The Sun.
London, England, 1855-07-03 00:00:00

RUSSIA.

A letter from St. Petersburg of 23d ult. says :
—" General Read has been nominated comman-
der-in-chief of the troops at Nicolaieff, who, it
is now stated, amount to 65,000. Ismail and
Bender arc being fortified. General Luders has
returned to Kischeneff. Letters from Simpheropol
represent that the road from Perekop to that place
is literally covered by uninterrupted lines of
vehicles containing stores and ammunition, and of
infantry, cavalry, and artillery. The letters, how-
ever, complain that provisions were dear, though
they pretend that the Crimea has received supplies
sufficient to last through the winter. As the Tartars
now require 15 or 20 roubles a month for work for
which they were formerly content with 5, 3,000
peasants have been sent from the neighbouring
provinces to undertake the labours of the harvest.'
A. line of electric telegraph has been opened be-
tween Odessa And St. Petersburg, and before long
telegraphic communications will be established
between St. Petersburg and Sebastopol. Troops,
consisting principally of regiments of the 2d, 3d,
and sth corps d'armee, with artillery, are being
sent incessantly from Odessa to Nicolaieff, and that
town is full of soldiers. The corps of ,grenadiers
has joined General Luders, and has made his army
an imposing one.

The Musical Union will hold its last meeting on Tues-
day next; • The Earl of Westmoreland, vice-president of
the institution, is daily expected in London from Vienna.
The Dzererre, line-of-battle ship, left Toulon on the
30th ult. for Constantinople with stores and ammunition
for the army.
The Piemonte of Turin announces that, on the 24th
ult., the Tribunal of the Sacred Consulta at Rome una-
nimously sentenced Defelici (the man who attempted
the life of Cardinal Antenelli) to death.
A letter from Hayti, of the Ist ult., announces that
the Eitipefbr Soulouque had been attacked with a grave
malady, which left little hope of his recovery ; he had,
it says, been given up by his physicians.
The Piedmontese Gazette states that the Sardinian
hospital at Damara is.::extremely well organised, and
that th:i Coin inander-iriLehief has obtained some mar-
quees for the couva.lesaents, where they are better off
than in huts.

A DMINIST.RATIVE .REFORM.

No. V.

,:::,

THE SUFFRAGE.
Vox populi vox Dei.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SIIN.

.Sin,-In erecting a building for endurance there
is nothing like the Egyptian style of architecture.
The Pyramids have stood the wrack of ages be-
cause they are founded on a mighty base.
It has often been attempted to liken our own
political edifice to the works of the Pharoahs, but
it is a mistake. A bastard order has been substi-
tuted for it, and therefore requires constant inter-
meddling. Ours is not built on the deep and broad
foundation of an united people. There is no so-
lidity in its arcades and columns of all sizes and
patterns—from the ponde_rous bulwark of the West
Riding to the slender prop of Arundel or Wilton.
It is hollow, irregular, wanting cohesion, and
affording openings for further dislocations. The
rats can riot in its cavities, and the moles have
space to turn up their little hills, and loosen the
soil in which the whole is embedded. Whereas, if
unit touched unit, side by side, shoulder to shoulder,
layer after layer, in ever-ascending gradation—no
break, no hollow, until it terminated in the chief
magistrate at the apex—the solid earth itself must
be shaken from its centre before the superiucum-
bent mass could totter or fall.

I do confess I love a consistent theory, and I
though the action of the social compact is to a great
extent a series of compromises, yet we must ever
approxima:le towards sound principles to secure
safety—as in nature everything tends to an equi-
librium, though there is frequent disturbance of
the general balance. This is the vital, regulating
principle we should strive to infuse into our con-
stitution—a capacity of self-adjustment and resto-
ration to order. Equal justice must b 3 the founda-
tion, and truth the cement for an abiding state.
Where slavery is—where gross political inequality
exists—where the unities are disregarded, there is
and must be discontent, revolution, and overthrow.
Will any one examine the present state of the
suffrage, and say there is not gross inequality and
social degradation antagonistic to contentment.
Ashton has 29,791 inhabitants, and 937 electors ;
Birmingham, 232,811 people, and only 7,936 free
of the constitution. The same relative numbers
are, for Bolton 1 in 36, Devonport 1 in 24, Exeter
1 in 16, Finsbury 1 in 15, Hull 1 in 16, Leeds 1
in 26, and Portsmouth 1 in 22—the proportions of
free men to the entire population. Leaving out
women and children, what is there in the fact of 1
man in 10 having a 40s. freehold, or r, rating a 101.
house, that entitles him (logically) to say, or any
one for him, to the other 9—Stand aside, for I aul
worthier than ye ?
It is an insult, an impertinence, and a 'crying
injustice. If the injury were merely on paper it
probably would be endured, so little are we prone
to change ; but it is not—it touches the every-day
things of life, and meddles with the Sabbath. It
seals up to the people our museums and galleries,
as it would the rail and the river. It closes the
Crystal Palace, to whip the wearied mechanic or
shop-boy to the drawling dullness of some apoplec-
tic vicar. And not content with all this, the
nominees of the minority of a State, professedly
representative, attempt to apply their power to the
thraldom of nineteen-twentieths of those who have
no part in them ; and with sneaking hypocrisy and
disgusting cant, whine and drive over, curb and
curtail the Sunday dinner and excursion, the
necessary refreshment of the poor mechanic, worn,
weary, and exhausted with the labours of a week ;
while they tolerate Tattersall's betting in church
hours, allow Hyde Park to be thronged with car-
, riages, the clubs to provide their costly dainties,
and aristocratic luxury to be indulged unchecked
in the eye of day, on that special one which they
profess to be so sacred in the case of the poor.
Woe unto ye, scribes and pharisees, hypocrites !
that bind heavy burdens, and grievous to be borne,
on the necks of the poor, which ye will not so much ,
as touch with your little finger !
No wonder that, exasperated with such sickly
Agnewism, the spirit of endurance gave way, and
the harassed multitude upbraided the self-convicted
desecrators with their own defalcations. gc Go to
church—go to church " ye sinners in Satin and
Saxony : rest your horses, your men-servants, air
your maid servants ; eat cold mutton, or mortifY
yourselves with fasting, and then come and tall
to us about keeping holy the Sabbath day, and net
till then. -

