The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1818-11-26 00:00:00

of Prossis, and of Russia. did him the honour
of addressing to him on the 4th of this month, by
order of their august Sovereigns. He hastened to
make it known to the King his master. His Ms.
jesty has received. with real satisfaction this stew
proof of the confidence and friendship of the Save-
reigoe who hove taken part in the deliberations at
Am.'s-Chapelle. The justice which they render
to his constant cares for the happiness of France,
and shove all to the loyalty of his people, has deep-
ly touched his been. Looking bark to the past,
unit observing that at Ito other iseciad, no other
mafiosi has been able to fulfil with is more scrupu-
lous fidelity, engagements such us France had con-
tracted. the King has felt that it •was indebted for
thie new kind of glory to the influence of the in-
etitutions which governs it ; and he sees with joy,
that the consolidation of these institutions is con-
sidered by his august Allies to be no less ralran-
tageous to the repose of Europe, than essential
to the prosperity of France. Considering that
the filet of his duties is to endeavour to perpetuate
and augment. by all the. means in his power. the
!meats which the complete re-establishment of
general peace promises to sill nations; persuaded
that Hie intimate union of governments is the surest
pledge of its duration; ohd that France, which
could oot remain a stringer to a system, the whole
force of which must spring from a perfect unani-
mity of principle and action, will join the anemia-
tion with her characteristic lowliness; and that lwr
concurrence must add strength to the well-fouuded
finite of the happy results which such an alliance
intuit produce far the benefit of makitid. hula
Most Christian Majesty most readily assents to
the proposal made -to him of uniting his councils
and his efforts with those of their Majesties the
Emperor of Austria. the King of Great Britain,
the King of Prussia, and the Emperor of All
the R 11.6161., for the purpose of accomplishing
the salutary work whirls they It ire in .view. fle
has, therefore, authorised the undersigned to take
part in all the deliberations of their Ministers and
Plenipotentieties, fur the object of consolidatiog
the peace, of securing the maintenance of the
Treaties on which it rests, and of guaranteeing the
minus' rights and relatious established by these
same Treaties. and recognized by ail the States of
Europe.
" The undersigned, while he begs their Earel-
leascies hi here the goodness to transmit to their
august Soiereigns the expression of the inteAtious
and sentiments of the King his enlister, has the
honour of offering theta the assurance of his highest
consideratiosi.
u MA-la-Chapelle, Nov. IZ, ISIS.
(Signed) " RICHELIEU."

tI . _

•••••••m.

1110110 At AIXLA-CII:IFEI.I.E ON THE 15111 NOV.
1810, 10 THE FLENIFOTENTIANivs of THE
COURTS OF AUMTRIA, FRANCE, GREAT DRITAiN,
PRUSIIA-, AND RUStIA.
" The Miiii•tera of Aosttie, France, Crest Mi-
lan,. jitistaist„loPtitelasiaisoqm,vtuce of the
exchange of the ratkliegtiOnlfftlflie
.Ceporention
signed on the !Alt of Oetober,.. vatotifor.to the erica-
'bon of the Fiench territory 4 the foreign troops,
end after having addressed to elkli Wither the Noses,
of which copies are sabjoitiett, lune assembled in
emsference, to take into consideration the relations
trfitch ought. to be established, in the existiiiv state
of things, between France and the co••ubscrihing
Powers of the Treaty of Peace of the .20th of No-
vember, 1815—relations winch. by sei:uring to
France the place that belongs to brr in the system
of Europe, will bind her more closely to the paicilic
and benevolent views in winch ill the Sovereigns
participate, and will thus contiolidate the general
" After having Maturely investigated the conser-
vative piniciples of.the great intere.ts which coon•ti-
tote the order of things established, under the au-
spices of Divine Providence, in Europe, by the
Treaty of Paris of the 30th of May, 1814, the 'vets
of Vienna, nod the-Treaty of Peace of the year
1813, the Courts subycribing the ;present act du,
cousequetice, unanimously acktiowledge and de-
clare—
u 1. That they are Gently resolved never to depart, neithrr
in their mutual relations, nor in those which einniect them
with other States, (ruin the principles of intimate union
which bas bitheito &dile,' over all their cuttine.ii relations
cud luterests—s rendered more strong and luilissolo.
hls by the bonds of Christian frateruity which the Sovereigns
have formed among themselves.
" R. That this 'mime, which is the more real and 'hirable,
inausech ash Stimuli. ins nu separate interest ur temporary
embivation, can only have for its object the msiutrnanec
Or geutral peace, founded one a respect for the en.
pigments contained is she Treaties, and fur the whole of
ibc rights resulting therefrom. •
" 3. That Femme, associated with other . Powers by the

