The Sun.
London, England, 1855-04-04 00:00:00

SWEDEN.

A letter from Stockholm states that the Russian
Admiral, Count Von der Heyden had arrived in
that city, and notified to the King of Sweden the
death of the Emperor Nicholas ; also, that. M.
Daschkoff, the Russian Minister, 'had presented
new credentials, which accredited him as ,Ministei
of the Emperor Alexander. The letter likewise
states that the King had ordered that a battalion
of bombardiers and two battalions of gunners, be-
longing to the divisions of the flotilla which were
disarmed at the beginning of the winter, should be
called into active service. It remarks, that this is
the only warlike measure which has been adopted
during the present year ; and that it forms d strik-
ing contrast with the extraordinary activity in
making military and naval preparations which was
displayed about this period last year.

.A letter of the.sth ult. from Seragevo (better
known by the name of Bosna-Serai), in the Afoni-
teur, says :—" Kourchid Pacha returned two clays
ago from his expedition to Novi-Bazar, in the south
of Bosnia, and in the districts of Bihor. and Ter-
gova. Those turbulent districts have been restored
to order. Kourchid Pacha took advantage of the
salutary impression produced by his presence to
organise a. local administration ; and has appointed
a council, containing at least two Christians in
every district. Father Mariano Sunitch, ex-pro-
vincial of the order of Franciscans of Bosnia, has
been named by the Holy See bishop of that pro
vince."

A letter from Smyrna, of the 24th, says :
"Suleyman Paella, the new Gloyernor-General and
formerly Turkish Ambassador at Paris, arrived
here on the 15th. In his speech to the members
of the Medglis (municipal council), he declared that

he was most anxious to see the 'protection of the
laws equal for all, and the people treated with
equity and kindness."

The convention between the *Governments of
France and Holland for the reciprocal protection
of literary property was signed at the Hague on the
29th ult., by Baron d'Andre, the French Minister
Plenipotentiary,sand M. Van Hall, the Dutch Mi-
nister of Foreign Affairs.

A letter of the 24th ult. from Rome, in the
Piemonte of Turin, states that the Bank of Rome
is in so precarious a condition that it is preparing
to wind up its affairs. It is to be succeeded by
another bank, to be established by Prince Torlonia
and Messrs. de Rothschild.

The King of Hanover has conferred the Grand
Cross of the Royal Order of the Guelphs upon
General de Budberg, Adjutant-General of- the
Emperor of Russia.

WHAT ARE PUBLIC SERVANTS
DISMISSED FOR?

Sir Charles Napier, on his return from the Baltic, was
ordezed to strike his fl ig and come ashore with less of
courtesy than h real gentleman would have expended on
the dismissal of a cabman. Yet at the Seamen's Hospital
dinner Lord Palmerston and Adrnii:al Berkeley could
scarcely find words strong enough to express their admi-
ration of Sir Charles, and their approbation of his con-
duct in the Baltic. Lord Lucan was recalled from the
Crimea ; but the posse comitatus of Ministers join in a
chorus of eulogiums on Lord Lucan—he is faultless in
their eyes. Mr. Kennedy. was dismissed from the
Woods and Forests ; but a minute is entered on the re-
cords of the Treasury praising Mr. Kennedy to the skies.
The only inference one can draw from these, and many
similar instances, is, that men are turned out of their
offices because they have deserved well of their country.
It would seem to follow, that for a man to be left in
office is tantamount to a declaration that he is inca-
pable or untrustworthy. If this be the case, no one can
doubt the validity of the titles by which a majority of
our existing officials hold their appointments.—Daily
News.

