The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1818-07-18 00:00:00

AGRICULTURE.

Snell an excessively hot and sultry midsummer, with
drought of PO lung continuance, was scarcely ever remrm.
bereft; it has enabled, however, the farmers 10 get up their
heavy crops of hay in excellent order, though the 54 CUM'
crops of clover must be say deficient. Except ou the up-
lands and very light soils, the wheats have stood the sharp
drought better than could have been expected, and in the
marshy conotiy, in particular, look uncommonly will, and
will e.•me to the sickle at least a fortnight earlier than usual.
The Barleys, even if we have rain antis, ■re nut expected to
be more than half a crop, and will he wily short in the
straw. The Beans and Pease look by no weans prondsln:.
Some of the early sown Turnips will be fit fur the 1•ok Lent
week, but the fly has commenced its depredations iu tutor
places, and many acres of summerley still remain to he
sown. The heavy lamik were never known to be so pso elicit
and cracked as at this time, from the severe drought—hut
let us hope the uld adage may prove true—
" That England's drowthe
Neer hunger brought.•"
The price of wool has taken a great start'. Half-bred wou I
is said to be worth from 110 s. to eta. per kid.
There was a heavy rain towards Fakenham on tl e '2oth
ult, but it did not extend to Dereliam and its vicinity.
On Sunday last, about own, there was such a fall of rain
fur shout an hour at Taverham, St. Faith's, Felthoir, and
adjoining parishes, that the road: were for some live im-
passable, but near this city their was wily a heavy chose,
ur two of short duration. The cloud appears to have ex-
tendrd towards Bungs, and that neighbourhood, whwit
much rain fell.

HOODING Of Stteatts.—As a dry triloolef Is often fol-
lowed by a wet autnntn and fickle harvest, we think we
cannot do our agricultural friends a ffttliter scoria', than by
deans recommending and explalniug that excellent method
of securing the wheat crops, which has long been success-
fully adopted in the Wesi of Euglainl, and which was found
so beneficial by those farmets who flied it last year in this
county :—Make a cap or hood of two wheat sheaves to cover
the other eight ; the two sheaves of the common size for this
cap, must be cut the whole length of the straw, and *Leis
made into one, tied with a bond close up to Ilse hip; ihis
other sheaves Intuit then be contracted into a inure 90161
form, that the cap extended may hang over mid visit
the whole completely, adjusting the top of it au that the
can of the cap will fall sideways of and arnsss earls
other, as the stiffness of the straw naturally directs them;
this will prevent the rain from penetrating Howse' the
cover, and of course the whole will be Kept dry. It will
also prevent much loss by the cum shelling when exposed to
too ranch wet; it will protect the grain from sloe birds in a
great measure, and will save the trouble and loss occassious d
by unbiudiog the sheaves and binding them op again, whirls
most be done if they he left wholly exposed to the occa-
sional heavy rain which runs quite through them.
There was a good 'apply of wheat at our market on Sat sir.
day last, which obtained much the same price as last neek ;
but barley was about Is. per coolish cheaper.
The stew of cattle on the Hill, both Highlands sad
ilomebreds, was plentiful, and they maintains d their prir...
Lambs continue much in dcrnaud, and sell well.—( Nosfulle
Chronicle

I'

sE7nimEn7 or rim row?.

TO THE EDITOR OF TILE BRITISH TRESS.

