The Sun.
London, England, 1855-11-22 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON. THURSDAY" Pa- V tit tv 1 Is 4 c, NOVEMBER 22 18.55

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SUN OFFICE, Six o'Clock.

TATTERSALL'S—ahis Evening.)

NO BETTING.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.—(This Day.
The following appointmeCits were mado at the Adm
ra!ty this day

LIEUTENANTS.
A. Dent, to the Basilisk.
G. M. Comber, to the Perseverance.

PAYMASTER.
Edwin N. Stone, to the Perseverance.
ASSISTANT CLERK.
John R. Starling, to the Perseverance.

LAW INTELLIGENCE—(This Day.)

'COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH.

;Sittings in Banco, before Lord Campbell, Justice Cole.
ridge, Wightman, and Erle.)
THE CASE OF ARCHDEACON DENISON.

Sir Fitzroy Kelly moved for a rule to show cause will►
mandamus should not be issued, directed to the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, commanding him to require, by
writing under his hand, the Venerable the Archdeacon
of Taunton to either appear in person, or by his agent,
before him under the 3d and 4th Vic., ehap. 86, and
proceed against him according to law. It appeared
that the archdeacon had been charged with having in
three sermons, two delivered in 1853, and one in 1854,
publicly preached and maintained doctrines which
were alleged to be contrary to the Articles of the Esta-
blished Church. Application was made in consequences.,
by the Rev. Mr. Ditcher to the then Bishop of Bath
and Wells, to institute proceedings against the arch-
deacon, who declined doing so, in consequence of his
being the patron of the preferment held by the arch-
deacon, a provision to that effect being inserted. The
bishop having declined to proceed by issuing letter of
request, it remained for the archbishop of the province
or any person so complaining to institute a court of in-
quiry. That was done. The Court sat in January
last, at Clevedon, at which the archdeacon attended,
evidence was beard on oath, and the commissioners re-
ported to the Archbishop of Canterbury that there was
prima facie evidence for further proceedings against the
Archdeacon of Taunton. Since then no further pro-
ceedings had been taken against the Archdeacon, not•
withstanding the Rev. J. Ditcher, the person complain.
ing, had exhibited articles against him and complied
with the act. He had applied to the Archbishop of
Canterbury to do so, but his Grace had replied that he
considered no good purpose would be answered by his
proceeding further against the Archdeacon under the
Oth section. The question arising out of the applica-
tion was one of vast importance, and was whether after
a suit had been actually instituted, and the law put in
motion under the provision of the act against a clergy.
man in holy -orders charged with an ecclesiastical of-
fence, it was discretionary, and consequently within the
power of any Bishop or Archbishop, as the case might
be, to interpose and put his veto on any further pro-
ceedings being taken in respect of such offence.

Lord Campbell said it was an important question, and
he thought the learned counsel had stated sufficient to
show he was entitled to a rule.

Rule granted accordingly.

SCOTT V. THE CHURCHWARDENS OF ST. MARTINS IN THE-

FIELDS.-JUDGMENT.

This was an appeal from a conviction relative to the
rating of a house situated in Wellington-street, Strand,
occupied by the Working Men's Educational Society,
established in 1852, and of which the Earl of Shaftesbury
is the President, and having for its object the elevation
of the adult population as regarded their physical, intel-
lectual, moral, and religious condition ; and the means
adopted for its accomplishment were by encouraging
popular literature, scientific lectures, the formation of
popular lending libraries and mutual instruction classes,
provision being made that the society should be free
from the party politics of the day, and from any sectarian
character.

Lord Campbell, in giving the judgment of the Court,
said the question to be decided in this case was whether
the " Working Men's Educational Union Society" as
described in the second annual report of that society,
was a society for the purposes of "Science, Literature,
and the Fine Arts," within the 6th and 7th Vic., chap.
36, so that the house occupied by the society was ex-
empt from rating to the relief of the poor. This was a
very laudable society ; but on looking at the objects of
the society, as stated in the second annual report, the
Court considered it did not come within the meaning of
the act. The society used science, literature, and the
fine arts as a part of the means for gaining their objects ;
but the direct object for which it was in-tituted could
not be connected with the direct promotion of science,
literature, and the fine arts, and, therefore, it did not
come within the exemption of the act.
Judgment for the respondents.

ROLLS COURT.
ABBOTT V. hiIDDLETON.-JUDGMENT.

The Master of the Rolls gace judgment this morning
in this case, in which the principal question was as to
the construction of the will of General Carpenter. By
that will he gave an annuity to his widow, and upon
her decease the property set apart to secure that sum
was to become the property of his snit George Carpenter,
then a Captain in the 31st Regiment of Foot, and one
of the heroes of the Crimea. The principal question in
the case was whether, in the event of General Carpen-
ter's son dying before his mother, tbat property became
the property of his children upon the death of their
grandnit•ther. The Master of the Rolls was clearly of
opinion that the intention of the testator was not to
leave his son's children destitute in case they should
have the misfortune of losing their father during the
lifetime of their grandmother, and decreed that they
took vested interest in the fund, subject to the rights of
the testator's widow.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.—(Thus Day.)

SOUTHWARK.
IMPORTANT TO RAILWAY TRAVELLERS. -Mr. Wind/e,
a clerk in the Bank of England, was summoned for com-
mitting an assault on James Packman, ticket collector,
in the employ of the London, Brighton, and South
Coast Railway, while in the execution of his duty.
Mr. Humphries, junior, attended for the defendant,
and applied for a summons against the railway servant
for an assault on his client at the same time. He had
made a formal complaint to the directors about his con-
duct, and inquiries were being instituted.
Mr. Combe, after considerable argument on both
sides, granted the summons, to be heard immediately.
Packman was then sworn, and he said about nine
o'clock on Friday morning last he was on duty on the
platform of the London and Brighton Railway Terminus
when the Croydon and Epsom train Caine up. There
were a number of passengers, and the defendant, Mr.
Windle, instead of going out by the proper exit, rushed
towards the booking office, where tbey were preparing
for another train. Witness went up to him and stopped
him, at the same time telling him he must not go that
way, when he struck witness and pushed him away.
He reported the circumstance to his superior officer, and
the present summons was directed to betaken out.
In answer to the charge, Mr. Humphries said his
client was a clerk holding an important situation in the
Bank of England, and it was necessary that he should
arrive at his situation by 9 o'clock. He was a regular
traveller by the railway, and on the morning in question
the train was 20 minutes behind time. Consequently he
was anxious to Bret through the station as soon as he
could, but was prevented by the complainant, who com-
mitted the assault upon him.
The complainant admitted that the train wa4 behind
time, but still the gentleman had no right to pass
through the booking-office.
The summons against the railway servant was not
heard, when Mr. Combo considered that both parties
had been rather hasty. The gentleman had certainly no
business to pass through the booking-office, but the
railway servant might have acted with a little forbear-
ance under the circumstances. He should therefore dis-
miss both the summonses.

THAMES.
A. REFRACTORY PAUPER.—llenrietta Littlejohn, a
pauper belonging to the Poplar Union, was brought be-
fore Mr. Ingham charged with being disorderly and using
obscene and threatening language in the Union-house.
It appeared from the evidence that the prisoner had re-
peatedly threatened and abused the inmates of the
workhouse, and was the terror of them all. She was con-
fined in the receiving-room from Saturday night until
Itlonday morning for misconduct. Yesterday, at dinner
time, a woman named Mary Macdonald happened to
touch the prisoner's frock accidentally, and knowing her
vindictive and malicious temper begged her pardon.
The prisoner made use of the most disgusting language,
and took up a knife which she brandished, and threatened
to stab her. The female paupers, who were much terri-
fied, fled in all directions. Mrs. Ripp, the matron, restored
order, and sent the prisoner into the receiving ward, and
ordered her to pick oakum. The prisoner refused to do so
and destroyed a new apron she was wearing, besides com-
mitting other acts of disorder. The prisoner's conduct
was described as being generally of a most disorderly
and outrageous description. She declared in the work-
house that she would never be satisfied until she had the
complainant's life.
The prisoner, who is not more than 17 years of age,
said she had been on the streets and was constantly
taunted by Mrs. Macdonald and others.
Mr. Ingham said the prisoner was supported by the
rate-payers of Poplar, and the least she could do was to
behave with propriety and civility in the workhouse. He
sentenced the prisoner to be imprisoned and kept to hard
labour for 21 days.

