The Sun.
London, England, 1855-12-06 00:00:00

Though England was rich 'in natural resqurces, she wag
1
subject to visitations of dire distress, and this was mainly
attributable to a monetary systein vicious in principle
and intquitous in operation. .Look whew thy. e4ig4t,
there were evidences of the extreme difficulty' of selling
• goods and of employing labour. There iwere. re
ve r y WM e re.
symptoms of a fierce, competition.; there was a per-
petdal pinch on` price 'and prate and the foot of the
buyer was on the neck of the seller. The present cue-
rancy laws should be at once repealed, and an attempt
should be made to establish an equilibrium between the
quantity of money and the quantity of goods. He had
a great respect ler the , imes, and he knew of no other
paper which had rendered such essential service to the
people of England; bat he did not approve all its pro-
ceedings, and least of all did he concur in the pr ipriety
of the course which it had taken an the currency ques-
tion. The Times sang'n, hymn of joy last month because
the 4th day of the month— that on which bills 'aretteually
payable—had passed viithout witnessing any large in-
solvency, AS if our monetary system was to be applauded
not because it was operative of good, but because once in
a way it was not productive of positivecalamity. The T:mes
always looked anxiously out for the 'arrivals of gold, and
if the precious meth's were detained it recommended mer-
chants and buyers generally to be very cautious, and to
limit their purehases7-forgetting that to limit pur-
chases meant to limit - life, for the first right of
the labourer was to be allowed to live by his toil. He
(gr, Salt) was for establishing a legal tender money and
regulating the issue ; and the rule should be that money
should be issued till every honest labourer had found
full employment at remumrative prices. (Laughter.)
If money were sufficiently abundant they might take his
word for it .that labour would be fully and completely
employed. He would not have an excess or deluge of
paper, but it should be so regulated as to keep the
quantity of money and the liower Of exchanging it in
strict proportion with the labour to be engaged and the
quantity of goods to be consumed.
Mr. TAYLOR, Of prottingham, suppoeted the rewla-.
tion, saying that there was to be a public !meeting in that
town upon the question, and that a Parliamentary in-
ci uir* Int , the workite of th 4,oavotPllol4Nvs.s_ required.

