The Sun.
London, England, 1855-07-21 00:00:00

TRH NUI4s, LONDON, SATIVR,DAY EVENING, JITLY72I, 1666,

LLNIS`I,77‘.•S' 01)

SPLiLET OF THE FUBLIO JOURNALS;

•
the guarantee, but wished it should be several fusteid of
oint„ while others thought we ought to have made Turkey
t present of the money altogether. Some feared we should
mbroil ourselves with Turkey about the principal; others
,hat we should quarrel with France about the iuterest.
We do not pretend to undervalue these: oljections and
millions of men versed in finance, and though they could not
al be right, their schemes had quite as much plausibility as
hat which-Ministers adopted. But we must express our nu-
Stapled astonishment at the conclusion *Lich the authors of
these appeals drew from the several financial formulm they
idopted,r-,-that ,the convection with Franco was to be au---
:tailed; the guarantee refused, and the treperer ofL, the
' ~renclrinistred fifth° gytt 'Of hits ,I and:his,sUb-C
mets„by having been made to propose ,to„thena:the„perforra-
.inee of treaty Which ihe'PailiaMent of his aily'slitseqUently
refased to ratify. --We wish to believe that Ineu are: soloo-.-,
thing better than mere arguing machines, and that there does
reside somewhere in *he hUrnan mind the power of comparing
uni weighing objectious, and giving effect to those whidi carry
with WM the greatest Weight. What ;to
inauccaar the-madness of faction could induce any Man: to''
1 consider that any number of objections of, detadcwere to be
Weighed for an instant against the' aWfut .:responsibility
of intemosingjust and serious catsea Of dTaapeetrieut;
!-Oetvieen the two great allied Powers of the West?' If the de-
Ilieratioribact been,on what should be the mariner- in *MeV
the_peenniary necessities of Turkey should be .relieved, such
argunientS Vreuld lave been extremely .prOber-and ferelant,
out they became mischievous to the last ',de.gee 'when the
luestion was not upon the terms on which a treaty should be
made, .but whether or no a treaty already existing should be
:arried out. It was nobody's fault that the question came be-
core the house in this shape. Ministers could not consult
Parliament befere the treaty was concluded, and afterwards
they could only ask Parliament for its ratification. The real
ofeStion was whether it should go forth to France arid to the
world that this country, with all its pretence to good govern-
ment, had really no Executiv • at all, so far as foreign affairs
were concerned, and that a friendly power which• dealt with
:other of the factions into which we are divided must do scat
she risk 'of finding the agreement which' it had entered into
with one partYdisowad and reptidiated by the other ; whe-
ther we should solemnly proclaim to Europe that we aro a
aeople With whom no terms should be Made; because by ns, -
at least, none would be kept. There was great danger, it.
would be said, that popular government was as impotent in
diplomacy, as in war, and there was danger that the Emperor
if the French, finding himself thus , slighted and deceived, '
should withdraw from an alliance in which the loyalty was all
on his side and thelevity and vaeillation-all on ours.
And this frightful, risk was run at the suggestion of men
considered , prudent and cautious —men for ever divid-
ing and distinguishing, and regarded, not without rea-
son, as holding a high place in the list of our states-
men. 1,
The danger is past for the moment; but it may
recur any day, and must return often. Those. who levelled
this blow at the French alliance were themielves leading
members of the-government which contracted that alliance ;
those who thus seek to ruin the prospects of the war were
among the foremost toinvolve us in it. We respectfully sub-
:nit to the House of- Commons that it is high time it should
make up its mind definitely on the subj6ct. - If-we mean to
ineceed in War; we must' make. up oar mind to support our
Executio in its transactions with foreign countries, be they
ever so erroneous, not out of regard to any 'party or body of
men, but because,: if we do not do so•wo must inevitably,
strip-this country of her allies ; fortunate, indeed, if we do
aot convert them into:enemies, and oblige her to maintain an'
':Solated straggle in exchange for the, advantages of combined,:
and'hannonious action.. If Goverument loses our confidence
we cauremove and replace it by another but in our deaings
-with foreign States we should respect it to the very last, be-
',muse by repudiating its acts we cast' dishonour and discredit
upon ourselves., Our foreign policy should know no pasty.
If we cannot obtain for -ourselves this sacrifice, we are unfit
to enter into the community of nations, and unworthy either
'of their confidence or our own. We .feel quite satisfied that
:fad' aome 'unlucky 'chance turned this slender majority the
other way, or should it happen that in the passage of the bill
through Parliament a coalition between the. Peace Party, the
sece lerafrom Lerd • Palmerston's GovernMent; and the More
.unscrupulous portionef the Opposition-attempt to renew a
nanceuvre so nearly successful, the country might safely be
appealed td td ciiiresSits Opinion on this attempt to strip it
•I its allles, to lower it the estimation of Europe, and drive
into an ignominious peace by repudiating the acts of its
Government. and effendine-rashly and wantonly the just sue-
ceptibility of a faithful and hoaourable ally.

