The Sun.
London, England, 1855-07-21 00:00:00

TEE .ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

The proceedings of the Royal Agricultural Society in the
North of England were' commenced at Carlisle on Thursday
by the partial opening of the show ground to the public. The
admission, however, was confined to the trial-yard, where
experiments were made with various steam-engines and other
machinery of large dimensions, to afford the judges the op-
portunity of testing their` respective. merits.
• This enclosure comprises an area of nearly
,15 acres,, This
space is separated into two divisions, the larger of which is
appropriated 'to live stock, implements, and agrietiltura.l
seeds ; the other to the steam-engines, stationary and loco.
motive, and the more complicated' pieces of machinery which
require steam power to ;put-thera in operation. The former
compartment contains no less than 36 wooden sheds or booths,
running across the ground'arid parallel to each Other. Tviro_ilitLY
of these .sheds are appropriated to live stock, including
g
horses, cattle, and sheep, 14 to agricultural implem ethes
ton bal
two to agricultural seeds and poultry.' Altogether,
Tho nu-
-Amount of shedding and fencing exceeds two miles.
excelled, if equalled, in any part of the kiriiegdwohich
the ban-
tura of the Soil 'upcin which the show is situated
excelled, cannot be
Within the show ground the pavilione,etm.
Its- constrnz-
wsuhinoletloef
quet is to he held next Thuriday, is e!, pali,oo—wood mid
tion is upon the. principle of the CrY_setas,'.uue time strong and
, .
away Carlisle
i,tsuobfs©urinescr IbiieTsi
et ether
r4t s o far as horses, a-rtd.
iron- handsome; airy, and light. at th
capable of accommodating SOO. r_s
II
otz, thhies
.adds 6001 . talking alOge
societY •, •
prizes.
It appears from there
concerned, the ensuing show is-liltfelv '
i,.4 020,t0.
especially-stallions, a
ever held since the formatio•• f - -
'whichrle tPisWgiliveonf
to be superior to any
department it will surpassll o the so.
the great '''s `:
ciety. 'ln this ber and qalitY Tho shown al,
Windsor both in number 'Clydesdale barges
are numerous and of the very first-rate quality.
in particular .
the entries are, perhaps, a
In cattle ll average number, but it
show of Gallowa
is believed that the fill
Ys and other local st ock
will prove a success . novelty.. ln the sheep departm, ant,
too, which is not numerous, the Cheviots are likely to cr i rz7
°litho palm.
When that portion of the show ground devoted to the ex-
positionof the powers. of the agricultural locomotive and flied
machinery was opened to rho public - • - 0 the weather was. not
favourable. •
Thep wore seven
, - --.-- • . • ..fined.. engines in the_ yard, all, NYith-,0110