t
f.
last evening, ti
sonncpfo
h,c)coaht
otruim:
our monetary
bwtrn emo:A6aior
dceter: thetoa,
e. Thyl,
ih)eLsBn
,y4oalc4\tvhde.
deaomtineri
on
Taodwnt:aa, Admvs
tetehtr. isarnienteki meeting
tenni otaf
btrncui
figoenarervwsmseliteadrrs.eyo:Ffihtraetehasnhleineddreßi state Messrs.
4,1
,Aaßrn
Wilson, W. Littlewood, J. Ingram Lockhart, H. In-
gram, Leone Levi, E Capps, of London, Mr. if. Ayres,
Col. Macdonald, Messrs. W. Pare,- of Diiblin; T. C.
Salt, of Birmingham ; Alexander Alison, of :Glasgow :
J. L. Thackeray, of Nottingham ; E. V. Neale, and
others. The room was abotit half full.
The CRAIRMAN said that the object of this meeting
was not to consider the policy of the war. However
glorious, war was, • at all times, attended with horrors
which could not be exaggerated. But • the question for
the traders and merchants of London was, how it
happened that this great war should -be attended
with horrors of such kind, that they sapped, the very
foundation of our national industry ? The question
would come, how was it that out trade, which in January
last was Buffering from a. collapse,* arising,-as was said,
from the uncertainty of affairs in the Crimea, and from
the horrible sufferings of our army there, and which
soon after that period experienced a gradual improve-
ment, during the months of January, February, March,
April, and up to July, until a tide of prosperity; in
every branch of productive industry, set in, such as
had scarcely ever before been experienced in the his-
tory of our great country—how was it, that in July
and August again uncertainty and the fear of ap-
proaching dangers seemed to prevail—how was it
that the orders received from foreign countries suddenly,
in the beginning of S4rtember, were withdrawn, re-
. ducat, or cancelled—how was it that the retail trade of
England began to,feel the effects of that tremor which
then affected the commercial atmOsphere—hew was
it that large. .warehetisernen, with their et ankir ire
hand, began to feel,- by pad experiencs, that the dernend
ennui daily lessening—hew was it that the manufsieturers
thxtonsisaante thiskingdoin a:adds/eV discovtirag.. ttitet reteeel
goods they had been producing for several mouths began
to hang upon hand, and could not be sold except at re-
duced and sometimes ruinous prices-chow was it that
within a perio 1 of seven weeks the hopes of E gland, in
regard to its commerce and tnerchaediae, and its inter-
nal trade mere especially, were made to decline, in the
manner which he had thus described!? (Cheers.) This
was the question for the consideration of the meeting.
They found now that manufacturers were obliged to
give notice to their workpeople of a reduction of wages,
and that the population of the manufacturing towee,
instead of being cheerfully at work, were unable to live,
in these hard times, upon the reduced wages allowed for
the subsistence of themselves and families. Such was
the scene presented by Manchester at this mo-
ment.' The great social 'problem, which it was for
the present meeting to attempt to solve, was the
cause which had produced, out of the most complete
and hopeful prosperity, within three months, a condi-
tion of adversity such as was perfectly appalling.
Lord Palmerston had lately declared that commerce was
the great mine of national resources, by which armies
and navies were furnished for the war. But he could
not mean to say it was necessary that commerce should
sustain such privations as these for the purpose of car-
rying on warfare. If it were so, could the resources of
commerce be depended upon, liable to such great priva-
tions? The nation was oilier wealthy when the great
mass of its labour was profitably employed, and whilst
there was a sufficiency of the means of payment for the
daily work which was done. It was not a rapid rise of
the prices of foreign produce—it was not a busy activity
in Mark-lane, or in Mincing-lane, which indicated the
prosperous condition of the nation. Nor was it
always the state of our money market, fir
there might be a large amount ofd money,
whilst the nation was suffering for want of a proper
application of it ; and when tke channels of industrial
enterprise were stopped, we' might .find Consols rising,
because men had not the opportunity of investing their
capital in productive industry, and so they invested in
the national securities and raised their price above the
natural level. The principle which he would lay down
was,' that an abundance of money, at a moderate price,
was essential to the well-being of society. Every news-
paper, and every authority in the kingdom, declared
unequivocally that the cause of our present depression
was the withdrawal of ascertaha quantity of gold from
the Cellars of the 13ank.of England. All the distress
which we were suffering, and with which we were
threatened, was traced by some parties to the sieiple
fact that an amount of bullion not exceeding four mil-
lions had been withdrawn duriug the la-t four or five
mouths from the Bank of England. Now, how did
this' work ? The amount of notes issued by the Bank
of England, with the provincial, Scotch, and Irish
banits, was about 42 to 44 millions, These notes
depended for their convertibility upon the quantity of
gold in the cellars of the Bank of England. That quan-
tity vas now about 11 millions ; so that four miiliona of
notes rested upon one million of gold ; and upon each
million of notes rested from four to five millions of hills
of eicchange. So that each million of gold in the Bank of
England sustained a circulating currency of from 18 to
20 millions. Thus the withdrawal of one million endan-
gered, or disturbed, the circulation of at least 20 millions ;
and the four millions of gold withdrawn disturbed the