Prince Augustin Chigi, perpetual marshal of the
Church, guardian of the Conclave and president of the
Philological College, died at Rome on the 10th.

Spirit of the Public Journals.

( From the Times of this day.)
The strong point of those in this country who
denounce the war consists in a certain use of the
word " Russians," not without its effect on weak
and uninformed minds. The Russians, we are
told, will never give in. The Russians will never
consent to any limitation of their maritime power.
It is out of the question to think of beating the
Russians in their own territory. The Russians are
inexhaustible, and they have only to call in their
hordes from the Asiatic provinces, and all Europe
will be crushed by the very weight of the torrent.
Then, the Russians aro devoted to their Czar, and
regard him both as the head of their religion and
as destined to drive out the Turk and conquer the
world. We have been told by an actual flesh and
blood statesman in this country that it is vain to
think of resisting the paramount destiny of the
Russians. These are some of the shapes in which
the bugbear has been brandished before our eyes
and rattled in our ears ; and that the artifice is
not without success in some quarters appears from
the manner in which people open their eyes when
one ventures to intimate that the Russians are in
the process of extermination. However, that is the
plain fact of the case. Doubtless, these " Rus-
sians "—this terrible noun of multitude—are
obstinate, and brave, and religious after a
fashion, and devoted to their Czar, and deter-
mined to conquer the earth, and resolved to
die before they will abate one tittle of their pre-
tensions, and rather clever fellows besides ; but,
meanwhile, the people who are so formidable, so
implacable, and the rest of it, are ceasing to exist.
A. man may be very terrible indeed, but when
he is dead his terror dies with him, and the survi-
vors are at rest. By and by all these awful qualities
will be predicated of the Russians, but in the past
tense, as they may be of the Huns, and of some

other- races that are no more to be found. Even a

living Turk may be better than a dead Russian.
The greatest resolution, the most savage zeal, the
most infatuated loyalty, the most reckless courage,
the largest scheme, the utmost confidence in des-
tiny, the profoundest contempt for all other races,
are qualities only formidable in proportion to the
number of those who possess them ; and if they
were ever so formidable when possessed by a million
fighting men, they cease to be so when the posses-
sors are minished to a few thousands, or consist only
of old men and children, invalids, criples, and
stunted town artisans. There is something very im-
posing indeed in great sound and fury. When a wild
beast is roaring, and lashing his tail, and gnashing
his teeth, and preparing for a deadly spring, he ex-
pands into the infinite,and itis difficult to realise that
in a few seconds he may be only a lump of carrion,
covered with a hearthrug or a winter cloak. Some
Englishmen, who ought to have a little more sense
in their heads, are equally incapable of perceiving
the hollowness of this talk about " the Russians."

We have gone over the figures several times be-
fore, and therefore will only now repeat that the
population of All the Russias is not greater than
that of France and the British Isles, and is nothing
like so available. Siberia, instead of supplying
"hordes," is a drain upon Russia, and the Polish
provinces must always lock up a great part of her
army. Of the troops marched to the seat of war a
very large proportion never reach their destination,
and, once 'there, few indeed ever return. Indeed
there is good ground for the calculation that the
64,000,000 of all Russia cannot send so great and
so constant a supply of soldiers to the theatre of
war as the 40,000,000 of France alone, not to
speak of the British, Turks, and Sardinians. These
estimates are now receiving the most authentic
corroboration in the rapidity with which the Rus-
sian conscriptions succeed one another. Our
correspondent at Vienna quotes from the Augs-
burg Gazette a calculation of the levies made
within the last 20 months, which shows how ra-
pidly the war is drawing upon the strength of the
Russian Empire. These levies were made in
February, May, September, and December, 1854,
and February, May, August, and October of the
present year, and they amount to 52 men per
1,000 for the eastern half of the empire, and 64
men per 1,000 in the western half. It is assumed
that there are 250 in every 1,000 of an age to bear
arms and liable to conscription, but that only a
third of them are really capable. This gives 83 per
1,000 as the whole fighting strength of the empire.
If we deduct from this the 52 per 1,000 already
levied in the western provinces, and the 64 in the
western, it follows that there only remain 30 per
1,000 in the former and 20 per 1,000 in the latter.
Hence, it is evident that if the war goes on for the
next 10 months as it has for the last 20—that iz,
if Russia makes the same efforts, with the s tme
losses, she will literally have levied the whole of
her fighting population, and will thenceforward
have to carry on the war as she best can with her
existing army. The only addition that can be made
to this estimate comes within ♦ery definite rules.
While war is making this havoc with the men from
17 to 45, the gap is but slowly filled up by those of
a lower ago_ The pee* of acetrautiou sseberdi-e naught
all the resources of nature, and even if Russia
were to proscribe all the unnesssary arts and
amitil every exemption in order to augment the
levies, the supply would still proceed at the
slowest walking pace to overtake a galloping de-
mand. There is no evading the force of these
figures. All the fulsome stuff we have heard
about the hordes of Russia and her inex-

haustible resources is reduced to its proper level of
stamp oratory on the simplest calculation, and on
the confession of the Imperial ukases. 'Whence,
indeed, are these hordes to come ? From Finland
—an icy desert, fringed with a few fishing villages,
and wandered over by a few wretched breeders of
cattle or reindeer ? From the Baltic or western
provinces? There Russia's best soldiers await in
f4l oo my idleness the attacks of our Baltic fleet, the
fickleness of the Prussian, and the inextinguishable
hatred of the Polo. From the southern provinces
—mercifully spared from levies, from their paucity
of population and their sufferings by the war ?
From Siberia, the whole population of which does
not equal that of Scotland, or even of this metro-
polis, and which has not contributed so many to
the war ? No. The " inexhaustible resources"
of Russia aro a delusion. We have only to press
on the war for a year or two, and the nightmare
will be found to be nothing more than a dream.
Perhaps it will be said, these aro very cold-
blooded calculations. But war is a matter of cal-
culation. We are right to count the cost on both
sides. Had we allowed Russia to proceed uu-
molested in her criminal enterprises last year, we
should then have hal " Holy Russia"—" in-
exhaustible Russia"—" devoted Russia," with her
paramount destiny of conquest, her plausible vil-
lainy, her exclusive addiction to arms, and her
abominable hypocrisy, securely seated on both
sides of the Bosphorus, and with her population of
61,000,000 suddenly grown into at least 80,000,000
by the absorption of the Turkish empire. There
would then have been some sort of ground for the
extravagant terms in which British orators have
worshipped the rising sun of barbarism. We should
have reason to believe its destiny paramount. In
a very short time the very same men would have
told us that we had let the proper occasion pass by,
and could not now repair tho omission. Our pre-
sent duty is a painful one, but it is forced upon us.
It is not without cost, or blood ; nor is there any
profit in it, excepting only the deliverance of Eu-
rope from a neighbour with a paramount destiny.
It is better that we should have to fight the inex-
haustible subjects of a conquering pontiff in the
Crimea than on the Bosphorus, or in Egypt, or,
perhaps, nearer home. Oar children will thank
us for what we have done, though we have met
with some abuse from our contemporaries, who
think we might have left the Russians and the
income-tax alone for the present. Possibly they
wished to see what would come of it. Charles
Lamb, on sending a dog to a friend, says—
" If he bites your child, shoot the child and
tie up the dog, to see whether he is mad."
Wo ought, it seems, to have left the Turk
to his fate, and then waited to see what more
the Russian would do. His subsequent career
might or might not justify our forbearance. These
are curious speculations, but, in our humble opi-
nion, they do not become a great nation or a faith-
ful ally. We bad no alternative but to step in to
the rescue of Turkey, and every step she has taken
since, every discovery, every event, has satisfied us
that it is our duty to continue the war till we can
dictate terms to Russia. Were any argument
wanting, it would be found in the language of her
apologists, who do nothing but glorify her power,
her virtues, her ability, her religion, her numbers
—everything, in fact, that is formidable and menac-
ing to her neighbours. There is only one way of
dealing with these conquering races, and we are
not ashamed to point it out, and prove by the evi-
dence of figures that we have already made con-
siderable progress.

