The Sun.
London, England, 1855-01-16 00:00:00

ISPHMUS OF PERBKOP AND THE PASS
OF THE PUTRID SEA.

READING SAUCE, for Fish, Game, Gravies,
Hashes, Stakes, &e.—JOIIN and CHARLES COCKS, the
Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers of the celebrated READING
SAUCE, beg to CAUTION the Public azainst the daily frauds prac-
tised by many persons, who are offering their spurious imitations as
the genuine Reading Sauce. This sauce is patronised and recom-
mended by most families in the kingdom, and for general use it
stands unrivalled. It is sold by all respectable Fish Sauce Venders.
Be particular in asking for "Cocks' Rea lin; Sauce," which is pre.
pared ONLY by John and Charles Cocks, at their Manufactory, Duke -
street, Reading. All others are counterfeits. Observe the name,
"J. and C. Cocas, Reading," on the seal and label of each bottle :
without this none are genuine.

APPETITE AND DIGESTION IMPROVED.
LEA and PERRINS' WORCESTERSHIRE
SAUCE imparts the most exquisite relish to Steaks, Chops,
and all Roast Meat Gravies, Fish, Game, Soup, Curries, and Salad,
and by its tonic and invigorating properties enables the stomach to
perfectly digest the food.
The daily use of this aromatic and delicious Sauce is the best safe-
guard to health.
Sold by the proprietors, Lea and Perrino, 19, Fenchurch-street,
London, and 68, Broad-street, Worcester; also by Messrs. Barclay
and Sons, Messrs. Crosse and Blackwell, and other oilmen and mer-
chants, London ; and generally by the principal dealers in sauce.
N.B.—To guard against imitations, see that the names of " LEA
and PERRINS" are upon the label and patent cap of the bottle.

DR. CULTERWELL ONINDIGESTION . NERTOUSNESS, DEBILITT, AND
Also, on Urinary Derangements, Constipation, and Hemorrhoids, Is.
each, by post Is. 6d,
WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID.
" Abstentia multi curantur morbi."
A popular exposition of the principal causes (over and careless
feeding, &c.) of the above harassing and distressing complaints,
with an equally intelligible and popular exposition of how we should
live to get rid of them ; to which is added, diet tables for every meal
in the day, and full instructions for the regimen and observance of
every hour out of the twenty-four. Illustrated by numerous
cases, &c.

2.
LIGHTS AND SHADES OF MARRIED LIFE.
" He which that bath no wif, I hold him lost,
Helpless, and all desolat. De that hath no child,
Like sun and winde."—Chaucer.
Subject : Marriage, its expectations and Necessities—Development
of the Affections—Love Matches—Precipitate, impelled, and retarded
Unions—Marital Incongruities—Mutual Unsuitableness—Mental
incompatibility and Physical Defectiveness—Advantages of Inter-
marriage—Theory •f Gestation—Hereditary Resemblance—Mode of
determining Legitimacy. On Infelicitous, Infertile, and all Unas-
similable Alliances—Law of Divorce, &c., &c.

3.
CHASTITY AND ITS INFRINGEMENTS.
A Lecture to Young Men.
" What passions hurt the body—what improve,
Truths as refined as Athens ever heard."
Subject : Life's pilgrimage, from Infancy to old age. The advent
of the passions. Chastity and its infringement. The casualties of
licentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, narrative,
and remediative. Advocacy of early marriages, &c.
4.
On Secret Diseases, their Celt-management and Cure.
The GREEN BOOK.—A comprehensive and popular exposition
of genito and urinary diseases—their nature and treatment, com-
prising especially primary and secondary symptoms, all forms o
urinary derangements, stricture and spermatorrhcea; with 250 en,
gravins and prescriptions.

S.
The ELA.DDER, URETHRA, an 1 RECTUM.—Comprising
Urinary Derangements. Constipation, and llmmorriloids.
Vols. 6 and 7, companions to the pteceding.
VIE ENJOYMENT OF LIFE. HOW TO BE HAPPY.
"Jnennde Vivere."
"Few words to fair faith."—Shakespere.
Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or of
Dn. RICHARD CULVERNVELL,
Brother, Successor, and Twenty Years Can 4 ititing Colleague of the
late Author of the above, 10, Argyll-place, Regent -street, London,
who
Five, andmay be advised with on the aove maters daily, from Ton till
in the evening's, from Seven till Nine.