►estoration of the kgitinsote Mosiarchiral and Coil. itaiional
Poser; engages. henceforth so t4.oCtir in the maintenance
mid eousulidation of a system-a loch has gives pines to
Europe, mud assisted its duration.
" 4.-That ify for the better Attaining the shove declared
nhject, the Puwefii *bids have costarred in the pretreat
act, should judge it necessary to establish particular merl-
ins. either of the Sovereigns themselves, nr of their reaper-
ties Ministers and Pleniretentiarieti, to treat imatuainsion
their proper intcreal, is so far as they have reference Ite
object of their present di liberations, the lime and place of
three meetings 1.1.411, on each occasion, be previously
Axed, ►y Walls of diplomatic communications ; and that iii
the case of these meet having fur their ',Neel

so pi
specially connected with the intervals of the w.ter Stasis of
Europe, they •Ball only take place in consequence an for-
mal writ:isms no the part of such of those Stales as the
said all'airs may concern, sal tinder the express rew•rvat'
of their right of direct participation llivrein, either directly
Of by their Men ipolcutilrit
" S. That the Resolutions contained in the present set
shall ho made known to sll the Comm of Locum-, by the
subjuiliesl Declaration, which shall be considered as pane-
tiunesl by the Protocol, and forming part thereof.
" Dune in quintuple, soil reciprocally exchanged i■ the
original, by Ilse subiscribiug Cabinets.
"Aix-la-Chapelle, lour. 15, IPIS.
(higned) " JDETTERNICH. II A R DENRERG
" RICHELIEU. BER NSTOR Fr.
" CANTLERF.ACH. HESSEIRODE„

" WELLINUIVN. CAIN) 111811t1A."
DECLARATION. •
" Now diet the paelliention of Europe is rercori-
'dished, by tile resolution of wit hil sow ng the foreign
troops fruit* the Freuelt Cerrito ; wool how that
there is so roil of those measurer of prressottoi
qt hick tlevlttritMe events lostl rendered otreessaty, the
Moisten KO f'leutputeutiant•s al their Majtstirs
the •Etatirror of Au►tria, the King of France, the.
King of Greet. Britain, the King of Prureis, and

~~ '~'\`+

S.'

the Emperor of All the Rob,iar, have received of de: c
from their Soverrikno to mace known to all the
Court. or Europe the resuhs of their meeting tit
Aix-la-Chapelle, and with that lie* to publish the
following Declaration

" The Convention of the 911 i of October, which
definitively regulated the execution of the engage-
ments moron! to in the Treaty of Pe:ice of Novem-
lwr. 20, 1515, is considered by the Sovereigns who
concurred therein as the accomplishment of the
work of peace. mud as the conitArtion of the poli-
tics, system destined to ensure its solidity.
" The intimate union estali_sari.i: I I among the
Monarchs, who are joint potties to this systein, by
their own prinriniles, no less than by the interests of
their people, offers to Europe the most sacred pledge
of its future trampiillsty.
" The object of this union is ns simple as it is
pest and salutary. It does mit tend to any new
political c bitiation—to any change in the relations
canctiotted by existing Treaties. Cahn and consist-
ent in its proceedings, it has tin oilier object than the
ussintensisce of !wave, and the security of those
transactions on which the peace was founded and
consolidates!.

"The Sovereigns, in firming this stouts. union,
have regarded as its fomfamentol hnsiii, their inva-
riable resolution never to dells'', tidier any-mg them-
selves or in their rektiotts with taller Slater, from
the strictest observation of the principles of the
right of nations; plinciples which, in their applica-
tion to a state of itermaitent peace, van alone effec-
tually gnaraistiie the indepeiedence of each Govern-
ment, and the stability of the general association.

" Faithful to these principles, the Sovereigns
will maintain them equally in those meetings at
which they may he personally present, or in those
which shall take place among their Ministers ; whe-
ther it shall be their object ►o discuss iu comlnon
their own interests, or whether they take cogilizmu•e
of questions in which other Governments shell f ,r-
-malls claim their interference. The .ame spirit
which will direct their councils, and reign in their
diplomatic communications. shall preside shin at
these meetings ; and the repose of the world shall be
constantly their motive and their end,
" It is with such reotiments that the Sovereigns
have consummated the work to which they were
called. They will not cease to labour for its confir-
mation end perfection. They solemnly acknow-
ledge, that their ditties towards God and the people
•whom they gOverii, make it peremptory on them
to give_ to the world, as far us in their power, air
example of justice, of concord, of moderation;
Inippy in the power of consecritime. from hence-
food', ull their efforts to the protection of the acts'
of peace. to the increase of the• tater:il prosperity
of their States, and to the awakening of those
sentiments of religion and morality, whose empire,
hiss been too much enfeebled by the Ntisfortime of
the times.

