The Sun.
London, England, 1855-11-23 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EvENING-., NOVEMBER 23, 1855.

Acts of- Parliament, of Royal Charters, or compul-
sory endowments t Indeed the endowment of one
creed, like bounties in commerce, is virtual
hostility to other creeds. We should like
to see JouN BRIGHT, and Lord JOHN engaged
in a good round duel after this ex-Ministerial
flourish. It would be most entertaining to see
the quibbles and evasions of the aristocratic Whig
Churchman unmercifully smashed by the middle-
class and Radical Quaker. He would wield
against him, too, not only the irrevocable sen-
tences we have quoted, but the whole drift and
tenor of his lecture ; for it chiefly consisted of an
exhibition of the obstacles opposed to moral and
religious progress, by Governments overstepping
the proper bounds of their office. He had indeed
interposed a single sentence in favour of the "pro-
motion of religion and instruction of the young
by public grant or endowment," with the qualifi-
cation, however, " that it may be matter of some
question ;" of how much question it could not be
difficult to show if truth is to be left "to its own
sufficient armour," and if Governments " have no
special capacity to fit them for the task" of
control in matters of religion. We are
not so perverse as to suppose that Lord JOHN
will now depart from the practice of a life, and,
were h• in office again, abide by what he s aid in
opposition. It is only in the latter position that
he puts forth his horns and seems to mean a
movement ; once on the Treasury Benches he dra's s
them within his oficial shell, and makes all snug
again. After all it is obvious to thinking ob-
servers, that language like that of Lord STANLEY
on the one side, and Lord JOHN RUSSELL on th•
other, is the twilight of a great ecclesiastical
change. It bears, to our mind, the same relation
to our ecclesiastical future as PBEL'S ominous
declaration to the Tory squires of every man's
right to buy in the cheapest market and sell in the
dearest did to our then commercial future.
Events may accelerate or retard coming altera-
tions, but that they will come is evident when
our STANLRYS and RUSSSLLS express such views.

We are well pleased to notice some signs of
mechanical vigour in the War Department. In-
♦entions are getting a trial at last. The new
pontoon rafts, although there are some reasons to
doubt the sufficiency of the thin copper employed
to resist the shock of the discharge of a large mor-
tar, are a move, as a trial at least, in the right
direction. If copper does not answer, ingenuity
may devise something else. Better a dozen fail-
ures than lose one efficient invention—a rule we
would certainly apply to Lord DUNDONALD'S plans.
We hear nothing yet of our following France in
building floating batteries. How is this ? Not
a moment should be lost. Fifty of them would
be a cheap preparation for the Baltic, if cheap-
ness is to be tested by efficiency ; and more are
also needed in the Black Sea. We read of a
gun-boat built at Liverpool in an in-
credibly short time. Why are not all
our great shipbuilding ports called upon
in like manner ? Have we, then, actually
secured the gun-boats of Sweden ? If we could
but hope that, we might probably employ the
money better in enabling Sweden to man her ex-
cellent gun-boats than in building many for our-
selves. We much fear, however, that all reports
from Sweden are too goDd to be true. It seems
very evident what the French EMPEROR. wishes of
that power, but Lord PALMERSTON has to ask,
What say the COBTRCIS to it ?

Our readers may have noticed also the arrival
of the monster 42-inch shells from Low Moor—
to weig,h one ton six cwts., and to contain half-a-
ton of gunp )order ! If these can really be thrown
by any mortar, and the shock of discharge borne
by any boat, verily Sweal3org,, and Cronstadt itself,
must tremble. Succeed or fail we are glad to see
the trial making. Failure only entails the loss
of no large sum of money ; success, on the other
hand, will add another thorn to the crows of the
Czan, if it be not blasphemy to recall the adula-
tory blasphemy of his Archbishop. Floating
batteries have, it is rumoured, already had their
inAuence in disposing him to think of peace ; bat
if they are to be employed in throwing half tons
of gunpowder into his forts, he may well bethink
himself of asking mercy. We have not noticed
that any special contrivance, like double locks to
guns, has been adopted to insure the explosion of
so costly a missile. From their size may not
double fuzees be possible ?

