The Sun.
London, England, 1855-10-16 00:00:00

THE DESTINATION OF THE ALLIED

FLEETS.

VIENNA, OCT. 9.—lntelligence has been received
here that the secret expedition of the allied fleets
is destined for the Liman of the Dnieper, a bay or
estuary of which but little is kuown. The entrance
is guarded by the towns of Otschakow on the north-
ern side andKinburu on the south, andit isnot much
more than a mile wide. The former is known in
history, for it was here that the Turkish garri-
son defended themselves in the campaign of 1788
with great bravery and success against the Rus-
sians, an I it was only after a siege of several months
that Potemkin, the eccentric favourite of Cathe-
rine, was enabled to take it. There are, it is
true, Russian charts of the Liman of the Dnieper,
but much reliance cannot be placed on their correct-
ness, partly from the annual alterations in the tide-
way formed by the fitful discharge of its waters, and
partly from the surveys not having been confided to
very accurate and conscientious persons. It is, how-
ever, expected that this is a difficulty which the
science and intelligence of the naval officers of the
allies will soon find means to overcome, and if the
shallowness of the water precludes the entrance of
the line-of-battle ships, it must, on the other hand,
prevent the coming out of the Russian larger ves-
sels, while there is nothing to hinder the gun-boats
and other small craft of the allies from entering, and
making a s•veep of the coast, as they did in the Sea
of Azuff. At the extreme eastern end of the gulf
and on the north bank of the Dnieper is situated
Cherson, the principal town and seat of government
of the province, celebrated for the famous vaunt of
the Eel press Catherine, who wrote on the gate of the
city "Road to Constantinople." This province, which
was torn from Turkey and incorporatAl with Russia
ten years later than the Crimea (1792), is a much
more extensive territory than Tauris.
Nicolaieff appears at present to be the especial ob-
ject of the Emperor's paternal affection, and the
most gigantic efforts are being made to render it a
second Sebastopol, as it is now the principal naval
establishment in the south. Five-and-twenty years
ago it had never been heard of out of Russia, and
owes its sudden rise to the genius and energy of Ad
miral Lizareff. It is situated at the confluence of
the Bug and the Ingul, and surrounded by a barren
and flat steppe. There is no bridge here across the
rivers, and the communication betwt en the twoshores
is kept up by means of flat-bottomed boats orferries.
The population at present amounts to 38,067 persons
inhabiting 4,998 houses. The town contains six
Russo-Greek churches, besides a Cattiol ic and a Lu-
theran one, and two synagogues (one fur the Jews
and the other for the Karaites). Amongst the more
important and striking buildings are the Admiralty
and several magnificent barracks of three stories
each, capable of accommodating 23,000 men.
:Within the last few years an immense quantity of
guns and ammunition had been accumulated am
Nicolaieff, but a great part of them were sent to
Sebastopol, and are now lost to the Russians. On
the banks of the Ingul an esplanade has been
planted, which leads to an oasis in the desert called
Sulioi Foutan, a picturesque spot, three miles from
Nicolaieff, where there is the public gar len of
Spassk, and a spring of pure water, which is con-
ducted by an aqueduct into the town, and sunplies
the inhabitants exclusively, as there are no wells,
and the water of the rivers is turbid and unwhole-
some. The distance of Nicolaieff from Odessa is
121 wersts ; from Simpheropol, 340 ; and from
Sebastopol, 401.
Immediately on the arrival of the Emperor at
Nicolaieff, the principal officer of the engineers at
Odessa, Captain Volokoff, was sent for by a tele-
graphic message, and orders were given him for the
immediate construction of five large redoubts,
capable of mounting 400 pieces of artillery. At th,
same time the building of five hundred gun-boats
was commenced in the dockyards, under the per-
sonal inspection of the Grand Duke Admiral Con-
stantine, who has brought with him from Cron-
stadt a large body of working shipwrights and me-
chanics. These gun-boats are to be each armed with
two and four guns of heavy calibre, which ha,ve
already arrived from the great cannon foundry at
Kiew. T'.e guns for the armament of the two new
fm fates, Vitjas and Tiger, have also arrived from
Kiew.
The Grand Duke Constantine left Nicolaieff on
the 27th ult. for Sebastopol--or as near as he can
approach to it, and will return with Prince God-
, schakorf, when the great council of war will be held,
in which the future military operations will be
definitively settled. As far as is known here, the
prince wishes to evacuate his present position on the
north side of Sebastopol as perfectly untenable
during the winter, and proposes to take up a strong
defensive position between Bakshi-Serai and Eu-
patoria.
Whilst the Emperor was inspecting the naval
hospital at Nicolaieff, containing the few remains
of those sailors that formerly manned his Black Sea
fleet, Lieutenant Dorschinsky, of the 45th naval
equipage, was presented to him. This officer was
severely injured at Sebastopol by the explosion of
the Bastion No. 2. On observing that the first
attempt to fire the mine proved a failure, he seized
the bu: Ding fuse from the serjeant who held it,
and deliberately thrust it into an open powder
barrel, which immediately had the desired effect,
but the ,gallant fellow was severely burnt in the face
and arms by the explosion, which also set his uni-
form on fire. The Emperor expressed his thanks
for this proof of his devotion, and to reward him
for his noble conduct took off his own decoration
of the Order of St. George, and handed it himself
to the lieutenant. .

