The Sun.
London, England, 1855-05-30 00:00:00

Irti.E SUN') LONDON? WEDNESDAY EVENING MAY 80 1855

ti 90
A.•., •
st, : ;

THE TURKISH CAVALRY IN THE

Lthsing
Compan

Closing P-ice,
this day.

Busir et"
this day,

CRIMEA.

EUPATORIA, May 14. Yesterday morning a
Russian Lancer of the Harovsky Regiment came
over with horse and arms. He was conducted to
the cavalry camp, where he became, as you may
easily imagine, an object of curiosity and interest.
After the Colonel of the regiment which had been
the night on outpost duty and which brought him
in had examined him, he was taken to the tents of
the soldiers, where each vied in allowing hospitality
to the new corner.
Russian deserters are on our side of the Crimea
rare birds, but rarer even are Turkish deserters.
During the time that the Turkish troops were here
not more than one deserted. I mentioned it at the
time. He had chosen his time well : it was during
an armistice, while a conference was taking place
between.. the Russian and Turkish Commanders of
outposts about the exchange of prisoners. He was
supposed at first to be a Tartar, but afterwards
found to be an Egyptian officer.
Yesterday, the weather being unfavourable for
practical exercise, the superior officers, from the
major upwards, were called together for a theore-
tical lesson. I am afraid theory will never mend
things, for the Turks are not a theoretical people.;
and however well they may arrange the longer and
shorter pieces of wood representing squadrons and
pelotons on the table, they will only be bewildered
if they have to apply knowledge thus acquired to
real squadrons and pelotons. Most of the officers
work on theory alone, and knowing nothing of
practical difficulties, they fall into absurdities. For
instance, the other day at a manoeuvre the question
arose which would be the best way to retire after
a charge.. Some were for "threes or fours about,"
others for turning by pelotons. 'Now, whoever saw
a good cavalry charge in reality must only smile at
this. Let any one who made the cavalry charge
at Balaklava be asked bow he returned, and he
will answer "As best I could." In such a mo-
ment of maddening excitement all that can be done
is to collect again the men and make them form
around a common centre, which is usually the
standard guard which does not charge, or else, as
the Russians do, or, at least, as they are ordered to
do, to charge through and form on the other side.
I think the best—at any rate, the most practical—
instructions for the Turkish cavalry when charging,
would be one in the style of the answer which,
during the late Hungarian war, an old hussar
gave to a recruit going through the sword exercise,
who, after having learnt all the cuts, asked how
he had to parry the cuts of the enemy, and to whom
the old hussar answered, "Never mind the parry-
ing ; only you cut, and let the other parry." So
the instruction for the Turkish cavalry ought to be,
" Never mind about returning ; only you charge,
and make the others turn."
But, instead of following a few such simple and
clear rules, which would he easily understood by
every one, the poor Turkish cavalry, men and
horses, are made to perform all the numerous evo-
lutions prescribed by their cavalry manual. This
manual is a translation of an old French hand-
book, made for heavy European horses, entirely
different from the small but fiery Turkish horses.
They are excellent riders so far as sticking on
goes, and falling from or with the horse, without
which scarcely any great cavalry manoeuvre takes
place in Europe, is unheard of in the Turkish
cavalry. In order to get up full speed he pokes
his rusty spurs into the sides of his steed and
throws him back on his haunches by pulling as
hard as he can on the heavy bit, by which he pro-
duces a forced irregular jumping, and drives the
spirited horse to a degree of excitement quite in-
credible, then he leans forward with his body and
goes off madly.
They are all entire horses, most of them young,
and nearly all with a good deal of Arab blood in
their veins. Quiet as sheep when they are
alone, they get fearfully excited in company, and
fall immediately into a kind of jogging walk.
Under these circumstances, a regular trot becomes
impossible even for the best rider. Regular move-
ments, as European cavalry understand them,
would be only possible by breaking the ardour of
the horses, and what would these small-sized
horses then do in a charge against weighty Dragoon
horses ? Their only chance is in the celerity and
violence of the impetus ; take that away, and they
become baggage ponies.
The people who formed the Turkish cavalry
seem not to have known themselves whether they
would form a light or a heavy cavalry. The Turkish
cavalry is neither one nor the other. It has not
celerity enough for the first and not weight enough
for the second. The horses are, indeed, fleet and
enduring enough for the best light cavalry in the
world ; but on the backs of those horses are tall,
strapping fellows, heavily armed, and drilled like
French Chasseurs and Lancers. The idea seems to
have been, Lancers and Chasseurs in France form
the light cavalry ; consequently, if we organise
them as they are we shall have, a light cavalry. They
are, indeed, light cavalry in comparison with Dra-
goons and Cuirassiers, but, in comparison with
Turkish horses, their orses aro heavy.
If, instead of adopting the heavy, unwieldy lance
of European Lancers, which they do not know how
to wield, and which is rather an encumbrance than a
weapon, they had kept the light cane lance from the
banks of the Tigris, with which the Arabs hit the run-
ning bare and the fleetgazelle—if, instead ofimitating
the European sabre and arming themselves with that
nondescript toy-like weapon called a Turkish ca-
valry sabre, they had stuck to their scimitars,
which they knew how to handle—if instead of try-
ing to stretch their legs and to balance the stirrup
they had sat down in their saddles as their fathers
did—if, instead of learning to trot or to retire en
echelon, they had been taught to make the most of
the speed and agility of their horses—if they had
been accustomed to scour the enemy's country
with that marvellous celerity which seemed to im-
part to the old Spahis the character of übiquity—
if they had confided their evolutions to bold skir-
mishing, to rapid forming and charging at any
point of the line of the enemy—then the Turkish
cavalry would be what it ought to be—one of the
most formidable cavalries in the world.