It seems horrible to be ever taxing our inge-
nuity to devise the most effectual instruments for
wholesale slaughter ; if, however, human subjects
are wicked enough, or deluded enough to back their
M )narchs is wholesale robbery of other nations'
lands and liberties, nothing but such methods will
bring them to their senses. Messrs. STURGII and
PEASE tried their plan to the uttermost ; the
CzAit's comment on their peace oratory was pub-
lished in the Principalities. Unreflecting hu-
manity mourns over the death of some three or
four hundred thousand Russians, but reflecting
humanity would rejoice in the death, or capture,
rather, this day, of every Russian soldier who
stands on soil wrested by perfidy and violence
from its native owners. Europe then might rest,
Poland, Hungary, and Italy could no longer be
trifled with or crushed, and something like liberty
might dawn on Germany, that despot's nest.

What we have so long and so perseveringly
urged on the attention of the Ministry is at length
about to be carried into execution. The Govern-
ment is about to avail itself of the Polish ele-
ment, to obtain the really valuable assistance of a
body of gallant and high-minded men, who only
panted for the opportunity of shedding their blood
in the cause of their glorious, but deeply-injured,
a
country—who were ready, at any risk, and in any
clime, to inflict " a heavy blow and great dis-
couragement" on the Autocratic oppressor of their
unfortunate brethren. Too long has this source
of extraordinary strength and power been disre-
garded. Too long have we truckled to the be.
beets of Germanism, and, in the vain attempt to
conciliate a pretended friend, neglected those who
would have been far more useful to the great
cause in which France and England have delibe-
rately embarked, than Austria or Prussia could
possibly have been, if their sincerity w
as
as have been their treachery
a s and un-
questionable
in-
stability. We shall at length have a " Polish
Legion I" not designated as such, for,
u n fortu-
nately, the measure has not been so boldly pro-
claimed as it ought to have been ; but
"The rose by any other name will smell as sweet."
And so long as we have the assistance of these
gallant men, who possess the highest military
qualifications, we shall remain contented with
what
We cannot help feeling to be an ungracious
prohibition. Every Pole would feel himself trebly
armed when
fighting in the name of his dearly-
loved fatherland--a land the more cherished and
idolised for the very misfortunes it had endured
and is still enduring. But, although they would
have hailed with gratitude a more independent
course, they still feel grateful for the opportunity
of dedicating their lives to the inspiring cause,
and we venture to assert, without fear of contra-
diction, that not a single true-hearted Pole
will withhold his aid, because he will be
termed one of " the Cossacks of the Sultan:,

An avenging DEITY will nerve his arm, NEMESIS
will add power to every blow. The Standard of
the White Eagle will proudly wave over the heads
of the soldiers, while those who have been forced
to serve in the ranks of the adversary will flock
with enthusiasm to the side of their brethren ar-
rayed under the flag which once floated in
the vanguard of every army opposed to Russia,
but which has too long been concealed from the
sight of a heroic nation and of its tyrannical op-
pressors.

Never was there an occasion better suited for
the announcement of the glad tidings than that
so happily selected. It was on a day classed
among those of national mourning for Poland—on
the anniversary of the death of that high-minded
Nobleman—" whose untiring devotion to the
Polish cause shed some rays of light through the
darkness of twenty-five years of all but hopeless
exile.'' This exquisite and eloquent tribute—so
justly paid to the memory of his departed friend
by Captain CHARLES SCULCZEWSKI—was as true
as it was beautiful. It was, indeed, a
striking coincidence that the first important
step towards the realisation of the projects for
which that man—whose name has become a house-
hold word throughout the broad and fertile plains
of Poland—whose enduring monument is erected
in every Polish heart—laboured so indefatigably,
should have been taken on the day consecrated to
his memory. Even in his glorious and honoured
grave, the name of Lord DUDLEY STUART will
once more strike terror into the hearts of despots,
and vibrate through the veins of the oppressed.
There is one remarkable feature in the present
arrangement, which proves beyond the possibility
of doubt the spirit by which the " Cossacks of the
Sultan" are actuated—that they are stimulated by
no mercenary feelings, and are not willing to
barter their blood for money. At the special re-
quest of General Count ZAMOYSKI "no bounty
is to be proffered to the men about to join the
division." The Poles " are expected to volunteer"
—and they will do so. They demand only the
ordinary necessaries, and rejoice that they can
give this striking instance of enthusiastic devo-
tion. Of the complete success of the experiment
we have not the slightest doubt. It is the first
step in a course that will lead to the honour and
welfare of the parties concerned, and make rege-
nerated Poland arise, Phcenix-like, from her
ashes—more glorious than she had been in her
palmy days, when she was justly regarded as the
bulwark and protection of Europe against barba-
rian invaders.

TEE BALTIC FLEET IN CORK.

