The Sun.
London, England, 1855-03-05 00:00:00

LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, MARCH 5, 1855.

THE LATE EMPEROR OP RUSSIA.

( Prom the Times of this day.)

The part which the late Emperor of Russia has played
in the affairs of Europe was so considerable that the
sudden termination of his active life and his eventful
reign moat at any time have produced consequences of
the deepest interest to the world. The interest is in-
creased by Cie fact that the Emperor Nicholas dies at a
crisis of incalculable peril, when a war kindled by his
hand'is raging within a part of his own dominions, and
a league, including the three most powerful empires of
the world, withstands the policy of the Russian Govern•
ment. We shall therefore proceed 0 consider the poli-
tical effects of this extraordinary event—first on Russia,
secumily on the ether Powers et Europe, and thirdly on
the war.

The first question which every one has asked is, whe-
ther the succession to the throne of Russia is clear and
un lisputed ? whether one of these military or popular
convulsions is to be anticipated which hare so frequently
accompanied the transfer of sovereignty in Russia—or,
whether the Grand Duke Alexander has been allowed to
assume without opposition the Government of the em-
pire ? Our information, as far as it extends is favour-
able on all these points. We are told that the new
Emperor received the homage of his subjects on the very
day of his father's death, and we trust he may display
on the throne the same virtues and the same modera-
tion which have hitherto distinguished him in the circle
of his family. But his position is one of extraordinary
difficulty. The government of Russia has resided for
thirty years in the hands of one man ; the will of the
Emperor was ever on the alert to enforce obedience, to
crash opposition, to repress and punish abuses, and
to give motion to all the departments of the State.
These duties had been carried by Nicholas beyond
the limits of human strength and endurance in the
present contest, for he had to prepare for war on a'
scale of unexampled magnitude,. and to struggle
to rega,in his political position ea -Europe without
-the assistance of a single ally. The government of one
able man, armed with absolute power, may be highly
efficient for the purposes of war, when you have such a
man ; but what does it become without him ? Bleeders
may, indeed, be committed by the responsible Ministers
of a constitutional government, but in the long run that
form of government is far less exposed than despotic
government to the risks incidental to human life. By
the death of the'Emperor Nicholas the supreme govern-
ment of Russia is suddenly transferred to the hands of
an untried ruler, comparatively unknown to the people
and to the army. This Prince is believed to be attached
to the principles of the pacific and moderate party in
the State, and strongly opposed to the old Muscovite
party, whose violent counsels have led to this
war. But it is wholly uncertain whether the new
Emperor will have the courage or the power to act
upon these principles, or whether he may not be over-
powered by the fanaticism and the energy of the parti-
sans of the war, headed by his own brother, the Grand
Duke Constantine. Nicholas may have been able to
balance these oppoeite forces, and, indeed, that was the
great object of the internal policy of his reign; but who can
tell that his successor will have equal influence, or that
he will be permitted to acquire it ? Years must elapse
before he can obtain that astonishing ascendancy which
his father exercised over the insurgents of St. Petersburg
on the very day of his accession ; and in the meantime
the whole order of the State is put to a severe trial, the
army loses its head in the midst of great operations of
war, and the empire is deprived of. the mighty hand
which bad so long restrained the barbarism of its social
condition and compensated the weakness of its institu-
tions. The death of Nicholas is a greater blow to Russia
than the defeat of her armies, the destruction of her
fleets, and the invasion of her territory, for it may open
a new and very different era in the annals of that
empire.
- - -