circulation of the large amount of 80 millions of currency,
upon which the welfare of the country depended. But
this, was not all the mischief. The banks in Scott tnd'did
not ;depend entirely upon a golden basis, but they were
compelled, by the act of 1814, to have in their possession
.a certain quantity of gold, beyond the maximum issue
at a particular date returned to the House of Commons.
Thcise Scotch banks, in consequence of having faith in
the credit of a large number of their clients, had issued
notes considerably beyond that limit ; and they were
compelled to hold gold for every note which they issued
beyand that limit. The result was, that at present Ultra
wasi no less than 1,250,0001. value of gold held by the
banks in Scotland, which they did not require, and would
rather be without. They had offered to Government to
tuke, instead of that gold, consols, or other state secu
rities, or anything which was really exchangeable and of
value, and to give back to the Bank of England that
which the Bank of England required, the gold which
they held, and for the want of which our commerce was
starving. Now, the arrival of a million of gold from
Australia was enough to rai-e the price of Consols 1/ or
2 per cent. ; and why, therefore, should not the same
advantage be gained by bringing one million from Scot-
land, where it was much nearer home, and not at all
required, into the coffers of the Bank of England ? Yet
this inflexible law still injured the banks of Scotland,
by obliging them to retain a million and a quarter, for
which they obtained 'no interest, and which was kept
away from England, where it was so much needed.
He then complained that the variations in the rate of
discount, which were caused by the prevent system, ex-
cited a gambling spirit amongst the mercantile commu-
nity. On the Ist Sept. last he said the rate of discount
was 31 per cent., and Consols stood at 91. Within seven
weeks from that time the rate of discount was raised to
7 per cent., and Consols came down to a little above 86.
Now what was the amount of loss which this difference
created in the value of our funded property? The amount
of; our funded property was close upon 800 millions, and
4 per cent, upon that gave us a difference of no less than
32 millions sterling caused within seven weeks. What
was the effect upon our railway property ? Taking 26 of
our largest railways he discovered that on the averne
the difference in the value of their shares during the
seven weeks was nearly 10 per cent. We had almost 300
millions sterling invested in railway works, and if the
loss were to be taken at . only 8 per cente•there was a
diminution in the value of our railway property
within seven weeks to the amount of, twenty-four
millions sterling._ Itiewas estimated, moreover,
that we
hid engaged, in manufacturing and commercial enter-
prise, a capital equal to 600 millions sterling. Now,
everybody who had commodities to sell must know that
the difference between selling iu August last and selling
now the produce of the national industry would be at
least 10 to 12/ per cent., if one were to be compelled
now to go into the market. But, estimating the loss
upon the same basis as that upon the railway shares,
there was an aggregate difference of 48 millions sterling
upon the value of that kind of property. In other words,
he discovered within seven weeks, in our funded pro-
perty, railway property, and commercial property of
various kinds, the terrific reduction ,of one hundred
and four millions sterling, -a sum nearly tea times the
value of ail the gold in the coffers of the Bank of
England ! It might be argued that because all this'
property was not to • be realised now, therefore
the loss was not sustained, and the nation was none
the poorer, because the same dividends were pay-
able on Consols as before. But if Consols at 1001
per cent. wore to be taken as' evidence of the na ion's
prosperity, he was justified in taking their lowest price
as an indication of the ration's adversity ; and those in-
dividuals who were obliged to sell did suffer to the ex-
tent he had described, by the operation of a law over
which they had no control. After a comparison of the
proportions which the amount of the currency bore to
our population at different periods from 1815 to the pre-
sent time, he referred to the immense increase of our
trading transactions, which, he said, had been multiplied
at least fivefold since the year 1819 ; so that according
to the proportion then observed, they now required a
circulation of at least 100 millions sterling. He observed
that the act of 1819, and the act of 1844, equally failed
to attain their object, to secure the convertibility of the
bank note ; that the existing' legislation upon this subject
ought therefore to be amended or swept away ; and that
it was necessary to provide some circulating medium
which should not be liable to such disastrous fluctuations.
Lieut.-Col. MACDONALD then moved the first resolu-
tion:—"That the meeting is of opinion that then xisng
laws for the regulation of our currency have pducti ed,
and are calculated to perpetuate, great and frequent
fluctuations in the amount of the circulating medium,
and thereby to produce periodical panics and pressures on
the money market highly prejudicial to trade and com-
merce, destructive to productive industry, and ruinous
to national prosperity.
Mr. T. C. SALT, of Birmingham, seconded the rerolu-
tion, observing that the laws which regulated the cur-
rency were the most mischievous enactments on the sta-
tute book, and would appear. to have been devised by
men who were alike destitute of sense and of humanity.
The criminality of the Government on this subject was
only to be equalled by the ignorance of the 'ptiOplo;