THE REPORTED DEATH OF DR. BARTH.—The following
iq an extract of a letter from Malta, dated the 26th of
Marcia • —" A highly interesting letter from Colonel
Herman, her Majesty's Consul at Tripoli, has reached
the island, dated March 13. It says—`You will, lam
confident, be delighted to hear that the rumour of Dr.
Barth's death was unfounded. A letter from him, dated
Kana, 15th Nov. last, reached me yesterday. Hef then
calculated on arriving at Moorzouk within three months,
but which, as he purposed moving by the circuitous
route of Kooka, he never would accomplish. The rumour
of his death was fabricated by the ex-ruler of Bornou for
the purpose of possessing-himself of a depot of suppliesl
that had been formed at Zejban against the doctor's re-
turn, and in which he succeeded. The overthrow of this
man was most fortunate, otherwise the fabricated report
might have been converted into a stern 4 reality,"
_

IS PEACE POSSIBLE WITHOUT TAE
.EAZING OP SEBA.STOPOLI

(From the Journal des Debuts.)
It is now for nearly 40 years that we have been de'
fending the maintenance of the peace of Europe, because
we believe that peace is the surest guarantee of civil*
tion. This pacific policy is a tradition we have received
from oar predecessors. . . Not that we have
senseless antipathy for all war, whatever it be; not that
we are not the grateful admirers of the great militsrl
and political services which the army has rendered ta
our country for more than 25 years. We believe that
the war of Spain; in 1823,l contributed to the honour
and ascendancy of France in Europe ; we are pleased
with the liberating intervention of France in Greece ; We
like the war of Algiers in 1830, the siege of Ant-
werp in 1831, the occupation of Ancena, the conquest
of Northern Africa, from 1810 to 1848, the expedition
of Rome in 1849. Neither have we hesitated to believe
that it was necessary to risk a war to arrest the encroach'
ments of Russia upon Turkey, and to ['reserve the We'
pendence of the Ea-t. . . We are not then partisans of
peace at any price ; but we believe that war should have
an object, and that as soon as that is attained, heirl
fectly even (for all human undertakings can have n""e,
but imperfect objects), that it should be eagerly laid bold
of and secured by an intelligent peace ; a peace not
feeble and poet erless, but a peace protected by a fleet,
and by an army always in readiness to march. With
this doctrine. no one can be' astonished that we have
welcomed with joy the hopes of peace which arrive
from Vienna lt is in this spirit that W 0
wish to examine what are the advantages and
the conveniency of peace . . • . We prefer, we do
not hesitate to say, peace without, than war with, the
capture of Sebastopol. We know well that there arc
persons who, arranging affairs as it shall please them;
ray—Why not take Sebastopol ? we shall make peace
afterwards. Such persons suppose that peace is in Se"
bastopol ; but who has told them Oath was not, on the
contrary, war that we should find there, and a war
longer and more destructive than that we have seen for
the last six months. The question is not for us to lino!'
whether we shall take Sebastopol ; we doubt not the
bravery of our army any more than of its victories.
question for us is to know whether we wish peace or War*
If peace, why take Sebastopol at the price of great sacra'
flees ? eere is the good of buying with the blood of We
know not how many thousand soldiers a place which
must be surrendered when once peace is signed ?Ah',
If a re-arrangement of the map of Europe is desired, if it
is wished to take away from Russia her coasts and her
acquisitions of the Black Sea, then the capture of Selleil
topol is indispensable, at whatever cost, and not to stop
there. Cronstadt also must be taken ; Russia must be
re-made into purely a continental power without access
to the Baltic and the Baltic Sea, 'or, perhaps, even to
the Caspian ; at the most Archangel may be left to her;
the Grand Duchy of Muscovy must lastly be remade,
and the work of Peter the Great and of a century and
half unmade. We do not say that this policy may not
have its grandeur, but assuredly it is-not without its
difficulties, and if we set
.ourselves to the work it will he,
for our descendants atone to finish it. . , We bac',
otherwise grounds for believing in the real weakness 0'
Russia, after the ill-suecess of her campaign beyond the
Danube. Having seen her impuiseancefor the offensive, vie •
came to the conclusion that she would be feeble also on`
the defensive. Events have deceived our expectations.
• - But Russia will not remain quiet within her
own limits, and she will attack her neighbours. Yee,
and it is or that France and England have very legit''
mately mode war upon her ; and we do not hesitate to
say that, if the Western _Powers believe themselve no'
able to protect the independence of the East aed its
future otherwise than by war, war they must wage, and