exception, 0f 8-horse power, exhilited by Messrs. Birr
Exall, and Al tdrewes, 'of Reading; 'ClaYton, Shuttleworti+,
nil Co., Lin coin ;
Wm. Dray and London ;, Ransoms)
and Sims; Ipswich ; Gray and Co., Co.,
LTudingetone, Viktor;
Smith and Co ~ Glasgow; and Tnecord and. Sons, Buxton.-
The array o portable steam-engines, both Os regards beauty'
of appearance and excellence of fitliSii, was perhaps, superior
to anything. St has yet been exhibited underthe auspices of
ale society. ?hey were nin'b in nUmber, and by the: follovf•
mg. makers Messrs. Clay rear aud Shuttleworth, Ransomer
ond Sims, Croat, 'ill, of Btverly, Garrett and Son, Leiston,
spc,,,,,;.tee, of Wale:ill, flvali and Am/mares, Ho tasty'.
of GrsarthanceweOleyeall at4o-lasier, of London, mantufac.
teas attar Tata: l'ohorse glues agile: ^With die iteces
of machine:4? VelaCF,l steam plough may, properly be cies led.
atte' triti-ef -the,.e-,..rweib engines 45 conducted in a sezilevr•.
imperfect rime arose: a:het he. peculiar quality of coal supplied is
"zuol as to render leeaible • do •geikerate steam sutfleien .4;
for the.. satisfaOkOfr of 'the engines, which were
• several- tildes:brought 1.0 e:tandstill in ecniSequenee. Under
these eirennystaPoes,' the. resesl4•!:*isf .necessarily. be- an em-
perfect- ono. With liatir the • 'f1,,.--eft 'arid portable engines
tile usual methoctebsiorvearßje sa elety Was adopted, in the
lie/8704 .91 auPP.I.3I•Pg..-ta *ash, Foal for eaola
yfleet as large an
anioUnt.ef werk•aithe eapaeikrand.tii; .7reeoi3on2ical arrange-
-dent of the machine '4ollld- petrait upon t• he dinaneweter, or
foree,resisteristipplied bye society. •
So'far' asthe trials ha-ie. if present eioi,j, ••Messrs. Barrett,
Evall,and .ndrewes have dote the most wog.lf, running two
haura gig Minnte.and a half with 1 cwt. of coa.
The exPeriments of the portable engines vere attended
with the usual amount of excitement and specni, ttion among
the makers, several of the machines appearing 1,, kely to run
very close upon each other. The experiments , if the day
closed" With the performa.nce ortlessrs. gayton au, t Shuttle-
Worth,ls engine of an amount of work exceeding an before
effected, namely, three hoUrs and 27 minutes,' eing ai 1 eight
horse engine; with I cwt. of coal.
Beydell'si locomotive or steam traction engine attrae ted a
pod deal of attention. It is possessed of two six-and-a '^audf_
hiett cylinders, the engine is very readily reversed, and One
peculiarity" and excellence of its arrangement is that t 120
dragging wheels—which are the hinder pair of the ordinal
carriage wheels --aft driven, net by gear on the nave of tinn
wheel, as in fernier attempt 7 locomdtiVe farm engines,
but by gearing it at the circumference' Or the wheel, thus
renaernig ifillale—the leverage of tic spokes of the wheel.
The great 'obstacle to the application of steam power to
ordinary farm purposes has hitherto been the difficulty of
moving heavy efigiues on clayey Or' other ;.stiff soils.. This is
• obviated by the so-called 4" portable railway," which the
wheels of Boydell's invention -carry with them. consisting
of a series of shoes, or short lengths of rail, on a broad
sole, that by ingenious arrangement revolve with the
wheel outside its circumference; thus literally laying short
lengths of rail by the motion of the wheels themselves, the
rail always being Slightly ih advance of the wheels laying it,
and of course being pidled up and passed eggs' to the front
by each revolution. The 'first impression given to the spec•
tator on seeing this engine is by no means favourable, the
most striking feature being its unwieldly and uncouth ap-
pearance, but on a close examination, and more- especially
when in motion, there is much to excite admiratiosa as well
as .akftenishment. By a short projecting pole, with chains
attached, to a wheel, in all respects the same as, the
rudder chains and: wheel , of a ship, the entitle is
steered and turned completely round both quickl,y and
in an incredibly small space. Much amuseinerat was
occasioned -by the -manner in which it plodded thaangh
the yard at the rate of about four miles an hour, going-over
two 3-inch planks -laid'-ipon each other, without any ap-
parent check to the progress of the engine, which was aloe
run along the side of a steep embankment, throwing it consi-
derably out of level, without at all deranging its machine .7
•or in the least decreasing its efficiency.. It is well knowia
that the " portable-railway '! has for some time past been on
trial at Woolwich, and the principle, we believe, has already
been applied to the, wheels of some, heavy guns at the seat of
war. At Woolwich • the experiment was satisfactory, but
- Lord_Panmure is awaiting the result of the trial of this en-
gine, at the present meeting of, the society before -teciding
-upon any eateusive applicatien of the principle. Should it
prove satisfaietary, it will he the commencement of a new
era in military engineering and the transport of ordnance.
'lt is asserted that the machine, though 6 tons 10 cwt. in weight,
is available upon any soft uneven ground. It was tried upon
ground but recently saturated with rain, and though at the
time working with only 91b. or 101 b. pressure of steam, the
movement was very satisfactory, and the impression upon
the grass scarcely pereeptible It is also asserted that it can
draw 70-tons, or something like a dozen field-plece., or drag
as many ploughs through the soil at one and the same time.
This, however, remains to be seen. The ordieaa7 speed is
about four miles and three miles and a half an •hour, but
that can be increased if necessary. One apparent obstacle
to its service on very heavy ground is that the tank contain-
ing the water is placed so low that it would be liable to be
damaged by any strong obstruction' in Uneven or rocky dis-
tricts.
With respect to the general show of implements, there is
nothing very new or extforditiarT. The number of combined
thrashing, shaking, and winnowing machines is ou the in-
crease, and several of them appear to be much in achetnce
of previous years. Besides the portable machines, there are
three sets of fixed barn works for thrashing and fixing aud
'weighing off corn ready for market ; those of Messrs. ••Clayton
aud Shnttleworth, Garrett and Sons, and Rausome and Simi
appear to be the principal rivals.
The trials of- the engines were, as heretofore, conducted
under the immediate inspection of Mr. C. E. mos, con-
sulting engineer---to Abe society. The judges of the engines
are Mr. J. V. Gonch„ eivil engineer and engineer to the
Eastern Counties liailway, and Mr. W. Owen, of. Rotherham.
The revolving horse-hoc is said to be exciting great Auterest
among the farmers of the locality, which is a 'great turnip-
growing district.
;•tibseriptions have been raised to decorate the town. ,A
grand floricultural and horticultural exhibition is to be held
during three days next week in the vicinity of the show
ground, a ball is to be given on Wednesday, concerts during
the week, and many other minor amusements have been de-
vised to keep the Multitude in good humour.
The following is the programme of the arrangements at
the dinner on Thursday next
The Cumberland Floral and Horticultural Society intend
holding a grand exhibition Of flowers, fruits, and vegetables
(open to the 'United Kingdorit), on the 24th, 25th, and 26th
days of July, in spacious tents and marquees adjoining the
site fixed upon by the Royal Society. 2001. will be offered
for competition, and in the list may be noticed prizes
for stove and greenhouse plants, pelargoniums, fuschias, cal-
ceolarias, ericas, orchidaceous plants, exotic ferns, ranuncu-
luses, site. Perhaps the greatest" novelty is a first, second,
and third prize for the best collection of wax flowers ; this
art has attained great perfection, the correct and beautiful
imitations being sometimes most striking. 101. is offered for
fruits, including pine-apples, grapete melons, peaches, ;
and 41. 10s. for vegetables, including cucumbers, peas, pota-
t )es mushroomi, ske. In addition to the foregoing there will
be liberal prizes given for the best specimens of flowers, fruits,_
aud vegetables, grown and shown by amateurs only.