SUN OFFICE, h'even o'clock.

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- 99

- 102

MANCHESTER. RACES.

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(THIS DAY.)

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(BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.)
TRA.FFORD HANDICAP.

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Dame Judith .

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Blo3som objected to, and Dane Judith gets the stakes.

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UNION CUP.

Early Bird
Orinoco

Hercules

Seven ran.
PRODUCE STAKES.

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Ellermire .
Vandal ....

94 - 96

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SAPLING STAKES.

Heir of Linne
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CITY PLATE

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Bourgeois

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- 33

THE RUSSIANS IN THE CRIMEA.

Without falling into the fond error of underrat-
ing a newly-defeated adversary one may entertain
the conviction that after all that we have lately
heard of the efficiency of the Russian army in the
Crimea, and after mouths of downright strenuous
exertion on the part of the Czar and his
generals, that army is in no better condition to
encounter the battalions of France and England
under the ordinary conditions of warfare than
when it first encountered them on the Alma.
Possibly the pro-Russian journals of Germany may
not exaggerate when they state that Prince Gort-
schakoff disposes of 150,000 fighting men in the
Crimea, but the information which reaches us of the
state of feeling in the Russian ranks is of more im-
portance than the evidence of ten thousand human
machines, more or less under the orders of the Rus-
sian general. It appears by letters from Sebasto-
pol, which have reached Vienna, that the services
of the spies, of which Prince Gortschakoff makes so
much use, are not an unmixed advantage. The Tar-
tars, Croats, and Greeks, who contrive to pass be-
tween the camps, tell others besides the General of
the abundance of our resources, the facility of our
provisionment, the certain approach of reinforce-
ments, and the calm confidence of our soldiers.
These, thanks to Prince Gortschakoff, are matter
of stealthy depressing conversation among the
Russian common soldiers, with whom after all the
defence of the Crimea must rest. The march of
the Allies on the Tchernaya transpires as the sub-
ject of expectation in private letters from the Rus-
sian camp, as early as the ith inst. The return of
the first expedition from Kertch we learn, in the
same way, did not raise the spirit of the Russians
in proportion to the depression which it wrought
in our men, for the trip was regarded as a demon-
stration of our superabundance of force, as well as
of the ease with which the Russian territory could
be menaced. The preparations made for the
interior and ultimate defence of Sebastopol have
produced an unfavourable impression upon the
garrison. Until these last few weeks the troops
believed their officers, who assured them that
the French and English, hemmed in on all
sides, and weakened by privation and disease,
were really the besieged, and were destinel, upon
the arrival of enormous reinforcements from Pere-
kop, to be driven into the sea. The renewed bom-
bardment, and the infantry attacks in front of the
Central and Quarantine Bastions, as well as the
near approach of the French to the Flagstaff Bas-
tion, have dissipated this delusion, and the mass
of the troops have lapsed into moody sullenness
and distrust. This temper may not disqualify them
for offering a dogged resistance when hard pressed;
the severe Russian discipline may dominate it as
long as the men are kept in line, even under
fire,
but rooted distrust knows no elan, and is fatal to
that moral ascendancy which, in close encounters,
asserts itself by victozy.—Morntng paper.

