The Sun.
London, England, 1855-11-03 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY F7ENTINeI NOVEMBER 3, 1855.

artful feeler, the object of which is to show that
the time for the resumption of peace negotiations
has actually arrived—that " there can be no fear
that the military reputation of the Allies would
suffer by a peace which withdrew their forces from
the Crimea ;" and that "it cannot be our policy
to push the War to extremity against Russia I"
We appreciate too justly the tact and ability with
which that journal has been conducted to suppose
that the se opinions are mere empty words strung
together without any ulterior object. They have,
therefore, occasioned considerable uneasiness and
anxiety respecting matters to which we should have
previously paid but little attention, but which now
require the utmost vigilance. "England loves
not coalitions." This is a great fact, enunciated
on high authority, to which we yield a ready
assent. Such a, coalition as that of BRIGHT, and
GLADSTONE, and RUSSELL, and the quondam
Protectionists, would excite universal indig-
nation and disgust. It might annoy the
Government, but it would really strengthen
its hands. We are convinced that there are
many true-hearted Englishmen, in and out of
Parliament, who would at once withdraw from
their ranks, and tender an honest and hearty
support to Lord PALMERSTON, believing that any
minor points of difference should be disregarded
when the national honour and welfare was at
stake. After the meeting of Parliament the
question would speedily be set at rest. There is,
therefore, an additional and ♦ery powerful reason
why the Session should be anticipated, and
the assembly of " the collective wisdom" take
place before Christmas ; so that the various
constituencies might be enabled to determine
what degree of confidence they could place in
their several representatives respecting that which
is of all others the question of the day par
excellence, and in comparison wherewith all
others are trivial and unimportant.

The oracle has spoken—Lord PALMERSTON, of
course, will obey. Our troops are to retire into
winter quarters, our navy into port ; soldiers are
to rest, feed, and drill, and sailors are to go to gun.
practice, till the season of military hybernation is
over. No news, or as the Russians have it, "nothing
new" from Balaklava, is to be literally good news.
M. SOYER is to be second in command, and a
modern FABLTJS comm ander-in-chief. Sic volvere
TEMTORA.

It may be useless for the Dii Minores to mut-
ter and rebel, yet they may be permitted perhaps
to have a word or two on the question of universal
interest. What is the present position of Russia?
The best-informed correspondents from St. Peters-
burg, and from other parts where Russian feeling
is best known, represent all classes as very gloomy
and disheartened,trade ruined, and money exceed-
ingly scarce. Indeed the Russian trade has been
always chiefly carried on with foreign capital ;
this during the War is either retained at home, or
employed on the armies which now hold her soil.
Her levies of new troops, exceeding anything de.
manded hitherto, must also sadly impoverish her
nobles, whose wealth consists in serf labour ; while
they are also required to furnish the recruits in
great part with an outfit. It is much the same
as if, in addition to a 10 per cent. income tax,
our farmers were compelled to give up to Govern-
ment
the horses and implements with which they
till the soil. The serfs are the horses of the
Russian landlord, so far as the income of his
estate is concerned. The recent but tardy con-
firmation by the CzAn. of the ancient privileges of
the nobles indicates that he first attempted to
deter them from opposition by intimidation, but
finding this hazardous, he has made a virtue of
necessity, and endeavcured to purchase acquies-
cence in his ruinous demands on their incomes by
au act of mere Imperial honesty.

