The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1818-08-25 00:00:00

REPORT
•
FROM THE COMMITTEE ON
THE PRIsoNs OF THE METROPOLIS.
The Committee appointed to mango, into the State of
Iltrolant.-aatnollibM Pelage. widow the alfie Load**

loot 'be Homes% of Swasheerk, sod so report their °beer.
trothsoo;tottoillsor umbresei of she veld/i.e. tak. os be-
fore three ream tiM to time, to the Hesse void to whom
the priitsew eoWorpriseeers for *be is Wtitiviiiminver

Prins win referreti; sod who Weft instructed to itopsire
Ws the state of Dartmoor Prima, sad to report whether
'it h capable of receiving convicts; have eaassioed the
veneers so tlins referred, cud agreed upon the foliowiug
t
.4birCoiniiiittee, is plomtlitig the inveetigallon of the
state of the bowleg Priers, have considered it Ilse', duty
-laitilre how far the hail liege, in their original site
eosistructioa,' arvaird sod sdrqisale fur the
,pirmises to which they art appropriated; how far those
'that appear in their prerieut shape onifit aid inadequate
rpsy hr rendered waitahM by Cutlets alterations or addl.
Bums ; orif that degree of improvement which would be
amt desirable Should appear likely to lead to an re-
test of outlay which at Iceman may be deemed in's-
pedieui, to cossider what change ia the internal sr.
„.34„esrupeitta they eau 'valiant to reenusosend as likely to
sowelooratioa. With these views, col with an anal-
Adiralaso firer& ,pitroje,4, jheecosomy of the establish.
anits, mud the treatment of the prisoners, your Committee
have whited all the prisons subjected to their inquiry, and
have mossismed before them all those person from who+
they hoped so derive practical and earful information ; and
the Report which they have mow the h .nuur of asikowittinie t..
the Haase is Goaded os their beet J 16411106 to that eel-
' VOW, or as that cistsvictioo, which a pen neat inspection
has aottiovised.
fa visiting these receptacles of wretcheduem and crime,
;pewee so psnifol mad repulsive to the retellings, your Cons-
1. 'Walther, while boom' 1.. recollect that certain hardship. IWO
• tibeettesary mid unavoidable, were mot unmindful of their duly
by (ailing to rensark any neglect or abuse, or improper mm-
e: My. With these views sad eraiimewts, your
'Uwe Itirueerileal ; sad to moiler their Repot as perspersiiiis
w 'omit dl.tiaet a. possible, thee have considered it advisable
• ?to give the result of their inquiry ow the prises. err I-
.' :awl?, mid in the order in whirls they were visited, awl
. ridessee was examosed. The Ind he order, therefore, Is
Newgate.
N RWGATE.

