The Sun.
London, England, 1855-01-03 00:00:00

AND

37,1:-_-7 7.7/.1_7:,:t L

-
.AA T

cirri , el LOG
The sales of cotton at Liverpool yesterday were
estimated at 7,000 bales, all to the trade. The
Market was steady, and prices were unchanged.
The sales comprised about 5,500 American, 120
Pernam and Maranhani at 54-d. to 61d. 250 Egyp-
tian at Md. to 71d., and 1,200 Surat at' 3d. to 4d.
Per lb. Railway shares were dull at rather lower
prices.
The Board of Trade returns for the month and
eleven months ending the sth ult. have been
Published, but as those which will be issued in
February next will contain the twelve months
statement, and, therefore, be more interesting, we
shall now only refer to the imports and exports
during the one month completed as above. The
total declared value of the exports, exclusive of the
unenumerated." articles in that period, is
5)1,722/. against 7,628,760/. at the like ate of
18753. d
There was an increase in the importation
of woollen yarns, but a falling off in woollen
manufactures, silk ditto, thrown silk, linen
manufactures, linen yarn, haberdashery and milli-
'lerY, hardware and cutlery, cotton manufactures,
cotton yarn, and coals and culm. In the imports
We notice a decrease in wheat, barley, oats, flour,
x, currants, rice, silk, pepper, brandy, Geneva,
allow tobacco, and wine ; but an augmentation
41 Wool, tea, cassia lignea, cinnamon, cloves, mace,
mtmegs, sugar, saltpetre, provisions, palm oil,
hogany, hemp, guano, Indian corn, and coffee.
The shipping accounts show a falling off in the
tollnage of vessels engaged in our foreign trade,
both in the entries inwards and the clearances ort-
Wards ; but in the coasting trade, although there
ks a diminution as regards the clearances, there
Wall an increase in the amount of tonnage entered
nivrards.
The ship Henry Reed, from Launceston, is stated
to have on board 100,0001. in gold dust and coin.
The -whole of the large amount, per Lady Joce-
,4_3) has already been purchased for exportation to
he continent.
• The following are portions of an excellent article
,th. Banker's Circular, entitled "The Fixed
'lce of Gold and the Standard of Value :"
D ."People go to Mark-lane to ascertain the variable
tille,e of wheat, which fluctuates; from day to day under
1: Law of supply end demand; but does any body go to
izeittard-street, to ascertain the price of gold coined
o sovereigns ? Nobody does; ; aed why not ? Be-
tiil4.„'s everybody knows that its price is fixed, whether
triTisdank hold twenty millions of sovereigns, or only a
.wo:Iu Or a tenth, or a twentieth of that amount. Every
ngjeweller melts down sovereigns, when he intends
bel)l4 gold to the purposes ;of his manufacture ; he
t der oes to any market to enquire what is the price of
thowte• 3 grains of the metal, because he knows that
Price is fixed in that weight of gold, or, in other
eoree
„ u the sovereign.
rcirerfectly invariability at all times, under all cir-
t ti:t4noes, and in relation to tall surrounding things,
dietin very essence of a standard, and these conditions
thin guish it from a weathercock. Now since every-
% ,Llovented by man is imperfect he cannot create
tune. et standard, which can 'only be found in na-
l% kti SPeaking philosophically, ea standard of length
t,..er04 in the 400,000,000 th peeet of the earth's cir-
ftlf:liersaenFe, which is equal to tit e measure of 39.370
tee, inches. This is the length of the French
issig'tt , In England, the philosophical standard of
Gree„ 4:a pendulum vibrating seoands in the latitude of
inclin;w4h, which is the measure of 39.1393 English
of
distil English standard of weight is a cubic inch
PeheB"lled water at the temperature of 62 deg. of
sent'enheit, which weighs 252.4.55' troy grains. Our
by to and of capacity is generated fr os n the space occupied
Ago' ll Pounds of distilled water at the temperature of
g• of Fahrenheit, constituting cur standard gallon.
eL;all these standards and measun are immutable in
n,ver°loBt rigid and absolute sense, an d uniform to what-
„ !Y. are applied.
eures'oq us assume that a law enactor I that all our mea-
gelds andlength, weight, and capacitl • were to be of mint
utesedoit tllsat by some contrivance, foreigners got pos-
•wholeitale
the absurd la ent all, is it not plain that all business,
retail, would have to t e suspended, unless
possession of 'Tv 'repealed ? But, foreigners do get
alue, and they ortais ignorantly called our standard of
Us to lower prices eYoreturn it when they Lave compelled
give me 54 inches forr cent.
then I will give you Or, the foreigner says,
baYard, instead of 36 inches, and
Your own folly allows act(
the cheating idol by which
"The distinction between
a stand rd and a measure
f tbe"lsts is
very important. The
annual revolutions o
earth round the sun is a true
‘l4ncl invariable standard of time, of which months, Weeks
4,Yes, hours, are true and invariable measures f
I?_2
lord
at which water boils or freezes constitute the
it7t11,51 1: of heat,. while mercury, expanding or contracting
Ine_ueu tube, as it receives or loses heat, constitutes the
411.:11 re of heat. In both these cases tile standard of time
it,;4,. of heat is found in nature, and is unchangeable by
04 human agency ; but the measure of beat, being
140_,Y a mode of testing its degree of intensity, accotn-
uates itself to the contrivances of men of science, as
ptilaq seem to them beat adapted to bring the virtues
the :no standard into practical operation. Thus, in the
sdifferently graduated scales of Fahrenheit, Beau-
rianci Gay Lussac, we have different measures, but
t °fC found
referable to the one standard found, and only
e'ound in nature."
Tle
e meeting of the Roys.l. Santiago Mining
the A'any took place to-day, John Taylor, Esq., in
,orcaliair. It appeared that the loss on the mining
47- timis of the half-year was 2,6001., but the
tors
malice. of the mine was improved. The direc-
To_tuade a call of twenty shillings per share.
lzr morrow being the " fourth "of the month, a
thj7) alnount of commercial bills fall due, and in
felt keginning of the year the pressure is generally
ItithetZ° than at other periods. It is hoped, not-
8N tain'l4ing the severe losses which many have
,ed, that the engagements generally will be
901 The gtock
to , market opened heavily, Consols being
'ute.h4l) out there has been an improvement since
Saefethe '34eap.l3le to hand that large reinforcements
affilittlea „ tied troops were still arriving in the
ar'userjUld that the French loan is being readily
per lacatZfor. Consols have been 901 to and
Cents' to .;1 for the opening. The New Three
erees gave realised 90g- to and the Reduced
echequ" to 13. Bank Stock is steady, at 210.
Gilds Th" er . Bills have been 4s. to 65., and India
8 Pro •
iI Peeula.t* nuu"
,13uost Iv, 'on in the foreign stock market is
„Urhisitl,Pendecl, for, beyond a few bargains in
';!lere
_")crip at the steady prices of 741 to 75,
-lieferr'erarcely any business recorded. Spanish
mere 2nds are quoted 18, being somewhat
The p-4, `4 Russian 5 per Cents. are marked 97.
18teets ;"owing are the nominal prices of foreign
20 Grenada Deferred Bonds, sto 6; Mexi-
'elats *al° ; Peruvian, 69 to 70 ; Ditto 3 per
„,12; to 491 ; Portuguese 4 per Cents., 40 to
velitB 5 per Cents., 97 to 99 ; Ditto 41 per
181- jj• 5 to 87 ; Spanish New Deferred, 18 to
tate;
41,tt.(:, 3 per Cents., 361 to 37,1 ; Ditto Certifi-
'Ph- 4,1° ; Ditto Passive, 4i to
na
bays a .y calls" during the present year
they.
areo asunted
llows to 13,171,6421., and for January
~eEfo
' Due dafe. Call.
'erS to Graissessac ................. 31 .£2 0 £72,000
aterha
teet 111 .....................
. 10...3 0 unkwn.
ral Peninsula of Portu-ga..l. . ...
. 18...2 0 80,000
Otrk and Bandon, Preference Si 10...1 0 2.000
rent ..
a•''t Lancashire. ............
.............-
24...2 10 10,000
_ New 4 per et. St,
l't"!!"..llotted to Fifths Proprietors 1...1 0 unkwn.
lGre Indian Extension ............... 15...4 0 600,000
iecdo Northern sern Red. 5. per ct. Sep. 12...2 10 200,000
ellen46lld., and Halifax, Original 12...2 0 15,000
iteenariki4:l4, tenson,. 15...3 0 75,000
guar, per cent 15...2 10 7,500
;78,41'Ith Lyons
10...2 0 40,000
i'Vielet°,l. Emanuel
evsee,ere of Frl 10...1 0 unkwn.
Nisie
.etee, _ nee
I„,!ntehav 6wirzerland 15, to 31...2 0 32,500
"Itebie,, en Junc., New 101. Prof. 1...3 0 ' 3,000
'esn and Croydon 10...1 10 6,825

