The Sun.
London, England, 1855-07-25 00:00:00

LITERATURE.

The Crimea ; its .4 ncient and Modern History ;
the Khans, the Sultans, and the Czars ; with
_Notices of its Scenery and Population. By the
Rev. Thos. Milner, M.A., F.R.S. Longman;
1855. 12m0., pp. 368. ,
The title of this work is almost an index to its
contents, and we need not do much more than ex-
press our satisfaction with the correspondence be-
tween the promise and the performance. It is as
complete a work on the Crimea as the general
rewier can desire, and just what all of us now re-
quire to form a proper judgment on the state and
progress of affairs in that now universally interest-
ing spot ; and, indeed, to enable us to read the
newspapers with intelligence. Though embracing
a description of the geography and physical fea-
tures of every part of The peninsula, of its moun-
tains and woods, its valleys and rivers, its steppes
and seas, its natural history and meteorology, as
well as of its history through two thousand four
hundred years, it is anything but a dry summary of
particulars. The points of interest or importance
in each department are well selected, are woven
into aconnected and. continuous whole, are enlivened
with abundance of incident, and thus much more
than a useful and readable book is presented to us
—one, in short, which most readers, at any time,
but now especially, will read through. When
they have done so they will certainly feel that
they can form a better opinion than before
on Crimean matters. Its history will, doubtless,
be quite a novelty to many; and they will be
not a little surprised to find what an active
trade was carried on with the Crimea by ancient
Athens—how Rome did not overlook it—how the
Genoese and Turks successively asserted their sway
—and how its Khans at one time could pillage, and
at another actually burn Moscow. Bakshi-Serai
has been the abode of vigorous conquerors and
mighty men. They will not, however, be surprised
to learn that fraud and brazen perfidy, in marked
contrast with Turkish honour, had a powerful share
in giving Russia the mastery of the Crimea. In-
deed, so far as Russia is concerned, this little
volume is one of the many proofs that no peace
with her is worth twenty years' purchase which
does not rest on her expulsion from her stolen ter-
ritory, and the reduction of her power to innocu-
ous proportions. It is as great folly to treat the
conquerors of the Crimea as a people who would
respect a treaty, as to rely on the promises of a dis-
armed brigand. It is not a little singular that an
English female traveller, Lady Craven, in 1786,
first pointed out the unrivalled value of Sebastopol
as a naval station ; and that an English newspaper
was the means of the erectionof those forts at the
mouth of the harbour, which have as yet proved
too strong to be forced by our fleets.

My Travels. By Captain Chamier, R.N., Author
of " The Life of a Sailor." 3 vols. Hurst and

Blackett.

