The Sun.
London, England, 1855-01-03 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING; JANUARY 3, 1855.

THE MAGAZIN:LS,

iAberdeen
D. No. '2, 7 p. c

97 -- 100 '
89 - 91

-- -~

Rackilood.-01,1 Ebony commences the New
Er ;11 \V iV.:I t!!C:
is opposed to our own views, when we feel strongly
against the conclusions it attempts to establish,
we are compelled to recognise the extraordinary
ability, the powerful arguments with which it urges
its own opinions. In the present instance, how-
ever, there is no conflict. We feel in common
with every independent journal—we may say with
every independent man, whether Whig, Tory, or
Radical, Conservative or Liberal (the distinction
between Protectionist and Free-trader no longer
exists)—that " the conduct of the war" has not I
been creditable to Ministers. Nay more, that
it has been so grossly mismanaged as to merit grave
censure from every one save the " waiters on Pro-
vidence," the hacks who are anxiously looking
forward to the crumbs that fall from the Ministe•
rial table. That Government was equally misled
with the nation, that it participated in a common
error, is no excuse. In the first place, we deny
the fact. We distinctly and positively assert that
the people were not thus misled ; but that the
Aberdeen twaddle respecting peace was alto-
gether opposed to public opinion. But were it
otherwise, it would constitute no sufficient excuse
for the grievous mistakes. On this point we shall
extract a few sentences from the veteran :
" We erred in our confidence, in common with the
publics at large !' Good heavens ! has it come to this,
that a British Minister, in a matter most vital to the
interests of the country, excuses himself and his col-
leagues for a hideous error in the conduct of a campaign,
on the ground that ' the public at large' shared in the
same delusion ? What did—what could the public know
about Sebastopol, a fortress to which foreigners have,
through Russian jealousy, been denied access for years
—a place of strength over which hung a mystery
which appeared almost impenetrable. If the Go-
vernment really knew no more about Sebastopol
than did the best informed of the public, before
they determined upon sending to the Crimea an army
which, when once landed, must either die before the for-
tress, or carry it by breach and assault, they are answer-
able before God and man for every life that kas been
lost in the attempt, But we do not believe anything of
the kind. Their information may have been faulty, in-
correct, or insufficient; but we will not accept, even from
their .own lips, an acknowledgment that they acted
utterly in the dark."
Ebony is equally decided in the condemnation of
the unconstitutional force foisted on the indignant
nation with irresistible force. He urges many of
the points which we have already put forward.
The following is so apposite that though there are
many urgent demands on our space we cannot re-
sist inserting it
"That a Polish legion might be embodied with great
effect we do not doubt ; but it must be remembered
that the Polish war of liberation, and the subsequent
emigration, or rather exile, took place more than twenty
years ago ; and with every reliance on the gallantry of
the men who might join it, it is hardly possible to trust
to their physique. Besides, as Sir Lytton Bulwer very
properly stated the case, the enrolment of a Polish legion,
on an occasion like this, would be an implied pledge
that, in the event of Russian defeat, Polish nationality
should be restored. That may possibly, in the course of
events, become another 'necessity' for Europe ; and if
ss, we shall rejoice at it ; for, no doubt, the partition of
Poland has been a cancer in the European body.
But are Ministers prepared to take this step ! We do
not think so. It is a measure too bold for their adop-
tion. They would rather have the fancy troops, levied
from the Jenkins Gruffanuffs of Hesse-this or Saxe-the-
other, than take the men whose hatred to Russia is
undying. If so, aley are doubly wrong. The Poles
would fight to the death against their hereditary enemy ;
while the trained soldiers of the petty principalities,
laving no actual call to the contest beyond their stipend
of a shilling English, or as they would reckon it,
six-and-thirty kreutzers per day, would take to
their heels at the first discharge. We do not ques-
tion the courage of the German people, or their
aptitude to become good soldiers ; but we say
that you cannot get trained men from the minor
German States to fight your battles in the East. We
take it for granted that even the second-rate powers of
Europe will oppose enlistment within their territories,
for such permission would in fact be tantamount to a
declaration of war with Russia. So long as the Ger-
manic Diet preserves neutrality4ou cannot raise men in
Germany with the consent of thervereigns. You may
indeed get men from Germany—that is to say, emigrant
outcasts, refugees, deserters, and what not • but is it
really proposed to send regiments composed of such
material to the Crimea ? We do hope, for the safety of
our army, that Ministers do not entertain any such in-
tention. What dependence can be placed upon a legion
of men; fighting not for their own country, their own
sovereign, or their own faith, but simply for a mise-
rable hire ? If we are told that in former times mercenaries
made good soldiers, and that the Dalgetties, though
they might change their service so soon as their engage-
ment expired, did nevertheless remain true to their
covenant, we shall reply that the class of men who com-
posed the mercenaries of the Thirty-years' War no
longer exists in Europe ; and that, if they did exist,
war as new conducted would no longei admit of their
employment.: Is there no danger cf hired troops flinch•.
ino• in the hour of danger —ie there no risk of their de

