The Sun.
London, England, 1855-09-05 00:00:00

ROYAL OPERA, DRURY-LANE.
Lessee, Mr. E. T. Smith.

any great exploits by the British Navy. That
they will repel any attack is certain. But some-
thing of a more active description has been looked
for by those who place confidence in our "wooden
walls," and are accustomed to indulge in the fond
delusion that Britannia really " rules the waves."

A Cabinet Council was held yesterday afternoon, at
the Foreign-office, Downing-street,. It was attended by
Viscount Palmerston, the Lord Chancellor, Earl Gran-
ville, the Duke of Argyll, Sir George Grey, the Earl of
Clarendon, Sir William Molesworth, Lord Panwure,
Sir Charles Wood, the Right Hon. Vernon S,oith, and
the Earl of Harrowby. The council sat three hours.
Despatches were sent from the C lonial-office yester-
day to the Governors of the Australian colonies.
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Gloucester will
remain at the Ranger's Lodge, Richmond Park, until
the Ist proximo, when the Royal Duchess returns to
Gloucester House for a short period, after which her
Royal Highness will repair to Brighton for a residence
of three weeks or a month.

THIS EVENING,
Will be performed L 4 SON*NTIMPLMA. characters by Messrs.
Elliot Galer, H. Braham, and I. HaWord; and Miss Lacy Escott.
To be followed by THE SLAVE.
Prices of admission:--To the two galleries. 6d.; second circle of
boxes and pit, Is.; dress circle, 2s. 6d. ; stalls, 45.; private boxes to
admit two persons, 10s. 6d.; four persons, ono guinea. Box-oftice
open from 10 to 6 daily.

We shall then look forward anxiously for news
from the Crimea, and for the indications at home
which may enable us to form tolerably correct
guesses as to the nature of the coming intelli-
gence. To permit the operations above alluded to,
to be properly carried out, ample reinforcements
should be despatched from France and England.
The exertions made by the Russian Government
to meet the exigencies of the war should be ri-
valled by those of the Allied Powers. No means
should be spared to conquer the peace that is so
desirable, if it can be obtained on honourable
terms, and with a reasonable prospect of perma-
nency.

THEATRE ROYAL ELAYMARKET.
Under the manruoment of Mr. RDCILIUM
THIS EVENDIG,
Will be performed THE MAN OF MANY FRIENDS.
After which, LE GEGARRERA DE SEVILLE. Pera Nena.
Followed by COURT FAVOUR.
After which, THE SP4 NTSFI DANCERS.
To be followed by OLYMPUS DI A MUDDLE ; er, Wrong
People in Wrong Places.

Her Royal Highness the Hereditary Grand Duchess
of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, accompanied by her youthful
family, will close her ♦isit to the Duchess of Cambridge
in a few days, and take her departure for Germany.
The Duke and Duchess of Hamilton have left Hamil-
ton Palace, Lanarkshire, for Brodick Castle, Arran,
where the noble duke and duchess will entertain a suc-
cession of distinguished visitors during the shooting

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET.
Under the Management of Mr. Cgs as EZU.
THIS EVENING,
Will he performed HOW STOUT YOU'RE GETTING.
After which, KING HENRY THE EIGHTH. Queen Katha-
rine, Mrs, C. Kean ; Cardinal Wolsey, Mr. C. Kean.

season.

The Duke and Duchess of Bedford, who have been
on visits to th• Duke and Duchess of Leinster, at Car-
ton House, Maynooth, and the Earl of Carlisle, in Dub-
lin, arrived at Woburn Abbey, Beds, yesterday, from
Holyhead. Next month the noble nuke and duchess
commence to see company at Woburn Abbey, and will
receive a constant succession of guests until after Christ-

THEATRE ROYAL /DELPHI;
Proprietor. Mr. R. Webster.—Direetreas, Miami Ce 14414

THIS EVENING,
Will be performed VICTORINE.
After which, HOW'S YOUR UNCLE ?
To conclude with NORMA.

If the clergy, and we include the ministers of
every creed, had their own way we should have a
prettily governed country of it. Accustomed to
pronounce on subjects of the highest moment,
and, in most cases, to meet with unqualified as-
sent, the delusion of individual infallibility too
often steals over them, and leads them to pronounce
with equal confidence on matters in which the
laity are better judges than themselves. And it
• is remarkable, when they do so, how ready they
are to look to the secular power for the enforce-
ment of their views—views which, generally
speaking, lag far behind the spirit of the age.
This, for obvious reasons, has been peculiarly
observable in the clergy of the Establishment, and
as a case in point, we would call attention to the
deliverance of a Committee of Convocation on the
question of Church Rates. Now, this impost is
generally deemed impolitic, as everybody knows
has no sanction in Scripture, and, as many be-
lieve, is opposed to its spirit. This much is cer-
tain, that it has disturbed the peace of a thousand
parishes, and occasioned an infinite amount of ill-
will, while its actual enforcement has hauled
many an honest man to prison, confiscated a vast
amount of hard-earned property, brought misery
to many a well-ordered home, cooled the zeal of
many a Churchman, and sown an inveterate
hatred among others to the establishment whose
interest the impost was designed to serve. It is
hardly possible that the clergy, as a body, could
be ignorant of all this.
Let us see how they are affected by the know-
ledge, and what the recommendation of a Com-
mittee, which may fairly be taken to represent
Convocation, is on this matter—one, let it be re-
membered, that does not merely affect church-
people only, but the entire community. Graciously
limiting the scope of church-rates to the mainte-
nance of the fabric and the church-yard in decent
orderand substantial repair, the committee, having
" bowels of mercy" of course for all men—with
apostolic simplicity and charity, pronounce that—
" In order to enforce the payment of rates so
limited, it is expedient to adopt the course of pro-
ceeding recommended in the Report of the Royal
Commission appointed in 1830." Enforce ! of
course by kindly persuasion and the authority of
apostolic devotion and self-sacrifice. Not exactly.
The churchwarden was to make his estimate, and
ask for his rate, and if the vestry refused it he
was to appeal to Quarter Sessions, who migh

1319.8.