MARKBT NEWS.-(THIS DAY.)

COVENT GARDEN.

We have a: steady demand for fruit and vegetables, the
supplies of which were extensive, as fellows
FlilllT.—Pine apples, English, 5s to lOs per lb ; colonial
do., is te, 3s each i • hot-house gapes, 3$ 6d to 7s cdtper,lb ;
foreign ditto, Od to Os Od ; melons, 2s Od to 5s each
peaches, 15s Od to 226 ; nectarines 15s Od to 22s per dozen ;
apples, Os Od to Os Od per bushel); pears, Os Od to
Os 04.1 per dozen ; Orleans plums and green gages Os to
Os Od per punnet ; ditto, Os to Os (kl, sad common plums,
Os Od to Os per half sieve; cherries, 2d to 8d per pound;
lemons, 4s to 8s Od per 100; oranges; 4s to 10s par 100; fil-
berts, Os per 100 lbs ; cobnuts, Os to Os ; almonds,
Os-to Os per lb. ; walnuts, Od to 0.1 per 100; figs, ls Od
to 2s 6d perlb. ; strawberries N to B.i per pettle ; goose-
berries, is 9d to 3s 6d per half sieve ; currants, 3s Od to
5s Od per half seive ; raspberries, 3d to 9d per pottle.
Vlb:GETABLEb.—White cabbages, 6d to 10d per dozen;
red ditto, Os to Os Od per -dozen; French beans, Os Oct
to Os per half sieve ; brocoli, Od to Os Od per bundle ;
potatoes, 805 to 1409 per ton ; vegetable marrow, Od each ;
peas, 2s to 3s 6d per sieve ; broad beans, la 3d to 2s per half
sieve- turnips, 2d to 8d per bunch ; carrots, 6d to 8d per
bunch ; cucumbers, Os 2d to Os 8d each ; garlic, 8d to
03 8d per pound ; spinach, is Od to la 9d per sieve
old onions, 6a Od to 8s Od per bushel ; Spring ditto, ltl to
2d per bunch; leeks, 2d to 6d per bunch ; shallots"
4d to 6(.1 horse-raddish, is 6d to 4s Od per bundle ; Parsley,.
2d to Od per bunch ; celery, Os 8d to is 6d per
bunch ; endive, Is to 28 3d per score ; beet, is to is 6d
per doz. ; parsnips, Os CA to la Od per dozen ' • small
salad, 2d to Od per punnet ; mushrooms, 8d to lOd per
pottle ; artichokes, 4s to 6s per doz. ; cabbage lettuces,
61 to 8d per score ; sorrel, 6d to la per half sieve ;
radishes 4d to 6d per dozen hands ; tomatoes, 3s Od to 44
Od per half sieve chillies, is to is 6d per 100; Brussels
sprouts, is Od to •2's Od per half sieve ; capsicums, is to 2s
per 100. ; rhubarb, 2d to 6,i per bundle ; sea kail, Ad to
is Od per punnet ; 9d to 4s Od per bundle;
new potatoes, 11d to 3d per lb. ; cauliflowers, is to 3s per
dozen.