The following official communication from the
First Lord of the Admiralty has been received by
the Commissioners of Cork-harbour :
" Admiralty, Nov. 16.
" Sir,—l have received your letter of the 14th inst.,
and you must eee, upon reflection, that the stations of
her Majesty's ships must be determined by the demands
of the service, and that it would not be consistent with
my duty to give any assurance that vessels would be
stationed at any port merely on the request of the inha-
bitants of the neighbourhood.
" I am, sir, your obedient servant,
" CHARLES WOOD.

"The Mayor of Cork."
This brief reply to the Cork memorial appears to
have created an unnecessary amount of local indig-
nation, come of which finds vent in such terms as
these :
" With a sense of shame at the degraded position of
our country, and the suppliant posture which our highest
and best citizens are compelled to assume in all com-
munications with the English Government, we direct
attention to the curt, almost insolent, letter of Sir
Charles Wood in answer to the memorial respecting the
wintering of the Baltic fleet in Cork harhour."

ATEST NEWS

The Indus, which has arrived at Marseilles
brings the following heads of intelligence :
"It was reported at Constantinople on the
12th, on the strength of news from Asia, that
the siege of 'tars was raised, and that the Rus-
sians were falling back on Tifti:t.

Omer Pacha had arrived within 20 leagues

of Kutais.
" Selim Paella had left Trebizolide with Egyp.

tian cavalry and artillery for Kars.
"From the Crimea it was reported that Gene-
ral Vivian had arrived at Kerteb. ; that the Rus-
sian General Wrangel, with reinforcements, was
threatening the straits of Yeuikale. The allies
had 30,000 men to oppose him., and more troops
were expected. The camp of huts established at
Yeuikale is arranged for 15,000 men.
" The export of grain from. the Ottoman Em-
pire is officially prohibited, and free import

allowed for three months.
" The French squadron of Admiral Bruat had
arrived at Constantinople from the Crimea, having
on board two brigades of infantry and artillery,
and the equipage of the Imperial Guard. Eight
regiments of infantry were to return to France,
viz. :—The 20th, 39th, 50th, 82d, 86th, 90th,
97th, and 100th."

TRIESTE, Nov. 21.

A despatch, dated Constantinople, Nuv. 12,
states that General Vivian, closely pressed by the
Russians under General Wrangel, had applied to
head-quarters for cavalry reinforcements.

KONIGSBERG, Nov. 22.

An order of the day, issued by the Minister of
War, dated the Gth of November, has been pub-
lished. It orders that, for the purpose of obtain-

ing greater unity in its operations, the maritime
administration of Nicolaieff shall be submitted to
the government of General Luders, to whom, in
this particular instance, Prince Gortschakoff will
be subordinate.

ST. PETERSBURG-, Nov. 20.

The Emperor has ordered the consideration by
his Council of a plan, his own, of another levee en
masse to take place throughout the empire, and

form the third ban.

BERLIN, THURSDAY EVENING.

M. de Manteuffel has had two or three long in.

terviews with the Baron de Budberg, the Russian

Ambassador.

These interviews are said to be for the settle-
ment of new bases of negotiation, to emanate from

Russia.

The Baron do Budberg will lay thorn before the
Czar on his almost immediate visit to St. Peters-
burg.

The levy of recruits in Poland is conducted

with the greatest vigour.
Thck frontier is so hermetically closed, to pre-
vent the flight of men who are liable to be levied,
that commerce itself is almost put an end to.

ATHENS, Nor. 16.

M. Tricoupi will not accept office, and does no

come to Athens.

THE CZAR'S RETURN TO ST. PETERS
BURG.

The Emperor Alexander arrived at St. Peters
burg on Monday night.

In the Invalide Busse we find a few additional de-
tails of interest relative to the Emperor's movements
in the Crimea. It will be seen from the following
that his Imperial Majesty was at one moment in
the close neighbourhood of the allied troops

O❑ the 11th his Imperial Majesty inspected the troops
near the Belbek and Youkhara-Kara,les, and was per-
fectly satisfied with their condition.
In the morning of the same day some of the enemy's
battalions, together with artillery, appeared anew on the
crest of the hills which divide the valley of the Belbek
from that of the 13.-tidar. Our outposts drew near with
their reserves, but on the departure of the enemy soon
afterwards, resumed their usual positions.
On Nov. 12 the Emperor inspected the troops upon
the river Katcha, and near the village of Tasch-Rtsty,
and foind them like all the other positions of the army
in a perfect condition.
After this inspection the Emperor left for St. Peters-
burg, by way of Moscow.
Up to the night of the 12th nothing new had taken
place in the Crimea.