The Sun.
London, England, 1855-09-27 00:00:00

Doors open at Half-past Seven. Commence at Eight.

THEATRE ROYAL HAYMARKET.
Under the management of Mr. BuckTton•
THIS EVENING.
Will be performed THE MAN OF MANY FRIENDS.
After which, TIIE PRETTY GIPSEY AND THE BULL-
FIGHTER.
To bb followed by THE SULTAN.
To which will be added ONLY A HALFPENNY
Followed by a Spanish
To conclude with JOHN JONES.

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Lessee, Mr. J. H. Anderson, 18, Norfolk-street, Strand.
THIS EVENING,
Will `se presented, with entirely New and Magnificent Appoint-
ment, MA.Gt(J and MYSTERY, In twelve acts, arranged In two
parts, by Professor Anderson.

Prices of admission:—Private Boxes, I/. 11s. 6(1. and 11. Is. ;
Orchestra gtalls, 45.: Dress Boxes, 35.; Upper Boxes, 2s. ; Pit,
Is.; Gallery, No Half-price. Box-oflice open from 11 to 5
daily.

Grand Morning Performance on Saturday Next at Two o'Clock
Doors open at Half-past One.

r7EATRE ROYAL ADELPHL

Proprietor, Mr. B. Webster.—Directress, Madame Ce'este.
THIS EVENING,

Will he performed VICTORINE. Characters by Messrs. L. Mur.
ray, C. geihy, P. Bedford, Wright, Parselle, &c,; Miss Woolgar
Mrs. L. Murray, Ito.
After which, ROW'S YOUR UNCLE ?
To conclude with SEEING WRIGHT.

ROYAL STRAND TREATRN.
Under the direction of Mr: Payne.
Tills EVENING,
Will be performed THE CROWN PRINCE-; • or, The Buckle of
Brilliants.
After which, the Spanish Dancers. .

T 3 be followed by THE BUMP OF BENEVOLENCE.
To which will be added LES ALLIES.
Followed by TIIE GALICIAN FETE.
To conclude with STAGE STRUCK.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Lame and Manager, Mr. Wm. Cooke.
Fiat Week of a New Military Spectacle.

THIS EVENING.

Tito FALL of SETIASTOPOL ! written by J. H. STOCQIIEIER, Esq .
fully realising that glorious event, Mr. William Cooke's matchless
stud of horses. The ring and stage in one vast battle-field a hoe'
of auxiliaries the Storming the Malakhoff, and every !important
event carefully represented.

After which the SCENES in the CIRCLE, with the Champion
Vaulter and the Premiers Voltigeurs du Monde.
itax.ofnce open from Eleven tin Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W.
West. A eqrg Manager, Mr. Nelson Lee. Equestrian Director.
Mr. W. Cooke, tin.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
TT:RA DAY—Morn. 32 min. aft. 2 —Evening 52 min. aft. 2
TO-YfoßßOW—Morn.l2 rain. aft. 3 —Evening 32 min. aft. 3

THE WEATHER.-SIIN OFFICE, Sept. 27.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.

62 highest since noon yesterday.
49 - owest this morning and during the night.
66 -thin day, at noon.

BAROMETER, 30.
S.E.—Light breeze, with fine sunshiny weather.
In the morning a thick mist hung over the city, but as
the sun broke mut it gradually cleared away.

74)
-

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eb.

LONDON, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1855,

The nominal returns of the killed and wounded
in the terrible conflict of the Bth of September
have been published, and will be found in an-
other part of this day's impression. It is indeed
a melancholy catalogue—a document that will
materially diminish the national exultation, show-
ing the high price at which the triumph has been
purchased. Our casualties have been as follows:-
29 officers, 36 sergeants, 6 drummers, 314 rank
and file, killed ; 124 officers, 142 sergeants, 12
drummers, 1,608 rank and file, wounded ; 1 offi-
cer, 12 sergeants, 168 rank and file, missing.
Total—Killed, 385 ; wounded, 1,886 ; missing,
V 76-2,447.

It will be seen that it was a more sanginuary
conflict than that of the Alma, when we first
met the Russians and fleshed our maiden swords
in the Crimea, and that the numbers placed hors
do combat exceeded even those who consecrated
with their blood the glorious field of Inkerman.