Nor is its effect more likely to prove less remarkable
on the relations of Russia with the rest of Europe. The
Emperor Nicholas bad caused himself to be regarded
throughout a large portion of the Continent, but more
especially among the minor German States, as the cham-
pion of absolute authority, and the determined antago-
nist of liberal institutions. We have seen to what an
extent, even in the present contest, the influence he had
acquired at those Courts served to counterbalance every
generous impulse and every patriotic resolution. We
have seen how the Russian party at Berlin and elsewhere
clung with frantic allegiance to the idol they had sub-
stituted for the gods of their country, and sold their
honour and independence for the personal favour of
Nicholas. No doubt, the power he possessed of inspiring
those whe approached him with strong emotions, both of
attachment and fear, contributed largely to this species
of influence ; but he had raised it to the efficiency
of a political system, and he was more entirely
toaster of some of the Courts of Germany than those who
wear the baubles of Royalty with far less of the reality
of power. It is itnpossible to conceive prostration more
absolute and more hopeless than that of the miserable
beings who had based the political system in which they
lived on this foreign support. To them the news of the
death of the Emperor of Russia must have sounded
like the crack of doom. They cannot fall back on their
own abilities, for these they have prostituted to the ad-
versary and oppressor of their country. They cannot
invoke their past services, fur he wlimn they really
served will requite their efforts no more. Even the
King of Prussia, who has sacrificed so much of his
own dignity and impiirtance in Europe to his fatal
connection with Russia, will probably learn from this
event how feeble and how frail is any policy not based
on the interests and the desires of his own people.
That great and terrible figure which seemed to cast
its shadow from the north across the broad plains
and populous cities of Europe is laid low. That
policy which threw the whole weight of Russia into the
adverse scale wherever the progress of freedom and civi-
lisation could be opposed is shaken to its base, and what-
ever support the reactionary party in Europe derived
from the personal character of the Emperor Nicholas is
dissipated. The present war was alarm and aversion
by the sycophants of Russia, because they thought it
would lessen that influence which they hold to be essen-
tial to the cause of despotism : but the death of the
Czar is even more fatal to their hopes than the defeat of
his policy and the ruin of his armies.

Let us briefly apply these considerations to the pros-
pects of the war in which we are ourselves engaged. It
is indisputable that we have now t'a deal with an enemy
weakened at home and weakened abroad. The chief
cause of the war is removed in the person of the Czar,
and his successor on the throne is believed to be favour-
able to the restoration of peace. It is impossible that
a Prince who has barely ascended the throne can
exact the same sacrifices from his subjects, the same
obedience frein his officers, or the same confidence from
his adherents as a veteran Sovereign, who had wielded
the whole force of the empire for thirty years. The
reign upon which the young Czar is now entering may
indeed be beset with perils from which at least his
father was free —such as divisions in his family, disaffec-
tion among his subjects, and secret designs hostile to
the very existence of the Government. All these evils
are greatly aggravated by the state of war, and by the
extraordinary position in which the Russian empire now
stands. The alternative of negotiations upon a basis
already defined and ostensibly accepted, or of a campaign
carried on with redoubled energy in the Black Sea and
the Baltic, meets the new Sovereign at the moment of
his accession, and leaves him but a brief interval to de-
cide the fate of his reign. To carry on the war he will
need more than his father's energy, for even. his father
has perished in the effort. To make peace, on the
contrary, he occupies a position beyond comparison
more favourable than his predecessor. is identified
with none of the pretensions which Sled to this war ; he
is not bound to employ. the men who have promoted it ;
his pride is not pledged to the refusal of conditions ; his
honour is more concerned in the restoration of peace to
the empire than in the prolongation of hostilities. If
this contest is still to be carried on, depend upon it it
will lead to a convulsion in Europe, and, we may add,
in Russia, which no man will be the master of, and the
consequences of the war may shake the foundations of
that empire. On every account, therefore, we believe it
now to be the obvious and paramount interest, of Russia
to obtain peace, as she may obtain it, by promptly ac-
cepting those conditions which have already been framed
by the other Cabinets of Europe, and by giving those
guarantees which are now more than ever required to
protect the independence of the East.

