The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1820-08-04 00:00:00

SURREY THEATRE.

r HIS EVES(6I6, FHIL/AY, August 4,
_1 and TO-MORROW, SATURDAY, will be presented
an entirely new Cumic Markus, with new and selected
Music, called
WHEELS WITHIN WHEELS.

rol. Saietrille, Mr. Payee; M►. Belford, Mr. Between;
Lafleur, Mr. Wyatt ; Cabriel, Mr. Fitawilliam. Mita Bel.
lord, Miss Poole; Maria► Miss Copeland.
After which (I lilt time these two Seasons) a grand Legendary
Melo.drame, in three short Acts, under the title of
RICHARD THE FIRST.

To eouclude with a Nibtic Reading of Mr. T. Dibdia's fa.
yourile Puniomitnie Extravaganzatic Burled'', with alte-
rations aud addiiiows, called
HARLEQUIN HOAX;

OR, A PANTOMIME PROPOSED.
Ruxes,46.—Pd, Ir.

Doors open at Half-past Five, begin at Haltpast Six.
nalf.priee at Half-past Eight.
.

Next Tuesday will be rerived the Melo•draroe called The
Abbot of Sa• Marilee.

A new grand Serious iltlo•drame will be produced the
week after nett.
A Comic Barletta Spectacle is in forward preparation.

yrilE ESSENCE of PEARL and PEARL
Jll DENTIFRICE, invented by the late Jacob Hemet,
Dentist to the Royal Family, have been proved by long ex-
perience to really excel, both in elegance and efficacy,
every other preparation for the Teeth and Gams; they et.
fectually preserve the Teeth iii a cored slate eye,' to old age,
moles. them white and beautiful without impairing the
enamel, fasten such as are louse, and keep such as are de-
cayed from becoming won*. They likewise reticle!' the
breath delicately sweet, prevent the Tooth-Ache, perfectly
curs the Scurvy in the Gams, and make them grow firm cud
close to the Teeth.—The Essence is particularly recum-
trended to Parents and Persons who, have the care of
Children as the greatest penetrative of young and leather
Teeth. Nose are genuine but what have the words,
"J. Hemet, Bayley and Blew, Cocksper-street," engraved
in the Stamp. Price Ss. ed. each.
BAYLEY's TRUE ESSENTIAL SALT of LEMONS,
for taking lab Spots and Stains out of Lace and Linen. The
genuine is signed " W. Bayley" os the Box and Wrapper.
Also bin SCOURING DROPS, fur taking Grease out of
Stlk, Staff, Wasik. Cloth, ice. price Is. each.
VERITABLE POMSIADE DIVINE, price 3s. ed. the
011111111.
Stol4, Wholesale and Retail, by Bayley sod Blew, Per-
fumers, Cockspar.strest, London. `te

NO TIME TO LOSE, IF YOU WANT FAVOURITE

OR PARTICULAR ISCIIBERS.
TBISt-I, aide C settle. Int. the I,oltrry. begs
e leave must reoper troll', to "invalid his heed Friends,
the Public, that the New Lottery runsiste of only b,NOO
Tickets, the whole of which are on sale, a. T. SISII does not
intend to reserve any. And as the Lottery is not to be drawn
in Chigoes, Adventurers may baireany prirticeln or favourite
Number', from No. 1 to 5,600, inclusive; bal./row the
another al Tartlets leing so limited, anti the Sachets* appear.
ieg to he generally approred, their i• nut any time to he
lint ; for aith.aatzb sane 31 I any anniher may ha bad, yet
v.' a stkortly, swiey Si, an steamed In Tamar, and the acres-
,/ n of *applying Irelaad, nail the Ayeate is the Counts*,
the Numbers wanted may be iii.powerd of. An early spoleca-
-1:01., theirtort, to prevent disappotalinent, is strongly re.
commended to be made to the Connector's Offices, Nu. 4,
eninhil!, or No. 9, Charitopeross ; or to any other (lice Ike
I'n,rhessrrr way //du proper lo fi tour with AM Cortemsands.
The Weenie contains Two &Nisei. of £lO,OllO,
And various ulbrr Capitals, all 111 Sterling Money!
Al to be drawn is One Day, 30th of this Mouth, AUGUST.
There are €11,2110 extra in Muses!
In all whirl every poschirwr will portietpaie, (whether he
ourrheme at the Contractor's I.lllsere, or at tames
of any other Oftice.koeper.
flas Lottery every Tided will be yet isle leo Wiwi,
and each nUI Beside Hs OWN fats, ♦ND NO OTHER.
Ticket* and Shares ere telling by 11ISH, Sok Contractor,
N't 4, Carotid!, and 9, awing-crass.
'.• 11* prices of Stock• are paired, tinnily, aga i not
I"`Il'4 Oftiec in Corubill, by which the Politic eau ere the
ON( luetiew.

