The Sun.
London, England, 1855-01-17 00:00:00

LLOYD'S SHIPPING-(THIS DAY.)

LONDON, Jan. 17.—Wind this day at Noon, strong
breeze from the north-eastward, with frost and snow.
PORTSMOUTH, Jan. 16.—Wind, N. Arrived—Ocean
Queen, from London, and sailed for New York. The
Bourse d'Anvors, from _Antwerp to Havannah, and the
Maria (s), Belfast to London, were in collision yesterday
off Beachy-head ; the former has been towed in hero by
the latter, leaky, and cut down to the water's edge.
ItAmsGaTE, Jan. 16.—The Livingston is a total wreck;
crew saved. _ _

COWES, Jan. 16.—Wind, N. Sailed—Balder, for Ade-
laide, S.A.
PLYMOUTH, Jan. 16.—Wind, N.E. Arrived—Colonist,
from Soderhamin, for Melbourne. Off Port—The Alert
(Danish barque), from Copenhagen, for Vera Cruz.
LOWESTOFT, Jan. 16.—The Eugene, of Calais, for Now.
castle, is on shore hero, but will probably be got off if the
weather moderates.

WARRENPOINT, Jan. 15.—Tho Amelia Raymond (brig),
from Bordeaux to the Clyde, was stranded yesterday.
morning N.E. of Dandrum-bar ; the vessel re-
mains on shore.

CORK, Jan. 15.—Wind, E.S. Arrived—Doris, from
Mazagan.
LIMERICK, Jan. 15.—Wind, N.E. Arrived—Diadem,
from St. John's, N.B.

(PER ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.)
LIVERPOOL, Wednosday Morning.
Wind, E.
Arrived—Maria Culatio, from San Sebastian ; Thaise
Bordeaux.

QUEENSTOWN, Jan. 15.
Wind, E.
Arrived—Albatross, from Alexandria; Angelita, Pillau.

(BY SUBMARINE AND BRITISH TELEGRAPH.)
GRAVESEND, Wednesday, 10.25 Ilan.
Wind, E.N.E. ; tide, three hours' flood; snow.
Arrived, Jan. 16—Sultana, from Jersey ; Specimen,
Seville.
Jan. 11—Adonis (s), from Harlingen.
Sailed—Alecto, for Morton Bay.
DEAL, Wednesday, 9.20 a.m.
Wind, E.S.E. ; strong.
Passed last night—Jessy, from London, for St. Helena.

THE FRENCH LOAN.—The advices from Paris yester-
day confirm tho statement of the applications for the loan
having reached a total of about 80,000,0001. sterling.
They also mention that the small subscriptions, for 500 f.
Rentes and under, exceed the whole 20,000,0001. to be
allotted, and that the large capitalists will get nothing.
SHOCKING ACCIDENT.--On the Bth instant David
Henry Jones, a clerk in the office of the general ma-
nager of the Manchester and Sheffield Railway Com-
pany, at the London-road station, Manchester, while
attempting to jump upon an engine that was in motion,
taking out the 11.30 a.m, train to Hull, missed his
footing, and his right foot, slipping down upon the
near rail, was crushed by one of the wheels. He was
holding on by the handrail of the engine, and his cries
induced the driver to stop as soon as possible. Jones,
who was only 17 years of acre, had been sent to the
engine-driver with letters tole taken to Hull, and had
attempted, against the rules of the company to ride up
to the office-door at the end of the station, when he met
with this sad accident. The greatest attention was paid to
him, and he was taken down to the, Royal Infirmary,
where, at the request of the railway manager, Dr. Har-
rison, medical attendant of the company, and Mr. Smith,
surgeon, of Mosley-street, went to consult with the
surgeons of the institution as to the best steps to be
taken in the case. All these gentlemen were of opinion
that it was necessary to amputate the fore-part of the
foot, but the youth's parents, who were sent for as early
as possible, refused to allow the operation, and insisted
upon taking him home that they might consult a surgeon
of their own. The result was, that he was put under
the care of the present representative of the once cele-
brated "Oldfield-lane doctor," in whose skill the humbler
classes have always had great faith. The foot was not
taken off, and at first appeared to go on well, but on
Thursday morning last mortification bad commenced,
and the leg had to be amputated a little below the knee.
Tile operation proved too severe a trial for him in his
then exhausted state, and he died at an early hour yes-
terday morning.