ADULTS AND JUVENILES.
THE Business of E. MOSES & SON provides
amply the Attire for this Season, and secures the best quality
at the meet reasonable prices.
The Establishments of K. Moses and Son are now replete with
every new and fashionable article of Dress for Admits and Juveniles,
and to order or ready-made the goods are sure to give the highest
satisfaction, the materials being the most superior, the styles of
workmanship unequalled—securing comfort to the wearer, and com-
bining Elegance, Cheapness, and Durability in Dress, Hosiery,Boots
and Shoes, &c., &c.
Emigrants are Oatfitted in the best possible manner. Ship-sailing
fnformatien is given. Fall List, of Outfits are sent post free ; and
the Wholesale Department furnishes the moat decided advantages
to Merchants, Shippers, and others.
SPECIAL NOTICE.—UntiI March 1,1455, E. MOSES and SON'S
ESTABLISHMENTS will be CLOSED at EIGHT O'CLOCK EVERY
EVENING, except Saturday, when they will be open till 11 o'clock.
CAUTION.—E. MOSES and SON regret having to guard the
public against imposition, having learned that the nntradesman-like
falsehood of " Being connected with their Establishment, " or " It's
the same concern," has been resorted to in many instances, and for
obvious reasons, they beg to state that they have
No C,NNEYION WITH ANY OTHyll, HOUSE IN on OCT OP LONDON,
except their own Establishments, as follows :
London City Establishment, 154, 155. 156, and 157, Mime's, 34,
85, and 86, Aldgate, opposite the Church. all communicating.
London West-end Branch, 506, 507, 804, New Oxford-street, 1,2,
and 3, Hart-street, all communicating.
Bradford (Yorkshire) Branch, 19 and 20, Bridge-street.
Sheffield Branch, 36. Fargate.
Colonial Wholesale Branch, Melbourne, Australis.
Merchant Tailor, Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, Boot and
dhoe Makers, and General Outfitters for Ladies and Gentlemen.
IMPORTANT.—ShouId any article not give satisfaction, it will be
exchanged if desired, or, if preferred, the money will be returned
without hesitation. An goods are marked in plain figures, the lowest
price, from which no abatement can be made.
The Establishments are closed from sunset on Fridays to sunset
on Saturdays, when business is resumed till 11 o'clock.
A new Book for Autumn and Winter. " The Commercial Cornu-
copia," containing full lists of prices, our system of self-measure-
meat, &e., &c., may be had on application, or post-free.
Id ron parte Francais. Qui si parla Italisno.
flier swum man pentads Aqua sa habla Espano.
In illustrated Almanac for 'Sr,' gratis. on application, or post ft ee

TRIESTE, JEAN. U.—The addition of the Radetsky
steam frigate to the Austrian navy was celebrated yes-
terday with prayers, church music, the national hymn,
firing of cannons, and a ball, at which the Archduke
Max stayed till 3 o'clock this morning. The Duke and
Duchess of Brabant are here,

THE AMERICAN PRESS AND THE WAR.

