The Sun.
London, England, 1855-05-28 00:00:00

Russia, or whether a powerful Russian fleet in the
Euxine was indispensable as " a counterpoise to
naval forces that may happen to be in the
Levant ;" but in what manner the preponderance
of Russia in the Black Sea should be limited and
the balance of power restored, in that which was
still to remain a mare clausvm, so far
as the ships of war of all nations
were concerned, was this promise verified ?
Was this solemn obligation in any way fulfilled ?
These are questions which the conduct of Russia,
and we will add of Austria, have rendered neces-
sary, and to which categorical answers must be
returned.

The wilful misapprehension of these terms has
not been simply on the " Third Point," as gene-
rally supposed. It has been extended to at least
three of, if not all, the articles referred to. Thus
in relation to the Danubian Principalitie&, Russia
endeavoured to show that the subject matter re-
lated solely to the maintenance of their immunities
and privileges, when it really referred to the ille-
gitimate influence so long and so improperly
exercised by the Government of St. Petersburg.
These immunities had never been imperilled by
the proceedings of the SULTAN, or any of his
Allies, but they were seriously endangered by
Russia under its pretended " protectorate "—a
" protectorate" similar to that which the wolf
would fain have exercised over its neighbour, the
lamb ; the continuance whereof under any pre-
text could no longer be sanctioned by those who
were so reluctantly compelled to assume arms iu
the cause of right against might. ...
As to the navigation of the Danube, the pro-
fessions of Russia were altogether at variance with
its practice for the last quarter of a century. It
was the wilful neglect of Russia to discharge an
obligation which it had undertaken, that permitted
the accumulation of sand, and rendered useless
one of the most magnificent commercial highways
in tie world. Nothing but the hostilities that.
have broken out, and the temporary annihilation
of the naval power of Russia in the Euxine could
have averted a state of affairs so injurious to the
best interests of Germany ; and it is well that
what Count WALEWSKI significantly remarks in
that respect should be universally recognised, that
" if :Germany obtains this immense advantage
for her commerce she will owe it to the blood shed
by France and England !"
The most important part of this interesting
document, however, is that relating to the Third
Point. The French Minister lifts the veil from
Russian diplomacy, and shows how utterly futile
and illusory were both branches of the alternative
offered by Prince GORTSCHAKOFF, as well that
founded on the opening as on the closing of the
Bosphorus and the Dardanelles, to the war flags
of all nations. By the first mode (which would
be a direct infraction of the sovereign rights of
the SULTAN), there would be afforded " the means
and the pretext for augmenting in vast propor-
tions her maritime development," while the pri-
vilege afforded to foreign squadrons would be
either wholly illusory, or would impose the ne-
cessity on France and England of sustaining
continually very onerous pecuniary sacrifices,
and the temporary tranquillity resting on
such uncertain foundation would be per-
petually endangered. 'The second branch, or
the restoration of the' status quo, would be
equally objectionable, and the truce thereby ob-
tained would be equally transitory. Constanti-
nople would still be perpetually menaced, and. the
first application for assistance would be the signal
for new and more desperate -hostilities than any
yet waged.

Mr. Moody.
Sir G. Berkeley.
Sir J. Bailey
Mr. H. Cole.
Lord Burghley.
Mr. Pagh.
Mr. West.
Mr. Drag.
Mr. Cubitt.
Mr. Holford.
Mr. Hawkins.
Mr. G. A. Hamilton.
Lord Bernard.
Sir J. Carnac.
Mr. Long.
Mr. Floyer.
Mr. Montgomery.
Mr. Ireton.
Mr. J. Hamilton.
Colonel Cole.
Lord Robert Cecil.

COURT CIRCULAR.

