The Sun.
London, England, 1855-11-03 00:00:00

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The following general order has been issued :
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" The Queen having been pleased to command that a
clasp bearing the inscription Sebastopol' shall be added
to the Crimean medal, in order to mark the high sense
which her Majesty entertains of the services of the army
during the late arduous operation before Sebastopol, the
Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief desires that this
mark of her Majesty's gracious approbation shall be
communicated to the army by general order.
" The clasp for Sebastopol is to be granted to all pre-
sent with the army from the Ist of October, 1854, the
day on which the army sat down before the town, to
the 9th of September, 1855, the day on which the town
wan taken ; and General Sir James Simpson has been
desired to forward lists of the officers and men entitled
to receive it, in order that the same may be affixed to
the medal for the Crimea.

[PRICE 4D• STAMPED SD•

THE EARL OF ALBEMARLE ON THE
LABOURING CLASSES.

--
The Earl of Albemarle has returned to the charge
against the drunkenness which now disgraces the agri-
cultural labourers of East Anglia, and to which he re-
ferred at the recent meeting at Bauham, Norfolk. The
annual meeting of the Shropham and Guiltcross Associ-
ation was held at East Harling, near Thetford, on Tues-
day, and his lordship addressed the recipients of prizes
at considerable length. After some observations of a
local and complimentary character be said,—As Presi-
dent of this association, my first duty is to intimate to
all wits have been recipients of prizes to-day that they
are not intended as rewards for any services you may
have performed to your employers, but as an earnest of
the good-will and good feeling of the members of the
association towards meritorious cottagers, labourers, and
servants. They are also intended to secure that which
every day becomes more important—the promotion of
harmony and good feeling among all classes of agri-
cultural society. I see by the certificates here given—
certificates signed either by your employers, by the minis-
ters of the parishes in which you live, or by one of the
members of the association—that you are sober, honest,
and industrious. I rejoice to hear it; and Ido not think
I should be discharging my duty as President of this
association if I were not to implore all of you by precept
and example to preserve that character, and to endeavour
to extend and spread it among your fellow-labourers in
your respective parishes. This is a matter which I con-
sider of the deepest importance, and every day, as the
circumstances of the times alter, it is becoming more so.
Certainly the public accounts are most appalling and
alarming from an opposite course—the want of sobriety
in the labouring classes, and especially, I ree,ret to say,
in the labouting classes of these counties of Norfolk and
Suffolk. I had some little time ago occasion to address
a large body of the labouring classes upon the same sub-
ject, and I then pointed out, among other things, the
fearful loss of life and health which drunkenness occa-
sions. I would just for a moment allude to another loss
—the loss of money: That again is a most fearful feature
of the case. The labouring classes (it is stated by public
documents) spend one-third, if not one-half, of their earn-
ings, which should go to the sustenance of their families,
in drink. They are said to spend in this way annually
the enormous sum of 57,000,0001. ; that 57,000,0001.
would pay the whole of the national expenses. It would
pay, including the expense of the army and navy, in
time of peace, and the miscellaneous estimates, the in-
terest upon 806,000,000/. of debt. It would pay all
local rates and taxes of every sort, tithes, county rates,
and whatever comes under the denomination of local
taxes ; and it would support 1,000,000 families at the
rate of 16s. per week. My duty will not allow me to pass
