The Sun.
London, England, 1855-09-14 00:00:00

RIO MARKETS.

AUGUST 11.
Taken altogether, the business of the month was to a
full average amount.
Imports were upon an extensive scale, and as a neces-
sary consequence most descriptions declined in value.
Little was done in produce early in the month, in
consequence of high prices and adverse advices from
Europe.

A scarcity of bills upon Fldrops rendered the exchange
flat for the steamer. In other respects the money market
offered but little interest.

Discounts ruled at 81 to 91; 9 was the general rate
for approved paper. A fair inquiry prevailed through-
out the month.

Exchange opened later than usual, the bulk of the
transactions having occurred from the 11th to the 13th.
London, 27k to g at 90 de. were the first rates quoted,
and the market rapidly declined tl 27 ds., the closing
quotation for Avon, and the rate at which the largest
amount was negotiated.

PERNAMB UCO.
IMPORTS.—Within the short interval since the date of
the last market account, not a vessel with cargo has
entered the port.
EXPORTS.—Sugar—We cannot note anything of mo•
maul with regard to this article, and the little we have
now on hand in store is held at higher prices than pur-
chasers are inclined to give.
In Exchange, about 15,0001. have been passed within
the two or three days prior to the departure of the
steamer, at 273, and we consider the rate firm.
In discounts bank rate continues at 7 per cent. per
annum, and they hold a good a,rnount for negotiating.

THE FALL OF SEBASTOPOL.—The following is the
flattering defence of the Russian journal Le Nord for the
evacuation of this fortress:--" The resolution of Prince
Gortschakoff exhibits the energy of a great commander.
It saves Russia from an inextricable position, into which
a false interpretation of the point of honour would have
thrust her. The Russian array concentrated north of
Sebastopol will henceforth have that unity Of movement
and action which until now it has wanted. The Sebas-
topol of the south is replaced by the Sebastopol of the
north—a formidable position, bristling with innumerable
guns—which a compact army henceforward will defend.
Impartial history will speak of the defence of Sebastopol,
as well as of the attack upon it, by assigning to besiegers
and besieged their due share of self-sacrifice and obsti-
THE STAFF AT HEAD-QUARTERS.—An important : nate courage. It will also do justice to the resolution
change is shortly to take place at the head-quarters of of Prince Gortschakoff; who, by making a momentary
the army. sacrifice and avoiding a useless effusion of blood, has
THE EIGHTY-SEVENTH FOOT.—It may have been seen ; preserved for Russia, an army trained to war by a strug-
that the colonelcy of the 87th Royal Irish has been con- gle of a year's duration, which for intensity has no
ferred upon General Simpson. The value of the sint• parallel in military annals, and placed that army in a
cure 1,3001, per annum. / position which enables him to command the situation"

THE PENINSULAR MAILS.

SOUTHAMPTON, FRIDAY MORNING.
The Tagus has arrived, with Peninsular mails.
She also brings 67 passengers, and 5,5001. specie.
Her dates are—Gibraltar, Sept. 4 ; Cadiz, Sept.
5 ; Lisbon, Sept. 9 ; Oporto and Vigo, Sept. 10.
The transport Canterbury was wrecked off
Vianna, having on board 170 passengers, all
saved.