In like manner there was a total misapprehen-
sion of the true intent and meaning of the Fourth
Point, which was not in tended as a corollary to
the insolent proposition of MENSCHIKOFF, as
Russia would fain have implied, or an undue in-
terference with the independence of the SULTAN
in his own dominions. Count NESSELRODE'S Cir-
cular proves that the representatives of the Allied
Powers ware more than justified in postponing
the consideration of the Fourth Point until an
understanding had been arrived at on the others,
and that the professions of Russia were as hollow
and insincere on that as on the remainder.
We thank Count WALEWSKI for this able and
conclusive document. We thank him in the
name of Great Britain, of Turkey, of Europe. He
has already secured for himself the commendation
of his Imperial master, and the gratitude of his
countrymen. We hope and believe that France will
henceforward, by the vigour and energy of her
proceedings, prove that she is resolved to make
amends for past omissions, and to conquer that
which will really be an honourable and a perma-
nent peace. The important successes just achieved,
that have given possession of Kertch, Yenikale,
and the Sea of Azoff, and the works established
as a "place d'armes" before Sebastopol, may be
regarded as the inauguration of a new policy,
from which we are justified in anticipating the
most auspicious results.

So Ministers have clutched their holidays, hav-
ing but half-learned the lesson they tried so hard
to shirk altogether. Heaven grant that when they
should return to school again they may not be con-
victed of truancy. They partly see indeed what in-
struction the House would give them as to their
behaviour in the recess, but the House itself ap-
pears to us strangely deceived as to the real sen-
timents of the country. No one there has vet
raised the issue which the country desires to see
tried. Mr. DISRAELI failed so completely because
he, or rather his party, shrink as much as any
other from a motion worthy of their country. A
cold censure of Government " ambiguities," pledg-
ing the mover, if in power, to nothing much
better than those he would oust, the House might
safely reject. The country does not want a
man in office with no clearly defined
pledge to an utterly different course from
that of the present Government. So strongly does
the practical sense of our nation " let bygones be
bygones ;" so clearly does it always demand, not
, vengeance for the past, but an adequate pledge of
new measures which may retrieve mistakes—that,
while enjoying the sarcastic exposure of past mis-
doings, it wanted from DISRAELI'S party a posi-
tive offer of quite different tactics. The Con-
servatives' motion, so far as it was peculiar, was
purely negative. The prosecution of the War with
vigour could be promised by Government as well
as by the Opposition. The country wanted
more. It wanted two things—a strong con-
demnation of the Four Points 'themselves as
utterly disgraceful and illusive, and a bold and
manly definition of much more important objects
as necessary to " a safe and honourable peace."

On Wednesday next the annual meeting of the various
delegates of the Yorkshire Union of Mechanics' Insti-
tutes will be held at York. An unusually large gather-
ing is expected. The union now comprises 130 institu-
tions, having 36 libraries and reading rooms, containing
upwards of 250,000 volumes. The entire aggregate of
members exceeds '200,000. Lord Goderich, M.P., will
preside over the public meeting in the evening.
How TO CAST A SHOT OR SHELL POE A Two GROOVE
RIFLE CANNON.—A writer in a morning contemporary
says :-11 a shot or shell of the cylindro-conoidal form be
cast in a two-grove rifle cannon, or what is commonly
called Lancaster's " oval gun," composed of the mixture
of two parts zinc and one block tin, the shot or shell will
then fit correctly into the two grooves of the rifle cannon,
and its flight wiJ be always correct.
THE SHIP JAMES BAINES.—The Liverpool police court
has been occupied in hearing the charge against Capt.
M'Donnell, of the ship James Baines, lately arrived from
Australia, for supplying bad- provisions and selling spirits
on the homeward-boand voyage. Several second and
third-ele&e-passengere deposed that bad beef, fish, flour,
and biscuit had been served ont to theloh spntrary to,
their expectations. It was contradicted by other pas-
sengers and the officers of the ship. The case was (lie-
missed.

its banners.
Every party can inscribe them on
For ourselves we are sick of those cant words.
Earl GREY and the Manchester men would readily
adopt them. It is not the words, but the sense
attached to them on which all depends. Let
sumo Davi, fit to be a leader; propose a resolution
in which those words shall be translated, and we
may then have the true issue raised. Amend-
mauls -may then be made by each party to, express,
their aever'4l39.tions 0! safety And-honour,;= The,
,
Proved from the first,
utterly dishonourable
Four Points are, as we
utterly unsafe, as a basis