The Duchess of Buccleuch has arrived at Montague
House, Whitehall, from Carlsbad, in, we are happy to
learn, greatly improved health. The Earl of Dalkeith,
M.P., came to London from Scotland to meet the
duchess on her arrival from the continent. The duchess,
accompanied by the earl, leaves in a few days for Dal-
keith Palace, near Edinburgh.
The police books show that 741,374 foreigners visited
Paris during the Queen's stay.
Mdlle. Rachel and her troupe have arrived in New
York.
The Grand Opera, it is said, contemplates the revival
of Rosini's Moja, in honour of the illustrious composer,
now in Paris.
M. Billetta's new opera, the rehearsals of which were
for some time interrupted, have been resumed at the
Grand Opera, where it stands for the first novelty.
Among other marks of consideration of which Mine.
Ristori ham been the object in Paris, she had the honour
to receive a special invitation for the late ball given to
her Majesty Queen Victoria at the Hotel de Ville.
Mme. Plessy is suffering from indisposition, happily
slight, but yet sufficiently severe to retard her appear-
ance at the Frangais for some little time.
M. Thalberg, says an Italian paper, is at present at
Rio Janeiro ; where by the last advices he was about to
give a series of six concerts.
The Piedmontese Gazette states that the soldiers of
the Anglo-Swiss legion have sent 300 f. to the authorities
of the canton of Valais, for the relief of the sufferers by
the earthquakes.
REMINISCENCES OF HANGO.—Many of the shot and
shell thrown into the fortress of Sweaborg were marked
" Hango" by the sailors, who were bent on revenging
that unlawful massacre.
The cholera is so violent at Cataneo, in Sicily, that
there is a regular panic. Every one is escaping into the
open country or woods, and trade is completely stagnant.
The Midland Counties' Illustrated News, a newspaper
started in Birmingham a few weeks ago, price 2d., ceased
to exist on Saturday last.
THE VACANT PROVOSTSHIP OF QUEEN'S COLLEGE,
OXFORD.—It is rumoured that the Rev. W. Thomson,
M.A., Rector of All Saints, St. Marylebone, is likely to
succeed the late Rev. Dl. Fox, in the Headship of
Queen's College, Oxford.
SUDDEN DEATH OF A CLERGYMAN.—Yesterday morn-
ing (Tues lay) intelligence reached Oxford of the awfully
sudden death of the Rev. George Riggs, M.A., and late
Fellow of Queen's College, who expired at the rectory,
Charlton-on-Otmoor, near Oxford, on the previous day.
It is stated that a guard of honour from the Royal
Perthshire Rifles is to be despatched to Balmoral, on the
occasion of her Majesty's visit to her Highland resi-
dence, and to be stationed there during her stay.
THE CONVICT HA.CKETT.—lnformation was received
on Monday, in the City, of the execution of this notori-
ous convict, for stabbing the turnkey at the gaol in New
York, where he was undergoing a long term of imprison-
ment for burglary.
GRAVESEND REGATTA.—Some thousands of persons
assembled yesterday at Gravesend, to witness the annual
contest there for a handsome new coat, and other prizes,
given by the nobility and gentry, inhabitants of Graves-
end, Milton, and its vicinity. The coat was won by
Thomas Marshall.
THE RAJAH OF SARAWAK.—A large quantity of arms
has very recently been forwarded to Sir James Brooke,
K.C.8., Rajah of Sarawak. It may be inferred, there-
fore, that something of importance will soon be heard
from that quarter.
The Hon. Adolphus Chichester died a few days since,
the early age of thirty. He was the brother of Lord
Templernore, and grandson to the late Lord Anglesea.
THE NEW NAVAL UNIFORM.—We understand that no
decision has as yet been come to in reference to the new
naval dre-s, but it is thought that a very extensive change
will take place. There will be a reduction, if not a total
abolition of lace, as in the army.
OUR AMBASSADOR AT VIENNA.—Voss's Gazette of
Berlin, under date of Berlin, 29th ult., says :—" The
Countess of Westmoreland returned here the day before
yesterday from Isehyl. The Earl has given up his in-
tention of retiring from public life, and will shortly re-
sume his post at Vienna."
The cost of the lighting of Versailles during the
splendid fete given to her Majesty was 6,5201. The ball
given at the Hotel-de-Ville cost 12,000/,
A MORMON "SAINT" AND HIS WlVES.—Orson Hyde,
9ne of the Mormon saints, was lately in St. Louis for
the purpose of marrying 12 more wives to whom he is
affianced.
DEATH OF SIR RICHARD BURTON.—This venerable
knight died on Monday last, the 3d, at his re-iflence,
3ackett's-hill House, Margate, in the Isle of Thanet.
Sir Richard Burton was son of Sir S. Burton, Knt., of
Wakefield, Yorkshire, and was born in 1773. He mar-
ried, in 1802, the only daughter of the late R. Crafts,
Esq., of Dumpton House, near Broadstairs, Isle of
Thanet.
A FRANK REQUEST.—On her recent visit to France,
one of the very first things Victoria asked the Emperor
was, to enable her to visit the ruins of Neuilly, and also
the Chapelle St. Ferdinand, containing the tomb of the
Duc d'Orleans, adding, frankly and nobly, that it was a
promise she had made to Queen Marie Amelie before
leaving England. The desire was of course acceded to,
the Emperor himself accompanying her to Neuilly.
MR. JUSTICE WlLLEs.—Yesterday Mr. Justice Willes
sat the chambers, and, as on the other days of his at-
tendance, disposed of a good many summonses. Mr.
Baron Martin was the vacation judge, and was relieved
by Mr. Justice Willes on the termination of his circuit.
Although this period of the year is called " the long
vacation," there is a good deal of common law business,
and the summonses taken out related to causes in pro-
gress.
Mr. Justice Willes will take his seat on the
bench at Westminster Hall, for the first time, at the
commencement of the ensuing Michaelmas term.
The ceremony of laying the first atone of the Muscle
Napoleon, at Amiens, took place on Sunday. Count de
Beaumont, senator, had been deputed by the Emperor
to preside at the ceremony, at which were also present
the Prefect of the Somme, the Bishop of Amiens, the
authorities, the members of the Society of Antiquaries
of Picardy, and a number of the principal inhabitants of
the city and neighbourhood. Several appropriate
speeches were delivered on the occasion, after which an
inscription, commemorative of the event, and a number
of coins of the present year were sealed up in a leaden
box, and placed beneath the foundation stone, which
received the usual benediction of the clergy.—Galignani.
THE LATH MURDER AT THE BRISTOL HOTWELLS.—
BRISTOL, Sept. 4.—A rumour was current this morning
in several quarters of the city, that the police had suc-
ceeded in tracing out the author of the murder of the
unfortunate girl Melinda Payne, of whose melancholy
and mysterious death we have already, from time to
time, given particulars. The statement of the arrest of
the murderer is premature, but it is true that a circum-
stance has been brought to light which, although in it-
self comparatively trifling, will, it is hoped, lead to im-
portant results.
UNION OF MALTA WITH THE ISLAND OF SARDINIA. EY
MEANS OF THE SUBMARINE ELECTRIC WIRE.—A pro-
ject has been submitted by Signor Bonelli, of Turin, to
his Excellency the Governor of Malta, and by him to
the British Government, to execute in two months, at
the expense of 10,0001., the junction of Malta with
Cagliari by one of the telegraph cables of his own con-
struction. Lord Panmure has received the proposal
most favourably, and has reqnested the governor to be
informed, without loss of time, what portion of the esti-
mated amount would be contributed by the island Trea-
sury, in the event of the proposal being sanctioned by
the authorities at home. Signor Bonelli has also pro-
posed a more extended plan of operations by continuing
the chain to Candia, and from thence two branch lines
—the one to the Dardanelles, the other to Alexandria
in Egypt. This latter course would, it is estimated, re-
quire 60,000/., and 6 months' time.
ATTEMPT TO UPSET A MAIL TRAlN.—Yesterday
(Tuesday) William Cooper, a platelayer, in the service of
the Midland Railway Company, was brought before J.
G. Cottingham, Esq., one of the magistrates for the
county of Derby, at the, Municipal Hall, Chesterfield,
charged with having maliciously attempted to displace a
rail on the above line about 300 yards south of the Ches-
terfield station. It was shown in evidence that on Fri-
day afternoon, about ten minutes past four o'clock, the
prisoner went into a siding box on the line occupied by
a pointsinan named George Gilberthorpe, and obtained
possession of a connecting rod, n bar of iron perhaps 6
or 7 feet long, with which he went up the line and shortly
afterwards returned it, not being applicable for big pur-
pose. He then got possession of a long iron crowbar
used for raising the sleeper 4, and proceeded up the line
with it. He was shortly afterwards observed striking at
the rails by the pointernan Gilberthorpe, who called out
to a labourer who was working at the Wingerworth iron
works, and they both went up to the prisoner, when
Gilberthorpe, who observed several keys which fasten
the rails to the sleepers lying on the ground, asked the
prisoner what he was doing, the other man (Hall) seizing
HeThweapsrtirennetraskaeind he wanted
custodyto.
owa b
passedpa roi from him.
over
i.hme .
rails
at full sp:rldhwavitehdout acci-
The mail train came up before the keys could be replaced
and
e knockci rt
dent. The prisoner afterwards said, "I
be done.'?"Tnhoe-
thing ; I only wish I had, but it
for
that the gauger had been
attempt to upset a train was
ifaccident
reflections on him, and thatan oc-
curred, reason the prisoner could give this outrageous
casting
not on him. The
blame would rest on the gauger and .
also stated that he was drunk, but this was
curred, and the rails were in an improper state, the
prisoner has
the ensuing county sessions at Derb in October next.
not believed. The prisoner was committed for trial at

