The Sun.
London, England, 1855-12-13 00:00:00

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[PRIOE. 4D's

, . .
which will be regula.rly notified by the prison authoritiesto the officers commanding district#, municipal garrisons,
and cavalry depots and depot battalions, aud.the camp
.at Aldershott.—By command. . •
" G. A. WEraimALL."

- THE MILTTI4..
Orders have been received for the Itoyal Cornwall
Rangers Militia to lie disbanded. and' recruiting parties
from several regiments of the line are at Bodmin, whOre
the corps was assembled, to`obtain reoruits.
The Galway Militia arrived in Dublin on Tuesday, and
marched into Aldborongh barraCks, 'headed by Lieut.-
Colonel the Earl of Clancarty. The corps are about ,to
embark for England, and will form part of the army en-
camped at Aldersbott. ;

LORD EDWARD _HOWARD, • M.P.;.- OAT
TEE WAR •

At the Ainndel Fat Stock. Show do Tuesday, Lord E.
Howard, M.P. for Arundel, ,in returning thanks for his
health being proposed, spoke as follows :--Howae happy
that the market*- continued to jmpiove and to keep
ap its name. They could not expect, of course, tl at this
year all buiiness would be flourishing, but he thought
he might congratulate the agricultural interest at least
at having a very flourishing time of it, although it was
considered by some` that the agricultural interest with.
respect to prices was in greater - prosperity than' they
could wish, because he believatit was an atkuowledgedn
fact that nowadays prices might be too high, They all
knew that when prices were too: high a reaction might
follow; which Might not be:found.quite so .agreeable..
was also admitted that the poorer.classes of this couiatry
were suffering very Mach from the price of bread: -; In
reference 'to the : lordship -,observed IttitWeeille,
months Bina), every Pole talking about war, and was
some months later that everybody
peace. He :wax sure that no one_would like to: see pease
more than he should.• But that peace•must,be p peace
which must be lasting; and Obtained 'too on diet most
advantageous terms. Some peisons might have before
them an object not well defined, and say that as they
wero at war, so they might continue to fight: That was
not the right way of looking at things ; let them get
what was just and what they ought to get, and.then let
them make peace ; but do not let them urge on what his
friend Dr. Doke would' call it, a chronic state of war. He
saw the other day a very excellent provincial paper, the
Norwich Mercury, and it exactly d s:ribed the feeling of
the country throughout the length and breadth of the
land ; and there never was a time, he believed, when the
country was more thoroughly imbued. with war than tbe
present ; from John o'Groats to the southern part of Lit-
tlehampton pier, everybody was heart and soul in it.
(Hear, hear.) The paper he alluded to described it as be-
ing what the country wished, "a short and cheap war,
and a long and lasting peace." He thought that took
the question just 'where it cught to do. If any one
looked at the published maps, and saw the acquisitions
which Russia bad made within the last half century,
from 1770, or something like that, and also the different
states, with their dates attached, that would show the ex-
tended boundary of that great country, and in a way, tare
which was not very agreeable to those who were her
neighbours. (Applause.) He looked upon it, therefore,
that they ought to continue the war until they had some
kind of guarantee that Russia would not be always
knocking at our doors ; because it would be a very un-
pleasant thing indeed when one got up one fine morning
Tntoohtey,
have
ex ta exactly
ate cupiryef
therefore,
ray ; ag oef, teaouaihi ndtdt
perhapsoa carry
ar platery oonnf
ott
the
pea
es
war
sat
oro findnto
iu prevent
tthee I mot
room
mei
this'
Czar carrying and taking it from him. (A laugh.)
occurring. What those terms of peace should be be could
could well form an opinion as to what ought to be the
exact terms of peace. It was only those connected with
the secrets of state who were enabled to look at the dif-
ferent points of view in which the great question was in-'
volved, and who were able to form an opinion of what
might practically and honourably be obtained. He was
sure they, as Englishmen, wished for no more ; and he
trusted that Russia herself would not think it any dogra
dation to listen to almost, he might say, the united voice
of a large portion of Europe, and give such terms that a.
speedy peace might be obtained. He thought they must
all th nk, from the reports which bad been diffinvd so
generally and so implicitly for some time, that there
must be something in pelt°. If ho was the Russian mi-
nister himself, or even the Czar—though he-did. not
know whether his subjects might not put an end to him
—and when one talked of peace he did not exactly knOw
what the national feeling of the country was—he should
say that Russia would see really that the best thing for
her country would be to make peace, whether for the-
prosperity of Russia, the prosperity of her tiade, land,
or commerce, and for the a lvance of her subjects, and
to put an end to those horrible things which one saw
in the newspapers every now, and then of the tak-
ing of 1,000 men from every 10,000 to draught into
the different regiments. To piit an end to these
frightful things, he thought that RaSsia must Wish
for peace ; and if she was wise or desirous to fl mrisb,she
would make peace as soon as she possibly could. There
was a something attached to it called a Point of honour s
but be thought it must be obvious that, when Russia
had such nations as were united against her ; and when
Au'tria was apparently every day getting more favour-
able to the allies, Sweden, too, coming from the north
against her, he thought there was hardly a point of
honour left for Russia ; and a man must be very punc-
tilioua indeed if he did not see, without diminishing the
strength or honour of Russia as a country, that she
must very soon accept peace if such were offered on
terms on which she might make peace. He beggedipar-
don, but he was intruding too long on the patience of
the meeting. (Cries of " No, no.") His lordship 6n-
' tinued, and observed that whilst the war occupied the
serious attention of every one, they did not always wish
for the country to be in a state of war. What the coun-
try desired to see was the question so arranged as to
develops the interests of the greatest number—the arts
of peace and the advantages of commerce. (Cheers.)
Although they had been young lately in the art of war,
it was to be expected that they would not be thoroughly
up to o irrying on a great war after n long peace and at
1 ng distances from the country—though at first they
d,d not appear to have everything in the order it wa:
now, yet he was glad to see that the governing pow( r of
the country, with a due appreciation of the serious mat-
ters in which they were embarked, had arranged that a
fleet of 250 vessels, furnished with all the appliances of
art and skill, was to set sail for the Baltic in the coming
spring ; and if the Czar or his Government prots.ted
against the justice of their cause, they should knock at
the doors of his palace of St. Petersburg, having first
lighted it up with the flames of Sweaborg and Cronstadt,
and, if necessary, should follow him to Moscow, and there
tear from him that pence, which we trust, by the bless-
ing of a merciful Providence, they might be convinced
was due, asking for no more than was fair for Russia to
give to the allies, without obliging them to put those
frightful and unhumanising means of action into force.