!f,

RALLWAY4.

LeAsinf,
Compam,

losing ?rice,
yesterday.

tide day.

OPERATIONS IN TIIE CRIMEA.
( From the. 'fillies of this day. )

According to tee latest acconnts from the Crimea a hug,
portion of the gun-boats and vessels of light draught belong
ing to the allied fleets were already assembled in Kamiese
B ty, and expectations were confidently entertained that an-
other naval expedition to some parts of the adjacent coasts of
Russia was in preparation. The French -squadron in th 7
Black Sea is now stated to amount to 61 vessels, of.whieh 51
are steamers; our own squadron must lee somewhat larger,
including the mortar boats last sent out ; so that the navee
forces of the Allied Powers, ineuding the Turkish ships, 'cane
not -amonnt to- less than 150 sail of arnied vessels,._ withou,
reckoning. an immense flotilla 'of Zransports. The improve ,
meat' which has taken place in the working of the 'coalpits
of
Heraclea; on the coast of Aeia Minor, now enables the fleet tej
obtain vesy I coal at a price not much emeeding the value
of that necessary article in this country, and our possession ,
of the waters -of 'the Euxine is in all respects complete.
There is something burlesque, then, in. the refusal of the Case
binetesf.St. Petersburg to entertaiw a proposition for the-lie,
mitation of its naval fokees in the .BlacieSea, When the Smallest.
craft that 'ever, bore a Rusiia flag has digappeafed, and' the .
maritime armaments of the enemy have all hue ceased to ex-,
ist. Here would estimate the amount of positive, success
which has attended -our operations in the present War for
crippling-the power of Russia, this fact alone is ofsthe._ntmost
significance.. Twelve months ago the Russians had 17 line-
of-battle ships, 9 frigates and corvettes, 12 steamers of war,
and about 70 lighter armed vessels in the Black Sea and
the Sea wf Azoff. The strength of the Russia x navy at the
commencement of the war was such that Admirals Hame-
lin and Dundee were of opinion that it was • unsafe to
trust either the French or Euglish squadron, as
it was then composed, to cope, with. the. enemy
sap sxately ; indeed, several important operations were post-
poned, and even the blockade was neglected, from what was
then thought the imperative necessity of watching the Rus-
sian fleet in the harbour of Sebastopol. Had that fleet been
well commanded, it might at least have inflicted very serious
damage and inconvenience upon the allies, and it could not
have been more effectually and ingloriously destroyed than
ik
is at the p esent moment. The negotiators at Vienna,
eluding Lord John Russell, were ready at one time to consent
that this Russian fleet should be restored to the condition it
was in before the outbreak of the war ; but when that absurd
proposal was entertained we suspect the statesmen who dis-
cussed it had but an imperfect notices of the contrast pre-
sented by the magnificent Russian navy of 1853, and the
shattered, sinking hulks, which are all that remain of that
navy in 1855. So far, one of the great objects of the war is
accomplished, and we hope that the conditions of peace will
not deprive us of this great and permanent advantage.
But is this the only result we might fairly anticipate from
the supremacy of the allied fleets in the Black Sea ? Let us
now put the siege of Sebastopol, the military operations, and
the presence in the Crimea of nearly 2110,000 men altogether
out of the question, for their Strategical position and means
of operation are distinct. Suppose France and England- had
no armies there at all, but occupied 'the Blacx Sea with 150
vessels of war, and had expelled from it the enemy's flag ;
what should we expect from such a position.? . We should ex-
pect that within a few weeks every portion of its coasts would
be visited as that gallant and lamented officer, Capt. Lyons,
visited the almost inaccessible shores of the Sea of 'Azoff, that
the towns and cities within range of the sea.would .everywhere
feel the pre-ence of our navyethat the mouths and estuaries o;
the great rivers which feed this vast lake wouldbe explored) and
that the enemy would be harassed by incessant attacks on
the fortified posts and garrisons along the coast. It ie wel,
known that the supplies and reinforcements for the army in
the vrimea are drawn from every point, both in the Western
and Eastern provinces of Russia, from which they can be
made available, ane that it is of vital importance to our fu-
ture success to stop these convoys wherever they can be in-