The second name of this book is the more charac-
teristic one—it is entitled, "My Travels ; or, An
Unsentimental Journey through France, Switzer-
land, and Italy." It is usual for travellers if they
do not record their adventures in couleur de rose,
at least to invest them with some air of romance or
excitement. They usually avoid what is common-
Pla:.')e and trivial to describe the beauties of nature
or wonders of art in the spots visited. The pre-
sent writer has had no such idea. He has set out
on a route for himself ; and though a good many
travellers have given us narratives of the same
journey as he took, he is perhaps the first who has
announced his determination of being eminently
practical in his account of it. Whether this will
be considered an improvement is questionable. If
he restrained himself to the really practical part ;
if he had given us scientific information for
the learned, commercial intelligence for men
of business, or directions for the inexperienced
traveller, we should not complain ; but his un-
sentimentality merely consists in costemptuous
expressions without any definite purpose ; he
amuses himself with ridiculing and sneering at
very unnecessary topics. it is very improbable
that any English readers are in danger of joining
in Neapolitan superstitions ; it is therefore scarcely
requisite to devote four chapters of the first volume
to a semi-satirical history of the miracles of St.
Gennaar. There is displayed all through the work
a tinge of levity which occasionally touches the
vulgar. It must not be imagined, however, that
no entertainment can be derived from its pages.
When the author lays aside his flippancy of style,
and writes seriously on what is worth writing on
his descriptions are interesting. The most so is
perhaps the description of Pompeii, that wonder-
ful city of the dead, which has not warned the
living to fear Vesuvius. The author gives us some
curious particulars, which are not perhaps generally
known. Among the many discoveries made in
Pompeii, including the most trivial articles of com-
mon use, even pins and needles, there are a few re-
markable exceptions • neitbet•
rats, taLuse Terrible keys used in the extraction
of teeth" have been found. " Surely," says the
traveller, " the Romans were not exempt from the
three warnings of age !" It is also singular that,
amongall the skulls and skeletons found in Pompeii,
there has never been one in which a tooth was
wanting ! Toothache may, therefore, be reckoned
among modern inventions. All through Pompeii
there is no trace of a chimney. There are kitchens
in abundance. The formation of the ovens is the
same as at present, awl on the loaf the baker's
name; but the smoke must have escaped differently.
" The whole contents of a surgeon's shop" have
been found, and dice, loaded as they sometimes
are nowadays, may also be reckoned among the
possessions of the past. The extreme narrowness o!
the streets is one of the most remarkable things ;
there' is no street in Pompeii where two carriages
could have passed through, though the wear of the
pavement proves that wheels did pass. What
struck the traveller most was that after so long a
lapse of time so little has been improved. A great
part of the second volume is devot ed to a transla-
tion of a portraiture of modern Italy and its people,
which he asserts was given. to him by an Italian
with whom he entered into conversation, though
his name and position were unknown. He draws
a gloomy picture of the condition of the Italians
under Austrian supremacy. The people are so
degraded that "in Naples every man of the lower
orders seems professionally a mendicant." Sicily,
one of the most beautiful and fertile islands in the
world, has only one-fourth cultivated. • • There are
no carriage roads. A company of Frenchmen
offered to make them ; the Viceroy sanctioned the
speculation ; it was referred to Naples for ratifica-
tion ; the King refused it. The same occurred in
a proposal to light Palermo with gas. " His
Majesty," says our author, "thought it better to
keep his suhjeces in the dark." Gentle-
men who complain of pocket-picking in
Loudon had better visit Naples to be
cured of their discontent. The Minister of Finance
was in the habit of sauntering in the Toledo. In
seventeen days he lost seventeen pocket .handker-
chiefs. He applied to the Minister of Police, who
the next day sent him seventy-two, which had been
taken from the thieves, but not one belonged to
the Minister. To give an idea of the postal ar-
rangements, we may mention that a letter would
get to America before ono posted at the same mo-
ment at Naples would get to Palermo. The reader
may derive entertainment from many portions of
these volumes ; and, though objections may he
raised to some points, they are not devoid of gene-
ral interest.

A Lost Love. By Ashford Owen. Smith and
Elder.

A spirit of profound melancholy pervades this
story. There is an under current of sorrow that
is seen in the most favourable events. The reader
feels from the first that there is to be no real hap-
piness for the heroes and heroines. They appear
placed in such combinations of circumstances, mid
are endowed with such peoilliar temperaments,
that only some fortuitous occurrences could have
rendered them satisfied. As the reality was, how-
ever, by far the most unfortunate was Georgina.
She was certainly the sacrifice, and undeservedly so,
for she was generous and kind-hearted, and ever
considerate towards others. It is seldom that any
one is altogether so unfortunate as was Georgy
Sandon, perhaps ; yet all the events of her life are
natural as they are here represented, and the ex-
perience of every-day life demonstrates the truth
of the adarie that some must smile while others
weep. Constance Everett was a very graceful
creature, but she was not sufficiently superior
to be the wife of James Erskine. He was
greatly to be pitied, for he had a painful part to
perform, and he really was not to blame so much
as he might have appeared to be to a superficial
observer. Had not the sudden meeting with Con-
I stance revealed to him that she was really attached
to him in spite of her wayward demeanour and
perversity of conduct, it is most likely that Georgy
would have never regretted her engagement. The
perplexity and confusion into which he was thrown
show the danger of contracting important obliga-
tions on the principle of expediency, and the pro-
mise of doing for the best. Poor Georgy had cause
to lament the day when, out of mere kindness to
her, Mr. Erskine had proposed to her. She had,
at all events, the higher kind of happiness which
springs from upright conduct, and to which the
others could lay no claim and prefer no right. It
is naturally described how she preserved silence on
the past after she had left the scene of her short-
lived enjoyment. It would have been especially
unlikely for a nature so deep and true to have
sought solace or found relief in dwelling on its
sacred sufferings to strangers. " Bury your
love, and look at it 119 mores'--burp its'•and