ADULTERATION OF BEER.—At the Exeter Guildhall,
on Thursday, before a bench of magistrates, a complaint
was preferred agaf.tist a, publican named Keetb, of the
Three Tuns, by the Board of Excise, for adulterating
his beer with grains of paradise, camomile flowers, and
gentian. The defendant 'bad offered to pay 2001. to
compromise the matter, 'but the Board of Excise con-
sidered that it ought to be brought publicly before the
magistrates, although they did not press for the full
penalty of 4001. and the fort eiture of all his plant,which,
according to the a,?;r, they wt ere entitled to do-. A Initi.
gated penalty 200 g. was is flitted.

THE TFTEcIK OF THE GOLDEN AGE. ( asked him for the bill, in order that they should not d °
This mornin; any mischief if there was a scuffle. The sergeant was'
g about 11 clock, considerable , o', excite- perfectly sober at the time--quite sober.
meat was caused by observing a steamer coming up by ;
the bay, which was soon discovered to be the John L James Quantril and John Lines also speak to Sere
C. geant Brodie-5 being perfectly sober, and denied that he
Stephens, which left here on Monday mornin last. As threatened to harm ;Any one with the bill, or that he had
she neared her anchorage it was seen that
c pur
she wes it for anysuh pose.
crowded with' passengers, and the conclusion at once I Cornet Baumgarten represented to General Foster,
arrived at was, that she bad picked up and returned with according to his own adnaission since, that Brodie was
the passengers of the Golden Age. This proved to be quite sober.
correct, the following being the particulars, as far. as the corporal of the guard, when before the colonel
we have bad the means of gathering them :—The (IVl'Queen) the same rnorring, distinctly stated that
John L. Stephens left here on Monday morning Brodie was perfectly sober when arrested.
about two o'clock, with 900 passengers, &c., for San In addition to the above irrefragable proof of the ser-
Francisco. On Monday afternoon, at five p.m., she jeant's sobriety at the time of the sham duel, it may be
fell in with a boat belonging to the Golden Age, in stated that he is a pledged teetotaller, and has been Re-
charge of the second mate, from whom she learnt since the beginning of the month of January last.
that the Golden Age was ashore near the island of There is one important statement of Lieut.• Webster
Quibo, from which she was then distant about 85 miles. that requires explanation. It is when he says " per--
She immediately proceeded to the locality indicated, son came to him and advised him to be cautious, as Ser.
and her signal guns being soon answered by the Golden jeent Brodie had armed himself with a lasrge bill-book.'
Age, she succeeded in leaching her about 2 a.m. on Why was he not named ? It must have been either
Tuesday (the Ist of May). Early in the morning sha Lieut. Hartopp or the surgeon, Mr. T. S. Copper; but
took all the passengers, mails, and treasure on board, we cannot believe that the latter gentleman would have
and returned to this port this morning, as before stated. thus misrepresented matters. For Lieut. Islartopp
The following letter from Captain M'Lean (who was a will not vouch, because io order to prevent an amount
passenger in the Age,) to Mr. H. H. Munro, the corn- of thedisreputable proceedingsappearing in our colunsne,
parry's agent here, and which he has kindly given to us he did not shrink from telling the reporter that "If
for publication, will be found to give a full account of there was a man under Heaven that deserved to be
the accident to that vessel. We would premise that hung, that man was Serjeant Brodie," and; turning to
the Golden Age left San Francisco on the 171 h ult., at Wbster, asked if it was not true, and that officer an-
-1 p.m., with 800 passengers and about 1,300,000
sweered in the
dollars in specie :—" affirmative. A little after midniaht of the
The above facts require no comment ; they vindicate
28th of April we passed the island of Mentirosee, the the truth, and support the claims of justice. Mare is
sea perfectly smooth and a good moon ; thence Captain riot needed. To effect that has been our object, and
Watkins steered direct for the passage between the however feebly accomplished, if it has that end, our
island of Quibo and Quicara, inclining to the shore of labours will not have bn vain.—Daily A'cws.
the latter, in order to keep clear of dangers (sunken rocks) lying towards the shore of the other named island.