The Prison of New/gage. according to the present sr-
Itantgement, is divided foto madams, yards. eisprowas, aml
swards. Yost, Committee are of 'million that the treiginal
plan of this prison was defective, and the sccosommlation
inadequate foe the purposes to which it as mow applied.-
-pins it is considered That thin prison is destined not only
the reception of a great many owl-sons who are directly
onwasitted. but for the 'recision. of a still greater 'sombre.
who are removed thither lur trial, added to which, • roirsi.
dyeable number who are under seutence of indirisumnent„
end an accumulating of convicts. 'wittier the extant of the
inteersansadation, or the distribution. are each as your Coal-
:Nodes eon roomier *Jewish. or comosseat with that eialei-
fiesifion which your Committee deem of vital importance.
11 may be proper here to iotroduce certain" observatioas.
erlecbisis they apply generally 110 ell the primmest, may, if
ouplarned, obviate dm necessity of repetitioa when report Mg
its, others; and may be referred to se rowel principles
adopted by the Committee; sod if they appear self.eviilent
ere trite, they will the more readily br granted ea amuses.
The wltu'e systems ufealattittened ertswinal jurisprudence is
Ateniord for the prevention of es ime,not of a baker. eishment ;
pheiehnsewt, therefore, as regards society, is not vindictive,
but sabeervieut, soil instrumeutal, in refcience to prevention.
While the hairkships of a prises'. and the patois of law. may
be wisely mutt justly inflicted, it is our duly to take care that
no more is dour or suffered than is conducive to the real
object ; and still more, that we lake care that the means we
employ to clink may not contribute to the increase of
clime: that persons guilty of petty offeuers, from the repe-
tition of which they might be deterred by the first detection,
and the consequent shame and alarm, shall not by our means
be utterly pillaged, hardened, and nrcomplisbed iq depots..
vioy, by a forced commuincation with the most abendumed
and irreel•tamble. To prevent this obvious danger and un-
speakable evil, the attention of year Committee has been
peculiarly directed torrbat they have termed 'elarstalkwa,
not mewl, as regaiding the separation of *beatnik from
the enerkterl, but looking to • much more salutary and ex.
)enekel system. It is quite eunecessary to urge the number.
Iris shades of depravity amongst the untried pdsoners; but
even au iintoce lit person may aufortaualsly be so situated ;
and what in a raise of every day's occurrence, an individual
accused of some very veuisl offence, is doomed In be the
:rompaition, mess-mate, end 'Omelet bedfellow, of the most
abandoned miscreant. Even after conviction the evil pro-
ceeds; for if we can Imagine one unhappy culprit who is
divest(' to regret and repent. he mind have his feektigs
tattooed up or hardened amidst such a mass of vice and
'corentriirin.
Clarrifierdion, therefore, your Committee consider of
the utiinnt Lome ; amid for this desirable object New.
tote uflbrs few facilities. It is ill constructed, deficient iii
spare, and is now unhappily destined to contain, na the ap-
proach of 'vets, Sessions, nearly doable the number of pri-
miners which it might to contain. Ffitherto a large protoon
tion of the prison has been occupied by convicts noder sem
tence of transportation, amounting to 150 permits nt the
time the Committee visited the prison; and all the accused
nu the male side are necessarily crowded together without
diiiiinctino ter discriminatitm and, under the denomination
. of fiuu, all ender senteirce bf imprisonment, whatever the
nature of their offence, are mingled together. The re.
barnal of the transports, therefore, immediately after every
tiessions, seems indispensably necessary; such • relief
onest affroil some prospect of • more unobjectionable ar-
rangement of the primmer*. and Krems absolitely requisite
to afford room fee the numbers removed thither fur trial,
*no, in the opiriirm of your Committee, it is • measure
whirl, ought to he most strongly pressed on the attention
of Gaverrintent. The Howie may judge how far your COM'
%Mire is jii4tilietl in strongly remoustratiog inn Ilium 1101111,
ty adverting to the enumeration of •arals, sad specifica-
tion of the dimensions. It seems sofficient to remark,
that in Wards of thirty-eight for t by fifteen, it has
very lately been necessary to eotifilie from 30 to 40 pt r.
sous, and at former periods from 60 tuna. Those prisoners,
Who, in tie language of die prison, are denominated fines,
that is, theme alio have been 'caseated to imp lementer'. fur
Various tamers. are in a worm situation than die convicts.
They are georrally tome crowded together, and eat, sleep,
nod pass the day ma the same ward, having access to an open
yard. Thematic lb condemned cells, each 9 feet by 7, which
open unto the press-yard, baying two day-rooms appropri-
ated to the prisnaers ender @emirate of death. Your Corn.
miller regret, that, from the coustruct nos of the prison, they
csanoteuggest a satisfactuty alteratiou art this objectionable
part of -The prison, which seems so inimitable to the situa-
tion of the unhappy men. It has so happened, that from
Ort to 10 seder seutenre of death, lisee hero coufiued or this
par t of the pima at one time. Uuder such circumstances,
st hss been townd necessary that some should sleep in the
day-nionts, Slide iu many of the cells three were confined.
Autl although it appears in evidence, that three were fre-
quently so coublied in one cell at the express request of the
prisoners themselves, yet it is a practice which uncut tie
*indicated. It linnet be obvious to every mind, that sorb an
accumulation of unhappy wretches, with such • deficiency of
room and means of separation, is away irrecoucilable with
the solemn situation of those who are plated there to pre.
pare fur death. Your Committee observed with pain, that
tifildren of the temlerest years were eonfiited in the cells
wills pedaled of mature age and usure Confirmed habits of
crime.
As yon; Cognatitten have already expressed, in strong
terms, their opinion as to the expediency of rrim.,irii,x the
Convicts, they abstain from enlarging on the total want of
employment, and other circumattotes FAO prodoctive of evil.
Its the erosided state of the prison little retold be attempted
effectively enforced end" the men. The benevolent exer-
tions of MIN. Fry and her friends, iw the female department
of the prison, have, indeed, by the establishment of a
school, by proCieling work, and encouraging industrious he-
lots, produced the most gratifying change. But much must
he roadbed to Oarcuntling perilous, encashes and inthicuce.

