The Sun.
London, England, 1855-03-24 00:00:00

tion it is beautiful spring weather. The men are
also re-assuming their military appearance. The
sheep-skin coats have been cast off, and in some
regiments new clothing has been issued. The
Guards look remarkably well, as well as if on guard
at Buckingham Palace. Scurvy is diminishing
rapidly. Most regiments have potatoes or some
other description of vegetables issued twice a week.
We hear now of races and appointments for dog
hunts. The railway is making rapid strides, and is
already of great use in carrying provisions and am-
munition part of the way to the front. The navvies,
taking all things into consideration, behave re-
markably well. It is quite a treat to look at their
magnificent dray horses; the contrast to the miser-
able cattle we have been used to during the past
four months is very great. The convalescent hos-
pital on the hill facing the sea has now 70 patients
in it, and more huts are being erected. The
general hospital continues crowded. Dr. Pine, the
Principal Medical Officer of the 2d Division, was
buried yesterday. He was followed to the grave
by the officers, non-commissioned officers, and
privates of the 4th Diagoou Guards, in which re-
giment he served for seven years. Fenwick, the
assistant-surgeon of the 14th, who died a few days
ago, was buried ou Sunday ; lie was much lamented
by every ono in the regiment. The low fever
which has been so prevalent lately has been very
fatal. Several medical officers have fallen victims
to it. Huts are being erected now, both at
Balaklava and at the front, which hitherto very
distant region seems lately to have diminished its
distance by some miles. The Light Division has
now ten regiments, and they are all very effective
regiments ; only one I believe has less than 500
men. The Naval Brigade, as usual, is in a very
healthy and effective condition. Jack shows that
he has not lived entirely on requisitions all the
winter, but that he has added something more sub-
stantial. . The Tonning arrived yesterday with
cattle. It is giving them brevet rank to call them
cattle.

seeing this commanded a charge against them, and
he himself at the head charged with his accustomed.
courage ; but he was only followed by the Bashi-
Bazouks ; the Tartars, with few exceptions, re-
mained stationary, while the Rediffs, after having
followed for a while, and lost a few men through the
fire of the enemy, turned back and ran. Now the
Cossacks charged and drove back Rediffs, Tartars,
and all. Iskender Bey, who was'only followed by
two Bashi-Bazouks, had to.cut his way back through
the enemy, which he effected, but not without re-
ceiving a sabre cut over the forehead, which pene-
trated tile skull, a lance thrust which glanced of
from his breast, and a cut over the hand which
broke two of his fingers. Four Bashi-Bazouks, six
Rediffs, and one Tartar are lost.
About 2,300 yards from the mounds where the
charge took place the Turkish Cavalry at last stood
and formed. Iskender Bay, notwithstanding his
wounds, which were copiously bleeding, wanted to
remain and return to the charge, and when he was
with great difficulty persuaded to go back to the
town, Sefer Pasha (General Koscelsrky), a Polish
officer took the temporary command. As yet there
was time to repair the loss, as one of the squadrons
which it had sent out to the right was quite close.
while the other would have checked the squadron
of Russian Lancers by making a movement forward
and threatening their flank. Thus reinforced the
Turks would have succeeded to retake their fallen
comrades and perhaps even some of the dismounted
and wounded Cossacks, without having had any-
thing to fear from the lancers to the right.
Their imaginations were over excited, they saw
in every stone a legion of Russians, so after much
riding to and fro the command'was given to retreat
en echelon, which was also executed without any
molestation from the part of the enemy.
When I saw Radiffs, Bashi-Bazouks, and Tartars
running before the Cossack; I could not help re-
membering the saying of Napoleon, that the only
thing which distinguishes the man of genius from
a madman is to be able to distinguish between
difficulties and impossiblities.
There were the" poor Tartars with their formida-
ble infantry muskets and with sabres which they
never had perhaps in their hands before ; there was
a handful of daring Bashi-Bazouks, inimitable in
skirmishing, but by nature I think incapable of
forming a regular line of battle ; and there were
lastly the Redifs, good old papas, who perhaps for
the last 10 years never sat on horseback. How
could it be expected they should charge a well-
mounted, well-armed, and well-disciplined enemy,
scarcely inferior in force. It would have been a
wonder on the contrary if they had not run.
Yet both the Bashi-Bazouks and Tartars, if pro-
perly employed, could be of great service to the
regular cavalry as skirmishers and elcaireurs, but
it seems to me a considerable mistake that of all
other troops cavalry Rediffs should have been
brought over to the Crimea, while so many good
effective cavalry regiments remained behind. They
aee useless as regular and as irregular cavalry, being
neither able to act independently nor to act as a
body. .