We certainly have no right to identify the great
American nation with the sentiments of their press,
but yet it is impossible entirely to separate the
two. Every leading newspaper in America, as
well as in England, must represent and reflect a
certain section of public opinion, or else it would
cease to maintain its position, and sink into insig-
nificance. We do not pretend exactly to define
the precise rank which the New York _Herald
occupies among Transatlantic journals. We know
that it is published in the first city of the Union,
possesses a considerable circulation, and is con-
ducted with as much ability as is required for
periodical literature in America. We see, also,
that the sentiments of the New York _Herald with
regard to the present war aro echoed from every
quarter of the States, and we therefore make no
apology for seriously calling the attention of a na-
tion united to us by so many ties to the libels on
her character and her honour which every steamer
brings to us from America in the shape of com-
ments and hopes with regard to the present state
and future prospects of the war with Russia. The
Americans have frequently shown themselves
acutely and even morbidly sensitive to European
opinion, and can hardly view with indifference the
very serious injury which the conductors of their
press are daily inflicting upon them.
Our American contemporary is of opinion—first,
that Russia has prevailed in the war hitherto ;
secondly, that she will prevail in it ; and, thirdly,
for the sake of the American Union, that it is
desirable she should prevail ; and consequently it
desires sincerely the triumph of Russia, and our
humiliation. We will not waste time in arguing
whether Russia, who finds herself compelled to
accept conditions greatly more stringent than
those to which a little while ago she would not
even deign to return an answer, agrees with
her republican apologists, and is eithr satisfied
with the past or confident of the future. These are
matters of opinion, and as such, however perverse
and distorted, are no objects for censure. But we
would gravely put it to the goad sense of the
American nation whether the success of Russia in
the present struggle would really be to them that
great material advantage which they are taught to
believe. It may be quite true that the Czar, being
without a friend in this hemisphere, holds out, as
the Herald phrases it, " the right hand of fellow-
ship" to the other ; that Russia is the enemy of
England ; and England, in an honourable and ,
noble sense, a rival as well as coadjutor to the
United States. The Czar may be prepared to tempt '
America, for aught we know, with commercial ad-
Vantages. He may represent himself as ready to
employ an American engineer to lay down an
electric telegraph, to buy iron for railroads when-
ever he finds money to make them and cannot get
iron from England, and to use American steam-
-vessels, if by any means they can reach him through
the blockade of the Allies. We may grant all
these, and these am literally all the considerations
which our conteniporaty can urge to support the
monstrous proposition of a community of interests
between the United States and Russia. The
answer is not difficult.
As, to the employment of American citizens in
Russia, the vast American continent itself offers so
wide a field for enterprise and exertion that the wish
of a patriot should rather be that the genius and in-
telligence of its inhabitants should continuo to be
employed in subduing it to the purposes of man
than that such valuable qualities should be at-
tracted to foreign lauds. Let Scotland or Switzer-
land send out her sous in search of foreign gold.
America has room upon her ample breast for
all her children. As for supplying the Czar with
American-built ships of war, as long as we remain
masters of the sea it will be impossible, and when
we have lost that mastery it will be superfluous.
Railways and telegraphs are not the works of a
nation unable to raise money by loan, possessing
double the population and half the revenue of the
united kingdoms, at,war with all the world, and
driven to the utmost extremity to find supplies for
every day as it passes by. The _Herald talks of
commerce, but commerce is between countries
whose natural products are different, and not be-
tween those which, possessing so many natural fea-
tures in common, are rather made by nature for
competition than exchange. Russia is to take
American iron. When 'I During war, when the
blockade will keep it out, or after peace, when the
English iron will undersell it ? Titere remains
nothing, then, but the " kindly feelings" of the
Czar to his Republican friends, and " the right
hand of fellowship" which ho proffers to their grasp,
hot with the life-blood of Republican Poland and
Democratic Hungary.
But, further, if Russia wine, England loses in a
much greater proportion, for it is far easier to de-
stroy than to transfer commercial prosperity, and
London might cease to be the mercantile capital of
the world without transferring that honour either
to St. Petersburg or to New York. The com-
merce of Russia would not be pure gain, but would-
be obtained at the expense of the commerce of
England ; that is to say, America would-exchange
customers of boundless wealth for customers with-
out capital, obliged to borrow the very funds re-
quired to cultivate the • ground—customers whose
laws are equally administered for others with whom
bribery sits barefaced on the judgment seat, —a
land whose institutions are stable and fixed for
a land which must pass one day from slavery to
anarchy, and from anarchy to revolution. But,
suppose the predictions of the Herald fulfilled, and
its wishes gratified. Suppose united Europe too
weak for the barbaric might of Russia, Turkey
overwhelmed, Prussia absorbed , Austria mediatised,
aid France and England, if spared for a while,
occupying towards the Czar a position such as
Saxony, Wurtemberg, or Bavaria,—would such a
state of things be beneficial to the United States ?
Would they feel confident that they could ride out
a storm in which so many gallant ships had been
wrecked ? Would they be able single-handed to
roll back a Power flushed with the conquest of so
many valiant hosts, and so many ancient nations ?
Would "the right hand of fellowship" be held out
and the same kindly feeling be extended to them
as that which now works so powerfully on Repub-
lican sensibilities ? Let them know themselves
better. If over the dream of universal monarchy
should be realised again in Europe, and seek to
realise itself in America, the state of the Union
would irresistibly suggest to the fortunate despot
the same game as Macedon employed towards
Greece. What field for his energies could a King,
master of countless armies and boundless treasures,
desire better than 30 Republics, connected by a
frail federal organisation, and separated by every
motive of interest and passion that can agitate and
pervert the human mind ?
True, we may be told there is the generous feel-
ing of patriotism, the noble abhorrence of tyranny,
the sympathy with right and justice, the repug-
nance to wrong and violence, which would weld
these fragments into one compact mass, and
teach every State to forget selfish and personal
considerations in a manly struggle for the public
good. Alas ! whom is this spirit to be found? Not,
assuredly, in the pages of those of our American
contemporaries who, without pretending to be able
to justify the quarrel of the Czar, or to controvert
the verdict which the conscience of United Europe
has recorded against him, cannot repress their as-
pirations for his success, because, base as are his
ends and vile as are his means, they believe—as
wo have shown, most falsely and absurdly—that
some cents of profit are to be gained by the over-
throw of all that is free and noble in Europe—the
destruction of arts and learning, and the retmn of
a deeper darkness than Goth or Vandal brought
upon the Roman world. For they, at least, were
superior in valour and virtue to the race which they
conquered ; but Russia brings nothing with her to
compensate for the ruin of the existing state of
things. Her barbarism is more corrupt than our
civilisation—her slavish hosts less valiant than our
free citizens.
Surely these things ought to weigh for something
with a nation that boasts to be the asylum of free-
dom and the depository of the higher and nobler
destinies of humanity. "It is not for gin-sling
and sherry-cobbler alone that man is to live," says
Sydney Smith, "but for those great principles
against which no argument can be listened to, prin-
ciples which give to every power a double power
above their functions and their offices, which are
the books, the arts, the academies that teach, lift
up, and nourish the world—principles (I am quite
serious in what I say) above cash, superior to cot-
ton, higher than currency—without which it is
better to die than to live."—Tinics.

