The Sun.
London, England, 1855-01-25 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 25, 1855.

TILE FRENCH LOAN. '

Varna and Bucharest, so that no time may be lost in
the transmission of intelligence from the Crimea, and
with various other powers and instructions. —Daily
News.

We have received the Mcniteur of yesterday.
It contains the following article on the success of
the loan. The article has a political as well as a
financial signification :
"The success of the first attemi,tat a national loan gua-
ranteed the success of the new appeal which the Emperor
recently addressed to the country; yet the result has ex-
ceeded every expectation. New did a people,' as the
Minister of Finance observes in his report, ' give to their
Sovereign so striking a proof of cenfidence and devotion.'
The Emperor asked France for C 00,000,000, the deputies
unanimously voted them, France responded by offering
four times the amount, and foreign States, associating
themselves to this national manifestation, give it the
character of a European manifestation.
" Two millards 200 millions of francs were subscribed
in 12 days. To judge by the crowds at the last moments,
another week would have add& considerably to this
enormous capital. The crowd was so dense at the Trea-
sury, at the mairies, at the finance receivers', at every
place where subscriptions were taken, that a great num-
ber of persons could not take part in them. Never was
such eagerness displayed—and this in the time of war,
in the middle of winter, when we have scarcely reeo-
rered from a crisis in the price of food, and without any
acts having been resorted to to stimulate the zeal of the
subscriber.'.

Extract from the letter of an officer of H.M.S. In-
flexible, dated Varna, Jan. 9 :
On New Year's-day we left this place for the Crimea
with Omer Pacha, accompanied by the commissioners
Colonels Simmons and Dieu, Prince Sturdza, and suite.
On Wednesday morninghis highness landedat Eupatoria
and examined the defences of the place (where there are,
I believe, about 10,000 troops, mostly Turks, with 40
guns), and there he left fighting old Iskender Bey, thehero
of Karakal. On Thursday morning we started again,
and passing through the fleet lying off Kazatch and
Kamiesh bays, where the admiral saluted the Paella;
proceeded to Balaklava. The Muchir had intended to
examine the coast on the way down, as it was said that
the Russians were again in force on the Alma ; but the
snow fell heavily and continuously, and pi evented our
approaching the land.
Immediately after wer had anchored at Balaklava Col.
Simmons rode up to the front to acquaint Lord Raglan
and General Canrobert of the Paella's arrival, and next
day, the sth, his Highness took part in the council of
war which was held.