(Prom, the Times of this day.)
The military campaign has ended, and the poli-
tical campaign has not begun, so that we are left
to entertain ourselves as best we may between the
retrospect of the one and the anticipation of the
other. What Ministers will do during the next
session it is not difficult to divine—their measures
will be few and their estimates will be many.
They will evince a marked preference for short
debates, and carefully abstain from anything which
may have a tendency to prolong them. But
what will be the tactics of the Opposition ? We
do not now speak of Mr. Cobden and Mr. Bright,
nor of their new associates, Mr. Gladstone and Sir
James Graham,—they have already run through
the full cycle of change, and cannot possibly, we
should suppose, occupy any other positiou than that

which they held with so much discredit at the end
of the last session. Nor are we curious to inquire
as to the course to be taken by Mr. Disraeli, satisfied
that from him we shall hear nothing that will com-
mit him either as to peace or war, and that he will
omit no opportunity of damaging the position of
Ministers, without caring much whether by such
a course he improves his own or not ; but what we
do feel curious and anxious to know is, what will
be the course adopted towards the Government by
the real Tory Opposition, and whether they will
follow those who are ready to lead them in a con-
tinued series of assaults on the Treasury bench.
It is for this reason, rather than from any great
importance that we attach to his opinions, that
we have read with considerable interest the speech
recently delivered by Lord Naas to his consti-
tuents at Coleraine, for Lord Naas occupies exactly
that position in the Opposition which entitles him
to be looked upon as a fair exponent of the
views of the more moderate of his party. The
speech appears to us to be a very clear and credi-
t table view of the present state of the nation, and
quite as favourable to the Whig Government
as they have any reason to expect. It may, in-
deed, be taken as a fair exposition of the opinions
of the great mass of Englishmen of the present
time. He treats the idea of making peace on the
i basis of the Four Points as perfectly exploded and
ridiculous. He considers that we have a right to
much more ; that we ought not to negotiate till we
have effectually cured Russia of her love of aggres-
sion and domination ; and that, when we do nego-
tiate, the discussion should be between principals,
and the assistance of Austria and Prussia entirely
dispensed with. For his own part, he professes
his readiness to support the present or any other
Government that shall carry on the war with
♦igour. _

It is only just to the present Opposition to admit
that they have acted towards the Government of
Lord Palmerston with more forbearance and gene-
rosity than was ever shown by any Opposition to
any Government during a time of war. Had the
Whigs been in Opposition they might have found
in the traditions of their own party, in the con-
duct of Mr. Fox and Lord Grey, ample authority
fora far less patriotic and magnanimous course of
action. It is painful and humiliating to read the
Parliamentary debates of those days, And to see
how entirely the narrow spirit of party and the
disappointments of political ambition were
allowed to darken the clearest judgments and
sway the most honest lipS. No contrast can be
more humiliating than to read the real history of
the toils, the vigilance, the manliness, and the
truth of our own great Commander as depicted in
his despatches and the unfair, exaggerated state-
ments and inferences concerning him which formed
the staple of Opposition speeches in Parliament
during the first years of his glorious career. An
unfair depreciation of our own country, an undue
elevation of the position of our antagonist, the
most desponding forebodings of distress and ruin,
and the most bitter and systematic perversion of
everything into an attack on Ministers form the
melancholy staple of our Parliamentary debates
while we had a Wellington to command on land
and Nelsons, Oollingwoods, and Exmouths to direct
the operations of our fleet. The strong conviction
of the justice of our cause and the absolute neces-
sity of fighting it out to a thoroughly successful
issue, are a sure guarantee to us that our Opposition
will not so far transgress the bounds of reason and
fairness which the existing state of public opinion
imperatively prescribes to them, and within those
limits it is probably not desirable that they should
be less active than they are. Already there are not
wanting symptoms that the Ministry fully appre-
ciate the great strength of a position which places
them almost beyond the reach of hostile majorities,
and use it, as such advantages have generally been
used by their party, for the purpose of family in-
terest and the promotion of cliques and coteries.
All that we have a right to ask from the Opposition
is that they will consider before they take any step
which may have the effect of weakening or destroy-
ing the present Government, unless they are ready
to replace it. There must arise in the course of
the war innumerable cases in which, without the
influence of party spirit, persons may and nitiA
honestly differ, and we have no right to claim that
these differences should be in all cases and under
all circumstances suppressed. All the country has
a right to claim from the Opposition is that they
will well weigh and consider what they do, and-
set the duty of not needlessly embarrassing the
conduct of the war against the importance of the
subject of difference, and that such a paralysis of
the Executive as is implied by a Ministerial defeat
ghoul I be fairly weighed and balanced against the
evil that may result from not sufficiently vindicat-
ing their opinions. No reasonable man will charge
the Opposition with want of patriotism for freely
discussing the conduct of Ministers, nor, if it see
occasion sufficiently serious to warrant such a step,
in ejecting them from office by a vote of want of
confidence. But, of all things, let the Opposition
beware of lending itself to such, ambuscades as
that-planned- by Mr. Gladstone at the end. of last
session with respect to the Turkish Loan. It is
necessary to distinguish between such things as
may fairly be done by one party of the subjects of
the Crown of England, carrying on a legitimate
struggle against another party, and things which
are worthy only of the friends of our enemies. All
things are fair in war, and we have no reason to
complain if oar enemy steal upon us in the thick
mist of a November morning, or leap into our
trenches under the veil of murky and stormy mid-
night. He has a right to conceal his advances, to
mislead us as to his movements, and to snatch by
stratagem an advantage which the utmost exertions
of his force and bravery could not obtain. This is
becau,e he is our foe, our open and avowed enemy,
who neither gives nor ass for confidence,:and who
has no other object than to inflict upon as much in-
jury as possible. But when men representing some
of our first constituencies—men who have asked
for and received our confidence, and whom we have
suffered to lead us into our present war—when
such men as these steal a march upon us, and en-
deavour—treating the Government of their country
as their enemy, and their own nation as the army
to be out-manoeuvred and surprised—to snatch an
advantage which they could not take by fair means,
and to weaken the good understanding between us
and our ally, such conduct is not that of an Oppo-
sition, but of adherence to our country's enemies,
and is not likely, even by this nation, most tole-
rant of all political obliquities, to be soon, if ever,
forgotten or forgiven.
To this discreditable proceeding but too many
of the Opposition lent their support. We sincerely
hope the error will not be repeated, and that, what-
ever opportunities Mr. Gladstone may seek for
snapping an advantage, he will henceforth only
number among his supporters those who institute
in the name of peace proceedings closely akin to
those of civil war. Of this we are certain, that
there is no means which the Opposition could
adopt so likely to discredit it with the country,
and to strew thorns in its future political course,
as to lend themselves to the ill-omened combination
of Cobden, Graham, Bright, and Gladstone, and
no more certain means of raising themselves in the
estimation of the country than by an honest and
patriotic forbearance, and by leaving those whose
ambition, conceit, or fickleness has made them the
advocates of a disgraceful peace to work out their
own conclusions for themselves, and to show how
little their sophistries can avail to convince or
their stratagems to mislead the representatives of
the English people.