At about 2 a.m. of the 29th, the ship going over the
ground at the rate of 14 miles per hour, pointed for the
passage and apparently clear of the reef, off Quicara, as
laid down upon the captain's charts, she struck full and
fair. The captain was on deck himself, speaking with
Mr. Aspinwall, as indeed he had been all night, and
doing all that a skilful and prudent navigator could to
guide his ship in safety. The sea was calm and smooth,
without any appearance or indication of hidden danger.
Instantly, upon striking, an immense volume of water
rushed into her forward ; the pumps were all pot in im-
mediate requisition, boats cleared away, &c. In five
minutes the engineer reported the water rising with
great rapidity, utterly beyond all efforts of the pumps.
At this time we had 15 feet forward and 17 fathoms aft
and amidships. The captain's first intention of landing
his passengers was instantly frustrated by the rapidity
of the rise of the water in the hold, and her setting aft
from the depth of water amidships and aft, which cir-
cumstance rendered it imperative to drive full length
on the reef. At this instant she rolled heavily, and ker
bow fell off the reef or rock. Having a good head of
steam, Watkins determined to run on a little fur-
ther for the mainreef, which be knew lay a short
distance ahead. Upon starting, she rolled heavily
from side to side, and steered wildly, coming-to too
much, and striking a second time. He backed her
off, keeping her stem clear, and again went ahead,
running along the reef, delaying his purpose of
beaching her so long as he had steam to force
her ahead until he should find a spot offering the best
chance of saving his passengers. Of course, time flew,
and thus passed another five minutes, the water up to
the furnaces of the port boiler, and above those of the
starboard one—all the fires of the latter out. She still
had steam in the boilers—the engineers and firemen up
to their necks in water in the fire-room. A few hundred
yards ahead we could make out a small cove, beyond
the point of the island, bighted apparently with a
sandbeach. The steamer stall went on, under com-
mand of l'er helm, the water still gaining above the
pumps, bailing, &C. Another five minutes, and the
balance of the fires were out. We had about 100
yards yet to go to our cove, which we were now
nearly abreast of. The captain put his helm hard aport,
and headed right on the beach—the water along the
side continued deep, and the engine turned over very
slowly. On we went, sounding ten fathoms, s;x fathoms,
and finally she stopped, her bow within 30 feet of the
shore, but so slow was she moving that no one felt the
stop. We had 17 feet all round. The boilers had only
steam enough left to make some two or three revolutions.
After our first feeling of gratitude to Almighty God fer
our deliverance from a sudden and fearful danger—from
the Arctic's fate—we paid a tribute in admiration to
Watkins for his admirable coolness, presence of mind and
great efficiency, quick thought, and prompt action. The
reef or rock on which she struck could not, in my opinion,
have had more than, a foot less water on it than the
steamer drew, so that a little less draught of water, or a
full tide, would have taken her all clear. It appears to
me to be a sunken rock or reef, lying off the main re, f,
which makes out from the north-west point of Quicara.
So far as can be ascertained the only injury is forward,
the scarf of stem and keel being the spot. The wood ends
here are doubtless stove in. Watkins has had large
pumps constructed, being, of course, unable to work any
of those attached to the engine by steam. He got a
sail around the bows, but as yet has been unable to get
it.under her from her taking in the sand. Last night
he tried his full farce of pumps, those he had con-
structed, together with that worked by the " donkey"
engine, for which there is a separate boiler. The result
showed that the rise of the water with the tide was only
one-half of the rise when no pumps were employed.
Hulce by discharging double the quantity of water he is
now able to do be can free her entirely, float her, and
secure the sail under her bottom properly—all this be
proposes to do ; also the construction of a coffer dim,
which will, perhaps, enable him to plug up and eoppcir
over the hole. Thus the chances are good for his saving
the ship. He certainly will leave no stone unturned."—
Panama Herald of May 2.