The harbour is, still very crowded, but greatly
improved. Wharves are being erected for the land-
ing of stores ; the dirty lazar houses recently occu-
pied by the Turks have all been removed. The few
Turks remaining have been removed to some hos-
pital huts at some distance from the town. These
huts are kept very clean, and great care seems to be
taken of the patien ts. The fortifications on the heights
are being greatly improved and strengthened. Seve-
ral 32-pound howitzers have been substituted for
the 12-pound howitzers originally placed there.
Twelve deserters came over on Wednesday. lam
not aware that they gave any important informa-
tion.

The Highflyer sails to day for Odessa. There
is no news from the fleet.

MARCH 11.

There was heavy firing all night, and innumer-
able rockets were sent into the town by our active
allies. It was a most beautiful sight to witness
the flight of these missiles, some of which, not-
withstanding the calmness of the night, were very
erratic in their course. A heavy fire has been
kept up this afternoon from the Redan, apparently
on one of the new redoubts we and the French
have lately erected iu front of the Second Division.
The fire on the steamer from our battery on
Tuesday morning last was anything but efficient.
Red-shot was used, and lam credibly informed
that out of 60 rounds fired only seven struck her.
Another account says that two only hit her ; at
all events all parties say that the practice was bad
in the extreme.

MARCH 6.
This morning Colonel Symmons went down to
,Kamiesch.

Eupatoria begins inside as well as outside to
assume the character of a fortress. After nightfall
patrols are traversing the streets in every direc-
tion, and no one is allowed to pass without the
parole. At the same time stricter regulations have
been introduced about going out of the town.

TURKEY.
A letter from Constantinople of the Bth says :
" The news of the death of the Emperor Nicholas
first reached this city in the night of the 7th.
The Porte received the intelligence by a Turkish
Major, who heard it at Rustehuk, to which place
it had come from Bucharest and Vienna; he brought
it in two days to Constantinople, and for such ex-
traordinary rapidity received the decoration of the
Nichan, and was advanced to a higher rank in the
army.

THE TURKISH EXI EDITION
IN THE CRIMEA.

(Peon' a Second Edition of the Times of thia day.)
EUPATORIA, MARCH 3.
The last few days have passed entirely without
incidents, if one does not reckon the daily military
promenades among the number of them. Up to
the time of the last attack it was the Russians who
seemed to be bent on this harmless amusement ;
since then the Turks appear to have acquired this
taste from their enemies. They are as regular as
clockwork—one in the morning and another in the
evening, and always at the same hour. I have
lately seen three of them, and the impression
which they made upon me was as if the Turks
were trying to invent a pattern of a military re-
connaissance, or rather as if they had already in-
vented it, and were so convinced of its excellence
that they knew nothing better but to repeat it
over and over again, like the Indians their shawl
pattern. _ _

From the Crimea we learn that the works
of the allies were going on rapidly, but that the
Russians were equally active ill constructing addi-
tional defences. The English. railway was com-
pletely terminated, and it is said that the French
are negotiating with the contractors for continuing
it as far as Kamiesh, which would imply an idea
of a longer occupation of the country than has been
hitherto imagined. The French army is all on the
qui vive, ockiug out for the arrival of the Emperor,
the report of which event was received by all ranks
with the greatest enthusiasm.

- They begin by going out always at the same
door, make a plant, march to the first mound
where the Russian vidottes are ; these latter, when
they see them approaching, mount leisurely and
retire quietly behind the mound towards their
reserves, which having perceived already half an
hour before, the Turks come up and form while the
vidottcs arc retiring. The Turkish cavalry rides
up in a gallop to the mound, bah parties look at
each other, and their evolutions begin in the style
of the fight bet Ween Viola and Sir Andrew Ague-
cheek. When one party advances the other retires,
and vice verse. The Russians deploy in lines, form
in pelatons, throw out skirmishers, while the Turks
and Tartars nytke flank movements and all kinds
of unintelligible evolutions. All this goes on at
the respectful odistanco of from 300 to an incal-
culable number of yards, which does not impede
both parties from discharging their carbines and
pistols.