INN
On the male this, •Ilmsipts to give employny.;•l hoes bee*
bailed by (he diabase* prattlers of these on whom tbs tan-
perneot his bees made; and is a petsol se countrified as
blewgate. and wt en there is en frequent • change of pd.
It u diffeall to roister a tweedy. Among fist*"
however, something might he attempted with • prospect uT
sum.% for some are actually eon employed as trade/awn.
Dor Seheetl—Tbe youthful effende.• under le years of
age, untried mod eosriesed, are played together in what is
called The School. They are kept apart (run. the wee con.
truss, and hem the com e(one of the yards fur two Wore ft
day, at which time the men are locked up.
To have a school at all Remised a step towards improve.
went , but a school 8o coostituted mast suggest doubts u
to its moral hermit-MI effects. Al prevent the school M re-
gulated amd taught by a errimiel. The crime of the indivi-
dual so employed (as appears from the evidence) is not of
that nature which is likely to affect or encourage the pro.
penalty whirls these youthful offenders hare indulged • but
if the bertellt of impressive morel instruction is desired,
little coo he hoped from a convict of any description; even
if he is sincere he cannot have influence; for the buye are
aware of the degraded positing of their teacher. If a school
is to be maintained, • Iwrsms of,noblemithed repetition
should be appoialed; and there to be a separation of
ibe profligate from the less contaminated.
Ma:inners —ln adverting to the cleanliness of a great
part of thi• prisou, your Committee have a favourable
report to offer : the yards and wards apiwared on their vi-
silaliun lo be rrouirkshly clean, and various members of the
Committee, who have Individually visited the prison at
other limes, give anu less favourable report. The windows
or the sleeping wards are large, and ore regularly opened,
which secures free circulation of air. But there being no Are
allowed in these chamhers, there is ))))) %efficient ventilation to
venture dampness frym die room and berliling,eapecially ill the
winter month.; theisVwas Doi, however, the slightest thissi of
offenWve sm. II in she sleepiug wards of the couviels obeli
yhor Cu))) visited these want.. But your Committee
could not bat rrivark a great mgt. ct of personal cleanliness
amongst the piniiiiteni genteelly.; and they are of opinio•
that suitable iegulatiolis ought to he a.kiptid to enforce at.
Mot to what is so essential. The Committee cannot give
the same favourahle report th'e ward* approspri3ted In the
Ones; it is °belong that the same system of cleanliness which
is adopted iu the sleeping wands of the cosmic's is there is-
prerltcably, and he ri ineilii.il lint by teaselling the
smother confined in the pronto, and ohm by a real/Val of the
convict., lat a chi rode in the appropriatiou of this gaol to so
many vas ions purposes.
The Rothliag.—The prison allowance of bedding consists
of a bcrepen 111.1 i, winked with a portion of tar, to prevent
the lodgment of vet 11l ill , and to ravingly and two rugs.
This rilliorenee set MY sparing awl Its .ileonate. In wittier
lulls less time three rugs 1110/111.1 he allowed. Your Committee
feel difffeuity ht V 4 nettling to InIV,ZeFt any further improve-
Anent, as any haid,iiip expefictieed from the nature of the
`mat is, perha,,,• compensated by its clemiliamin, and.the
absence of ninny inconveniences attending bedding of au.
tither ilc .caption. et sly, however. br roper that the bed-
ding abosid be more expoard to the air thaw at premien, or
inaiint.te 111Pn.nite4- he take., to remore the damp from the
be,l Zing, wioch, by the evidence of the surgeon, is injurious
to the he'atsleuf die pitievares, • mmoved five the heated day-
motor, and sithjected to the chill of condensed perspiration;
hut olds ergestation hod out twee complied with, as your
Committee did not Aril above twenty mats is the whole
'poison on the male aide; hot each Kintner that has a bed of
his owe, luta permission to bring it into the prison. Your
Committee re frail. 'ivied any opinion us the Moen of the
bedding fur the prisoners, as from the crowded state of the
prison, tire whole subject is line of great ditiiicarlty.
Fwd.—Formerly, the provirion-allowauce was one pound