( From the Constitutionnel. )

General Bosquest, in responding to the congra-
tulations offered to him by the municipal
tdee-
putation of a town near Pau, made
use
chancesuf the
following terms in speaking of the
war appears
of a speedy peace ......" A long n reality
to me improbable, for Russia
no army." From such lips
although it
timent possesses great importance,
sense sense and
ahassical ilar sen
is merely the expression of commoneo
and judged for
experience. Russia has been
ase prism which has
the last 40 years through
ro
ertinns ; it could
greatly exaggerated her real A P
h has
been duped by her
almost be imagined that she
she now judges her
own false grandeur and that
d the power of the Western
present position and resources with the same par-
tial eye as questioned
ago.
with the
Forty years of con-
stantgovernments two
udrttos contract alliances
labour directed
had apparently succeeded
small Northern Courts V
',many for Russia, the more so as
in gaining all
ai
government of the German Confe-
the oligarchic
more than any other
lends itself
trigue
u tion. The little
states over the
and
therr refugep for traditions,• • Rhine are . prejudices,
and feudal authority. Luxury, gold, and flattery,
tilted with the Olympian menaces of the Russian
diplomacy, succeeded in producing in the East the
same results obtained in the West by family alli-
ances ; superficial minds could believe that the
Emperor Nicholas was' really the serious and last-
ing arbitrator of states. The unlimited despotism
of the Czars prevents the departure from Russia
of any family without special permission. This
permission, granted with considerable tact and
discretion, bad still more increased the pres-
tige of Russia for Southern Europe in observ-
ing the elegant and generous nobles, lavish of
their gold, accompanied by the most distinguished
ladies, imagined that these were the faithful repre-
sentatives of Russia, where all were supposed to
the
be equally wealthy and well informed. -e, n
population of Russia, undoubtedly great,ii has been
employed to augment the general
The population ofopn
respect-
ing her military . strength.
Russia, it is said, is 70 millions. This is very pos-
I sible, but this population, large as it sounds, is but

trifling in proportion to the extent of the territory
it covers. The population of Russia gives one in-
habitant to the square kilometre•(s-Bths of a league),
whilst that of France pres_tits 35 inhabitants to
the kilometre. The Russian army, even on paper,
consists only of a million men, whilst the active
French army exceeds half a million—thus, in pro-
portion to the respective populations, it results
that France possesses for every soldier she loses
seventeen times more recruits than Russia.

The political supremacy claimed by Russia is
completely ruined ; her nobles are like her supre-
macy, and with respect to her armies, they fac
from accord with the gigantic idea.of the torrent
of men who it was said were to submerge Europe.
40,000 French and English have resisted the moat
determined efforts of the combined Russian armies,
three of which have been shamefully defeated on
their own soil at Alma, Inkerman, and Traktir.
In war one must not expect to be ever victorious,
but one must be resigned to perish when the dig-
nity of the flag demands, it. The Russian navy
will never wash out the stigma of having ignomini-
ously avoided all contest. On the contrary, the
Turkish squadron covered itself with
glory at Si-
nope, when it sank its last sailor and its last gun.
Russia, who has ever considered the Turks as bar-
barians, has not once availed herself of the hun-
dreds of occasions offered to display her broadsides
to the Allied fleets. Russia, launched by her go.
vernment into an insane and detestable war, de-
ceived by her diplomacy with respect to the re-
sources of Europe, seems to be reserved by Provi-
dence for that severe punishment which always
awaits unbounded and immoral ambition.

THE AUSTRIAN ARREST OF AN OFFICER
IN THE BRITISH SERVICE.

The Patrie publishes the following paragraph:—
A letter from Vienna, received just as we were going
to press, speaks of the remonstrances addressed to the
Austrian Cabinet relative to the arrest in the Princi•
wattles of a deserter who had become an officer in the
English service. In many political circles the opinion is
expressed that Count Coronini ought not, under present
circumstances, to have raised the difficulty, the great in.
terests now pending between Austria and the Western
Powers being of infinitely greater moment than any
question about a deserter. Some people go farther,
and maintain that the arrest is as illegal as it was inop.
portune, not haring been' effected on the national ter-
ritory, but in a neutral country, where Austria enjoys
no sovereign rights.

A letter in the Silesian Gazette says that the Au*.
trian Cabinet is disposed to accede to the wishes of
England, but in the meantime Colonel Thies, the
officer in question, will remain in the prison of
Hermanstadt.
A private letter from Bucharest adds some par-
ticulars to those already given respecting the arrest
of Colonel Thies :

This gentleman, a Hungarian, held a commission in
the Lend Transport Corps, British service, and at the
time of his arrest was in Wallachia, to buy horses and car-
riages for the use of the corps to which he was attached.
On the evening of the 31st ult, he visited Bucharest, as
on former oecesions, in order to receive his carriages,
and was unfortunately recognised by two Austrian offi-
cers the following morning, as he was riding past Count
Coronini's residence. These officers, it appears, gave in-
formation immediately against him as a deserter from
the Austrian army in 1849, and at 2 p.m. on the Ist of
November be was arrested in his room at his hotel by
order of Count Coronini. For the purpose of putting
him off his guard an officer visited him beforehand in
his apartment, and began conversing with him en ancien
comrade, he suspecting no danger, and relying, no
doubt, on the English uniform as ample protection.
But, if so, be leaned upon a broken reed ; for a strong
guard, consisting of 3 officers and 16 men, with fixed
bayonets, was marched down to the hotel. The main
body halted in the gateway, and the officer making a
sign to two men they immediately entered Col. Thies's
room, and the officer who had previously been conversing
with him in the most friendly manner announced to him
that he was arrested as a deserter. Ho was ordered to strip
off his British cavalry frock ; this be refused : it was torn
from his back and an Austrian capote thrust on him, and
in place of his gold-laced cap they put on his head, in
derision, a light blue cap, such as is worn by the com-
mon soldiers in the Hungarian regiments, telling him
" it was fit he should wear the same clothes as those in
which he had deserted." He was then motioned into a
carriage, and being surrounded by bayonets reluctantly
obeyed ; the officer in command taking the seat at his
side, and a soldier mounting the box, the carriage pro-
ceeded at a slow pace, under the escort of the guard, to
the prison, where he is now lying. On the arrest being
notified to Mr. Colquhoun he lost no time in proceeding
to Count Coronini's residence, and, in a tone becoming
his position, demanded the liberation of the prisoner, be
being actually in the British service, wearing its uniform,
on Turkish territory, and entrusted with a special com-
mission on behalf of the British army in the Crimea.
The Count put himself into a towering rage, exclaiming,
" I know no Colonel Thies, but one Thies, a deserter,
whose name was posted upon the public gibbet at Fent-
kirchen for five weeks. Savez vous, Monsieur, que j'ai
le pouvoir de le pendre !" " Sur votre responsabilitte
votre Excelenee," replied Mr. Colquhoun. "Un de-
serteur," shouted the Count, "je l'arrete partout on je
le trouve, et ai mon gouvernement m'ordonne a le ren-
dre je casserai mon epee." He then moderated his tone
A little, and exhibitedenme approach towards politeness,
refusing, however, to liberate the prisoner, and only con-
senting to delay further measures until the receipt of
instructions from Vienna.

DEATH OF MAJOR-GENERAL FREDI.
MARKHAM, C.B,

We regret to announce the death of Major-General
Markham, C. 8., which melancholy event took place
yesterday morning, at 4 o'clock.
The deceased General was in his 50th year, and was
the second son of Admiral John Markham, Eon of Dr.
Markham, Archbishop of York. He entered the army
as ensign in the 32d Regiment in May, 1824, and had
seen considerable service in North America and the
E tst Indie. during his military career. He was with his
regiment during the rebellion in Canada in 1837, and
was wounded in four places at the action of St. Denis.
Gen. Markham then accompanied the 32d Regiment to
the Eat Indies, as Lieutenant-Colonel, and served in
the Punjaub campaign in 1848-9. He also commanded
the Second Infantry Brigade at the fires and second
siege operations before Mooltan, where he war wounded ;
also a division at the action cf Somjkoond, where the
enemy's position was carried and seven guns taken ;
and the Bengal column at the storming and capture
of the city of Mooltan, in Jan., 1819. The gallant de-
ceased was also present at the surrender of the fort and
garrison of Cheniote, and commai!ded a brga,le at the
hatVe of Goojerat. Soon after he was anointed Adju-
tant-General of the Royal forci.s in India, whiehappoint-
mv_int he held till he obtained his promotion as Major-
Genera'. General Markham was then appointed to the
command at Peshawur, but when within two days' jour-
ney to assume his command he was recalled, in order to
take the command of a division of the army in the Cri-
tom. The gallant officer at once set out, and performed
the journey to Calcutta in the unexampled space of 18
days during the hot season, and it ..was from the exces-
sive fatigue of that journey that the seeds of his fatal ill-
ness arose. On his arrival in the Crimea he took the
command of the Second Division, previously c
mantled by General Pennefather, and commandedHe
that division at the last attack on
was just able to see Sebastopol'health
whenordered home.
became so precarious that he was ordered
24 ult., and, after
the R se;iis
Queen,
naenc-d
He arrived at Southampton on the 24th
expired yester-
a very glorious career in his pr
Companion of the
da.7 morning, to the extrellle.g-rwieafseoaf
tians. The deceased General was
an aidejou for diitinguished thoistufaemQiluyeee
Order of the Bath,
also in the receipt of a peu
bore (late as follows :—Ensign,
servi-
ces. His
lieutenant,conaniissiens
Oct. 22, 1825; captain, April
May 13, 1824;.
o Sept. 28, 1830 ;Lieutenant-colonel,
16, 1829 ;
mai
colonel, Aug. 2, 180 ; •
July 22, 1842 ; major-general
Nov. 28, 1854. cEre also held the local rank of lieute-
nant-general
in Turkey from July 30, 1855.
MARKET NEWS.—( Day).

