The National Register.
London, England, 1819-07-05 00:00:00

MONDAY, JULY 5, 1819.

a climate and soil admirably adapted to supply the
wants, and reward the industry of its people. Even
its apparent difficulties and disadvantages are eventu-
ally productive of good. They stimulate exertions,
they rouse to energy, they brace the nerves, anti
invigorate the activity of her labourers, and operate
with a beneficial influence on the whole range of
her 'society. No other country in the world can
produce a corresponding chnns of men, equal in
public and private virtues, to the country gentlemen
of England : no region upon earth has such a des-
cription of persons to cultivate its soil as English
farmers; and above all, our pmsantry,•that..proudest
boast of freedom, with all the horrible means of
degradations which have been so bug at work
amongst them, are still a nobler and better race of
men than can any whore else be met with. 'But
these blessings arc nevertheless intimately connected
with our public policy ; and a bad or oppressive
Government may easily destroy them all. Spain has
the finest soil and climate in the world, but the
execrable character of her -laws and constitution

render it the worst cultivated, and consequently
the most abject and degraded country in .Europe.—
Now the way of giving that degree of encourage-
ment to Agriculture, which we feel disposed to plead
fur, is to let it alone, to leave it few and unfettered
in its energies, and moderately im:rdcacd mid. public
demands. If this .course had been fidlowed in
this country, we should have have no need to be
now discussing the merits or expediency of any
other. But the fact has been notoriously -the re-
verse. The church, the poor, the public roads, are
not only thrown exclusively as a rent charge directly
upon the land, but the land itself is next charged,
and its produce afterwards with a most heavy and
unjust burden. When to these we add the taxes
paid by the owners and -cultivators of our soil in
coalmen with all the rest of the community, the
sum total thus raised is enough to stagger the most
sanguine calculator on the indefinite powers, which
•
land, .coaritkred as a beast of burden, is adequate to
support. Commerce then should not look with a
jealous eye upon any little privileges enacted in fa-
vour of Agriculture. Their prosperity is most
closely connected. They are twin sisters, and Agri-
culture can never spread her sails before a favourable
breeze without Commerce follow.ng in her train.
If the protection now granted against the competi-
tion of finvign "Wool may be considered, as a small
encouragement to the growth of our own, and it
cannot amount to more, surely it is.a little in point.
of boon to Apiculture, and as little in peiat ofactuel
detriment to our Manufactures as any which could
have been devised. A single pound of long Lin-
colnshire wool, taxed at sixpence, will be strfncient
to manufacture, we almost hesitate to mention Low
many yards of the • finer crepes and staffs, and
diminish what ought-to' be the additional charge to
the consumer to.at trifle hardly •perceptible. But
what we would particularly insist on is, that if this
protection can *ford any . encouragement to the
home-growth of wool, that very effict will be by en-
creasing the quantity of pmdwetion, to lessen our
dependence upoa rtn.eign markets, and to lessen also
the price itself of the Article in question. The
ratio of surlily .arl dermoul will approximate snore i
nearly, and thus the value and real worth will
find its proper and newt:diet/el. We are also
impresqed with another idea which tends, we
will frankly acknowledge, to incline us to 0:111k

LPRICE 91d.

favourably of the protection we are now iliscus:ing.
The greatest defect in our modern system, or ra-
ther practice of Agriculture, is the small number
of sheep fed or reared in England, compare:l
with what might and would under greater en-
couragement necessarily be the case. The very
finest districts of the country may be traversed ti r
roi es and miles without a single slicrp being scrn.
Ha greater number of those highly useful animjs
should be-introduced by the.late measure into o r
farvaing system, the change would be highly benefi-
cial, not only in the supply or our munitt:icturs with
the materials of clothing, but of our markets also
with the article of food Different branches of trade
will fluctuate williuut a possibility of accounting
for such fluctuation. The Norwich trade for instance,
has thiclinetl from 1,2000 ,0001. a year to 200,0001!
It is trae that wool has advanced in price, though not
very materially, taking all sorts of wad lvelker,
during the last thirty years. Ilut have other causes
bad no share in th's great .declension ? Does mat
the commencement of that decline date its period
from the commencement of the French war? Has
not. the diminution of the Monastic orders, who were
totally clothed in Norwich stuffs, contributed its
share? 'Has not the progress of our cotton manu-
factories, and the general-use Of that elegant and
light texture of goods contributed also ? and lastly,
can any manufacture of any partioular kind be men-
tioned as nourishing for any lengthened period in the
same place ? We might pursue this inquiry, and it
is a very interesting one, much farther ; but our
limits we have already transgressed. We shall
conclude by a sincere prayer that Agriculture and
Commerce may long floarish in harmony and peace,
as members of the same family, c.s indispensably
connected with each other's welfare.

AlteriliS sic
" Altera I twit opem m., nt rrmittret nsniet."

Adviees an very interesting and ..important
hire have been received from Spain. They state,
that the• Marquess do Casa Yrujio, the Prime Minis-
ter ut the Court of nutria, has been removed, and
ordered to repair to the town of Avila, in Old Cis.
tile, where he was to arrive on the I 4th June. Ile
was formeely Secretary to the Marquess dci Campo,
.when the latter was Ambassador in this country.
He was suspected toile too.strongly attached to the
interests of the 'United States. of America, being "I‘
related by marriage to the exA'resident, Mr. Adama,
The Minister of War has.also been removed, anti
appointed Captain General of Crmiada, as a kind df, •
honourable retirement. it is suprosed that these
chauges.areoonneeted with the cession of the Flu-
ridas, and it may,•consequently, be fairly doubted
whether theireaty making that cession to the United
Sta:eswill be ratified by theCotirt of Spain. The
politics of the Court of Madrid arc the must vacil-
lating in Europe, end distinguished by eternal
-intrigue. At the very moment a Minister imagines
he enjoys the full confidence cf his Sovereign, pro-
bably his removal is fixed upon, or he is displaced
by the appointment of some rival to fill his sit natiot:.
The Marquess de Casa Yritjio is a most honour.
able man—a high minded nobleman, who would not
saLrifice the interests of his country, let the tempta-
tion be ever so I,e;:eat. The Court of Madrid feels
great emlrarrit.ssmeut with respect to the Florit:as,
and it is to that blame should somewhere be
attached, and this probably is the real cause of the
removal of the Marquess.
Mr. Tucker, Secretary to Earl St. Vincent, when
his Lordship was &AI-Lord of the Admiralty, rut--
chased, some time ago, about three noes of land 1,1-
joining to his other property, in the county of Cora-
wall, fn. the RUM office hundred iwunds. It has
since been discovered that this spot contains a ricil
vein of silver ore, for the produce of which Mr.
Tucker has recently been ofTered ffieen Mumma
rounds per antra:oolpm grantieg a kase of tin
wine fur twenty-one
_years.