The Sun.
London, England, 1855-06-05 00:00:00

LONDON, TUESDAY EVEN! M;', JUNE 5, 1855,

I'IONTI'S LECTURES on ANCIENT and
MODE UN SC ULF KIR E.—Th e Second of the se Lectures
will be delivered on WEDNESDAY, June 6th. Subscribers' and
Single Night 3 ickets to be had at Messrs. Colnaghi's, Pall-mall East

SUN LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
London.
SHARE OF PROFIT INCREASED FROM ONE-HALF TO
FOUR-FIFTHS.
Pelicies effected with this Society now will PARTICIPATE IN
FOUR-FIFTHS of the Net Profits of the Society, according to the
conditions contained in the Society's Prospectus.
The Premiums required by this Society for insuring Young Lives
are lower than in many other old-established offices, and Insurers
are fully protected from all risk by an ample guarantee fund, in ad-
lition to the accumulated funds derived from the investments of
Premiums.
Policy Stamps paid by the Office. •
Prospectuses may be obtained at the Office in Threadneedle-street,
London, or of any of the Agents of the Society.
CHARLES HENRY LIDDERDALE, Actuary.

OTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that ROBERT
HEBDEN, of Beverley, in the county of York, wheelwright
and timber-merchant, hath by indenture bearing date the twenty-
third day of M ay. one thousand .fight hundred and fifty-five, con-
veyed and assigned all his Estee and Effects whatsoever unto
JOUR
JOH COUPL AND, of Cherry Bartoll, in the said county of York,
Armor, and SOLO SION SOLLITT, of Beverley, aforesaid, inn-
keeper, as Trustees upo
He n trust, for the benefit of all the Creditors of
him, the said Ebert bden ; and that the said indenture W 95 duly
executed by the said Robert Hebden, John Coupland, and Solomon
Sollitt respectively, on the said twenty-third day of May, in the pre-
sence of and attested by Anthony Atkinson, the younger, of the
borough of Kinston-upon-Hall, attorney-at-law ; and George Sigs-
worth Sheffield, of Beverley, aforesaid, clerk to Messieurs Robinson
and Atkinson, of the said borough of ltinssten-upon-Hull, and of
Beverley aforesaid, attornies-at-law.
ROBINSON AND ATKINSON,
Beverley, June 2, 1855.

THE THIRD ANNIVERSARY FESTIVAL
of the NATIONAL ORPHAN HOME uf it take place at the
STAR AND GARTER, Richmond Hill, on FRIDAY, June 22,
when
His Royal Highness the Duke of CAMBRIDGE will preside.
FIRST ANNOUNCEMENT OP STEWARDS.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Effingham.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Shaftesbury.
The Right Hon. Lord Berners.
The Right Hon. the Lord Justice Knight Bruce.
The Right Hon. Lord Robert Grosvenor, M.P.
The Hon. F. Tollemache.
J. King Kin", Esq., M.P.
Col. aIgSCOIO.
Major rola.
Charles J. Bevan, Esq.
W. Lambert, Esq.
The Rev. J. W. Laughlan, B.A.
Tho vas Lee, Esq.
E. F. Leeks, Esq., F.L S.
The Rev. W. M. Lusignan, M.A.
The Rev. C. Mackenzie, M.A.,
Prebendary of St. Paul's.
Rev. J. W. Markwell, M.A.
, The Rev. H. P. Measor, M.A;
J. J. Mechi, Esq.
W. Parkin, Esq.
John Parson, Esq.
J. Compton Pott, Esq.
J. 1). Powles, Esq.
The Rev. A. J. Ram, M.A.
W. Rogers, Esq.
C. Sawbridge, Esq.
A. Scratchley, Esq.
The Rev. J. L. Seropove, LL.B.
J. G. Sheppard. Esq.
The Rev. Stewart Smythe, M.A.
The Rev. T. Spyers, D.D.
The Rev. H. I. Symonds, LL.D.,
Chaplain to the Forces.
J. D. Troughton, Esq.
The Rev. J. Twining, M.A.
Samuel Walker, Esq.
he Rev. R. Whittington, M.A.
William Woods, Esq.
C. D. Zetterquist, Esq.