111r.LocKuAnT expressei his doubts whether the value
of property had really been affected to such an extent as
the chairman described; he attributed such crises to over-
speculation, or to the monopoly of capital, and approved
of the Limited Liability Act, although it would have
been'better not to halie required that the shares should
be each of the amount of 10/., because that requirement
would exclude Vie labouring man. Ile had prepared an
amendment, declaring that" the large efflux of gold re-
cently was clearly traceable to the wants of the armies
and navies engaged in war, and that the only effectual
remedy was to stop the war ; but seeing that the feeling
of the meeting was against nal, he would not•propose
that amendment. •

The resolution was then carried.
Mr. J. DUNCAN, who said this meeting was to be im-
mediately followed by the holding of a congress to dis-
cuss the whole question, and that the expose of the
meeting would be entirely defrayed by Mr. H. Ingram,
having addressed the meeting for some time, moved the
second resolution :—" That no system of currency can be
satisfactory that doie not restore gold to its natural cha-
racter as a c ,mtnodity, so that it may find its value
under the natural laws of supply and demand."
Mr. E CAPPS seconded the motion, and congratulaied
the meeting on the fact'that She Times was prepared to
go with them, at least to a certain point, for in its City
Article of October 26 he found this pas-iage :—" At that
period (meaning 1844) the paper circulation of the coon
-ry was nearly the same as at present, and consisted
partly in notes of the Bank of England, and partly in
those of joint-stick and private banks. Suppo4ing this
circulation to be required solely for internal commerce,
► o nec. ssity could exist for gold being held for any por-
tion of it. (Hear.) A deposit fur Government Stock, or
the fact of it- being receivable Br duties, would at ail
times keep it from fluctuating in value. (Hear, hear )
Whatever might be thought of the soundness of the
general views respecting a deposit of Government Stock
a question which he had his doubts on, hut• which
would admit of c-msideration —he could, at all
events, say that ho cordially concurred in the pro-
priety of making it receivable for duties as suggested
by the Times. Ho could not, ho,vever, agree with that
great organ of public opinion in thinking that the sys-
tem established in 1814 had by any means accomplished
the doctrine of Sir R. Peel, that the currency should at
all times, and under all circumstances, maintain the
same intrinsic value ; on the contrary, be believed that
the Bank Charter Act had completely failed is that ob-
Jerlt. But if the present monetary system were changed
and another substituted founded on the present resolu-
tion' how, it- might be asked, would we manage with
our foreign trade I It was said that foreigners would
not take our notes. He hoped that they would not—
(" Htar," and laughter)—for then we should remain in
quiet possession of our own instruments of exchange.
(Hear.) The balances should; of course, be paid iu gold,
but at the market price of gold, and not at a fixed mint
price. (Hear.)
Mr. E. VANSITTART NEALE moved the last resoliation,
as follows :--" That such national paper money may be
issued under conditions calculated to remove the objec-
tions usually urged against paper money, and that it be
referred to a congress to discuss the system of currency
which might conveniently be adopted."
This resolution having been seconded and agreed to,
the proceedings ended.

Naval and Military Intelligence.

-----
The transport Durham, No. 179, has arrived at Wool-
wiCh Arsenal, with condemned stores from the East, last
from Portsmouth and Malta.