The preceding statement might have been thought unne-
cessary, if it had nut evid►ntly appeared that the attempt to
!scine the repeal of the deity on wool would be repeated ;
therefore we must be prepared to resist these unreasonable
attacks, and by no means repose under the idea that the
question is at rest. This is nut the case ; nor is this the
only poiut orewhich we should be on our gourd. It seems
incumbent on me to take advantage of the present occasion
to Notice a still mere important and alarming rittaet that
bas beau lately made on the loaded unmet, that is, the swa-
m and occupiers of land, by the petitions, speeches, sail
publications of the merehants'and others, respecting the
restrictions on foreign commerce. Their applications to
Parliament are a string of mere abstract propositions, con-
tained in plausible, sophistic's!, and artfully constructed
ma.tences, calculated to delnde suit mislead those who,
through ignorance of such subjects, are incapable of compe-
tent discrimination. These Petitions, and some secumpa.
vying speeches of extraordinary flippancy, denounce our
Corn and our Navigation Law., the severed and • 11 prin-
ciples of which have justly been considered, the one as our
great pr live against famine, the other as the guardian
uf our naval prosperity. It must out be supposed that these
observations are intruded to apply to the British merchants
generally, than whom a more respectable body does not
exist, iir men of more liberality and good sense, but to the
reforming theorists, who would risk the bet interests of the
state to gratify their speculations. The object seems to be
to charge every tostitutiou, mei hill tttt and system that has
been sanctioned by the experience of ages. Freedom (rum
restriction might indeed beutfit and increase the profits
of the individual merchant, but it will he at the ex-
pense of the country at large. Whenever the importation
from other countries depresses the value, and there-
fore checks the produce of our own country, it is must
injurious to our resources and to the sistion. Foreign
commerce is beneficial, when it respects these arlicl,a
which cannot be raised at home, anti promotes the ex-
portation of such produce and manufacture as this country
can furnish to advantage. Neither diplomatic negociation,
nor treaty, can secure the admittion of our experts into
other memories, whet, those countries can obtain t►em
cheaper or better elsewhere.

Tie presumption of sculling delegates to oppose the de-
clarations of hostility against the revisal of the Corn Laws,
sod the opinions offered to the Legislature, were must ex-
traordinary. Is it out evident that some me is neces-
sary is support of the agriculture of the coantry? Is it not
known from the accounts laid before Parliament, that in
1817 and 1818, grid., nod flour, to Ibe amount in value of
21,03,5241., were imported into Great Britain; and that io
1800 sud 1801 an equal sum went to the encouragement of
foreign agriculture, and consequently to the depression of
our ewe ? Thus upwards of 40 millions weldor were thrown
into the lodinate of trade against this country, in the course
of four years, for an article, every grain of u bich might have
been grown In the United Kingdom, if better policy had
existed, and due eticourageinesd had been given to the cal-
tivetiow of our waste lands, whereby the whole of one people
would have been profitably occupied, and those who are now
considered all the greatest Indite,' to the state, and sent to
distant regions, would have beru beueficially employed at
borne.

