The Sun.
London, England, 1855-08-23 00:00:00

(1:41t

LONDON, THURSDAY, AUGUST 23. 1855.

Rumours have been industriously circulated in
Germany, to the effect tha.t.nego4liations for peace
have been re-opened between Austria and the
Western Powers, and that there is every pros-
pect of a speedy cessation- of hostilities. We be-
lieve that,- at present, " the wish is father to the
thought," and that there is no foundation for a
'supposition so formidable and disgraceful to the
Allies. The duplicity and treachery of Austria
has been too clearly manifested to permit the
,•Governnlents of France and England again to
stultify themselves. They have been grossly
deceived, by the pretended. friendship; of Austria.
They now clearly perceive that she has been act-
ing in the interests of Russia ab initio, and that
shehas, on the most frivolous pretexts, repudiated
her deliberate and solemn obligations.... It is im-
possible that they can now place any confidence
in her professions, hO4eVerplausible. Her pro-
mises or undertakingsareitetwc.)rth the paper-on
which they are written. The bubble that once
existed has 'completely burst, and nothing remains
whereon to hang even the faintest' doubt. We
have learned, at leak, one salutary lesson—that
we must conquer peace by our own exertions.
The tranquillity of Europe must be purchased by
the blood and treasure of Trance and England.
They have to make all the sacrifices, and, of
course; must determine the results. We have
heard ,of the so-called "interests of Germany''
usque nauseam: They ire: Alone thought of
by Austria, by Prussia,,and by the Mind. The
interests of civilisation, of hninsnity, and of jus-
tice have no influence in the minds of these
despicable egotists, nor should those of Germany
have any weight with those Nrtio'have drawn their
swords in the cause of mankind; against the un-
conscientious robber who, supposed the numbers of
his savage legions a sufficient warranty for any
act, however atrocious.
Tnat Austria feels the position into which she
Las brought herselfbyher own misconduct is very
probable. She has at length discovered that with
nations-as with- individuals "honesty. is the best
policy," and that she has only succeeded by her
" clever diplomacy " in exciting the contempt
and indignation of all partieS. Even Russia is
not satisfied, although her German neighbours
have plunged so deeply in the mire ititirdcr to do
her dirty work.. The Autocrat is contented with
no stinted service. 'He requires the entire devo-
tiarili* his tOoli-,-tolerates no independence either
of tho4ght or action; and although it may for the
time being suit his purpose better to cajole than
to-bully; there 'is no 'doubt that. he has " a rod
Piekle" 'for-. his deceitful vassal—a rod that
will be vigorously and •nnsparingly applied if ever
heihotild.haVe the power of so doing.. Nor does
Austria stand better with the Western Powers.
Their long-coritinued‘ forbearance has been ex-
hausted--1-94:deipiseter pusillanimity and detest
her treachery I' They cannot again be-beguiled by
false and fraudulent professions, nor will, they
stretch forth a hand to save her When the avenging
li*RxrEsis hurls retributive jiistice on her head.
. The talismanic „Words 7---. Poland Hungary !
Italy I" - are ever Pl'eF4llt in,;'cliaraCters of ' fire
before her distractedthe writing
on the, wall " MEN, MENF') ttitax, rvaaa-
si;lf;';• that 'Proclaiins her aPPre-1.4g
trial gives solemn warning to every crowned despot
wh°'vainly imagines that the welfare' and happi-
ness
.
of myriads of human beings are to be sacrificed
to his vanity,- enpillityi_and bloodthirstiness, and
that .peoples are made for *dynasties, " and not
dynasties for peopteß.:
be dispelled. 'That delusion must speedily
Austria' knows - that it is so,
but has not .the, honesty br
pur-
pose to endeavour silliness of
if she cannot
aitquetber- avert, her dooai 'by honourable and

straightforward conduct. She may regret the
stringent punishment she must receive, but does
:lot and cannot repent the sins that rendered that
punishment neces•iary.

As we recently stated, the Emperor NAPOLEON
las a heavy debt of vengeance to exact from the
founder of his dynasty.
tie
betraycisof the, liliZitY,
may postpone., his demand, but he cannot-
" forgivergs f et" the deep dyed treachery. He
as w
own to avenge —wrongs that
has
or forget"
have been inflicted alike on France and Eugland,
and which both Governments should -speedily
notice. His language at the opening of the
Chambers proved that he felt it deeply. It will
not be the least valuable result of the Royal visit
to France that an Hipp mtunity will be afforled of
discussing and deciding on the course to be adopted
with respect to Austria. Whateverthat course may
he, whether the Western Powers insist on the
performance of the Austrian- engagements, or suf-
fer her to remain in undignified isolation until she
.ails from internal commotions, and the natural
oitipathies of the conflicting elements of which
'he is cum used, it is quite certain that they
will nut enter _into fresh negotiations, or permit
Austria to intermeddle in Matters wherein her
oreviousinterference was the cause of so many seri-
'us evils, and which prevented the Allies while
waiting for her promised co-operation, from put-
ting forth their strength in such a manner as
would speedily haie brought Ruaaia to her senses,
and produced an honourable, a secure, and a per-
manent peace.