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, MAY 28, 1855,

ENTRUSIABM FOR THE WAR IN NEW
SOUTH TALES.

of peace. We need not repeat our arguments ; the
debate has done that sufficiently. The thing wanted
is a solemn enunciation, on the part of England 1 The following is an extract of a letter from Sydney,
herself of an ultimatum worthy of us and New South Wales, received by a gentleman in London,
dated March 6, 1854 :
,
of France —an avowal that we go in to "The news of the sanguinary affair at Inkerman has
win and that win we will. The basis of such excited the most extraordinary degree of enthusiasm and
sympathy throughout the colony. A public meeting
an ultimatum must be that the power of was held at the theatre to raise subscriptions in aid of
Russia has been nefariously increased, is so in- the Patriotic Fund. Very large sums were put down,
commencing with the contribution of Daniel Cooper for
creasing, and ought to be diminished. The Cri- 1,0001., and 5001. a-year during the continuance of the
mea and Circassia, the Danube and Bessarabia, war. Several of the banks gave 5001. each, and a great
number of private individuals subscribed sums varying
and Bomarsund, of what we have already attempted
from 2501. to 1001. The city was subsequently divided
should stand first ; Poland next, and so forth. into districts, and collectors appointed to each,
ward being assiit,ned to myself and —. In our per-
Extreme this, of course, would be called by the .
Honourable Members for the aristocracy and the in three days
ambulations through this very limited area we collected
about 3,5001. I believe that the aggregate
of the subscriptiens raised in Sydney will be little short
cotton-spinners, for bribery and Government in-
of 30,0001. This is certainly a gratifying proof of the
fluence ; yet that is the line of the people's truly British sympathies by which the people of the
thoughts ; and the course dear to their hearts, and colony are influenced, and, I think, affords an unequi-
vocal argument that, whatever temporary causes of dis-
the only course which would speedily lead to a content may exist between it and the home authorities,
"safe and honourable peace." It is net taxes and
its loyalty is unimpeachable."
loans they grudge, but they do grudge them for
sending Lord JOHN RUSSELL to Vienna merely
to potter over protocols about saving the honour
of Russia. The honour of Russia I Who imagines
that she has a particle of it to save ? After the
picture drawn of her on Friday night in the House
of Lords—as a restless territorial thief for the
last century—as a convicted conspirator against
the world from Bomarsund to Petropaulovski,
from Cronstadt to Sebastopol, who in his senses
would dream of discussing what honourable
terms we could offer a CZAR I
It was justly observed that the craven tone of
our Governments from the beginning, with the
speeches of Manchester members, Earl GREY, and
the like, were the lure which led NICHOLAS into
war—a view we have again and again maintained.
We would put it to our motion and amendment
makers, however, whether they are net doing a
mischief of the same kind. When NESSELRODE
reads over the list of motions and amendments
will not the tone of the Opposition encourage him
more even than that of the Government ? He will
see that the very censurers of Ministers all shrink
from any proposal that Russia need care about.
No one even ventures to say that reducing the
Black Sea to a commercial lake is a point without
gaining which we will make no peace. NESSELRODE
well knows that if Russia be allowed a solitary mau-
-1 of-war there, a constant Mediterranean navy would
soon cost France and England as much as her pre-
sent force in that sea. No one demands the Cri-
mea, Bessarabia, a free Circassia, &c. NESSELRODE
sees all this timidity, shrugs his shoulders, and
declares "Russia shall fight on yet. She is to