,'
, !--4,VV-I*,-..-• -- - '"''
it• ; '-.,':-,-1;:l-,y...--, .•;•-.. •i.
. C....
.. , ;
zi„.ls•llw,‹it be said ON 3n that he has arrived in that ca- -Ai -,1„...„.r.-
••:Pital-the bear.r of paa:fic proposals entrusted to him by 1-. . I:,,‘;"' '
Austria ? He must -csii‘Fequen-py have been charged 's '-/
'.
with these proposlals to 0 months ago; he has given Them Viag—
carriacte to the Crimea, .and it is now for the first time -IT ' ----
that he communicates the.n to the Emperor Alexander;
We see, then, that this fresh rumour paraded by the
Pat, iq will not stand examination for an instant, and to
say the truth, we have been engaged on it too long
already. For the matter of that, it is not the only ru.
mour flying abOut. The believers in peace seem even to
have aken fresh heart a little yesterday. But since
nothirig more sure than what is past and done with is
brought forward in support of these hopes, as they will
rest solely on tto efforts now being made with a view to :-I
an arrangement, although nothing as yet indicates the
~
success of those efforts, we maintain our previous re- i,
serve,tand we. still recommend caution to our readers. I- 0,
We may likewise add, that according to the tenor of On l 1
corresPondeat's_letters from Berlin, these rumours of
peace;obtain far less credit in Germany than in France
or Enkland. The journals of this last named country Tr
are, besides; in general, still little inclined to regard 0.1-3--:.
them favourably. . .