ROYAL STRAND THEATRE.
Under the direction of lin Payne,
THIS EVENING,

Will be performed VICTORINE. Characters by Messrs. Kln-
loch, Ashley, Shalders, &c. ; Mesdames Summers and Bulmer.
Followed by EL TONADOR.
After which, FOUNDED ON FACTS.
To which will be added UNA NOCHE DE FIESTA EN
SEVILIA.
To conclude with the WATER WITCHES.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Lessee and Manager, Mr. Wra. Cooke.
THIS EVENING,
Lord Rvron's MAZEPPA and the WILD HORSE, with all its
original effects and splendid spectacle arrangements.
After which, the Equestrian EXERCISES in the ARENA, in-
vented by Mr. William Cooke.
To conclude with a favourite Afterpiece.
Box-office open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W.
West, toting ',tanager, Mr. Nelson Lee. Equestrian Director,
xv. Cooke, jun.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
TEM DAY—Morn. 17min. aft. B,—Evening 1 min. aft. 9
TO-MORROW—Morn. 47 min. aft. 9—Evening 31min. aft. 10

TH.& WEATHER.—Stne Ornes, Sept. 5

Tannyourrin, IN THE SWIM&
68 highest since noon yesterday.
56 ._,owest this morning and during the night.
68—this days at noon.
BARONICTIII, 30.
WIND, N.E.—Slight breeze, with dull weather.

