The Sun.
London, England, 1855-01-25 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING-, JANUARY 25, 1855.

THE FRENCH LOAN.

Varna and Bucharest, so that no time may be lost in
the transmission of intelligence from the Crimea, and
with various other powers and instructions. —Daily
News.

We have received the Moniteur• of yesterday.
It contains the following article on the success of
the loan. The article has a political as well as a
financial signification :
"The success of the first atternptat anational loan gua-
ranteed the success of the new appeal which the Emperor
recently addressed to the country ; yet the result has ex-
ceeded every expectation. Never did a people,' as the
Minister of Finance observes in his report, ' give to their
Sovereign so striking a proof of confidence and devotion.'
The Emperor asked France for 500,000,000, the deputies
unanimously .voted them, France responded by offering
four times the amount, and foreign States, associating
themselves to this national manifestation, give it the
character of a European manifestation.
" Two millards 200 millions of francs were subscribed
in 12 days. To judge by the crowds at the last moments,
another week would have added considerably to this
et.ormous capital. The crowd was so dense at the Trea-
sury, at the mairies, at the finance receivers', at every
place where subscriptions were taken, that a great num-
ber of persons could not take part in them. Never was
such eagerness displayed—and this in the time of war,
in the middle of winter, when we have scarcely reco-
♦ered from a crisis in the price of food, and without any
acts having been resorted to to stimulate the zeal of the
subsoribees.

Extract from the letter of an officer of H.M.S. In-
flexible, dated Varna, Jan. 9 :
On New Year's-day we left this place for the Crimea
with Omer Pacha, accompanied by the commissioners
Colonels Simmons and Dieu, Prince Sturdza, and suite.
On Wednesday morninghishighness landedat Eupatoria
and examined the defences of the place (where there are,
I believe, about 10,000 troops, mostly Turks; with 40
guns), and there he left fighting old Iskender Bey, the hero
of Karakal. On Thursday morning we started again,
and passing through the fleet lying off Kazatch and
Kamiesh bays, where the admiral saluted the Pacha,
proceeded to Balaklava. The Muchir had intended to
examine the coast on the way down, as it was said that
the Russians were again in force on the Alma ; but the
snow fell heavily and continuously, and pi evented our
approaching the land.
Immediately after we had anchored at Balaklava Col.
Simmons rode up to the front to acquaint Lord Raglan
and General Canrobert of the Pacha's arrival, and next
day, the sth, his Highness took part in the council of
war which was held.

(From the Journal de Constantinople.)
EUPATORIA, Jan. 3.—A body of 10,000 good Ottoman
troops is now at Eupatoria, under the command of
Behram Pacha and Teffik Pacha, the son-in-law of Omer
landed, having
hbea
abureateilicloenrcyoc niosnvhse
ieysretesd
and forfo maabpolraura Yarns
60%; tot
the
ye
ecitatvdeailCsreyoi
Pacha. On the 31st of Dec. the battalion of sharpshooters
TpilhimnebetdOwinneTnhEiaTss been fortified by French and English en-
gineers, and at this moment can make head against
100,000 Russians. The French, English, and Turks live
on very friendly terms together. The military governor
of Eupatoria, a good administrator and an excellent
officer, M. d'Osincett, whose rank on the staff is that of
a cheld'escadron, is indefatigable in bringing everything
into a state of order, and he has organised a Tartar
police. The Tartars ask for arms, and go out to fight
courageously against the Cossacks, whose pickets and
outposts can be seen by the town sentries. A few
skirmishes §ometimes come off, but the Congreve rockets
terrify the enemy and his horses to such a degree, that
they dare net venture too near the town, which has now
a moat round it. This moat was dug by the Turkish
troops under the direction of French engineer officers,
both commissioned and non-commissioned. There is no
want of provisions, and yet a few merchants would do
well if they came to Eupatoria.
On the 24th of December last, the Egyptian vessel on
shore, a little in front of the French Henri IV., caught
fire and burned down to the water's edge. The guns
will be saved and all that is in the hold. About fifty
seamen, who came from Constantinople on board the
Mubhi Surur, are busy at the salvage. The weather has
been fine, and the cold is not great—a fortunate thing
for the Tartar villagers who have taken refuge in the
town and are without provisions. The Tartan are em-
ployed at digging trenches and on the fortifications ; they
are supplied with rations, but Are very greedy, very lazy,
and very ignorant.
We have in the roadsted the Leander, Captain' the
Hon. G. J. Hastings, of the English navy.
The French ship Henri IV. has 100 men on board
with guns, aid the Russians cannot approach on that
side. The cavalry, some 7,000 strong, form a cordon
about Eupatoria ; they have artillery with them, and
prevent the inhabitants from bringing supplies to the
town. Everything is now imported by sea.
The roadsted of Eupatoria is bad during the winter,
and the landing is difficult on account of the surf. There
is also a deficiency of barges and boats for the service.
The Tartars break up whatever they can for fuel, and
one to List needs keep a good look out, or they would carry
away the roofs of the houses and destroy the boats drawn
up on the beach. The town is full of mud, and in every
street you meet with the dead bodies of animals at every
step. The Tartars eat the young horses, and throw the
offal into the streets. We are luckily in the winter, or
otherwise we should have the plague. Notwithstanding
the season, there is a high rate of mortality among the
inhabitants ; the prevailing malady is typhus.
Troops are sent every day from Varna. The Indiana
arrived on the 3d with 1,500 troops and the ferik
Mehemet Pacha on board. During the night of the 31st
nit. the Niger, a war steamer, arrived also from Sebas-
topol. It brought no news of importance. They have
engaged here 200 Tartar labourers to go and work at
Balaklava. The Ottoman Government would do well to
settle some of these folks in Bulgaria, for they would
form excellent horsemen, and, as military colonists,
would cultivate the plains along the bank of the Danube.
In consequence of the bad weather on the Ist and 2d
of this month, the troops which arrived from Varna could
not be landed. On the 3d the weather turned out fine,
and the Colombo, after landing its troops on board, will
be able to proceed to Balaklava with a hundred sump-
ter-horses brought from Varna, for the officers of the
British army. A few days ago they brought here about
800 Tartar horses, and sent them off to Balaklava.