A second iron tnortar.boat was towed up to Woolwich
dockyard yesterday morning by the steamer Monkey,
from Messrs. Scott Russell's yard, at Northfleet, and is
to be immediately rigged and fitted out fur an experi-
mental trial. She is similar in all her appointments and
build to the first of this species of mortar-boats received
at ‘voolwich last week, with the slight exception of her
mortar framewoik being of wood, instead of iron, which
is subject to spring from its position under the shock oc-
casioned by the discharge. The first of these boats will
be ready in a day or two, to commence her round of ex-
periments. Her piece of ordnance was hoisted on board
yesterday morning.
The new floating battery just commenced in No. 7 EPP
at Chatham dockyard is the .c'Etna (so named after the
one destroyed at B!ack wall). She is pierced for 23 guns,
but will carry only 14 large ones, which will be shifted
from side to aide as required. Her dimensions are as
follow :—Length, 180 feet ; height, 18 feet ; breadth, 40
feet ; with flat bottom, and drawing six or seven feet of
water. There are 150 hands employed on the Etna,
which will be launched in March.
The new steam-sloop Pearl crossed topsallyards yes-
terday, and is expected to be ready fur commission in

three-weeks.
The Sandfly and Plover gun-boats have coaled, and are
to go down to Sheerness, to make room for others which f<
are ready to be taken into basin and pass under the hands
of the rieg-r.s.
Two 63-pounder field-pieces, 19} feet cast in Woolwich t
Arsenal, on the Lancaster principle, wore yesterday
morning fired at the proof butt, and turned out satis-
factorily. A material improvement has been added to
these guns—namely, a greater weight of metal from the
trunnions to the muzzle, that being the point at which some
of the old Lancaster guns showed their defect and b irst.
The remedy is now considered effectual in these guns.
They will therefore be rifled, and go through some sub-
sequent trials.
The Commandant of Chatham Garrison has received
from her Majesty the photographic likenesses of Thomas
Walker, 95th Regiment, and Robert Evans, 13th Light
Dragoons, which he presented yesterday, by the Queen's
command, to those two young men, now in Fort Pitt.
The former had 13 pieces of his skull bone taken away;
the latter lost his right leg under distressing circum.
stances.

APPOINTMENTS.
The following appeared in our late edition last
night :

COMXIANDERS.
J. P. Luce, to the Wanderer.
F. A. Maxse, to the Ariel, vice Luce.
MASTERS.
John M. llockley, to the Arachne.
David Moore, to the Wanderer.

SURGEONS.
Charles D. Steel, to the Conqueror.
Frederick Haney, to the Conway.
William, Wood, to the Russell.
John Forbes (D), to the Arachne.
ASSISTANT-SURGEONS.
John C. Robertson, to the Belleisle.
Raymond R. Carroll, to the Salamander.
COAST GUARD.
Capt. Charles Rion, C.B , to be Comptroller• Genera.
of Coast Guard, vice Henderson, deceased.

STABBING BT A LUNATIC.---A. well-looking young
woman rushed en Sunday morning from No. 7, line
Mouth°len, crying out, " Arrest him I arrest him !
He has stabbed me !" At the same moment a mean-
looking man was seen running with all his speed to-
wards the Faubourg Poissonniere. A police-agent suc-
ceeded in barring his passage, and he was taken into
custody. The man, on finding himself a prisoner,
said to the officer, " Let me go, I am the son of the
Almighty !" And at the game moment, drawing forth
a long poniard, he struck himself several times
it in the breast, though not with any great force. The
weapon was at last wrested from him, and ho was taken
to the post of the Rue Cadet. As to the woman, she
expited almost immedmtely after, from a dreadful wound
which the man had irriiicted on her in the left breast:
She seemed to be about 25 years of age, and was
Oressinaker by occup.a.tion. The murderer, who 's_
LA arried man, admits his. crime. He is a journeyman
eyTr
jeweller, living at La Villette, and asserts that
anger,
I
stabbed the young woman in a violent burst
because she would not c( intinue to receive his visits as
formerly. At times ho speaks incoherecie,t!y„,roblulyt the
belief that he has assu med au appearance
the purpose of extenuating his act. 'The_
.reason of her
bilk be declai es
having broken off .her connection with
himself completely ign want of.