RUSSIA.
NESSELRODE'S MANIFESTO.
We have received, from Vienna, Count Nessel-
rode's note to the Ministers of Russia at foreign
0 _MI tti. It professes to be a manifesto to Europe
of the intentions entertained by the new Emperor,
and is the first official paper which has appeared on
the subject. The following is a translation :
" ST. PETERSBURG, MARCH 10.
"My despateh, of the 2d inst., w;11
you of the accession of his Majesty the Emperor Alex-
ander 11. I also, at the same time, had the honour of
sending you the manifesto of our illustrious Sovereign;
issued on the first day of his reign.
"This document expresses his Majesty's profound
sense of the importance of the duties which he is called

to fulfil. Those duties have been imposed on him by
Divine Providence in the midst of severe. trials. As-
cendinc, the throne of his ancestors he beholds Russia
involved in a war, the like of which occurring in a new
reign history cannot produce.
" Our illustrimis Sovereign accepts these trials, trust-
ing in God, confiding securely in the unwavering de-
votedness of his people, and filled with religious reverence
for the memory of his much-loved father.
. _

The two commanders salute each other, and then
the Turks go toward the second mound, where the
whole thing begins over again. The other day,
during one of these evolutions, a characteristic in-
cident occurred. A Polish officer who had served
in the Russian army, and who well knows the
Russian soldier, rode in front of the Turkish
cavalry, and, in true Homeric style, challenged the
Russian cavalry to come on. The' answer was a
torrent of abuse from one of the skirmishers in
advance of the Russian line. The officer, adopt-
ing the Russian style of command, replied by an
energetic exclamation, saying, "You —, is
that the way you dare to speak to an officer," on
which the Russian soldier, fn the most humble
manner, answered, "Beg your pardon, Sir, I did
not know you were en officer. This scene, so
characteristic of Russian discipline, reminds me of
similar ones which occurred during the Po isle re-
volution of 1831. Thus several times when the
Russians we re charging the Polish cavalry, the
commanders of the latter had the presence of mind
to exclaim the Russian words of command, "Stoy,
nalvoraget, march" (halt, right about, march),
which were mechanically obeyed by the Russian
cavalry.
The activity on the landing-piers is greater than
ever, through the arrival of soven steamers and
nine sailing vessels, charged mostly with cavalry
and artillery. Now that the vessels and the Turkish
authorities—thanks to Mascher Pasha's (Sir G.
Lakeman) exertions—have got into the way of it,
the embarkation of the cavalry at Seropolis is pro-
ceeding rapidly. Thus the Thames went from hero
to Burgas, was loaded with horses, and returned
again to this place in four days and a half. A
stage is constructed at Seropolis, from which the
horses can be walked into the barges, while the
steamers themselves are only at one cable's length
from the stave. The Thames remained only six
hours, and took in 190 horses.

" In a childlike spirit of piety he accepts as his heri-
tage two obligations, which, in his eyes, are equally
sacred. The first demands from his Majesty the employ.
ment of all the power which the will of God bas placed
in his bands for the defence of the integrity and honour
of Russia. The second imposes on his Majesty of steadily
devoting his care to the completion of that work of
peace, the bases of which were sanctioned by the Em-
peror Necholas.

" Faithful to the idea' which predominated in the last
dispos►tions and arrangements of his illustrious father,
the Emperor has renewed and confirmed the instructions
with which the Plenipotentiary of Russia had been pro-
vided from December until the time when the Vienna
Conferences were to have been opened. In this way the
intentions of the Emperor Nicholas are certain to be
fulfilled. Their aim was—
"To restore to Russia and Europe the blessings of
peace.

• "To confirm the freedom of worship and the welfare
of the Christian peoples of the East, without distinction
of rite.

" To place the immunities of the Principalitiel under
a collective guarantee.

" To secure the tree navigation of the Danube in fa.
•our of the trade of all nations.

" To put an end to the rivalries of the Great Powers
respecting the East in such manner as to preclude the
return of new complications.
" Finally, to come to an understanding with the
Great Powers respecting the revision of the treaties by
which they have recognised the principle of closing the
Dardanelles and the Bosphorus, and in this way to ar-
rive at an honourable settlement.
"A peace concluded upon such a basis as this, since
it would terminate the calamities of war, would call
forth the blessings of all nations upon the new Govern-
ment. Russia, however, feels deeply, and all Europe
must acknowledge the fact that the hope of a restoration
of peace would prove vain, if the conditions of an ad-
justment should overpass that just limit which a sense of
the dignity of the Crown led our august Lord to fix ir-
rovocablY.