urge it to the last extremity. France and England cat'
not sign a peace which some day should deliver Constar'
tinople to Russia. Yes, we repeat, if it is believed that
there are no guarantees of sufficient force in diplomatic
stipulations and military conventions to secure the lac'
pendence of the East, the war should be continued,.
that is to say, Sebastopol should be taken.
When in August last the Western Powers proclaimed
the four fundame tat conditions of the future peace,
they conceived that mese conditions sufficed for guariar
teeing the independence of the East. To our mind the,'
were right, for with the Principalities enfranchised from.
the domination of the Russian Consul at Bucharest,
with the freedom of the Danube, and above all with the
80-phores and the Black Sea open to the military marlil
of the West, and the protectorate of the Christians 0'
the East exercised in common by the Christian powers,
the preponderance of Russia is destroyed. In accept'
ing the four conditions Russia does not fall back upon
the treaties of Bucharest or'even of Adrianople ; neither
does she return upon the treaty-of Vienna, and that is wbi
the four conditions may he accepted by her without die
honour; but she withdraws from all the advancements
and all the encroachments which her ambition dreamed
of in the East ; she retreats from all the sprimg-forwar',
policy initiated by the embassy of Prince Meeschikoff ;
and there is the cause why the four condition's acceptable.
for her are excellent for us. But Russia, they say, is
not sincere ; such was the belief before the death of the
Emperor Nicholas ; but since his death the belief or
pears no longer to be the same. . . The young Czar
inspires less distrust. His youth and his newness,
without speaking of other causes of confider:ce, !are re'i
assuring for his sincerity, ai,d Au tria, Prussit, and
England appear to believe that he desires peace sip'.
cerely. The French Government enters into 104
idea, and we are. glad of it. The death of a powerful
adversary may be counted for something in its appeasing
influence upon a quarrel. The European public seemed
to believe that the Emperor Nichelas was the cause
of the mar, and that he carried the war with hill'
into his tenth. This idea should weigh much in the de;
liberations of Vienna. What power, in effect, would
take the place of the Emperor Nicho'as in the prejudices
and discontents of the European public, and pass ft?!
the author or the prolonger of the war ? Assuredly
will not be France, for she has not, nor can she have'
in the ear of the East, any thought of territorial er
maritime aggrandisement ; she has no more than cf
Eutopean interest in it—that of the independence ce
the East. Beyond that she is the most disinteresle7
of the Powers engaged in the struggle, and she it is at
the same time that has taken the largest share in Or
contest ! Shall it be pretended by chance that it 0
that alone which should engage the Government to CO'I
tinue the war even to the capture of Sebastopol, that
to say, to render the war illimitable and eternal ?
reasoning wonld be strange . . . Shall it be said tbni
military honour imposes upon us the obligation cci
taking Sebastopol, that we are on the ground, ay
ought to remain there ? This is to confound filai,
4-propos the duel and war. Our honour • is, than
God, protected by the victories we have achieved . •
and history will not forget, whatever the treat,'
that shall intervene, the days of Alma and Inhel
man. vI know well the English journals say that
England having- made war badly ought to continue it se,
take her revenge. I believe those journals deceive Oil:
selves on this point even with respect to &glen
they would deceive themselves more in the applicatitla
of this reasoning to France. . Let 'us not confonri
military honour and obstinacy. Such therefore is the
last phase of this question which presents itself, peace,
if the Congress of Vienna concludes it in the eircleni
in the terms of the four guarantees laid down for
more than six monthp, would it be a safe and honour"
able peace? It will be an ,honourable and safe peace;
if we desire to measure it well, not by the illusiona
of the first days of war, and the triumphant an
false news hailed by public rejoicing,
tages but by the advalr
retre ti
obtained by
Rh
Western Alliance, and by till
,ng steps of ussia. . . Lastly, the peace
not only be honourable, but sure, if, ad in making Pea;
the Western Alliance continues not withstanding, to
watt,e,o
c
over the internal state of Turkey, and if it can alortlJ
provide that its fleet and soldiers shall be enabled
it
arrive there before the fleet and soldiers of Russia; gel
realises, lastly, the liberty of the Black Sea by the 00,,';
struction on Its shores of military and maritime establisP;
meas. To leave the East to itself would be to delivti
it sooner or later to Russia, and the intervention of 18vt
should have for its inevitable consequence the penman°
assistance of the West in the East.