% year. 1
have observed gratis front pesclicL form in two ye•.ue
trees front three to four inches iu diameter, loaded
with fruit.

" From the description which I bays given of the
climate of Rio Janeiro, its prtaluetiolis, mid its fel.-
tiiity, a very favourable idea will naturally be formed
Of It; but bcthrc pronouncing an opinion, let its
consider whether there are nut other advantages, and
what ate the ditileultics which may discourage those
iurli»ed to remove to this country,
" If %vs examine every other region.to the south
and the north of the Line, in shall nowhere find
the same natural and political advantages us in Bra-
sil. Chili, on the opposite emist, and in the same
latitude, etinnot be compared to it : though the
vegetation acid the fertility of its soil are nearly
equal to those of the Broad, its natural productions
are not so varied. Nature is let 3 bcautilid there;
thcre are not so many titrests, and the voutztry rather
resembles Europe. It is besides in a state of revm
lotion, and rut advantages ore granted to furvigoers.
" The United States, which now support millions
tiC Europeans, have peopled their territory by cidu-
nists, to whom lands have been sold on eri.dit, The
climate is cold, unhealthy, subject to fttvers, and not
remarkably productive, Tl 4 colenitts were, at the
ceunnencestient of their sett•ements, and *till are,
mut:ported wine hat. aof leagues inland, where

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