lose no stolen territory, not even to pay the
Allies a single rouble for the cost she has put
them to. Russia shall try the utmost of war, and
at the worst Lord JOHN RUSSELL will take care
of our honour, and save us humiliation" !
In the debate Lord JOHN let out another
proof of the fatal insanity which has tied
our statesmen to Austria. Ashamed as he
well might be of his famous announcement that
he did not wish to deprive Russia of her stolen
territories, he now alleges in defence that
Austria compelled them to the stipulation ! Aus-
tria compel England and Franca to truckle to
Russia ! Can infamy go lower ? We believe the
most popular motion or amendment just now
would be one that declared Austria one of the
most prolific .causes of suffering to the Allied
troops, of suffering to the Principalities, of ignomi-
nious negotiations, of Russian insolence to the
Allies, and which demanded that no further inter-
course be held with her on the subject of War and
Peace. But no—leading honourable members on
both sides were found who could speak smoothly
and apologetically for this degraded yet mischiev-
ous Power—the author of so much mischief to us,
the hinderer of so much good. This hypocritica.
style of talking about a country, which all must
in their hearts despise, is another incentive to
Russia ; for she knows she can always use Austria
as her tool. How secure Russia felt all through
the Conferences while nestling under Austria's
trembling wing !
Well, the House of Commons is gone to play
for a week. What will our Cabinet do meanwhile?
Russia and Austria have doubtless had their eye
steadily fixed on this opportunity. They know
whom they can trust, and when their diplomatic
cousins are most at liberty' for mischief. Already
—to prepare us for cajolery—another Conference
is announced at Vienna. Let the Press again
keep faithful watch. The need of it is now
well proved. Mr. GLADSTONE has fully revealed
the perfidy to the nation of the Aberdeen Cabinet,
and shown that all our fears from the mission of
Prince MENSCHIKOFF to the fall of the Peelites,
were fully justified. .Vienna, Protocols have
proved that we did not in vain warn
the country that it was in the last danger
of a most ignominious, insecure, and,
therefore, eventually, most costly peace. We
warn our country again. The same ruinous po-
licy is still adhered to which we last denounced,
of making the accursed mediation of Austria,
who has played pawnbroker with the Principali-
ties, a ground of hope for peace, instead of throw-
ing away the scabbard, and announcing that we
intend to dictate peace at the point of the sword.
We repeat, if we wish for peace, one course only
will obtain it. We must inform Austria that we
have done with her mediation ; that Russia, by
her own conduct, has cancelled any obligation
which Ministers (not England) ever felt to respect
her stolen territories ; that from this moment we
refuse ever to allow an armed Russian ship on
the Black Sea ; and that
.every foot of ground
which our soldiers gain the Allies will dis-
pose of as they please, but that it never NW
revert to Russia again. Let her puppet Austria
carry this message to the CZAR, and we only fear
he would demand peace before Sebastopol was
taken. Coward negotiations and avowals have at
once encouraged Russia to fight and slackened our
efforts. Oh for genius and energy to try what
Ancompro ta ising defiance would do ! Tender care
for Russia's honour {save the mark!) - has put an
idea into her head which would never else have
been there. Let us try what tender care for our
own, and hearty determination to humble the
pride we have fostered, will now effect. Russia
is brave in her diplomacy with trucklers. When-
ever a conference comes again, let us send as our
plenipotentiary the man whose powers to resist
even their " baiting" the House of Commons
have twice tried, he remaining master of the
field.