" It is not possible to mistake the significance of this
great political event. The object of the loan was known.
In his speech at the opening of tue Chambers the Em-
peror bad loudly declared that it was not to provide for
the expenses of France at home, as, since the restoration
of order, the revenues of the country amply sufficed for
all its wants, but solely to furnish the means for carrying
on the war with renewed vigour. It is nevertheless to
a financial operation thus clearly defined that not only
France and England eagerly associated themselves, but
also Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, and even, Germany.
" The bril:iant success of this operation is more than
a victory—it is the means of gaining victories. If money
is the sinew of war, France has just proved that she
does not want money, any more than she does soldiers ;
and that the Emperor can count equally upon the purse
as upon the arms of the citizens.
"It would be difficult to exaggerate the bearing of such
an event. When a nation has been able to declare
through the mouth of its chief that it has in its army
and navy nearly 60,000 soldiers, 120,000 horses, and
70,000 sailors embarked on board ship, and offers im-
mediately four times the amount that it is asked for to
carry on the struggle, there is in this combination of
strength placed at the service of European right more
than one legitimate subject of satisfaction for itself and
of
future against every eventuality.
oEnrfiedoe nic ue
o forur its A
worst
lhdaeys ; there is security for the
the military resources of
France were never contested. Every one knows that
soldiers spring up like armed veterans from this heroic
soil, but who could have guessed the extent of its finan-
cial resources? In this respect France herself was ig-
norant of it ; she only knew herself when she hearkened
to that sympathetic voice which had already successfully
appealed to her before. The national loan has renewed
the prodigies of the universal vote, and it was reserved
to him who saved France by enabling her to manifest her
sentiments, to reveal to her all the riches she contains
within herself.