CORN EXCHANGE.
GENERAL AVERAGE PRICES OF BRITISH CORN
For the week ended Nov. 22, 1 ft KC
made up from the Returns of the
Inspectors In the different Cities and Towns in England and Wales
per Imperial Quarter.
wnakr. EARLEY. 1 okre. an. BEANS. PEAS.
SOs 101 39s 1 d I I I 28s 0,1 521 10d 521 01 sos 41
',BEAT. wss.LITTII.I „Ts. al , I BEANS. PEAS,.
SIX WEEKS' AVERAGE.
78s 1 ; 39s Od , 28s 3d 1 51s Od • 50s 11d 498 11
QUANTITIES OF GRAIN SOLD LAST WEEK.
Wheat, 126,465 ; Barley, 93,931 ; Oats, 19,029 ; Eye, 289 ; Beans.
5,493, Peas, 2,651 quarters.

MEAT MARKETS.
NEWGATE AND LNADENHALL. —The trade ruled
steady, as follows :—Beef, from 3s 2d to 4s 6d; Mutton,
38 44 to 48 61 • Veal, 38 8d to 4e 104; Pork, 3s 8d to 50 2d
per Blbs, by the carcase.
SOUTHALL, Nov. 'A.—The supply of stock in to-deY'u
market was but moderate. Generally
55 Mutton
ruled steady, as follows :—Beef, from 3s 4d t.?_ sa to 4,10 a
3s 8d to 5s Od ; Veal, 36104 to 4s 10d ; Pork, '''
per 81bs, to sink the offals. t 0 wore 2d per 81bs
ROMFORD, Nov. 21.—Prime besisc
had
en upward ten.
speaking,
.the trade
higher, and the value of other stoo
o,; Mutton, 3s 64 to 54
denoy. Beef, from 3s 4d to 56 714 0 Od to 5s Od per
04 ; Veal, 3s 104 to 5s 0(:;
,KEYS.
to 288 each.
81bs. Quarter-old Store Pige.,,,,,ETs.
BAY Al-"'''''
hay, 41 Os to 61 68 ; clover ditto,
SMITHFIELD.—gead"I 11 5. ad to II 9s Cid per load.
and straw,
11 5s to 1/ lOs per load%
41108 to 71 Os ;
Trade steady.
—Meadow hay, 41 4s to 6/ 10% ; clove] do ,
to 61 18s ;iy and a fair demand.
41.1::Arn:115:1147F5Bote7:toBurP1171iPi.—pdbi; hay,eadandwstraw,4ll/Ols to 11 9s per load.
Os t°4 61 6s; clover
Trade rather dull.

ATTEMPT TO BURN DOWN THE DUBLIN STEAM WHARF..
—On Tuesday, both in the morning and evening, seve-
ral attempts were made to burn down the extensive
waterside premises of Mr. James Hartley, known as the
Dublin Steam-packet Wharf, Lower East Smithfield. In
each instance fires were found kindled in various parts
of the premises, and but for the promptitude displayed
by those employed on the establishment the mottlihe
astrous consequences must have ensued. At. Perews7,,rf is
incendiaries have not been discovered. h
pnoolwicest.rictly guarded by a party of the fireTbrigsde_and

Report of the Commissioners appoi ntal to
Inquire into the Disturbance 117'. Hyde-
park on the Ist July.

To THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT 31AJESTY.
May it please your Majesty, WO, the •comnaissioners
appointed by your and
esty's letters
.patent under the great
seal bearing date the 14th of July in the nineteenth year
of to i
your reign, and commanded inquire nt oan alleged
disturbance
of the public peace on Sunday the) Ist of July,
1855, in Hyde-park and the adjoining streets , and into all
the circumstances thereof and all matters cons tected there-
with, and particularly into the conduct of thu officers and
constables of the Metropolitan police in comiection with
the same, and into the truth of all and• singular the com-
plaints of the conduct of them or any of them upon that
occasion which might be brought under our investigation ;
Humbly report, that on the receipt of your Majesty's
commission we gave notice by letter to several persons who
had sent written complaints to your Majesty's Secretary
of State for the Home Department, and also gave general
notice in the public newspapers of our intention to hold
an inquiry into the matters submitted to us by your Ma-
jesty's said commission, on Tuesday the 17th day of July,
1855, in the Court of Exchequer at Westminster, at ten
o'clock in the forenoon, and at the time and place so ap-

pointed we commenced our sittings.
In the outset of the inquiry we were met by a difficulty
as to obtaining evidence. Most of the persons who con-
sidered themselves aggrieved by the conduct of the police
on the day in question were strangers to each other, and
no combined arrangement had been made for the purpose
of bringing their several complaints before us. Some of
them could not afford to procure professional assistance,
and perhaps felt unequal to speak for themselves. In fact,
with one exception, no individual appeared to be prepared
to make any statement or give evidence before us with re-
ference to the matters into which we had met to inquire.
It happened that Mr. Mitchell, a respectable and intelli-
gent attorney, who had attended at the police court on
behalf of a client taken into custody in Hyde-park on the
lat ef-July,-also appeared before us on behalf of the same
client to complain of the conduct of the police. In order
to discharge this duty for his client, Mr. Mitchell had
made himself acquainted generally with the occurrences
which were to become the subjects of our inquiry. Under
these circumstances we felt ourselves warranted in re-
questing Mr. Mitchell to give his assistance to any of the
complainants who might be willing to avail themselves of
it in bringing their several complaints before us. To this
proposal Mr. Mitchell assented. The complainants wil-
lingly availed themselves of his assistance, and entrusted
their eases to his management. To him, and also to Mr.
Ellis, the attorney who conducted the case on behalf of
the police, we are much indebted for their able assistance
in eliciting the facts and discussing the points brought
before us in the course of our inquiry.
We continued our sittings in the Court of Exchequer
from day to day until Thursday the 2d of August, when,
after hearing Ur. Mitchell and Mr. Ellis on behalf of their
respective clients, and repeating the statement which we
had on several previous occasions publicly made, that if
there were still any persons who had complaints to prefer
we were ready to hear them, and receiving no answer to
this invitation, we closed the investigation, having sat 15 li
days, and examined upon oath 86 witnesses on the part
of the complainants, and 91 on the part of the police, a
full report of whose evidence is annexed.
The scenes in Hyde-park which gave rise to this inquiry
seem to have had their origin chiefly in popular feeling
against a bill introduced into the Commons House of Par-
liament by Lord Robert Grosvenor, to prevent trading
on Sunday within the Metropolitan police district and
City of London, and commonly called the Sunday Trading
Bill. Prior to Sunday 21th of June, a handbill was printed
and circulated referring to this measure as the New Sun-
day Bill, and stating that an open-air meeting, to see how
religiously the aristocracy observe the Sabbath, would be
held in Hyde-park on Sunday afternoon, at three o'clock,
on the right bank of the Serpentine looking towards Ken-
sington-gardens.
Accordingly, between throe and four o'clock on the
afternoon of Sunday the 4th of June, a large multitude
assembled in Hyde-park on the spot indicated on the north
bank of the Serpentine. There the crowd shouted, hooted,
and yelled at the carriages, and made such noises as to
frighten the horses in the drive, to the annoyance and dan-
ger of those on horseback or in carriages. This interrup-
tion naturally caused alarm, and prevented many carriages
driving in that direction. An attempt was also made by
some persons to organise a meeting, and address the crowd,
but they were required to desist, and stopped, by the
police.
In the course of the following week handbills were dis-
tributed and placards exhibited calculated to attract peo-
ple to Hyde-park on the next Sunday. It was stated in
one of these at " Hyde-park the open-air fete and monster
concert would be repeated on Sunday next." In another,
" Let us go to church with Lord Robert Grosvenor next
Sunday morning. We can attend his lordship in Palk-
lane at half-past ten, go to church with him, then go home
to dinner, and be back in time to see our friends in Hyde-
park." The police superintendents of various districts also
reported that large numbers of people were likely to attend
the meeting in Hyde-park on Sunday the Ist of July.
Under these circumstances, on Friday the 29th of .Tune,
Sir Richard Mayne communicated with the Secretary of
State for the Home Department, and prepared a notice