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In addition there is an admirable article on
" Civilisation—the Census." The matter pecu-
liarly touched on being the defective education of
the people.
The second part of " Zaidee" fully maintains the
high promise afforded by the introductory number.
There is also the " Rural Economy of Great
Britain," an elaborate review, the writings in
which (although high praise is given) it seems to
us that scarcely justice is done to one of our
greatest living authors respecting his female..cha-
racters. "Peace and Patriotism" contains some-
stirring truths. It may be regarded as a second
political article. "The Story of the Campaign"
(part 2) will be read with intense delight by all
who wish to see an accurate epitome of the spirit-
stirring events that occurred subsequently to the
Alma—from the time of taking up the position
before Sebastopol to the end of November. On the
whole, wo have seldom seen a better number of
Blackwood, and that we feel to be no trifling praise.

Duulirr University.--A now story is commenced
in this number, which is entitled "The Lichten-
steiners, or Convert-makers." It promises to be
interesting, and the principal characters are already
plunged into mysterious perplexities. The scene
is very well sketched, in which the hero, Dorn, and
the two unfortunate ladies, are dragged into the
presence of the Duke of Friedland. In his calm
self-possession and intrepidity, the young man con-
trived to gain some signal favours from the stern
and haughty chief that every one dreaded. Katha-
rine, the wife of the merchant Fissel, is of a very
energetic and determined disposition. Abraham
Scimble's will is a very curious legend of an inter-
minable strife occasioned by the wording of a will.
The money was left to whichever of the two cousins
first attained his majority. One of them happen-
ed to be in Paris, and the other in London, on the
last day of the year. By an ingenious contrivance
the former arranged to prove his certificates of ma-
jority exactly at midnight ; and the time being ten
minutes in advance of that of London, when the
candidate in that town presented himself before the
lawyer the agreeable intelligence was conveyed to
him by electric telegraph that he had been sup-
planted by him, who was really three hours his
junior, but that difference was not recognised by the
law, both being born on the same day. However,
the case was not decided. The two claimants went
over to Cincinnati to finish the dispute, the will
having been made there. The only conclusion
come to by all parties was, that whichever suc-
ceeded of the litigants he would not be a penny
the richer. "The Dramatic Writers of Ireland"
contains a long series of names, more or less cele-

brated. It is observed in the commencement that
" Ireland has furnished a quota in every depart-
ment of literature ; the names she has contributed
to dramatic composition in particular are numerous
and eminent." The first mentioned is Burnett,
who composed in 1639. "Foreign Crime and Cre-
dulity" is an article relating to some strange pecu-
liarities of our continental neighbours. It is ob-
served that the great characteristic of British crime
is stupidity, and that of the continent vivacity ;
hence, here the wicked seem simply despised,
abroad.they meet with sympathy. In "The Session
Extraordinary," after having epitomised the busi-
ness transacted, it is declared " that the only mea-
sures laid before Parliament were not urgent, and
could afford no immeliat© relief ; while the Fo-
reign Enlistment Bill' was at once ineffectual, un-
constitutional, injurious to the public spirit of the
country, and encouraging to the enemy." There
are some pleasing verses to be met with. The lines
on " Now-Year's Day" are distinguished by a
melancholy spirit, but they are full of feeling, and
their tone is taken from the words expressed in them,
" Rejoice with Trembling.

Coiburit's New Monthly.—" The Elopement" is
a very strange story, which relates the adventures
of a romantic young lady and her scheming mother.
It is not very probable, but it may please the ad-
inirers of the exciting and the sentimental. "The
Sister of the Hotel Dieu " is concluded in this
number ; it is very melancholy. " Polperro,"
which is rather a singular story, is continued.
" Wanted, a Wife," is a remarkable coincidence,
amusingly narrated ; but it is very questionable
whether such modes of proceeding would generally
turn out so successful. The series of papers on " The
Eighteenth Century" is this month devoted to the
literature of that period. A long list of celebri-
ties is introduced at the commencement, which
verifies the assertion made that this century saw
many authors whose works have become standard.
It is, on the whole, an interesting article, and con-
tains a great deal of information in a small space,
which will please those who delight to take a retro-