C. J. B. Alas, M,D.
H. G. Bohn, Esq.
W. Bridges, Esq.
The Rev. Joseph Brown, M.A.
The Rev. R. Burgh Byam, S.A.
W. Byam Martin. Esq.
Peter Carthew, Esq.
The Rev. Whitmore Carr, M.A.
W. Carter, Esq.
W. Chapman, Esq.
The Rev. J. E. Cos, M.A., F.S.A.
H. Cremer, Esq.
The Rev. G. Townshend Drif-

field, M.A.
The Rev. H. Depuis, M.A.
C. S. I,dgewor h, Esq.
Gordon Forbes, Esq.
G. Grant, Esq., M.D.
Ferdenand Grat, Esq.
J. E. Hadow, Esq.
The Rev. H.J. Hatch, M.A.
The Rev. J. D. Hales, M.A.
H. Harwood Harwood, Esq.
The Rev. tV. Hinson, M.A.
J. E. Hobson, Esq.
The Yen. Archdeacon Holberton,

M.A.
The Rev. Augustus G. How, M.A.
The Rev. T. G. P. Hough, M.A.
The Rev. Thomas King, M.A.,
F.S. &-
The Committee earnestly appeal
possible, many of the orphans left
lence.
All applications for the SI ewardshipS (the number of which will
be limited) must be made before the 9th of June, addressed to the
Honorary r. ecretarics, National Orphan Borne, Ham-common, or to
the Rev. R. Widttington, M.A., Chapter House, St. Paul's
Churchyard, by whom every information respecting the Institution
will be given, as well as by the Rev. Joseph Brown, Rector of
Christchurch, Biackfriars-road.
Ten Guineas will give two life votes at all elections ; five guineas
one vote.

I for help, that they may admit, if
at this time by the war and pestl

SPORTING INTEtLfGENCE.

TATTE RSA L L'S.-MONDAY.

In the early iart of the afternoon business was re-
markably dull. Towards the close the backers of the
favourites for the Queen's Vase stimulated it into con-
siderable activity. For this event 2to 1 waq taken and
offered about Rataplan, 5 to 2 taken freely about 0019-
ton, and 3tol to some hundreds about Chicken. The
Tumbler opened at 4 to 1 taken, but 6 to 1 was easily
obtained afterwards.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

