The Sun.
London, England, 1855-05-10 00:00:00

No. 19,536.]

LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, MAY 10, 1855.

PUBLICATIONS.

TIIE EASTERN PAPERS.

guarantees against the dangers which menace Turkey on
the side of Russia. It is not enough to devise means
eventually to put an end to the conflict when it has
already broken out ; it is necessary to remove the possi-
bility of a conflict, since every conflict disturbs Europe.
The new Russian project, allowing the inequality of
forces in the Black Sea to remain, only assures Europe
with respect to the issue of the misunderstandings which
may arise. With the object of obviating the possibility
of this, France has proposed an engagement to ensure
respect for the territorial integrity of Turkey. This en-
gagement, to which Russia refuses its assent, was a gua-
rantee for the Sublime Porte more important than the
help which is prospectively offered to her ; for if the
Russian fleet is powerful, the forces to be opposed to it
will be even more considerable, and if it be weak, the
help it will be able to bring will not be effective.
Prince Gortschakoff states that '.,he counterpoise to the
Russian preponderance would be contained in the power
of the Sultan to call to his assistance foreign fleets,
and that the most solid guarantee fcr the territorial in-
tegrity and independence of Turkey is contained in its
admission into the European system ' • that, on the other
hand, the existence of a formidable Russian fleet in the
Black Sea is, in his eyes, a condition essential both to
the balance of power in Europe, and to the indepen
deuce of the Porte. However, be takes cognisance of
the opinion expressed by the Austrian Minister for Fo-
reign Affairs on the new Russian proposition, expressing
the hope that the plenipotentiaries of France and Great
Britain, whose instructions he much regretted to find did
not permit of their taking part in the discussion, will
submit it to their courts, and he does not doubt that the
Ottoman plenipotentiaries would too well appreciate
its importance and its advantages not immediately to
ask the Sublime Porte for instructions on this subject.
M. Drouyn de l'Huys agrees with Count Buol that the
Russian project is not a basis, and that it contains at
most an element, inasmuch as the principle of closing is
preferable to that of opening. Such as it is his instruc-
tions do not allow him to take part in the discussions,
neither will he consent to take it to Paris.
Baron Bourqueney states that the position is not modi-
fied by the new propositions, and wishes it to be under-
stood that the silence which they voluntarily impose
upon themselves should not be taken for adhesion.
M. de Titoff remarks that it appeared to be forgotten
that the third guarantee had for its object to put an end
to the maritime preponderance of Russia in the Black
Sea, strengthening at once the independence and the
power of self-government of the Porte. This double ob-
ject seems to him better secured by the Russian project
than by the principle of limitation maintained by the
opposite party, so that Russia, if she had the ambitious
plans which are imputed to her, would even have reason
to prefer a certain limitation, resulting practically from
the state of things, to a combination which opens the
Black Sea to foreign fleets as soon as the Sublime Porte
should consider herself menaced.
The plenipotentiaries of Austria having said that it
was for that reason that they would have wished to see
adopted the plan of a direct understanding to be arrived
at in the conferences between the sea-bordering powers,
on the reciprocal limitation of their naval forces. Prince
Gortschakoff declares that it is one thing to appreciate
the practical value of a direct understanding respecting
a reciprocal limitation, as M. de Titoff was the first to
do, but another to force upon Russia this limitation by
means of a negotiation in the conference—a course which
appears to him impracticable, and which the Ottoman
plenipotentiaries have moreover declined.
M. Drouyn de l'Huys lays claim to having originated
the plan of a direct understanding, adding, that Aali
Pacha had not objected to the form in which he himself
had proposed it, but that he was only opposed to an un-
derstanding being come to out of the conference, as con-
tra ry to the reciprocal engagements contracted by the
allies

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The papers relating to the Conference at Vienna
on the Eastern question have been presented to
Parliament. From their great length we cannot
find room for the whole. The following is a trans-
lation of the final Protocol (No. 14). It relates
to the proceedings at Vienna on the 26th ult. :

(Translation.)
Present :

For Austria.—Count Buol-Schauenstein and Baron
Prokesch-Osten.