A HERo.—The following incident is related of a pri-
vate in the 82d Regiment, which left Edinburgh last
week. A soldier's wife had come up from the country.
Not without heroic exertions, probably, she had come
possessed of money sufficient to purchase her husband's
release ; and to buy him off was the object of her visit.
The poor fellow looked with the intensest solicitude at
his young wife and her only child, and his eyes filled ;
but, brushing away a tear, he exclaimed that he could
never bear to be branded as a coward by hie- companions,
and to the East ho must go.—EclirOurg4 (\want.

We can acquaint our readers this morning with a fact
which will create no small astonishment, and which will
give the public a new insight into the policy of Russia
and the contingencies of the war. The Crimea, at pre-
sent the scene of hostilities, is ,a peninsula situated at
the extreme south of the Russian empire, and connected,
as our maps inform us, with the continental territory by
the Isthmus of Perokop. Across this isthmus, as we
have, hitherto understcod, all Russian troops must be
marched to the relief of their comrades before Sebastopol,
and great stress has naturally been laid upon the expe-
diency of blockading or occupying this important pas-
sage. The isthmus itself is but a narrow strip of land,
and is traversed by a wall of masonry from sea to sea.
The only access to the peninsula is through an arched
gateway in this wall, and thus, as we are informed by a
note in one of the best and most recent maps of the coun-
try in question, the possession of this fortified line effectu-
ally closes the Crimea against an enemy. Now, at this
moment "the enemy" advancing from the north is no other
than Russia herself ; and if, therefore, the Isthmus of
Perekop could be occupied, the Crimea and its fort-
, resses would be at the mercy of the Allies on the single
condition of dealing satisfactorily with the Russians
actually in Sebastopol or the vicinity. No further re-
inforcements could be brought up. The Crimea would
lee "invested" far more completely than Sebastopol it-
self, and the whole peninsula, rather than the principal
town, would be in a state of siege. Such has been
hitherto the prevailing belief, and various plans have
been accordingly suggested for bringing to pass a result
so desirable. Turks were to be landed at Perekop and
put in possession of the line ; gun-boats were to be sta-
tioned along the shore ; and, altogether, it was argued
that a pass so easy both to occupy and defend might be
made our own with great advantage to the allied cause.
Even if we could not absolutely keep out the Russians,
we should, at any rate, be accurately informed of their
coming, and could certify the strength of each reinforce-
ment, and the time of its approach, for the benefit of Lord
Raglan's army. Why these schemes were never carried out
it is unnecessary at present to inquire. What we now
wish to tell the public is, that they would, one and all,
have been perfectly useless, for that the Russian Go-
vernment had some time back constructed across the
shallows of the Putrid Sea another great military road
to the Crimea, so effectually that it is actually the better
road of the two, and so quietly that Western Europe
never heard a word about the matter.