It cannot for a moment be supposed that the
sambardinent of sweaborg is' to 154 the only, or
-yen the chief operation in the Baltic this season,
dthough the public have beitii greatly disappointed
,s to the amount of the frluecess achieved on that
•Tcasion, although " the sea- defences in general
were but little injured," as Admiral DUNDAS him-
self informs us ; • yet what has occurred has
taught a valuable lesson both to *friend and foe,
o Englishmen and to Russians. We have learned
that with comparatively trivial loss to ourselves
we may inflict immense damage on Russia, that
must materially cripple her power and abridge he,r
resources. We can with practical impunity destroy
her dockyards, and arsenals, and her accumulated
stores and munitions of war, can provethat we are
really in earnest, and, what is of no less importance,
can humiliate the • War party in_the eyes of their
countrymen. It is not merely the total suspen-
sion of their maritime commerce that they are
compelled to submit to, but they have seen that
their strongest forts are unable to shelter the stores
placed under their immediate protection—that the
vessels engaged in the bombardment can demolish
the strongest buildings, and consume the property
remaining therein, while placed. beyond the range
of their fire. That which, if not " death," is
certainly " ruin " to them, is nothing hut fun to
the jolly tars engaged in the, transaction !
But while they learn all this—they may also,
'f time be affo--ded, devise means of preventing
similar proceedings. The;stores supplied in place
of those already lost may be deposited in
boath-proof buildings. Cannon of longer range and
greater capability may be substituted fur those
whose deficiency has been so clearly ascertained.
Every hour procrastinated may materially enhance
the difficulty of achievements now comparatively
easy, and by next spring they may become almost,
if not altogether, impossible. We have seen what
Russians can do in the way of defence, and very
serio•is consequences may_ ensue if we defer
taking what at present we have only to reach
out our hands to secure.

Cronstadt ought to ;my
be, the next-Object of attack, We have already
indicated the mode in which the mortar-vessels
and gun-boats might securely destroy the dock-
yards and arsenals ; and, in fact, all the Govern-
ment buildings and woks, and materially damage
the fleet itself. What has been done at Sweaborg
may be repeated at Cronstadt, with equal if not
greater results. If the long range could be
effectual in the one quarter, -it .may certaialy be
equally so in the other—and we can scarcely
conceive that Helsingfors would have been
spared—that the fleet would have weighed I
anchor, leaving the greater part of their work
undone, if it were not intended to try their
strength against • the great stronghold of the
enemy, where the labour,. if more arduous, would
likewise be_ more honbnrable, and the results of
the most vital importance to the enemy.
We hope and Tielieve, then, that somethin
will be attempted against Cronstadt; and, if so,
we cannot doubt but that much may be accom-
plished. The policy that spared Odessa is noa
universally condemned: As we have repeatedly
stated, the Russians are incapable of appreciating
any degree of leniency, orattributing it to any cau4e
but a dread of too greatly exciting theindignation
of the Atrroctur. Mercy to Russia', to her trade
or her towns, is cruelty to England. If we spare
them, we do it at the expense of our over-burdened
taxpayers, acid of our 'gallant brethren now
risking their lives for the honour awl welfare of
their country in the Crimea and. els,iwhere. The
sanguinary miscreants who btitchered an in-
offensive crew defended by a fltg of truce,
who murdered their own countrymen, in order
to destroy with them some of the hved foe, are
deserving of no leniency. They are savages, wli
have no consideration for others, and who should,
therefore, receive none themselves.. We must
Convince them that they themselves will be the
greatest sufferers by such proceedings as the
Hango massacre. It is the only mode by which
they can be taught, and:the less.)n should be
made sufficiently stringent, in order to suit their
dull comprehensions.

The great question •f the day is—What is War?
We are said to be at war with Russia, and what
is wantel is a proper understanding as to what is
meant by this brace of monosyllables, for it is
quite clear that the. Government and the people
do not attach the same signification to them.