For France.—M. Drouyn de l'lluys and Baron de
Bourquency.
For Great Britain.—The Earl of Westmoreland.
For Russia.—Prince Gortschakoff and M. de Titoff.
For Turkey.—Aaß Pacha and Ariff Effendi.
Count Buol opens the meeting by saying that he in-
vited the members of the Conference to assemble at the
request of the Russian plenipotentiaries, who declared
that they have communicAtions to make.
Prince Gortschakoff wishes to establish the fact that it
was the Russian plenipotentiaries who, in the twelfth
Conference, recorded in the proctocol the last proposi-
tion tending to the solution of the third principle, and
that it is again they who now submit new plans with
the same object.
Before developing them, he thinks it his duty to recur
to an assertion of the French Minister for Foreign
Affairs, recorded in the twelfth proctocol, stating " that
Russia is unwilling to give the Ottoman empire any sort
of guarantee, and that as for the one contained in Art. 1,
and adopted in the eleventh Conference, Russia reduces
it to a mere chimera, since even in case a Turkish pro-
vince were invaded by one of the contracting powers
Russia, according to the interpretation of Prince Gorts-
ehakelfrwil/oetafinerhirrseif-te -the exercise of her good

offices."

He remarked that the Russian plenipotentiaries have,
in common with the other members of the Conference,
sanctioned the principle of making the Sublime Porte
participate in the advantages of the European concert,
and of placing her under the safeguard of the public law
of Europe. And, lastly, they have engaged, in the
name of their court, to respect the independence and
territorial integrity of the Ottoman empire. Can these
engagements be characterised as chimeras? One of the
reasons for which he declined an active territorial gua-
rantee of the Ottoman Empire arises from the difficulty
of precisely defining its limits. The territorial guarantee
once stipulated would it not be necessary to extend it to
the most distant points, as, for instance, Tunis and
Aden, and to make any attack directed against either
of those territories by one of the contracting powers a
casus belli ? He declines giving so extended a mean-
ing to the engagement he takes, on the plea that
the blood of Russia belongs to Russia alone. This
does not mean, however, that Russia will confine
herself exclusively to good offices. The independ-
ence of the Sublime Porte is not only the interest of
Europe, but also that of Russia. If it were menaced
Russia would not be the last to defend it, but she re-
serves to herself the right of judging when the case oc-
curs, whether or not it be necessary to employ her ma-
terial resources.
Adverting to the special object of to-day's conference,
he states that the plan proposed by the Russian plenipo-
tentiary had for its object not only to resolve the diffi-
culties of the-present, but also to surround the indepen-
dence of the Porte with guarantees for the future ; ho w-
ever, that as this plan had been declined, especially on
account of its resting on a principle contrary to a sove-
reign right of the Porte, the maintenance of which she
deems necessary for her independence, he sought the so-
lution on a different plan. He reeds the articles 1 and
2, of which copy is hereto annexed, the one giving a new
confirmation to the principle of closing the Straits ; the
other, leaving the Sublime Porte herself supreme judge
of the cases in which the interest of her security would
require exceptions to that principle, and in which she
should deem it requisite to summon, according to cir-
cumstances, either the fleets of the Western Powers, or
that of Russia.
In answer to Prince Gortschakoff, M. Drouyn de
l'Huys maintains the words quoted by the former. He
again states, that France engages to respect not only
the independence and territorial integrity of the Otto-
man empire, but also to enforce their observance ;
whereas Russia declines contracting This second engage-
ment. As for the Regency of Tunis, to which Prince
Gortschakoff has alluded, he, for his own part, finds no
difficulty in extending to that country the engagement
to which he is ready to subseribe.
With reference to the new propositions of the Russian
plenipotentiaries, he has already declared in the last
Conference that his instructions were exhausted, since
Russia had rejected the limitation in every form what-
soever. He applies the same declaration to the present
propositions. With this reserve, he observed that these
propositions tend so little to the cessation of Russian
preponderance in the Black Sea, that they even provide
for the contingency of the preponderating fleet becom-
ing hostile.
Baron Bourqueney entirely concurred, in every point,
in the opinion of M. Drouyn de l'lluys.
Lord Westmoreland recurs to the declaration made
by Lord J. Russell in the last Conference, to the effect
that the instructions of the plenipotentiaries of Great
Britain were exhausted.
With regard to the establishment of Aden, of which
mention had been made, he states that his Government
has in no way violated their treaties with the Sublime
Porte concerning it.
Prince Gortschakoff answered, that in speaking of
Aden, he had no intention of making recrimination with
regard to the past, but only to instance a hypothetical