Ste—llaviiig seen in your Paper of the lit of
i oi. that Mr. S. Bourne had moved in the House
f *ro 000000 0114 for leave to bring is a Bill to amend
e l.'s's, of Settlement of the Poor, end the repoot
o his rower+ on that OrCIIIIIOO, I am I.lllllCen in
rarisinit snot the following remarks and 01 • • -
;•os tour myself ensue acqnaintence with this *obi et.
1.1 they' meet your teleprolbot ttttt
you alit
, ton,. a constant reader of retie voinettle Joortonl,
I v giving them publicity ; end, I trust, this re-
fittest will not he deemed impertinent, since 1 sun
Jely art 114/eil by a desire of proving in some
vie server:4lde to the community.
It flows lint spinals. certain whether the proposed
law contempletee is residence ordure years eft to ser-
toot or an apprentice, in • tenement of la animal
i or up ,is nit estate, or abetter 31 let.ideinre of
Pore vese4, xirhnitt reference to any other act. I
presume the latter to be what is intended, end I
think it does not require much argument to prove
that such a proori+ would he a ery Itnpulit s mom-
sore in the present increased state or the ()ovule-
'ion of this country. For it must appear to every
nor, that the greatest number of births, 111141 the con-
tinual and greatest acquisition of this new species of
•ettlenient, would happen in populous districts, and
comiequentli it would have the effect of comfit:Mg
the mehotemeoce of the poor to populous wool 11111•1.
1114101 lOW lia ; end nu that account alone
would be noteinfed-with veer baneful comtequencow.
fled it not hero for the grad dispersion of the poor
dreing the WC floprea4lllll of trade (however ilieoll4.
4411..111 it might be to themselves), by removing
them to dis•alot settlenienta, such towns would
hive been almost entirely rerlorceri to a state of
pan-
'erieo%. I would instance the County of Lancaster.
'lshis then would appear to be the great objection
against than ~.traded provision; gird in answer it may
be envoi, that those towns which benefit by
the labour of its inhabitants, ought in justice to
monition' them in a state of poverty. But that is
referring to local advantages only, and not to general
ones ; for I contend that it is not manufacturing
towns alone that derive a benefit from the labour
more immediately employed there. since the money
which is pond by the manufacturer to the labourer
ie expended in the consumption of agricultural
produce, which comes from all parts of the king-
dons; NMI It consequently follows, that that labour
is employ, el ari much for general, as for local
benefit. I OM aware that this may be used as an
nrgiimetot for the maintenance of the Poor by a
loomed fond, and that, perhaps, is the most equi-
table method of providing fur them ; but t here are
too enmity obstacles to the establishment of such a
fowl, and the greatest are, that it would afford a
seam; inducement to idleness, profligacy. and
raereticy. It ought oleo to be remembered, that
tle Act which relnired a three-years residence was
wooly when the then population of this kingdom
bore no comparison with the present; and it may
be teen, that as the population increased, it was
reamed to one year, and subsequently to 40 days.
The exception that an act of felony shall deprive
a mall of a settlement by residency, appear* to me
to be entirely futile. If such a deprivation would
tend to prevent Guth acts. it would be a very bane.
heist law ; but 1 cannot see how it would have that
effect, for men guilty of such offeoees are generally
very indifferent where their settlement is, since
they must be maiutained somewhere. Indeed it
would be depriving a family of the right to roulade-
urine in a erten, 'duce, by an act to which iu
may cases they would be in no way privy, and as
such it would be evidently unjust.
1 lie theme iiitending to suspend the removal of
* pottper to case of appeal until the appeal be de-
voted it quite ridiculous. Every our at all con-
y. none in parhlt law well knows. that an appeal
, see happens till an actual removal takes place.
for that i 5 tile act which constitutes the grievance,
hy compelling the inhabitants of the panels to pro-
vide for the maintenance of those who they judge
see not entitled in it, and this is the grievance wheel'
givo a the or appeal.
It i. a source of great complaint, and very justly
Illat poppers, On the application for relief. are,
by rxisnng laws,immediately removed to their set.
dement, which is oftentimes at a great distance,
and by the Act they are very frequently taken from
thee count sews to a place where they are wholly
unkstowil, tool where it is generally very difficult to
procure employment fur them in those trades to
which they have been accustomed. But would not
the most equitable veil feasible amendment be to
r into, that in cotes of temporary want of employ, or
illness. two Magistrates should be empowered to
make an order upon the parish wherein the person
guider such circumstances should be settled, to re-
pay such ruin as they ehould think fit to the over-
seers of the perish, who should have advanced the
telief in the lint Master, the Magistrates at the
same time maim% au order to dispense with the
actual rettnoval of the pauper, touch money to he
levied by distress in case of emu payment; and if
Cite panels should be out of the jurisdiction of the
111agetrateso, the order to be made upon the tree.
sorer, ati %tint lately done for the relief of militia-
memo's fannlies, and to be recovered in the same
inaotirr, and also limiting the aluoitut of the sum
nowt, 'Mould give a right to appeal ?
A -other source of complaint is, the frequency
era! :11..tat Xileinle of litigation; but it is in von, to
eiriv• io, 'invent it entirely, and I think I am
a„.t ;iogolar in remarking, that this grievance is
not no he atilibisted so muck to the Acts which
esiahttsited the present system of Pour 'Awe, as
to no: dot.i4ioll4 alin:11 have beets determined upon
tsars hire beets decided directly the reverse
of rat.:ll usher, or at least the different e in some of
tiir in la tot ilnitilte lam to be totally insperceptible to
coon. sioiderstartilingr. This has brew the evil,
ol the same evil exists its teesoy 'other cases. If
the Lee,slatuie used negative words inure fre-
,joieto I% itan4l,l he or swoolt.
It i• K. m tails agreed that the beiorfit which a
pieta sl' err anti. fruits a man% prows's! labour gives
11.:,i) the Natal Una heat Wir to a arldriati.l.4 its
11.41 11..r:.h, a:11 u right tor meintettence by its
i..h..homi,t%. owl I have before attempted 4., chew
„..at 11-.1 basis tit is not so lurid as It 44 00 ld at liist
4•••••1, to lie. Perhaps the beitelit derives' from
salt u'4l talouur, is more best oleo any other,
au, ;..:A is ina,:c ia;uaL:e by iu