. -
NEWSFARER
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C_lc _t (~- ,7- •-•,--,-, ••• r 7 - DEMI Dec. 3.—From the text of the 'Zing's spa/
~
•.... . . . . at the op nipg.of- the Chambers last Thursday, you wr
!' ' ' - ' - \--'" - 'have per ived that its first and foremost ,ulijeet wog fi
...--:' 'mr :.•: ~ .:: ! -, the high rice-of nrotrisions produced by the insufficitn 1.
- 1
harvest d the disturbance of the usual course of traffic i
' ' by the wr. And this is, in fact, the subject of the
ws,skswissieswiwieessee- geeatest interest here; where the higher aspirations of a - 7
European mission for the preservation of general peace 1
'ED D•,'s do not fiiid any echo in the hearts of either ruler or pee-
' • ple. N only was it the. foremost subject of the Sin 's
speech, i was also the subject of the first motion 'brought
she was forward n the House of Deputies at their first sitting f
a mainly on Frid ,ah-F-fficrafter Ow opening, and which was etia-
inciple racterise 'ns one of "great urgency." :, Ithekl,enour of _
-night the mot on was t.) call upon the Government to take /
'linginto Ea nest. coosideration the distress occasioned
see• . '..'
, by the igh prices to the inferior Civil servants. of
acrd
fi4l
htoheweCvreoe7nwithdrawnd means for fonrs,uitrsanerte,lietfhat
Glto;wechy:yi :...4
!tient• had already come to rssolutiims on the tub-
ject,
and would publish them without delay, The courts
of justice have already bestowed an extra allowance on
their offisiais, derived from a variety of smal economies
made duiring the war with rsference to. the Possibility. of
such an rmergeney. The rail eay companies the same ;
every corporation finds some means of assisting their
suboidiriates in the present scarcity, but ne exertions,
either pliblic or private, suffice to relie.e the want that is
just now felt here by every one of fixed income, and still
more by those of no income at all. The claims of the
latter upon tbe charity of the former bring all into the
one category of" persons in want." The distress ieaogreat
in Germany that in many places the inhabitants have .
been driven to be public-spirited, enterprising, and .
prac',ical. The state of things, you may he sure,
that baS produced this revolution Must indeed be
urgent. Some of the results already attained are
worth being male known. A Hanoverian manu-
facturer, for instance, of the name of Egestorff, has
in the neighbourhood of Hanover, at a place called
Linden, erected an eating-house for the poor, which
supplies food for 2,100 persons daily at the cost price.
Part of thern-fetsh or send for their dinuers and eat them
at home, part avail ,themselves of the well-lighted and
heated dining rooms. The establishment employs 34
pair of hands.in a kitchen fitted up with six cauldrons
heated by steam: The present apparatus is equal to
delivering 3,000 portions a dey, and we'. 0-- ' elp of
two more Aram cauldrons could supply 4,000. ily the
employment of 34 persons, instead of perhaps 500
women, who would waste each of them at least balf-a-day
in cooking for those 2,000 persons at least 216 whore
work days are saved. The firing of .the one establish-
merits costs 44. a day, that of the 508fkmil es wculd cost
at least 604: ; the actual outlajeteetite meat n.tal vege-
tables is at least 20 per cent. Ices, than the aggregate of
the individual households!, .and-the produce of the broken
meats and offal is a clear profit over the economy of the
many separate cookings. A. portion or serving contain-
ing one quart of strong soup, with vegetables in it, and
a piece of meat from 2i ozs to 3 oz., costs 11.1., and
this price leaves a sum plus tosards the wear and tear of
utensils. The arrangements have been fouiltrio-bene-
ticial for the poorer classes, that in Hamburg already
t vo similar establishments have been formed and are in
full activity, the police force being necessary to control
.the ardour of the customer's ; in Bavaria, where the
Government has required the local authorities through-
out the land to erect 'similar ones, it bas already taken
place in many towns. Li Berlin, the seat of intellec-