the subject over quite in silence at the present moment.
I wont inflict my speech at Benham again upon you,
my friends, but if any of you have any curiosity to know
what I said upon that occasion, I will tell you that a
neighbour of mine, Mr. Scott Surtees, has pablished the
transactions of that meeting together with a number of
other valuable documents—l don't include my speech
among them, of course— (laughter) —which may, I think,
be read with advantage by every class and by every
person I have n ivf the honour of addressing. I have
by me some copies of the pamphlet Mr. Surtees had pub-
lished, and I shall be happy to give a copy to any person
who will do me the honour to ask for it, provided they
will enter into an agreement that they will read it them-
selves, and, if possible, to their neighbours and families.
I have dwelt, now, upon sobriety. You are said here
to be honest, sober, and industrious, and I have omitted
the other words, because I have not much fear of
honesty and industry if sobriety be preserved. If there
be a departure from it the others are in very great
jeopardy. The point upon which I dwelt when I last
spoke upon this subject was the connection between
drunkenness and crime ; and you will find by this small
pamphlet which I have mentioned to you, that I quoted
six judges of the land to show the effect which was pro-
duced by drink. Among the rest I quoted the dying
words of Mr. Justice Talcourd, and if I now mention
his words again, it is not with reference so much to the
labouring classes as to the rest of the community. Mr.
Justice Talfourd accused others besides the labouring
classes. He distinctly accused the class to which I my-
self belong, and with which I am immediately in con-
nection. I will not read all that he said, nor would I
quote a word if I were addressing merely the Shropharn
and Guiltcross Association. But there's a " cliiel among
us taking notes," and the words that are said here will
go from one end of the country to the other—at least
from one end of the county to the other ; and I am not
addressing you particularly, but landlords, tenants, and
.abouter all over the country. Mr. Justice Talfourd
says : —" I cannot help thinking that this drunkenness
may be in no small degree attributable to the separation
between class and class which is the curse of British so-
ciety, and for which we are all in our respective spheres
in some degree responsible. lam afraid that we all of
us keep too =eh aloof from those beneath us, whom we
thus encourage to look upon us with suspicion and dis-
I like." In another part of his chsige he says :—" This
feeling, arising from that kind of reserve peculiar to
the British character"—nothing was ever more true ;
it is that which causes bashful Englishmen to
be laughed at in all countries wherever they go, and no-
body is feeling it more than myself at the present mo-
ment—" does, I think, greatly tend to prevent that
ming ing of class with class, that reciprocation of kind
words and friendly offices, which tend to the culture of
the affect'ons of the heart and the elevation of the cha-
racter of those to whom they are addressed." I believe
the judge to be right ; I hope he is ; and, if my assurance
as one of the h'igher classes be of any avail, I am sure I
may say that, if the expression of our sympathy with you
will do anything towards producing a kindly feeling to-
wards you and raising your character, I, for one, shall
take upon myself the responsibility of my class, and en-
deavour, as far as my Bonet' influence will go, to promote
that good feeling. Every one present may, in some way
be useful. Every one who betters the condition of the
poor is helping to put down that degrading vice of drun-
kenness which arises, I belive, very much from the want
of that expression of sympathy and those alternations of
friendly offices between one class and the other, of which
Jutice Talfourd speaks. There is another class con- ;
nected with the land to whom I would address myself
most affectionately and most respectfully—l mean the