case, calculated to show the extreme consequences to
which the territorial guarantee of the Ottoman Empire
would, in certain cases, lead.
M. de Titoff adds to the statement of his colleague the
expression of his hope that the Confererce will acknow-
ledge that the obstacles to an understanding do not ema-
nate from the plenipotentiaries of Russia, who, far from
confining themselves to any exclusive system, now pro-
pose a plan on a new basis, while the plenipotentiaries of
France and Great Britain declare that their instructions
are exhausted.
Aali Pacha and Aariff Effendi state that their instruc-
tions neither admit of their giving their adhesion to the
propositions of the Russian plenipotentiaries, nor of
their giving an opinion in this matter, and that they find
themselves in precisely the same situation as the pleni-
potentiaries of the allied powers.
Count Buol addresses hinself to the new Russian pro-
posal. He sees with satisfaction that in Article 1 the
principle of closing had been substituted for that of
epening, which had previously been proposed. He thinks
Article 2, which reserves for the Sultan the power of
eventually calling to his assistance foreign fleets, and of
opening the Straits as an exception, is susceptible of a
practical application. The proposition appears to him
to admit of discus ion ; it contains elements of which
Austria, will endeavour to avail herself for an under-
standing ; but in the rough state in which it still is he
cannot consider it as a solution, nor even as a basis for
solution.
Baron Prokesch says that since there is a disparity
in the respective positions of the powers, it will be
difficult to carry out the principle of reciprocity on
which Article 2 is based. Nobody will suspect
Austria of wishing to impair the independence or
the territorial integrity of Turkey. When the ma-
ritime powers, in concert with Russia, agreed to
the emancipation of Greece, they derived no territorial
aggrandisement from it. On the other hand, Russia, in
a series of wars with the Ottoman empire during a cen-
tury, deprived her of province after province. The course
pursued by her in 1853 was Aged by the powers who
signed the protocols as pregsant with imminent danger
to the Sublime Porte and to Europe. Against these
dangers they are at present endeavouring to provide.
Their respective positions not being equal, it is not for
Russia to seek guarantees ; she is not in want of them,
either for herself, for she finds them in her own power,
or for the Sublime Porte, who does not require any on
her side ; but it is right that the allied powers should
ask Russia for guarantees in the interest of the Porte,
and against the recurrence of the dangers which have
been the cause of such serious disturbance and of such
enormous sacrifice to Europe.
In a practical point'of view, he thinks that the Rus-
siaw fleet, in order eventually to give effectual assistance
to the Sublime Porte, must possess considerable strength.
Article 2 would, therefore, tend to perpetuate a danger
which it is our object to put an end to.
Prince Gortschakoff, in answer to the Austrian pleni-
potentiaries, states that the project now proposed is more
than a mere sketch, that it is equivalent to areal basis;
that this project does not merely tend to the solution of
the present complication, but it also contains provisions
for the future, and that its execution will put an end to
Russian preponderance in the Black Sea, while surround-
ing the existence of Turkey with new guarantees. Art. 2
does not absolutely require reciprocity ; it acknowledges
the independence of the Sublime Porte in constituting
her sole judge of the dangers which could threaten her,
and in leaving to her the most entire liberty of choice re-
garding
those whom she would wish to call upon in order
to remove these dangers. The power reserved for the
Sultan of calling in the help of Russia, if he should think
proper, does not necessitate a priori her keeping a pre-
ponderating naval force in the Black Sea. Moreover,
the plenipotentiaries of Russia, in proposing, in the first
instance, the " mare apertum," and afterwards the
" mare clausum," think that they have furnished irre-
fragable proof of their sincere desire to facilitate a gene-
ral understanding.
Count Boo! observes, that when lie attached to the
Russian project no other value than that of a sketch, he
was actuated by the consideration that this project pro-
poses only the means of putting an end to the naval pre-
ponderance of Russia when it should already have
reached the proportions of an intolerable danger, but
tends in no way to make it cease in a permanent man-
ner and in the ordinary state of things.
Prince Gortschakoff answers, that combined as it was
with the principles to which he subscribed, and which
tend to place the Sublime Porte under the protection of
the public law of Europe, and to respect its indepen-
dence and its territ, rial integrity, hs project seems to
him to pls:,,ess the value of a complete work.
M. Drouyn de l'Huys states that the solution which
France would wish to see effected would have been cal-
culated to obviate the danger, from whatever side it
. might arise. At present the only question is, to peek
__.