I tread clown the eerth upon it. But you
should do it ; let no one else smile at what
has heee your life. Trample on it yourself, for
you have worshipped it, and whisper the denial of
what you have glorified. But let none else
come near that, grave." After the calm in which
we suppose Georgy ensconced herself, it is not con-
genial to the feelings to hear of her being united
to Stephen Anstruther after some years. It does
not seem natural, and spoils the illusion which
we were before given to entertain that she still
clung to the remembrance of her former choice.
" We are in love for a day, but may love on into
eternity," is written in describing her feelings as
being not extinct, although hidden from notice and
observation. After such a view of her mind, it is
not what one is led to expect ; and it is said after-
wards that she was mistaken, and it seems only
probable enough when we are told of her early
death, three years after her marriage. The
thought and feeling that are manifested through-
out this sketch of a melancholy existence possess a
certain charm, and exert an influence on the atten-
tion and interest. If suffeiiiig, patiently borne,
and trials bravely surmounted, can make an attrac-
tive heroine, these pages present one to our
notice.

The City of the Crescent ; or, the Turks in, 1854.
By Gordon Trenery, author of " The Morning

Land." 2 vols. Skeet.

There is nothing very original in these volumes,
their chief merit being that they give a portraiture
of Turkish home life in the present day. The author
describes their opinions and habits as being greatly
modified in the last few years by contact
with European travellers, whose number has
greatly increased with the modern facilities for
travelling, and more especially since "the Turkish
question" has directed public attention to the East.
The Turkish ladies are no longer kept under such
strict surveillance, and they are even allowed in
some instances to converse with strangers. The
present writer made acquaintance with some,
whom he describes in the most glowing terms. He
is enchanted with Turkey and the Turks, and ap-
pears to have been totally fascinated by the Eastern
magnificence. It may be suspected, however, that
his style is a little exaggerated, for when he gets to
common topics there seems a total absence of mo-
deration in his ideas. For instance, in speaking of
the dogs of Constantinople, he expresses his con-
viction that the whole canine race ought to be ex-
terminated, because they are liable to attacks of
hydrophobia. In case his opinions on Eastern
manners are on the same scale, the reader intnt
make some allowance for it. He informs us that
the Turks have a high opinion of the English,
especially the more educated classes, who in some
cases regard the English almost with affec-
tion. He certainly portrays the Eastern
character in a most favourable view, and
the beauties of nature in that country he de-
picts in equally attractive colours. In short he
appears to be of the opinion of the poet—
"ls there an earthly paradise from human care' releaPed,
'Ti' the City of the Sultan, the gl,iry of the East ;"
though, unfortunately, the first line is no longer ap-
plicable. One of the most remarkable of his adven-
tures was a midnight visit to the mosque of St.
Sophia, in company with a lady disguised as a
Turk, who would infallibly have been cut to pieces
had she been discovered. He describes the effect
of the illuminated interior as most impressive.
Those who are curious as to the details of the inte-
rior of a Turkish abode in all its luxury and magni-
ficence will find an unusual opportunity of being
gratified, and the work will afford entertainment
as giving a novel view of home life in the East.

AUSTRALIA.

L I VERPOOL, TUESDAY.