PAIRS ON MR. DISRAELI'S MOTION.

AGAINST.
Mr. Hutchins.
Mr. Macaulay.
Mr. Craven Berkeley.
Mr. Bagshaw.
Mr. Richardson.
Mr. Milligan.
General Buckley.
Colonel Ferguson.
Mr. Heathcote.
Mr. Willcox.
Mr. Power.
Mr. Beareish.
Mr. M. Williams.
Sir T. O'Brien.
Mr. John O'Connell.
Mr. Locke.
Mr. Deasy.
Sir T. Winning,ton.
Mr. Fagan.
Mr. M. Dunne.
Lord Euston.

LATEST NEWS.

OSBORNE, MAY 27.
The Queen and Prince, accompanied by Prince Alfred,
the Princess Hohenlohe, Princess Adelaide, and Prin-
cess Feodore, went to Parkhurst Barracks yesterday
afternoon, where her Majesty inspected the depot bat-
talion, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel
Jeffreys.
The Queen returned to Osborne about 6 o'clock.
The Prince of Wales rode on horseback, attended by
Mr. Gibbs.
Her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert,
the Prince of Wales, Prince Alfred, and the Princess
Royal, the Duchess of Kent, the Princess Hohenlohe,
Princess Adelaide, and . Princess Feodore, attended
Divine service this morning at the parish church at
Whippingham.
The Rev. George Prothero officiated.

A deputation from the London University, consisting
of Lord Overstone, the Earl of Burlington, Mr. J.
Shaw Lefevre, Mr. IL Warburton, and Mr. Rotham,
bad an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer
on Saturday at his official residence in Downing-street.
Despatches were brought by an officer from Corfu to
Lord John Russell at the Colonial-office on Saturday.

The Earl of Clarendon, Lord Panmure, Lord Palmer-
ston, Sir Charles Wood, and, indeed, nearly all the
leading Ministers, intend to remain in London for the
holidays. The Duke of Argyll was to leave town yester-
day for a few days, and Lord John Russell also purposes

a brief sojourn at Richmond.
The Countess of Clarendon had an assembly on Sa
turday night at the family mansion in Grosvenor-cres•
cent. It was very fully attended by the foreign diplo•
matic body and a brilliant circle of the aristocracy stir

remaining in town.
The Countess Bernstorff had an afternoon juvenile

party on Saturday at Prussia House, Carlton- House-
terrace, at which a large circle congregated. Their
Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge and the
Princess Mary, and the Hereditary Grand Duchess of
Mecklenburg Strelitz honoured the Prussian Minister
and Countess by their presence.
The Earl de Grey, President of the Royal Institute
of British Architects, received the council and office-
bearers at dinner on Friday last. A numerous assembly
of members of the institute, and of other scientific socie-
ties, with many of his lordship's private circle, took place
at the president's conversazione on the same evening.
Prince de Metternich has just given a grand fete at
Vienna, to celebrate the 83d anniversary of his birthday.
The Atheneum states that Dr. Hoffman has been no-
minated to the office of Assayer of the Mint.
Colonel Rawlinson has arrived in London from Bag-
dad, having brought to a close the excavations in As-
syria and Babylonia which he has been superintending
for the last three years on behalf of the Trustees of the
British Museum.
7001. has been paid over to the Wellington College
from the proceeds of the late amateur dramatic perform-
ance at Drury-lane Theatre. 501. has been contributed
to the fund for Mr. Angus Reach.
The Royal Agricultural Society have issued the pro-
gramme of their intended proceedings at Carlisle, com-
mencing July 19.
In a farewell address to his late constituents Mr.
Phinn intimates that he has withdrawn entirely from
political life.
Yesterday being the first Sunday in Trinity term, the
ancient ceremony of " churching the Judges" was per-
formed at St. Paul's Cathedral.
LIVERPOOL, May 27.—The Golden Age has gone on
shore near Panama ; the passengers, mails, and specie