if the reader will take any ordinary map of the Cri-
mea he will see that to the east of the isthmus of Peres
kop there extends a species of narrow inland lake,
known as the Putrid Sea, which is separated from the
Sea of Asoff by a curious dike-like strip of land, running
up from the eastern corner of the Crimea, and almost,
but not quite, touching the Russian continent at a
poi▪
nt called the Straits of Genisch. It is possible
for troops advancing into the Crimea from the interior
of the empire to leave the isthmus of Perekop, in
their rear, to march along the coast of the Putrid
Sea, to cross the Straits of Genitsch, and then, by toil-
ing along the whole length of the dikelike strip above-
mentioned, called the Isthmus of Araba, to enter the
Cri▪
mea a few miles north of Katie. This route was
actually taken by a Russian General in the last cen-
tury, and it still fonts a commercial road between the
eastern parts of the Crimea and the continent. Some
nine or ten years ago, however, a road was commenced,
upon bridges and viaducts, across the Putrid Sea it-
self, and was competed, we believe, a considerable
time before the outbreak of the present war. At what
points the communisation between the two shores
has been effected we cannot precisely say ; but they
approach each ether so closely in many places, and
the whole sea, besides being narrow, is so full of
shoals and shallows, that many facilities for the
undertaking were no doubt discovered. According
to the information we have acquired, foundations
were probably lail at favourable points of the
shoals, and bridges then carried from one point to an-
other, till the communication was complete. The road
itself, now that it i:s finished, is said to be the best road
available for the passage of troops and stores from Rus-
sia to the Crimea. For troops moving from Odessa we
imagine that the Perekop route would be preferable,
but for reinforcements arriving from the south-east of the
empire and the country of the Cossacks the route across
the shallows would be more convenient. In this case the
distance between Simpheropol and the interior would be
much shortened, and it is not improbable that both
routes may have been recently employed when it was de-
sired to surprise the allies with an overwhelming super'.
ority of force suddenly brought up. Altogether, the
fact thus tardily disclosed, in the filth month of our oc-
cupation, bears signal and striking testimony both to
the preparations of the Russian Government for the con-
tingency of war in the Crimea, and to the amount of
knowledge we nay yet have to acquire upon this and
similar subjects.-2 *nes.