t sal civilisation, they have already got so far as to pro-
pose the plan for imitation.
The preparation of bread is also a subject that just
now, in these hard times, occupies the public atten-
tion ;' seeing that, though the prices remain the same,
the (size of the loaves becomes "small by degrees
and abomicably less." It is pointed oat that in the
grinding of corn at least 12 to 20 per cent. eof. the
shole quantity of grain to be ground is turned
out as bran, tf three different degrees of fineness,
while; according to Liebig, wheat contains only two per
cent. of indigestible ligneous matter ; that this bran is
applied only as fodder for animals, e idle it contains 60
to 70, per cent. of the nutritious elements of wheaten
flour. The separation of the bran from the if .ur by the
process of bolting is one that thus necessarily reduces
the stock of flour by one-fifth or one-fourth, without ma-
terially improving the nutritious qualities of the bread.
Certain it is that the Weetpbalian bread, made of un- •
bolted rye flour, and other bread male in imitation of it,
such as the bread served out to the soldiers here, al-
though no re cheaply produced, is purchased readily
by ati connoisseurs in Berlin at higher prices than
the !good-locking white bread, on account of
its nutritive and other wholesome qualities. Another
cause of the unnecessarily high plies of bread
isindicated as arising from the primitive man-
ner in which the baker's trade is still - carried
on by small masters, with two or three assistants- at
most, instead of applying machinery and the more recent
dizcoveries in chemistry towards diminishing the cost of
production. In Anisteidam a joint stock company has
just 'been formed with a capital of 250,0001, for the
production of unadulterated and cheap rye bread for the
million. In Stuttgardt a manufactory of tread Was
opened on the sth of November, which turns out 500 lb. •
of bread every 45 minutes, and in the 24 hours (fur the
demand for their article compels them to woik day and
night) 16,000 lb. Six journeymen bakers ere constantly
at work, while three are at rest, and one has a holyday;
10 in all. The flour is kneaded in a long trough by means
of a main spindle running along it, which is kept-revel?.
ing by manual or other force ; the warm water necessary
for the process is obtained by pas, ing the water pipe that
conveys it along the chimneys of the three ovens, Which
are constantly baking. The dough is kneaded very long
'in shorter time and better than the human hand can
turn it out ; the machine nut only does its work cleanly,
but keeps i!self clean that is to say, it does not require-
any human labour to clear it of dough clinging to it.
The'bread produced at the manufactory is not only sold
a kreutzer below the price fixed by the police, but is
also; so sightly and well tasted, that customers fight for
it every time an oven is drawn, or the little van that
carries it out is sent cif from ihe door. The present *mom. t
of daily production, 16,0001 b., is the MaX:11111ill that the
preseet establishment can turn out ; it is proposed, how-
ever, to extend it to a capacity of 30,0001 b. daily, while
at the same time to similar bakeries are proposed for
erection on a still larger scale. Orders for the tread- .
are ,sent in from towns even at a considerable distance,
so clearly has the superiority of this manufactured bread
been acknowledged: one order from Ravensburg was for
12,0001 b. of bread to be sent daily by railway. A some-
vs hit similar attempt to produce bread in large quantities
has; been made here with success by the Preei,lent of
Po ice, who supplies the whole polio ) force with bread
belt r and cheaperthan they can have it from the baker;
this, bread is produced at an establishment founded by
hire a little way from the town, with a view to the occu-
pation of criminals in the open air, and thus reforming
them. By a species of poetical p iliee justice they are
thus; compelled to raise the corn and bake the bread of
heir vigilant persecutors, now become their benefactors.