are saved.
News has been received that the Sardinian contingent,
all of which arrived in the Crimea, has after a long nego-
tiation, been placed under the command of General Can-
robert.
As Baron Hess, the Commander-in-Chief, has not
been able to quit Vienna, Count Schlick, the Com-
mander of the Gallician army, is inspecting it. Accord-
ing to the medical bulletin of yesterday, Prince Gort-
scbakoff, the Russian Minister, had passed a good night,
and was better.
General Valsin Esterhazy arrived at Marseilles on the
25th inst., on his way to take the command of a division
of cavalry in the army of the East.
The steam aviso Goeland left Lorient on the 25th
inst. for Brest, having in tow the gun boats Tocsin and
Bombe, which belong to the French division in the
Baltic. On the 26th he floating battery Lave was
launched at Lorient.
Marshal Harispe died on the 26th inst. at Bayonne, at
a very advanced age.
The notorious Tom Provis, alias "Sir Richard Hugh
Smyth, Bart.," whose impudent attempt to grasp the
Smyth property at Stapleton and Ashton must be re-
membered, died on Sunday afternoon in the infirmary of
Dartmoor prison. He had been ailing for some time.
THE POISONING CASE AT EASTBOURNE.—A communi-
cation has been received from Professor Taylor, to the
effect that he has discovered poison in the stomach of
Mrs. Flora Head, which was sent to him for analysation
immediately after the adjournment of the second inquest
on the 9th inst. On the receipt of the communication,
' the coroner, F. H. Gell, Esq., issued his warrant for the
apprehension of Stephen Peters, the young man whom
Harriet Dowell alleges put arsenic intethe old lady's
supper porter. The warrant was placed in the hands of
Superintendent Flanagan, who apprehended Peters at
Hailsham, on Thursday afternoon, and conveyed him to
the county gaol at Lewez, where he will be detained
until Monday, when the inquest will be resumed, and
Professor Taylor will be in attendance to lay before the
jury the result of the analysis which he has made.—
Sussex Express.
THE Loss OP THE EHIGRANT SHIP JOHN.—The in-
quiry into the above case, before the Sheriff of Cornwall,
for which the warrant has been lodged by the Board of
Trade, takes place at Bodmin on or about the 18th of
June. Numerous claims are being tent in to the. Board
of Trade official, by the representatives of the unfortu-
nate people who lost their lives'%y this extraordinary
wreck. The questions arising out of it, and the applica-
tion of the Merchant Shipping Act of last year, excite
great interest amongst mercantile men and shipowners,
and are deeply important to them and to the public at
large. The course pLaction in this case will, of course,
form a precedent for the future application of the powers
of the act. Lieutenant Timothy Carew, R.N., the emi-
gration officer at Plymouth, who inspected the John, has
resigned that appointment.
THE NEW NEWSPAPER PRESS.—Manchester is pre-
paring to take advantage largely of the Chancellor of
the Exchequer's new measure for repealing the stamp
duty. Little more than 12 months ago there were only
three newspapers—one weekly, and the other two semi-
weekly journals ; now there are to be one daily evening
and four daily morning papers. The Examine). and
Times have given notice that they will reduce the price
on Wednesdays and Saturdays from sd. to 3d. each
paper, and publish on the other four days of the week,
under the title of the Manchester Daily Times, at
much
more u
c
b afternoonlofar
epaa
Guardiannpne ro
ucanl
el
iehndags
thea publishedEdav ie
,
andmld o.re issue
The an
Manchestersimple
instead of a semi-weekly one, and, instead of charging
10d. for the two, giving six papers for ls. per week. In
other words, the Guardian will be sued at 2d. instead
of sd. each paper, including once a week at least a large
supplementary sheet. Then, in addition to these three
daily papers, there is the existing War Telegraph, and
the daily Express is to be resuscitated. Sev oral new
weekly papers are also projected. The Chancellor of
the Exchequer expressed an opinion that there would
not be much addition to the number of newspapers when
the stamp duty was repealed, but that the circulation
of existing papers would be increased ; but the opinion
of people much more likely to be able to form a correct
estimate of the sentiments and dispositions of country
printers is very different. Few towns of more than
2,000 inhabitants, and having a printing' press, it is
thought, will be long without a weekly newspaper, large
or small ; so that, instead of a few, we shall have 1,000
to 1,500 additional political instructors. The tone of
most of them, in times of great popular excitement, it
Inyi ng at
publication News,
may be presumed, will be taken from one or two of the
leading London morning papers, and the power of the
press on public opinion will be felt to au cutout of which
We 4Vie sow but a faint coucoptiou.

PARIS, MONDAY, MAY 28.

CRIMEA, MLy 25, 10 P.M.

The Moniteur publishes the following :
The following despatches have been received
by the Minister of War from General Pelissier :

To-day we have occupied the line of the Tcher-

naya. The enemy, who were not in force,
offered little resistance in disputing the ground,

and retreated rapidly into the hills.
We have definitively established ourselves in
the works carried on the nights of the 22d and