tercepted. Bessarabia has now been • Stripped of the
forces.which were engaged last year in the ill-advised !expedi-
tion into the Principalities, and it could be a task of no great
difficulty to enter the Salina mouth of the Danube, and pur-
sue the flotilla of Russian gunboats to the. Pruth. • The en-
trance to - the Bay of Cherson offers no insurmountable
oh-
slacle to ships of considerable draught, for the largest ships
in the Russian navy were built at Nicolaieff, floated-down
the Bug, and conveyed through this strait to Sebastopol.
Wherever the seamen of the allied fleets have been tried they
have succeeded not only in doing all that was expected of
them, but in performing more than was thought possible.
Their commanders, or, at any rate, the senior members of
the service, appear hardly to know their own powers at any
rate, they have in no instance reached the limit of them.
Tho preparations made for the expeditions of Bomarsund last:
year and of Kertch this year, which have been the only two
brilliant achievements of the navy in the war, were wholly
disproportioned to the resistance which the enemy had it in
his power to make. At Petropaulovsky the reverse we sus-
tained was due solely to the singular suicide of one Admiral
and the inefficiency of another ; and this check will pro-
bably be avenged in the course of the summer. • But no
operations on the coasts of Kamtschatka, of Laplaud,
or even in the Gulf of Finland, can have the same di-
rect effect upon the questions raised-by this war as- the vi-
gorous application of our naval forces in the Black Sea.
If we had an opportunity to address a remark to the Rus-_
sian nation, or to those interested in its welfare, it would be
to-the following effect :—The operations of.the present war
are twofold—the first, and that which most engrosses the at-
tention of the world, is the Crimean expedition and the siege
of Sebastopol; but, although the struggle now going on in
that peninsula touches in the highest degree the honour of
the Russian armies, the pride of the empire, and the political
designs of the Czars on Constantinople, this is not the opera:*
tion which most affects the condition of the Russian nation.
Our second mode of attack is by a system of naval operations
which has driven the Russian flag froth every sea, which in-
sults the Czar upon his throne by the presence of an enemy
within sight of the gilded spires of St. Pet rsburg, which
ravages the coast, which cuts of all the supplies of maritime
trade, and closes the Baltic and the Black Sea altogether
against the Power which claimed ex Tonderance in those
waters. It is evident that the people of Russia suffer iufi-
, nitely more by this latter mode of hostilities than by the
vehement contest carried on by their troops in defence of
Sebastopol. Yet this latter mode of hostilities, which presses
so severely on the security of their coasts, the honour of their
flag, ou their trade, on the supply of their wants, and on their
credit, is a kind of warfare which this Country is perfectly
able to prolong indefinitely. If we had not a man left in the
Crimea, and if the greatest Powers in the world were led by
any unforeseen cause to desist altogether from the attack on
Sebastopol, that circumstance would in no degree induce the
Allies to lesson the pressure which the var throws upon the
coasts of the empire, or to restoreto Russia the waters which,
as long as they arc navigable, arc in our possession. We do not
dispute the ability with which the defence of Sebastopol is con-
ducted, we do not deny the patriotic efort which have been
made by the Russians to maintain this struggle; but, except
the honour of a more prolonged resistance, they can gain
nothing by all their sacrifices. Even success would not re.
lieve teem from that pressure of our naval superiority, which
is the more formidable because it is permanent, and can be
maintained without an effort by this country during the whole
continuance of the war. We are satisfied that nothing will
tend more effectually to bring the enemy to submission than
the application of these coercive measures in every form of
hostility to all the points of his dominions which are acces-
sible to our squadrons ; and the inference we draw from these
considerations is, that the great objects of the war may be as
much advanced by the incessant activity of the fleets as by
the great military enterprise in which the allied armies are
engaged.

99 101
100 - 10
-

••• •••
135 -••• I 7

• ••

io

108 - 109

.I.="

12i-- 13
- 94
116 - 12

• •• ...