occupiers of the soil. I would not for one moment be sup-
posed to be speaking here to the occupiers of the Shrop-
ham and Gui tcross hundreds. I hare the honour to have
for my tenants as respectable, honourable, and estimable
a body of men as any in existence. lam on good terms
with all my neighbours, and am not now speaking to in-
dividual-•, but to a class ; I am speaking to the occupiers
of the soil in their corporate capacity—and I remember
my kind and dear friend Lord Colborne, with that most
agreeable manner which he had, saying to me one day, j
" Corporate bodies can bear being hit rather hard." We
were speaking not of a bee'y of farmers, but of a body
of clergymen—of a dean and chapter, and Lord Col-
borne said, " A dean and chapter shall be composed of
the best men that ever lived ; they shall be unexception-
able in their individual characters, but in their collective
capacity they would divide a murder among
them." (Laughter.) It is in their collective capacity
that I speak to the farmers. I am not now alluding
particularly to this county, but I say that the farmer
ought not to treat the labouring man as a mere machine
out of which a certain quantity of work is to be obtained;
but that he should remember that the power he naturally
has as an employer of the labourer is a trust to be exer-
cised for the benefit of those whom Providence has con-
signed to his sympathy and protection. My friends,
labouring men, if we tender to you the hand of good
fellowship, have we not a right to ask something on your
parts in return ? What do we ask of you ? Do we ask
for easy favour ? No ; we ask you not to injure your-
selves—to abstain from drink ; not to do that which in-
jures your health, ruins your family, blasts your charac-
ter, and leads you to the perpetration of crimes. We ask
you not t;) squander that which would improve your
household comforts and raise you in the scale of society.
I wish to see the labouring men in this country a little
more like freeborn Englishmen ; I wish to see the la-
bourer raised in every possible way. We are the ad-
miration of the world, and ours is the freest country in
the world. Its the southern portion of America, which
calls itself free, there are slaves ; but the moment those
slaves come in England, that moment they are free. .A.
poet of the last century has said—" Slaves cannot live
in England. When their lungs receive our air that lir-
ment they are free ; they touch our country, and their
shackles fall." But the poet makes no allusion to the
freeborn man who makes himself a slave—a slave
_to
r
drink—a slave who sells his birthright, not like
Es a
mess of porridge, but for a pot of beer. MY fileuupon
I trust I shall be forgiven for dwelling thus much
you -llinendeavour
this subject. I assure you I have
heart, and as far as it is in my power I
teawiant to strike
to promote them. Don't imagine thatt
meeting the
at your amusements. I was at a gree I
k wish to drench
other day, and some of you may
thininst the abominable
you with tea; but when I spoke
ageea'a tenant farmer, in
to B.
system of largess—l am happy
t the diabolical system
ailing
another part of the county, c
einst the harvest dinner
of largess—l did not speal.ct_
eighrterth tdhea ts
muchverer strongh p o n
°gas drunkenness, and its
but against the abuse of
doori to door. I spoke against
system of going from
labouring man to set his face
that, and I implore every
time next comes round I •
wish
against it when
amusementharvest
of a better kind. I
wish to see
to see your our country, such as cricket
raacntidseadssisltingthe
poor
to
raise
the manly sports of
and I.canon y say that my ardent and r.
aa
nt d
should even like to
meed ools. It
sin-
cere wish is to raise the labouring classes in the social
scale. (Applause.)
At the dinner, in the evening, attended by the sub-
scribers to the association, his lordship further enforced
themselves as much as possible by frugal and virtuous
satobslihg
theyo r
necessityt quoits,mmee
goefnera inducing Y
habits.
sas 1 sseeenstehoer
dutytaughhat