spective glance. at the " Manners and Customs of
our Grandfathers." The most worthy of notice
among the contents is " Heroic Incidents of the
War." In this paper is collected tof.re,ther qeriel
of the nic,it st.riking exploits that have occurred
during the recent struggle. They are told in a
spiritA style, and must attract attention and in-
terest. They are introduced to the notice of the
reader in the following lines, which will exemplify
their purport and teuour :
" HEROIC INCIDENTS OF THE WAR.
"Traits of heroism, acts of personal prowess, feats of
daring, instances of unilicching resolve and of the most
exemplary fortitude and endurance under trying circum-
stances of climate and exposure, as well as of actual
c.mnbat, impart peculiar lustre to the campaign in the
Crimea. If Great Britain aad France ever sent forth
their sons to combat a giant—if a small body of men
were ever armed to assail a formidable foe —it was on this
occasion ; and although almost decimated by disease,
and dispirited by privations and sufferings, it seemed as
if every man felt the weight of responsibility bear upon
his own shoulders, and was prepared to win a victory or
carry out a campaign upon his own personal accwunt.
It had been imagined that a long peace would. have
assuaged the martial spirit—that the progress of civili-
sation, carrying with it habits of luxury and indulgence,
would have enervated the present generation—it had
even been averred that cultivation of the mind was in-
consistent with war—experience has shown the fallacy
of all these fancies, and as it was always known that in
the officer the higher the morale and the intellect, the
greater the efficiency, so it has ever been shown, by the
unexampled extent of the published correspondence of
the men themselves, that the adranced position in which
they stand over those who fought on the glorious plains
of Crecy and Azincourt, or even at Salamanca or
Vitoria, has not abated in one iota that cool, calm, de-
termined, unfaltering, iron energy, which . has ever
marked the Anglo-Saxon race in war as in peace. We
do not hesitate to say that the classic stores of once
accomplished Greece, and the still more prolific chmni-
cies of once indomitable Rome, do not furnish a greater
mass of heroic instances concentrated within so brief a
space of time as have illustrated the eampairsish in the
Crimea."

Bentley's Miscellany.—Bentley's Miscellany, it
is rumoured, has changed its editorship during the
past month. This assertion s'-ems to receive con-
firmation from the comwncement of a tale by
Mr. Harrison Ainsworth., who, it is said, has un-
dertaken the management. It bears an attractive
title for romance lovers, " The Spendthrift, a Tale
of the Last Century." It is preceded by an article
with the comprehensive name of " Things in
General," which sets forth many arguments
against the Foreign Enlistment Bill. A brief but
interesting memoir of the late Mr. Lockhart con-
tains the following remarks—
" JOHN GIBSON LOCKHART.
"Two-and-twenty autumns past, and Sir Walter Scott
lay a-dying at his own dearly-loved and dearly-purchased
Abbotsford. 'Lockhart,' he said to the husband of his
first-born, 'I have but a minute to speak to you. My
dear, be a good man_be virtuous—be religious—be a
good man. Nothing else will give you comfort when
you come to lie here.' A day or two after, and Sir
Walter breathed his last, in the presence of all his chil-
dren —on a beautiful day, as his son-in-law has with
noble, affecting simplicity described it—' so warm that
every window was wide open—and so perfectly still,
that the sound of all others most delicious to his ear, the
gentle ripple of the Tweed over its pebbles, was distinctly
audible as we knelt around the bed, and his eldest son
kissed and closed his eyes.'
" Past are the two-and-twenty autumns. And gone
are they that knelt around the bed, while they could
hear the ripple of the Tweed, but a breath from the
master of Abbotsford they could not hear—nor should
hear again for ever. Gone, one and all. Last of them
he, who detailed the solemn scene—lie, to whom the
dying veteran had said, with that affectionate earnest-
ness, 'My dear, be a good man'—' nothing else will
comfort you when you come to lie here.' The time came
not many days ago.
" Under the same roof as Sir Walter, perchance in the
same room, and just at the same age, his son-in-law,
John Gibson Lockhart, lay a dying on the last Satur-
day in November. When you come to lie herc,'—
there seems a touching force, an affectin!: precision in
the words, as applying to one who had recently left his
London home for foreign shores, and returned, and then
gone for awhile, in quest of healthful change, to his only
daughter's guest at Abbotsford. In hope, he came
there to recruit his life; in effect, he came there to die.
Beneath Sir Walter's roof, and sinking under the same
disease, and arrived at the Caine term of years, the sole
survivor of that mourning group in 1832 has been sum-
moned to join them again elsewhither ; the spirit has
returned to God who gave it, and the body lies beside
Sir Walter's ix the old Abbey of Dryburgh."
A clever and entertaining sketch of the career of
" Edmund Waller " gives tan interesting account
of his long and chequered career. A paper on
" Winter in the Crimea " recommends the use of
much precaution among the troops against the
effects of the climate. " War and the Paris Mes-
merists," a tale of the present campaign, will delight
all believers in mesmerism. Among the most
pleasing of th© remaining contents we may men-
tion " Only Visions," a pleasing little sketch on
day dreaxne and castles in the ftir. 'MA aprtmly
conclusion of " Aspen Uourt " is promised, and
ars° th
B e con " tinuation of Arthur Arden," " Ben-
of ," and the "History of the
Theatres
London."