c. .in.

HOPS IN IRELAND.—The experiment of growing hops
in Ireland has been successfully tried this season by Mr.
J. Stafford, of Ballyteague, in Westmeath.
SAXE COBURG GOTHA.—It has been already stated
that the Duke of Saxe Coburg Gotha recently declared
in the Get itiaoic Diet that he3would oppose the demand
of the nobles of his duchy for the restoration of their
ancient privileges, abolished in 1848. In cimsequencE,
21 villages of the duchy have just voted an address to
his Royal Highness, expressing their gratitude for this
liberal policy, and it was presented to him a few days
ago, after his return from Paris, by a special deputation.
THE COST OF THE WAIL—To tbose who doubt the
ability of the country to carry on the war at a cost of
80,000,0001. or 90,000,00 C/. a-year, as long as shall be
necessary, we would observe that if England could bear
taxation to the extent of 72,000,0001. in 1815 it would
not be too much to say that we could with equal ease
bear taxation now to the extent of 100,000,0001., whenn
we bear in mind the increased population, wealth,
d
trade of the country. In 1815 the income asstevese,
clnt
putingo
it
throperuyton tax
the same was 170,000
basis, 00t
cannot ~ a-yearb
nole:s than
250,000,0001. 250,000,000/. Again, with regard to the extent to which
it is possible to abstract from the capital of thee country
we have had experience in the construction of railways
during the last 10 years. When, therefore, we speak of
our ability to conduct the warit is obvious that, whether
we look to doing so by means of taxation or by loans, it
is ample.—Economist.
•

RECEPTION OF THE NEWS IN AMERd.
(Prom the New York Commercial Advertiser.)

THE FALL
tp o of
th
S E.BleiSdraOy. Theintelligence
P 0 L —ncourse,
took
he
tthe
engrossing
city by surprise. Its effectin' the street, on board the
various ferry-boats, and iudeed, everywhere, was imme-
diately perceptible. Even tho,e who have professed to
isiof
anticipate such news by every European steamer were
betrayed into the admission that they feared it was "too
good news to be true." The tele,raph despatch which
the Commercial early placed before its readers was
perused with eagerness, and then doubt giving way to
certainty the report rapidly spread, and men waited
anxiously for farther details, which it was hoped would
be brought by the Washington. The accounts spread
before our readers today, though they can scarcely be
said to enter into detaiis, yet supply information of the
deepest interest, and show substantially how the work
was accomplished. The citadel which has been so
bravely defended was, we must admit, bravely won.
Circumstances seem to have given to the French the
more glorious participation in the final struggle, and in
the capture of the Malakhoff the valour, perseverance,
and chivalry of the French troops have been made as
conspicuous as in the palmiest days of their world-re-
nowned glory. The English forces, though less name-
rous,land on this occasion less favourably circumstanced,
have added to their renown.