" By command of the Right Hon. Field-Marshal
Viscount Hardinge, Commanding-in-Chief,
" G. A. WETHERALL, Adjutant-General,"

The Earl of Aberdeen, steam-transport, embarked at
Portsmouth on Thursday and yesterday the following
officers, men, and horses for the army in the Crimea :
Paymaster Lukin, one man, and two horses of the 2d
(the Queen's) Dragoon Guards ; one man of the Bth
Hussars ; Major Holden (commanding), 30 men, and
four horses of the 13th Light Dragoons ; 15 men and
three horses of the 17th 'Lancers ; 50 horses for the rail-
way at Balaklava ; EhOgns Hodges and Morgan, of
the 19th Foot ; Lit;Otenant Thwaythes and Ensigns
M'lntyre and Taite, of the 31st ; Ensigns Safford, Shep-
pard, M`liay, and Hardly, of the 97th ; one medical
officer and Paymaster's Clerk of the British German
Legion ; and Captain Ellison (Brevet-Major) of the Gre-
nadier Guards, Brigade-Major to Brigadier-General J.
R. Craufurd, of the First Division of the army in Tut-.
key. The Earl of Aberdeen sailed yesterday.
The Weasel steam gun-boat arrived at Portsmouth
yesterday from the Baltic, and went into the harhour ;
and the Redwing left Spithead for Plymouth.
The following gun-boats have arrived at Sheernes from
the Baltic : —viz., the Lark, Lieut.-Commander M. R.
Pechell ; the Biter, Lieut.-Commander W. H. Ander-
aen the Niter, Lieut.-Commander Wm. F. Lee ; the
Ruby, Lieut.-Commander H. G. Hall; and the Thistle,
Lieut.-Commander D. Spain. The Lark is ordered to
Plymouth, and the Biter to Portsmouth. Both left yes-
terday, at noon, for their respective ports.
The Lizard steam-vessel ',tender to the Waterloo),
Lieut.-Commander T. B. Christopher, left Sheerness on
Thursday, for Orfordness, to take on board the crew and
officers of the lately wrecked gun-boat Hind, Lieut.-
Commander J. Ward, on her return from the Baltic.
The Belleisle, 6, hospital-ship, arrived at Sheerness
yesterday evening. She left Faro Sound on the 17th
of October, and reached Elsinore on the 24th ; rode out
a heavy gale while there from the N. W., and parted one
of her cables. She sailed again on the 27th, and has had
heavy weather during her passage across the North Sea ;
wind east. She has on board 105 patients, under the care
of Dr. R. Beith, Staff-Surgeon. She brings home as pas-
sengers Dr. M`liechnie, Medical Inspector of the Baltic
fleet, Mr. Staoway, late paymaster of her Majesty's ship
Cressy, and a number of hospital dressers whose period of
service had expired in the different vessels of the fleet to
which they respectively belonged. When the Belleisle left
the Baltic the fleet was remarkably healthy. The Hogue
was the only English vessel of war left at Faro Sound.
The Sanspareil, 70, screw steam-ship, Captain W. J.
Williams, from the Mediterranean, last from Portsmouth,
arrived at Sheerness yesterday evening, to take on
board her lower deck guns and prepare for immediate
foreign service.
The Agincourt, 72, is ordered to be fitted as a receiv-
ing hulk at Devonport. The brig Arachne, 18, has had
her copper stripped, preparatory to being caulked.
The masts of the brig Britomart, 8, having been taken
out, her crew were appointed to be paid off yesterday.
The Waterwitch, 8-gun sloop, with two of the new
boilers on deck ready for the new screw steam.frigate
Mars, sunk in the fitting basin at Sheerness on Thurs-
day afternoon. The occurrence is supposed to have been
caused by rats gnawing through her below her floating
line.
The Chatham sheer bulk was towed down to Sheer-
ness yesterday from Chatham and taken into the basin,
for the purpose of taking the Mars' boilers out of the
Waterwich, and, with the assistance of two mooring
lighters, to raise that vessel.
A. court-martial assembled on board the guard-ship
Impregnable, in Hamoaze, on Thursday, for the trial
of Lieut. H. T. Ryves, late in command of the Minx
steam-tender on the coast of Africa, for being drunk on
shorn at Lagos, on the 20th of Oct., 1854, and for be-
having in an unofficer-like manner towards Mr. Switzer,
second master of the Minx. The Court sentenced the
prisoner to be severely reprimanded, dismissed the ship,
and to lose two years' rank.
Private parcels for officers in the Crimea, going by
Goveroment vessels, should not exceed three cubic feet,
and are subject to a charge of ss. for shipping expenses.
Free gifts for the use of the troops, such as books, &c.,
are not so limited, and no charge is in any case made to
the sender. _ . _

The merchant-ship Albura, built at Burmab, and be-
longing to Messrs. Dunbar and Co., of London, was off
Plymouth on Thursday. She sailed from Gravesend on
the 4th of Feb. last, with troops for the East Indies,
and left Bombay on the 24th of July, with a cargo of
saltpe'rc, wool, &c., for London, bringing a smal mail
from St.A.elena, where she touched on the 21st of Sep-
tember.tai er late commander, Mr. Freeman, died within
one day's sail of Ascension, and she is now in charge of
the chief officer, Mr. Bilb. The Albura has passengers
—Co,. Leeson, H.E.1.C.5., Dr. Burrington and family,
Bombay Army, and Captain Prootor and family, East
India Maritime Service.