In order that a comparison may be made, we
again give the results of those memorable days.
On the 20th Sept., 1854, the grand total of the
casualties was "26 officers, 19 sergeants, 2
drummers, 306 rank and file killed ; 73 officers,
95 sergeants, 17 drummers, 1,427 rank and file
wounded, and 18 missing ; while on the sth
November, at Inkerman, there were 43 officers, 32
sergeants, 4 drummers, 380 rank and file killed;
101 officers, 121 serjeants, 17 drummers, 1,694
rank and file, wounded ; and 1 officer, 6 serjeanti,
191 rank and file, missing. The Bth of Septem-
ber, therefore, cost a heavier price than either of
our preceding victories, while a far greater per-
centage of those actually engaged were included
in the lists of casualties.

Although our troops were compelled to relin-
quish the position which they had so bravely con-
quered, there was nothing to detract in any, even
an infinitesimal, degree from the high reputation
previously acquired. There w
which they had
the same reckless disregard of danger, and exhibi-
tions of the most daring valour and enthusiastic
self-devotion, that called forth the unqualified ad-

miration of every spectator. For 1 hour and 56
minutes they maintained with unflinching bravery
:,he desperate position which they had so nobly
won. Few indeed of that fearless band, who
;night justly be termed "the forlorn hope," passed
Anscathed through the ordeal, and it was not
,in til a prolongation of the contest could only be
egarded as virtual suicide, that they slowly and
reluctantly abandoned the hardly-contested for-
tress.

Perhaps, in the annals of war, the glorious
records of British achievements, nothing could be
found superior to the cool determination of
Colonel WINDHAM, who seemed to bear a
charmed life—passing unharmed through the iron
shower, and who, when his previous applications
for assistance were disregarded, and that it
became essential to go himself to demand the
umeh-required support, was chiefly solicitous to
impress on a brother officer, who also highly dis-
tinguished himself (Captain OREALOCH of the 90th
Regiment), the motives of his retrograde move-
ment, in order that, in the event of his almost
inevitable death, justice might be rendered to his
memory. Suck exploits are indeed worthy of
especial notice, and we earnestly hope that
rewards suitable to his inestimable services

may be bestowed on one who happily s

remains ready and willing to fight his
country's battles; under any circumstances, how-
ever arduous. A prompt recognition of his de-
serts was exhibited by General SIMPSON, who
forthwith nominated him Commandant of the
Karabelnaia suburb, with the rank -of a Brigadier-
General. But it is only from home that adequate
honours can be rendered to the hero who most
distinguished himself amongst the British troops
on the glorious Bth of September.

Some severe criticisms have already been
offered respecting the arrangements for the
attack, and the temporary confusion which
prevented it from being immediately fol-
lowed up. We shall, for the present,
abstain from entering on this interesting question.
We may, however, state that Marshal PELISSIER„
so far from joining in any censure either of the
plan or its execution, speaks in the highest terms
of the conduct of our troops, from the Com-
mander-in-Chief to the most humble soldier en-
gaged. There were many causes that prevented
our men from achieving an equal success with
our gallant Allies, and retaining possession of
that which they had so nobly won. We
do not mention these matters to depreciate
tha brilliant efforts of the escaladers of the
Malakhoff. Far from it. None more tho-
roughly appreciate their glorious conduct than
ourselves. None are more willing to bestow the
laurels so nobly won. It is, therefore, in no
depreciatory spirit that we point out the addi-
tional difficulties of the task imposed on our men,
who had a considerable distance to traverse before
they could plant their scaling ladders, during
which they suffered fearful losses. Our Allies
were within less than 10 yards, our own troops
fully 200, from the object of their attack. There
was also some little surprise at the moment of the
French attack, while all was in readiness to give
a warm reception to the British. Even those
who had just been driven from the Malakhoff
lent their aid to the defenders of the Redan.

We are desirous of not treating in a captious
spirit, transactions which have terminated so for-
tunately. Should there be any real ground for
complaint, it will undoubtedly be fully canvassed,
but we must not be too anxious to pick holes in
the coats of those who participated in the triumphs
of a day so gloriouslto the Allied Army, and which
will ever maintain so conspicuous a place in the
annals of France and England.