cautioning and requesting well-disposedpersous to abstain
from joining or attending the meeting announced to be
held in Hyde-park, and stating that all necessary measures
would be taken to prevent such meeting and to preserve
the public peace. On Saturday, the 30th of June, this
notice was published in the morning newspapers, and also
posted at the entrances of the park in the afternoon. Sir
Richard Mayne on the same day also issued orders for
Superintendent O'Brien to take up a station with a party
of police in the neighbourhood of Lord Robert Grosvenor's
house on Sunday, and for four superintendents and 230
mere to assemble in Hyde-park at 2 p.m. Other parties
were also directed to be in reserve at Stanhope gate, the
Triumphal-arch, the Marble-arch, and Walton-street,
Lowndes-square.
On Sunday morning the Ist of July, owing to the illness
and consequent absence of Superintendent May, the genera',
direction of the police in Hyde-park was given to Super-
intendent Hughes, Sir Richard Mayne remaining during
the day at the head office in Scotland-yard.
The police constables, before they took up their stations
in Hyde-park, were made acquainted with a written order
of Sir R. Mayne, that the directions in the printed notices
were to be firmly enforced, and that any persons com-
mencing a meeting or assemblage, or shouting, or making
any noise, or acting in any way calculated to cause dis-
turbance or frighten horses in carriages, were to be cau-
tioned as to the consequences, and required to desist ; and
that if they did not immediately do so they were to be
removed, and, if necessary, taken into custody, and sent to
the Police-station at Vine-street. Directions were given
verbally to the men to sit or lie down quietly on the grass,
and not to interfere, unless interference became absolutely
necessary.
Up to half-past two o'clock few persons arrived ; those
few were orderly, and the Park was quiet. Between half-
past two and three o'clock the concourse of people in the
Park increase I, and dense masses collected on the north
side of the Serpentine, especially near the Humane So-
ciety's Receiving-house. The multitude assembled con-
sisted of various classes. A vast number of persons of all
ranks were there, simply for the ordinary and legitimate
purposes of exercise and recreation, to which the Park is
specially dedicated ; others came led by curiosity to
watch the proceedings of the clay ; others with a view of
expressing by their presence their disapproval of the
Sunday Trnding Bill ; a large number also, chiefly lads
and young men, with a view of giving expression to their
disapprobation by shouts, cries, and noises along the drive.
There was also a mixture of thieves, pickpockets, and other
reckless and disorderly persons, bent on plunder and mis-
chief, and seeking to effect their purposes under the shield
of popular excitement.
Soon after three o'clock noisy and riotous proceedings
like those on the preceding Sunday were commenced by
some of the crowd who lined the rails of the (hive along
the Serpentine, Carriages and riders in passing were met
by shouts of " Go to church" and other cries, yelling, hoot-
ing, whistling, and discordant noises. Missiles were occa-
sionally thrown at them. One man, who was afterwards
fined for the offence, was taken into cnstody for flinging
part of a hurdle at a gentlemanon horseback. A boy ran
before a carriage, and repeatedly struck at the horse's nose
with his cap, and the crowd cheered him. The horses in
an open blitska, in which,and
an officer and his daughter were
seated, became frightened, plunged ; a clod of earth or
other missile passed over the and had it not been
for the police,
t who prevented carriage,thepeople from getting in
front of the horses, tho consequence might have been seri-
ous. Other vehicles experienced aseiniar.reception, were
pelted with stones, and narrowly es
suggestion of the police some carriages' escaped
injury,rer backAt the
the drive ; and eventually those vehiclesWidehdidfroal
Persons who shared and sympa-
thised were chiefly filled with
with the excitement of the crowd on the subject of
Sunday legislation.
About half-past three the danger to vehicles was greatly
increased by the throng in the drive, where it 1V39 most
easy to alarm the horses. It was observed that many of
the most disorderly characters were collected in front of
the rails on the south side of the chive near the Receiv.
ing-house. Superintendent Hughes consulted with Su-
perintendent Martin, and thought that the time was come
to use more vigorous measures to clear the carriage-wa
and also, pursuant to directions from Sir RichardMaynY:
to clear the crowd back to some distance fro the railings',
and he accordingly gave orders to the police to clear the
road and the rails, and to use their staves.
In order to execute these orders the police advanced
with their truncheons drawn along
the carriage road of the
drive, clearing it of the people ; some of whom, not
readily yielding or quitting the road, were pushed, struck,
or roughly handled.
The policemen also passed along the drive, striking on
the rails, and brandishing their staves over the heads of
the crowd there, and in soma instances striking at them,
in order to compel them to fall back. Parties of police
also passed with drawn staves on to the footpath between
the drive and the Serpentine River near the Receiving-
house, and drove the people back from the rails, and in an
eastward direction along the bank of the Serpentine. This
Ift,Tiement, owing to the crowd and the narrow space, was
aZriged with great alarm and confusion, and some
fore e people, including well-dressed woman, were
ed ankle deep into the water ; others wore struck
with the
behind thset ay"' Parties of the police also passed
railsback on the north side of the
drive, and drove
some cases further on the
people 30 or 40 yards, and in
the police did
to not oae to the grass. After these movements
syor keep a line along the cleared
spece, so as prevelue the
quen tly crowds collected return of the people, cense-
"long the rails again, and were
again driven back repeatedly, With more or less violence
and con fusion. The" Pro"neet.hdoereroofdreed or increased
irritation end ill feelingpa
bled ; offensive expressions were used t, the people assem-
annoy the police,
some stones were thrown at them, and frequent collisions
took pace.
The complaints bretight before ua for unnecessary vio-
lence and misconduct on the Taro f
the police chiefly refer
to transactions which took place during these
efforts to
clear the carriage-way and to remove the crowd. to a dis.
tance from the rails. Some of the complaints we consider
well founded, but postpone the particular consideration of
the several charges, our preseut object being simply to
Rive a,general summary and outline of the incidents of
the day.
From half-past three until half-past five o'clock a state
of tumult and disturbance prevailed, especially along the
drive from the east end of the Serpentine to the f lurnane
Society's Receiving-house. The police were engaged in
endeavours to prevent shouting and stone-throwing, and
in clearing the crowd out of the drive and away from the
rails._eM;eier persons were taken into custody for riotous
ocornoin t and throwing stones. Some were taken in cabs
foot to P Vine-street
of the dairy leao /CO Station, and the yard
gnear the receiving-house was used as a
temporary piece
ofe custody for prisoners. The police hay-
ing been strongly reinforced be the course of this period
the commotion began gradually to subside, and at 6 o'clock
the disturbance was effectually subdued in the neighbour-
ootl of the drive.

