The Sun.
London, England, 1855-08-08 00:00:00

was his freedom and independence. Any persons they
met with acquainted with these things, no matter to
what country they belonged, could not deny that if the
Austrian and French troops were withdrawn the autho-
rity of the Pope would be denied, and the people would
establish some sort of government more consistent with
justice, and admitting some degree of feeling oppo-ite
to odif,u.i ,st,-

_ ~jeans adopted by Esclesie„ al Go-
vernments. • If that be the case, what prospect was
there, under the present system, that either the E-n-
-peror of Austria or the Emperor of France would con-
sider himself able to withdraw his troops ,from that
place. But, if they should continue there, it was not
only as he had said logically a contradiction to the theory
that the Pope' in order to be free and exercise due au-
thority over his Roman Catholic subjects, should have
an independent territory, but they were likely to cause
a disturbance in the balance of power in Europe ; and,
consequently, they could not carry on war against “us-
sia, because she occupied her neighbour's territory,
whilst they permitted foreign troops in Rome. thereby
disturbing the balance of power in Europe. This, he
thought, was a subject which the British Government
ought to exert their power to prevent. Was it not, he
asked, possible for the English Govcraroent, in concert
with the French Government and with Austria, to
devise some system of government for those Roman
States consonant to the interests of the people, and have
in it the elements of justice. Had the war terminated
h i believed it would have been one of the first sub-
jects to which the King of Sardinia would have
directed the attention of our ally—to ask the
assistance of" Austria in the task of devising some
valuable system of government for the Roman. States,
that would enable the Emperor of France and the Em-
peror of Austria to withdraw their foreign forces, and
that foreign power which now prevailed there. Unhap-
pily they had no immediate prospects of peace, and
therefore it was he called the attention of the Govern-
m Int to this subject ; and he was aware it would not be
a r unwilling attention, feeling certain that if his friend
at the head of the Government could perceive any mode-
by which he could influence the Government for the
benefit of the people of Italy, and that would place
them more in accordance with the general interests of
Europe and their own happinesS he would readily em-
brace it. .He (Lord J. Russell) could not see any ereat
difficulty that ought to prevent the accomplishment of
what he had alluded to, but of course he did not enter
into the question of the original occupation of Rome by
France, nor the title of Austria to the dominions he has
occupied. It might be said this was an old subjeet—
hat this beautiful and unhappy land had been subject to
oppression every kind, and had never enjoyed that
freedom which people of so much genius, of so much in-
dustry, and of such- capacity' for the free enjoyment of
physical and intellectual pursuits poSsessed ; but be saw
• no reason why, because this was an old grievance it
should not be remedied, and he hoped they might all
live to see the end of this pertieulai-erte. They had seen
in past years Spain, who lied net been .30ra-eased by
• foreign powers, make vigorous efforts -to improve her
government, which • she was still making. and he hoped
to God so successfully that they might see Spain in the
enjoyment of a representative government, which was at.
present no doubt crushed in Italy by foreign influence.
He trusted the voice of 'England " well-1d be raised
for the improvement of"the present System of •Italian
government; at the same time checking; and'controlling
that wild spirit of liberty and enthusiasm which Mezzini
and his followers loved to inculca,e. After some farther'
general remarks his lordship 'said he did net consider he
should have discharged' his duty had he ',allowed the
session to close without commending this subject to the
notice of the Gotrernment. •
Mr. WILTUNSON said' that, no doUbt, the ernpethiesi
of the people of this country were with the Italianseend
Poles, and Hungarians, but the present was not the fitting
time to call upon the Government for active interference.
He himself regretted the occupation of Rome, but he could
not help thinking that the present position of the Emperor
Napoleon might have some connexion withthet occupation.