• - kg
Atyko
%111
•

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1856,

Are the Allied armies now in the Crimea the
besiegers or the besieged ? This is a question of
considerable importance at the present moment,
and the answer may not be altogether satisfactory
to the British community, or quite in accordance
with our preconceived notions on the subject. It
is true that a demonstration has been made
against Sebastopol, that it has been repeatedly
bombarded, and sundry attacks have been made
on its outer defences. But the chief condition
of a siege has been wanting. It has never been
completely invested. From the very commence-
ment of the attack it has maintained communica-
tions with a relieving army and the open country,
which have never been, even for a single hour,
interrupted. The garrison were thus enabled to
receive constant supplies of men, ammunition, and
provisions. All the resources of the Crimea and
of Russia were available for its use. Relays of
fresh soldiers were ready to take the place of those
exhausted by over-fatigue, and ample rations
were supplied, at least, until the operations in
the Sea of Azoff blocked up the principal channel
by which they could be obtained. They still,
however, although nominally besieged, keep
up their communications with the army
stationed on the Mackenzie heights, and can
receive from it assistance of any descrip.
tion that may be required. Both may be united
at any hour either within or outside the town,
wherever combined action may be considered ad-
visable, and bear with all their force on any
chosen point of attack.
On the other hand, the allied troops are at pre-
sent cooped up within their lines. They have the
complete command of the sea, and can therefore
receive reinforcements at pleasure. But they can-
not venture into the open country. They are, in fact,
more completely hemmed in than the garrison of
Sebastopol; and that, although their forces far
exceed those of the enemy—and they have nearly
200,000 men in the aggregate to oppose to
less than 150,000 ! The numerical superiority
is, however, of but little practical advantage,
when they cannot so arrange their operations as
to prevent tite co-operation of the relieving army
and the garrison, or, what would be better still,
cut off the supplies from both, and besiege not
Sebastopol itself, but, to a certain extent, at
least, the army which recently ventured to attack
the allied position on the Tchernaya.
We have already indicated how this important
operation may be accomplished. A junction could
easily be effected with the Turkish troops at
Eupatoria, and a sufficient force established to
meet any attack of the Russians, and place their
army on the Mackenzie heights between two fires.
Half the men now in the trenches could maintain
the operations against Sebastopol, while the resi-
due, if despatched to Eupatoria, would not only
be able to defend themselves against any Russian
attack, but could themselves assume the initia-
tive, and commence offensive operations against
the Russian army.
But if this is to be done, it should be done
quickly. The favourable season is rapidly wear-
ing away. A few weeks only remain during
which it would be possible for an army to take
the field, and operate in the rear of the Musco-
vites. Every hour is precious. It is a golden
opportunity, which, if neglected or misapplied,
cannot possibly be retrieved. " The light cloud"
is passing o'er the moon, and the result may be of
a very serious description, if we still display a
degree of apathy and indifference similar to that
for which we have already obtained so unhappy &
notoriety.
But, even if such a diversion should not be
attempted, something at least may be done to
block up the freedom of communication between
the covering army and the north side of Sebastopol.
While that is maintained complete success cannot
be anticipated. Even though the Malakhoff
should yield to our repeated onslaughts, and we
should be thereby enabled to destroy the scanty
remnant of the Russian Fleet, and to drive th a
enemy from the South side, our task would no t
yet be accomplished. We should merely find a
heap of ruins, which would be just as untenable
by ourselves as by the enemy. The northern._
forts would still command the position, and until
they had been silenced and destroyed the labour
and expenditure should be continued, without
cessation or intermission. The fleet might cer-
tainly render important services—but we do not,
and cannot, entertain any sanguine hopes of naval
triumphs while Sir C. WOOD remains at the head
of the Admiralty. However daring may be our
Admirals, there is that paralysing influence at
head-q carters that will prevent the possibility cf

make it in spite of the vestry ; and if the vestry
made the rate, any ratepayer might appeal against
it, the ultimate fixing and ordering of the rate in
any case resting on Quarter Sessions, on whose
authority it was to be collected on the same
assessment, and enforced by the same means
and remedies as poor-rates ! Everybody knows
what these are. Well might Sir GEORGE GREY
refuse to grant the canon necessary for the
reconstruction of the Lower House of Convoca-

tion with such a pro3f of the utter incompetency
of that body for wholesome legislation I Justice,
conscientious scruples, the expression of popular
feeling, the BRAINTREE case, all the mischief,

spoliation, and misery hitherto inflicted and likely
to ensue, everything connected with the impost—
that by Christian men and patriotic citizens ought
to have been regarded—coolly ignored, and an
invidious and more compulsory law recommended

---one that will convert a recusant into an offender

against the State ! From such a spectacle we
turn away in almost as much pity as disgust,
those memorable words all the while ringing in

our ears, " My kingdom is Not of this world," and
"My house shall be called a house of prayer, but

ye have made it a den of thieves." HEAVEN save
us from Convocation and all parsonic legislation !

A FRIENDLY LOAN OF ONE _HUNDRED
MILLION RUBLES TO RUSSIA.

The Paris correspondent of the Morning Post, in his
letter dated yesterday evening, says :—" Having drained
the country by every means, direct and indirect, the
Government of St. Petersburg has despatched agents t.
get up a sort of secret loan of 100 millions of ruble•. The
head-quarters of those agents appears to be at Berlin.
and, if my information be correct, the loan will be
assisted by certain Governments friendly to Russia.
Royal personages, it is said, have contributed from their
private purse. This is not remarkable, for the cause of
Russia is the cause of many small European Sovereigns,
who see their own destruction in the fall of Russian
prestige.