[ADVERTISEMENT.] THE WAR IN TIIE EAST. POWERFUL
PATENT RECONNOITRING GLASSES.— Messrs. S. and B. Solo-
mons, opticians, 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly. Observe
opposite the York Hotel. By her Majesty's Roya.
Letters Patent for valuable and extraordinary improvements
in the most powerful and brilliant Telescopes, Camp, Race-
course, Opera, and Perspective Glasses, to know the distances
of objects viewed through them—of great importance to the
army, navy, and others. These telescopes possess such extra-
ordinary powers that some 3A inches, with an extra eye-
piece, will show distin ly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring,
and the double stars ; with the same telescope can be
seen a person's counteranco three miles and a half distant,
and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They are of larger and all
sizes, with increasing powers accordingly ; while their vary-
in-,6 from 4 to, 6 inch E !enable us to discover more than the
above, and the Georgian, with his 6 satellites, &c.—The Royal
Exhibition, 1851.—Valuable, newly-invented, very small,
powerful waistcoat-pocket glass,the size of a walnut, by which
a person can be seen and known 1 miles distant ; they answer
every purpose on the race-course, and at the opera houses,
country scenery, and ships are clearly seen at 8 to 10 mile's.
They are invaluable for shooting, doer-stalking, yachting, to
sportsmen, gentlemen, gamekeepers, and tourists. Opera,
race-course, camp, and perspective glasses, with wonderful
power.—Newly-constructed Spectacle Lenses of the great-
est transparent power. The valuable advantage derived
from this invention is, that vision becoming impaired is
preserved and strengthened, and very aged persons are
enabled to employ their sight at the most minute occu
pation—can see with these lenses of a much less magnify.
ing power—and they do not require the frequent changes
to the dangerous effects of further powerful assistance. Deaf-
ness—Now Discovery.—The Organic Vibrator, an extraordi-
nary powerful, small, newly-invented instrument for deafness,
entirely different from all others, to surpass anything of the
kind that has been, or probably ever can be, produced.
Being of the same colour as the skin, is not perceptible ; it
enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at church and at
andsensation affords
of
singing
ginnoisesassist-
] st -
in
nubtlhice aeassersmisbelinetsir;etlyhereumnpovleaedsrt
mice that possibly could be desired. 39, Albemarle-street,
Citurva—PPPQAite the YO.l 11(4{1-t

ROYAL VISIT TO THE CHATHAM
110SPITA.LS.