IRELAND.

DUBLIN, WEDNESDAY EVENING.
ARAIAGIT BOROUGH ELECTION.
The polling commenced at 8 o'clock this morning, and
nt 11 o'clock the numbers stood as follows :—Bond, 140;
Miller, 131. Fern this hour Mr. Bond's maj,.rity
slowlywa s increased
in
a minority untilo f be 2
6,
andf or 1 e
no
tlno'clock,ore than when
5011 r .
more
1 votes
Miller
to be p died. At 3 o'clock the poll stood thus :—Bond,
81 ; Miller, 140 ; majority, 32. The contest is there-
ore virtually over.
THE BIBLE BURNING CASE.
The Commission of Oyer arid Terminer was opened
this morning at the Sessions-house, Green-street, before
Mr. Justice Crampton and Baron Greene.
At the close of a luminous charge by Mr. Justice
Crampton, bills were sent up, and at 3 o'clock the Rev.
Mr. Pecherine was ordered to attend in court for the pur-
pose of being arraigned. He shortly after made his ap-
pearance, but a case of assault being in course oftrial
nothing could be done until it bad been brought
to a
close. After a few minutes the rev• gentleman, together,
7ith the boy Hamilton, appeared at‘ t,hetruailvtey sera' bar,
tied, on being arraigned, pleaded Not G
tMr. Corballis then appliedotno
the
evep
part
te
ot
fr italh'efitxreda v
afro:.
comorrow morning.
acted
Sir C. O'Loghlen obj,
rs ; and it was at length agreed that the trial should
site place on Friday morniog, at 10 o'clock.

,
1 WEDNESDAY MORNING.
I ENCUMBERED ESTATES' COURT.
`The estates of Mr. Michael Joseph Browne, of Mayne.
4uate in the counties of Galway and Roscommon, and
lued at about 3,5001. a year, were sold yesterday in 29
etnl,. The gross sum realised for the whole amounted to
2000/. The bidding for each lot was most spirited,
d the rates of purchase, in several instances,
ely high. were (m-

TIIE BURNOPFIELD MURDER.

GeTrefeEep, Tueslay Night.—The adjourned inquest
in the bedv of Mr. Robert Stirling was resumed to-day
'y
the coroner for North Durham. Two men belong-
'pig to the village of Wint-rton, Richard Rayne, a black-
hnitli, and William Gladder, a cabinetmaker, are in
custody on suspicion.
Mr. Thomas Stobbart, a farmer and cattle dealer):
Cumberland, deposed that on the day before them urdeo.
he had been to Newcastle fair, and on Timrsd; pre._
Iceei'el to Bureopfield on a visit to his sistaer.ernn_onlottf
Iler house about 20 minutes past 1 in thienel: °
where the
the same day, and had got into Sinail.es- t
iZlemoeftithin
murder was committed, when, on t.u.r,,nuign.gto
road, he observed two dirty, silt::
They were looking
the hedge with their backs. to b
2. lie was much alarmed,
in the direction he
absi mg:' A
i 7 hen
as he had 2001. uponw towards him.
passed on. On getting further
Idid not speak, an,
got out of the hedge,
lend came down • -
along the lane he ,net a young gentleman proceeding in
his walkin •stiek in Walling
ra-
pidly, pidly, and swineme.
of
~ _ g
Good
, in the air. .
It the direction tak!rt, by the men. He w
urdered man,
Sc,ittish accent ; and
answor to his salutation teood.day,e
a strong he replied with
there is no doubt that
heard the report of a gun in the
Mr. Stirling. Mr.
dtiilreection from which he hal jot proceeded, and accord.
Stobbes"r°tnsl:ratml3ttla'eftitinir
ing to the measure of time and distance the young per-
son that he had met must have got opposite to where
Mr. Stirling was shot. Mr. Stobbart gave a pretty Ac-
curate description of the chess of the two suspieious per-
sons that he met, and to some exteht, 'it csTresponde pith
the clothes worn by the prisoners ; buith, does not ew:tioair.
to either of them. The inquest was turther adjiurir,4, 1,„
a fortnight, and the county magistrates are exceettill_giJe
acive in directirig the police to make the reee.tite!'
illquisie4 into this horrible and mysterious case,