(From the Journal de Constantinople.)
EUPATORIA, Jan. 3.—A body of 10,000 good Ottoman
troops is now at Eupatoria, under the command of
Behrain Pacha and Teffik Pacha, 'the son-in-law of Omer
Paella. On the 31st of Dec. the battalion of sharpshooters
la-Ided, having been conveyed from Varna by the Co-
lombo. This battalion consists of about GOO well disci-
plined men. The artillery is here and a part of the cavalry.
The town has been fortified by French and English en-
gineers, and at this moment can make head against
100,000 Russians. The French, English, and Turks live
on very friendly terms together. The military governor
of Eupatoria, a good administrator and an excellent
officer, M. d'Osmout, whose rank on the staff is that of
a chd'escadron, is indefatigable in bringing everything
into a state of order, and he has organised a Tartar
police. The Tartars ask for arms, and go out to fight
courageously against the Cossacks, whose pickets and
outposts can be seen by the town sentries. A few
skirmishes sometimes come off, but the Congreve rockets
terrify the enemy and his horses to such a degree, that
they dare net venture too near the town, which has now
a moat round it. This moat was dug by the Turkish
troops under the direction of French engineer officers,
both commissioned and non-commissioned. There is no
want of provisions, and yet a few merchants would do
well if they came to Eupatoria.
On the 24th of December last, the Egyptian vessel on
shore, a little in front of the French Henri IV., caught
fire and burned down to the water's edge. The guns
will be saved and all that is in the hold. About fifty
seamen' who came from Constantinople on board the
Mubhi Surur, are busy at the salvage. The weather has
been fine, and the cold is not great—a fortunate thing
for the Tartar villagers who have taken refuge in the
town and are without provisions. The Tartars are em-
ployed at digging trenches and on the fortifications ; they
are supplied with rations, but are very greedy, very lazy,
and very ignorant.
We have in the roadsted the Leander, Captain the
llon. G. J. Hastings, of the English navy.
The French ship Henri IV. has 100 men on board
with guns, and the Russians cannot approach on that
side. The cavalry, some 7,000 strong, form a cordon
about Eupatoria ; they have artillery with them, and
prevent the inhabitants from bringing supplies to the
town. Everything is now imported by sea.
The roadsted of Eupatoria is bad during the winter,
and the landing is difficult on account of the surf. There
is also a deficiency of barges and boats for the service.
The Tartars break up whatever they can for fuel, and
one mast needs keep a good look out, or they would carry
away the roofs of the houses and destroy the boats drawn
up on the beach. The town is full of mud, and in every
street yon meet with the dead bodies of animals at every
step. The Tartars eat the young horses, and throw the
offal into the streets. We are luckily in the winter, or
otherwise we should have the plague. Notwithstanding
the season, there is a high rate of mortality among the
inhabitants ; the prevailing malady is typhus.
Troops are sent every day from Varna. The Indiana
arrived on the 3d with 1,500 troops and the ferik
Mehemet Pacha, on board. During the night of the 31st
alt. the Niger, a war steamer, arrived also from Sebas-
topol. It brought no news of importance. They have
engaged here 200 Tartar labourers to go and work at
Balaklava. The Ottoman Government would do well to
settle some of these folks in Bulgaria, for they would
form excellent horsemen, and, as military colonists,
would cultivate the plains along the bank of the Danube.
In consequence of the bad weather on the let and 2d
of this month, the troops which arrived front Varna could
not be landed. On the 3d the weather turned out fine,
and the Colombo, after landing its troops on board, will
be able to proceed to Balaklava with a hundred sump-
ter-horses brought from Varna, for the officers of the
British army. A few days ago they brought here about
800 Tartar horses, and sent them off to Balaklava.

" It is not possible to mistake the significance of this
great political event. The object tif- the loan was known.
In his speech at the opening of the Chambers the Em-
peror lad loudly declared that it was not to provide for
the expenses of France at home, as, since the restoration
of order, the revenues of the country amply sufficed fur
all its wants, but solely to furnish the means for carrying
on the war with renewed vigour. It is nevertheless to
a financial operation thus clearly defined that not only
France and England eagerly associated themselies, but
also Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, and even Germany.
" The brilliant success of this operation is more than
a victory—it is the means of gaining victories. If money
is the sinew of war, France has just proved that she
does not want money, any more than she does soldiers ;
and that the Emperor can count equally upon the purse
as upon the arras of the citizens.
" It would be difficult to exaggerate the bearing of such
an event. When a nation has been able to declare
through the mouth of its chief that it has in its army
and navy nearly 60,000 soldiers, 120,000 horses, and
70,000 sailors embarked on board skip, and offers im-
mediately four times the amount that it is asked for to
carry on the struggle, there is in this combination of
strength placed at the service of European right more
than one legitimate subject of satisfaction for itself and
of confidence for its Allies ; there is security for the
future against every eventuality.
"Even in our worst days the military resources of
France were never contested. Every one knows that
soldiers spring up like armed veterans from this heroic
soil, but who could have guessed the extent of its finan-
cial resources ? In this respect France herself was ig-
norant of it; she only knew herself when she hearkened
to that sympathetic voice which had already successfully
appealed to her before. The national loan has renewed
the prodigies of the universal vote, and it was reserved
to him whu saved France by enabling her to manifest her
sentiments, to reveal to her all the riches she contains
within herself.