(Four the Times of this day.)
The unfinished debate has been resumed under cir-
cumstances which at first sight offer an unwonted de-
gree of novelty in the elements of the question. For
nearly a twelvemonth, whatever the phases of a nego-
tiation which the public at large scarcely followed, the
war has presented an almost unvaried tenour of unpa•
ralleled preparation, difficulty, and sacrifice. All at
once we seem to be reaping the fruit of our long exer-
tions. The mist seems to be vanishing from our eyes,
and we di:cover how much we have been befooled by a
crafty foe. We enter the Sea of Azoff, we discover it
to be navigable, and we capture or destroy immense
stores collected on the faith of our Western stupidity.
We march up and across the Tchernaya, and find neither
entrenched armies nor clouds of Cossacks, but an open
country before us. Other obstacles have yielded.to our
courage and perseverance, and it is now evident that
the Black Sea and the whole region about it are quite
at our mercy. Does this, however, make any real dif-
ference in the question ? Not to us. The Russians
may take what view of it they think fit. They may, if
they so please, now submit from a naked necessity to
conditions which a month ago would have had some
shadow of grace. They may, if they choose, now avert
an impending catastrophe which a month ago was at
least distant. The case of the Allies, however, is not
materially changed, for they have long shown that pre-
sent success, or the absence of it, does not affect their
stern determination. They have made it their business
to secure at any cost the liberty of Europe, and they
will not desist, either for ill success or good success,
until that object is effectually attained.
But, though there is nothing in the changed aspect of
the war to affect the tone of the British Legislature,
for the cause of truth and the honour of our country
we are gratified to notice one improvement in the de-
bate. Even those who spoke in favour of. Sir W.
Heathcote's amendment last night did not follow
Mr. Gladstone's example in selling the honour of two
noble nations, the argument of Christian charity, and
every great consideration that could be dragged into
the debate, for the mere purpose of assailing a Minis-
terial position. Lord Elcho, one of Mr. Gladstone's
usual supporters, thought it necessary to express the
great pain he felt at the tone of that gentleman's speech,
as diametrically opposed to the universal feeling of the
country, which his lordship himself expressed briefly by
saying that the shortest way to peace lay through the
breach of Sebastopol. In this country we tolerate much
licence and forgive many excesses in the political de-
bater. A year hence, perhaps earlier, it will be for-
gotten that Mr. Disraeli availed himself of the question
of peace or war to lampoon the diplomatic career of
Lord John Russell. But we doubt whether the singular
line Mr. Gladstone has selected will be so easily for-
gotten, or regarded as anything else than an unmitigated
scandal. In the face of all Europe, with the knowledge
that in a few hours his words would be, reported to
every hostile or wavering Court, and that the more pre-
cious grains would be picked out from the alluvial de-
posit of his harangue, he deliberately reversed all the
characters of the quarrel. He assigned to Russia the
pacific and conciliatory part. lie pronounced the proper
objects of the war attained, and our present prosecution
of it unjust, wanton, aggressive, vainglorious, immoral,
inhuman, anti-Christian, alike guilty and unwise,
tempting the justice of the Almighty and provoking the
wrath of Heaven. Russia having, as he said, done all,
and even more than could be expected from her—
having now, with great sagacity and great wisdom,
from the sound application of the principles of common
sense, and, in this case, he hoped also of Cbristianity,
surrendered all her ulterior claims—he proclaimed that
we are now merely playing the game of brag, fight-
ing for prestige, insisting that more blood must be
shed, more human souls dismissed from the light of day, '
more desolation be carried through Christian families
and Christian lands, in order to satisfy the demands of '
military fame. He affirmed that England and France :
had violated the received maxims of justice, and com-
mitted a downright dishonesty, by flying, as he said
they had, from tha terms they originally proposed to
Russia, and meeting her concessions with outrageously
insulting and humiliating demands. He threw upon
them henceforth all the responsibilities of the war.
Twice he attempted to sow the seeds of distrust between
us and our allies, first by intimating that we may be
driven to a war of nationalities—in which case, he said,
we should have to fight alone—and then by a bitter al-
lusion to the French occupation of Rome, which, to say
the least, cannot be more disagreeable to Englishmen
than Austrian domination. Thus, according to Mr.
Gladstone, the Western Powers of to-day are the Russia
of yesterday—as violent, fraudful, unscrupulous, domi-
neering, dangerous to the peace of the world, and liable
to the vengeance of Heaves ; while Russia is now a
meek, submissive, contented, rational, humble-minded
Christian State.

