The Sun.
London, England, 1855-08-23 00:00:00

SITUATION OF KARS.

(From the Moniteur.)
On the 15th of July the Ra,s ans male a grand de
rsoustratimi against Kars : their obj et, was t 'cover acid
bring safely ioto camp an enormous convoy of woo.
sions which had been sent to them from Alexandrop.d.
From that day to the 214 of July all was qui t. but the
enemy was drawing clo-er round the place For effeei
ing this operation be has at his dispo al 32 batta!ions of
infantry, 1 battalion of ckiasseurs, 1 of engineers, 3 regl•
ments of dr goons, 2 regiments of Cossack regular-,
some Bashi-B,zinks of the Chirvan district, and some
Armenian militia, besi 'es 80 piece.tiof cannon ; the whole
commanded by 10 generals.
This army may be computed to be from 35,000
40,000 strong. It is divided round Kars, having
radius of about three leagues. It forms four corps. i•
independent of the divisions occupying Sohanli Dagh,
and is throwing up fortifications at Unkiar Douzi.
The Turkish forc,ls are divided into t vo corps, untie,
the chief coomand of the tVlushir Vassif Pacha. Till
first corps, that of Kars, consists of four divisions, viz :
that of General Nmerty (fin ol Pa-'ha), 4.500 strong ;
secondly, that of Ismail Bev, 3 000 strong ; thir lly, a
division of 4,000 men ; fourthly, another of 3 500 men,
The second army corps, c onaniided by Mehemet Pacha,
Governor-General of Erzer ,urn, consists of three divi-
sions ; that of Erzeroum, which has 1,500 m-n, who ar,
irregulars. and are c itninAnded by Takir Pacha ; that
of Kupru-Kmi, 10,000 strong, but alto irregulars, an
commanded by Veli Paella ; of Alti, 3,000
strong, who likewise aro irregulars, and are commanded
by Ali Pacha.

HAMPSTEAD JUNCTION RAILWAY. There was ni,
quorum, and consequently no meeting.
THE RAILWAY OVER THE SIMPLON. —The plans f
the passage of the Simplon fir the rail way to Turin and
Milan, by the valley of the Rho ie, are now ter
minated. The superintending engineers consider that n,
difficulties exist that have not been previously overlme
on other lines. The lino of tunnel, which is consid rei!
preferable, would be about 21 m les long ; its elevation
above the level of the sea is about 4,200 feet. the nisei
mum for the inclines from 3 to 4 feet in the 100, but 1,
is hoped that a reduction to 2} feet in the 100 may b-.
obtained All the difficult points on the steep declivi-
ties of the mountain are passed by means of either open
or covered galleries, which will net coat more than 120 f.
the metre. An engineer, whose name is already con
nected with some great railway works, offers to com-
plete the tunnel in a surprisingly short time. The rail-
road of the valley of the Rhone, formed by the Southern
Swiss Company, would thus form the central junctiot
between the Italian, Swiss, Wester:, German, Belgian,
and French Railways. It is proposed to have steamers
on the Lake of Geneva, on the principle tif those used in
the United States, to convey carriages ready loaded to
and from the termini on the shoree of the lake.
STATE OF THE MANUFACTURING DISTRICTS.—The
" expectations" of trade are betti r this week, if that con-
dition can he called better in which here are more orders
without profit. We have, ho vever, every probability of
a bountiful harvest, that sheet-anchor of all our hopes
and with that secured, there ca'm be little doubt about its
effects upon oar commercial relations. There i R certainly
a "better feeling" prevai,ing, and as machinery is fully
employed, and wages are high, there is evtry reason to
believe that the depressed condition of some branolies of
the British manufactures is passed, and that better times
are on the eve. Toe weaving districts remain just as
they were a few weeks ago—in some places not at al/
improTati—ia tithe n s little sc---Leei3 irted*NCT.