In a military aspect Sir CHARLES WOOD has
left Russia we should say stronger for next spring
in the Baltic than at the beginning of the year,
since all that is vulnerable in Sweaborg has been
destroyed only to convert the place into a Gib-
raltar, and SWeden and Denmark remain where
they were. In the Black Sea matters are better.
The Sea of Azoff has been pretty well swept, only
rather too late. We are no longer cooped up in
the trenches, though the harbour of Sebastopol is
still useless to us ; and we are perfect masters of
the estuary of the Dnieper and the Boug. Of
the Russian position it must,- be confessed our in-
formation is yet but obscure. We ara but im-
perfectly acquainted with the number of troops
in garrison or reserve from Perekop to Odessa,
and up to Poland itself. The probability is that
they are not much more than sufficient for the
defence of the towns. A still greater
mystery is the Russians' means of supporting the
Army which now occupies the Crimea through
the winter. It seemed impossible when we had
cleared the Sea of Azoff, and established ourselves
at Eupatoria, that the Tchorgou, or any other
route, could supply an army of one hundred
or one hundred and fifty thousand men. The
Russians who fell at the battle of Tchernaya
were seemingly half-starved, and it was thought
that food itself could not long be brought in
sufficient quantity. On this point alone would
now seem to depend whether or not the Russians
will evacuate the Crimea before the next cam-
paign. To adopt the NICHOLAS and MENSCHIKOFT
style, Generals Winter and Starvation are to try
their skill ; other Generals, at least, axe to re•
-main quiet.

In all probability some parties will endeavour
to bring about a peace if possible this winter. The
attempt must, in any event, serve Russo-Austrian
objects. If Russia can but hold the Crimea
during such attempts, and Nicolaieff and Odessa
remain untouched, she will certainly negotiate
on better terms. Most"Mely, however, the in-
completeness of her present humiliation will
embolden her to try the old Vienna shuffles again,
with the view, not of making peace, but of gain-
There can be little doubt that the
ing time.
paralysing effect of the Vienna negotiations this
spring delayed the fall of Sebastopol a month at
least, and thus interfered with the complete con-
quest of the Crimea, and the
incredibleeattaeksen thatNieol our
and Kherson. It would semi
Statesmen
Jo
poeriathe follies
xt
Rur
RUSSELL
wyheic have
t,h
while
ex-
tinguishedl
e the
Coi
n bLuorngds ann
andd A u
isnt r ipa akr
iese, p tit heiri
s mp rpeossesni
bt
ep onsoi
tt in ot o
fear some diplomatic mischief.
If asked what we should recommend, we
be
emust
own that we think all possible mischief should
done to the enemy before the coming winter. If
Nicolaieff cannot be taken now it will be almost
unassailable, by the river at least, next spring.
We must leave that to the brave and skilful
I captors of Kinbourn. We concur with those who
think that fort itself, at least if rightly used, an
invaluable acquisition. Even without the cap-
ture of Nicolaieff, the dockyards of that place could
never send a vessel past the fort, if the power
which held it had at the same time a navyto co-ope-
rate ; it would nullify the Portsmouth of Russia.
We trust no peace will ever restore it to Russia.
If, however, we can advance no further up the
Dnieper at present, we do ask the question, which
again is in every mouth, Why spare Odessa ? To
destroy its power to shelter and feed Russian

troops during the winter is a first necessity. We
do not wish for unnee:,,ssary cruelty, bit its de-
struction before winter would facilitate very much
our spring operations. Ismail and Nicelaieff, and
the Crimea, too, would sensibly feel the loss of
Odessa, and our army reap the advantage. The
town lies at our mercy ; the terms therefore are,
most reasonably, unconditional surrender or de-
struction. If its brutal masters prefer the latter,
the inhabitants must thank themselves and their
CZAR, not us. The CZAR has made its annihilation
as a military measure indispensable to us. If he
prefer the ruin of his subjects to their submission
to civilised conquerors, be alone is answerable
for the painful consequence. Every consideration
demands that Odessa should not survive the
winter. It seems, indeed, mere wantonness to
destroy small towns of little or no consequence in
the Gulf of Finland, and to leave standing in the
Black Sea a town which is the basis of half the
movements of the Russian army in that quarter.
Russia would not, under similar circumstances,
deal thus with Liverpool or Hull.