" For it was truly France that quadrupled the last
loan. She is proud and thankful for the testimony she
has received from neighbouring States ; but in the mass
of subscriptions the produce of foreign funds does not
exceed the proportions of a sympathetic manifestation.
"After the grandeur of the result, what cannot be too
much pointed out as an indication of the wealth and
future prosperity of the country is the number of small
subscribers, and the amount of capita paid into the
Treasury at the moment of the operation. Who could
have supposed that France could place 400,000,000 f. at
the immediate disposal of the Government, and that
without the slightest inconvenience or bar to the general
movement of commerce and industry?
"The great capitalists also came with an enthusiasm
for which praise is due to them to offer a proof of their
confidence and adhesion to the Government ; but their
concurrence was not necessar!, and, as the Minister of
Finance observed, they ought to congratulate themselves
upen it. If the immediate advantages of the loan fall
exclusively to the small sulscribeys, the great capi-
talists find in the unparalleled success of this financial
operation, and in the results ihich it promises, a large
compensation.
"Nothing tends more to coisolidate credit and to give
a new impetus to the publi) wealth than this confi-
dence of the nation, which >NI-a to the Government
1,700,000,000 f. more than it asked, and this loyalty of
the Government, which at onie returns the excess, so as
not to take it out of the carrot of business.
"The total sum of the small subscriptione amounts to
8511,000,000 f., being 350,000,W0f. more than the sum
demanded. It is here especiall: that figures speak elu-
qnently. On nearly 180,000 subscriptions less than
10,000 f. are above 500 f. of Rents ; 170,000 do not ex-
ceed 500 f, and in this number the smallest ones—those
which do not come up to 500 f., Mud which are the pro-
duce of the savings of the working classes—represent
more than 300,000,000 f. of capital.

TILE ENGLISH ARMY BEFORE SEBAS-
TOPOL.

" Doubtless in this universal display of confidence and
patriotism speculation had its pert. But, among those
who looked upon the loan as a good speculation, how
many of them were moved only by the desire of gain !
And even in their eagerness tosubscribe we must behold
another proof in favour of the credit and policy of France.
But the agriculturist, the workman, the small capitalist
—that is to say, the immense majority of the subscribers
—they are -completely stranger. 4 to speculation. They
beheld in the'
and it the' ill a 11l 0 time an opportunity: for a► safe ieveet,
'tient of their savings. The nur-and=a-Half per Centi.,_
which do not offer speculation, counted more than a
third of the small subscriptions. Of the 40,000,000 of
Rentes taken by the small capitalists, 14,000,000 belong
to the Four-and-a-Half per (kuts.
"The Rentcs on the State are part of the public for-
tune. But, as before 'B9 the soil of France was divided
among a small number of large proprietors, so before the
first attempt at a national ham the great capitalists were
alone called upon to participate in the benefits of the
loans. The Emperor desired, as the debts of the State
are a charge for all, that the advantages offered by the
Rentes should be aceessitle to all. The national sub-
scription will have produced in the Rents a revolution
analogous to that of the principles of 'B9 in property.
The same consequences will result therefrom : the diffu-
sion of wealth and the enlargement of the bases of social
order—that is to say, new bonds which will attach the
masses to the tranquillity and prosperity of the country."

The Pays yesterday entered the lists relative to
the state of the English troops before Sebastopol.
It does not dony that much suffering has been en-
dured by the English army, but at the same time
it affirms that the accounts given are greatly exag-
gerated. The following are its observations :