Of course, it is not to be denied that a case might pos-
sibly arise to justify such expressions. A man might,
unfortunately, belong to a country as utterly lost to all
sense of humanity and justice as Mr. Gladstone describes
England and France at this moment • and in that case,
of course, he would do well to take warning from
Mr. Gladstone's prophetic denunciations, and to fly
out of the object of mankind's just abhorrence, and of
Heaven's gathering indignation. Every man may
have to say, "I love my country, but I love truth
more," even though few will be quick to think
that time near. What "hideous" national crime,
then, has imposed on us the terrible necessity of
denouncing our own country to its enemies and
rivals, warning off her possible friends and abettors, se-
parating her Allies, and marking her out alone, un-
friended, hated, and accursed even by her own children,
for the vengeance of Heaven ? Happily for the patience
of our readers, we are not to go back very far for this.
We are not to go back to the origin of the war, nor yet
to the sailing of the expedition, nor to the entrance into
the Black Sea, nor the landing in the Crimea, nor the
siege of Sebastopol, nor the instructions to our plenipo-
tentiary, nor the first of the Four Points, nor the se-
cond ; for in all these matters Mr. Gladstone not only
stood by, but also took part Nor was it a crime against
man and God to insist that Russia shou'd submit to such
a limitation of her power in the Black Sea as should be
necessary for the independence of Turkey. In all this
Mr. Gladstone assented and assisted. Where, then, do
we arrive at the point where everything changes, and
Russia stands at the right hand *1 Heavenly justice, and
we at the left ? We proposed an application of the prin-
ciple simple and obvious enough ; indeed, to most minds,
a natural consequence of admitting the principle of
limitation at all. However, Russia rejected it. She
then proposed her applications, both of which would
have left her at liberty to maintain a fleet of any force
in the Black Sea, constantly overawing the Turkish do-
minions on its shores, and ready at any moment to
pounce down on Constantinople, with no other qualifi-
cation of this substantial power than that Turkey
might have a treaty right to protest against the Russian
fleet entering the Bosphorus, or, as that was not ap-
preciated, England and France might keep as many
ships as they liked in the Black Sea. As to the former
of thee securities, the power of saying "No" would be
but poor artillery against twenty sail of the line ; and
as we were not likely to keep a fleet
of
,always standing sentry over Russia
3,000 miles from hon;:4•
Both these applications of the
point in dispute being th:: s illusory and insulting were
ttohatthefo latter, er,
refused by the allies. There .is the whole basis and jus-
tthifieemataisonmorf. the
Gladstone
ltremendousatel chary lanced
against his coun-
try and her allies. Because we did not straightway
acquiesce in that sensible arrangemearrangement,accept it as a
peac e
Sebastopol,offerin g from
andß u
proclaim
s sia, ca m
o peace,home our
all that is odious in the eyes of man, and abominable in
the sight of Heaven. Therefore, all the miseries of the
war will now rest on our shoulders.
hout we are
rherefor ga;Lant fellows
from,
It is possible Mr. Gladstone and some of his more
zealous supporters may feel all this, and believe all this.
It is possible that this paroxysm of indignation against
his country and all the enemies of Russia may have
arisen naturally, and without any other exciting cause,
out of his surprise and grief at our rejection of the very
gracious terms offered to us by the clemency of the
Czar. It is possible that the accident of Mr. Gladstone
having been in office at the time the Four Points were
constructed, and out of office when the Russian applica-
tions of the third point were declined, may have nothiqg
to do with the present ebullition. The people of Eng-
land, however, we are persuaded, will reason that, even
supposing Mr. Gladstone to entertain a conscientious
conviction that Turkey would continue quite safe and
independent with 20 Russian sail of the line in the Black
Sea, and 200,000 men within a day's march of the Prin-
cipalities—even supposing this, that gentleman must
have his patriotic, or rather anti-patriotic emotions, and
his moral and religious sensibilities very much at com-
mand, if ho can raise such a storm of them against
his former colleagues for feeling rather nervous for
Turkey under such circumstances. It is Russia,
and Russia alone, that has brought things to the
present pass, and if, in the fallibility of human
judgment our ministers have deemed a Russian proposal
insufficient which might have proved sufficient, Russia
herself is to blame for the discredit, and suspicion, and
difference of
misgiving, and dread with which her proposals are re-
garded. Who else has made the prejudice that surrounds
-sr ? But we are quite suie that the people of England
t-t-d r
t.
'stone representativescredit
for naPcaoriniasemieento euvaenif
against
they give
Tit ad attempt to
Mr‘ " have no sympathy, no respect for the tem-
opinion,nich a Jew' months since he was one
wil"ion!
.and
,imprecations he raised
le,• They will set it
le, • - .. down as
pestthe
hv oee fr
constitutional b causeiu g
o'f .
something between the rant of the r.arnati.eaalnd the trick
they be prepared
ofu btehaer stage a
theg e
political actor,or
to "discount" rather heavily y
an future exhibitions of
he kind. msirrkPlit,asanad