The time-honoured, but by no means generally
adopted, practice of Members of Parliament ren-
dering an account of their stewardship to their
respective constituencies runs no risk of falling
into desuetude. The advantages resul ting from
it during the present War have been too great to
admit of that. Nobly as the Press in the main
discharges its important duties in exposing ablases
and stimulating Government to the discharge of
its obligations, something is still wanting to ren-
der its powers as effective as it is desirable they
should be, and that is incontestible proof that it
fairly reflects the popular sentiment ; and this,
though only a few representatives have given
opportunity for its manifestation, the practice in
question has unmistakeably elicited. Wherever
the required occasion has been afforded it has
been seen that the opinions of the great majority,
of the Press as to the magnitude, justice, and im-
portant bearings of the War, the maladministra-
tion of it at the outset, the high emprise of our
forces, and the absolute necessity for such a vigor-
ous prosecution of hostilities as is required for the
conclusion of a safe and honourable peace, have
been promptly endorsed by the constituencies. A
practice so approved, and of such value in trying
circumstances, cannot, in fact, but commend itself
to universal adoption.
The remarks of Mr. COLLIER to his constituents
at Plymouth on this head are worthy of attention,
while his entire address, and the loud tokens of
approval it elicited, go to prove the truth of our
observations. How emphatic is the declaration
of his opinion, that " there was no individual i❑
Plymouth who, whatever might be his political
views, would allow the War to be treated as a
party question," and of his confidence that "if,
on the opening of the next session there should
be found in the House of Commons any section
who should endeavour to degrade this great Euro-
pean question into an instrument of party war-
fare, and to make political capital out of the
national triumphs or disasters, they would meet
with the indignant reprobation of every honest
nan in the kingdom." And how worthy of an
enlightened constituency was the response. " The
great events of the War," he said, " were far
above the region of party politics. We were
living in remarkable times ;" and having ad-
verted to some of the probable results of the
War, and the darkness that envelopes the future,
he proceeds to state, not less truly than forcibly,
that, "having attempted to avert the War, they
had entered on it not from a lust of conquest,
but in the defence of liberty and in resistance to
a long series of systematic oppression, of which
the last act was so palpable as to leave no choice,
but to resist it ;" and that we essayed to do " in
conjunction with our natural ally," with whose
aid we would continue the War, " not for the
accession of glory, but to erect a rampart against
the further progress of a Power aspiring to uni-
versal dominion, and by exacting material guaran-
tees for the peace of the world."

Passing on to a historical retrospect of the past
yehr, he well observed that it "presented a strange
picture, in which the brightest lights were con-
trasted with the darkest shadows. On one side
brilliant victories, courage, endUring fortitude,
than which nothing nobler had been recorded in
ancient or modern annals. On the other side fail-
ure, incapacity, and neglect, followed by disasters,
by suffering, and by death"—light, however, on
the whole, predominating over darkness, and
" British courage and perseverance being seen
breaking through the trammels of, routine at
home and triumphant over the enemy abroad."
Adverting to the fearful destruction of our troops
in the trenches, " it was not enough to tell him
that it arose from our having been 40 years at
peace, or that it was the fault of the system ;" it
was the " result of incapacity, brought to light
by the newspaper correspondents in the Crimea."
Having defended the system of newspa?er corres-
pondence, " by which all the events of the War
were made public as soon as they occurred"—he
reviewed the history of the session, and expressed
his conviction, which he supported by recent
illustrations, that the present " Government had
taken a vigorous, decided, and successful course
with regard to the War," the aforesaid illus-
trations, involving events likely in his opinion
to lead, and before long, to peace. The
Honourable Member, it will be seen, next addressed
himself to home topic, remarking at the outset
that it was one of the greatest evils that a
state of war entailed, " that they could not at
the same time attend to the administration of
internal affairs"—a statement which, by the way,
ought never to be advanced -without qualifioation,
seeing that Parliament could if it would. The
remainder-of this eloquent, truthful, and liberal
speech we commend to the notice of our readers ;
as also the patriotic, if not very original, speech
of Colonel FREESTUN, at Weymouth, on the War,
both of which will be read with general satis-
faction.