••• t o

- 2i

95 - 96

68
---60

33-135

• .•.
8f -
21

32 - 33
92 - 94

:E SHAR

MR.- ROEBUCKS MOTION,
(Front the Press of this -4ty.)
The *division oti Thursday night Will, of Course, be treated
by the Government, officials as a triumph and as a proof of
oonfidence; but we are persuaded that neither Lord PAlmer-
sten nor-any one conversant with party tactics in the House
of Commons views it-really in any such light. The motion
was - Mr. Roebuck's motion ; he sustained it admirably, and
is well entitled to the thanks of the country for having
orought it forward. Still, it was Mr. Roebuck's motion ;
:old it. cannot be denied that there were several consider-
Aims involved in it which naturally disposed some
among the- Conservatives to hesitate in support-
ing it. It related to bygone - transactions, and was
represented as conveying a personal censure, amount-
ing to ostracism, upon honourable men. We do not admit
the force or justice of the argument; but such as it was, it
was- calculated to create a feeling, we might call it a pre-
judice, against .the motion. The amendment was proposed
and seconded by au avowed members of the Opposition.
General Teel, the mover of the amendMent, went the length
,t decbe'iug that he was ready to, join in n direct vote of
want of Confidence, and that he thought the time was come
when. Lord. Derby ought to be called upon to form a Govern-
ment. The amendnient itself implied a modified censure
upon the •Government. We are not aware off-a case until
now, . iu which, pn: a
.-vote of . censure,- the. Government
had recourse to- the. miserable expedient of supporting
the previous question=-moved, not by a friend, but by an
avowed political opponent. These two considerations natu-.
rally influenced many 'Conservative's, inducing them to pre-
fer a modified expression of disapproval as regards Govern-
ment rather than a direct censure, affecting not only Lord
Palmerston and Sir G. Grey, but ex: ending itself to Sir J.
Graham, Mr. Gladstone, and Mr. S Herbert, who had already
voluntarily submitted themselves to the penalty of their Mi-
nisterial delinquencies. Under this impression we find some
of the most consistent members of Lord Derby's party
voting for the previous question : Lord Barrington,
Lord -Chelsea the Egerton, - Mr. Ilorsfall, Mr. Liddell,
Mr. Tollemache, Mr. Repton, Sir John Walsh, Lord
Robert Cecil. With such men voting against Mr. Roebuck's
motion, the division certainly, cauuot, under the circum-
stances we have stated, be considered either as a Ministerial
or as a party triumph.
And the debate ! We scarcely remember a debate more
damaging to a Government. Those on the Treasury bench,
from the Premier down to that wretched clique who excited
their patron, actually shrank under the indignant denunciations
of Mr. Bright. Sir JaS. Graham, too, gave expression to opi-
nions respecting his late colleagues, not, we think, calculated
to make them feel comfortable in their seats ; while My.
Disraeli and Mr. Whiteside exposed the miserable and
pitiable position in which his reckless ambition has now
placed the once popular Lord Palmerston.
There is nothing, we repeat, in the debate or division ou
Mr. Roebuck's motion calculated to dishearten the Conser-
vatives, or to lead to the supposition that there exists among
them any division or want of unanimity, and nothing, cur-
tainlY, calculated to inspirit or give permanence to this
ricketty Government, On the contrary, the debate cannot
fail to add still more to the disgust which is becoming the
strong feeling of the country as regards Lord Palmerston and
his Government. .
In the Lords their position was even more discreditable
and humiliating. Thee Scotch Education Bill, elinost their
only measure for the session, carried after 'frequent divisions
through the House of Commons, was actually repudiated by
the Government itself. Tney.had not courage to support it,
and were driven to the disgraceful alternative of voting
against their own measure.- Will the LOrd Advocate resign?