To this hour cholera is a mysterious disease,
though hundreds of medical men have written
about it, and thousands of patients have, time after
time, died of it. Is it contagious ? How comes
it to visit and revisit particular localities ? Have
lowness of site, overcrowding, want of ventilation,
indifferent water, and poor diet anything to do
with it ? How may its reappearance best be pre-
vented ? Is there any infallible cure for it—and
if so, what is it ? Such are the questions asked
with more or less eagerness, according to the
season, respecting cholera whenever that disease
becomes the topic of conversation. Of course we
don't pretend to have fathomed a mystery lying
leeper than most medical plummets have sounded.
We have it in our power, however, to notice the
conclusions arrived at by eminent authorities on
the subject, and we mean at present to adduce
those of a gentleman of great experience and high
reputation in connection with the disease, satis-
fied that they will he welcome, and trusting they
may be useful at the present time.
The towns of Newcastle and Gateshead, it will
be remembered, suffered awfully from cholera
{luring the autumn of 1853, while the borough of
Tynemouth, a few miles lower down the same river,
escaped, though portions of it were crowded with
refugees from the above places. This immunity,
it is quite clear, did not arise from any peculiar
la.tural advantages, the borough having been
4everely visited on two occasions, and diarrhoea
'icing very prevalent, though cholera was absent.
ft was, there can be no doubt, the result of cer-
,,ain precautions suggested and superintended by a
listinguished sanitary reformer, whose professional
.xperiezice as a medical man and a sanitary re-
former on the occasions alluded to had been of an
•xtensive nature. The conclusions on which these
,recaationary measures were based possess, itwtilol
be admitted, considerable importance, owing
-.he remarkable success with which those measures
were crowned. And, first, as to contagion. Dr.
GRRENHow is of opinion, as we gather from a
lucid and able paper read by that gentleman be
fore that use
Feb
useful body, the
asthleEt, thatpidem neitherio
Epidemiological
icalinSolcBie3tly
of London, in .
nor in 1849, the occasions alluded to, was cholera

imported into Tynemouth by direct human inter
course, or from patient to patient ; and that
cholera be communicable, it is so only in an un

important degree ; that the water did not propa-
gate it at Tynemouth, as it was supposed to have
done at Newcastle, as at Tynemouth it was not
)olluted with sewage liquid, nor could possibly
have been impregnated with the germs of the di•
4ease unless these were absorbed from the atmo-
sphere; that the pestilence having almost invari-
ably axed its seat in the dirtiest and worst-drainedhre
e
portions of the town, and more especially where
the atmosphere was vitiated by decaying organic
substances, combined with moisture, these ap-
peared to have acted as the localising causes ; that
poverty alone had little influence in predisposing
persons to cholera, 'many of the victims
having been in comfortable circumstances ;
that the mere overcrowding of houses and
defective ventilation of streets only aggravated
the disease, so far as they increase the above
localising causes. That mere elevation or low-
ness of site, apart from the existence of foul
sewers or other local causes, had no influence
over the extent or the severity of the disease ;
that, when cholera is impending, it may
either be averted or mitigated by active measures
of a precautionary nature ; and that, probably,
s.)und sanitary arrangements, which provided for
Cie complete and rapid removal of all the excretm
aad other exuvia-3 of towns, would so improve

their condition as to remove the local causes of

atmospheric impurity, which appear to favour the
development of cholera in a pestilential form.
Such are the conclusions of this gentleman, from
his experience on the above occasions—the escape
of the borough in 1853 confirming them. The
non-contagious or little contagious character of
the disease would, if established, be a vast relief.
The poor patient, were it generally believed,
would not have, in many instances, to contend
with the pangs of wounded feeling on desertion,
as well as the writhings of pestilence. The sup-
posed relative action of a choleraic atmosphere—
decomposed organic matter, overcrowding and
ventilation—if correct, rather diminishes the
received causes of apprehension than increases
them, tending to show that the pestilence origi-
nates in the most readily removable nuisances,
however much want of ventilation and overcrowd-
ing may increase its force and promote its spread.
The paper is well worth a perusal, the facts being
given with ranch brevity and precision, which,
with the utter absence of all traces of the alarmist,
and of an unfair pressure of deduction, leads the
reader to place more than usual confidence in the
author.