Colburn's United Service.—The contents of this
popular magazine, which are always of a su-
perior character, at the present period, when
military subjects attract so much attention,
possess more general interest than usual. It opens
with a paper on " The Siege of Sebastopol," which
taß.es a retrospect of the proceedings. An article
ea the " British Light Infantry, Regular and
Militia," suggests a method for recruiting the army
in a more effective manner. The " Confessions
of an Old Dragoon" and the " Extracts from the
Journals of the late Major Macready" are con-
tinued. A paper on "Brigade Movements, Ca-
valry and Horse Artillery," will be interesting to
those conversant with the subject. A review of
the naval and military operations in the East,
from the now edition of General Eir Howard
Douglas's " Gunnery" takes into consideration the
operations of the Allies. The following remarks
on the system of French military promotion is
from an able article on the subject :

" PROMOTION WHILE CAMPAIGNING.
"When campaigning the time required for promotion
may be reduced by one half, and any militaire who dis•
tinguishes himself by an action rrec/at, or heroic deed,
has a right to instant promotion. Every vacancy that
may occur while campaigning, from the grade of cor-
poral up to that of anjutant, belongs, by right, to the
company in which the vacancy takes place, and is filled
up by some militaire of that company. Promotion is
open, while campaigning, to all sub-officers, equally,
whether they be, or not, inscribed on the promotion list
of their corps, and they can all equally pretend to en-
sigucies, either in their own or other corps, when va-
cancies occur, provided they distinguish themselves on
the field of battle. But in those corps not campaigning,
the order established by the military code is invariably
followed. Promotion to the ranks of lieutenant and
captain takes place as follows : The half of the vacancies
in the battalions and squadrons of the active army are
filled up by the choice officers of such battalions and
squadrons, and the other half by officers who have served
the regular length of time in other companies or corps ;
but while campaigning every subaltern has an equal
change of promotion, whether in his own or another
corps,. provided he has distinguished himself by seine act
of bravery or devotedness to his country. Promotion to
the rank of chef-do-bataillon or d'escadron, while cam-
paigning, only takes place by choice ; every captain,
whether or not on the promotion list, can pretend to be
promoted if he have distinguished himself at the head of
his company. The colonel of the regiment reports to the
commander of the brigade, and he sends the list to the
commander-in-chief, who solicits from the minister
the ratification of the promotion lists he for-
wards. Delay seldom attends such applications,
and the fortunate candidates may count with
certitude upon the ministerial confirmation. Thus
it is that the late Marshal St. Arnaud progressed
rapidly in his military career, a brief sketch of which we
shall give here. St.Arnaud was born in Paris in 1801,
on the 20th of August. At the age of 15 he entered
Lo pis XVIII.'s Gardes-du-corps, but he soon retired
from the service, and spent many years in England. In
1831, ho entered the 64th Regiment of the line, as Cub.
lieutenant. He was promoted to be lieutenant in a very
short time afterwards, his length of service in the
Garden-du-cerps having been taken into consideration.
He took a prominent part in the war of La Vendde,
which the heroic Duchesse de Berri had succeeded in
revolutionising, and at the pacification of that province
in 1833 he was attached, as orderly officer, to Marshal
Bugeaud. About this time he was charged with a
mission to the chivalrous duohess, then a prisoner at the
chateau of Blaye, of which he acquitted himself perfectly
well, and gained her esteem. In Algiers .he was pro-
moted to the rank of captain and decorated. At the
siege of Constantine, under General Damrement, who
was killed at the storming of that fortress, lie signalised
himself much, and, from a knight, was made an officer of
the Legion of Honour. In 1840, after a series of battles,
in which he displayed equal courage and sang froid, he
became a chef-de-battaillon of Zouaves. In 1842, about
the time of the death of the lamented Duke of Orleans,
he was made a lieutenant-colonel, in which grade he so
distinguished himself, that in 1344 he was appointed to
the colonelcy of the 32d Regiment of infantry. Three
years afterwards he rose to the rank of general of
brigade (inar4chul-de camp), and was appointed com-
mander in the Legion of Honour. In 1850, he was
appointed governor of the province of Constantine, in
which command he greatly distinguished himself in
subduing and colonising the Arabs. Having, by a
brilliant campaign against the 4abyles, raised his repu-
tation to the highest pitch, he returned to France, was
made general of division, commanded the second divi-
sion of the army of Paris, and was soon afterwards ap-
pointed Minister of War, a very short time preiious to
the famous December coup d'etat. In 1852, he was
made Marshal of France, named senator, and received
from the Emperor's own hands the grand cross of, the
Legion of HOnour. He left the Ministry of 'War to
command the army in the East, where his inveterate
malady, angina pectoris, carried him off, under well-won
honours, on the 2Pth of September last, the lamentable