NEWGATE AND LEADENHA LL.
Turkeys, Os Od to 3s Od; Goslings, 5s Od to 6s 6d each;
Ducks, 2s 6d to 3s 6d ; tame Rabbits, Os Od to Os Od;
wild do., is to is 64 each; Pigeons, 6d to 104 each ;
large Surrey Fowls, Os Od to Os Od ; middling, 24 Od to
3s Od ; Chickens, is 9d to 2s 3d. • Capons, :3s 6d
to 48 CRI; Hares Os Od to Os 0(1 ;4Grouse, Os'Od to Os Od each
Guinea Fowls, 2s 6d. to :3s Od each. Ostend fresh butter,
lbslls
6d to 12s 6d, and English 11s 6d to 14s Od per d
to 6s 6 dozen .
English Eggs, Ss Oil to 9s Od ; French. ditto, 5s 0441
per 120.

NEWPORT.
Beef from 3a Bcl to 4s 6d ; mutton, 3s 8d to 4s 103
or k, 33 6CI
a
iamli,"sB.;lod' to .5s 10d ; veal, 3,10 d to 6s Od ; p
to 4s 6cl per 81ba.
36as
Ot6id.tovets
WHITECIIAPEL.
513130Lete tof,
eLobsters chi S'a
,1126 (1- o I-
to
o'
; 8d k,
43sa 161 d iolianni
6bti
, 4 4
per Ms. by the carcase.
BILLINGSGATE.
Turbots, Os Od ;to Oscot;l3lrillii,
is 0,
detr°ls:.
Flub, ls to 3s Od each •• Soree
10d to Is Od per lb ;
.Itis ;0 dintuott°4olll4l
3d to Is Od peEels, ---,t..f.,..
crs,p.,s 0(1
22 6d ;Crabs, GP tons 6d ; "....!I;aqiiev,e ' to 6s Per doz. ;
Common Orters,l63.t° 70)30'• Sm lt:' —s
il° ---s
per hsh;
Mackerel, 25s to 30s per_.
r. , ,lato 2a lid p doz. ;
Skate, 6d to Octper lb; 'Mr, is fid to 2s 6d pergon;
Bloaters, 10 Od
.to 15...1. per
_c.loz. ; Fresh Flerrings, 5s `d
'to Os per 100. ; {scotch, d°, bd; Sprats, 8s Od to Os Od '
bushel • Dorers, I Od to 103 each', Haddocks; 3 to 7 pel
doz. ; i',ik,) 6,1 ; Sturgeon, Gd per lb ; Prawns, 5 13 per
Mullets; dd to itd.r. hictod.
to
en
wns, 2s Od to 3s;
lb; Flounders, 1.8 tO la 6d. per dozen.
each ; Halibut; 6d per-
.l

BREAD.
The prices of wheaten bread in the metropolis are from
10d to I.oid; of householdditto, 814 to 90. per 41b loaf.