"For it was truly France that quadrupled the last
loan. She is proud and thankful for the testimony she
has received from neighbouring States ; but in the mass
of subscriptions the produce of foreign funds does not
exceed the proportions of a sympathetic manifestation.
" After the grandeur of the result, what cannot be too
much pointed out as an indication of the wealth and
future prosperity of the country is the number of small
subscribers, and the amount of capital paid into the
Treasury at the moment of the operation. Who could
have supposed that France could place 400,000,000 f. at
the immediate disposal of tho Government, and that
without the slightest inconvenience or bar to the general
movement of commerce and industry?
"The great capitalists also came with an enthusiasm
for which praise is due to them to offer a proof of their
confidence and adhesion to the Government ; but their
concurrence was not necessary, and, as the Minister of
Finance observed, they ought to congratulate themselves
upen it. If the immediate advantages of the loan fall
exclusively to the small subscribers, the great cipi-
talists find in the unparalleled success of this financial
operation, and in the results which it promises, a large
compensation.
"Nothing tends more to consolidate credit and to give
a new impetus to the public wealth than this confi-
dence
i
1 which
ht
offers to the Government
,asked, and this loyalty of
700,0o0f0,t0hois of. nation,
more
than
the Government, which at once returns the excess, so as
not to take it out of the current of business.
" The total sum of the small subscriptions amounts to
figures speak elu-
-850,000,000f., being 850,000,000 f. more than the sum
demanded. It is here especially that
quently. On nearly 180,000 subscriptions less than
10,000 f. are above 500 f. of Bente ; 170,000 do not ex-
ceed 500 f., and in this number the smallest ones—those
which do not come up to 500 f., and which are the pro-
duce of the savings of the working classes—represent
more than 300,000,000 f. of capital.
" Doubtless in this universal display of confidence and
patriotism speculation bad its part. But, among those
who looked upon the loan as a good speculation, how
many of them were moved only by the desire of gain
And even in their eagerness to subscribe we must behold
another proof in favourof the credit and policy of France.
But the agriculturist, the workman, the small capitalist
—that is to, say, the immense majority of the subscribers
—they are completely strangers to speculation. They
beheld in the Jana aatideal duty toh. accomplished,
and at the same time an"eppertuntty for safe in at-
meat of their savings. The Feur-and-a-Half per Cents.,
which do not offer speculation, counted more than a
third of the small subscriptions. Of the 40,000,000 of
Rentes taken by the small capitalists, 14,000,000 belong
to the Four-and-a-Half per Cents.
" The Rentes on the State are part of the public for-
tune. But, as before 'B9 the soil of France was divided
among a small number of large proprietors, so before the
first attempt at a national loan the great capitalists were
alone called upon to participate in the benefits of the
loans. The Emperor desired, as the debts of the State
are a charge for all, that the advantages offered by the
-Rentes should be accessible to all. The national sub-
scription will have produced in the Rents a revolution
analogous to that of the principles of 'B9 in property.
The same consequences will result therefrom : the diffu-
sic)* of wealth and the enlar,,eemeut of the bases of social
order—that is to say, new bonds which will attach the
masses to the tranquillity and prosperity of the country:"

TDB TURKISH EXPEDITION TO THE
CRIMEA.

VARNA, Jan. 10.—The winter is dragging its slow
length along, and the work of transporting the Turkish
army to the Crimea has as yet made but very little pro-
gress. It is an undoubted fact that intrigues on a
large scale are being carried on against Omer Pacha,
the prime mover being one of the principal members of
itnh e
the
o thepresent Ministryandto throw every obstacle in the way of
;th his supporters half the old pachas
e modus operandi general and
of the army, by holding back supplies,
m
ns,&c., hoping he may,then come in for the
strenuousn yovp recountry,oiny
ieffortsen
whole load of the blame. This may seem a very asinine
scheme in England, where the press is ever on the
watch, where the administration is well-organised, po-
litical honesty the rule, political dishonesty the excep-
tion, and where every department works more or less
under the public eye. But, nevertheless, intrigues of
this sort, childish and ridiculous as they may seem, prove
many a man's ruin inTurkey, have brought many a proud
head under the sword of the executioner, when a great
man's cranium was one of the most acceptable gifts the
sovereign could offer to his subjects ; and they are evan
now sufficient to consign great talents and brilliant ser-
vices to obscurity and oblivion. The do wnfal of Omer
tchheileefasdwinhgosugbrjaeccet
Yarnsofthethoughts
and I have little doubt that were
PPahlrea'edelsehconversation
Ydnelob'ofynmtole
moment,
t'
European influence, they would effect
it. He has given various causes of offence. He is of
giaour origin ; he has been, too successful ; has reached
too high a grade ; is too cordial with Europeans ; acts
too much by their advice ; is not sufficiently Turkish in
his manners ; is not prone to embezzlement, and does not
permit it in others when he knows of it ; and is free from
one or two darling vices of the Turkish aristocracy, to
which I dare not allude more particularly than to state
that in England they are punished by transportation
for life. As regards the ultimate issue of the delibera-
tions of this conclave I entertain no apprehensions what-
and beyond a mere mention they deserve no notice.
presence of so many functionaries here at present
Teisv,hee hr'owever, a curious illustration of the Turkish style
of doing business. To superintend the embarkation of
the troops Omer Pacha had selected Mashur Pacha (Sir
Stephen Lakeman), who was certainly a man in every way
fitted for the work from his sound common sense, his prac-
taincdalhtiusrbnuosn
fimeisnsd, his English way of looking at things,
habits.
Count Koscelki, a Polish officer of
speaking Turkish
the Turks thoroughly, had been
already sent here by Lord Raglan and General Canrobert
for the same purpose. These two acting under Omer
gfirtieeanttmly,eraint
daVnionwdeilfagtigable industry,
Pacha would have been amply sufficient for the work ;
but the Constantinople wiseacres seem to have thought
otherwise, and hardly a week or even three days now pass
that a steam-frigate does not make its appearance in the
harbour with a new functionary on board, who lands
amidst salutes of 21 guns from the batteries, surrounded by
about 50 attendants, and with fully as much baggage as
as Omer Pacha's lieutenant on
a regiment of infantry. Ismail Pacha arrived the other
gneflic4sis absence in the Crimea. This
day in this manner, with the view, it is said, of installing
thehim spelfapnuet•feadsuaruint
gentleman, though a brave man, and perhaps the best of
amongst others,
bisehliefavielinthgast ;the Turkish forces
an overweening confidence in the Sultan's resources,
which leads him to think the Anglo-French alliance per-
plan for ousting him.
unnecessary,hfeicsticylassihas
alone are amply sufficient to deal with the Russians.
He is, consequently, by no means disposed to co-operate
cordially with Europeans, detests Omer Pacha, and is
several
a n Td u
tr
ok
Omer Pacha arrived on Monday from the Crimea in
the Inflexible. It appears the Allied generals have pro-
ready to take part in any
mised him transports, and he is now about to hasten the
embarkation of the army as much as possible. The news
from Sebastopol is not very favourable. The houses are
st Balaklava, and also plenty of wood, but it appears
that there is no means of transporting them to the camp;
consequently the men are often obliged to eat their food
raw, and many have died in consequence. Some officers,
too, in trying to warm their tents with charcoal have
been suffocated.
The Turks are now embarking every day. The Hon.
Mr. Cadogan arrived here last night ; he has come out,
it is said, to establish telegrppbic communication between