DEATH OF THE " BELFAST CHRONICLE."—This old
paper died on Friday last.
It will have been noticed that Prince Gortschakoff,
while admitting in his report that the loss upon his side
on the 16th was severe, omits to return the numbers.
The Military Gazette of Vienna, a journal not likely to
overstate the Russian reverse, says that besides the
three generals killed, the Russian army lost 1,451 killed,
including 45 officers, and 4,875 wounded.
THE QUEEN AND THE LAPDOG.-00 leaving Boulogne
the Queen suddenly perceived she had left behind a fa-
vourite little lap dog, and expressed her very great re-
gret thereat. No notice was taken apparently beyond
sympathy, but electricity and steam were made to per-
form their seemingly impossible feats, and, when the
Queen entered her boudoir at St. Cloud, the first thing
she saw was her lapdog, that jumped forward to meet
her.
Sr. BARTHOLOMEW'S FAIR.—On Monday, after an
existence of many centuries, the once renowned fair of
St. Bartholomew expired. No proclamation took place,
nor was the ancient court of pied poudre for the hearing
and determining disputes arising in the fair held ; the
" Saints' Bell," in Old St. Bartholomew's Church, which
has for time immemorial sounded only on the proclama-
tion of the fair, was silent, and its occupation is now
gone.
ADVANCE IN THE PRICE OF CANDLES, SUGAR, &c.--A
general metropolitan advance in the price of white and
-brown sugar, and also candles, took place on Monday.
For the latter article, which has hitherto
been at 6id.
per lb., an advance of id. has takenplhnaecee,ani.
ddfoprebrrelhw.n;
and white sugar the increase has
added to this, intimation has been given to shopkeepers
that an advance will take place in that most valuable
commodity—salt,
TEE
Oriental Ed
MAlLS.—Southampton,
l L
Company's s—Sothm
xTi nhe
Peninsu-
lar Captainl.
Joy, left this day with the East India and Chinamai
u ap t o
steam n, Tu
chip e e d a yE.
general cargo, and 72 passengers, amongst whomwetre
Major Tapp, Col. Lage, Brigadier General Mayne,_
Colonel Ryle, Capt. Smith, Ensign Hunter, &c. Lieu
The
for
Eurine takes out the following amount of specie—
India and China, 524,461/. ; for Alexandria, 25,1201.
for Malta, 50,000/.—Total, 599,5811.
THE CUOLERA IN SOITHWARIL—rO consequence of
several cases of bowel complaint and diarrhoea, the first
symptoms of Asiatic cholera, having been made known
to the guardians of the St. Saviour's Union, yester-
day bills were posted throughout the whole of the
Union, notifying that medical gentlemen had been
appointed in each district, to whom all persons were
earnestly requested to apply on the first appearance of
such symptom, without the slightest delay.
OUR NAVAL AND MILITARY EXPENDITURE IN 1854.—A
' return moved for by Mr. Wilson gives detailed accounts
of the receipt and expenditure for navy, army, commis-
sariat, and ordnance services for the year to the 31st of
'March, 1854. It shows that the expenditure for the
navy amounted to 7,197,8041., being 77,0991. in excess
•of the estimates; for the army, 6,503,756/., being
:218,290/. under the estimates ; for the commissariat
vservicee, 617,027/., and for the ordnance services,
.3,053,5671., being 61,5821. less than the sum granted.
The items of these accounts in detail cover a space of
nearly 90 pages.

THE SUN, LON DON, WEDN ES DA Y EVENING, SEPTEMBER 5, 1855,

sidered as a thing decided on. It is stated that before
his marriage the Prince Regent will be invested with
all the rights of his elder brother, who continues ill,
and will also take the title of Grand Duke of Baden.
The negotiations which have been going on for years
past at Rome for the purchase of the Caffarelli Palace
for the Prussian Legation have just been concluded. It
is intended to construct in this building a ch.pel for the
use of the Protestants sojourning at Rome. The young
Prince Frederic-William of Prussia, the heir presump-
tive to the Crown, has just been made a Colonel. The
manceuvres of the guard having terminated to-day, the
men who have accomplished their period of service are
about to be dismissed ; but this will make no difference
in the effective strength of the army, as those who are
discharged will be immediately replaced by the new re-
cruitment. The Prussian cloth manufacturers of the
province of Saxony have lately received extensive order■
on account of the Ottoman Government."

LITER4TURE.