At va:iqus times, and especially between six aucl seven I
o'clock; Luau groups cf people collected in open,paTtyl cf

the park, and collisions took place during attempts made
by the police rushing forward to disperse them or to arrest
those who had thrown stones. Some of the complaints
made to us arose out of these collisions.
Soon after seven o'clock some young soldiers of the
Guards who had mingled with a portion of the crowd
seemed disposed to take part in the tumult. Information
of this was brought to Superintendent Hughes, who sent
to the Magazine Barracks, and a serjeant was despatched
with a picket to bring in the soldiers. Some stones were
thrown by the crowd at the serjeant and his party whilst
engaged in the performance of this duty, and the crowd
followed after the soldiers to the barracks, and remained
there throwing stones. The serjeant in command then
sent in his turn to the police for assistance, which was
promptly rendered. One of the offenders who had hit a
soldier with a stone was given into custody, and after-
wards fined, and the crowd was dispersed without any
unnecessary violence.
About nine o'clock in the evening the Park was cleared
by Superintendent Hughes, with a body of about a hun-
dred policemen, formed in open line, with two or three
yards between each man, extending northwards from the
Serpentine, and advancing eastwards towards Hyde-park-
corner and Stanhope-gate. This operation seems to have
been effected successfully.
_ _

It has been stated that a party of the police had been
stationed by way of precaution near Lord R. Grosvenor's
house. About six o'clock in the evening a large mass of
people set out from Hyde-park towards Grosvenor-gate
and Park-street, with cries of" Now to Lord Grosvenor's."
Soon afterwards a crowd, variously estimated by the wit-
nesses at two, three, four hundred,.or more in number,
was collected before Lord R. Grosvenor's house in Park-
street. No actual violence, beyond throwinc, a stone at
Lord R. Grosvenor's messenger, was committed by them ;
but their number and clamour were alarming. The crowd
yelled and groaned, calling " Chuck him out," and using
other expressions of hostility to Lord R. Grosvenor, and
their aspect and proceedings were sufficiently menacing to
excite the fears of the inmates of the house, though s•me
of the cries were of a jocular character.
In the meantime, Superintendent O'Brien, who was
stationed with a reserve of fifty men at Stanhope-gate,
had received information of the movement from Hyde-
park, and brought forward his party with all despatch into
the south end of Park-street. He there formed the men
in a column of sections of ten, having a front of five men,
and marched them up the street, in order that the crowd
might see them coming, and have time to move off. A
smaller body of police had previously mingled with the
crowd, and endeavoured by persuasion to induce them to
disperse, but without effect.
On the approach of Superintendent O'Brien's party,
some of the crowd retired ; but a large body remained, and
received the police with a yell. On entering the crowd,
Superintendent O'Brien called on them in a loud voice to
disperse. Just at that moment he was tripped up, fell,
and hurt his knee. The police who were following him
rushed forward with their staves drawn. Though there

was no serious resistance, some of them, whilst dispersing
and pursuing the crowd, used theirjtaves, and otherwise
acted with violence, inflicting severe Injuries on several
persons who were not shown to have been guilty of any
violence, but who refused to move off when requested so
to do, or who, being inoffensively there, ran or stood still
when the police came up the street. This conduct on the
part of the police was complained of, and will be consi-
dered hereafter.

Superintendent O'Brien states that he gave no orders to
remove the crowd by force, but that he should have
thought it his duty to do so if the crowd had disregarded
his summons to disperse. He expresses his opinion that
in the confusion when he fell, and was prevented from
advancing alon&with his party, the nien mistook his call
on the people to disperse for an order to themselves to
disperse the crowd at once. One person only, the witness
Lewis Frankland, was taken into custody in Park-street.
During the afternoon 71 persons in Hyde-park and one
person in Park-street were removed, pursuant to the order,
to Vine-street Police-station. Ten of these were
charged with felony, and the rest with riotous conduct, or
assaults on the police.
Great complaints were preferred before us of the insuf-
ficiency and unfitness of the cells in Vine street for con-
fining so large a number, and of the suffering experienced
by those confined in them during the Sunday night, and in
some instances on Monday night also. We visited and
inspected these cells. Though they may perhaps be suffi-
cient for the purpose of receiving the ordinary number of
prisoners daily brought there, they certainly were unfit to
confine such large numbers us were placed in them on this
occasion. Even after 31 prisoners had been removed by
direction of Sir R. Mayne and of the superintendent in
charge to the Marylebone and Edgeware-road Stations, the
heat and closeness of the cells caused very great suffering,
and serious risk to the health of those who remained. Seve-
ral, indeed, stated that their health had been affected in
consequence of their confinement.

Many of those taken into custody offered to procure bail,
but the application was postponed by the inspector iu
charge of the st ►lion, and finally rejected, after a reference
to Sir Richard Mayne. This refusal was made the subject of
complaint before us. It appears that under the 2,1 and
3d Vict. the inspector ou duty at any police station has
a discretionary authority to take bail on all charges which
might be summarily disposed of by a magistrate ; but in
this case the charge against most of the prisoners was for
riotous conduct, and the inspector doubted whether he
ought to take bail, and requested instructions from Sir
Richard Mayne. The instruction given was, that no bail
should be taken for those charged with riotous conduct or
actual disorder in the Park, and in the result, though bail
was often offered for certain prisoners, it was uniformly
refused.

Complaint was also made of delay in bringing the per-
sons in custody before the magistrate. None were in fact
brought before the sitting magistrate at Marlborough-
street until between four and five o'clock on the afternoon
of Monday, the 2d July, and the consideration of many of
the charges was postponed until Tuesday, causing deten-
tion in some instances during another night in Vine-
street. although bail was taken on Monday evening for all
charged with misdemeanour who could procure it.
The investigation before the magistrate lea to the fol-
lowing results. Ten had been apprehended as thieves and
pickpockets; of these, five were committed for trial, two
remanded, ono was committed for a month, awl two wore
discharged. Twenty four were charged with riot or throw-
inc, stones; all of them were convicted, and fined, some
10" s., with the alternative of imprisonment of seven days,
others 55., others half a crown. Twenty were charged
with riot or assaults on the police. Of these, four were
fined 10s., three 55., one committed for fourteen days, two
for seven clays, five were discharged on their own recog-
nisance to keep the peace, and four were discharged un-
conditionally. Eighteen were charged with obstructing
the police in the execution of their duty. Five of these
were discharged on their own recognisances to keep the
peace, and thirteen were discharged unconditionally.
According to the police return, forty-nine policemen
were reported as assaulted and hurt; of these twenty-
seven were struck with stones, thirteen with sticks or
pieces of hurdles, seven kicked and knocked down, and one
thrown down and his knee slightly hurt.
In entering on the consideration of the violence and in-
juries imputed to the police, we may remark, that there
has been no evidence before us of any loss of life or bone
broken, of any limb seriously hurt, or permanent injury of
any kind inflicted. Seeing that such formidable weapons,
as the truncheons of the police undoubtedly are, were used
on the occasion, we think there has been some exaggeration
in the evidence which describes them as having been used
with the utmost violence, and so indiscriminately that
neither age nor sex was spared. Many witnesses deposed
that on various occasions women and children were struck,
vet no woman or child appeared before us to complain, nor was
the name of any such sufferer ascertained ; and we are led
to conclude that if such cases did occur they were less
numerous and loss serious than some of the witnesses re-
present.

The accusing witnesses were numerous ; but there were
also many witnesses who came forward, impelled, as they
said, by a sense of justice, and bore testimony to the good
conduct of the police in all that fell under their observa-
tion in the course of the transactions in question. Not a
few of the complainants accompanied their accusations as
to the incidents on this day by stating that the conduct of
the police on the let of July was at variance with all their
former experience, freely admitting that the general cha-
racter of the police stood high for moderation and for-
bearance, and that many policemen on the Ist of July
showed great self-control in the execution of their duty.
On the other hand, it is satisfactory to find that none of
the crowd came armed in any manner, and that no vio-
lence seems to have been contemplated by the general mass
even of those who conducted themselves in a disorderly or
riotous manner. Their intention seems to have been to
limit their interference to shouts and petty annoyances to
those riding or driving in the Park. Nevertheless, we con-
sider that the crowd contained a sprinkling of bad and
dangerous persons, who required the control of the police,
and who, but for such control, might have led the way
and been followed by the thoughtless and inconsiderate
to mischief and damage to property, the extent of which
would only have been limited by the resistance met with.
Whatever view may be taken of the conduct of the police,
their presence and acts on the Ist of Julyhad the effect of
preventing any such result.
After the proceedings in Hyde-park on Sunday the 24th
of June, it was fit and proper that measures should be
taken to secure to all classes the undisturbed exercise of
their right to ride or drive in the Park. The arrangements
for this purpose seem to have devolved on the First Corn-
misioner, Sir Richard Mayne, according to the distribu-
tion of duty sanctioned by the Secretary of State for the
Home Department.
With the prospect of a recurrence on the Ist of Jnly of
the tumults of the 24th of June, it was right to issue some
warning to the public, and to, apprise the unwary that
such proceedings were illegal and would be checked by
the police. The police noticeh which !Inch was advertised, and
also pP
rinted and placarded
also (as we understand it) the n view these objects, and
ing in the Park, at which it Warseanticipated
thea pn beitiicb
subject
eot f-
the Sunday Trading Bill would beid
iscuss ew d andth
et the
usualas-
sembled multitude addressed by speakers,
attempt to hold such a meeting had been foiled by
the police on the 24th of oJune. It seems to us that meet-
ings of this nature might properly be interclieteadu aanrednastifopr
the discussion of popu-
pre ,
mad as novel, and not sanctioned_ by usage, or the re-
gnlations of Hyde-park.
ar Ta
no
dmake topics Hyde-park
exciting epics would be in-
consistent with the chief purp?sesfor which it is thrown
fee n
tnotice
n gani
n wasthis understoodlinaited sense
b
open to and used by the tpeublica.Whethdeirthe holding
any such meeting was conm plted it ie ffio lilt to say
but it is certain that the
p o ii
bmuatn ay; interdicting not
as p is'
meeting or assembly
of large numbers of persons in Hyde-park on the let of
Ju
Thl.
This construction induced m any to go to the park to
assert a right which they imagined to b© impugned by the
notice of the Police Commissioners. Thelanguage of the
notice, and especially the use of the term " meet In ina
sense not clearly defined, seems to
have given some ground
for this construction. The notice, however, produced a
good effect, by inducing many to abstain from going to the
park in carriages or on horseback.