,

THE FALL OF KABSI.)t

.
( From the limes of this day.) 7
Kars has fallen, and the last event of the war is
a triumph, though hardly a glorious one, for the .1:
Russians. The brave men whose names were lat-
terly mentioned with pride through these kingdoms
are now prisoners of war. The heroic defence,
which might be numbered with the most famous
in history, has ended in au inevitable and honour-
able 'surrender. Famine did the work in which
Russian bayonets failed. For nearly a month the
garrison had been in dire distress, and for some
days 'absolute starvation prevailed. The country
round was held by Russian detachments. A strong
force i was on the ridges of the Soghanly Mountains,
ready to oppose the march of a relieving army.
The few stragglers who fled from the invested city
were; for the most part, cut off by the enemy's
cavalry. At the last moment General Kmety is
said to have succeeded in escaping, but our own
gallant countrymen are doubtless in the hands of
the besiegers. -The event is deplorable, but it is not
the part:of a high-spirited nation to bewail a mis-
fortune. Let us rather calmly consider the causes
of this reverse, and inquire why the course of
success has been broken by a disaster so long
foreseen by every politician. The first reflection
that presents itself is as to what has become of the
relieving army under the greatest Ottoman General.
What has been the result of the operations which
were to cause the retreat of the Russian army ? It
will be seen by the letter of our correspondent pub-
lished yesterday that Omer Pasha is still at Sugdidi,
on the Ingour, within a short distance of the spot
where the conflict of the 6th of November took
place. Whether the Ottoman General would ad-
vance during the present season was doubtful ; the
impression, however, was, that for the next four
months there would be no movement, and that tho
Turks, like their allies, would fix their attention
on preparations for passing the winter in safety.
The Russians, on the other hand, hold the fords of
the Tanitz-Kaleh, across which river runs the road
to Kutais ; they are said, also, to be busy on the
fortifications of the town itself, and determined
to contest to the utmost the passage of Rion or
Phasis, which is the next stream that breaks the
path of an invading force. It appears that a body
of light Ottoman troops has pushed on into the
interior, and there are some speculations of an ad-
vance on Kutais ; but, viewing the operations as a
whole, there seems not much hope of any immediate
success. Omer Pasha is said to purpose changing
his base of operations to Redoubt-Kaleh, lower
down the coast. This town is now occupied by the
Turks, but is watched, if not blockaded, by a small
Russian force. Its deliverance may probably be
effected with little difficulty, and the Mushir will
then be content with preparing for the campaign

of the coming spring.
In the meantime how did the campaign in Min-
grelia affect Kars, distant some 300 mires ? It was
erroneously supposed that the landing of Omer
Pasha on the Abasian coast was a skilful diversion,
which must soon draw the Russian forces from the
Armenian frontier ; and, no doubt, a large, well
equipped and well supplied army, able to march
with confidence into the country, to burst through
the passes of the Caucasus, and carry the war into
Georgia itself, would have compelled the retreat
and concentration of the enemy's armies. But the

well-known state of the Turkish force in the Crimea,
its want of the plainest food and the most necessary

clothing, the intrigues of the Porte, the scarcity Of
money, and the want of any directing mind at
Constantinople, were sufficient to dispel any hopes

of a powerful and energetic invasion. Mfe have
always felt that Kars must rely for its defence on
its own garrison, and the opinion was strengthened

when the relieving army undertook a diversion in-
stead of a direct march to the rescue ; for of all
military operations a diversion evidently requires
the boldest genius guiding a most powerful force.
Tim campaign, therefore, as far as concerns the
relief of Kars, has been a failure. The fate of
the invested city is now decided. One hope,
entertained some time since, appears to have
been too hastily indulged. The rigour of win.
for No not deterred General Mouravieff from
continuing the siege with relentless pertinacity.
The sufferings of his own army must be great,
while the prize will by no moans compensate the
Russian losses or restore the damaged fame of the
troops. But this pc-rseverance was, we can hardly
doubt, the consequence of direct and positive orders
from St. Petersburg, and confirms the reputation