Prince Gortschakoff recalls to mind that M. de Titoff
,had, on his part, adverted to the difference existing be-
tween discussing and definitively concluding.
Aali Pacha states his opinion that the third point
having been adopted in common, the basis of the ar-
rangement which is to bring about its solution could in
the same manner not be settled except in common and
,in the conference; that direct negotiations with the Rus-
sian plenipotentiaries on the subject of this point would
;be contrary to the reciprocal engagements contracted
,between the allied powers ; and that it is only with re-
ference to the details that recourse might be had to the
mode here proposed.
M. Drouyn de l'Huys states that his plan embraces
the three essential points of view : Ist, to embody the
guarantee of the allies in the general treaty ; 2d, to give
to this guarantee the form of a distinct understanding
between the sea-bordering powers ; and lastly, to pre-
vent any of the allies from entering into a separate ar-
rangement.
Count Buol baying in conclusion taken cognisance of
the two principles contained in the proposed articles,
Prince Gortschakoff remarks that it must not be for-
gotten that these two principles were intimately con-
nected with the adoption of the whole plan which he
proposed.
Baron Prokesch having recurred to the question as to
the sense to be attached to the guarantee granted by the
contracting powers to the Sublime Porte, M. Drouyn
de l'Huys states that he has already pointed out the
want of solidity in the guarantees offered by Russia on
her part to the Ottoman empire. If its integrity be vio—
lated on land, Russia does not engage to defend it, but
only to interpose her good offices ; if it be attacked by
sea, Russia holds out the eventual assistance of her
fleet by requesting that it be allowed to enter the Medi-
terranean.

Prince Gortschakoff having answered that since it is
the interest of Russia to defend the independence of the
Porte, the explicit engagement is unnecessary, M.
Drouyn de I'Huys remarks that it was not a question of
interests emanating from geographical position, but of
positive stipulations.
Aali Pacha maintains that in the terms of the engage-
ment to be taken, all misunderstanding between the
Sublime Porte and one of the contracting powers should
be considered as a question of European interest ; that,
consequently, the circumstances under which the com-
mon guarantee might entail war, could not be imminent.
Prince Gortschakoff having expressed the hope that
the ideas set forth by the plenipotentiaries of Russia
would be taken into serious consideration, the plenipo-
tentiaries of France, Great Britain, and Turkey declare
that they can only persist in their original declaration.
Count Buol resumes by reiterating the opinions pro-
flounced by him ; adds that the project developed by the
Minister for Foreign Affairs of France and declined by the
plenipotentiaries of Russia, contained a complete and effi-
cacious system ; that he could not say as much of the pro-
positions put forward this day • that Russia in attaching
to the mutual guarantee the value only of an engagement
not to encroach on the independence and territorial in-
tegrity of the Ottoman Empire, reduces it, in fact, to an
obligation which may be said to be self-evident ; that the
arrangement proposed to act as an application of the
principle of the cessation of Russian preponderance of
the Black Sea, limits itself to the power reserved to the
Sultan of calling foreign fleets to his aid whenever the
preponderance of the Russian fleet should become
threatening to him, which, in fact, would only tend to
augment the chances of a misunderstanding ; that, to
sum up, the Russian propositions could only be con-
sidered as including principles of a nature to be intro-
duced into a general and complete system.
M. Drouyn de l'Huys concurs in every respect with
the language of Count Buol.
The Ottoman plenipotentiaries concur on their part.
At the moment of closing the meeting, Prince Gort-
schakoff declares that the plenipotentiaries of Russia have
amply redeemed their word by proposing several plans
of solution.
(Signed)
BUOL-SCHAUENSTEIN.
GORTSCHAKOFF. PROKESCII-OSTEN.
TITOFF. DROUYN DE L'HUYS.
BO URQUENEY.
WESTMORLAND.
AALI.
AARIF.

Inelosure in No. 14.
Annex to Protocol No. 13.
(Translation.)
Article 1. The principle of the closing of the Straits
of the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles in time of peace,
sanctioned by the ancient legislation of the Sublime
Porte, and by the treaty of July 1-13, 1841, remains in
full force.
Article 2. His Highness the Sultan reserves to himself
the power to open, by way of temporary exception, the
Straits of the Dardanelles and of the Bosphorus, to the
fleets of foreign powers which the Sublime Porte should
think it necessary to summon whenever she should think
her security menaced.