On Saturday morning her Majesty the Queen, accom-
panied by Prince Albert, the Duke of Cambridge, the
Prince'of Wales, and Prince Alfred, paid a visit to the
Fort Pitt and Brompton Hospitals at Chatham. The
object of the visit was to evince the sympathy of the
Royal family with those sick and wounded soldiers from
the army in the East who, having been sent home for
the benefit of their health, have been received into these
establishments. Everybody will respect the motives of
such a visit, and, indeed, they speak for themselves.
That when the heart of the whole nation has been wrung
with grief at the sufferings of our troops the Queen
should be foremost in the manifestation of her sorrow
and solicitude is only natural and becoming on her
part: nor should the public be indifferent to acts of
this 'kind, which for a moment at least shed the
lustre of Royal favour over the obscure valour of
the ranks, and help to make the humblest pri-
vate feel himself distinguished. The Royal visitors,
attended by the military authorities of Chatham and the
medical officers of the two hospitals, made the round of
all the wards except those containing fever cases. Her
Majesty addressed kind inquiries to many of the wound-
ed men, those who were well enough to be up receiving
her at the foot of their respective cots with cards in
their hands, specifying the nature of their wounds, and
in what action received. There is nothing in the details
of such a visit to dilate upon ; and when the fact that it
took place has been stated the chief interest of the oc-
currence itself is exhausted. In port Pitt Hospital
there are only 197 patients, and in that of Brompton
Barracks, which has been recently established, and is
supplemental to Fort Pitt, there are 164. In the two
places the number of men under treatment does not ex-
ceed 361, and the great majority of these are convales-
cents. Neither, therefore, in the size of theestablishinents
nor in the gravity of the cases, in iheielsreeent stage, do
these hospitals present much material for swelling out the
importance attached to a Royal visit. When, however,
you oonnect them with the eanitary state orour sairay
the East, and with the defective working of the Medical
Department there, it becomes a very different matter.
Tuen they do acquire a significance which is painfully
startling. It must have occurred to the Duke of Cam-
bridge, at least, on Saturday, as indeed a terrible and
overwhelming fact, that two small buildings, neither of
them constructed to serve the uses to which they are I
now applied, should be sufficient to hold within. their '
walls nearly all that has reached the English shores of
that mighty burden of human suffering which day by
day, week by week, and month by month has been
launched from the Crimea. What has become of it all,
and on what sad coast does it linger 1 Where are those
legions of stalwart men who in the pride and strength of
manhood left England only one short year ago ? Why,
those two hospitals hardly form an appreciable portion of
the space occupied in the same way on the banks of the
Bosphorus, and the number of men is less than have
been buried in a single week at Scutari. There were
500 patients received at Chatham from the army of
the East last month, and a few in December ; but
that is all, though the number embarked from the Crimea
cannot be under 15,000. It may be said that there are
numbers of convalescents at Malta, Corfu, and other
stations, and that the 361 men in hospital at Fort Pitt
and Brompton Barracks are not to be taken as evidence
of the small success which has attended the medical treat-
ment of the soldier in this campaign. Time, however,
will show what proportion of those who have been in-
valided will ever return to thou' duty, and in the mean-
while it must occur to those who have been in the East,
and have seen the state of our hospitals there, that we
ought to have a larger reversion of sickness at home than
the Queen and Royal family saw at Chatham on Satur-
day. If greater efforts had been made to relieve the
overcrowded wards and corridors at Scutari, by sending
all who could be moved home in some of the transport
steamers lying idle at Balaklava and in the Golden Horn,
hundreds of valuable lives might have been spared. And
that consideration alone would, no doubt, have amply
compensated to her Majesty the pain of a clearer
and fuller insight into the sufferings of her soldiers
than she could have obtained on Saturday. The hospi-
tals at Chatham give no more conception of those in the
East than does the waterfall on some contemptible
stream of that of Niagara. Yet the Queen and Royalty
of England were not above the due observance of sym-
pathies which the Ambassador of England, close to
scenes appealing overwhelmingly to the feelings, coolly
bands over to his wife. Passing, however, from that
reproach, and from the immediate subject of this visit,
it is worthy of notice that Fort Pitt is the only general
military hospital in the United Kingdom, with the ex-
ception of one at Dublin, capable of aesommodating 250
men, and of a still smaller one at Cork. These being
garrison towns have afforded an opportunity for depart-
ing from the strictly regimental system upon which the
internal economy and arrangements of the medical depart-
ment of the army have been founded; but tbe chances thus
afforded, few and small as they are, have been turned to
very poor account, owing to the niggardly and narrow-
minded way in which the affairs of the department have
been administered by an incompetent chief: Take Fort
Pitt as an example. It was critically. built as an Artil-
lery barrack, but for 30 years has been used as a general
hospital, and to it invalids were brought from the regi-
ments serving in India. For that purpose the accommo-
dation which it provided was found sufficient; but since
the commencement of this war it became requisite to
secure increased space, and, in consequence, a portion of
the Brompton barracks has been converted into a kind
of supplementary hospital. Thus it arises that, as at
Scutari, we have the general hospital and the barrack or
supplementary hospital, so at Chatham we have those at
Fort Pitt and Brompton ; and there is, besides, at St.
Mary's an invalid depot, to which men sufficiently: well to
dispense with strict medical treatment are sent. The Royal
party did not visit St. Mary's on Saturday, probably owing
to the threatening state of the weather; but its arrange-
ments are those of an ordinary barrack, and the building
itself was originally intended to serve as au ammuni-
tion magazine or store. It will be gathered from these
details that the British army has no single establish-
ment deserving of the name where the military surgeon
can acquire a complete view of the organisation requisite
when there is a departure from the purely regimental
system of the service to which he is accustomed. As
long as he is able to treat his sick in the regimental
hospital, which he can always do in peace times, he has
the necessary appliances and facilities tolerably within
his command ; but when the army takes the field that
is no longer possible, and then difficulties arise. He has
never himself given any consideration to the details
requisite for the efficiency of a
generalknows nothing about the best mode of securing c
good orderlies, wholesome
ng,w hregularityy
inn
diets, economy and cleanliness i
tilation, lighting, a suitable
clothing, and, above all, supply of hospital
an efficient purveyor's de-
partment. All these things come
pon him as overpow-
ering wants at the very moment when his physical and
mental powers are overtaxed by the number of his pa-
tients. What can he do ? He has never been taught to
consider it his business to do more than operate and
prescribe, and yet in the very
thick of these prefes-
sional duties ho finds his skill baffled and his labours
neutralised by bad kitchens,
careless orderlies, dirty
linen, an atmosphere deleterious to health, or a purvey-
ing establishment made up of clerks in the medical de-
partment who are utterly unfit for the work which they
had to perform. Here at least is some light thrown
upon what has recently been taking place in the East.
Rad Fort Pitt been a general military hospital worthy of
the name, it is difficult to suppose that the medical de-
partment of the army could have disclosed so many lament-
able defects as have come to light within the last fe w months.
That we have no suitable establishments in which to give
our military surgeons a proper insight into what the
exigencies of war may any day require them to know
and be prepared for may perhaps be ascribed to the par-
simonious spirit in which for many years the military
affairs of the nation have been administered ; but, un-
doubtedly, it was possible for an able Director-General
to have anticipated the difficulties thus arising. Un-
fortunately, Dr. Andrew Smith has fallen far short of
the occasion, and one can only lament that he bar not
yet retired from the bead of a department which he
has so discredited by his management. There is no-
thing in the internal arrangements of the Fort Pitt
sanderi Bromptonseriously
complained
and so farthe as
men
ht they
there appear
to be
appear
thoroughly well cared for. At the former there is a
Deputy Inspector-General as principal medical officer,
two first and two second class staff surgeons, one assist-
ant-surgeon, three acting assistant-surgeons, two pur-
veyors, and one acting apothecary. At the latter there
are one second class staff surgeon, one assistant-surgeon,
and three acting assistants. The wards are kept scrupu-
lously clean, are well ventilated, and appear tolerably
furnished ; but it would not be difficult
many defects which, without being of the slightest injury
to the inmates of the hospital, are still- of importance
when it is considered that there should be shown in actual
practice at least the outlines of a system such as could
be adopted in time of war. There seems no reason why
steps should not be taken to carry out at Fort Pitt all
those nice minutiaeof the French medical service, which
give such admirable precision and certainty to the action
of their field and general hospitals and to their arrange-
ments for the transport of sick. In this as in many
and it is to be hoped
other points
of
us ;
ofatnldie,iraTitlhiteayryarseysatedmeptthheigy areeur fdarrililn, ad-
vancewt
need not hesitate to copy them where they have the ad-
vantage. In the matter of hospitals their superiority
thatover
theu us has
visitbeenof her triki‘inigajlyiy sho
e nc in may, besides
gratifying the feelings of the invalids there, accelerate
those reforms of the medical department of the army,
which public opinion now loudly calls for.
strikingly
Chatham