. 11.1
"l'r", men' rend col timoticie, is rec. nOt aII oct oat-
i cots but a fi sett nod Is-isnot redeeming... The lm-
practicability or iinponey estabilattleig a
ua-
t.unal f I, regimes that the distribution' of
bettsrmeffis alvottld he as • quo, as possible, I*-
t "'test the a4rienttlientilitt Iltantiftetureetx interenin.
uoll I submit, that the beat Method of producing
this is, by iolforillent n multiplicity of means, by which
settlements .1 Id he acquired. Stich are the effects
oof prireriphs of the existing lowa upon this soh.
jell, alit,, line/ever Morse law, 'limy he moidili.ll
mud amen:hi,
.11 think it would hr very unwire
to repeal them, both lovatise the priiietples oil
whorl, thee nee (mood. d tire just nod, politic,
and ',seam., thee hare been linig`tolorra mid meted
upon,. f.wuold obvert.. that. properly spenkttig. it
risionnt. Iv said that it is labour that gives u man a
right to Settlement, by residence on his own estate,
.or nn a Isuurneent of 10!. sal value ; I presume
it is his' t mitrihntion to the taxes and poor rates,
nod the money lee expends in the parish by the
emisumptiou of himself and family, coupled with
his other interests, which gives him a title to malts•
temince by the inhabitants of the some pariah, when
he is relitteed to it Wee of pauperism.
it is with elite deferetive that, through your np-
probatinie, I submit the following to the notice of
the public, and for coincidence of opinion I rely
uncut those who view the subject with candour and
drlilecratSfs ~
That tell children, whether legitimate or illegiti-
mate. should hake the settlement of their parrots.
lolly stain etc children are now generally settled in
the psi isle is here they ewe born, but this is oftentimes
Ili? ratite of great injury mid ill-treatment to the
mother. mid of great tseti.tentlein between parishes.
That let case the sett leetituit of the immesh' could
not be ricertnineol, then to have recourse to the
place of birth awl sett lemeillA to he ;mined.
Ist. Br actual *mire for one year, whether it hr one en.
tire hiring.. or onus !Mines sin evasively, without an inter-
ruptiou of more than two n ..... thee, and the service to be in
the same pariah; bit in case of severs' years service indif-
ferent parishes. the settlement to be et here the last entire
year's service Amnia be performed. This wonld do away
with Ilse question of what voila mitre an kirlag, and the
period fur wish h it it entered into, and also the doctrines of
dispensation and dissolution, all which are now fertile
smarm of litigation. Vie may look in vain in the present
Settlement Act. for these questions: it is in the decisions
of the Courts of taw that we shall and thirsts, and it is there
they originated. According to the eliectrine of • right or
title to settlement by labour, it would follow the settlement
should be in the parish which reerives the moat labour;
but this would be attended with ill consequences, as per.
sons generally settle and form their connexions in or very
near the place where their servitnele tee initiates.
Stilly. By anpreolireship, but nu settlement to be acquired
unless there thould hr one yenr's service in one place; and
in case of several year:. service in different places, the set-
tlement to he in that parish where the last whole year's
service should happen to be performed. That for the pur-
pose of acquiring a settlement, the consent of the first
tower fur the apprentice to arise with any second, or
other master. shoot.' he given in writing, and the same
service to be requisite to gain a settlement under the