le • fernier Report I slated, that if tillage should fail,
or our harvest be deficient, so far that we should want
sinnetbing snore than two months' consumption, all our
wealth, and all the measures which it is possilile So adopt,
would out secure to um ■ s•flicieut supply. The public is,
perhaps, riot fully aware of the callosity that may arise
from • drerease of tillage and increase of populati .... .
To explain the above assent it is necessary to observe,
that the quaiitity of wheat that came from sb.nail in the
year 1796 amounted to *20,391 quarters, and 295,960 cwt.
of flour, one-third more than hail ever been imported
before, yet there was only a sufficieucy for She rowdiest'.
hou of law-f/irds of the people for tAir/,•wise dugs 1,.
And of that quantity 753,356 quarters came from the
Plunk of Europe. The impursatiou of wheat and fluor into
Great Britain fur the year litult (the flour being reilsired
iulu quarters) was 1,976,108 gunnels, w►tch was 369,015
quarter• inure Man had been imported iu 1796, math the
largest importation that bad ever taken place, mid Wee only
a sufficiency fu► fifty eight days subsistence fur eight mil.
liens people; although every practicable mesas hot lwet,
reed by bometteosaid oillterwisw to racism the Mint sup-
ply possible.
It has beau artfully sod unfairly proclaimed, that airy if •

• Alle*iig siseAbird 1. feed Ns bariejer.l owes ►reed,
rotative% Ike.

Os the rents of lands depend a thousand engagements
and established distribution of labour and comfor►, whieb
must give way with the rents thems..ltes. And us far as the
prier of grabs is concerned, the difference between what is
dressiest a high and moderate rest goes but little way so the
expense of tillage. The object of the agriculteral yeti-
tioes was merely to obtain protection from an overflow
of foreign goats'. They did nut propose any thing that
would raise the price of corn, but they prayed fur ■u
examination whether she law answers the iuteudrst pur-
pose, .or atwitter the limitation on the admission of
grain is sufficiently high or not ; and whether, ust inquiry
mad examinants,,, any alteration would be hound nereasary.
A more respectable body of petitioners never applied to
Parliament on any occasion. The petitlues canoe from
every county and district in England; from almost the
whole of the agricultural population of the kingdom; yet
these Peliiiimers, thus 1141111(11.11111 sad Hies respectable, hare
been subjected to a severe degree of inurtificatioa ; they
have just cease to be dirg•sted by the tiesinsent of their
Petitions, by the frivolous and trifling manner in which
they have brew dismissed. The disgraceful mode of over-
ruh•g • decision of the House by the weight of influence,
which, if it did not encourage sureties to the prayer of the
Petitions, should at least have been neutral, will nut be fur.
gotten We cannot conceive a more injudicious policy than
that of thus. disgusting the landowner and occupier, who
have at no time deviated from the paths of true loyalty and
patriotism. The House decided generally that the Com-
mittee 666111 d inquire into the allegations; but the
next day, the Committee was instructed not to attend
to the prayer of the Petitions, nor even permitted to make
an twittery into the general question of the averages as
applied to the kingdom at large, boot were restricted to
an examination of abuses in the mode of taking the ave.
rages its the sansiffese dW►ict,' may, • rosined** which
could not satisfy the prayer of say ea• of the Petitions.
Sods was Ilse fatal opposition our Petitions have experieue-
eel ; sod that opposition is in • great measure to be attribut-
eti to the notion, that the agricultural question is not tom.
pletely distinct from the commercial. It is attempted to
mix the complaints respecting foreign commerce with the
case of the akculei oo ioo s, with which they have **thing to
do, unless those who wish to promote a revolution of all
our ancient principles and establishment mean to propose
an absolutely free trade he carat —Such • .
would soulonbiedly soon reduce the growth of that ar-
ticle in this rummy its a degree frightful to emblem.
plate, and greatly below what mere theorists imagine, de-
priving a large proportion of oar most useful population of
employment, rendering its completely drpendsnt on oilier
tou•tries for our subsistence, and that dependence liable to
all the vicissitudes of seassolos, of war, of caprice, of niterest-
eol projects and political views of other countries., the result
of which ion.vitahly sunlit be a liability to the extreme of fa-
mine. A secure am) primmert protecting duty in all rases,
•g:unst an overwhelming import:ltems of fon riga gram and fo-
reign woof, is the encouragement the agriculturists require.
Confidence should by all means be restored to them. Their
Valise is so good, and the Intel est of the country is so deeply
concerned, that they should not be dispirited ; un the con-
trary, they should be encouraged by the gement feeling of the
country and the neceosity of the case, with firmness to reale-
rale their applications, which, when the object of thew is
properly understood, will have their dee effect. At present
their prospects are must unpromising. The y are diseuaroged
from a due expenditure of capital, not only for the permit.
netst improvement of land, but even fur the ordinary course
of husbandry, by apprehensions arising from the totmeorse
importations of gram and wool. Unless the warehousing
of corn is relinquished, it will be impossible to prevent our
markets from being 'Julie') with that article from abroad.
Nor will the measures adopted respecting the averages, pro-
duce any very essential and important beurtits. At present
foreigners suet tenders are allowed to enroch themselves to the
injury of the Britten farmers, and the country in general.
Those who have not already wasted their capital i• milieu-
Stable cultivation of the soil, are withdrawing, or preparing
to withdraw it. 'Floc expense of tillage has su greatly in-
creased, that if the lend console be turned to pasinro., by
which many thousands would he throwu one of employ.
meet, they will find it much more prudent its suffer the in-
ferior soils to lie waste, rather than incur the heavy load of
tithes", taxes, pour.rates, snit assesentents, owl 11111 the ri►k
of as inadequate price fur their unprotected produce.