"We are at the same time astonished and distressed at
the attitude lately assumed by a part, and unfortunately
an influential part, of the English press. For some time
past it has been uttering cries of distress, which at pre-
sent resemble those of despair. If we may believe its
affirmations and fts letters, the English army in the
Crimea may be considered as utterly lost ; there can
scarcely remain 20,000 valid men out of the
53,000 men who formed the contingent of Eng-
land in the allied army ; the remainder have perished
miserably, those who have escaped the Ilusjan shot
having fallen victims to disease and to the defective state
of the military organisation. Such is the sad and
melancholy picture which the English journals draw of
the situation of the British army in the Crimea. Every
day a voioe is raised in the ranks of the London press,
exclaiming, like Cmsar--` Yarns, restore me my
legions !" Every day a new article arouses public opi-
nion against the Ministry, on whom the responsibility
of all these disasters is thrown. Is this violent pole-
mic free from exaggeration ? We must be permitted
to doubt it. We certainly will not say that the
English army has not suffered very severely since its
landing on the coasts of the Crimea ; but, thank God,
there is a great difference between that and the total de-
struction of which the English journals speak. We also
in our turn receive accounts of the situation of the
allies before Sebastopol, and never has it been men-
tioned in them that the English army was devastated
and weakened as it is represented to be by the
English journals. If Lord Raglan were reduced, as they
affirm, to have only 2,000 men under his command
can it be be believed that he would so sacrifice them to
the last man, and would not be the first to raise a cry
of grief and despair ? If the state of the English troops
was so frightful, would not our generals and our sol-
diers hasten to their assistance with the ardour of
that generous sympathy which now unites the two
nations ? These same letters, which draw such a me-
lancholy picture of the distress of the British troops, re-
present the French army as admirably organised, and
abundantly supplied with provisions and stores of
every kind necessary for the comfort and health of the
soldier. They affirm, and all our own information con-
firms the statement, that the health of the French troops
is as satisfactory as it is possible to desire ; and they
are very warm in their commendations on the order,
regularity, and minute foresight which distinguish our
military commissariat. Can it be believed that., with
this relative comfort, our soldiers would not have
been happy to allow our brave Allies to profit by it ?
To think otherwise would be to do injustice to
the devotedness of our army. Every man among
them would, if necessary, share his bread and his blanket
with our heroic brethren in arms ; there is not one who
would not have submitted to the sacrifice with that
feeling of joy at doing geed which, we are proud to ray,
is one of the distinctive traits of the French national
character. At Balaklava and at Inkerman we saved
the English army, when attacked by an over-
whelming number of the enemy ; we should net
now hesitate to prove to it that our fraternal
feeling does not exist only on the field of battle,
but that it is even stronger in the camps and in the
intimate relations of the two armies. All these consi-
derations render us very suspicious of the truth of the
melancholy letters with which the English press has
been filled for some time past. But even should these let-
ters be of better authority than we are disposed to attach
to them—is that, we may ask, a sufficient motive for ex-
citing the public, for alarming families, for declaring all
compromised, and for attacking the English Government
with a violence which resembles passion? Such an
attitude is wanting in patriotism, and is not worthy of
a powerful nation. A great nation ought to support
the vicissitudes, and even the misfortunes of war with
more calmness and sang froid. England has for the last
40 years expressed the strongest antipathy for the sys-
tem of standing armies. She has devoted all her active
force to works of industry and to the all-absorbing
activity of her manufactures. The war which has now
surprised Europe has found England neither organised
nor ready for the struggle. Soldiers and armies are not
formed in a moment. Thanks to our military system,
and to that glorious Algeria which is such an excellent
school for our soldiers, the French army is always ready
to enter the field, and it carries with it that courage
which is calm even in its fullest ardour, which can only
be acquired by the practice and exercise of arms.
• This ought to be a serious lesson for England.
Experience has now shown her that her old generals
were right in calling loudly for the permanent establish-
ment of a respectable military force. Such is the funda-
mental fault which is called reform. This is the essen-
tial fact which (eight to engage the attention of Parlia-
ment much more than a struggle against a Ministry, or
the exaggerated recitals of anonymous correspondents
of the press."

TILE TURKISH EXPISDITION TO THE
CRIMEA.