consent in another parish as aids the original master.
This would in a greet measliee destroy the doctrine of
coneent in its present intricate state, whit', contributes
to very much litigation. There wmihl still remain the tines-
lion open the vaiblity of the indentures, which is also s
notch divided point, and therefore I sabasit that it should
be provided that all contracts, defective as cuestracts of ap.
prenticeship, should, fur this purpose, enure and be efiec,
tire as contracts fur the preform/ince of service; for every
one will we that the service would still be performed—then,
why should the person he deprived of that which he would
have 'clerked if eincand under another denomination'
To prevent a too great increase of settlements, by servi-
tude, in nuntufactooing towns, I would propose, that in ma-
nufactories, where more than fifty or one hundred servants,
or apprentice's, should be employed at the same time. all
suck servants or apprentices •hould not acquire settlements
by reason of such service, boo should take their prior settle-
ment. And it perhaps would lee bent finial to reqnire manu-
facturers to make oath helore hen Magistrates ou a certain
day iu every year, of the slumber of their servants and
apprentices when they should amount to more than the
hundred number, which oath should be recorded and filed
with the Clesk of the Peace, and should be • decisive proof
of the number employed.
idly. lip ocempalion and residence upon a tenement of
Ilse annual rent of 10/. fur the skate of one year, and in case
of the occupation of differ. sit tenements, all to be in the
same parish, tool residence in any one tenement, to be inef-
ficient, and that it should be declared abet should consti-
tute a tenement, negativing generally all other cases. This
species of settlement is now too easily acquired by the short
time requisite for occupation, ter residence, I hate, there.
fore, proposed a year's which, perhaps, might
be further extetieled.and the annals/ omit increased lu 151.
or 20f. I think that the=e alterations wonld entirely abolish
the much litigated qursti 111 l a respecting the wart and kind
of tenement, and would stud to pierced the frauds which
are now practised.
etthly. fly resident* storm, and actual occupation of, an
state, whether acquired Icy descent or operation of law, or
hey purchase, and to be of the se ems- annual value as the rent
or a tenement. The rawer of the estate to be at all time*
irremoveable whilst resident in she pas ish, even if antler that
value, and whether oecupied personalty or not. Perhaps, if
the value was very small, this would be an injustice, and
the best remedy might be, to enable Magistrates to order re-
lief from the parish where such persons should belong, in the
same manner as in the tempos ice roses before-mentioned.
It is well known that this settlement aid not originate by
au Act of Parliament, but by the decisions of • Court of
Law. It is nevertheiess a pounce method of acquiring a
settlement. lam arose that accurdeug to my proposition,
the qttestion of robot wool,' again recur ; but I suggest that
to entitle the owner, being occupier alto, to a stills anent, be
should give notice to the eirertrcis of the parish, that at each
• time and Once he won't attend before two Magistrate/4
said make proof tiptoe oaths, that tlee annual value of his
estate was sufficient to ,squire hem a settlement ; sod if he
should prove the s; the Magiatrates to record it, and
afterwards file it with the Click of the Peace, a certificate
front wham should be catterhmiSe eVitittece of the value.