The Report was received with meth approbation by the
seeming, who expressed themselves faHy mestble of the
obligations they were louder to Lord Sheffield. fur his (Ins-
tiller., •ttentum to their Interest, end his exertions in the
cause of agriculture, and of the country in general.
The brain' of Mr. Webb /tall. proposed by Mr Ellman,
jnn. was drunk with mush emigrate fur his zeal and see-
vices in the Willie stn ar.

As usual, very lints bushiera was done at the fair, but
since...sera, pare. Is have sold from 171 d. to 18d. pre pound,
and there is ICIII4III to expect that moue will be SOW Sllll
lather.
The account is coadirosed that several wool•Rrowers in
Norfolk knee sold South Wino wool Alice Thetford fair at
1..9d. per pound ; mud some cross breed between the Lei-
crater and South Dawn have been sold at la. lid. per
pound. It is supposed ,bare prices are gives by the Norwich

f Commercial amen might have ample employment on the
subject of the embarrasalestiate in Auriga trade; and in
that it is MOP( ointerey hoped Orel may be autemarel, with-
um any mcrilice of the lauded inbound to eimmearesol epo.

esll4li;4.

. .

to the Conestoga, American *hip, jolt arrived at'
Gyremirk, Irwu Philadelphia, upwards uV darn,
petals's have returned home, nhu had ettaighttet
to the United States buts siMrt,titae ago. Oft
sit ut the Niter dater*.
•