THE FALL OF SEBASTOPOL

I

( Front the Times of this day.)
heseffi an
e can be
the atof all the causes of the late signal triumph of
armies, and more especially of the precipitate retrea
the Russian garrison from the south side of SebastePfr:
yet some facts have already reached us from other quad
ters which throw additional light on this remarkable
tube
abrupt termination of the siege. It is clear freimoi,
telegraphic despatches of the allied Generals, and etbe
from the report of Prince Gortschakoff, that when
se
enemy withdrew bodily in the night of the Bth I'd
Vtli of September from the town of Sebastopol.o
the Karabelnaia suburb he cannot be said to ham
been driven out of his place by direct foree,4
would have been more honourable to the Russians !..IP,
had) ; but the evacuation was resolved upon fre'of
moral and physical inability to continue the defeme„ecrel
the fortress, and probably in pursuance of a pre-Ml*4lo
strategical plan. The position of the town and ot
Russian army alter the fall of the Malakhoff Tower the
very baA, but it was not quite desperate nor waisier,
danger of an immediate character. Marshal .Pehs,i tje
to whom we are happy to give on this occasion theelob
he has so gloriously earned at the head of the Fr fde.
army, reports that " the multiplicity of the works
Iced
fence and the material means applied to them
,fariet bid
anything hitherto seen in the history of war.'
repeatedly been asserted by the Russians that even, tee
the fall of any of the great outworks of Sebastor,..ioe
besiegers would find every street converted into
and every house into a battery. Nor was this boas d
unfounded one ; such was actually the state of tbeP_a
yet no attempt was made to prolong the resiatal;r
the garrison in these last intrenchments. The it treg
khoff Tower was the key of the position, and oat
occupied by the French troops, but some (tar *
have elapsed before this work could have °Pell Al!
decisive fire against the other parts of the tovirl' the
the other torts and bastions remained at nightfall oubelf
lait
Bth in the hands of the Russians. The —Ma
enborta
itself is but the outwork of the Karabelnaia the
and no part of the town, properly
so eaPed) to
west of the Great Ravine and Artillery Boabla;
been entered by the allied troops. General Da
bsd
aed
attack on the Central Bastion failed altogetbera
tba
the Garden Battery, the Flagstaff Battery,. and tbe
Quarantine Battery still protected all this portien_eoll
works. In fact, by a peculiarity which distinP—ty
the result of this siege front all others in hiet°rfoli r the
allies took the place at last without entering it,, 0 the
Russians were across the water 24 hours bele„le the
allies had passed beyond the walls. Been ai':„ sc°
French flag was waving from the onanding etuAlf 501
of the Malakhuff Tower the victorious troops rtlf
appear to have advanced beyond that positiontitle
because they would have had to storm the eels stir
of the enemy's defences, and partly because' it wed the
posed that the Russians had extensively °len 000
ground from which they had been driven with eion sthebloodshed. At that moment, then, at nightl3', '
Bth of September, it eannot be said that Prise,e,antt°
schak..ff was cempelled to fly with precipitation Jr-a OP
scene of tiiis terrible contest ; but, as he adoPte otifes
course without hesitation, we must look fur the foot°
of his conduct to some other facts which have "-
our knowledge.
he Cli#
We have reason to believe that even before t-,-ussiSO
of July Prince Gortschak,,fl bad reported to the '7,p idll
l'aoverioneet that his position in Sebastopol wtae
becoming altogether untenable, and that pa
great that
must be made at any price to relieve the ple.°B2,:t
the
he must abandon it. It is easy to conjecture ,'"euseti'
increasing exhaustion of the garrison, the enorno
unceasing consumption of the stores of war/ ib„eecilillif
culty of obtaining water and wholesome food, egr
since the destruction, of the supplies from the
roe
Azaff, the disomtent, aad despondency of tbe %go*
and the steady anproach of the works of the be:‘,lcitf
whose vertical fire tell with terrific force upon t"icallii°
all contributed to make the Russian General 'thee"
position to be most forlorn and hopele,s. -17",d,erretera
circumstances a council of war was held at outtboritv
burg, and the opinion of the highest military au"bis
was taken by the Emperor. After coneidereoede!
bate, and some difference of opinion (for • we, eten.i
stand that Prince Paskiewitch and General
Sacker' opposed the measure taken by the
their colleagues), it was determined to attahltit%
forces on the lines of the Tchernaya. Confihe'noldP
were entertained that the fortune of that day wf,--a copi
pair the disasters of the Alma and Inkerman,
tthe" n,
pel the invading army to raise the siege. The Aliv°
the 16th of August, in which our brabee Sardteiell a 1)1
bore so conspicuous a part, and which was deeidef the
the uncompromising valour of three divisions °oar
French army, had ben anticipated with the deeuPoQb:
terest at St. Petersburg and in many other Par": 001—
empire It ended in a calamitous defeat. Withl 01,
hours the whole strength ot the Uussian relieving es
with its reinforcements, was overthrown, and, ss tbei
lieve that the enemy lost on that occasion n°
es 'le
8,000 men, either by the artillery of our g°
a 80
the bayonet, or in the waters of the Tchernelbat
the canal. We must be permitted to saY *ode'
all the faults committed by the Russian carn°3o by
in this war the attack on the Tchernayat.o
far the most extravagant. It had no c"ita-
success. It was utterly defeated in three ben'-roiti;
small fraction—not one•fourth—of the allied hee wets
and so confident were the British troop', w7taelte:
brought up in reserve, of the result of such an I" Ptil'
our French and Sardinian allies that while eke 00
was going on our men did not even stand to thereat°
The battle of the Tchernaya was, in fact, a (1,.6: tat_dr
effort, and from the moment, of that defeat we frn
fled that Prince Gortschakoff hal resolved to deet;essfe"
so fatal and hopeless a struggle as soon as a su " 661
attack of the enemy on the works of Sebar,terebi
him an excuse to retreat. He began to preP,,-itt
, "
bridge across the Great Harbour—a work, be
served, which does credit to the skill and energY-oi ic
dockyard workmen. The harbour of Sebeet°Polte
believe to be at least 700 or 800 yards acrosette
lay such a bridge of rafts, sufficiently strong raiiti
vide a secure mewls of retreat fora defeated :teen%
a remarkable proof of the resources of the e 00'
'rids bridge afforded Prince Gortschakofft'hj
69 y
means cf saving his army. Had it been destreleced
do hA
chance shell he would probably have been re seleo
capitulate, for his communications with thece, ell -
might have been intercepted by the allies. mene tbi°
doubt, his extreme anxiety to avail himself °',oiiowed
;,,
source within the few hours of oarktiess whinn 'root of
the capture of the Malakhoff Tower ; and it1„00
inferred that an attempt to prolong the re'' "0e aOO,
Sebastopol by holding the -ec ,nd line of clef° • rist •
Russ'e sat
the forts of the town w Aild have exposed theeTitirpeoly4-0.
the danger of having their means of escape
off. Whatever may have been the effects of the e°o battle
0
tion which raged during the night SaCCeedirig".l3 a fed
and on the following day, it is impassible 0;00
hours cm have sufficed to destroy the /1,000!1,0
masonry of such a place as Sebastopol. The aossl,l
heavy stores of war must remain, though the rrifnereiel
were blown up, and accordingly we learn froni ater
ofo
Pelissier's despatch that an immense amount
tbe
has fallen into our hands. tba.
These considerations appear to us to proves,lol:o
Ruscians evacua ed the southern side of Sabagr°,e,,eof
this precipitate manner principally on strateg'he 8074
—that is to say, they acknowledged, from tot pro";-3 •
defeats they bad sustained, that they could ne'total.the.
the defence of the place without risking the...be wro,' r
struction of their army in the Crimea, and ",003° FO
drew from the fortress in the hope of caving sum t
tion of their troops. If this view be correct, ur
eal°
hose
is due not only to those invincible column, 9",,iief1,13°04
crowned the unbreached rampart of the TOrce fierl6""f
tion on the Bth of September, but also to t rogneo
measures which have marked the successlill Poftb,erer
the campaign—the destruction of the suPPlje.e, reirP°oo,
of Azoff, the increased difficult of thrown:l64.oo aoe
meats into the Crimea, and the vicinity of the `eforeol7.6i
which cut off the last chances of relief. 'We °fr. oftPtti!oro
from these facts that not only is SebastoP°' ;tea
city, for its defence might
ie
prat] acted, but that the Russian forces in the be retrel'or
beaten eriny, and that the main cause of t'eter tine!'
perhaps have beeicirioiea_.,
their moral and physical inability to ene°llsussie':tb
perier troops of the allies. It is said that t, s'o
defee bet e
we
dierB bear adversity, privations, and even os lea
more stoical indifference than any other trn°l3lo'uicidecr
believe it to be impossible that any ormtns of „oil,'
sustained such a series of losses, of bard'uir ;)refl"`"f the
tions, and of humiliations, without beingsioni °,l its
discouraged and demorali-ed. The entbist toe, 110 pot
Russiaa army is supplied by the brandy
but air
*boa
discipline is maintained by the stick ; after f
resources which can give troops courage state °
beaten, or restore confidence in a retreat. obi,
abilitl
A further inference to be drawn fret' cis 1,0
things is, that it Prince Gortschakoff fr,°°,,,bere ,
to maintain his position in Sebastopot and part
tber a
still enormous means of defence he will any ° an
a fortiori, less able to hold his pesition ittlb victory
of the Crimea against an enemy flushed /I'l4, Theo cis
c immanding superior facilities of tranFP,_°,l, to re, wee
patron of the North Forts may enable o' ; W. 10;
troops fer a few days after the late strilggbaS 411100(1,1)
works are of inferior strength to those hoarsens'
they do not cornprit:e the resources of °ells °Pl)"ers
town ; they are supplied with water hy_raii stealnf ofbi:
take the final destruction of the Bus'
Prince Gortscbakoff's orders to be a
intention to pursue his retreat ; ethert 'tiero smder,etrioeo
might have been sheltered for a 511',.1., dose Geee;
large northern batteries. But from all
• 1114 dhl
we conclude that the present object of t`'l.ool9 e.
pis is mainly to save the remains of thoeti.e deter_
strategical question which remains u tbe,‘,,ereeteor
the skill arid vigour of the respective i"kt
t that °bje
they the allied forces will not proven fuwrt.l:e_roPer°o°,.. e_seteille