By way of Callao, advices from Melbourne to
April 26 have been received, brought to that port
by the Liverpool ship Mooresfort.
The intelligence is of little interest.
The White Star ship Annie Wilson (82 days)
and Gambia, from Liverpool ; Czar, from Glasgow ;
Rienzi, from Dublin ; and Agnetta, from London,
had arrived at Melbourne. The Northumberland,
from London, at Geelong. The Duke of Welling-
ton and Hooghly, at Adelaide.
The Royal mail ship Boomerang had not arrived
out, though 78 days from Liverpool.
The latest advices from England were by the
Annie Wilson, Jan. 28.
The Red Jacket was to sail for Liverpool on the
Ist, and the Eagle on the 23d May. The Boome-
rang, with the mails, was to sail in the same
month.
An escort from the Beechworth digging arrived
at Melbourne on the 24th of April, with 8,000
ounces of gold.
Gold at Melbourne was rather more active, but
prices rem,wik at 31. 16s. 6(1. to 31. 17s. per ola.c.e.
trey -44 tn an ova!, ve boot 1--K place at
Melbourne, the largest ever held. Men's stout-
nailed watertight;, 13s. to 16s. Gd. ; ditto stout
kip front lace boots, Welch bobbed, 9s. 6d. to 10s.
6d. ; ditto ditto army bluchers, Bs. 2d. to 9s. sd. ;
ladies' cachmere and cloth boots, goloshed, ss. 9d.
to 6s. 4d.; men's stout Wellingtons, 9s. to 125.; chil-
dren's velvet and coloured boots, ls. sd. to 2s. id.
per pair.
In general commercial affairs there was no par-
ticular change.
Adelaide advice; to April 20 have been received,
but are unimportant.

THE PENINSULAR MAILS.

SOUTHAMPTON, JULY 24.

The steam-ship Alhambra, of the Peninsular and
Oriental Steam Navigation Company, Capt. Ed-
ward Christian, with the usual Peninsular mail, in
charge of Lieut. Reddeck, R.N., Admiralty agent,
arrived this evening at half-past seven o'clock p.m.
Her dates of sailing were—Gibraltar, July 14 ;
Cadiz, 15 ; Lisbon, 19 ; Oporto, 20 ; Vigo, 21.
She brought the following n umber of passengers :
—First class, 41 ; second, 19 ; deck, 4.
The freight of the Alhambra consists of 12 pack-
ages of specie, value 7,438/. ; 94 boxes of eggs, 339
half-chests of lemons, 2 baskets of potatoes, 9
baskets and 9 boxes of onions, 28 bales of ochella,
anl 17 packages of sundries.
Her Majesty's steamer Malacca had arrived at
Gibraltar, from Malta.
The Alhambra passed the Peninsular and Orien-
tal Company's steamer Euxine on the evening of
the 221, and the Madeira packet Brilliant on the
evening of the 23d.
The Dutch frigate Doggerbank and the French
steamer Levassier wery lying in Cadiz. The Pe-
ninsular and Oriental steamer Iberia arrived at
Vigo on the morning of the 21st.

,STATE OF TRADE.

MANCHESTER. July 24.

The yarn market has been very inactive, and thou 'b
prices were nominally, stoady, there is no doubt th at buyers
disposed to give out contracts could have made rather
easier terms. The principal reason for holding back is
probably to be looked for in the last advices from the
United States, where cotton continues to come forward
more freely than usual for the time of the year, and
where the prospects of the now ripening crop are exceed-
ingly satisfactory. These advices are supposed to point
to lower prices, anal hence buyers of cotton manufactures
will continue to act with caution, unless some occurrence,
such as an unexpected revival of demand, should alter
their position.
The cloth-market, like that for yarn, is a good deal
quieter than last week, and principally owing to the
same circumstances. The earnestness, however, with
which manufacturers have at length taken up the short-
time question must soon have a somewhat counteracting
effect on prices.
The determination of 33 firms at Blackburn, most of
them very extensive manufacturers, to reduce the hours
of labour in their mills from 60 to 40 hours per week,
must of itself have a considerable effect on the market.
The present production of yarn there is estimated
at over 700,0001 b. per week, in addition to upwards
of 200,0001 b. of spinnings from Staleybridge and
other towns. The looms employed are estimated
at about 20,000, producing near upon a million
pounds of cloth per week. By a reduction of the hours
of working to four days, instead of six, per week, it fol-
lows that about 333,0001 b. weight of cloth per week will
be taken off the market ; and, in addition to short time
at Blackburn, it appears that the manufacturers of Har-
wood, Darwen, and Accrington are all following the
example. At Accrington notice has already been given
to the workpeoole to work two days less per week. In
aldition to these it has been already mentioned that there
are here and theme milli; all over the manufacturing dis-
trict which have been wholly or partially stopped, with-
out any waiting by the owners for concert on the part of
their neighbours.