THE LATE MILITARY "JOKING.''-
LIEUT. WEBSTER'S DEFENCE.

(From, the South-Eastern Gazette.)
Another chapter in the "disgraceful proceedings" that
have rendered the Canterbury depot of the Ist Royals
and the Inniskilling Dragoons notorious ! Lieutenant
Webster has "rushed into print." In the absence of
more exciting occupation, the ex-adjutant takes up the
cudgels in self-defence. Why shout,: he be maligned ?
did he not concoct the duel ? did he not urge Baumgarten
to "call Evans out ?" did he not with his own hands
write the challenge ? did he not enact the character of
second to the insulted cornet in the farce ? did he not
order the poor sergeant (Brodie) under arrest ? did he
not press the charge against him with the utmost per-
tinacity ? And did not Lieut. Webster do this with the
best intentions ? But let the modest unassuming gen-
tleman tell his own tale. After three weeks' considera-
tion, the gallant lieutenant bas ventured an exculpatory
letter, in reply to the strictures to which be has been
subjected, more especially those contained in a leading
article in the Daily News of April 30th. This letter
appeared in that paper on Wednesday last, and, after
denying all knowledge of the ",practical jokes," or that
he made "any set at Baumgarten, on his joining a°
depot, and expressing his opinion that "in assisting that
officer to obtain that satisfaction which the annoyances
he received justified, he did nothing deserving the title of
ungentlemanly conduct,'" Lieutenant Webster pro-
ceeds

IMPORTANT OMNIBUS QUESTION.

HammersmithAlfred Evans:
aopfpetahreedßa
sue Hammersmith Police-court, yesterday, Mr.
bevfoe
rnesemourr,
PaynterArrns, ItVoeasnt-sewnedr,
a summons for refusing to pay a •
mnibus fare under
the following circumstances :—Williaom Fi cb conductor
of one of the Red or Hammersmith Otllnibnuse; deposed
—That on the night in question the defend t'h d his
omnibus near Kensington-gore, and upon his enteringae
the vehicle with a friend witness told him that the omni-
bus did not go any further than the Broadway
it was the last omnibus running upon the raad:
and he had received instructions from tlie proprietor
always to finish the jourriey at the Broadway. On
reaching that place ad the passengers alighted, and
witness told the defendant that they were at the
Broadway. He got out and refused to pay the fare
unless witness took him to the White Hart, opposite
Scott's Park,. in Hammersmith, about three-quarters of
a mile further. Witness told him that he had previously
acquainted him with the fact that their last journey
finished at the Broadway. The defendant then went away
refusing to pay his own fare and that of his friend.—De-
fendantsaid he had brought this matter forward upon pub- .
lie grounds. He did nut complain of this omnibus in parti-
cula ,r but of the others. Their starting-place was fro
the White Hart, and he cm tended that they were bound
to finish their journey at that place ; but instead of doing
so they were in the habit of finishing some of their jour-
neys at the Broadway, and refusing to go any further. If
the omnibus contained ladies who lived iu the neighbour-
hood of the White Hart, they were compelled to walk
the remainder of the distance, and very often got wet
through in consequence. His friend had been served in -
that manner several times. Mr. Paynter wished to
know if the defendant lived near the White Hart ? The
Defendant said he lived near Scott's Park, which was
not far from the White Hart. Mr. Alfred Cloud, one
of the proprietors of the Hammersmith Omnibus As- • sociation, said there bad been a general order of the
proprietors for several years that the journey of the
last omnibus should finish at the Broadway. His
omnibus did not reach the Broadway until a quarter
past one o'clock in the morning, and his stables were in ,
Fulham ; it was inconsistent to wish his men to be up ,
half the night, which would be the case if the omnibus
had to go to the White Hart, for it would have to return again to the Broadway on its way to the
stables. He areued that if a passenger was told
before entering where the omnibus would stop he
could not say he was deceived, and thit the con-
ductor was not bound to take him any further
than the place he had mentioned.—Mr. Paynter said
he was satisfied that no driver or conductor could
[mak the journey and finish it where he pleased,
but whether a proprietor had the power that was an-
other . question • What he had to decide was whether au
omnibus proprietor, who had entered into a contract
with the public to run a certain distance, could enter
into a fresh one by finishing the journey at another
P•
lace If that were so they could finish the journey at
any place upon the road ; but he could not see, if the
Excise allowed them to run as many journeys as they
thought proper, why they should be allowed to run part
.f a journey. It was a very doubtful question, and he
should like to have time to consider it.—The summons .
was then adjourned foxy,. Vek.
, •
THE LATE CHARGLI OF INHUMANITY
AGAINST A PARISH OFFICER.