" N0r.15,
(Squeal) Mir rEnNICII. lIARDENBERU.
" ItiCH ELIEU. 6EItNISPOItFF.
" CASTUI4USAGII. NEgBBI.ROUIt•
" %%ELLINGTON. CAPO itirrniA."
This document bears the signature of M. Ceutz,
the Secretary to the Conyers.

AMERICA.

NEW Tonic, OCTOBER 28.
Treasury Department. October 1, 1818.
• Ssrt-1 have the honour to state, tind orders have been
issued fur the repayment of the shy') mid iliscriminatinz
doilies which were levied uproot Brutish. merchandise Ind
lonnsitv in the ports of the 1171sitttl Simla., between the 3d
day of July, 1813 iNclukive, and the 18th day of August of
the sane year. . 1 son, &c.
W. H. CRAWFORD.
To (he Il(ykJ Hon. Charles &Tot) 4.c. 4.e.

EXTRACT OF A LETTER. DATE!) PENSACOLA,
SEPEE3IBI.:It 19.

" We are waitiog with sosixiety far the United
States to take formal possession of this place, and
for the estohli.hinesit of 11 regular system of Go-
vernment, Ussr Government at present is a military
one exclusively. of course not very highly rasher!.
PensacoLi contains at this time about fifteen hun-
dred buildings, one third of which are dwelling-
houses: it is probably in a snore delightful sit nu-
tiros than any trivets in the 2.llllll.4lllllllliitry, said de-
eisledly more healthy. Massy northern people have
spent the seasoii here thus far. without a single
deaths. nor scarcely u case of sickness.

"This place-will and must he a place of safe and
fashionable resort during the summer and sickly
ilia. The liailooor is 'exceeded by mule he the
world .perliaps.--tiso thousand ships may ride in
perfect safety. Fort Carlos tie liarotiocas is six
miles below the town, and commands the en-
trance' into the harbour. The c ry in the
neighbourhood is very far from being fertile; but
all this part olithe conoutry produces the grape in
great luxuriance, and will br one day to the United
States what Sianio is to Europe. Lind on the Es-
cambia are good, as also nos Yellow Wilier and
the ditto-riot bayous and creeks.
" The Indians are routrol—scorctly one is seen
throughout the country. `lacy of them have passes)
un to cross the Nlississoppi:"

IMPORTANT DECISION.

The New York Paperscontoin, at great length,
the oviform ofitingr VAN Nrst,to thetiitittlirtoi
Intl C t•of New York, fln a en,r le:voicing matter
of great ill,poititnce in the prrieot relo,iitos between
the United Sintrittipuiti,ion her revolted Celunie.
Mr. STovaii.rom, the. Consul of his Catholic Alit.
jetty, nil behalf of the owners of the Tenerife, min
two other Spanish vessels, ornittited by Continorlor•
TAY I.olt. 101 d 01)1;011C(1 order* to 1101 ii the litter to
bad. The oifidient on which these orderi were
grounded, stolen the Defeuilinit to he an American
enigeo, and to hate been coneetion snioetiine 111
the year 19 Iti, io tittiiii4 out and nutting o brig, cr
%easel, ended the Fourth of Jail, to. E/ Patriots,
w.llito the hums of tile United S;nte., to hove i'to.
in her to '4.4, uud, under the 1144 of the C;*-
teruntiot of Puente. Aires, to have uttli.vtl itgaitt-t
lit (pea iy of_the of the liwg of SPAIN;
*O.l 10 bate COI/Wird 11!t rchtuoliar to a I.trgt 41110110 t.
to the inch‘iiitods to whose helwlt t I e.e
soda Kate !Ain iiiitittlied 1):5