of the Russians for invincible obstinacy through
discouragemmit and defeat. The enemy has, in-
cbed, achieved a victory which will cause pain
throughout the West ; he has shown that this great
war must be carried on with the fullest means and
energy if eventual triumph is to be gained ; he has
proved that the war in Asia can no longer be no-
glected,.and that in those distant regions Russia is
able to put forth a strength which will at least
make the conquest of her Transcaucasian provinces
something very different from the easy task which
hasty critics have imagined. But we may once
more repeat our opinion that no permanent danger
threatens the Turkish empire on this frontier. It
was a point of honour to take Kars, especially after
having been twice repulsed. The Russian Emperor
no doubt deems that a diplomati.3 advantage will
follow such in the last struggle of an eventful year.
He now holds • omethin; which he imagines will
be a counterpoise to Sei,:istopol. He has made a
coniinest, and may talk about mutual restitution.
But this is all. Erzerourn is fortified even more
strongly than Kars, and we believe that Mouravieff
will pause before commencing a contest similar to
that in which he ha.s been so narrowly successful.
By the beginning of the summer the Allies have it
in their power to carry on war in earnest iu Asia,
as well as in the Crimea and the Baltic. The least
chance of successful and lasting aggrandisement
would suffice to call down such an invasion as
would speedily make the Russians tremble for
Georgia itself. We have therefore no cause to bo
discouraged, although it would be absurd to affect
indifference.
But the attention of the nation may be fairly
called to the folly and petty jealousies which have
led to this reverse. After the disasters of last year
General Williams undertook to assist the Ottoman
commanders in his character of British Commis-
sioner. He and Colonel Lake fortified the two
Armenian capitals, one of which has just made
so glorious a defence. The miserable state of the
Ottoman forces was the theme of every letter
from the seat of war, and the apprehensions of
future danger were increased by the knowledge
that the Russian armies were largely augmented,
and that additional troops had been brought to
the frontier even by the route of the Caspian.
All this time the Porte and its advisers were

_ ...., ~.... ___
inert. At a great expense a large array of Turks
was transported to Eupatoria, and divisions were
afterwards harried to and fro between that
position and Karaiesh to join in operations from
which they were at the last moment uniformly ex-
cluded. There were not wanting those who urged.
the necessity of reinforcing the Asiatic army by i,
part of this useless levy. The history of these
transactions has yet to be made clear, and it will
be for General Williams to give to the world those
causes of complaint which are said to exist.' When
the city which has now fallen had been invested for
weeks, when the interest and indignation of all
observers had been roused, it was decided to with-
draw Omer Pacha and his army from before Sebas-
topol, then preparing for its last struggle,
and to
send them to the rescue of Kars and Erzeroum.
How hastily and inefficiently the movement was
made we need not record. At this moment io_mer
Pacha is reduced to inaction
n
by the
wants
When
fhnheis
commissariat and transport departments.
how
e
willeuAblel
theh
iacon
geniusd itoi of nt
the
eo
mosttake weatbhleefigeelnderal
would
have been insufficient to accomplish the salvation
of th© beleaguered city under such conditions. Iti
despair of other succour, those who reflected on the
matter were reduced to put their trust in the snows
of an Armenian winter. It appears that success
was resolved on by the enemy at any cost. In the
midst of sufferings probably hardly less than those
of the besieged they have persevered, and have
iachieved a considerable,
though only a temporary,
triumph.

BEDFORD LITERARY SOCIETY.—On Tuesday evening,
by the invitation from the managing ccmmittee of this
.ociety, Mr. John S. Trelawny delivered a lecture to its
members, at the Assembly-rooms, on the " Maxims of
de la Rochefoucauld." There was a good audience,
many persons attending, less perhaps on account of
their special interest in the lessons of the profound and
cynical Frenchman, than to show their respect for the
lecturer, who so spiritedly contested this borough at the
election of o, Ettccessor to the late Mr, Soli stii.rt•J