marched in the direction of Eupatoria, for we no longer
I perceive its fires on the neighbouring heights. The
Russian General, it is said, intends to attack the
Turkish division before it receives reinforcements
from the army on the Danube. But no fears are
entertained for the security of the place, which has
been put in a respectable state of defence by French
officers of engineers and artillery. The 12,000 or
14,000 men already landed there are, besides, more than
sufficient to repulse the enemy. The reconnaissance
made, in the last days of December, by General Bosquet,
at the head of a considerable force, had for its principal
object to destroy Tchourgoum, and to seize the provi-
sions collected there by the Russians. The expedition
completely succeeded. The village was reduced to ashes,
after our troops had removed therefrom all the articles
worth carrying off. The Russians did not display on
that occasion the same courage they exhibited on other
rencontres. Our Zouaves struck terror into them, and
they fled on their approach. The loss of the enemy was
not so serious as it would have been had they offered re-
sistance. The French returned with 40 prisoners and
50 horses, having had only 4 killed and 10 wounded,
two of whom were officers. All our troops, as well as
the Turks, are now comfortably hutted. The same can-
not, unfortunately, be said of the English. Their huts
are still at Balaklava, and the bad state of the reads pre-
vent them from transporting them to their camp. Th,
trenches, on the other hand, are literally under water,
and the siege operations are consequently suspended
for the present. In the evening of the 3d a strong
i
division of Cossasks made its appearance n the
vicinity of Balaklava. The Russian Generals, no
doubt, intended to draw thither a part of our force,
for, on the following morning, they sallied out of
the batteries of the Garden, and attacked the French
lines. Their attempt, however, was unsuccessful. They
were quickly repulsed, and vigorously driven back into
the place. Omar Pasha, accompanied by Mustapha Pasha
and some English and Fi ench officers, arrived on the sth
at the head-quarters of the Allies, where he was enthusi-
astically received. After a visit paid by the Turkish
Generalissimo to Lord Raglan and General Canrobei t, a
council of war, at which AdmiralLyonsand Bruat assisted,
sat for several hours. As you may suppose, the result
of that conference was held secret. However, from what
transpired, it is believed by the superior officers that
Omer Pasha, at the head of an army of at least 50,000
men, reinforced by an Anglo-French division, will
operate, toward the close of the month, to the north of
Sebastopol, keeping in check the Russian troops rest-
ing on Simpheropel and the reserves which may arrive
from the interior of Russia. Prince Menschikoff
appears determined not to risk any general affair.
Perhaps his army is still uncler the impression of
its defeat at Inkerman, or he relies on the effects of
the inclemency of the season on our soldiers. This las t
opinion is evidently entertained by the Russian General,
who is reported to have said—' Our troops may rest ;
Generals January, February, and March will fight
their battles far better than they could.' These are in
reality the auxiliaries on which the Russians always
most confidently rely, for it is to them they are indebted
for their most decisive successes. But thank God 1 the
situation of the allied armies is such that they can
bear without any great inconvenience the inclemency of
a climate to which they are now inured, and it is little
probable that the Russians themselves are in so favour.
able a condition. Moreover, under existing circum-
stances, eight days of fine weather may totally change
the aspect of affairs. At the request of Lord Raglan
our intendance placed 10,000 cloaks with hoods at the,
disposal of the English army, which, consequently, now
wears the French uniform."