7 .1855,

WHY br_AS SEBASTOPOL NOT BEEN

TAKEN ?

TO THE EDITOR OF -THE CALEDONIAN MERCURY.
Sir
,—The Emperor of the French, Louis Napoleon, in
his I peech a short time ago to the Legislative Assembly
elate d that France hasatthis niomeutan army of 581,000
sold' iers. A question here naturally suggests itself to
eve! y one who reads this speech--" 581,000 soldiers be-
lon: ging to our ally ! How does it happen that Sebes-
tor ,01 has not been taken long ago, and what occasion
ha 3 England to engage twenty or thirty thousand Ger-
. la ans to enable the allies to make head against the Rus-
ei ans ?"
Wheel we were about to engage in the present war,
:one (lithe great arguments continually advanced by the
-warlike party in the country against the peace party was
; te,11:18 :".-"" France is the first military power of Europe,
! Englund is the greatest naval power, and, in addition to
' thate the richest—disposing of an almost unlimited
ear.ount of capital. England and France united, nothing
Cray resist them. Russia will soon be obliged-to sue for
emercy."
Without the alliance of France we should never have
dreamed of attacking Russia. But with such an alliance
—always supposing that France would put forth her
1 whole strength, in the same manner as we should—we
had every right to believe, as Sir James Graham said,
that ttse war would be sharp and short ; would in effect
be errsled in a single campaign by the capture of Sebes-
topoie and the destruction of the whole of the Russian
• fleet, in the Black Sea. This might easily have been ac-
car aplished last summer, as I shall now proceed to show.
France, as I have already stated, is the first military
pc .wer in Europe. She has at present, and had during
the whole of last year, 531,000 men under arms,
p erhaps—taking all their qualities together—the first
s oldiers in the world, far superior to the Russians,
aad equalled only by the English. But this is not
a IL. France can at any time double the number of her
Sii seding army, and that without a new conscription—
sir imply by a decree of the Emperor. I shall point out
lof pw this is done. The young men, when they are Ee-
-1,/ eted by ballot for the conscription, are engaged fur 8
71 :ars. But before they have'run out their term of eight
1, !ars, a number of them, though not the whole, are al-
ways sent borne at the end of 3or 4 years, under the
0 bligation, however, to return to their colours at any
t Lase during the period of their engagement, when re-
( pired to do so by the Government.
IThus, there is always in France a number of soldiers
perfectlytheE
whole of last year, and which he can command at the
of Louis Napoleon already referred to, it is stated that
the conscription of this year is to consist of 140,000 re-
} cruits, the same as last year. But this new levy is not
I to increase the existing army—that is positively declared
in the Emperor's speech—but only to keep up the army
to its old stacdard, by supplying the place of those who
, have completed their time, or are allowed to return to
their homes, previous to their legal service being finished.
The real army of France, then, is above a million of
i aneh, perfectly disciplined and warlike, and which it only
i Emperor
p eariosrc i
of
fl i
tnheed ,rreneh independent
could
do: s theps
es standing di
during g arms,tlio
ready to be called into activity at a moment's warning