The Chemistry of Common, Life. 2 vols. By James
F. W. Johnston. Blackwood and Song.
Professor Johnston we have come to look upon_
(luring the course, of our attentive and delighted
perusal of these two beautiful volumes of popu-
larised philosophy—with those mingled semi-
urents of admiration and gratitude which are
the meed of a national benefactor. For, so-
cording to our view, it is peculiarly to works
of this elevated and instructive character that we
may look the most confidently, as to the surest
means for the more general diffusion of knowledge
among the population. The learned author, of
what he has happily designated, upon his title-
page, " The Chemistry of Common Life," has as-
sumed, in truth, by this single publication,
a prominent position among those emi-
nent men of whom we took occasion to speak
only the other day as sages deserving well of
their country— philosophers who have de-
scended from the porch into the marketplace for
the purpose of scattering broadcast among the
multitude, the largess of wisdom, those pearls and
precious stones of Truth which have fallen to their
possession from the lips of the Divine Goddess,
as of old, around her footsteps, from the fabled
mouth of the Arabian Princess. Illustrious
among these self-appointed instructors of the
people are men of mark and genius, no less distin-
guished in their several departments than those
eminent masters of learning whose names have
become, as it were, synonymous with one or other of
' the higher branches of erudition—names associated
indissolubly with one or other of the loftier among
the fruit-bearing boughs of the tree of knowledge.
In this manner, Electricity has by no one been more
signally advanced as a science than by Michael
Faraday, while by no one have its abstruse prin-
ciples been brought home with more exquisite
lucidity to the grasp of the popular apprehension.
Precisely the same may be said in reference to
the intellectual labours applied by David Brewster
to the study of optics—by John Hind to that of
astronomy—by Richard Whateley to that of logic
—by William Whewell to that of mathematics—
by Richard Owen to anatomy—by Charles Lyell
to geology—by Southwood Smith to pathology—
and so likewise by other celebrities yet happily
numbered in the ample catalogue of still surviving
contemporaries. Conspicuous in this catalogue may
now be ranked the name of James Johnston, as that
of the writer of these charming and brilliant chapters
upon chemistry—" The Chemistry of Common
Life"—henceforth, we conjecture, to be regarded
as the recognised and authoritative manual upon
subjects either chemical or physiological.
Nothing could well be more singularly felicitous
besides than the scheme of the whole work, as it has
been here planned out by the hand of Professor
Johnston. It assumes no lofty tone as an esoteric
medium for exoteric instruction. It undertakes to
speak of some among the more extraordinary of the
wonders of nature, not grandiously, not didacti-
cally, but with the utmost simplicity, and, so to
express it, even colloquially. •In one chapter, for
example, it tells us of " The Air we Breathe, and
the Water we Drink;" in another of " The Soil we
Cultivate, and the Plant we Rear" ; in another of
" The Bread we Eat, and the Beef we Cook" ;
another of "The Odours we Enjoy, and the Smells
we Dislike." Several distinct chapters again, re-
lating to " The Beverages we Infuse"—ac-
quaint us with the multifarious peculiarities of
the teas, the cocoas, and the coffees. "The sweetswe I
Extract," refer successively to the grape and cane,
the manna and milk sugars. " The Liquors we Fer-
ment," to the beers, the wines, and the brandies.
" The Narcotics we indulge in," to coca, and to-
bacco, to the poppy and the lettuce, to the hop and
its substitutes, to the betel nuts and the pepper-
worts, to Indian hemp, the thorn apples, and the
Siberian fungus, to sweet gale, and the rhododen-
drons, to common henbane, the emetic-holly, and
the deadly nightshade. Apart from all which, or
rather perhaps it should be said more accurately, in
continuation and direct elucidation of all which,
our author explains to us with incomparable luci-
dity—" The Body we Cherish," in all its involved
and complicated mechanism, defining with infinite
precision "What we Breathe and what we Breathe
For," as well as " What, How, and Why we Di-
gest," crowning his high intellectual labours with
a masterly solution of the great problem of " The
Circulation of Matter," a problem here solved
through the medium of the two concluding essays
entitled "A Recapitulation."
It would be difficult for any one but the merest
dullard to peruse the thirtieth chapter (vol. ii.) of
" The Chemistry of Common Life," beginning with
page 359 and terminating with page 384, without
acquiring from those few graphic sentences a per-
fectly clear appreciation of the whole of the elabo-
rate process of digestion, and through that au
accurate notion of the great leading points to be
borne in mind by the physiological investigator.
Any one, so inclined, may afterwards extend his
knowledge upon the subject of our human ana-
tomy, very readily and very delightfully, by au ex-
amination of that exquisite little anatomical
treatise, published originally, we believe, in
the United States, but reprinted by Messrs.
Parker and Son, of West Strand, in the
accessible and portable form of a cheap
little pocket-volume, quaintly entitled, " The
House I live in." As a preliminary to the perusal
of that charming treatise, however, commend us,
and let us in our turn commend others, to the
chapter already mentioned as adorning the second
volume of Professor Johnston's " Chemistry of
Common Life," a chapter preceded and followed by
others of a kindred cnaracter—from the reading of
which may be derived a mass of valuable and cu-
rious information. Regarding bread and meat as
the staples of our ordinary nutriment, it will pro-
bably be matter of surprise to the uninitiated to
know that from each of those apparently very
dissimilar substances the same kinds of nourish-
ments are extracted by the organs of digestion—the
bread consisting of gluten, starch or fat, and saline
matter, the beef of fibrin, fat and saline matter_
both of them being gradually reduced, after being
swallowed, first of all to a greyish, gruel-like,
slightly acid food-pulp, called chyme, and ultimately
to a milky fluid termed chyle, the material employed
for the reparation of all the wear and tear con-
stantly going on, more or less rapidly, throughout
the whole of our intricate framework. Conveyed
down the gullet or oesophagus, after being duly im-
pregnated with the warm saline liquid expressed
from the salivary glands by the muscular move-
ment produced in the process of mastication, the
food, whether animal or vegetable, is known to be
prepared for the more important organs of diges-
tion by the influence of a peculiar organic com-
pound contained in the saliva, a,compound called
ptyalin, possessing the property of changing
the
starch of the food into sugar. Constituting as it does
only 1-500th part of the entire weight of the
saliva, not more than from fifteen to twenty
grains of this subtle and potent ptyalin are swal-
lowed within the twenty-four hours. Neverthe-
less, so important an element is it in the process of
digestion, that too much stress can hardly be laid
upon the advisability of careful mastication, so
that every mouthful of nourishment may be pro-
perly saturated with this wondrous mixture of
saliva and ptyalin before its passage down the
oesophagus. Conveyed by means of this channel
into the stomach, the food already prepared by
mastication, broken up by the teeth and softened
by the saliva and ptyalin, is still further advanced
in the process of digestion by the solvent influence
of the gastric juice, which is to the stomach itself
what the saliva is to the mouth, and which contains
within it a peculiar organic substance called pepsin,
analogous in its action to that carried on as we
have seen at an earlier stage by the ptyalin. About
60 or 80 ounces of this gastric juice mixed with its
proportion of pepine, are presumed to be poured
into the stomach of a well-fed grown man within
the 24 hours. Reduced by its action to the greyish
pulp already mentioned as chyme, the food in that
form passes out of the stomach through the aper-
ture named the pylorus into the first portion of
the intestines, a portion designated (from its length
being about 12 inches) the duodenum. Here the
chyme becomes perfected into chyle by admixture
with bile conveyed through a small tube from the
liver into the intestine : with the pancreatic juice
conveyed thither by a similar means from the sweet-
bread : and with a half liquid slimy mucus
exuding from the surface of the intestine itself,
a fluid exudation called the intestinal juice, or suc-
cus entericus. Intermingled with these three liquids
the chyme, as it passes onward from the stomach,
becomes metamorphosed from a greyish pulp into
a milky fluid, the chyle, which is then carried on
from the duodenum into the jejunum, and along
the whole intervolved channel of the smaller in-
testines—during its passage along which its nutri
tive portions are taken up by a multiplicity of
absorbent vessels, the lacteals, and the lymphatics.
The lacteals, or milk-bearers gradually uniting
together as- they ascend, terminate in the thoracic
duct—a vessel, in man, about as large as a goose-
, vill—emptying their pearly contents through the
t horacic duct into the jugular vein, where the
ci united with the blood, flows into the right
al iricle of the heart (an organ acting simulta-
m iously as a pump and as a churn, as a main-
sp ring and as a pendulum) whence, passing into
th. , right ventricle, it is forced into the lungs for
the purpose of purification by being Lrought into
din ect contact with the oxygen of the atmosphere.
Returning from the lungs, the newly oxygenised
bl load passes into the left auricle, thence into the
I( ift ventricle, and so through the grand channel of
t lie aorta, on from the heart to the extremities.
I R a full-grown man the blood weighing from