The eletntnts, so to speak, of war, leaving out
of account those over which human will has no
control, may be described as intielleCttial; physical,
and moral. • The first embraces the origination
and general direction of the other two, and the
responsibility of its use rests . chiefly with the
Ministry at home, and our commanders military
and naval ,abroad, and more especially with the
former. The duty. of the general or the admiral
is to see to the welfare and efficiency of his men,
and to deal the heaviest blows at the pride and
strength of the enemy the skill, discretion, and
force at his command will enable him to inflict—
his only restrictions being orders from the Admi-
ralty, and the observance of those rules of huma-
nity with respect to which all civilised nations
are agreed.. The duty of
_the 'Government is to
have armies and navies so far equal to the occa-
sion as the means at their disposal will permit,
and having them to put the, lse4t men they can
get at their head, and send t6Tri' to the_ best pos-
sible fields fur dealing destruction and humilia-
tion on the enemy. far, we:dare say, all are
agree Butthe public think, and the Govern-
ment apparently do not altogether, that the duties
of the latter,. irrespective -of civil matters, is far
from being disciigtrited when the above particulars)

have been duly attended to. The public think,
and we agree with them in thinking, that much
more remains to be done. That, among other
things, to get as many efffctive—or capable of
being made so—allies ranged on our side as they
can, to deprive the enemy of as many as possible
on his, and to take advantAge of any dissatisfac-
tion, division, or wrung-doing in his dominions, is
the incumbent duty of men in power, the neglect
of which were treason to the nation. Here, we
say, is the hitch. The Government does not avail
itself as it ought of these powerful agencies, and
the presumption is they differ from the people,.
and do not believe it to be so. - Which is right,
and who shall determine? The people, who have
most at stake, believe that being at war implies,
or should imply, the energetic use against the foe
of all available agencies, however wide the range
and varied the nature ; and the Government act
as if they thought that was going too far.
The entire history of the War affords proof of
this difference of opinion. Never were available
advautages more palpably thrown away. Poland,
that offered itself as the nucleus of the most dan-
gerous possible revolt against the Russian powee,
the means whereby a deadly.blow. might easily he
dealt to Russian atubitien, has been permitted, not
to remain neutral, but to yieal enforced conscrip-
tions to feed, with her briiVest sons, the armies
of the CZAR, and fire with their courage and im-
prove by their intelligence his military hordes.
The Circassians, too, have been let alone, though it
wasnotorious that, however inefficient in the tented
field, the bands of SCRAMYL could lend ut impor-
tant aid by making repeated and unexpected
descents on the enemy,. that by harassing
the troop% and keeping,a large force employed far
away from the more ilnpir6atit scene of conflict,
•
their help must be of ;rest 7alue ; and 8(0, is to
this day. SCHAMYL Might "Is well be a myth for
any service he has been - iuduced to render us.
Another power, of the stand description, now
offers itself, and, of course, 'will be suffered to
do execution solely,' and therefore momen-
tarily, on its own account. . A number of
Turkomane hordes have, we are informed,
invaded the Russian coast of the Caspian
and by the last accounts have reached the neigh-
bournood of Astrakhan, a Rusliae city, itnp)rtant
on account of its commerce with Persia. The
Caspian Sea, too, is thronged with :their piratical
barks, and the result is the commercial intercourse
of Russia with Persia is seriously hazarded. The
Turkomanes are a warlike people, and have cau-e
for inextinguishable hatred_ of Russia, and now
that her coasts elsewhere are blockaded by our
fleets, can by perseverance inflict on her a blow
that may speed her humiliation, and reader a
necessity proposals on her part for peace. Such
perseverance, however, t.ey are not likely to dis-
play without encouragement on our part, and so
long at Government holds its present notions of
war, and will keep so far 'within " the
statute of limitations,"
,that eneouragement will
not be given, even though what has been effected
Vale Allies against Russia has induced the !Perko-
manes to rise, and .their mairttainitig themselves
against that Power weuld c itl4B others. When
will Ministers and people come to au agreement
on this point ?

ROYAL, CliEtroliNE GARDENS.

GRAND MILITARY SPECTACLE.

Mr. Simpson wants nothing beyond the vast resources
of his own establi,hinent to render the rind spectacle
of the Storming of Sebastopol the moat attractive ever
presented to a metropolitan au lience.. It decidedly
improves on repetition„,and we must confim that we
;rattly prefer it in its present abape to what it was,
*natty hundreds .Sr veal solcUct on enthu-
eiaptically to the de vily . breach. It was then ton
crowded. Now, the unmet us body of men engaged
completely occupy the scene, without entirely distracting
the attention from the magnificent picturs. which alone
would well repay a prolonrze I visit. The effects are
nor, better rendered. The m and there are some
hundreds of Eaglish, French, Rissians, and jelly t
are thoroughly trained—they know what to do, and
when to do it. Many of those engaged have expe-
rienced the stern realities of ttie war ; has fought
before Sebastopol, and consecrated with their blood the
struggle in which we are engage!. Last night every.
thing went off admirably. Toe resetved setts were
crowded to excess, and only early applicants could
obtain admission to the stolen lid semi. The ptnerana
itself may be regarded awn coltplete, in idel of the out-
works. There stands the fro vninz Mamel'on, hurling
destruction on it 4 It its resistance is vain.
The irresi-tihle onslaug:it of the daring fle earriea them
on in triumph ; ao.I, whilethe o intest is c retinue I from
every trench and the birth* irks a-i 1 batteries
are brought out in tan-mg r,elief, presenting a vivid re-
pre-entation of the fearful sceoe. It his been an-
nounced for repetition threstimes a week ; but we
scarcely think the public will he contented unless it be
exhibited every night. 'No person who has the oppor-
tunity can neglect to avail himself of it. It would he
an act of Vandalism which he would ever regret. We
like to see liberality receive its duere ward, and it would
only be just an I proper that-Mr. Sinpsoa should obtain
a fair return for his large expend,turl an,l exceeding
g •n,,rnsity, which has, we believe, realised more than
1,0001. sterling fir the Wellington College—a truly
national institution.

SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDE s.—We are promised a
rich treat here on M orlav nett. Nelson Lee and
Flexinore have laid their heads together. and fun and
frolic most f The hura ►ors Of French fair, if
we mistake not, will be the greatest hit of the season.
Ths English, with whose frightful linguistic mistakes
our Alb a boar so patiently, amuse thein,ulves with the
„ecuilar modes now adopted in Paris of speaking the
word " welcome." In some places it is " welcome," in
others " vpllc one," but the generally received version
is " well commer "

Madle. Penza, a young actress', of the 0 14son, has
jnet been marrie I to M Did..n, a rich bank. r in Paris.
This marriage," says a corr4poodent of the Brussels
Independance, " twenty years to sixty,• but the
larsze to' tore of one of the parties a-ljosts the hit'anee."
Arnoog the latest •arrivalt at- Paris are Sir- David
Brewtter, S:r R. Ferguson, M P., Sir F. Steph..ns,
Vi °count Eiraley, M.P., and Mr. COn illy, M.P.. The
!attnr gentleman to.,k over with him his splendid stud
of horses (twelve in number), and these hive created a
great sensation.
The Right Rorr. T B. -Mwanlav, M.P., President of
the Philosophical Institution, E linburgh, has presented
an extensive and valuable donation of books to the
library of that establishment. The collection, which is
handsomely bouiid, embraces come of the m set impor-
tant works in Eoglish history and literature in their
best editions.

The Opera Comique is making great preparati ITP3 for
the repre=entation of Friday, which the Qieen of Eng-
land is to honour with her pr-mence. rnagiiifiilent drop-
scene is to he painted for the off.isioti Cainbon.
GREAT LUXEMBOURG COMPARY.—Traffic Receipts for
the week ending Aug. 19 (Miles open-, 2341.—Passen-
ger.. 212/. 12s. 61. ; good-, 561. Oa. 3d. Total, 2681.
12g. 9.1.

SOUTHAMPTON, Thnrs,lav Morninz.--The Peninsular
And Oriental Company's steam•ship'tan. Capt. Bur•
ney, has arrived. The Vends, With the Peninsular mails,
is expected tl-morrow. ' •

THE BANKRUPTCY OF MESSRS. STRATUM, PAUL, AND
CO.— SALE OF PARK CHAPEL, CHELSEA.—Yesterday
afternoon Alderman Farebrether (firm of Farebrother,
Clark, and Lye) offered to public competition, at Garra•
way's G.ffee.honse, Change-alley, Cornhill, the Park
Chapel (bettteknown as Park-walk Episcopal Chapel),
with the schools attached, sitnateat Park-walk, Chelsea.
The sale took plane by direction of the n.signeem of Stra-
PAtil, and C,i., tinder the fia, iu RA' kruotey, the
chapel being the property of Sir J,,ho Peel, Rim, and
the lanai room was densely cr iwJrd. Tne worthy a!d,r-
man stated that the chapel was a brick-butlt edifice, cur-
reitided by ornamental ground, the interior crib tainieg
180 affording accommodation for 1,500 or 1,600
persons, psonesw,s;nd fitted on the three sides with galleries and
organ-loft. The subscriptions or rent for pews was volun-
tary, and produced; under the present able ministry and
direction of the Rev: Mr. Good heart (the incumbent), from
8001. to 9001. per annum. -There was a range of brick
buildings in the rear, used as the boys' and girls' schools,
in connection with the chapel, with a separati entrance.
The whole was in goodreirsir: The property was held
under several leases' for 69 years, at 441. per annum
ground-rent, and some parts, held 'for 43 years, at Si. 10e.
The schools were underlet for 22 years at 121. The
beautiful -organ was to •be t.ken at a valuation. The
bidding commenced at 2,0001, and after a most spirited
and almost 00.1 w-tiled c 'invention between the gentle.
men present, including several well-known me nbers of
the Roman C4tholic religien, the property was bought
for 3,7501. by the wardens of the chapel, in order to re -
tain the sole services of Mr. •Goodheart, the much re •
spouted incumbent.