Me. Rieerdo is certainly much indebted to the Reviewers
for the clear, implicit, and courts' (causer I's which they
here detail hi• priuctp!es of political economy; but be
would have beets still more indebted to them, had they ac•
k•owledged these principles to he his, and nut attempted to
psis them on the reader foi. their own.
Is the recent and existinc preamble fur power tsetse?*
the Whigs and the Teri's, the former have gewevally
inosopolieeil nearly the whole science which has brio dis-
played in Parliament, while the latter are sot only deplor-
ably ignorant, but are eves coneeioes of • total west of
information ton many subject*, on which, as Ministers, it is
sircessary for their leaders to decide. On no our subject has
this modest asosteioussieis of ignorance beets more cosispien•
wilily displayed. than on that of Political Ecossissap, on
whirl, these er Miristcr► have, with the most perfect
array. seen themselves impelled from side to side, like a
polities! aberitisoesek, ►y that mote losnred oppearotal
sled it may be skurbied, whether they have bees wired to
the adoption of the most mignon measures with • view to
create, or rather to augment, their own isupopularily, or
whether their prompters have really themselves been de-
ceived. The Reviewers must accurately state, that "In all
the ',times, eneept those which relate to number sad quan-
tity, • principle is nothing more than a general rule, ascer-
tained by the process of induction, from as exaniisstion of
particular cases. To lay down • principle, therefore, is
merely to assert that some one all, sbute ur circumstance
is common to a whole class of phenomena ; and if upon
aristal observation, or experiment, this attribute is found
•ot to be common to the class, the assumed principle must
necessarily be ei 44444 eous " By this just aid well-defined
rule we shall proceed to examine some of the principles laid
down by the Reviewers. "In old and advanced countries
(say they), the great obstacle to the farther isereaseof wealth
and population is the reduced effective power of agricul.
!oral industry, loos:hi on by the oecessity or resorting to in.
ferior soils fur additional supplies of raw produce." We scald
sill the Reviewers, to what countries they alluded by the
terms " old and ad d?" France is older in civilization
than England; lent the latter has made the most rapid advisee
in wealth, and is undoubtedly the country, the present situa-
tion of which the Reviewers intend to elucidate. That the is-
recur of population causes recourse to be hail to isiferior soil.,
and that the cultivation of oar.ior soils leads directly lo re-
dnee the profile of stock, we most readily admit; but that the
present general distress its the British islands arises prissei-
pally from this cause, we most pointedly dewy. Denim the
greater part of the wars of the French Revolution, these
islands were reduced to dep►nd for subsistence on their own
production, in • much greater degree than they boil been for
the period previous to the war, or fur that since the peace
took pincer During the war the population increased with
a rapidity unprecedented in these islands, a sure proof that
wealth «as not then on the decline ; n•d iu no equal period
of our history was such a rapid advance made in the culti-
vation of our soil, both by the increased application of ca-
pital on the more fertile lands, and by recurrence to soils
very inferior to what have been cultivated since the peace.
For it seems to have escaped Ilse Reviewer"? consideration
that the first breaking up of inferior soda g Ily resisters
them very far superior to what they were before, and that
continued cultivation often changes them into land of good
quality. If therefore during • period of twenty Vetere
of our most extraordinary recurrence from bad to worse
soils for our subsistence, this gesseal distress was not
felt, bat commenced at a period who supplies of
food horn fnreigst countries, made it both nosteessary
mad unprofitable to knee further remorse to iaferior soils,
and continued gradually increasing through five years, dur-
ing shich some of the worst lands were annually thrown
out of cultivation, we must look to some other cause or
causes for the present prevalent distress, " than the neces-
sity of resorting to inferior soils for addir 1 supplies of
raw produce."—" From the year 1813 to this of 1820, our
climate has ant changed ; our sun is as warm ; our admi-
rable machinery fur the alsridgment and perfectiag of la-
bour has in no way deteriorated; our working classes have
as yet Io•t nothing of their wonted industry, comfy, and
skill," and we certaiely do not sow cultivate such inferior
souls as we did
commons was at the height; yet in these *even years the
country has sank from prosperity to a state of unprece-
dented misery, sod we conceive that a very adequate and
coincident cause may be pointed out as producing this ef-
fect, and one which would not have escaped the sagacity of
Ilse Reviewers, hail it not beer called into adios at the ur-
gent instance of that political party which the Reviewers
have embraced.