whenever the Government thinks fit. The army which
I present time, is above a million of men. In the speech
I _requires a suifficiei.t command of money and the will of
--one man to bring into active employment. Bonaparte,
the first Emperor, never bad an army equal to it, even
-tehen he marched 700,000 men across Germany and Po-
.:land into the very heart of Russia. I ask once more
-then, how it happens that with the complete command
.ot the sea, an unlimited command of capital, and a million
eat' soldiers at the disposal of one of the allies, Sebastopol
:is not taken—how it happens that at the Battle of the
.Alma the English army of 27,000 was supported only by
:22,000 French—how at Inkernsan the English army had
•to contend against the most terrible odds—one against 7
. - —and that the only assistance afforded them was by
(FOOO French ? and how, in fine, at the present moment
o ur poor soldiers are so overtasked in defending their
b atteries, "that they aro dying by hundreds a-day, by
el: isease brought on principally
kby over fatigue and 'ex-
p )sure in the trenches, arising from the smallness of their
sr umber in proportion to the task assigned to them ?
As this must appear strange to those who place im-
p] icil reliance on the French alliance, and who believe
that. the French Emperoris as anxious to bring the war
leo a.. rapid conclusion as is the Government of this coon-
' ;rye and that he is as willing to make as great sacrifices
for that end, we have sent from Britain every soldier,
sailor, and ship, which we coul,d possibly command. We
le ave called out our militia, and we have even passed a
ibill for the enlistment of foreign soldiers. France, on
the other hand, has an army of 450,000 men under arms
-at leome' of which 100,000 are absolutely idle in camp
a'„ Boulogne, and she has only about 60,000 in the
Crimea,and 6(',000 in Algeria. 100,000, or even 50,000
of these home troops would have secured the conquest of
Sebastopol almost without a battle. At the battle of
Alma, 50,000 additional French troops would have
enabled the Allies, after the victory, to have marched
directly upon Sebastopol,' to have completely invested
:it, to have cut off the supplies, and to have forced it to
;surrender at discretion. And even after the battle of
the Alma, had a new French army been sent to the
'Crimea, for instance half the troops at the camp of Bou-
logne, during the time that the Emperor of Russia was
sending his reinforcements for the defence of Sebastopol,
ithe place would hare been taken by this time. And at
:present, if the French Emperor would only send
.50,000 men to co-operate with the Turks at
Eupatoria, and to march against Sebastopol from
the north, the place would not hold out for a mouth.
Sebastopol, I 'repeat, would have been taken long ago
had the French Emperor determined to take it, and will
be taken oily when Louis Napoleon has made up his
mind to take it ; that is to say, has Made up his mind
to send enfficient forces to take it. Without this
determinestion on the part of the French Emperor, all
our exertions with our regulars, our militia, and our
foreignlegion will bo absolutely useless. And as soon
as '.:his determination is come to by Louis Napoleon, a
sufficiency of French soldiers will be sent without our
requiring the slightest aid from Germany or Switzer-
land. The foreign enlistment bill has thus been utterly
useless in every point of view.