I -
• HIDES AND SKINS:
Market hides, 5611i1d 641 b, . id to aid ; 641 b to 7211),
to 3id ;27211) to 8011). 3id to 4(1; 8011) to 881 b, 4d to 4111,".
83113 to 961 b 4id to 4ad ; 961 b to 1041 b, Od to 0a; 104
11210 paid Od ; upwards,' Od to Od ; Horse bides, 50
5d to Os Od; calf skins, light, 2s Od to 3s Od ; ditto, full,
Gs Od to Gs 6d ,• Polled -Sheep, Os Od to Os Od ; Kents,
ocl to Qs Od ; Half-brads, Os Od to Os Od ; Downs, 4s 9i
to6s,a ;Lambs, 2s $d to 38 4d ; Shearlings, Is Gd to 1.
ray MARKETS.

tharitrura.—Old meadow hay, to 61 108 ; new'
ditto, 410 s to 5/ ss; old 'novo, 4/ 10s to 6/ 10s ; new ditto,
4: Oa to 5, 5. ; and straw, 1/ 6s Od to 1/ 10.3 Od per load.
A limited supply, and a steady demand.
QUISBERLANII.—OId meadow hay, 41 Os to 6110 s ; new
ditto 4/ Os to 5/ sa; old ,dov.i, V, OA to 61 10A ; and neW
Atto. 4/ Os to 5/ 51; and straw, 11 7s to 11 12s per load..
Supply rather limited, and trade firm.
• luTznitaPEL.erOld meadow hay, 3/ 15s to 6 6s; new
ditto, 41 Os to 5/ 5s ; old 41 Os to 61 10s ; new
ditto, 4' Os to 5/ ss;
.and straw, 11 63 to 11 10s per load.
Trade steady, ,with limited supplies on offer. ,

-4 - -
The Cu/Tiara, Sardinian war steamer, left denoa a fell,'
days ago with Acmes and prolieions for the Saresil6B4
army in the Crimea.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.

HOUSE OF LORDS-(YESTERDAY.)

The LORD CHANCELLOR took his seat on the wool-
sack at five o'clock.

Lord LYNDHURST begged to ask a question of the
noble lord on the woolsack with respect to certain mea-
sures of law reform. The noble lord at the latter end of
last session stated his intention of introducing a bill to
alter the law of divorce, and a measure for the purpose
of transferring from the Ecclesiastical Court to the Court
of Chancery almost all jurisdiction relating to matri-
monial causes. (Hear, hear.) The noble lord had
introduced a bill relating to this subject, but it
was subsequently withdrawn in consequence of some
objection raised to it by a right rev. prelate. The noble
lord had also introduced the Testamentary Jurisdiction
Bill, which had passed after some discussion, but when
introduced into the other house it was given up. In
the present session the Lord Chancellor suggested that
the Testamentary Jurisdiction Bill should originate in the
other house of Parliament. Notwithstanding, Parliament
had met as early as February, the measure was not intro-
duced until close upon the month of May. Several other
law measures promised had likewise been postponed
until they had arrived at a period of the session when it
was impossible to pass them. This was a state of things
which he thought demanded explanation. When he
found that such bills, introduced by his noble and
'learned friend, as the Registration of Deeds Bill, ob-
jected to in its passage through the House of Commons
by the law officers, he was disposed to think that there
was not a cordial co-operation between the noble and
learned lord on the woolsack and the law officers in the
other house. Not a single Government bill for the pur-
' pose of reforming the laws of England had been carried
this session.
The LORD CHANCELLOR observed that when it
was considered that four,fifths of the session were occupied
with questions relating to the war, he thought that that fact
was a very good reason why these measures of law reform
alluded to had not been introduced. He denied, then,
that there was a want of co-operation between himself
and the law officers in the other house. He thought that
his noble and learned friend (Lord Lyndhurst) was mis-
taken in supposing that the Testamentary Jurisdiction
Bill was delayed this session so late as May. He
believed it was introduced in March. It was of
course always his wish to consult the law officers
of the Crown in respect to all those measures of
law reform he deemed it necessary to introduce, and to
frame them in such a way as would meet with the gene-
ral concurrence. He pleaded not guilty to the charge
of baying introduced no measures of importance that
session. He felt that he had introduced a great many
important bills, which he hoped would become
law, in the course of the session. He could not
help thinking that his noble and learned friend
was induced to make those observations because
it was his intention to quit the house for the rernaiader
of the session. He was afraid they would have to sit
for three or four weeks longer ; and if his noble and
learned friend had only waited until the end of the ses-
sion, he would be much better able to express an opinion
as to the quantity and quality of business that had been
done.