NATURE AND HUMAN NATURE. By the Author of
"Sam Slick." 2 vols.—Sam Slick's numerous admirers
will hail with delight his reappearance in these volumes
in full vigour. The same caustic humour which has de-
lighted us for many years is poured out with equal pre-
fusion, and his abundant store of anecdote is drawn
upon with an ungrudging band to furnish us amusement.
Nature and Human Nature .will assuredly be read
with increased interest from the fact that Judge Hali-
burton announces this as the last occasion on which Sam
will charm and instruct us with his racy word-painting
of TranzatlAatic omits and §lietclT.

LORD CLARENDON AT BOULOGNE.

The following communication has been received
from Boulogne :

" The Emperor assembled at his hotel on Friday
evening the generals and the principal officers of the
camps of Equiben and Honvault. It so happened that
when he was thus surrounded by the chiefs of his army
of the north, an important despatch arrived, announcing
one of those events which malic an epoch in the history
of a people. Hardly had the Emperor broken the
seal than he exclaimed, Gentlemen, this is news in-
deed 1' At these worde, every person imagined that
they had reference to the taking of Sebastopol, or
some new victory won by the allied army. But
what was their astonishment at hearing his Majesty
pronounce these words—' The Emperor Nicholas died
this morning at ten o'clock, at St. Petersburg.' The
unexpected intelligence spread itself with the rapidity
of lightning through the whole t)wn. Having been
often deceived, the public scarcely would credit.the in-
telligence. However, the statement, emanating from
such a source, and confirmed as it was by the generals
and other superior officers present, was soon received
and considered as authentic.