All political economists have admitted that taxes laid on
I:annul-vs moat ultimately fall on the capital which employs
these labourers, because the wages of labour consist is she
necessaries which the labourer receives in recompense fur
Iris toil, rather this in the money with which he frequeutly
boys these Necessaries ; whatever therefore teuda to enhance
the price of those commodities which the labourer con-
sumes, tends at she same lime to diminish the profit on the
stock which employs the labourer. It is also nearly self.
evident, that the higher the rate of taxation affecting income
is carried, the lowe► the rate of profit mast become. All
toms, therefore, which are paid, either by the labourer, ur
by thr agriculturist, manufacturer, ur me►chant, become
ultimately diminutions to the profit of stock; and there-
fore, as taxes affecting the lower and middle classes alveoli-
oriented, so in proportion the profits on stock must fall, and
the eneoeragement to vest it in the employment of labour,
must consequently diatioish.

This is exactly what has taken place through the urgent
instance of the political party with which the Reviewers
act. Its 1813, the circulation was altogether paper, which,
from the time of the restriction 011 the Bank of Eagland,
hail gradually become depreciated till two pounds money of
Ilse Mint, would exchange fur about three pounds of the tie-
claiming paper; but as the public burdens (lazes, tithes, and
pour rates), mounting to about ninety millions, were then
payable in this depreciated paper, so is fact our public bur-
dens for that year did in reality amoral only so about sixty
millions of Mint money. la the propels' however, of our
return to a metallic currency of the old Mint standard, a
regard to its own interest, obliged the Bask of England to
narrow its discomfits, till its piper should be brought to an
equal value with the metal, which might be demanded i•
exchange for it; and thus iu 1820 the public burdens (taxes,
tithes, and poor•rates), amountiug to about thirty millions
is reality, as well as nominally, are in fact about nue-third
score consideralide thaw they were in 1813. The proportion
also of the taxes which fall on the lower and middle classes
is at pettiest much greater than it was in 1813, so that we
may probably mot be far distant from the troth, inestimatiog
the proportion of the income derived from capital employed
in industry, which is at present absorbed by the payment of
public burdens, at about double what it was is 1813. This
we conceive in be • much more probable *Wallies' of the
cause of the present distress, !bail the, reconcile to the culti-
vation of inferior soils, which have sot in fact been had re-
CIotSCH to, during the last Ave years of this progressive
distress.
Although we perfectly join the Reviewers is thinking that
nothing mkt be More fallacious then Mr. °sees idea, that
die waist of employinest originalsx in our abesidost me.
ebeaary; being convinced, that until the desire of enjoyment
i obeli become halted in the harm sled, weal of employ.
mem can natty be eaceteaseed either by went of capital. IN rf
esSeient iseleemeat to nark" capital in industry by the
sae greet reduction of tbe petrel peals of stock : yet we
eve by no wafts es eatadeat that lead, sioesber good we
Legit cement be caltivaled ea the plea et Mr. Owea's nib
•