" THE RIGHT. MAN IN THE RIGHT PLACE."
( From the Times of this day.)
We have great pleasure in announcing that Sir William
Molesworth is to succeed Lord John Russell in the direction
of the Colonial-office. We regard this appointment as among
the first, and not the least valuable, fruits of the movement
for Administrative Reform. There is no public mall who has
more fairly won his way to this distinction than Sir William
Molesworth. It has been the habit to appoint
,men Colonial
Secretaries because something must be done., for them, b.:-
cause they were too intractable and troublesome to be trusted
in any other department, because they were lazy, or because
they were mischievously active—for everyreason in
the world,
in fact, except because they knew anything of the depart-
ment they undertook to administer. To thi' time-honoured
practice Sir William Molesworth is a first and most signal ex-
ception; he is Colonial Secretary because he understands the
colonies, and for no other rLason whatever.
It would be difficult to exaggerate the services which
during his Parliamentary career the new Colonial Secretary
has rendered to the cause of the colonies, and the degree in
which, by so doing, he has co-solidated and conciliated the
remoter portions of this great empire. He was the first to
denounce the intolerable .evils resulting ,from the system of
transportation to the Australian colonies, with its inversion
of right and wrong, its material prosperity, and its moral
rottenness. If not the founder, he may fairly be termed the
regenerator and purifier of that great group of ,ependencies.
He was among the early colonizers of New Zealand, though
entirely free from the questionable acts which afterwards dis-
credited that noble undertaking. He possessed and imparted
to Parliament vast stores of knowledge as to the complicated
relations between the English settlers at the Cape of Good Hope,
the Dutch Boers, and the savage tribes by which they are
menaced and surrounded. To him we mainly owe the estab-
lishment of the Principle, now recognised as an, axiom, but
formerly ridiculed as a paradox, that to the colonies should be
intrusted the management of their own affairs, and
ttheo Nestaebw-
lishment of that double electoral chamber, which seems likely
to pervade all British communities, from Canada
Zealand. To his untiring exertions we owe it that the
country has been spared the enorrnousexPepso of maintaining -
t;•oops in these distant regions, and no one has thrown more
light on the best constitution for dependencies, and on the
manner in which Imperial should be distinguished from local
powers. These are solid qualifications r the office, and
augur well for the manner in which its duties will .be per-
formed. Much will be expected from such a Minister, and
Sir William Molesworth must be indefatigable and successful
if he overcome the formidable rivalry of his own already
achieved reputation.

SUNTAY- BEER BILL.
• ( From the-Morning Advertiser of this day.)
It, is a question which it would not be very easy, to• decide,
whether -the unanimous testimony of the metropolitan police
magistrates to the oppressive working of the Beer. Act of last
session, or the evidence of Sir Robert Carden and Mr. George
Cruikshank, given with :a view.to perpetuate that vexatious
measure, is most calculated to benefit the cause of the Li-
censed_Victuallers. ,We have already exposed the utter want
of truth in the assertion, of Sir Robert Carden, that not one
in ;en of those who enter public-houses after ten o'clock at
night, is honest or respectable, but that such persons are
chiefly thieves and prostitutes. We have pronounced this
statement to be a slander against a most respectable body of
men, as groundless as it is injurious, and we have called on
the body so grossly and gratuitously calumniated to demand
of Sir Robert Carden that he shall withdraw his slanderous
imputation. Unless he does, and that speedily, wo repeat
what we said yesterday,--that he is unfit to continue in the
discharge of those magisterial functions which the chapter of
accidents has confided to him. Entertaining the opiuionhe ex-
pressed on Tuesday respecting the character of those who enter
public-houses after ten o'clock, how could he be expected to ad-
ministerjustice to any person who mi ght be brought before him,
charged with some offence, provided that person was ascer-
tained to be one who was occasionally to be found in the par-
lour of a public-house after ten o'clock ? The very fact would
prejudge his case. He might be a man of the highest respecta-
bility,and innocent as the child unborn of the charge preferred
against him, but this" worthy" magistrate—" worthy," by
courtesy so called—regarding him as disreputable, dishonest,
and a 'thief, would neces-arily be prepared to regard him,
presumptively, as capable of committing any other offence.
And where a case is preilldged we all know how slender is'
the ,evidence which_would be required to convict the party.
We say, therefoie, that it is equally due to the licensed' vie-
tuallesis, se unjustly defamed ; to the impartial administrath
of justice , and to Sir Robert Carden himself, that he should
withdraw the calumnious charge which he preferred on Tues
day against a body of tradesmen as respectable as any in the
metropolitan community.
But Sir R. Carden was not the only witness who gave evi-
dence which surprised-the committee, and which has filled the
public, mind with amazement and indignation—amazement
because unjust, and indignation because injurious to the
characters and interests of a respectable body of men.
Mr. George Cruikshank, the caricaturist, must needs also
come forward, and make one of the most ridiculous exhibi-
tions ever made before a Committee of the House of Com-
mons. Mr. George Cruikshank is like Sir Robert Carden, a
great advocate of the Maine Liquor Law, and would enforce
its stringent provisions on every man and woman in her Ma-
jesty's dominions. To do the artist justice, he practises what
he preaches,--which is more than can be said of the Magis-
terial Knight. Mr. Cruikshank is a Teetoller ; Sir Robert
Carden is not. He is, indeed, very far removed from any-
thing of the kin.d. Mr.. G. Cruikshank, we have said, made
a ridiculous exhibition on Tuesday. He is by profession a
caricaturist, and, certainly, in this instance, he most graphi-
cally and successfully caricatured himself. We will not say
what opinion the committee formed of hini, though he 'Could
hardly be ignorant of it. In bis zeal for the introduction
of the Maine Liquor Law into this country, Mr. Cruikshank
insisted on showing the committee a series of drawings, illus-
trative of the evils of drunkenness, in the shape of men beat-
ing their wives until the blood streamed from their mouths
and noses, and little children presenting an emaciated and
ragged appearance, enough- to touch the least sensitive
heart, just as if any, one ever doubted. that drunken-
ness is one of the greatest evils, perhaps the greatest,
that ever found its way into the world. The committee,
however, very properly tailed on the caricaturist • for
facts, not for fanciful figures] He professed to comply with
their requirements ; hut the facts, if we must call them by 11
the name, were sueli as no Committee or anybody else ever-1
before had had submitted to them. The only fault which he
could find with the_ Beer Bill was, that it did hot go far
enough. Even the Maine Liquor Law did not go far enough
for Mr. Cruikshank. There was something in his statement
which would raise the presumption in the minds of those who
knew no better, that he is a native of the Emerald Isle. A
more genuine Irishism was: never perpetrated than the
avowal, that he would go beyond • the Maine Liquor Law,—
that is, would. have something still more stringent with.the
view of discountenancing the sale of beer, wine, or spirits.
The Maine Liquor Law prohibits the sale of all spirituous
liquors. What more would -Mr. Crai'sshank have ? Surely
that ought to satisfy him. If he will have something more
than even that, probably he will be kind enough to tell -us
what way he is to be furnished with it.
haßk, u" all of
But this is not all. Mr. George Cruilis!