ing
twenty to thirty pounds ! the lungs bold t
(of this) about half a pound ! the heart be. 55
upon an average sixty or seventy tio3:„
in a minute ! each thiob driving forw,:ie
about two ounces of the vital-fluid ! the w,vd
twenty or thirty pounds weight of blood rule;
onwards at the rate of one hundred and fifty
iste
s minute ! so enabling the whole blood to &re° dl
through the entire system every two minutes
half ! or twenty times every hour 1 or very 1174
five hundred times in the twenty-four ! Sonieloo
indeed, during moments of excitement, the 'n° the
of the blood being so accelerated as to enable
whole to complete its circulation in less the
minute ! Such are among the many wonders
ou,
folded by Professor Johnston to the popularive
prehension. Ex icno disco omnes—every auccef
chapter of the work constitutes a revelation °
portant facts, abounding in almost eSry,si,
stance in the purely marvellous. Inard'iog
lous, for example, is it to learn that, lb.
to the estimate of Quetelet, a man weighluisioisS
consists of only 381 b. of dry
matter, dry
many as 1161bs. of water. These 381hs. rb.
matter, comprising 241 b. of flesh and fat, ands coar
of bone, or 281 b. of organic matter, whin'', .;if
ou
bustible, and 101 b. of mineral matter, wksic`istri
combustible. Enough, however. The Cue:, er
of Common Life must itself be studied in 1 yd
the
tirety, not superficially glanced at throughdi
of merely fragmentary quotations. Consolentend
and very cordially we may and hereby do onwt;tbe
the volumes under consideration, not sitoPlf .001•
casual perusal, but to the careful study of the I is
ligent masses of our reading population. Itsto
production to be resorted to continually as %ad
dard work of reference. It may assume f°+l./0-
by right a permanent place upon our ro°11;11010
diously-selected bookshelves—among Our
repertories of solid and alluring infornalltion.

aljAst
They are only Cousins. A novel by Claude
3 vols. Newby. to
This is a light cheerful story, well calculs;eo
while away an hour in this holiday season• to.
is a great variety in the dramatis persons) „nor
duced to our notice. Indeed the reader is 11;07
times puzzled to remember the distinctive °h of
ters, but the individuality is never lost sign usa
the author, each hero and heroine, is
separate in conduct and disposition. 01.1
Clare Wilmington is the most pleasing m'thig
with ; gentle and yet firm there seems se'Sbirlei
serene and gracious about her. Froderics 'l,OOl
was too bold and dazzling at the comm. ieuceel sbi
and though afterwards softened and sunalleeroo
never competed with her friend. Gertrude 0101'
is not so prominently put forward; she is cool
and pleasing. There are many others Of thirlei
importance. Among the elder ladies LadY ;co
is conspicuous. A great deal of skill is sb°,o6o,
the description of this vulgar yet clever w" bst
She contrived to obtain all her wishes,
opt
she had not the grace to make the best of good
her ingenuity had gained for her. It is 61000 b,
scene that in which she had to preside at a fotr
at her own table. Her guests were some sh°
diously fashionable people, and every vorf good
uttered was some offence to their code %or)
manners. The story of the Marquis of AVuor
is romantic ; but few can sympathise with elegitill
)id fancies, and he evinced a want of right nry
in keeping up such devotion to the metro**
Ginevra when he had contracted a second ins the
00
The heroes do not appear to such advantage Tight
heroines ; for Noel Vernon was selfish and tl3°,o'coa
less before he went to India, although he iiiiPouleo
at last, and Lord Leyburne was exceedinglYi Dia
and even mean in his suspicious conduct't she i 1
Vernondale is a very charming person, ig thy
not met with often. A melancholy episocle,,melt
of the young and beautiful Amy's el°_k;esitr
The scene of misery that her little home Prth tbe,
is very naturally described. Altogether,
gaiety of Gertrude, the vivacity of Frederilt
the sweetness of Claude, a fair assemblage it;
rented ; and, although there is nothing °rigout°
the characters or circumstances, a great au:no O.
interest is conveyed, and the talent evineed%a the
numerous actors who pass over the scene, %Oh
energy with which the scenes are repreEs"
claim attention and regard.