Those who have watched, as we have done with
mingled admiration and hope, the political career
of the liberal and enlightened heir of the house
of Derby, will regret to learn that there is no
probability of his becoming, at least for the pre-
sent, a member of the existing Government. As
we intimated yesterday, overtures have actually
been made to his Lordship, which, however, he
has unfortunately seen fit to decline. The post
of Colonial Illinister which was offered for his
acceptance will, consequently, be again open to a
crowd of med locrities. What were the precise
grounds on -which the Noble Lord's refusal was
based we aro -unable to state ; but while commend-
ing the public: spirit which induced the Premier
to seek his ezo-operation, we cannot but deplore
the existence of adequate causes for its being
refused. :LOA STANLEY is too conscientious and
d to have refused on mere party
field for speculation.
lays Of ien a
grounds. T fact of his having done so,
widethere-
fore,

We have ason to believe that Mr. James Campber.,
QC., has bees appointed to the vacant post of Commis-
sioner of Chat ities.
We are reqi jested to state that no meeting will tak
place to-morre .w, in Hyde•park, in connection with the
People's Pros, iBioll League.

rj
LATE T ,N .11] WS

------ a

PARIS, Nuv. 3.
Despatches arrived last night from the Crimea,
The Allies htva completed important recoil.
naissances, and retired.
The bases of action are all satisfactory.

LU BECK, FRIDAY.

General Canrobert has embarked fur Stock-
holm, in the steamer Ganthiod, which hoisted the
French standard.

DANZIG, FRIDAY.

The Geyser has arrived. She left the fleet on
30th ult. There is no news. The bulk of the
fleet proceeds next week to Kiel.

ST. PETERSBURG, FRIDAY.

A despatch received here states that all the
liners of the fleet off Kinbourn have proceeded
seawards, and that the enemy have undertaken
nothing new.

Yesterday Prince Gortschakoff telegraphed tha
there was no movoment to report in the Crimea.

NICOLAIEFF, Om. 23, 5 p.m.

Prince Gortschakoff announces that, according
to a report of General Schabelsky, the enemy is
advancing in the direction of Toulat, but it is not
known whether he intends to march. upon Sim-
pheropol, or to follow the direction of the sea
coast.

There is no certain information as to the

amount of his forces.

Under date Oct. 23, at eleven o'clock at night,
the Prince writes :--." In his movement in ad-

vance the enemy stopped before noon at the
heights of the village of Aschaga-Djamine, and ex-
changed some shots with our dragoons. Three of
our regiments of lancers having then made a
demonstration, in order to threaten his left flank,
he retired behind Aktatar. At three o'clock in

the afternoon General Schabelsky occupied a po-
sition near Tchebbotar."

--,.......

THE CRIIVIEA.