of beef, without bone, delivered twice a week, .sad soaked
,by the prisoners lipaselves at their own time and pleasure,
and daily 16 moires of brown bread. The 611 h created by
the cooking, Jowl the improvidence of the pinworm, add.
•ed to a icoymeoun of the propriety of Owlet •an allow-
ance of 'vegetables, induced Ibe Conn of Militias's' to
adept a new ligititan. A kitchen has been provided, • cook
appointed, and au attend km of the duet established. The tal-
luwawce now es a piss of good gruel for breakfast ; for dinner,
atterwately, bag a postai' of beef (which, when cooked,
wapitis about mat uumea), end a quart of soup, in winch the
meat was build the previous day, with barley, mad a
earjety of ssegeteblee. This chanze has here of etreullal
benefit, and has been generally approved of. Aud your
,Coasmittee, ors matore.sletitscrat ion, and Ismailia, themselves
pf the best iprugneation Stacy Lave been able to acquire, con-
siiler the 4iitritaare and description of food wholesome in
, quality, sod au Micas
.in go/amity for persons isi mach eir.
cpanstauces. Nosy of yqur Committee have tasted the
breast, and I have tasted the sump said,qrnel, Nod are
PerfectlY yttiaked 'bat they ace good of their kind. The
bread, an particular, which is Liked at Giltspur•street
Compter, by a ',seisms employed by the Capri of Aldermen,
was, whets the Committee visited the prison, of a good and
wbulesousequality.

• - -
Cfolkiag.—As there is no prison dress adoated is New-
-4044 the iiismtvilliousiof your Committee can only refer to
the clothing belonging to the pri.uners theusiwlres • satoiti
these it awns nest in various iststuuces there Mae hero
very great 'At ficietecy of clothiwg ; many art couiontleil to
prison half naked. °therein-e hi the habit of selliug their shoes
84 other parts of their derail; but for such as may not he
guilty of such practiees, and who are destitute, there does
not appear to be soy regular source from whence they can
be relieved. There is what is called the Sheriff,' Food,
which is totally inadequate. sod therefore from time to time
the Court of Akiensen miler a din. ibutiou of clothing.
Your Committee =moot take upon them to recurumciol any
E"eral regulation for clothing. Your Conintince having
been assured that there is nu imlispositiou on the part of ate
Court of Alilernieu to gr au t refuf, and trusting that dtrY
sill order all clot's of real sweeten), to he reported to then.,
or 50 br relievtil by their ollieers, it tnnst rest with them to
order supplies, which wont be regulated altogether iiy
cirri 1111 l

7'ottameal.—On this head there has been no complaint
from soy quarter which has reached the knowkdge of your
Commitire. It is their duty to Sidle a hde improvement in
this particular. It had been the invariable practice, up to
the piebent year, lu put the accused in irons immediately
on their cummitenrut lu Newgatc; this was deemed necre-
oury to guard against escape, and hail, in some instances,
been the mean, of detecting those attempting in csrape in
disguise. The Gaol Committee of Akkinses, however, have
"'"Iv""" antkiftlt a fair experiment of indulgences; and
so order to exclude sti,itors from tie interior
of the pn>nn (with certain known'e al..' reasonable excep-
tions). the irons leave been taken from all the untried; slid
your Committee t►nst that a regulation an consonant with
the situation of an umeoacieled person way be fully justified
by the result.

