The Sun.
London, England, 1855-11-26 00:00:00

ENGLAND AND AMERICA.

LIVERPOOL, MONDAY MORNING.
The Baltic has arrived with advices from New
York to the 14th. She has little or no specie.
In reference to the reinforcement of the British
West India squadron the .Netv York Herald
says :
"As we stated two weeks ago the British Go-
vernment are fitting out a new squadron to
strengthen their naval force at Bermuda and the
West India station. The London Times hints that
the object of the increase is to guard against a
threatened descent of the Irish in America on the
coast of Ireland. The loading British journal has
a poor opinion of the intelligence of its readers on
this side of the water if it supposes that this pre-
text will deceive any one here. No one knows
better than the Lundon Times that the people of
Ireland are at present among the most loyal sub-
jects of the Crown—are, in fact, furnishing the
Queen with the bulk of her levies and are quite
competent to repel invasion from Whatever quarter
and without the help of her Majesty's ships.
" The object of the new West Indian squadron
is not to protect Ireland, it is to watch this coun-
try. There are four subjects of pending dispute
between the United States and Great Britain—all
relate to American territory alone.
" To account for despatch of the new squadron
—First, there is Cuba, about which it is understood
that a long and acrimonious correspondence has
lately passed between Mr. Buchanan and the Bri-
tish Foreign-office. The question concerning the
future fate of this island must have been seriously
complicated by the diplomatic arrangernexts re-
cently concluded between the Western Powers and
Spain.
" Next, St. Domingo has given rise to a misun-
derstanding between the two Governments—Great
Britain insisting on the right to interfere in the
affairs of the native authorities ; the United States
resisting this interference on grounds of principle,
and demanding that no foreign Power should pre-
sume to control the Insular Government.
" Then we hear from Washington that the State
Department has received notice from the Minister
to London that the British Government have for-
mally and definitively refused to recognise the con-
struction put upon the Clayton-Bulwer treaty by
the American diplomatists. This opens quite a
number of grounds of quarrel. It may be made to
amount to a positive recognition by the British Gc.
verument of the Mosquito King, and an establish-
ment of a British colony in Honduras. In connexion
with the Walker and Kinney movements in Central
America, it is not unlikely to precipitate a collision
between the British Consular authorities in that
region and the American adventurers who have
migrated there to civilise and colonise the country.
Viewed in its bearings on the recent bombardment
of Groy Town, it may assume the colour of a me-
nace of European interference in case the Govern-
ment of this country should hereafter presume to
meddle with any independent communities or nests
of pirates that may choose to settle on the Central
American coast and claim the protection of Great
Britain. In a word, nullification of the Clayton-
Bulwer Treaty places Great Britain in a position
in which she may at a moment espouse the cause of
either contending party in Nicaragua, and send
her soldiers to expel Walker and Kinney, or take
any other measures which Lord Palmerston may
deem advisable to strengthen British influence and
British supremacy in the countries to the south of
Mexico.

"Finally, it is well understood by England that
the Administration of this country does not con-
template receding from the ground assumed by its
predecessors in reference to the Sound dues ; and
it is conjectured that if Denmark should have the
temerity to attempt to enforce its claims, the
United States would operate, not in the Baltic,
but on the Danish West Indian Islands. St.
Thomas, lying in the line of the future European
and Central American steam-ship lines, would be
a most valuable prize, and it has occurred to the
astute politicians of England that this would be
the point at which a blow would be struck in the
event of Denmark not coming to terms.
" In view of all these contingencies the presence
of a British fleet in the West Indian Islands would
be useful to England, and might operate as a check
on the administration of this country. There are
peculiar reasons why it might be serviceable at pre-
sent. The presidential election is at hand—the
reckless character of the President is well enough
understood in England for the supposition to exist
that if any opportunity offered he would endea-
vour to repeat the Grey Town infamy in the hope
of making capital. From so unsafe a man as Mr:
Pierce—from one who has so little to lose and every-
thing to gain from the contingencies of a general
row, anything may certainly be expected. It
would not be a matter of surprise if we heard
some day that he had fitted out an official
filibustering expedition against Cuba, or bom-
barded and seized St. Thomas, or sent down half-a-
dozen ships to help or capture Kinney or Walker
on the Mosquito shore. He would do anything
that would be likely to make a noise in the world,
and which might, by some strange turn in the
chapter of accidents, give him a gain of popularity
were it to occur during the presidential canvass;
but, if he knew that half a dozen British men-of-
war were cruising off the central American coast,
a dozen Grey Towns may flourish, and a score of
Mosquito Kings might set up colonies with perfect
impunity ; it would bo the same thing with the
Danish colonies. It is likely enough that St.
Thomas would be the point aimed at by the Admi-
nistration, if trouble arose between Denmark and
this country ; but if three or four British ships lay
there, Mr. Pierce would no more venture to attack
it than he would dare to own the Scarlet letters.