(Front the New York Herald.)
The news of the fail of Sebastopol took this city by
surprise on Thursday, and spread with the greatest ra-
pidity—and especially among the French and English
residents of New York, who were greatly excited and
rejoiced. At one place, in the vicinity of Wall-street,
where the news was read out to a promiscuous crowd of
merchants, including some English and French business
men, three hearty cheers were given for the fall of Sebas-
topol. On 'Change the great event formed the principal
theme of conversation, and many mutual congratulations
were exchanged. In the evening the usual resorts of our
French citizens, including Delmonico's and several other
restaurants, were crowded, and the greatest hilarity dis-
played, enhanced by the free use of champagne and other
wines, which was kept up until a late hour of the
night. _ _

BOSTON. Sept. 29.—Upon the arrival of the Royal
Mail steam-ship America, at her wharf here, a salute of
twenty-Seven guns was fired by the American artillery,
at the request of the English and Irish residents of the
city, in honour of the victory at Sebastopol.

( Prom the New York Daily Times. )
The partial capture of Sebastopol gives pause suffi-
cient to post the books. At the opening of the contest,
that of Russia was the most powerful and influential
government in Europe. Its navy, constructed on the
must stupendous and improved scale, crowded the Bal-
tic and manoeuvred within the horizon of Constantinople.
Its armies amounted to a million of well disciplined and
provided troops. The art of fortification was reputed
to have achieved itsutmost in defending every approach-
able point on the coast. No treasury was more plethoric;
no credit so dear to capitalists. Its external commerce
of export and import was enormous ; the progress of in-
ternal development rapid and magnificent. Ties of blood
and gratitude were supposed to have ueited Prussia and
Austria indissolubly to the Imperial interests, whatever
field they might select for exercises ; and as advanced
posts for the accrntplishrneut of traditional designs upon
the Ottoman Empire, Moldavia, Wallachia, and the
navigation of the Danube were substantially in its pos-
session. Money, diplomacy, position, arms, political
sagacity, and unscrupulous ambition could not have
dime more to strengthen the empire for any conflict, and
especially tor the greatest it could anticipate—that villich
was sooner or later to decide the destiny of its sick
neighbour at the South—when the initiative in the
existing war was undertaken by the Czar.
Three years have not gone by, and ambition has its
Lesson. The navy is annihilated ;of those vessels that.
flaunted the Muscovite flag within sight of the Turk-
ish capital on the day when the Allies entered the
Black Sea not one remains. The victors of Sinope have
suffered a poorer fate than the vanquished. The men-if-
war which patrolled the Baltic have been driven into the
rivers or sunk at the gates of harbours. Marine traffic
has ceased to exist ; what little trade is left is conducted
at great cost overland. The blockade temporarily aban-
doned by the Baltic and White Sea squadrons will be
still more vigorously maintained by Admiral Frost. The
army has been defeated at every encounter, until all its
prestige is lost. And Sebastopol, the master-key of the
Euxine, the custodian of that best theft from the Muesul-
man, the Crimea—and the Crimea itself, which Pi incekle
Ligne, at the period of its occupation by his imperial
mistress, described as a " Tartar Paradise," will, in all
probability, remain at the end of the campaign in the
hands of the invaders!, With the cessation of external
trade domestic industry must be suspended. ' If. Eng..
land suffers industria•ly with the loss of the Russian
Jiarket, what most Russia suffer, who loses the market
f a wort 1 ? Its great enterprises are suspended. Its
currency is debased by the substitution of paper fa-
Both at home and abroad the credit of the

imperial exchequer is seriously impaired, if not by
recent events destroyed. Added to these evils is the
pccupation of the Principalities, and of the shores of the
Danube by the Austrian, who will belie all his antecz.--
dents if he fail to employ this hour of extremity in tres-
ion to his best helper ; and the picture of change is com-
plete. No contrast can be more striking than that be-
tween the Russian monarchy of 1852 in prosperity with
iti crown on the brow of .the astute Nicholas, and that
nonarcby to-day, in calamity, with its fate in the un-
practised hand of a comparative stripling.