Sir Archibald Alison in a speech, and Sir Howard
Douglas hi a, pamphlet, have pointed out, as I have
done, that the attack on Sebastopol has failed altoge-
ther from the want of a sufficient number of men on the
part .of the assailants. Indeed this is evident to every
one, But those gentlemen—ultra-Tories both of them—
lia.ve thrown the whole blame of this upon the Govern-
ment of Lord Aberdeen. The Government should have
sent out more troops—the Whigs have allowed the mi-
litary establishments of the country to fall too low, &c.
Such are the reasons assigned by those two opponents
of the Government for the failure of the expedition.
But 'not the slightest censure is hinted against Louis
Na:poleon, who, even since his coup d'etat, by which
kid liberty has been put down in France, has been taken
under the special patronage of the Tories.

Now, though 'consider that the chief blame must be
attributed to the French Emperor, who had plenty of
troops at his command, and who did not send them, yet
our Administration must be regarded as in some degree
in fault in not having forced the French Emperor to
send to the Crimea the necessary forces. For instance,
last summer Ministers should hare decidedly said to the
French Emperor, " Send off, from your camp at Bou-
logne, at least 50,000 additional men, which are neces-
sary to insure the success of the expedition, or we shall
withdraw altogether from the alliance and give up the
war, and we shall inform Europe, and especially France,
of our reasons for so doing. England is quite willing to
pay her full share of the expense of those additional men
and will furnish the ships necessary for the transport.
But we cannot consent to exhaust all our means, and our
ally lie by and not do the same." Such should have
been the tone adopted by the Government of this coun-
try, and had Ministers acted in this way Louis Napo-
leon would not have dared to refuse to send the neces-
sary reinforcements ; for he knows well that public opi-
nion in France, especially the opinion of the army, would
have accused him of compromising the national honour ;
and this the French Emperor—despot as he is —could
not brave with impunity.
But Ministers have conducted themselves in a most
weak and vacillating manner towards Louis Napoleon.
They have allowed him to do just as he pleased. He has
completely outwitted them, and even the press of Eng-
land has played into his hands. While the most virulent
attacks have been made by the press against our Cabinet
—principally for not sending out more troops, when they
had no more to send, not the slightest comment by any
paper whatever has ever been advanced against the Em-
peror of the French. So that Louis Napoleon actually
imagines he may do just as he pleases with the English,
and that whatever he does the whole nation is ready to
appplaud.
About the period that the battle of the Alma was
fought, the French Emperor was amusing himself at
hill to
Boulogne commanding at sham-fights, delivered by the
great army assembled there. Every one recollecthsi
on one occasion 50,000 men marched up the
attack the town, where there they were encountered by
50,000 other troops, commanded by the Emperor in
person. Of course the assailantsas it i
w ersecalldeefdea.tedwaenud,
obliged to retreat, and Louis Napoleon covered himself
inthis
the verytit timeeguerr6 when our expedition to
thiswith tooklglory
y place at h
the Crimea was failing from the want of sufficient forces.
I was then at Paris myself, and I can vouch for this,
that in almost every French society where people could
converse without being overheard by the spies of the
police, the utmost ridicule was thrown upon the Em-
peror. Every one said, why are these men not sent out
to the Crimea to terminate at once the war by a decisive
victory ? Are our soldiers, at a crisis like the present,
to be kept at home to servo as toys and amusement to
Louis Napoleon ?

Such was the feeling in France at this time, and with
such a feeling existing in that country our Government
only required to make a sufficiently firm representation
to compel, in a manner, the Emperor to send to the
Crimea forces sufficient to have insured, before the com-
mencement of winter, the capture of Sebastopol. The
press of France, ever since the coup d'ctat, has been
muzzled, and, of course, no French paper dared to
speak out. The press of England, however, might have
done something. But instead of pointing out the im-
policy of retaining so large a force in France at such a
jucture, the limes, the Herald, the Chronicle, &c.—the
London journals are read very generally in Paris—could
hardly find words to express their admiration of Louis
Napoleon, and their columns were filled up with gor-
geous descriptions of the magnificent reviews and sham-
fights presided over by the Emperor.
The conduct and motives of Louis Napoleon,
in not having pushed, as he ought to have
done, the war in the Crimea, will require some
explanation, in order to be fully understood. Having
passed the last eight months in France—during the
whole time of the campaign in the Crimea—and having
conversed during this period with a number of intelli-

gent Frenchmen upon the subject—military men as
well as others—l think I shall be able to give you the
key to the conduct of the Emperor of the French, but
I must reserve this for another letter.—l am, &c.,

89, Heriot-row, Edinburgh, JAMES ATTOUN.
January 10, 1855.

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

OXFORD, JAN. 16.
The following arrangements have been made by agree.
ment between the authorities of New College and those
of Winchester School, relative to the examination and
admission of candidates desiring to be placed on the
foundation of the latter institution.