" Many persons looked :upon this sudden and pre-
mature termination of the Emperor's career as a judg-
ment of Providence, which wished to strike the promoter
of as unjust war, he whose ambition had disturbed
Europe, and who had cast into mourning so many
thousand families. It is to be remarked that intelli-
gence of two of the most important events that have
occurred since the commencement of the war have
reached the Emperor during his short sojourn at Bou-
logne. The news of the celebrated victory of Alma was
announced to his Majesty on a fine summer's day with-
in a few feet of the column of the Grande Arme, from
whence the statue of the great modern captain seems
yet to watch over the glories of France, whilst
the intelligence of the sudden death of Nicholas
was announced to the chief of the State in the evening,
to the roar of the waves on a stage where so many
different events have occurred since the days of Caesar
down to those of Napoleon 111. During the
whole of Friday and Saturday nights the sea continued
to be agitated, and yesterday morning the bad state of
the weather did not prevent the Emperor from repairing
to the camp at Ambleteuse, in order to review tae
troops. His Majesty did not return from this fatiguing
6v^nrsion before one o'clock in the day. We are assured
that Ise waited for an hour the arrival of Lord Claren-
‘6la--..a- who was expected to have an interview with the
Emperor on the subject of the event of which we have
spoken above. The steamer, arrived at the appointed
hour, but without his lordship. The steamer, notwith-
standing a heavy sea and a contrary wind, brought over
more than one hundred passengers, amongst whom were
forty English ladies who had generously volunteered
their services to assist the wounded soldiers at Scutari.
As soon as these charitable ladies were disembarked
they were conducted with every demonstration of respect
to the Hotel des 'Lips, where Miss Nightingale and her
companions had previously been received.
"Immediately before three o'clock in the afternoon a
second steamer was signalled. It carried Lord Claren-
don, who had been .xpeeted at two o'clock. The English
Minister was received,,on, landing, by the aide-de-camp
of the Emperor, and was immediately conducted to the
Pavillion Hotel. About five o'c‘aek, Lord Cowley ar-
rived from Paris, without doubt with the view of con-
ferring with the Emperor and Lord Clarendon on the
subject of the grave incident which may change the aspect
of political affairs."

THE ARMY.-DIVISION ON LORD
GODERICH'S MOTION.

TOWNS WHOSE REPRESENTATIVES VOTED
FOR JUSTICE TO THE ARMY.
Aylesbury Glasgow Pontefract
Bath Greenock Preston
Birmingham Huddersfield Perth
Brighton Hull Rochdale
Bristol Halifax Reading
Blackburn Lambeth Sheffield
Bolton London Southwark
Berwick Leeds Stoke-upon-Trent
Cambridge Leicester Stafford
Coventry Leominster South Shields
Chester Manchester Sunderland
Carlisle Macclesfield Tynemouth
Devonport Marylebono Westminster
Derby Newcastle Walsall
Dundee Northampton Worcester
Edinburgh Norwich 'Wigan
Exeter Oldham Warrington
Finsbury Paisley Windsor

PEERS' SONS AND RELATIVES WHO VOTED
AGAINST JUSTICE TO TILE ARMY.
Lord Castlerosse Hon. C. A'Court
Lord It. Cecil Hon. F. Baring
Lord Chelsea Hon. H. Brand
Lord H. Chol►nondeley Hon. G. Cavendish
Lord Dalrymple Hon. IV. Cowper
Lord Ernlya Hon. 0. Duncombe
Lord Elwley Hon. J. E. Elliott
Lord Euston Hon. H. Fitzroy
Lord H. Grosvenor lion. Cul. Forester
Lord A. Hervoy Hon. C. Hardingo
Lord Hallam lion. S. Herbert
Lord A. Lennox Hon. W. Knox
Lord H. Lennox Hon. G. Liddell
Lord Lovaine Hon. Col. Pennant
Lord Mandeville Hon. W. Portman
Lord Mond& Hon. C. P. Villiers
Lord Palmerston Sir F. Baring, Bart.
Lord W. Paulett Sir George Grey, Bart.
Lord Seymour Sir J. Graham, Bart.
Lord Shelburne Mr. H. 8.. Baring
Lord Stafford Sir E. Daring, Bart.
Lord Stanley Sir E. Kerrison, Bart.
Lord Mulgrave Sir J. Walsh, Bart.