" These, depend upon it, aro the real reasons for

the equipmebt of the new British fleet. It is a watch
on the folly of President Pierce, and the move of
Great Britain for our next Presidential election."
The New York Shipping List says,—
" The alarmists of Wall-street have endeavoured
to make a little capital out of what they call the
belligerent attitude of England towards the United
States, but their efforts have not been attended
with very flattering results ; indeed, stocks
have held their own remarkably well, consider-
ing the stringency of the money market, and some
of the prominent descriptions have even im-
proved slightly since our last issue. The London
Times thinks we are filibustering too much, and
talks grandly about the British squadron now in
the Gulf. Sundry American papers have taken up
the same tone, and are greatly incensed. Th e
better-informed journals, however, tell us that it
is only the relief squadron sent out to the West
Indies, and a part of the Baltic fleet sent into
winter quarters. There will hardly be war between
this country and England while bread. is so much
desired abroad. Both nations are a little nettled,
no doubt. The One at unauthorized recruiting,
the other at an imaginary invasion of Ireland ; but
no fighting can come of it, and sensible people
treat the fulminations of the Times with indiffer-
ence."

The New York Herald states that in connexion
with several articles and letter taken from news-
papers upon the subject of the reinforcement of the
British West Indian fleet, an address had been
published to the Irishmen of Pennsylvania, signed
by the presidents of the four societies of Philadel-
phia, calling upon their countrymen to organise in
every city, town, and hamlet. The object to be
attained by organising is studiously kept in the
dark.

The New York State Election had resulted in
the success of the Know-nothing candidate. The
same party was successful in Massachusetts, Mary-
land, and Louisiania, and had gained a victory at
New Jersey.
In reference to the Danish Sound Dues, the New
York Herald says :
" The question comes to an issue on the 14th of
April next. The first American vessel that then
goes to the Sound on a Baltic voyage will ascertain
for us whether Denmark will submit or not.

" We do not see how Denmark can yield without
losing all right to the Sound dues from all other
nations who have have treaties placing them on the
footing of the most favoured nations, or without
striking her flag at once to the United States. This
we cannot expect, and it is more than we in justice
can demand. If Denmark is weak it is the more
our duty to be magnanimous.
From Nicaragua we learn that General Walker,
as Commander-in-Chief of the Democratic Army in
occupation of Grenada, had concluded a treaty of
peace with General Corral, acting on behalf of the
forces and people adhering to the Comerro party.
Reinforcements had arrived from San Francisco.

Thu Empire City and Northern Light had ar-
rived at New York with later advices from San
Francisco, South Pacific, and Central America,
and 1,654,062 dollars in gold dust.
The Golden Age left San Francisco on the 20th
inst., with 1,000,000 dollars in gold on freight.
The Washington correspond, at of the New York
Courier refers to the reinforcement of our squad-
ron, and says—

"This is a gratuitous imputation upon our Go-
vernment. The vigilance and energy, the perfect
good faith of this Administration in maintaining
its obligations towards all foreign Governments,
cannot be denied except by those ignorant or care-
less of the truth.

"It is understood that Commodore Paulding
has been summoned to Washington on business of
the highest importance. He has arrived this
morning. He will doubtless aid in making up
his own instructions. The occasion is of the greatest
importance. The commander of the Gulf Squa-
dron must necessarily be invested with the highest
responsibilities, and with corresponding powers ;
in his hands will be placed the duty of vindicating
the right of the country, and perhaps of repelling
insult. Orders high, and informed, have been
given for the concentration of a powerful naval
force at or near San Juan, and the utmost activity
is displayed in fitting out the vessels designed to
compose it. The Merrimac, the first of the new
steamers likely to be finished, will be prepared for
sea with all possible expedition.
" Another supposition, not less probable, is, that
as the Clayton and Bulwer treaty has been, after
more than two years' discussion, just abrogated,
this fleet may be intended to take forcible posses-
sion of Greytown, expel Kinney and his colonists,
and restore the authorities which Captain Hollins
found there.