He rose, however, principally to refer to what hid' taken
place on a former occasion, lie had ou Friday last listeeed
almost with dismay to the speech of the right hon. gentle-
man the member for the University of (Wort, for he bad
never heard sentiments so astounding uttered by "ran Eng-
lishman: (Hear.) That right hon. gentlemen had risen
in his place, and had drawn dishistroes pictures of the re-
sources of this country, and or. F&nce and Sardinia—
(hear)t-and then-proceeded to eulogise, and at the carne
time give an aseggerated accountnf, the resources of Rus,
sia ; and he trusted that there was no other man in that
house who would adopt a similar course. With 'respect to•
the terms proposed by Austria, and which her -Majesty's
Government were blamed by the right hon.' gentleman•
(Hr. Gladstone) for not accepting, he o.tr. Wilkinsout had
`always
understood the opinion of the noble lord to be that
those terms ought to have been .accepted ; ballot) noble
lord now appeared no longer to entertain that opinion.
(No.) When the hon. member for Wick (Mr. Laing) said
the whole question turned 'upon limitation or countereeise,
one thing had struck him forcibly with respect to these
terms.; and that was, that the proposal for limitation was
a tangible plan, while that for establishing a counterpoise
seemed to,be no plan at all. If Russia was to he alloWed
to have anyenumber of ships, this country, on the Other
hand, was to have as many as she pleased; bat it appeaied
to him that to establish erich a state of things recidired
no plan and no agreement of any sort. The noble lord
said that a Point which had
.considerable weight with hire
was thht the Turkish ambassador, a man whose opinions
• commended great influence, believed the Austrian
plan likely to be satisfahtery to Turkey, and thee he
understood the noble lord to add that' if such were the
case the whole object of the war woute be acceeeplislied,
anti we should no longer have any right to carry it on.
(Lord J. Russell.—"-No,•no.") He ntelerateod the noble
lord to say, or at all events to argue, that if Turkey were
satisfied with the terms of peace proposed we could not
call on her to assist us further without, subsidising her.
Now, he (Mr. Wilkinson) bad always thought the protec-
tion of Turkey was but a means to an etvf, and that the
main object in view was to check Russia in her scheme of
aseerandisement. (Hear, hear.) •He agreed that it would
be improper to carry on this war for one moment after the
objects in view were attained, but he could not think
those :objects were yet attained.. Entertaining this be-
lief, he could not help regretting that the house was about
to separate without a distinct expression of opinion on the
Subject of the continuance of this war, for every vote they
had yeti come to on this question had been mixed up with-
some other matter. It aiipeareil to him that the only short
• and speedy mole of obtaining peace was be the Most-vi-
gorous prosecution of the 'war. Ile warded that which the
right hon. gentleman (Mr. Gladstone) said it was ;Laid.
to desire, namely, snecsst. France and England' must right.
this ont, and succeed they most, or else fail altos-et:hr.
He (Mr. Wilkinson)lwas one of those who considered that
if a firm.tope.had been adoptedat the first the war might
have been avoi•itel altogether. .Now, however that we
were einberkechin the war, there was no middle .ceurse,
and be cont.' riot understand how any man could dheibt the:
necessity of conducting itenost vigorously., -Tee object of
• the war, as he understood it, was to show to, the world
that the peace of Europe could not be disturbed unneee.s-,
sarily, or if it were disturbed, that the consequences .would
fall upon the head of the aggressor: Until this was
shown, he believed that the country would never be .setise
. fled. He had attempted to move an asucminiont in the
course of the debate on Friday night, in order 'to give the
house an opportunity of recording that distinct expres-
• sion or opinion on this subject, which he felt was ne-
cessery, but, unfortunetely, he had been unable to seitch
the Speaker's eye. Ile was precleiled, now from elicit-
ing
that expression of opinion; owing to the late period
of the session, bat it was his own conviction that there
was no -satisfactory mode of terminating this contest .ex-
cept by inch a prosecution of the war as hrenld shqw that
the peaceeif Europe was not to be disturbed with imputity,
- Lord lisilhiSELL.—The hon. gsntleman has miseu-
tiers-heel me in two very important particulars; First, he
seems to have understood me to say that the proposals
snarls by Austria at Vienna might be Assented to now,
whieh Istlid not say, and did not mean.. .1 said that
' tleotteht those preposels might leave been assented to At
that Time, but I do not think they Could he assented to at
-the present moment, -and. ladtlel that an opprtainity. for,
negotiation would perhaps arise in the clime' of the six
months during "telriSh fire -recess Might last. • Again,' the.
hon. member attributed 'to me the expression that we
could not continnettlres war if the Turkish Government
were of opinion that -sufficient., term's' of peafo had heen
.proposed. I did net state that, but Very leech 4.-4) eon-
trarte. What I (lid say was; that if we were+ to continue
the war when Turkey was satisfied with the terms Of pe tce,
it would be necessary not to guarantee loans' bat to grantsubaidie, subsidiees, in order to enable her to snake those efforts re-
quisite to carry on the war.