THE /MitTIiOPOLITAN BOBOUGLlS.—Meetings in sup
port of Sir W. Molesworth and Sir B. Hall were he'd
yesterday in Southwark and Marylebone. They were
numerously attended, and pledges were given to re-elect
each of the right What baronets in his borough.
THE CITY.— do the authorities in to do
with the ruins in Skinner-street. ? Valuable
rts land is in the City and its immediate neighbourhood,
surely some improvement here would nay, while it added
to the comforts arid wel'are of the ini2abitants. Some
ears ago we were told that a sum of money was pro-
vided
by the corporation to buqd lodging-bouses. baths,
&c.; yet there is neither a lodging-hou,e not. public bath
in the City, nor do we hear of the public lil.,rary which
Mr. Challis was so anxious to provile when he was
'mayor. In the northern suburbs we have no ir,ths, and
but few other institutions that conduce to improve.;i!ent ;
and considering the wealth the town renresents• and that
most persons of property and influence are f ccnhnrieer
with it, it does not present that picture 0 C. s_ tiara
,I°.VQ and chvity which we, as professors, are in duty
Pollild to ' • 7 - •
61,10V.,:

BEALTH OP LONDON DURING THE Or

( Front the Report of the Registrar-General.).
During three weeks of this month the P°
London have enjoyed improved health. This is 'jowl
by a reduction of the mortality to the extent of
lioo
150 deaths a week below the mortality of tbe
month. Last week the deaths registered were 91the
the corresponding weeks of the ten years 18454:'1, je
average number was 1,027, which, if corrected ado
crease of population, becomes 1,130. In comps!.
present return with the estimated result, it ie net' Ito
to observe that in the week which ended JOT
(embraced in the average), cholera was fatal in 61'0—tbee
and raised the deaths rum all causes to 1,741 obit
wise, a conclusion will be drawn rather more faei
o giil
fir th
r last week than e mortality that has preys,'
diary periods would justify. Wee k2/9
The zytnotic class of dis-axes produced last ithie
deaths, being a fourth part of the total mortaliti.oo4.
amount is as high •as it usually is at this ,„1204
Diarrlicen, of which there were 67 fatal case, Is`fice
progress with the rising temperature. The nurnbel7
this complai, tin the last six weeks have been triej
33, 28, 45, and 67. Of the 67 casee, 51 °f„c:1; S
arnong-t children under the age of one 9-41
among-t those one year old and under 2 year', soli
of cholera were recorded last week, 3 of which °eel
to infants ; the remaining case was that of a woman, Aisi.
56 years. who died in Walworth from " choleraic:o
rheas," after 13 hours' illness. Scarlatina cared k,4
children, 6 of whom died in St. George's, Southwergje
in Woolwich. In the fi,rmer district 2 deaths foal
latina occurred in one house situated in Elliot 1•70,
and in the latter district 2 in a house in Mulgrayet
Last week the births of 798 boys and 724 gide:h.:ol
1,522 children, were registered in London. I° 1',,p41
corresponding weeks of the years 1845-54 the
number was 1,327. tieb
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the n174,0)1
ins of the barometer in the week was 29 739 in,„*„
end of the week the reading was at 30 03 m. .",f,jof
temperature of the week was 59 6 deg., which /811 01
below the average of the same week in 38 Yee".' soli
Tours 'ay, when it rained heavily, the mean tetalle'ire
was 54.9 deg., which is 7-deg. below the average',/1 soli
high—t temperature occurred on Sunday (the 1 5t13 484
was 76.8 deg.; the lowest on Saturday, when it iflo
de. The mean dew-point temperature was 52 of Oe
which is 7.6 deg. below the mean temperature