At the annual election in July an examination, differ-
ing in difficulty, for boys between 10 and 12 and boys
between 12 and 15 years of age, will be held at,Winches-
ter' for thepurpose of supplying the vacancies among the
scholars that may occur within the year following. The
first examination will be held in July next. Flt is not
recommended that boys who have not yet reached their
10th or have passed their 15th birthday should present
themselves as candidates. Candidates for admission as
founder's kinsmen will be examined with the other
candidates, and the two best will, if properly qualified, be
elected, and 'their names placed at the top of the roll for
admission. The names of all candidates must be sent in
to J. 1). Walford, Esq., College-street, Winchester, on
or before the Ist of June in each year, and with the
names must be sent the following papers :-1. A certifi-
cate of baptism, with the figures therein, if any, written
also in words by the attesting minister. 2. A cer-
tificate of character, specifying the length of time to
which it applies, from the schoolmaster or tutor under
whom the candidate has been last placed. 3. Adeclara•
tion, signed by one of the parents of the candidate, or,
if both parents be dead, by the person best qualified to
give the necessary evidence. Forms of the declaration
will be supplied on application to Mr. Walford.
The subjects of examination will be the following :-
1. Eiementary Religious Knowledge. '2. English Dicta-
tion. 3. Arithmetic (the younger class of boys in the
first four rules). 4. Latin Composition, verse and prose.
5. Construing and Parsing, in Greek and Latin. The
books for examination will be such as are usually read
in classical schools.. The grammars used are, "Gececce
Grammaticce Rudimenta, Oxford, Clarendon piess ;" and
King Edward Vl.'s Latin Grammar.
The principle on which candidates will be arranged on
the roll will be their proficiency as exhibited in the exa-
mination, their character, and the circumstances of their
families, as far as is made known to the electors.
CA.MBRIDGE, JAN. 16.
The following will be the subjects for the Previous
Examination in the last week of the Lent Term, 1856 :
" 1. The Gospel of St. Matthew.

" 2. Paley's Evidences.
" 3. The Old Testament History.
" 4. The Persa of lEschylus.

" 5. The first book of CiCero's Tosculan Disputations.
" G. The Eleinents of Euciid, books I. and 11., and
Arithmetic."

VOLUNTARY THEOLOGICAL EXAMINATION IN NEXT

MICHAELMAS TERM.
On Thursday, the 11th of October next, and the suc-
ceeding days, there will be an examination in the follow-
ing subjects :
" The Greek Testament :

"The Octavius of Minucius Felix, from chapter 32 to
the end ;
" Ecclesiastical History ;

"The Articles of Religion ; and

" The Liturgy of the Church of England ;"
which examination will be open to all students who have
at any time been admitted ad respondendunz qucestioni ;
or who can produce certificates from the Regius Professor
of Civil Law or his deputy of having performed the exer-
cises required for the degree of Bachelor of that faculty.
The names of those students who shall pass this exa-
mination to the satisfaction of the examiners will be
published in alphabetical order, and registered in the
usual manner.

Immediately after this examination there will be an
examination in the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew for
such students as, having undergone the former exami-
nation, shall offer themselves for this ; and the names of
the persons who, having passed the former, shall pass
this examination to the satisfaction of the examiners,
will be published also and registered in the manner
already described.
Persons desirous of presenting themselves at these
examinations must signify their intention of so doing on
or before the Ist of October next, by a letter addressed
to the Regius Professor of Divinity, the Margaret Pro-
fessor of Divinity, and the Norrisian Professor of
Divinity.

REFORM IN TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN.
DUBLIN, TUESDAY MORNING.

There will be the unusual number of 19 scholar-
ships open for competition at the ensuing Trinity
Term examination. Of these, according to the new
arrangement, four "non-foundation scholarships" may
by superior answering be obtained by Roman Ca-
tholics or Dissenters of any denomination. Had
this concession, trifling as it may appear, been made
tome half-dozen years earlier, it is probable that
the zealots of both parties in Ireland would have been
deprived of " a cry, ' and that a world of invective against
the "Godless Colleges" would have been lost to all gene-
rations, present and future. Nevertheless, it is equally
probable that, but for the establishment of the Queen's
Colleges, Alma Mater would not even at this late period
have dreamt of the relaxation of an old and iron-bound
statute, by which all who refused to subscribe to the 39
Articles were debarred from the petty advantages of a
scholarship, with its accompanying salary of 18/. per an-
num, chambers, and daily rations at 4 p.m.