(From, the Times of this day.)
If there be one position more thoroughly ridiculous
than another at the present moment it is that of a: espec-
table patriotic German. A great contest is actually going
on, if not on the eve of decision, in which Germanys far
more dseply interested than any other country, and yet
from that contest every German State stands aloof.
France and England are threatened, as it were, from a
distance, but Germany is the Cossack's next meal.
It
we may venture to continue a Tay common-place

phor for a sentence further, we would say that the cloth
is already spread, and the great northern epicure is ready
to take his place at the table. The only reason why
• grace has not been said—grace is always very emphati-
• cally said upon occasions of this kind—is that Herr
• Hermann's two next door neighbours object to the pro-
• ceeding, a little on poor Hermann's account, but far
more upon their own. It is true we are fighting the battle
• of Germany, but the conduct of the very metaphysical
and slow•moving inhabitants of that country has not
• been such as to inspire us with any particular enthusiasm
in their cause. How can you feel respect for grown men,
with ample beards, who sit at home in blessed security,
smoking indifferent tobacco over their stoves, while the
blood of other nations is poured out like water in a
struggle in which they are primarily concerned ? They
may save their skins, they may live to smoke infinite
tobacco, and to absorb infinite Licbfrauen mach and
Bavarian beer ; but they have foresworn the dignity of
manhood. In their case, at least, Russian aggression is
no dream. The German Courts rule the German people
with a rod of iron. The Russian Court rules the German
Courts wit 4 a rod of gold, which will soon pass into one
of steel. It is idle to say that the political action of the
country is only the action of the Governments, and that
the liver of every true German turns white within him
as be thinks of the degradation which such Sovereigns
as the King of Prucsia have brought upon the German
name. The Governments are those which the nations of
Germany prefer or tolerate—they are the acknowledged
representatives in the eyes of Europe of the various
States, and by their action must the character of the
people be judged. Of what profit is it to the world that
young and enthusiastic members of the Burschen interest
roar out catches upon the subject of "Preikeit," that
grave professors exhaust their ingenuity in long treatises
and historical abstractions, that in all questions of art
the Germans are a highly cultivated race—what is all
this to men who are engaged in a death grapple, in which
the Germans should have taken their share, and from
which they have most meanly abstained ?
The very argument which has been so repeatedly
urged by the German Courts in favour of their neusrality
is the very one which tells against them with the greatest
force. Why should they engage in a war ? Why should
they add to the number of the combatants, and contri-
bute their quota to a general conflagration ? The
answer is obvious. Had the great German Courts
from the first thrown their weight into tire scale
in favour of that cause which they themselves had
acknowledged to be just and right, there would
have been no war at all. The Czar would have
drawn back before the armies and fleets of Europe.
Nothing less would have averted a contest. A Quad-
ruple Alliance would have saved the effusion of a single
drop of blood or the burning of a single cartridge. The
Russian ruler was better acquainted than we were with
the nature of his interest at the various German Courts,
especially at that one which has served him with such
desperate tenacity of purpose to the last. The Russian
has been well served at the German Courts ; he has not
thrown a rouble or a diamond snuffbox away. Again,
by a series of dexterous matrimonial alliances he has
converted Germany into a kind of nursery-barrack for
the Romanoff family. The Grand. Duchy of Peruke.
helm cannot be stirred into action because the interest-
ing Grand Duchess Marie Feodorowna is a " scion" of
the Imperial House. Is not the Dowager Empress a
sister of that -King of men who reckons the Great ,
Frederick among his ancestors ? Can you enter any
little trumpery German kingdom or dechy without
stumbling against a Petrowitz. or Paulowitz ? The
unctuous Chamberlain, and the sly " Legation's Coun-
cillor," who endeavour to pump your very thoughts out
of your brain, are mere valets of the Russian Chancery.
The police agents have been carefully secured in the
Russian interest. In fact, turn where you will in Ger-
many, the wind blows ever from the East. Either by
well-conceived marriages, or by bribes and intrigues
with the Ministers, or by courtesies and favours showered
upon the leading families, the Czar attains his end, which
is to paralyse the action of the German people, and to
convert them into the blind instruments of his will. So,
let them wait until his schemes are further developed
and the frontier can be advanced nearer to the Rhine.