After a few words from several noble lords, the subjeci
dropped.

SLAVERY AND THE SLAVE TRADE.

Lord BROUGHAM presented a petit:on from the
British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, which com-
plained of the encouragement given to the slave nrade
and slavery in general by various Governments in Ame-
rica, and by persons holding high offices under them.
After referring to several instances, as Guiana, Cuba,
and Carolina, the noble lord expressed a hope tha..; the
noble lord the Secretary of State for Foreign a Taira
would be able to give the house some hope that an ame-
lioration would be effected in this state of things.
The Earl of CLARENDON said he had no d pub t
that the warning of the noble lord would be attend KI to
in Guiana. The present Captain-General of Cuba, had
determined to act on the principles laid down by his
predecessor, and was desirous of doing everything in his
power for the suppression of the traffic and a beneficial
alteration in the present system.
The Merchant Shipping Act Amendment Bill was
read a second time and ordered to be committed.
The Bills of Lading (No. 2) Bill was also read a second
time and ordered to be committed.
The report of amendments on the Religious Wo 'ship
Bill was brought up and received.
The Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes Bill was
read a third time and passed.
The report of amendments to the Burial Bill was re-
ceived.

The Lady Raglan and Lord Raglan's Annuities Bill
was read a third time and pa,sed.
The Criine and Outrage (Ireland) Continuance Bill
passed through Committee.
The Turnpike Acts Continuance Bill was read a se-
cond time.

The West Indies Relief Loans Arrangement Bill was
zeal a second time.

SCOTCH SCHOOLMASTERS-THE LATE DLVI•
SION IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS.

The Duke of BUCCLEUCII wished to know wh. ether
her Majesty's Government intended to bring in a con-
tinuance bill for the purpose of continuing for ano-l'ier
year the present salaries of parish schoolmasters in r;cot-
land. Without such a bill those salaries must fall to a
very low point indeed.
The Duke of ARGYLL said the Government did_ not
think it worth while to go on year after year pa, ;sing
continuance bills. The question must soon be bro
to some final settlement. The existing salaries w )/ald
continue till Martinmas, and before the following t erm
there would be a meeting of Parliament, when the c nat-
ter could be dealt with. With reference to the m..,ont
division in their lordships' house on the Scotch Ec area-
tion Bill, it would be a matter of great regret if an idea
got abroad that the matter had been treated by t heir
lordships with any levity or want of consideration. It
must be distinctly understood that no division was to ken
upon the bill. Government proposed that the bill sh,
be withdrawn, that proposal was opposed, and the d ivi-
sion was taken upon the quedtion that the word " 51, ww"
stand part of the bill.
The Earl of DERBY remarked that the refusal to in tro-
duce another continuance bill looked as if it was in-
tended to make use of the destitution of the Sc 30:,ch
schoolmasters as a screw to force upon Parliament the
adoption of the peculiar measures which the Go% ern-
ment advocated. It was quite clear that the lat,, divi-
sion did not accurately represent the views of their lord-
ships' house with regard to the merits of the bill. The
truth was that the Government being aware that or t.i'y a
very small minority would be in favour of the bill vere
anxious that the numerical strength of the parties sh ,uld
not be known. They, therefore, wished to withdra' e the
measure, but when forced into a division by the 0 ppo-
sition, who wished to show the people of Scotlani:. by
how large a majority in the House of Lords was pre-
pared to reject any measure as that proposed by the Go-
vernment, they took the somewhat unusual coun e of
voting against the measure, instead of merely refra, ping
from voting. The majority against the bill was greater,
therefore, in appearance than it was in reality.
Earl GRANVILLE said there was no doubt thal-; the
Government were aware there was a majority ag amst
the bill, but it was hardly fair to state that as the sole
reason by which they were influenced in the course /they
took. They were also influenced by the strong ai 'peal
made by the noble and learned lord (Lord Broug raw)
and other friends of education for the withdrawal c f the
bill for the present.
After some remarks by the Earl of HADDING' CON
and Lord POLWARTH, the matter dropped, and their
lordships adjourned at eight o'clock.