lags, with advantage both to MO iidlvoloals add to the
:potent at large. We ha.. Veal dm** *better W 41411,01
car be PO trained as to exert therseelbee in imllllslrY fit lb.
'brisefit of a common stuck; hot if such exertion elan be
generally inelneed, we should then enteitei• little JasM of
thr puree.. of Mr. Owet.'s plies; having witnessed tie eery
'commies! ni is which a no wears. **tie 17 ran le ft;
clothed, and Weed, in comparison of what the ntainitc.:l•••e
of the same number of people eroehl cost twists detarlosl •
separate fasiihrs. The Reviewers very tileriesp'•er,`}
mirk, that " Nle. Owen jailer I 'modes he can one all
those difficulties by the ad..ption of spade eultiimion ; but
we tell him, waitrons fear of row rasletiori, that spade eelti-
vaill)ll, all far from being capable of etre miracles he
steppers, is less profitelde than rnhitaiiou by the Wolter.
Why, in the improved husbandry of this enontry, has it
spade been in so great a degree sopplamed hy the phenyl.
Only bersure experience has conameed the farmer that lean
plough is the cheapest instrument of prodricirn, n 8.4 by
mnployiiic it he obtains a greater eel misdate." lie Cos
question and answer, the•ltentiewers seen. to 'Melt 164 tb,
subj. el is .11.1 at rest. We, !warmer, have here the
tuft* to differ very widely floor them. In a thinly roh.stoird
country, such a• America, there ilo• wage. of human tabour
•re high, and where the prier and ealteisterree of elution p.e
you may perhaps sometimes proem., the lationr of hall-
n-dorin lowers, fur as little money 114 rots would he id.1.y.:4
to pay for that of out man ; wick In the 0n....1 popots
provinces of China the Ishotir of men con b. pr..ro,.•f,
not only at the prier of that of one horse, but es. n it !1-.•
price of that of our strong workeng holm. lc. The riaini•l
and NIT rrrrr e conseepritres fanner, io these too .I.ffirr,t
stairs socioy. In America man is reset,- employed
sly work, winch can he performs& by horses, and w 16!
wood populous parts of China she plough is fit %el- 110...1.
That the experience of the firitish farmers has prov.il to
there Shut the plough was superior to the 1/11110 !11141111111%.
in one stage of populat 44444 we have not the einellrst rloistri ;
and we Can have just as Wile doubt, that If Ilse popularvo
of this country. should continue in i , • le 1104 141.1
maitre when their experomee will squally prove to them
That the epode re superior to the plough fill all soils. Ns
vertheless, this lesson will ilia Ile illngl.l 1111.111 y soon on all
deveripl of land: brokers, rawly, deep how; soils,
will be adtranineeetisly collimated write the •pade loot before
the plumb rag be ,protilahly givsn up on more lev. 1. &Inn°.
andel. y lands. Wliethrr we have ysi err lard at ill:II rim.,
Of population when the pp Or ran with propriety he a..opit 4
on any soil for general cultivation, we wet out prr,iume fr„.
sitively in any ; at the same time we canuot but Mink, th it
if other employment rearmost he proctored fur a large propo.-
lion of the people, it would he better so locale moor of Otto%
in Mr. Otreres proposed villages, slime they would as t
earn part, if not the whole, of their subsistsnee, than to let
theist either remain in absolet• idleness, or to em nine then.,
according to toed Castlereagh'. digging holes and
filling them up again—by neither of which roods• they
would contribute, iu any degree, so their own support.
The Itsviewers observe, " we would mayn't to his (Me.
Owen's) auher-minded consideration, whether the dividiair
the country into districts or farms of • thousand seers earl.,
could improve the quality of those inferior role, Jo who
we are obliged to resort for the supply of food." Ts. whom
we most unequivocally reply, that a few years of smirk la-
bour would must Certainly convert many of our
eery good and productive soils, while it could scarcity he
applied to Roy of them, without greatly impr..viiie their yea.
lily. Hut Ikt spirit in which the Reviewers have written,
may be gathered from Ore following paragraph: it We wouli
entreat him to explain in what way the erection of villagss,
in the form of parallelogram", could repeal those reset.
meals against foreign trade, which use • disgrace to Opiate
we live is." It halo seldom tallest to our lot to remark on a
more flippant or a more misplaced starer than this; is there
any thing ridiculous in ills form chosen by Mr. Owen for
his projected villages? or has he had any part in enacting
the statutes complained of !—Stalutee, God knows! many of
them highly absurd, and seriously injurious to the country,
bat must of them adopted at the special instance and ea-
treaty of our mere boots and manufacturer..