.- --
£2,014,825
ik 1,
. .
companies is
I,49l:s6„,propertion called. by foreigm .
llot k4'ut., but the holdings of. English proprietors are
charGeut,l°l
e 'tati3r the quotations of the English Railway
y sq--e a lowr range than even that of y ceptiob %eat Northern, however, are again the ex-
!lre lin,f, u,eiug firm. The aggregate transactions
Lbies --;:rg) and the same applies to the Foreign
ho
are mostly nominal. .
not 11 al 'llea, Banks, and the miscellaneous shares
444'a-dozen purchases have been made.
1111 illsli FUNDS THIS DAY.—CLOSING PRICES.
(From the °nide Liar. 1 Bu=iness done
131a4k Rtock
2.,,,,,,....., ..................
6Dewr,,C Reduced Annuities 9O tl i
tb,_ 4. per C.....
:-.. Annuities
3
bftZtaulties, Expire sth Jan., 180 „ 4,t
hidik L3O Years, Expire 10th Oct., 1859 4 .3-16
bat "d4s
A:l°°° -. ......
eccilciiso:t,?:fct:treotin°°°t, fall; ..
January.;
.t;e Stock for Account ...................
hequer Lille 24d.
Ql9OO or
4 6
t ...................... .•.
t4:01.""u .... ~. ........... . .................. . 7
ISciltt.iteo'r Bonds 1858, 34. per Cent.......
1859
~
Phi
kquad or OF FOREIGN FUNDS THIS DAY.
e -""r.,llnds
Ditto - Per Cent.
Russian ° for the Account
r,• Londe, 1822 5 ter Cent .£ 5t,,,,, 97
N)a'"sh %lade 3 per' Cant * 97
Pel Cent ...
l'tl)l.l_it.t° New &Terrell 3 per Cent.
'lBll Scrip, paid up in f 11
Ditto for the Account .. ..11.. . ....:: .: . ..
.
batch Ilividends oil the abo.ve payabie Ler"."''
Escnge, 24 per Cent. 12 Guil ...., 60

(1411k70113 .................................
Ditto, Jattuary iocnut
~ 90i g "
....... .

THREE O'CLOCK.

ONEY MARKET! S

&hr.