In a representative state any thing that stops
short of the full development of the theory is at
best a sacrifice to expediency, and may be au offer-
ing to injustice.
4 is said you must draw a line somewhere ; you
cannot enfranchise worn .n and children. As to
the first, I pass that with a query ; but the second
is no parallel, as all childron.are treated alike. If
one child of any age was allowed a vote, others
would have equal right. It is because he is alb
infant and presumed incapable that he is unen-
franchised, not because he is, as a child, rich or
,poor ; but among men the freedom is given not to
him as a man, but as a man of property. It is the
donkey gives the owner his vote.

There is clearly no analogy here. It is withheld
from the child from want of eye, which a little time
will cure, and with lite will certainly arrive. It is
linked with other privileges and disabilities, as to
make a will, or to prejudice himself by a contract.
It is withheld from the man not from want of kV
or capacity, but of fortune, which no time will
necessarily bestow.

Justice, then, not denying the boon of of parti-
cipation in self-government, what is the obstacle to
its full enjoyment ? For my part lam content
to be on the side of justice, but what does fear
whisper ? " There is danger in enfranchising the
masses ; they are ignorant, brutal, and untrust-
worthy."

For their ignorance, whose fault is that ?
generation has arisen since this matter was mooted,
and your self-elected nostrum-mongers have been 20
years squabbling over schemes of education, secular
and religious, and have adopted none ; refusing aU
because each cannot be gratified with his quack
specific.

Will any one dare to proclaim now that the
worker is not to be trusted with his own rights ?
The poor Irish Catholic is in our armies, side by
side with the sturdy Scotch Presbyterian and Eng-
lish Protestant, and neither is wanting to duty,
in danger or in death. By land and on sea, at
home and abroad, in the field and the factory, the
sinews, the skill, and the heart of the poor mart is
with his country—his ungrateful country, which
says he is not to be trusted with the noblest rights
of freemen.

What if; in the year of revolution and continen'
tal anarchy, the contagion of conspiracy extended
itself to a few misguided men in this country!
What if the mutterings of discontent, in periods of
oppression and suffering, occasionally vent then'
selves in factious assemblies and threatening de'
inonstrations. Reinewber it is provoked by the
sense of injustice, and under the goading of want
and misery.
But now they show their true nobility, and the
generous soundness of their social sympathies.
When the country is drained of its soldiers insur-
rection would be less hazardous, yet there is no
rising to abate their alleged grievances ; they do
not gather tumultuously together to threaten the
Government, and wrest the management from the
hands of usurpers.
No, it is the comfortable middle classes, the
rich citizen, the smug tradesman, who are noir
banded together in peaceable alliance to set affairs
on a sounder basis, to reform our administration,
invigorate our executive, overturn nepotism, and
purge the State of its many ulcers. I trust they
will this time reward with the communication of
all .their long-withheld and dearly-deserved Iran'
chiles, the lon°. suffering, the loyalty, the courage,
and devotion of the masses, who helped them be-
fore to win their own rights, without whose aid
they will do little, ,against nothing ; and tha,t,
among all the efforts for " Administrative Reform''
the extension of the suffrage will not be neglected.
Whdom, prudence, justice, and strength, under
the same banner, are omnipotent, and directed to
one end they will soon find that " the voice of the
people is indeed the voice of God."--I am, Sir,
yours faithfully, SL. CARTER.
Exeter, 30th June, 1855.

A MONSTER SIXPENNY EXCIIRSION.—Yesterday morn'
ing many thousands of the poorer inhabitants of Christ
Church and its vicinity, through the benevolence of the
rector, the Rev. Mr. Brown, and a committee of ladies
and gentlemen, left the South-Western Railway ternaino°
for Richmond, and other places, for a day's excursion, at
the small sum of sixpence for each passenger, the rest of
the expenses being defrayed by the rev. gentleman, the
committee, and some wealthy inhabitants of the parish.
BOILER EXPLOSION._ MEN KILLED.—AboIIt
half-past two o'clock on Saturday morning last a large
tubular boiler in the ironworks known as the Dudley
Port Field Works, the property of Mr. Frederick Giles'
of Handsworth, exploded, k fling two persons on thef
spot, and severely injuring about a dozen others, one ,e
whom expired immediately afterwards, and some of to'
others are scarcely expected to survive, The cause
the accident is at present unknown.
GENERAL HOSPITAL, FORT Prim—Her Majesty 13°
been
gracioUsly pleased to send three excellent srl
slings to three men with fractured arms who attracted
special notice on her late visit to Fort Pitt—Private F'
Denny, Ist battalion of Rifle Brigade, severe gun sat
;
wound through the left arm, bone permanently injur,
James Oxenham, 30th Regiment, canister shot throng
upper part of right arm, smashing the bone ; and 110.1
Cox, 20th Regiment, gun shot wound through rig,;',
breast and arm, bone of latter permanently injured.
each of these slicgs was inscribed—" A Present fro'"
her Majesty.", •

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, Sir,
ER.