" And there is still a third explanation of the
movement, which appears natural and obvious
enough—it i 5, that a secret tripartite treaty exists
between France, Spain, and England for the de-
fence of Cuba, and that Spain has insisted upon
the despatch of this fleet as a proof of the sin-
cerity of her allies. If it is the purpose of the
British Government to make a demonstration in
support of their pretensions in Central America
serious work may be expected. Our position is
such that we would be obliged in that case to sup-
port the Filibusters on both coasts against these
European invaders. Let but the word be given
by the Government and thousands of gallant ad-
venturous spirits will rush to the standard of the
latter to repair the arrogance of foreign interven-
tion. 1,000 men aro already organised in Cali-
fornia to support Walker, and thousands more iu
all parts of the country are eager to join Kinney
the moment the interdict of our Government which
stamps his enterprise with illegality is removed.
The Mosquito Protectorate is an obsolete idea, and
so is the notion of a European Protectorate over
Grey Town and the great line of overland com-
munication within the two oceans."

At New York trade was limited; there was a dis-
position to contract obligations. The banks were
less inclined to discount freely, so that large amounts
of good business notes had been forced into the
streets at comparatively high rates of interest.
There was a smaller decrease in the reserve than
was anticipated.
The demand was active for money, and rates
were quoted. at 10 to 12 per cent. Exchange was
107 i to 1081.
The stock market was firm. In cotton there
had been an advance of 3 ; for bread stuffs there
was a better feeling. Freights were inactive.

An elegant monument has just been erected in the
Wellington Chapel to the late Captain Sir Robert New-
man, of the Grenadier Guards, one of the heroes of
Inkerman, by his brother, Captain Sir Lydston Newman.
It is of pure Carrara marble, and the design is extremely
good.
WHOLESALE DESTRUCTION OF SPARROWS.—At the
anniversary dinner of the Cricklade Sparrow Club, on
Saturday, two members, Messrs. Plummer and Forris,
produced 5,812 sparrows. Mr. Plummer (who had killed
3,696 of these) received 103., and Mr. Forris ss.—Wilts
Independent.
The Banking Almanac and Directory for 1856, edited
by Mr. D. Morier Evans, has just made its appearance,
and maintains its character as a useful publication. In
addition to the information requisite for the special
classes to which it is addressed, it contains an annual
chronology, a succinct retrospective, and a list of the
failures for the past year, together with the balance-
sheets and statements of the principal houses.—Times.
The specie arrivals of the week have been almost en-
tirely limited to 175,0001. from New York, the whole of
which was for France. The shipments have included
300,0001., chiefly in silver, to the East. Next week it
is hoped the arrivals may be very large, 500,000/. being
expected from Mexico, besides heavy amounts by the
fleet of Australian vessels overdue.
Lord Glentwortb, son of the Earl of Limerick, was
inspecting a powder-flask by candlelight on Friday night,
when a spark from the candle ignited the powder, the
flask exploding violently, and so shattering his lord-
ship's right hand that the thumb only remained attached
to it by a shred of the skin. His lordship's other hand,
and his face and chest, were also injured by the explo-
sion, but not dangerously.
STORM AND Loss OF LIFE AT MEssiNA.—The follow-
ing is an extract of a letter from Messina of 16th No-
vember :—" The weather has been very bid during the
past week. On the morning of the 13th inst. we had a
most terrific storm, which lasted from half-past 4 o'clock
till 10 a.m. The damage done is incalculable. Many
houses in the suburbs, as well as churches in the neigh-
bourhood, have been carried away by the torrents. The
loss of life is terrible. The full particulars are not yet
received. At Fiume de Nisa it is reported that 200
lives have been lost.
THE ALLEGED OVERTURES or RUSSIA.—The Court of
St. Petersburg has communicated proposals of peace to
the Emperor of the French, and the Emperor, in intro-
ducing them to the consideration of her Majesty's Go-
vernment, has declared his opinion that the contemplated
terms are satisfactory, and that the spirit in which they
are offered by Russia is sincere. We are credibly in- -
formed that a large party in the Cabinet has received
these proposals by no means with disfavour. Yet, we
regret to say, it appears probable that through adverse
influences they will meet with discouragement, and per-
haps ultimately with absolute rejection.—Press.
FALL OF A BRIDGE.—On Tuesday afternoon last, an
occupation bridge across the railway from Bishop Auck-
land to Crook, and near the Beechburn station, suddenly
fell in. Six farm horses with three men and boys were
passing along it, and they were all precipitated to the
bottom on to the railway. One of the horses was killed
on the spot, but the others miraculously escaped, and
only one of the men was seriously injured. It was a
wooden bridge, havir i
g metal plates along it, and had
been for some in a tottering state, the timber after the
fall appearing in many places quite rotten. The lives of
the men and boys were saved owing to their not falling
through. If they had fallen through, they would inevi-
tably have been killed, from the weight of timber and
metal which would have fallen upon them. The mail
from Crook was detained about half an hour, until the
way was oleared,—Durhant Advcrtiler.