CONDUCT O.F THE WAR,

The information from the Allied camp before &ball
tepol, respecting the condition and achievements of the
besieging army, is ample and accurate. But the reports
relating to the Russian forms from that quarter are si,-
gularly incorrect. Nothing appears to be known in
the French or English camps of the numbers of the
enemy opposed to them, or of the generals by whom
they are commanded. This might pass without notice
in the great body of the soldiery (officers and privates),
and the hangers on of the camp ; but it is certain that
the Commander-in-Chief lies been left almost as entirely
in the dark on these heads as the youngest drummer-
boy in his army. On the !morning of the sth of Nov. Lord
Raglan was entirely unacquainted with the tremendous
effort by which theßussim division,whose arrival encou-
raged Menschikoff to attack the position of Inkerman, had
been brought up from the north. Yet the dislocation
of Russian troops by which this movement was effected
was the common talk of the diplomatic circles in Berlin
—and some other Gerrath courts—almost as soon as it
began to be made. That Menschikoff had written a
vaunting letter to the Emperor as early as the 25th of
October, stating that he had now as strong a force as he
desired, and that in ten or twelve days he would com-
pel the Allies to re-embark under every disadvantage,
was known at Berlin early enough to have admitted
of the intelligence being transmitted to Lord Raglan,
by telegraph and express, in sufficient tims to put him
upon his guard. Why was not this done by Lord.
Bloomfield / It is the duty of our ambassadors at
"
foreign courts to communicate all important news tp
each other. If this inforination had been despatched to
Lord Statford de Redcliffe, there can be no doubt that it
would have immediately been forwarded to the Crimea.
as well as our Minister at Constantinople, and
Did Lord Bloomfield keep the Foreign Secretary in igno-
rancethe Commander-in-Chief of the Crimean Army 1 Or
did the Duke of Newcastle, after he had received
the information for the Foreign-office, coolly wait till
the course of time should declare the results of the Rua.
man movements, without even attempting to forewarn
Lord Raglan of what was impending ? The blame of the
omission rests between the Minister of War, the Foreign
Secretary, and our Ambassador at Berlin. One or all of
them must have been guilty of a gross neglect of duty.
In truth ourN.linistere, who are more especially charged
with the management of the war, and our collective di-
plomacy, seem to give themselves wondrous little trouble
about this same army that we have in the Crimea. We
do not mean to recur at present to the extent to which
the care of providing comforts and even necessaries for
the army has been left to non-:.,fficial and individual
enterprise ; we speak of the utter and wanton neglect
of the mo3t common precautions to keep our Comman-
ders in the Crimea informed of the number and na-
ture.of the forces opposed to them. What was
known at Berlin of the movements of the Russian
army prior to-the surprise of Inkerman was known
at Vienna, and Lord Westmoreland appears to have
been as dilatory in forwarding the information to head-
quarters as Lord Bloomfield. Again, our Ambassador
at Constantinople is (or ought to be) in constant com-
munication with our consular and other agents in Tur-
key and on the Black Sea. Has any attempt been made
to turn the sources of information to which those gentle-
men have access to account in the way of procuring in-
formation respecting the movements of Russian troops ?
Divisions of armies cannot be marched across extensive
tracts of country with the same secresy as a few bales
of silks or chests of tea are smuggled. The process of
collecting stores of provisions and the means of transport
occasions a contmotioa which extends over a wide circle.
Yet the march of Russian troops to the Crimea, from
the frontiers of Moldavia, escaped the notice of all our
well paid English agents in the East. From not one
of these worthies does Lord Raglan appear to have re-
ceived a hint of what was hanging over him.
In short, for all the trouble our War Department, or
our numerous consular and diplomatic agencies abroad
have given themselves, the British army, after its land-
ing in the Crimea, has been left t') find out for itself
where the enemy was, and what its force amounted to.
The Commander-ia-Chief received as few useful com-
munications from home as he had been frozen up, like
poor Franklin, in the Arctic regions, with an indolent
pick-tooth Admiralty resisting all entreaties to open a
communication with hint. This is in keeping with the
whole conduct of the War Department. It has sent out
men to the East, it has sent out stores of all kinds, and
as soon.as they were fairly out of sight of the British
coast, it has washed its hands of all further care of them.
If the men and stores reached their destination well
and good ; if not, Allah.
iR erim, the department shrugged
its shoulders and said t was a pity. We hear much
of Mussulman indolence and apathy : there are Turks in
Downiing-street, whom. we will back, in this respect,
against the most engrained Pacha of the old school.
Mr. Lindsay, in his late speech at Newcastle, probed
this administrative plague-sore to the bottom in a
few pregnant words :—" If a French merchant had oc-
casion to send a message by telegraph to his Minister at
War, requesting to know for instance, what goods were
to be shipped in a certain vessel, there was an answer
by the same rapid medium by 4 o'clock in the afternoon.
But if you wrote to the Admiralty, much nearer, the
probability was you would not get an answer in a week,
; and sometimes five weeks elapsed before an answer was
returned. This was not the fault of the men, but of
- the system ; there was no responsible head, responsible