ilmlesisnry.—Although liberal provision is made, and the
utmost care and nitentior are paid to such as in railw-
aymen& of sickness are plated in she infirmary, your Curs.
metier regret that here, as in other quarters, their, is uo
distinct' of persons. 'llw untried, the convicts, and even
Ile condemned, are all placod 14 the same ward, and ibis
bilious from the saute imp-r 1 111 l s rause, want of sufficient
accommodation: when other improvements are made, this
tvtly your Com 11l i l tee expect, cannot fail to be rectified.
Geoteral Health —lt is must aralifying to your Com-
mittee to stale, that Miliougli numbers are committed to this
pi cans in a stale of disease, yet us, fermi ing to the lists in
the surgeon's book, soul comparing the numbers with the
■mount of those in confinement, thuttEls the number of sick
in the last year Los been great, the inupursiou of deaths is
much 1.14 than your Coininitsee were prepared to expect.
Great praise remains doe to Mr. Bus fur hie attention and
Medical skill. Your Committee have to regret that great
irconseuience bas arisen (sum the crowded state of the in-
firmary, both on the smile and female side, although could.
&Table improvement has recently taksii place. Your Com-
mittee observe that there is no room appropriated for the
reception of primmer.. on their CMUMltalria, so that flung
say be inspected by the ausgeun lyclure they are mixed gr-
ur►ally in the hods; apRI they slim st the propriety of WI
pertou Wag su admin..' tins 11 he lion been ingpetted by the
surgeon, as thi y remark that ins less than sixteen 'mesons
tette aihnitted with fever sheriog Ike meets months of the
year 1817. And they canon, help also obactritoc that a
real inconvenience ariaes Irons she Middlesex commitments,
being friquently so late at night that tke surgeon has but

Ilse rovJonity of seeing the prisoners before they are
plate,. in Ilse yards.
Rafiginine hafruction —Public Service is performed on
Sundays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, and private on other
days, to the coodemord. One merrier only was performer! on
311. days. hr.t the Court of Aldermen have caused their orders
to he eniorred, otiosely, morning 31111 CV(11111.7 service on
Sandals. The Ordinary visits the prison deity, to give re-
_mos unitruetimi to such persons who profess • desire to
receive it, and irl order of the Court of Aldermen to *Joni-
iiister the sacrament once a month. Your Committee re-
mart, that the chapel is ealenlitril to conlitin 350 persona,
dming the period of your Committer% inquiry, Ito
less than four bemired rued sixty prisoners were at one time
in the prisms ; in order then to remedy ibis iocusivenience,
they would suggest the propriety of dividing the service un
Sunday, the morning heing appropriated for the male, and
the evening fur the female prisoners; anti that nu prnions
within the Pillion shall be permitted to absent themselves,
unless their particular religion prevents them from attend-
ance on worship of the Church of England.
On the whole, therefore, it appears to your Committee,
that so far as the construct. and extent of Norgate will
permit, the treatment of the plisonen genitally is such as
meta with their approbation. The prison fare flora nut
app•sr worse, or mote severe, than is consistent with such an
"snhlishmenti or injurious to the health of the priwniem.
The tit teutiou of a former Committee was directed to *
crowded state of Newpte, vatic+ at that lbw wan the plat*
of confinement, not only or eriennirels, hut also for debtors.
The new prison in 1% hitecromsotrect has relieved Iliewitateirf
the debtors ; yet, with the conviction of the tolpothoterof
etits:ifirAtinsi, and •eparltion, which your Committee cannot!
too frequently, ow to.. strongly, press on the attention of the
House, they consider the secumnsidations of Ali prison as
still altogether inadiarate,
Wheal the local position of Newgate is considered, and the
great expense •Irrarly incurred by W. City of London, if
cannot Le expected Mai the prem.'st gaol shillala he pulled
down and a beater constructed, more ClllO 1111 l /.1101111, 4011
101411:41141.1144pr1111140r1Ard in ilia place, whfdt rowltl only.
be effected at a most ensiaminso expanse. Your Committee,
therefore, must routine theirmicxesti.ma of improvement to
•ehausge its the appropriation of the present buildings.
It appears to your Committee, that very tunterial int-
prolentent may be facilitated without any gnat or unreason-