All this is humiliating enough, but, in strict justice,
it should only be applied to the governing caste and their
agents. The blame which properly attaches to the
middle and humbler classes is, that their influence upon
the action of their rulers is so feeble that they can-
not compel them to save the national honour.
In 1848-49 they could meet in noisy conclave at Frank-
fort, rave about Schleswig-Holstein, and throw away the
game of liberty, while their hands were filled with trump
cards. When it comes, however, to any rational scheme
for bettering their political condition, they are as tame
and dull as so many flocks of sheep. One would have
supposed that such a point as the destruction of Russian
influence throughout Germany, and the restoration of 4
native policy, was one worthy of an honest struggle.
One would think that a man endowed with any reason-
able degree of foresight might have predicted the conse-
quences of such a change upon the growth of political
liberty throughout Germany. Had it not been for the
terrible weight with which St. Petersburg has pressed
upon every German capital, the stipulations in favour of
German liberty attached to the treaties of 1815 would
not have remained a dead letter. As it is, the Russians
—if we are not much mistaken—will ere long be de-
prived of everything they sought to retain, save their
authority at the German Courts. Why should we seek
to benefit men who will neither help us nor themselves?
The Germans have left us to bear the evil day alone; and
now the best thing the Allies can do is to leave them in
quiet fruition of their Olympian repose. The only por-
tion of the population for which we retain much sym-
pathy is the peasantry. The be 4 advice we can give
them is to escape with all convenient - speed from a
country in which it is vain to look for liberty, prosperity,
or honour. In the ranks of the allied armies they may
fight the battle of their country, and fulfil a nobler des-
tiny than playing the tedious game of soldiering in a
home garrison, or assisting to swell the pomp of a review
for the amusement of their despots. Is the once warlike
youth of Germany never to leave the parade-ground, but
to grow old, generation after generation, in practising
.mimic war, in preparation for a mighty blow which its
rulers will one day strike, but only at the remaining
liberties of-their people ?

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

OXFORD, JUNE 4.

The vacant Trinity Scholarship was this day awarded
to Mr. Hamilton Sabine Pasley (fourth son of Sir Thos.
Pasley, captain in the Royal Navy), from Cheltenham
College. At the same time the Hampshire Exhibition
was assigned to Mr. Edward Saxon Richards, from St.
Peter's College, Radley.
The principal alterations in the Free Statute to be
promulgated afresh in Congregation on Wednesday next
are the reduction of the fee on the B. A. degree from
81. to 71. 103., a modification in the fee for the M.A.
degree, when taken by the present Bachelors of Civil
Law ; a reduction of the fee on the Degree by Diploma
from 211. to 101. 108. ; a reduction of the composition
far keeping the name on the books, together with a pro-
vision that such composition shall take place through
the College, and an insertion of a clause reserving the
rights of the registrar and the clerk of the schools. The
only alteration in the statute for conferring degrees on
persons in the colonies is a distinct requisition that the
exercises required shall be the composition of the person
transmitting them.

The Vice:Chancellor has given notice that a Congrega-
tion will be holden on Saturday next, the 9th inst., aIP
2 o'clock, for the election of a Head of a House to be a
member of the Hebdomadal Council, the voting for
whom will commence at 2 o'clock and will terminate at
3 o'clock. Forms of papers for voting will be supplied
to each college, and may be obtained on the day of elec-
tion in the Apodyterium.

PRICE SD.

THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.

Prom the Times' Correspondent.)