COURT OF LIEUTENANCY. —The Lord Mayor held a
court on Monday for the purpose of congratulating the
Emperorassassin.
oninu
thi
oi his escap f
was e
moved r from the hand of
by Mr.
Josiahan
Wilson, seconded by Sir G. Carroll, carried unani-
mously, and ordered to be presented to the French am-
bassador by the Lind Mayor and a deputation. Colonel
Wilson stated that reports were coming in very fast that
many of those who had refused Lord Panmure's offer
in the first instance had altered their Opinion, and were
rejoining the regiment, which he expected would soon
complete its full complement of men ; and that, with a
few exceptions, they were conducting themselves in fa
very orderly and attentive manner. Several applications
fcr commissions were referred to the head-quarters' corr.
n iLtee. In answer to Mr. Kennard, Colonel Wilson said
that, as s )on as the recruits were perfect in their drill,
applieat'on would be made, for more officers.
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surgeon of the district to see to the landing and removal
I. of these poor fellows.

The Falcon, 15, screw-sloop, Commander Pullen,
which was despatched last week to the relief of the wind-
bound merchantmen in the Channel, returned to Spit-
head yesterday. The Magnet, steam mortar-vessel, was
undocked at Portsmouth yesterday, and will be rigged
and armed without delay, for service in the fleet. The
'new steam gun-boats, Cracker, Clincher, Fancy, and
Boxer arrived at Spithead yesterday from Sheerness, to
await sailing orders for the Black Sea fleet. Several of
the ships' crews at Portsmouth were paid wages yester-
day.
A detachment of the 94th Regiment arrived at Alder-
shott Camp on Tuesday evening, to be there stationed in
charge to guard against fire, &c.
The sailing transport Panola, No. 71, 170 days from
Constantinople, arrived in Plymouth Sound yesterday
morning.

A riot of rather a serious character took place on Sun-
day evening at Stonehouse and the west of Plymouth
between the Royal Marines and the 2d Royal Cheshire
Militia, originating in disputes at the beer-houses in the
towns. The Militia were drawn up in martial array to
the number of 200, and the Marines to about 100, when
a fight took place which lasted some time. The Marines
were then reinforced, and during the progress of the
affray the combatants on both sides received serious cuts
and contusions. It was necessary to employ a picket
of soldiers from the garrison to quell this disturbance.
A court of inquiry has been assembled to discover the
origin of these disgraceful proceedings.
Yesterday the new screw steam-transport Resolute,
built by Mr. John Laird, went into the Mersey. She
is to sail this morning with 140 Sappers and Miners for
Kingstown, where she will embark 126 horses and have
eight spare stalls. She then sails direct for Balaklava.
The following steam transports are being fitted out at
Liverpool for the conveyance of horses :—The Armenian,
82 ; the Dodo, 104 ' • the Kangaroo, 158 ; and the As-
sistance 154. The Oneida steam-ship, now being fitted
up at Greenock, will shortly arrive at Liverpool. Last
night 22 naval volunteers left Liverpool for London.

The Royal Mail Company's steam-ship Medway, Capt.
Woolward, left Southampton yesterday with an entire
field battery of Royal Artillery, direct for Balaklava.
Thirteen medical gentlemen connected with the Turkish
Contingent have sailed in the Medway, and will be
landed at Constantinople.
The sailing transport Great Tasmania, five days from•
Portsmouth, with a detachment of 1,000 men, under
command of Lord Alexander Russell, put into Plymouth
Sound yesterday afternoon in consequence of the appear-
ance of one case of smallpox among the Connaught
Rangers.
It is intended to increase the land transport corps by
10 troops of 100 drivers each, 10 captains, 10 sub-
officers, 10 superintendents, 20 conductors, and 10 quar-
termasters, making a total, including officers, of 1,060
men.

Captain M. Adye's company Royal Artillery, under
the command of Captain Milward, has received orders
to proceed to Woolwich on Friday next to embark for
the Crimea.

The Earl of Cirdigan, who left London by the express
for Edinburgh on Monday morning, inspected the Ist
(King's) Dragoon Guards, now stationed at Piershill
Barracks, and under orders to prepare for embarkation
for the seat of war, in the Queen's-park, Holyrood,
on Tuesday. The noble lord also inspected, at Piers-
hill, a draught of the Scots Greys, under orders to
join the service companies of that distinguished corps
in the Crimea. A squadron of the King's Own rejoined
head-quarters on Monday from Hamilton, to be inspected
with the regiment: The King's Own have of late been
augmented to about the full strength, and are a splendid
and effective regiment.
The 80th Regiment (Staffordshire Volunteers) are leav-
ing Fort George for the south, prior to embarkation on
foreign service. The first division embarked on Monday
morning for Granton Pier, and on Tuesday passed through
Edinburgh on the way to Carlisle. The second division
were to leave Fort George to-day, and the third, with
head-quarters, on Saturday.