.--- I
THE TURKISH LOAN.
( From the Times of this day.) ,
The two great Parliamentary contests of the week, believed
to be the last of the session, w re over, and the House, which
had been swollen to nearly 500 members on Thursday night,
the morning
and assembled in small rning
of yesterday. Members
scatteredbelieved
ther a rapidly i
sessiondly during
a at
an
num-
bers, and without any strong appearauce of interest, when
the House met last evening. They knew there was to be
something about a bill to guarantee a loan to Turkey, but
nobody apparently apprehended that any serious contest
would arise on the subject. Never was calm more delusive ;
the sentinels who first saw the Russian greatcoats looming
through the thick fog of the sth of November, as their
columns crowned the heights of Inkermann, were not more
completely taken by surprise than was her Majesty's Ministers
etdheuyponfo,uuasdintdheaetdathey had right to do,
measure which they
lsaseetmendigtolith,avNevllioenok
almost as a matter of course, was menaced with a violent and
preconcerted opposition. We are astonished at the magni-
tude of the danger and the narrowness of the escape, and can
scarcely believe that within so short a time the alliance with
France, the prospects of the war, and the very existence of
Turkey should have been saved from the most serious risk
by the narrow majority of 135 to 132.
England, and Turkey, by which the
Our readers are aware that, subject to the approbation of
Parliament, a convention has been concluded between the
Governments of Franco,
two former Powers undertake to guarantee the payment of
the interest on a loan of 5,00',0101., to be contracted by the
latter. The Emperor of the French has already received ,
the approbation of his Chamber to this treaty, and last
night Lord Palmerston introduced resolutions into the
consent of Parliament to the convention. Strange to
House of Commons for t he purpose
say, ho was encountered with every species of objec-
of obtaining the
tion ; some disapproved of assisting Turkey at
all ; if he represented her wants, he was told that she would
be unable to pay the interest ; if he descanted on her unde-
veloped resources, he was told that she did not requre a loan
at all. Then the form of the loan produced endless objec-
tions, moulded into every form of
,financial , pedantry ; some
objected to a guarantee, and would have preferred a loan
. direct from England and France to
Turkey ;others approved