" I now come to a part of your article which is par-
ticularly painful to me to contradict, as I cannot well do
so without appearing to cast a slur upon a man who has
gained sorre notoriety for his conduct on the morning
in question (of the duel). I will, however, in justice to
myself, give a brief outline of what occurred. On my
first meeting Sergeant Brodie I asked him quietly what
he was doing there, and received such insolent and in-
subordinate replies that I felt it my duty to order him
into arrest. This he refused to submit to, accompanying
the refusal with more insolent remarks, and started off
across the fields at a run. I procured a file of the guard
and followed. A person then came to me and advised
me to be cautious, as Sergeant Brodie had armed himself
with a large bill-hook, and declared he would cut down
the first man that approached him. I then cautioned
the guard of this, and on approaching Sergeant Brodie
I told them, should be resist, to use the butt-end of their
carbines. Sergeant Brodie did not give himself up a
prisoner, but stood with one band behind him, which I
imagined to contain the book. I then told the guard to
take him, and again ordered them, should he re-ist, to
knock him down with the butt-end of their carbines. I
then saw that he had previously dropped the hook, and
he was marched to the guard-room. I have retained
from giving the language he made use of then, as I at-
tributed it to intoxication. Previously to marching off
he stated to Lieut. Hartopp, in my hearing, that he was
intoxicated the previous night."
The refutation of the ablve statement is ea ily effected,
and would have been given on oath before the mayor
of
Canterbury on Saturday last, only that the legal adviser
from taking such declarations, under the
of his worship (Mr. Aris) stated that he washand
Wm. IV., cap. 62.
y,however, brieflyer al.e!,lv to
at eth
deposesubstanceto.
of what
several maloaf the

... .
Yesterday, at a general meeting o the Board of Di-
rectors and Guardians of the l'oor of St. Pancras, held
in the Vestry-hall, King's-road, Camdtn-town, Berj. J.
1 E. Wright, E. q,, in the chair,
Mr. Cook, the cltrk to the board, read the following
' communication from the Poor-law Board :
"Poor-law Board, Whitehall, May 23, 18.5.2..
"Sir,—l am directed b the Poor-law oard trans-
mit to you, for the consideration of the dirßectorsto of the
poor of the parish of St. Pancras, the enclosed report, ex-
tracted from the Daily .tl'ews of the 22nd inst., of an in-
quest held on the body of John Dewdmey, deceased ; and I
am directed to request that the board may be furnished
with any observations which the directors they be desirous
of making thereon.—l am, sir, your obedient servant,
COUATENAT, Secretary."
Mr. Stockton moved that the letter be acknowledged,
and that the Poor-law board be informed that the ques-
tion had been referred to the vestry for its consideration.
Mr. Turner could not consent to such a course as this.
There was a very serious ohargetmade against an officer
who was entrusted with administering relief to the poor. ,
The question had been originally brought under the no-
tics of the board of directors, and be had moved for a
copy of the shorthand writer's notes of the evidence ;
that evidence had been printed, and was in the hands
of every member of the board ; he therefore did hope
that some notice would be taken of the matter which
was agitating the whole parist'.
Mr. Cook, the clerk, produced the minutes of evidence,
as furnished by the shorthand writer, a copy of which
had been sent to each director and vcstryman.
After a few observations from Mr. Wilby, it was re-
solved, upon the motion of Mr. Howlett, that the mat-
ter be referred to the vestry.
.1