VARNA, Jan. 10.—The ;inter is dragging its slow
length along, and the work of transporting the Turkish
army to the Crimea has as yet made but very little pro-
gress. It is an undoubted fact that intrigues on a
large scale are being carried on against Omer Pacha,
the prime mover being one of the principal members of
the present Ministry ; his supporters half the old paellas
in the country, and the modus operandi general and
strenuous efforts to throw every obstacle in the way of
the movement of the army, by holding back supplies,
whole load of the blame. This may seem a very asinine
he rnay,then come in for the
money,provisions, etc., hoping
scheme in England, where the press is ever on the
watch, where the administration is well-organised, po-
hicaenyder.idißeuulto,
litical honesty the rule, political dishonesty the excep-
tion, and where every department works more or less
usneaysetrhtheyelemsas,yisnetermi
many a man's ruin in Turkey, have brought many a proud
thisund ender
sort, ec
childish g,upersovoef
head under the sword of the executioner, when a great
man's cranium was one of the most acceptable gifts the
sovereign could offer to his subjects ; and they are evan
now sufficient to consign great talents and brilliant ser-
vices to obscurity and oblivion. The do wnfal of Omer
Pacha is, I believe, now the leading subject of the thoughts
and conversation of the chiefs who grace Varna by.their
presence at this moment, and I have little doubt that were
he less supported by European influence, they would effect
it. He has given various causes of offence. He is of
giaour origin ; he has been too successful ; has reached
too high a grade ; is too cordial with Europeans ; acts
too much by their advice ; is not sufficiently Turkish in
his manners ; is not prone to embezzlement, aid does not
permit it in others when he knows of it ; and is free from
one or two darling vices of the Turkish aristocracy, to
which I dare not allude more particularly than to state
that in England they are punished by transportation
for life. As regards the ultimate issue of the delibera-
tions of this conclave I entertain no apprehensions what-
ever, and beyond a mere mention they deserve no notice.
The presence of so many functionaries here at present
is, however, a curious illustration of the Turkish style
of doing business. To superintend the embarkation of
the troops Omer Pacha had selected Mashur Pacha (Sir
Stephen Lakeman), who was certainly a man in every way
fitted for the work from his sound common sense, his prac-
tical turn of mind, his English way of looking at things,
and his business habits. Count Koscelki, a Polish officer of
great merit and indefatigable industry, speaking Turkish
fluently, and knowing the Turks thoroughly, had been
already sent hero by Lord Raglan and General Canrobert
for the same purpose. These two acting under Omer
Pacha would have been amply sufficient for the work ;
but the Constantinople wiseacres seem to have thought
otherwise, and hardly a week or even three days now pass
that a steam-frigate does not make its appearance in the
harbour with a new functionary on board, whu lands
amidst salutes of 21 guns from the batteries, surrounded by
about 50 attendants, and with fully as much baggage as
a regimen • t of infantry. Ismail Pacha arrived the other
day in this manner, with the view, it is said, of installing
himself per fns aut nefas as Omer Pacha's lieutenant on
the Danube during his absence in the Crimea. This
gentleman, though *a
brave man,
.and perhaps the best of
his class, has several Turkish failings ; amongst others,
an overweening confidence in the Sultan's resources,
which leads him to think the Anglo-French alliance per-
d to believe that the Turkish forces
fectly, unnecessary, an
alone are amply sufficient to deal with the Russians.
He is, consequently, by no means disposed to co-operate
cordially with Europeans, detests Omer Paella, and is
ready to take part in any plan for ousting him.
Omer Pacha arrived on Monday from the Crimea in
the Inflexible. It appears the Allied generals have pro-
mised him-transport?, and be is now about to hasten the
embarkation of the army as much as possible. The news
from Sebastopol is not very favourable. The houses are
st Balaklava, and also plenty of wood, but it appears
that there iA no means of transporting them to the camp ;
consequently the men are often obliged to eat their food
raw, and many have died in consequence. Some officers,
too, in trying to warm their tents with charcoal have
been suffocated.
The Turks are now embarking every day. The Hon.
Mr. Cadogan arrived here last night ; he has come out,
it is gaida to establish telegraphic corouicatiori between