These are the principal propositions which,
through your medium, I would now offer to the
public, tl gli there are others which reflect these
laws iii a more remote degree ; but it is my opinion,
that to effect a wise, nolnic, and just alienation in all
the branches of the l'our's 1.3W4, requires consailera-
ble tunic, and the applicatiuu of the hest tilesits iu
the country.
I crave c our pardon fur the ettraordinary length
to winch 1 have extended Ills sub', et, and •hull
conclude with expiessing en aialuus wish that so
this instance I may Ur.
IDUNEVS PATRIAt.

The reeeone cow itoor is to imps ove. In the course
of the Iv.' week, she isieseade is .tditd to hove h-eu
at the roc o 1 lairm 101) to i 50,00411.. owl the ang•
svini ininkliailty in the Cortaro's..
The .Ith.eksr"..re, mu her ins. sage to liiellibuotto.
Yell Ito with d ice-berg to lat. 44. N. laang..so.
'24. W. am the Altiy lo.t. It w.as the only
our they ran' On Ole pdsrago.: loot several o.lois,r
oloch arrived .n that port prretouoly to the Ihokr•
CF.' odor ‘o dote tidya kit the it. on
ths. 4.• • ai;

•
P7II3tENTING MR DRY ROT IN rivniat.
Mir with pleasure Me reasmonieale the folloWing im-
Porn," inleillCcuss :--•Dortise. Thomism whom Om Millie
'recoil( et so have formerly receive. a diassmust ring from
Alexamicr. Emperor of Russia, ois acesinut of his botanical
tliscustries. has been actively 'opt. 01 for several years
pa;t, in ineventiing the dry rot iii timber ; and his profess
consists chiefly in removing she sap from timber; and for
this purpose Government has aff6,11441 him every facility, as
the tilluwiog letter received by that Gentleman on the Bab.
jest sill chew:—
terse TO It 3. issoftsvon, K D,
Alice Hull Lodge, gone b, IRIS.
Sta—in the absence of Mr. Wise, I am directed by hiin to
examine tettera, Le. addressed to him on floverionieut husk
nem After perusing yours of the 271 h ult. stoccesting
profess for ihr prevention of the dui; ro! in tinibvr, I trans.
misted it to the Board of Wuuds, 47. c &c. fur 11w opinion of
the Commissioners. I fool it returned this ,lay, wills on
order to cot 11w decorticated oaks in Alice hull Forest
nearly to thrir base, and to fell and raise them from she
ground in the (winner as stittgesird in your letter. The trees
in question will be cot rumot in about ten slays after, when
you may eapeet to hear from Mr. Wise or me again.
1 have the honour t.. remain, Sir,
For C. F. WISE,
Your most obedient Servant, •
LATH. ETT CJ 0110 N.
Time decorticated oaks of the !toil Forest base under.
gune this inures+ in a peculiar msnose.i. mid have rensaMed
to season upwards of nice years on their roots.

37 /I E TN.

CORN EXCHANGE, rRIDAV, Ji,f.V lt.

Our tr.arket continues th be well •nlopLed ut,h all kinds
of goal's. eo•4s.•gaently the vale*, both no .I 1 MIA tout•,
were doll, •nd 2+. per gunner lower. husky is dull, at our
l+st quoted ph ices. Peat.e and Root% rapport Ilousti)',4
Plicts. lu otlwr kin& of zll4lll throe is uo 311.r41

CIIIOO'NT PRICE.% OF GRAIN.
Foreign Wheat .. 6la 71a Grey Pi v.., s:l‘ rol4
F.llll. ditto
fnghah Wheat
Fine ditto
(lid ditto ...... 16.4 j Small ditto 'l5S On

Nye ' ...—s 4i, Oil d;11„ —N —4
Fine ditto .....--ii 501. reed 4 hkt .4 •• • • .... .32,, :01s
Barley , . 40a itots Fine ditt... a 404
Fine ditto ..
New ditt0....... ..--s —s Fine Wm.. —s lie
Nflit 6.75 a /464 I'mn OP tilt NI. ...... 41. 4N.
Fine ditto
White Prase (bui ler.) Ms 63s I Fine Fliiar 75. snit
Fink. ditto --a 004 BrigniLs

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