CAMP BEFORE SEBA.STOPOL, MAY 21.
It has been resolved to send another secret expedition
to the eastward of the Crimea, and preparations are
being made at present fa. its departure, which will pro-
bably take place on Wednesday next. Sir George
Brown is to command the British troops, but as yet I
have not been able to learn any particulars respecting
the regiments, the vessels, or the numbers. of the expe-
dition. However, I trust I shall be able to glean some
information on these points ere the post leaves to-mor-
row, but the result of the expedition will be known in
England long before these lines are in print. General
Can robert does not return to France as was imagined, but
retains the command of a division of the French army. I
saw him yesterday riding about with only two orderlies
after him, a'l his appanage of staff officers, spahis, and gui-
dons gone to follow his successor. There are reports of con-
siderable changes being made in the commands of .our
divisions. Sir George Brown will, it is said, resign the
command of the Light Division to become Lieutenant-
General second in command of the British army, and on
the arrival of Lseneral Bentinck a fifth division will be
formed, which will occasion a displacement of Boni° of the
divisional generals, and very probably confer a divisional
command on Major-General Barnard. The cholera has
not made any considerable progress, and the cases which
have occurred are considered by the doctors to be only
spasmodic. We have to lament the loss of Major Norton,
of the 88th Regiment, a young and promising officer,
who served with .his regiment in Bulgaria, and was
present with them at the battles of the Alma and of
Inkerman. On Saturday he was quite well and at-
tended the sale of Colonel Lawrence's effects, which
took place on that day, on the departure of that gallant
officer for England in bad health. On Saturday night he
was seized with cholera, and be died on Sunday morning.
All our butteries 6111,41 admirable order, !And.the effect
of our fire from the second parallel and from the advan-ced
batteries will be tremendous, though our losses from the
enemy's fire at the shortened distance must be propor-
tionally greater than it has been. Hitherto we have
made little use of carcases, a kind of shell perforated with
three boles, out of which the internal composition burns
fiercely, firing whatever it comes in contact with, and giv-
ing forth intense light. The Russians, on the contrary,
have used both carcases and fire balls freely, and have de-
rived considerable advantage from them in their nocturnal
attacks, as they have been able to see our position clearly
while they were shrouded in darkness. From the number
of carcases recently sent up to the front it is to be pre-
sumed we intend to make use of them at the next born.-
bardment. There was a plan some time ago proposed
by an engineer to save us from surprise. It consisted of
wires placed at the distance of a few feet from poles fixed
in the ground, and so arranged as to set fire to blue
lights on being touched, For some reason or other the
project has not been carried out. We have been un-
able to enfilade the Russian works to any extent, owing
to the ravines and the skill of the Russian engineers.

The great object of the attacking engineer is to place
the line of his batteries at right angles to the pro-
longation of the faces of the batteries of the enemy,
and by that means to obtain an enfilading fire. The
Russian engineers have frustrated this object in the pre-
sent instance by the judicious position of their .de-
fences. The prolongations of the faces of the Redan, of
the Garden Battery, of the Flagstaff, of the Round
Tower, and of the redoubts to the east, terminate,
with few exceptions, in ravines, or run at right angles
to positions inaccessible to us. Hence our fire has been