SUPERINTENDENT HUGEIES.
The appointment of, Superintendent Hughes,
accidental, seems to have been warranted by his experiencealthoiigh
of nearly twenty-five years, at Epsom, Ascot, the opening
of Parliament, and other occasions where large crowds are
congregated, on which he had directed the police with ge-
neral approval.
The first object which the police had to effect, in 'order
to protect persons using the drive, was to keep the car-
riage-way clear. When it is considered that an open iron
railing, extending for several hundred yards on both sides
of the way, was lined with a dense multitude, any one of
whom could pass with ease in a moment under the rail,
and that many of the foremost were disorderly, and eager
to balk the police, and choke the road, the moment they
were not restrained, it will be easily understood that this
was a task of great difficulty.
The next object was to check shouts, noises, and other
proceedings which might by alarming horses endanger the
safety of those seeking health and recreation in the drive.
Owing to the excitement of the crowd, and the disposition
of many to give noisy expression to their sentiments, it
way imposibll to effect this object somplately. The at

tempt was harassing to the police, and leading, as it did,
to arrest of individuals, produced irritation in the crowd.
The measure most likely to be effectual was to remove
and keep the people back at some distance from the rails,
so that the noises and gestures of the crowd might produce
less effect, and the drive be kept clear. Sir Richard
Mayne, anticipating that this course might become advi-
sable, mentioned it verbally in the forenoon to Superin-
tendent Hughes, and at 5 p.m. directed it in his written
instructions. It was, however, an operation requiring
judicious management, nob to be attempted without ade-
quate force, and every precaution which tact and temper
in dealing with a crowd could supply.
The conduct of Superintendent Hughes, in his en-
deavours to surmount these difficulties, has been impugned
on several grounds. He has been accused of undue excite-
ment, of using improper language, of having been per-
sonally guilty of many assaults with his horsewhip, and
with issuing to the police, without sufficient grounds,
orders to use their staves, and with failing to control many
excesses on the part of the police under his command.
It is impossible to reconcile the evidence as to the super-
intendent's personal acts of violence. Several witnesses
assert that they saw his horsewhip used, and men and
women struck with it. Superintendent Hughes most dis-
tinctly denies having struck any person, but says that he
cut the air with his whip, with action which might mis-
lead some of the witnesses. His evidence is corroborated
by several witnesses. If women had been struck, as re-
presented, we think it highly probable that we should
have had some woman or her companion as a witness. No
such testimony, however, was laid before us ; neither was
the name of any woman or other person alleged to have
been so struck ascertained. On this state of the case we
consider that, whatever suspicion may arise on the evi-
dence, we might do Superintendent Hughes injustice if we
were to hold this imputation to be proved.
As to excitement, the evidence is again oonflicting.
Superintendent Hughes says he gave his orders with deci-
sion, and showed himself prominent in order to encourage
his men. Assuming that there were moments when he
did not, in giving his orders, or addressing the bystanders,
preserve that coolness of language and manner which is
always desirable, yet, under the difficulties with which
he was beset, we think allowance ought to be made, and
that this charge affecting his demeanour and language, as
distinct from his acts, may be passed over.
In offering an opinion now as to the orders given, weare sensible how mach easier it is in such cases to criticise
the past than to choose the right course of action at the
moment. Superintendent Hughes states that at about 10
minutes past three or 20 minutes to four in the afternoon
he ordered the men to use their staves ; meaning that they
were to be moderately used. This order was given on his
own responsibility. He states that he gave it considering
that the critical moment was come when, unless controlled,
the dangerous elements in the crowd would become un-
manageable, and serious mischief ensue. The road was
then much obstructed, the rough people in the carriage-
way and at the railings were obstinate, and some stones
were thrown at himself and Superintendent Martin.
Weighing all the evidence, however, we think this resort
to violence was not warranted. No attack had been made
by the people, no combined or serious resistance had been
made to the police, the carriages and riders passing were few;
and, considering how many inoffensive individuals were
mixed up with the disorderly portion of the crowd, the
execution of such orders would of necessity be dangerous,
and attended with unjustifiable violence.
If the order to use the staves had been strictly limited
to the clearance of the road we might have considered it
justifiable. There was an obvious propriety in clearing
the carriage-way, and we think there should be little sym-
pathy for those who at such a time refused or delayed to
quit the road, expecting the police to enter into discussion
as to their right of way, or to make exceptions in their
favour. But there was not the same necessity to drive
the crowd from the railings, and still less to clear the space
between the rails and the water of the Serpentine, to which
object it is clear the order extended, and it was in the
course of executing it that the witnesses Vassie, Maxwell,
and others were struck.

It also appears that, after orders issued by Superinten-
dent Hughes, staves wero used by the policemen, who
passed under the rails to drive the crowd back, and who
rushed upon the people from time to time, driving them
back thirty or forty yards over the grass on the north side
of the drive. In the course of these proceedings the wit-
nesses Woodward, Martin, and others wero struck with
staves. The object of these movements were frequently
unintelligible to the people, and consequently the acts of
the police had the appearance of wanton outrage.
If the attempt had been made by an adequate force it
seems to us that the people might have been moved with-
out resorting to the use of staves, and a line might have
been formed and kept at a suitable distance from the
rail ; but the attempts made with inadequate force pro-
duced much of the violence which cannot be justified.
Tt might indeed be difficult to know, before the experiment
was made, how far it would be practicable to remove and
keep hack the crowd from the rail ; but prudence required
that this experiment should have been abandoned imme-
diately the collisions attending it were perceived. But
those charges or rushes of the police on the people were
numerous, and continued for a considerable space of time.
Again, up to a late hour in the evening, when groups
were collected even at a distance from the erive, parties of
the police came rushing forwards, and used their staves to
disperse them. The witness George Jennings and others
were hurt on these occasions. We do not know on what
principle such dispersions by violence can be justified, as
it does not appear that any riotous or other illegal proceed-
ings were going on in these groups.
Some of the witnesses remarked that the conduct of the
police posted along the drive from the east end of the Ser-
pentine to the statue of Achilles contrasted favourably
with the conduct •f those more immediately under Super-
intendent Hughes, and the complaints made before us seem
to support this view ; but it must be considered that
Superintendent Hughes had the chief post of di<turbance
along the line from the east end of the Serpentine to the
Dairy Lodge.

On a review of all the facts in evidence we think that
Superintendent Hughes, in endeavouring to discharge a
difficult and embarrassing duty, gave too much sanction
to the use of the staves, and exercised less control over his
men than a due regard for the safety of unoffending indi-
viduals required. We believe that by a more calm and
forbearing course on his part much angry excitement at
the time, and complaint afterwards, would have been
avoided.

Upon such an occasion of expected tumult it appears to
As that the presence of a superior officer on the scene of
action would have been desirable, and preferable to any
attempt to direst the proceedings from a distance.