1 " For ourselves, we du not despair of our coontry." lay
the Reviewers; "and we have no objection to 11111 C 1011,
in our opinion, world restore the kingdom to its overt fkm-
rishimt couditios. Give freedom to commerce, and tighten
the pressure of taxation, and we shall have MP comp( R
iu our streets. As commerce is always an eschewer of et...
Talents, • nation that will nest bay cannot sell, sad f?1,111,•-
lions upon import are prohibitory dents upon export ; ten
the contrary, the more we admit the productions of (mews
countries, the more extensive become their demand for our
commodities. Let the absurd eyed'm of our Corn I.a•s he
cautiously and gradually abolished, and allow the rhesp
agricultural produce of the North of Europe, and of the
Coutiorats of America and Afeica to be freely introduced,
and we shall obiaiu so unlimited vent fur our inanufseieres ;
the profits of stock will be restored to their level to other
cowries, and the consequent accumulatiou of capital will
ease, the increasing dentaud for labour to bear s newer
proportion to the increasing supply of labourers " W. a.
little despair of our country as the Reviewers possibly eve
do. We coercive there is requisite only a little commie .
sense, aud a little common honesty, in lnciiieg the sitsie•
of this mighty kiugdoen, in order to rarry it to a degree Li
port r mod of prosperity which it has ne see yet approached.
But, although we consider • FIRS ECTLY Filen TRADE:
accompanied by its necessary •tseieelneis, a totAl eleslitioir
of the Exton mid Customs, with their oilmen's'. officers, us
• neceacaly step toweleds its ultimate pro, pertly, yet we (Yo-
nder it as use which ought to follow, but by no mesas 1,3
precede, a total change its oar system of mention. The
commercial petitions, whist's() Nearly advocate the principle,'
of the Edie.burgh Heiieners as to make it not improbsblw
that they originated with 'bens, hold out as the grand lianas
Cell against all our evils—A /RR; TRADC IX CORN; bet
they would nut disturb the existing duties, because they
would not cripple the revenue. Yet we,on the contrary, ctn.!
crier, that corn is the very last article to which this free nadir
ought to be extended; because the wages of labour, sad the
profits of industry, are so heavily taxed io this country, that,
if our flamers had their lands free of reed, still they could by
no
means Centrally compete with the foreign corn, even iw
our writ minket; those only who occupied the superior quali-
ties of land,cou Id in such case continue their cultivation ; noel
the inferior qual i t its, &meowing to petioles half our territory,
must be redeemed to grass. But what most be the unworn.
ahle consequence of our coming to depend for a large pro-
portion of our subsistence on foreigners? That the first
year of g I scarcity in those countries, f,om which we
commonly draw our most considerable supplies, steroid shot
their exportation against us. and we must be sobjeried Is.
famine instead of scarcity. This is not a casualty ants Igo ly
to happen ; seldom have seen'', years passed away w shout
producing more than one ',sena of general t•y over
Europe, which has out itufrequeoily extended to North Ame-
rica. Whence then are we to draw our supplies? Ftont
Africa, is its present stale, is too abased a proptnitiou 1..•
merit a single 'owl venue. But this is sot the only risk
' we should run in adopting such au insprontkol System :
we have had recent experience that evert " a Heaves-hurt
Moister" could nut keep a small proportion of the ports of
Europa open to our commerce, not that hie suctworties were
equally uosoccenfid with regard to those of America. Hof
our Government attained tom ninth wisdom. as IWO, Opus .
to be exposed Its fully ? ire has Hee Holy Alliance settered
as agate., a possibility of recurrence to tbe sword? The
atweeat of ear standing army resold sot abdicate *Kb it be.
We have hitherto bet toe much cultiested foreius tom-
unereevwhich, though sometimes a rapid, has hoes always
as usetable road to wealth; which has beta the *tilde of
moot of aid went, sod the priseirel cause uf tier peewee
overwheltaieyi debt. Altheihrb palliwileee may be humid..
Owed to our sorsaral distress, yet we limb believe am" t
serious permanent improvement its tier coed Woo, will. .1
lede-d, said we procures Legislature whose littlish".
Rigid