Colonel Lc Dieu, the French Commissioner, has
been recalled by his Government. We do not yet
know who is to be his successor.

MARCH 5.

To-day it was decided that a reconnaissance on
a little larger scale should be undertaken. Accord-
ingly three squadrons of regular cavalry, two of
them of the 2d Regiment of Roumeli, called Hadji
Alay, because it was made the pilgrimage to Mecca,
and the third a squadron of R,edirs of the 2d Regi-
ment of Guards, about 30 Bashi-Bazouks, and 150
mounted Tartars, went out under the command of
Iskender Bey.
_

"The Emperor will wait tranquilly until the cabinets
called to deliberate in common with Russia on this ques•
tion of universe' interest for all a)ristendom shall de-
clare the views by which their policy will ba guided.
"Our august Lord will enter upon these important
deliberations in a sincere spirit of concord ; this is the
declaration
.which I am expressly commissioned by his
Majesty to make to you in his name.

"Toe general instructions with which you are pro-
vided prescribe to you the course which you are to
continue to follow in your intercourse with the govern-
ments to which you are accredited. The Emperor, in
confirming you in the post to which you were appointed
by the grace of his illustrious father, _relies implicitly on
your fidelity and zeal. It is his desire that on all occa-
sions your conduct and language should bear witness to
the loyalty with which Russia regards obligations in-
volving fidelity to treaties ; to its constant desire to live
on good terms with all allied and friendly Powers ; and,
finally, to its reverence for the inviolability of the rights
of every state, as well as its firm resolve to maintain in-
tact and make respected those rights which Divine Pro-
vidence has entrusted to the Emperor in making him
the protector of the hon )ur of the nation.
" You are instructed to bring this to the knowledge
of the Court at which you hal the honour to represent
the Emperor Nicholas of gloriou4 and. much-loved
memory, "NESSELRODII."

The Russian videttes occupy a number of mounds
running nearly parallel with those occupied by the
Turkish videttes. The first to our left is close to
the bridge which leads over a creek running inland
from the putrid- lake Sasik, while about the centre
of the whole line are two other mounds not far from
each other, one of which has the appearance as if it
had been opened. These three mounds are the
scene of the daily excursions. Beyond them the
Russian line of videttes falls back towards the little
lake to the north of the town, on whose shore the
white ruins of the Tartar village Meskow .may be
distinctly seek. For the support of the Russian
vi-
dottes there was a squadron of Lancers hid in a
hollow near the bridge to the right, two sotnias of
Cossacks towards the centre on which the videttes
retired when they saw the Turks coming, and be-
sides this a squadron of Hussara on white horses
appeared sometimes towards the let% From the FRANCE.
dailf excursion's of the Turkish Cavalry these forces
as well as their respective positions, were tolerably PARIS, FRIDAY NIGHT.
known. On this Irk nder Boy, who had always The news from Vienna appears to be favourable
led these military promenades,, built his plan. to Fmcv, and at Paris peopl.e are disposed to
He sent the twu squadrons of ti.ze 2d regiment to believe that tho Conference will be attended with
the right in order to keep in cheek the sqiiadron of a happy result.
Lancers, while lie himself, vii..ll the remaining Thu Afoniteur contains the following despatch
squadron of Rediffs, the Bishi-Bazonks, and the from the French Charge d'Affaires :
Tartars, advanced towards the two mounds in the " CONSTANTINOPLE, Milieu 12.
centre. The Russia's videttes retired as usual on "On the 10th the weather was fine atSebastopol,
the grand guard, . but before their reserves could and the new works were nearly completed.
come up, Iskender Boy gave the order to charge, I " Fire broke out last night in the buildings of
and Tartars, Basiii-Bazouks, and Rediffs went off the Ottoman military school, which, by permission
pell-mell to catch the Cossacks, who, keeping their of the Porte, we had converted into an hospital.
skirmisher line, made a precipitate retreat towards i The estab:ishinent, with its entire contents, was
their reserves, which were advancing at full speed. ' consumed ; but no accident or loss of life occurred
Both parties kept up a brisk fire, and the Turks were We cannot attribute this misfortune to any wilful
already in the midst of the retiring grand guard act. The fire broke out in the kitchens."
when the Russian reserves came up. Iskender Bey' The speeches of Lord Lyndhurst And