The Post Ampt Gazette contains the following :
—" The main force of the Russian army is still en-
camped on the heights of the Belbek. At the
source of that stream is General Lipraudi forming
the left wing, whilst General Wrangel, commanding
the light, is in the upper valley of Baidar. Eupa-
toria Seems destined to form the pivot of important
operations. On the 20th the superior office of ad-
ministration at Constantinople received orders to
prepare immediately stores and provisions for Eu-
patoria, and especially forage for 18,000 horses.
Up to the 20t-h, from 12,000 to 20,000 fresh troops
had been sent to Kinbourn, but the greater part
of them have not lauded, and are still on board
ship. On the same date the reserve camp at
Maslak contained 14,000 French troops."
A letter from Warsaw, of the 27th ult., in the
Augsburg Gazette, says :—" It is certain that some
Russian troops have quitt d the Crimea. Ivor
example, the first brigade of the 14th division of
infantry of the reserve, which formed part of the
garrison of Sebastopol, lately arrived at Nico-
laieff. Artillery has also arrived in that place from
the Crimea, and it is probable that other troops
will likewise be taken from the Crimea for its de-
fence. But these are considered as only temporary
measure, rendered necessary by the movements
of the Allies, and they in no respect indicate the
intention of evacuating the Crimea."
A letter from Odessa, of the 19th, in the (Ist
Deutsche Post, says :—"Accounts from Simphero-
pol describes the whole place to be in movement.
Many of the inhabitants were leasing the town.
The hospitals were being transported towards the
north, to Perekop, Nicolaieff, and Kherson, whilst
the wounded who were in those towns have been
taken to Vossmessensk. The dearness of provisions
was excessive at Simpheropol. The Russian army
of observation at Eupatoria is _said to be 60,000
strong, and includes 20,000 cavalry. It is com-
manded by General Schabolski, chief of the Dra-
goon corps. The avant-posts aro near Koutsgar
and Karagurt. General Grotenjelm, the com-
mander at Odessa, has advanced on Otchakoff in
forced marches at the head of the 3d division of
light cavalry."

iectly unthrstood that the amputation men will be de-
spatched to their homes with the indemnities for travel-
ling expenses provi lea by the rules of the service. If
there are any who ,hotil,l prefer to retnain in the lintel
de,: Invaiilei.!, they will ho received in the infirmary till
put in po,:sei.ni (.4 pipers froai the State, which will
zusure them their petoi,n."
Boni:m.1), Nov. 2.—The following are the last
qaotatious :
Cash. fr. e. End of Month.
4:1 per Cents i-0 25 —f. —c.
3 per Cents 6l 30 64 30
New Loan 65 _
Bank Shares 3190 Roman
Credit Mobilier 1155 Austrian
Belgian Fives ...... .. 95} Spanish Threes —
Piedmontese Bl 50 Rome Debt 32A
RAILWAYS—POE CASH.

fr. c.
Or!qaIIII
5()
Northern
Lyons .......... .... 1,20 Nun, Ditto
Mediterranean ...... 1220 Grand Central 531 4
Lyons Ganeva 650 Test°
Cetto 662 50 Anitrian Com. 7ll 25

Brigadier Mackenzie, commanding at that sta-
tion, had issued an order such as might exempt
Europeans from the frightful noise-making deemed
essential on the occasion. A procession, with
the usual accompaniments, passing in apparent
bravado near his quarters, were compelled by
him to return. They seemed to have fallen
amongst a set of angry spirits, glad of -any
opportunity of avenging a personal quarrel,
and a furious band shortly afterwards rushed
against the brigadier, cutting him with their
swords, and leaving him only when they believed
him dead. Though severely wounded over the head,
arms and body, he is still recovering, and is now
considered out of danger. His assailants have
been secured, and await their trial. With the ex-
ception of these isolated cases of violence, due to in-
dividual causes, and which afford no evidence of
general disquietude or discontent, peace and pros-
perity reign as they have long reigned through-
out our dominions. The military preparations
against Persia, Egypt, or Affghanistan, with which
some of our home contemporaries seemed bewil-
dered, never had any existence save in imagination.
Our rainy season is apparently over : rain has been
so deficient everywhere, save in the Punjaub, that
there is great reason to apprehend one of those
periodical famines which overtake us once every
twelve or fifteen years, and of which the last
occurred in 1838. Accounts have just been re-
ceived of the loss of the ship St. Abbs on a coral
reef north of Madagascar, which had been about
a hundred miles misplaced on the captain's
charts, though correctly laid down on those
of the Admiralty for the past forty years. This
is the fourth or fifth vessel that has within no
great distance of time been lost in these seas
from the use of antiquated sailing directions, bad
charts or instruments, or faulty observation.
The Governor-General continues at the Hills, ad-
hering to his original plan of embarking in No-
vember at Calicut, visiting Madras and Burmah,
returning and spending some weeks or months at
Calcutta, and leaving for Europe in February.
The Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Madras,
after a short visit to the Hills, are on the eve
of returning to the Presidency. The Commander-
in-Chief in India, Sir William Gomm, continues
drawing his twenty thousand a year somewhere
ea the Himalayas, but is we believe on the eve of
returning to Europe with probably a hundred thou-
sand pounds in his pocket, having slept through
his'five years' tenure of office more soundly than
any head of our Indian army has ever been per-
mitted to sleep. Lord Elphinstone is at Bombay,
completely restored to health, busily employed
with plans for the general improvement. Sir
Henry Somerset, our Commander-in-Chief, having
inspected the troops at Ahmednuggur, is about to
pay the forces located at Mahableshwar a similar
visitation, and the head-quarters of the army will
be removed to the Hills from the 10th inst. Colo-
nel Le Grand Jacob, Resident in Catch, baying
just returned from two years' visit to Australia and
the Eastern Seas, has laid before the Geographical
Society a large mass of statistical, antiquarian, and
political information. He describes Sir James
Brooke, whom he visited, as one of the most dis-
tinguished philanthropists of the age, points to the
monopoly of the spice trade by the Americans, and
the splendid prospects of our colonies in New Zea-
land and Van Diemen's Land—and he is one of
the most invaluable 'of authorities on all these
subjects.