oll°
Post-Office Directory of Derbyshire, Leicesm 111
„Nottinghamshire, and Buttandshire. "" •
and Co.
Will IP
A second edition, superior to the first, aOf
accuracy and extent of information. Agivae,.' sa*
additions will be found a list of magistrettliel
of principal seats throughout the counties, t'linse
with the nearest money-order office to WI, boo°
not having one. The classification also eMffet
improved, and the maps, engraved expreinges
the Directory, have been corrected up to the
of publication.
Tait's Edinburgh Magazine opens with tAP-1,
Odd
instalment of a review of " Some few of war,
Monuments of our National Literature," the :60,,F
of the writer's consideration being " the 13-eitb'
character as it is expressed in books, !Jed 10
didactic nor historical, but which have fit' to b°
taste and humour of the people so truly
_7ooeci:
prized in every age since they were Pw".. Abe
The poets selected are Chaucer and Govre7o.llo,
lived during a period the events of which t,1119
adduces in justification of his taking for 7 The
commencement of modern English historydoor
influences by which Chaucer, the earliestbis elf
great English poets, was surrounded, ee'
sigtl
to stamp his mother tongue " with the tb
classical authenticity and give it curreelrestieg
polite world" are pointed out in an in oh ,*
sketch of his career; the paper terminating ogee,
brief notice of Gower, who patriotically e
"according to his measure of wit,"
" In our English for to make
A book for Engellande's sake." d 0)4
" Telse Wollersien," from the Danish," an
Path of Roses" are continued—the forme olive
ic
of war, deepening in tragic interest. irgujo
Raids" is the heading of a not very happy' •
humoured review of Tennyson's " MOT, pelf"
the writer justly regards as a blunder.
rt0n...41
Woman's Pamphlet" relates to Mrs. Ile
stesPec,
title ironically indicating the writer's vio9:000 rota
ing it. Among the remaining contribute
be noticed an interesting paper on " The
Brittany."

rrisoo'
The Churchman's Magazine. 113—and geSty
A monthly review of Church progress '—fing to
rll literature, and likely to be inter°
Churchmen.

Evangelical Christendom.
.nd prf.
A monthly journal, in which the stat,esglo
pects of Evangelical Christendom are ur-raberg
-
fore the reader, under the auspices of ine
the Evangelical Alliance.

Newton's London Journal. aPPliel .
A record of the progress of invention, al 100131
to the arts, illustrated by engravings, sll`"Datilres
panied by useful information of a scientific

The Merchants' Magazin:o
devote :190thwe'r
The second number of a serial d
interests of commerce, and containing, allitrjirith
hbl.
üblicol
useful matter, an article on Limited
which the commercial and general
pointed out to them the way in which Ealp,- rdeao
panies, under the new act, should be rw'
order to avoid error.

Sharpe's London, Magazinz' ..toent
Contains its usual variety of enterl'bi
the lovers of light literature. g‘ Tea eh- e P-41;
may be recommended to those who re"s-,.fiteae //-
consequently care to know how that buenftcte-P;
maligned on its introduction to this
VisitJlY
to the Granite City " Aberdeen) and
Midnight Adventure on the North Cor bliter;
land will will well repay perusal. "-ur; viiil4l-10.111'
Maid "is a welcome instalment of a *III t
story. "Lorimer Littlegood" and, " latte-
verdale's Courtship " are contumea•
has entered on a 59th chapter.

Vessels engaged in the herring fishery are
abrefie t,
ie jolt
ifo,6oreatnuiprn to French ports. On Friday one
THE w with
h 350 casks of fish.
public meeting, Mondayt. l'se"
RESTORATIONgnveOnIredPbOyLAND.--011 i,roy, et
held at the Town-hall. The obtjheectMortohreofv "yeeet/11 frif3,
the restoration of Poland and her en3ancaPe too
sgldre '
Russian t
yranny. Mr. de Chylinski, a pole, of b 0
the meeting at some length, and in the theoovreea foli_ieb
speech inveighed in good set terms againeti.oltri—
Association, which he says is composed 01 fi,, 1
adventurers," of "Russian serpents," who bjbnief eii
ganised in England a garrison of Muscoviteitro, prof'
agents." A petition to the Queen was agresuo-to" tail
ing her Majesty to direct her Government Leo, 03,,
proper steps to call the Polish nation te ,"„denoe•
render it every assistance to regain its inclajoetieg
After a vote of thanks to the chairman, t -
separated. ,rfc 1014..';
THE MURDER AT CUDHAM.--LATEST rAs-- 0 00-J
BROMLEY, Tuesday Evening:--Every doubt in tile idea
of the police,
the brutal murder at Cudham, on the morning ei,..,i0 of
in reference tohe prson who oligstur
day, the 25th ult., has been removed, a long :„,e-rpir
circumstances having convinced them that it Was clog.
trated by Robert Peeling, after whom they are 1:t will
pursuit, and who, they seem to entertain no dell cic-OP.
mhe shortly captured and lodged ingestßrll cLopclO
bolding
C. J. Cartar, the coroner for lCenttcll4 tbe
ding an inquiry into the circumstances atten_r
top,
death of Mrs. Jane Bigley, at the Rare spa )1° how'
Curiham, on the 18th inst., prior to which iree,itted.
ever, it is to he hoped the murderer will be comrobi 0.
No reward of any kind has yet been offered f4;o' t
prehension of the murderer.