air. The temperature of the water of the 'floic'o4l,
66.9 deg. The wind blew generally from ,t,13:00101
Rain fell to the amount of 1.04 in , of which o'.`,.4gt
an inch fell on Monday, and the remainder on
Frequent flashes of liehtning were seen andOP"-
was he rd between 5 and 6 p.m on Thurviait mllO
SHOREDITCH ; Holywell.—At 5, Bowl-coertr To. 1-
July. a boy, aged 9 months, " cholera (24 110a..701
WHITFCHAPEL : AFga.te.—At the Refloe'..ll,ol.
Mint-street, on 15th July, the son of a refiner, 08
month-, " diarthcea (1 week). then suddenlY,teken
cholera symptoms. and died in 3 hours 'after. ship
BERMONDSEY ; Leather Market.—At 9. e;e3l
Mermaid-row, on 17th July, the son of a tri,
aged 7 weeks, " cholerine (8 days), diarrhoea. 4 rot
NTIVTNGTON ;St Peter, Walworth,—At sr
land-street, on 18th July, the wife of a greengri''
56 ye.irs, " choleraic direrhcea (13 hours)."
tie 0101
In the same sniedistriet, on 15th July, a gel'
aged 74 years, "noli me taegere (ninny yeers); t
, ie
ST. PANCRAS • Somers town.—At 36, Cbsito°
n the 14th Of Ally, an apprentice to a butch
17 years, "hydrophohia (36 hours)." Bitten Wet
the oath of December, 1854. Deceased
ticed to a butcher in High-strict, Caindea'w„.el,
whom the dog belonged. The dog was never see- •
it had bitten deceased.
LAMBETH ; Waterloo (2d Part).—At 62, ,Talo-,-6
on the 4th of July the son of a labourer, age,,,f1%,0,—' sr,
" natural death, a'fit (under 1 hour)." Mr. v
as
registrar, writes :—" Deceased was blind an" we'
deaf ; he could not hear himself speak. and ho t'plets/
altered. He first gradually lost his sight, and w.“
in the Blind School, where he learnt to rod. v
fluently his hearing left him in a similar marine
friends communicated with him by touching to,:
his body, hut more frequently by taking his filla',A.lP.l
writing with it He was naturally very intellige7ooos
the day of his death he was engaged in soling t:Or,
shoes, when he was taken suddenly ill arid :colt
lnwn stairs, saying, `I am dying, my jaws ar Our
and
was seen that they were drawn aside. •
pired in about an hour afterwards."

MORTALITY TN THE METROPO-115,
NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES 81°91.'
IN THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, J.Oll
ZymoticDiseases ..................................... ''
Diseases of Uncertain Seat ......................... 911.

Tubercular Diseases
Diseases of the Brain. Nerves and Senses ...... •••"';,
.. .
Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels ......... ••';{ if
Disea-ges of the Lungs and other Organ° „
Respiration.. ..... ........................... • ..... "i;,/
Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Or
~., ,
of Digestion . ...........
Diseases of the Kidneys, &c.
.. ,
.-•
C'iildbirth, Diseases of the Uterus, &c. ......... ' .
Diseases of the Joints, Bones, and Muscles .......
Diseases of the Skin, &c.

....

Malformations ............................................. -..,
Premature Birth and Debility ...................... ...
Atr0phy.......................................... ,
......

Old Age
Sudden
Violence, Privation,..
. Cold, and Intemperance
Causes not zpecitlect

................... 4

DEATHS THOM ALL CAUSES ............... • .....
Population Deaths in corre. le
Enumerated. aponding week li
wl. of 1854. lit
West Districts
North Districts 490,396
Central Districts 393,256
East Districts 485,522
South Districts
91,

Totals
Males
Females

Males
Females..

Total ..

1,008
470 )
489 /

Mal
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The
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