The Courrier de, Marseille, of the 23d inst., pub-
lishes the following letter, dated before Sebastopol,
tho 7th inst. :

" The weather has been frightful for some days,
snow having fallen without intermission during 24
hours. But this was not the greatest inconvenience
we had to endure. The sun appearing converted
that snow into liquid mud, which now covers our
camp, and renders all the roads impassable. To-
wards evening the cold again sets in, which is endur-
able in our cantonments, but extremely painful to the
men on duty in the trenches. It appears certain
that a great portion of the corps of Liprandi has

marched in the direction of Eupatoria, for we no longer
perceive its fires on the neighbouring heights. The
Russian General, it is said, intends to attack the
Turkish division before it receives reinforcements
i from the army on the Danube. But no fears are
entertained for the security of the place, which has
been put in a respectable state of defence by French
officers of engineers and artillery. The 12,000 or
14,000 men already landed there are, besides, more than
sufficient to repulse the enemy. The reconnaissance
made, in the last days of December, by General Bosquet,
at the bead of a considerable force, had for its principal
object to destroy Tchourgoum, and to seize the provi-
sions collected there by the Russians. The expedition
completely succeeded. The village was reduced to ashes,
after our troops had removed therefrom all the articles
worth carrying off. The Russians did not display on
that occasion the same courage they exhibited on other
rencontres. Our Zouaves struck terror into them, and
they fled on their approach. The loss of the enemy was
not so serious as it would have been bad they offered re-
sistance. The French returned with 40 prisoners and
50 horses, having had only 4 killed and 10 wounded,
two of whom were officers. All our troops, as well as
the Turks, are now comfortably hutted. The same can-
not, unfortunately, he said of the English. Their huts
arc still at Ba.laklava, and the bail state of the roads pre-
vent them from transporting them to their camp. Tea
trenches, on the other hand, are literally under water,
and the siege operstione are consequently suspended
for the present. In the evening of the 3d a strong
division of Cossacks made its appearance in the
vicinity of Balaklaea. The Russian Generals, no
doubt, intended to dray thither a part of our force,
fer, on the following morning, they sallied out of
the batteries of the Garden, and attacked the French
lines. Their attempt-, however, was unsuccessful. They
were quickly repulsed, and vigorously driven back into
the place. Omar Paella, accompanied byMustapha Pasha
and some English and French officers, arrived on the sth
at the head-quarters of the Allies, where lie was enthusi-
astically received. After a visit paid by the Turkish
Generalissimo to Lord Raglan and General Canrobert, a
council of war, at which Admiral Lyonsand Bruat assisted,
sat for several hours. As you may suppose, the result
of that conference was held secret. However, from what
transpired, it is believed by the superior officers that
Omer Pasha, at the head of an army of at least 50,000
men, reinforced by an Anglo-French division, will
operate, toward the close of the month, to the north of
Sebastopol, keeping in check the Russian troops rest-
ing on Simpheropel and the reserves which may arrive
from the interior of Russia. Prince Menschikoff
appears determined not to risk ally general affair.
Perhaps his army is still under the impression of
its defeat at Inkerman, or he relies on the effects of
the inclemency of the season on our soldiers. This last
opinion is evidently entertained by the Russian General,
who is reported to have said—' Our troops may rest ;
Generals January, February, and March will fight
their battles far better than they could.' These are in
reality the auxiliaries on which the Russians always
most confidently rely, for it is to them they are indebted
for their most decisive successes. But thank God ► the
situation of the allied armies is such that they can
bear without any great inconvenience the inclemency of
a climate to which they are now inured, and it is little
probable that the Russians themselves are in so favour-
able a condition. Moreover, under existing circum-
stances, eight days of fine weather may totally change
the aspect of affairs. At the request of Lord Raglan,
our intendance placed 10,000 cloaks with hoods at the
disposal of the English army, which, consequently, now
wears the French uniform."