MILITARY INTELLIGENCE.

CASUALTIES BY DEATH IN INDIA SINCE THE DEPARTURE

OF THE MAIL ON TWE 13TH OF SEPTEMBER.

Madras.—Lieutenant W. T. Cardale, 25th Native In-
fantry, at Madras, on the 9th September ; Captain H.
J. Anderson, 34th Regiment Light Infantry, at Secun-
derabad, on the 14th September.
Bengal.—Lieutenant Eden, 39th Native Infantry, at
Debrooghur, on the 26th August ; Lieutenant H. Sin-
&air, 30th Native Infantry, on the let September ;
Brigadier W. Mactier, C. 8., Commanding Benares
Division, at Benares, on the 17th September.
Indian Navy.—Lieutenant S. B. King, at Surrachce,
on the 22d September.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
THE BOMB.A.Y MARKETS.

(From the Overland Bombay 7'ime3 of October 2 )
We have no change to note in the money market
since the date of our last report. Money is easy and
likely to continue so for some time to come. Rates of in-
terest remain unaltered. Very little has been done in
shares or Gove►nment securities, and prices remain
about former quotations.
The favourable change in the weather, noticed in our
issue of the 13th ult , was of short duration, only about
three inches of rain having fallen, or in al:, up to
the present time, 48 inches, being two-thirds of our
usual average supply, a state of matters which a little
later in the year will be productive of great distress in
the Deccan and Southern Concan, which have suffered
most from want of moisture, and are almost totally
withered. Prices of grey goods are nominally the same,
but we note a decline in shirting of 40-inch and T cloth
of la. to 2a. per piece, while in other descriptions there
is no change.
Bleached goods are dull, excepting shirting and male-
pollarns, which are in sight request.
Satin spots and twills are dull, and in no demand.
Fancy Goods—There is very little to notice under
this head.

Yarns—Mule and water dull of sale, and in some
counts prices are easier.

Metals—A further improvement has taken place in
prices.

Cochineal—The demand has been rather less active.

•
Woollens—The market is very quiet.
Exchange—On England for the past fortnight ruled
steadily at the following quotations lfd. to 2
1 5-16 d. for first class credits, and 2s. 10. to 2s. 14d.,
for document, but towards the close document paper t,
a small extent changed han Is at 2s. 1 9-16 J. On Cal
cutta we quote lir. premium at sight, and Yr. premium
at 60 days' sight. Mairas, Ir. premium at sight, and
par at 30 days' sight, and on China 224 r. at 60 days'
sight.