Shit sacrifice. The secular sad immediate removal of con-
victs after eves)! !Waning would give berme for sway im-
modest. alti ratitna; and provision ought to he made fur
that purpose, by an estableihment, where, Maim' of
being in a state of filth and idlnuu, lbe cutivicts may be
usefully employed. And they nosy further remark, that if
larcenies wine tried al the quarter Semitone, as to other
counties, instead of being tried al the Old Bailey, a rum
'tolerable influx of pepariati.• would he presented. Hut,
if your Committee might venture to Rugg. at, Out appears
lo them the 'host expeibeut ars aiigerneiii, awn mould mum.
Burial that Newgatc, as attached to the Oki Bailey, should
he exclusively appropriated to prisoners fur trial. Ur a
review, then, of the whole evidence eonceriiitig Neargata,
as well as from the observations they were aide to make
while loveethic the prison, your Committee arc decidedly
of opinion, iltal the public interest requires a speedy alters.
In the condition of Newitate. 'Do y impute no blame
lu the present keeper (Mr. Brown) suit the orders and redia•
lotions he has adopted ruder the satalio9 of the City
Magistrates ere a great impriweineni ; but the want
of sufficient room to elasaify the prisoners—the ectire
shimmer, as fares the men and boys are concerned, of all
employment—the promiscuous assemblage of persons of all
descriptions, *gee, mid etiarecteis of crime, have deeply
impressed your Committee with the opinion, that no sow
can enter the walls of Newgate witbont going out from
thence inure depraVeil and rum ru pt. than wheu first com-
mitted theretp. And though the Magirtrates of the City 'if
London have 111WW111 a praise-murthy disipriiiitims to remedy
the grievances complained of in former times, yet, from. the
over-crowded state of the prison, cud the
1111.1114 t ion tor it. Homeroom isihstidant., the main and poi.
mitten( evils cannot be removed; and still less would it be
possible so to regulate its interior arrange men( as to fir it
for 'tube polemics of reformatory punishment which the
good of society requires.

DARTMOOR PRISON.
Your Committee have received in evidence, that the forest
of Dartmoor contains about 130,000 acres of laud, one-fifth
of which is enclosed; and that a considerable part is the
perry of his Royal Highness the Pfister liege t, ass Duke of
Cornwall :Twat the prism) thereon has formerly emit ained
frons.S,ol.lo to 9,000 prisoners of war ; and it is stated that
2,1011 convicts may be well secured there, with proper di-
visions fur tlassitical and wurk.ruoms. It appears,
►y professional evidence laid before your Committee,
that the situation of the prison on Dartmoor is indisputably
healthy; that provisio•a are cheap; that Mel is it. he ac-
quired fur the tabour Daly ; and that the utmost 4 apprises
fur the proposed MI. ration of the prison would nut exceed
5,000/. 11 is evident to your Committee, that the 'proposed
conversion of Dartmoor prison into • primps' fur curate's,
would place of its • more p►rfect elate fur a prison 14 war at
ray future period ; as your Committee have reerivid iot evi-
.dence, that if it remains unoccupied it most itoeritahly
fall into decay. Your Committee, therefore, beg leave to
direct the autotiou of his Majesty's Government to this
subject ; fur the prisoners might he speedily removed from
the contagious vices of the metropolis, wherein the rumple-
Atm of one crime to mostly the preciosur of another Inure
iniquilnaa; and the youthful delinquent, by compselsatiory
labour, in the first istatrace, would lw withdrawn from those
habits of ;divot's which never fail to engem'. r depravity,
and to afford ■n opportunity fur the imitatras of bad
maniple.
hly such regulations, it appears to your Committee that
the wane of actual subsistence woulJ be acquired by the
rays lions of the convict■ themselves, therein affording au
Incitement 111 labour, rod erasequetitly an usgent
for • return to vortionua habits. Dartmoor abounds
with granite of ■n excellent quility, well ■stapled fur the
pssrposes of buildinz ur paving; most as his Majesty's. Go.
yerunient, are at this titne puscha.iog large qratitities fur
various public conks, yout 'Comin;ltee coat-rive that cos.
vies would be capable of eittlieg granite to any extent for
each purposes, and that sock ■ protest would idealise the
lard, rod remoter it fit for cultivation. Tool also may lbe cut
to any quantity, and a canal or iron railway might convey
it to Plymouth. There are also great falls of water in
every part of the moor ; and your Committee me of upi-
wion cloth might he mranfarturrol by the prisoners roc
their own Hulking, as Large qua. tttt les aeons-se wool east he
obtained upon Mr spot. On this subject your Committie
beg to refer also to the Report of the Transport Mood.
ThE House will °loner, that Ist the judgment of ermal re-
spectable witnesses, great advantages may be derived from
the application of the taboo's. of (movie** at Dartmoor. On
this your Committee refrain from expression any rip' ' ;
but they think it proper to direct the attention of the House
to the evidence in the Minutes on that subject.
MayB, ISIS.

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

Tii E BAIT' SH PRESS;

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