"direct," and has lacked the advanta;es usually derivable
from a choice of ground on the part of the besiegers,
and the points of attack are so widely extended that the
Allies have not been able to obtain any considerable
amount of concentrated fire. It must be remembered
that earthworks, however admirable for the purpose of
immediate attack or defence, are unsuited for perma-
nent defence. They are in a constant state of " break-
ing down," decay and decadence are their inseparable
conditions, and if we were to retire from Sebastopol to-
morrow, and if the Russians were to leave their works
unrepaired, a winter's snow and rain and the action of
the weather in a few months would saon destroy the
works which now represent the aggressive force eF
four nations and the defensive power of one. It is pro-
bable, therefore, notwithstanding the eulogies bestowed
upon earthen works, that if the Allies were to break up
their camp to-morrow and leave the Russians to them-
selves, they would find on returning in a few years that
the lines of the present works would be represented by
solid stone, and that the Redan and Mamelon would be
crowned with redoubts of masonry. It is in consequence
of the rapidly-decaying property of earthworks that our
labours have been so great—they are like a London
house, there is always something or other to be done,
losses made good, repairs effected—they cannot be let
alone for 24 hours. The action of shot and shell upon
them of course accelerates the destructive influences of
the weather and of time—gabions are knocked to pieces
in a moment instead of the willow and twig ribs becom
hag rotten in sun and rain, and parapets fall down and
ditches are filled up by the iron shower more rapidly, but
not more surely, than by the rains of heaven. I need
scarcely say that the statements which have appeared in
some of your contemporaries respecting the establish-
ment of batteries within 180 or 200 yards of Ma,lakhoff
are not correct. There is no parallel armed with mor-
tars or heavyguns within twice that distance of the place
indicated, and the fact of the Mamelon being 560 yards
in front of it (nearly due south of it) sufficiently proves
the absurdity of these assertion. Our nearest parallel
in front of the left attack is more than 500 yards from
the enemy's works, and there we must stop, be-
cause
the Woronzow road runs below the cliff to-
wards which we have pushed our works at the bot-
tom, and the ground is so steep that no earthworks
could be formed upon it. At one portion of this
attack, however, where our lines incline towards the
north to meet the French, we made a curve which brings
us nearer to the enemy, but the ground is unfavourable
fur the construction of batteries. On the right attack
front our lines have been advanced close to the enemy's
centre approaches, but the latter are considerably in
front of the Mamelon and Round Tower. It is said
that one of the privates of the 48th Regiment has given
some very i'aluable information respecting the terrain of
Sebastopol, and has corrected a serious misconception
under which our engineers were labouring respect.
ing the course of a creek in front of the left attack.
The man had been for some years in Russia, and as a
stonemason he laboured at the works of Sebastopol, and
knows every street in it. He pointed out the position
of the terminus of the water-works, and of the
engines working it, and it is now stated that there are
no less than 100 guns all hid from view defending these
works, and raking the Redan, so that had we assaulted
and carried that formidable work we should have met a
fire on which none of our officers bad calculated. The
uncertain reports we receive respecting the strength of
the garrison are most perplexing.
The French here were lately flying large kites over the
Flagstaff bastion, whether to amuse themselves and an-
noy the enemy, or to seeure some practical object, I
cannot say. Their example has been followed, and a
large kite is at this moment soaring gracefully in front of
the Fourth Division. An order has just-been. sent up to
the 71st Regiment to get ready to strike tents and march
to Balaklava at daybreak, which will be rather hard on
some of the men at least, for they will not be up from'
their turn in the trenches till Bor half-past 8 o'clock
this evening. From the circumstance of a large detach-
ment of the Land Transport going, as well as from
the intimation given to the Commissary officers, it is
believed that apart of the expedition is intended to march
across from Kaffa to Arabat. The whole of the com-
munications between the Crimea and the Sea of Azoff to
the eastward, the supplies from Taganrog, and the rein-
forcements from the Caucasian army, &c., would then be
completely cut off by the roads to Simpheropol, Kaman-
Bazar, or Bakshi Serai.
MAY 22.—With daylight this morning the em-
barkation of troops commenced; the smaller ships
of war are at anchor in the bay, and steam-tugs
take the men out into the bay to them. The brave
Highlanders are now nearly all on board. The
French are busy in like manner at Lamiesh Bay
and to-morrow all are expected to meet, when they will
sail away and act in conjunction. Great confidence is
expressed that something will now be accomplished, all
seem in high glee, the light step and cheerful smile of the
gallant Highlander, as he steps upon'the plank, well
betoken the gay spirit and light heart with which he
enters upon this duty. Up to the moment of the mail's
leaving all has progressed satisfactorily, and with great
promptitude.