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The

BATTLE OF PCIIERNAV•

cci
A serviceable map bas just beeevilei:ltl°f
is----f7i
this
-
whoseby Mr. Edward Stanford, Charing Cr°,'s' 6revill°ll
ions, by the way,
product'
bad occasion we havebPe reiatiYe
to notice with approbation.„, lAiniatkl3,,ri;
positionsi. of the opposing forces, French, Der"— end t.'""
tl i; and Russian are accurately laid dosvl)Y ered, 6°
asvarious columns, redoubts, &c.,_ distinetlY caloti., ci, A f
theat once to catch the eye, and render Pared Yef tb°
Tilfartry, and Lieut.. Brine,
Nvritten descriptions which have apPe3re 90
battle. The map was sketched by Capt. Weisell:l Of
consequently he depended on. The route of l'he, va 4/
vro may add, from Mackenzie's Farm to alak,e ocl
doiv°
p, aso at
their celebrated flank march is l 1 'cl
coloured. Royal Engneers,. 00.14.000,

s it
A BONAPAIITE IN CONN.—The Cork Examiger '
is understood that Prince Napoleon will enter tbe.,,
b e 4
our of that port in a day or two, and it
is tOrli;
Ai
that he is to be invited to public) dinner PlO-

French
btP,iott,i
bittt

...---'
0 P 0 L.