The schooner Christopher, of Geelong, 16 days from
St. John's, Newfoundland, with seal oil for London,
was off Plymouth on Thursday.
Yesterday morning, at 11 o'clock, the Bth company of
the Bt'a battalion Royal Artillery were paraded in front
of the barracks, at Woolwich. before Brigade-Major
Maude and a staff of general officers. The men were
put through various manceuvres, which lasted until 2
o'clock, when, preceded by the band, playing some of
the molt lively airs, they were marched down to the
Royal Arsenal quay and embarked on board the hired
transport Emma Eugenie, for the West Indies. The
company consisted of 102 non-commissioned officers and
men, for Jamaica, under the command of Capt. Hunter.
These were likewise nbaiked on board the Emma Eu-
genie 63 rank and file for Barbadoes, under the command
of Lieut. Holmes, accompanied by Lieut. Richardson,
and medically attended by Staff-Surgeon Robinson. In
addition t ) th 3 above- tamed officers and men there were
17 women and 8 children for Jamaica, and 3 women and
3 children for Barbadoes.
Another battery of artillery horses (48 in number),
with drivers, arrived at Sheerness on Thursday, from
Woolwich, for drill practice in the exercise ground in
garrison.
A Royal warrant has been issued regulating the future
half-pay of regimental quartermasters,
veleoa claim to retire with the
saetrvleeaas:f
ohsrhieahalindhiaraegvcgtersebgtieaeattne
acihp seou rnaciirooutrdaealro.rmtyfe quartermasters
rankaeYrs years,
aeowrrish,caoaorpesrthwtaaoihinlh culavihap on Ealf- pay of lOs . per day,
if the retirement be recommended by the Secretary-at-
War. This warrant is to have a retrospective operation,
so as to confer the privilege upon all quartermasters
who, after the completion of the said service, have re-
tired since the present war with Rissia.
A circular memorandum has been issued from the War-
office, dated Oct. 22, giving various directions to offi-
cers in charge of invalids arriving from the East, in ad-
dition to those recently published. Officers are requested
to pay particular attention to the instructions given to
them upon the subject.
The head-quarters of the 22d Regiment, amounting
to 450 men, under the command of Capt. Anderson, left
Plymouth on Thursday, and arrived at Windsor ester-
dayhe
morning. It is scarcely three months ago since
br distin-
guished22d landed from India, where it had
most of the officers and men are decorated with
(meet. Its total
The condition of this regiment is ex
illebe augmented to
strength is about 800 men, but it w0...e.
its full complement as speedily as po tbi
tthioenHofecliaas.t night •••
to wade at the Admiralty
itself in the Scinde campaign, forgrwellichhinseerdvailose.
The following appointme
Lieutenant H. G..
confirmed, to the Niger.
Surgeon Hugh Girva.eont John W.
Superintend Elliott, to the
Surgeon hip.
Castle Eden convict s
P.
Assistant-Clerk Henry Brenan, to the Salamander
yesterday, appeared
in
aorboliee,'etodi

Armagh
mitTitHia,BindlTzlAn
Cork on Thursday from tlieear
The Arm
rive'
In
vmouth, for which they will embark in a few
ar-
rived o clyuiBroaoghm, eoni:
thedayc
The Middlesex Militia are expected to arrive in Cork
for Buttevant, there to be stationed.
The Royal Glamorgan Light Infantry Militia has con-
tributed volunteers to the Line to the amount of 113
since the Ist of August last. Recruits are coming in
very satisfactorily. The regiment remains at Cardiff.

THE CONSUMPTION OF FOOD.—It results from an in-
genious calculation put forward by Mr. George Dorn-
busch, that, supposing every individual in a population
of 30 millions to take a mouthful of food every day less
than he should in time of plenty, say one ounce of flour
daily less, the saving would amount to 1,876,000 lbs.;
or 6,697 sacks of 280 lbs., daily, or to 46,879 sacks
weekly, and in the course of one year the consumption
would be reduced by mvatios sack a 491b0;