Lord PALMERSTQN.—I do not rise to complain that
my noble friend has called the attention- of the houses to'
matters of the deepest national importance, and in reg
to which he himself when: in office took a loading an 1 a
prominent part. It is• natural-that these great questions
should occupy his miud 'now, when he was then for a
• time called' upon to &Vete' his httention to teem, and it is
not ht all Unilateral that as tee close of tare session, when
the probability is thilt.,PFthameet may not meet again
for some months to come, he should aysil , himself,
Of this t onlyti
onpoemity, no
to state his own views
:-b-at to call upon the ,Government, ns far as they
_can
.
• cousisteutly with.. their duty,' to • tat 9 'what may, be
their. views on the matters to which he has referred,
sly
-noble seem/ begets aye/inking hf the 'ana' mint of respon-
, sibilityWhich'aveighs upon her :.`lajesty'se Government. I
e ',clue assure hinvthat the Government are deePlysensibleof
the gravity and the importance of that resPereiltitity. _Yr)
mw a ehttld. haif3 'beeir A petty to entering into the great
• oe6stest,in which we are• eugaged—na,..man at least oases
-tAilia-ve been a, party .to such a coarse of.policy--withOnt
t'vlift'etleeply weigheib tho gravity, at • the straggle inter
a eulad.r. aboi4 Plue'ge the country, and without
haying, Vit.-rated his tei ad that the Cerise ',w,as -nstr that
'motives We're ituticient and that-the- sacrifices Wuieli -ire •
'the country trimake WerasuCh nstatsh
ifrurrnigitt conehler it 'ought to cifiadate. Sir, there lan •
• indeed, he. eeseve reesoinewhich cOukt induce e man 11.'0
, had been a party with her Majesty's Government to tit i.c
lima of Iwlicy. -whO 11U.1ae+risto-I incOmlneting the war, who
had, after fullemo„..
W.-4M unexampled deliberation,
agreed to entei,upenAlLeer, who, . I
eying Concurred after
that full end '9'452 ge;ibatetita thecomM ft eneemento
the war, had . also le a
%•Pgoll3,qo, the, country.' foe
'great sacrifices-int-rt.- Or to continue it, .
and Nebel:o,4o.lo
a very recent Period. essentedte ail the measures proposed
for its continuaricht--I say there Must irdeed bb dravb ran- •
sons which could induce a man who
had nee; co far
party tothe measures of the Government utterly toch'ri
el
.hisopinion, to .declare this war unnecessary, unjust,
impolitic, to eat before thocouutry all the imagiesey
asters
-with which his fancy could. supply bins, and to msh.,-
nirY and exaggerate the force of the enemy and the ditti.-
culties of our own position. (Cheers.) Sir, lam not such
r a man as that. (Hear, hear.) 'My right hon. friends my col-
leagues in the Government are not men of that stamp, and
therefore in' answer to my noble friend; to whomnotlitne ,
that I have jest said in the slightest degree applies, I have se
state that her Majeety's Government, fullyeconscieus of ti;e
great importance of thie contest, frilly conscious of the im-
„menseexertions which may be necessary to bring it to
successful termination, aro prepared to take upoathemselbest
the responsibility whichbelongs totheir position, and will
not be ,afraid, when Parliament meets again, to render
an account of the manner in which that responsibility hes
been discharged. (Hear:) We. are conscious also of the
generous support which
,this -bonito and the ,country have
given to its throughout the exertions which hie leave felt it
our duty to make. Whatever may be the opinions of some:
few members within thes9 walls--1 do not believe cret
gay whatever may be the opinions of seine feet persons out'
of the house—because I do not thick the opinions we have
. heard here have any echo at all out of doore—(cheerS)---I

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