BLOCKADE OF THE POETS IN TER
BLACK SEA.

From a Supplement to the Gazette of Friday Night.)

FOREIGN-OFFICE, MARCH 3.

It is hereby notified that official information has been
received from Rear-Admiral Sir Edmund Lyons, G.C.8.,
commanding her Majesty's Naval Forces in the Black
Sea, dated her Majesty's ship Agamemnon, off Sebasto-
pol, Feb. 11, 1855, that from the Ist of Feb. last " the
mouth of the River Dniester, the ports of Akernaauu,
Ovi-
diopol, Odessa, all the ports situated between Ochakov
Point and Kinbours Point, including the'ports of Nicolaev
and Kherson, the Rivers Bong and Dnieper; also the ports
between Kinbourn Point and Cape Tarkan, including
the ports in the Gulf of Perekop, the port of Sebastopol,
the ports comprised between Cape Aia and the Strait of
Kertch, including those of Yalta, Aloushta, Soudak,
Naffs, or Theodosia. The Port of Kerteb, the Strait of
Kerteb, the entrance to and all the ports in the Sea of
Azov, including especially the Ports of Berdiansk,
Taganrog, and Arabat ; the River Don, and also the
Ports of Anapa and Soujak, were strictly blockaded by
a competent forco of the Allied Fleets of France and
England.

" That the Ports of Eupatoria, Streltzka, Katniesh,
Kazatcb, and Balaklava were, and are, and will remain
open and free from all blockade until further notice ; and
it is hereby further notified, that all measures authorised
by the law of nations, and the respective treaties be-
tween her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ire-
land and his Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the
French, and the different Neutral Powers, will be
adopted and executed with respect to all vessels which
may attempt to violate the said blockade."

MR. _BLOUNT "EXPLAINING HIMSELF."

On Saturday at the Bow-street Police court, a stout
woman, who introduced herself as Mrs. Blount, stated
that she had brought Mr. Blount to " explain himself."
The husband, after asserting his right to speak first,
assured his worship that Mrs. Blount, to whom he had
been married ten years, and was still passionately de-
voted, was labouring under the delusion that he was
about to forsake her and his dear children, and to cols:i-
n:lit the crime of bigamy. A neighbour had informed
her that the banns bad been twice up at St. Giles's
Church, and, to his astonishment, on going to the vestry
with his wife that morning, they had found the state-
ment perfectly true, although upon his honour he had
had nothing to (lo with it. The name of the lady, as it
appeared upon the books, was Mary Ann Stephens.
Mr. Henry—Do you know such a person ?
Mrs. Blount—Oh, yes, your :worship, and that's
where it is. I have had cause to suspect him before.
(A. laugh.)
The husband declared that this insinuation of his wife
was altogether unfounded. Miss Stephens was at pre
sent in great distress, and he had merely sympathised
with her out of common humanity.
Mr. Henry suggested that there might be another
person of the same wane as the husband, and. the occur-
rence might be merely a coincidence. The wife, smiling
at this suggestion, had no doubt in her own mind
that
the parties were the same, upon which his worship
reminded her of the fact that her husband could be in-
dicted if he married again.
The husband inquired if he couldn't have a summons
agains
• t some body—the parson, his clerk, or the person
who put up the banns— to show cause ? (Laughter.)
Mr. Henry said there was no ground for any pro-
ceedings before him, and, addressing the wife, told her
that she ought to be satisfied with the declaration of her
husband, that lie had nothing to do with the banns.
The Husband—She has no faith in me, your worship,
although I am a model husband. I love her, and 1
love my children, and I show her every farthing I earn.
I have a nice little business in Red Lion-street, Clerken-
well, as a greengrocer, and a little property besides—
everything to make me happy.
The wife said she wanted hint to swear to this before
, the magistrate, and now she was content.

The frabanCi and rife Ivit i4pparout amity,