.~

Catliol,c Majesty. At a subsequent day the
Defendant, by his Counsel, applied for and
obtained an order, directiog the Plaintiff to
show cause why be should not he discharged
from custody on filing common hail. The appli.
cation was founded on, and support.d by, the De-
fendant% affidavit, Plating, that 1w was born a sub-
ject of the King rf Great Britain, but oast now,
and had ever since the year 1813, been a mitts.
ralised citizen of the United Provinces of South
America. In support of this last fact. be pro-
(1;:re I 11;4 certificate of I:aturillization. Ile further
that at tli time he tune( ih cootosautt of
ti,e aforesaid vessel, lie wits. and still an Of
in the naval service of that Government, and verified
that fact by the production of Isis commission ; one
of which bears date so early NM the year 1813. Ile
denied also all participation in fitting out or arming'
the said vessel ; and alleged, that in his public car's,-
city, as an officer of the Government of Bun
Ayres, he had purchased and contracted for the
deliv.vy of the said vessel, ut some place beyond
the limits of the United States. That she was ac-
cordingly delivered to biro more than a marine
league from the coast of the United States, and
produced a bill of sale, dated at sea, to verify the
fact. flit Lordship then proceeded io stow, that
antler all the circumstances of the case, the De-
fendout is no longer a citizen of the United States ;
after which lie thus proceeded :
" Nut being a.eir.zeo of the United Stater', the
question is ',resented broadly, whether this Court
will take cognizance of this case? or rather, whether
it will order the Defendant to be arrested, and held
to bail, for acts committed against the subjects of
the Royal Government of Spans, in his capacity of a
citizen Hod publicasfficer of the Government of that
United Provinces of Rio de la Plata, claiming to be
independent ? It is well settled, that whets one
portion of an empire rises up against another, no
longer obeys the Sovereign, bat by force of arias
throws otY 1)6 authority, and is of sufficient strength
to compel him to resort to regular hostilities against
it, a state of civil war exists, as distinguished from
rebellion. It is, equally well settled that in the pro-
recution of a civil war all the maxima of humanity
and moderation, inculcated by the common laws of
war, should be observed. The same case its which
there principles are found points out the course to
he pursued by foreign nations in such a crises. It
exprissly requires that they consider the conflicting
parties as two distinct powers, each independent of
all fort•igo authority, contending for rights and for
a dominion which no foreign Government call justly
give or take aiay ; and, therefore, in the words of
this great authority, nobody has a right to judge
them'."

• The Drfendant, theiefgre, not being a citizen of
the7United States, and the present contest between
Spirits Ind he► Colonies being distinguished by all
the featurestif a civil war, he sr.is of opinion that
the Court 'had in) right to interfere, and that the
Defendant was entitled to his discharge.
It *as also contended, that the vessel be which
these captistes were inade, having been fitted out its
he United fates, in violation of the Act of Jane,
1794, the Court would take jurisdiction of prizes
made by her, and consequently, of this action ; hut
the Judge, on a review of all the cases cited on
this point, held it to be plain, that the utmost ex-
tent of the doctrine they maintain is, that captures
made by vessels equipped in a neutral nation are
illegal only in relation to -inch nation, and if they
■re lo ought infra p►esidin of her ports, restitution
will be ordered—n 6 other temuneration is held
forth—no other resource is opened to the captured
.

"ItiE BRIT' S H PRE S S.

t„ONDON.

TIIURSDAY, Novi:smo '26, 18E5.

Some official documents, emanating from the
thi
coCotulugtrerls.s
and will be found in aof Aix-lu-Chapelle, hanovteh e era. se rrhted. of ours
Paper. Of these, •the first is a Nate addressed by
the Ministers of Austria, Great Britain, Russia,
and Prussia, to the Duke of RtcHEmstt, inviting
him to Irethime a participator in their diplomatic
labours; the second is the Duke of RICHELIFT'S
answer, and acquiescence irr this-proposal ; the third
is the Protocol, signed op the 15th of this month,
by the Minister* of the five great Powers, specify-
ing thi principles which guided their past delihera.
Lions, and those which they are resolved shall in-
fluence the future conduct of their respective Ca-
binets; and the lust is the finial Declaration or
of the Congress, which seems to authen.
cute the resolutions contained in the preceding.
The protested obji.ct of those who formed the
late Congress at Aix-la-Chapelle, is the same 1114 t
has ostensibly engaged the attention of every States-
man and Diplomatist since the earlier daw,i of
civilisation ; and had the solemnity of Ti.atier,
consecrated by every tie of teligier:, heen foul l
efficient to counteract the workino of depraved
ambition, or correct the violence of other paci•iot s
equally destructive to the genersl trAnytillity, tt,e
Allied Sovereigns had now heen spatrd the tr.othle
of ufficially announcing themselves to the world $l4
the active promoters of •• a general peace." Tine
experience of the past obtrudes itself upon :lie me-
mory with too much force, to admit in the prtsent
she of the world the II ittertrg hope that the
causia
of wiar would cease to exist it the bidding of live
great Monarchs, or that even these 11",tri.tutt, tin in-
selves would disregard dolr own
rests, and sacrifice their private
to promote
the r
restle:s is
and

•
the gene,lll Irippittess of the wu.III.
documents we no+• parent to ..or
repeated the oft-told tale, that the I i
only cause of the !ate Coii)rtS %;.1