The Sun.
London, England, 1855-12-19 00:00:00

.
T.FIE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 19 185 5.
eleven, and Feb. 2, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. .
' From the London Gazette of Last Night. .....m••••••••,....
THE CURRENCY QUESTION. , cause we can control and watch the proceedings length that this enterprisino individual carried in his .of the governed should be considered as well as
Pennell, official assignee, Basirghall-street ; Yenning, Country Markets.
and dealings of such of an institution, and because, carpet-bag 100,000/. or 200,0101. portable Dutch Steen) those of the governing ? Is it the end for which _nee__
-4
Naylor, and Robins, Tokenhouse-yard, London. _____......_____
knowing the profits attending the exercise of the and sold it in either market, negotiating bills against it, , Government was created that it should take care of FOREIGN OFFICE, DEC. 15.
( From, the Daily iVews.)
The Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. Albert SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS. LIVERPOOL-DEC. 18.
letter power so grante3, we can exact a large equivalent just as he could contrive to turn a few guilders. This I itself, and utterly neglect and damage the interests
In the columns of a morning contemporary a
Pillsbury au Consul at Halifax, Nova Scotia, for theunited Skinner, Notraan, and Ceo merchants, Glasgow, Dec. There was a good attendance of town dealers and millers
for the benefit of the State. The equivalent hitherto was free competition. rut it only proves that the new
Stt,,,,,iliof America.
has appeared under the signature of " Mercator," which
d exacted has been the cheap management of the national element of foreign securities now introduced to an ,: of the people ?
' ' You say " there is a force and simplicity in the
WAR-OFFICE, DEC. 18. 2G, at two, at the Globe Hotel, Glasgow. from a distance who bought to a moderate extent of wheat
David Brown Watson, coach proprietor, Glasgow, Dec. at ld to 2d per 'bushel on Tuesday's rates, but rather lower
is understood to be from the pen of a well-kn.own a vo.-
debt, and the lending of fourteen millions, without in- incalculable amount, acts upon the exchanges just
. words, ' I promise to pay on demand.'" Now. I --'''''
28, at one, at the Globe Hotel, Glasgow.
cate of the Bank Act of 1844, w e extensive expert-
BREVET. lower than on Friday. Red American lls 2d, and white
terest, for Government purposes. The amount so lent •as much as so much sugar or tallow imported or
w. i‘ll. orap le with you on that point and show thit,
DIVIDENDS DECLARED. Ils 10d to 12s id per 701bs. Flour neglected, at a decline
ence as a banker gives great weighh_eotas ho his o inions on
o a t•pl in the The undermentioned promotions to take place cense-
financial subjects. Although n I din, rIF e will now be fourteen million four hundred and seventy- exported. The seller of a million of Russian or
Tient upon the death of the following officers :-General James Crouch and Job
.Crouch, of Wimbledon, Surrey, of 6d per sack and barrel. Oats and oatmeal a slow sale
five thotvand, because of the increase consequent upon Austrian Stock in the London market -a Demi_ taxing thpese words. in the se.nse used in the Bask
at '
, 6d
same journal has endorsed tbe views set forth in the let-
the withdrawal of country notes. WhY did Sir Robert doff or an Esterhaz.Y.-can carrn: away its amount ,of England note, they contain more of fraud, folly, sir John Brown_, died Nov. 16. Minor-General F Mark builders, first div. of 3id. in the pound, payable at 1, Sam- per 24elbs lower than last week. No change in bar-
(r osed to le uiesce f 11 •
ter, we are by no means isp nq. . uy in
Peel fix this limit for the amount to be issued without a in gold ; and how is the operation to be detected ? d • h 1 ' b
; and mystification than any wor sin uman aa-
ekln.ed;tfraicjkorPwanilllHiaaminecs,lahraklen,
am,
onoe ._ , eu enan - eneral James Lindsay, Dec.s.
_ Nv2l• Li t tG ' j • * . brook-coart, Basingheenstreet, on Wednesday, Dec. 19, len, beans, and peas, and a limited sale. Prime mixed In-
Col 1 John Cox, half-pay unattached, to be Major-
° Cl oo
°1
oe n 1 and three following Wednesdays. dian corn difficult to move at 41s 3d to 44s exl per qr., and
these vie ws, or to suffer some of the principles contained
41s 6d for yellow.
therein to pass unchallenged. We demur, for instance, gold equivalent in deposit ? Because he it: seined the The Rothschilds, the Raphaels, and the Bischoff- ' gunge.
amount to be the lowest limit of what would be required scheims smile at political economists:, when "these finale The law assumes assigning to the promise to ply Gaeyn e
ur anl
a;t
tLa
ei ehue tde ntaon tb• Ce R. Goodacre, of Nottingham, grocer, first div. of 21.
6d. in the pound payable at Middle-pavement, Notting- I
to the axiom laid down at the outset that " the trade
a definite quantity of gold, it fixes the value of toe
and commerce of a country are carried on, not by for the circulation of the country-experience having cial authorities" pretend to instguct them about the ex- i
Fralf-p unattached, to be Li:tit t-
a Colonel ; Captain ham, on Monday', Deo. 24, and following Monday. IPSWICH-DEC. 18.
CWOilliaamY Radcliffe, 84th Foot, to beerifua'or. - 1.1. Room, of Birmingham, metallic bedstead manufac- The supply f wheat has fallen ff
MMISSIONS SEGNED BY LORD-LIEUTENANTS. turer, first div. of Is. 6d. in the pound, payanle at 7, Wa- made were aboout Is per qr. less then° l'astanwdeetkh.° Bfeawrlegyatill
means of its paper money or its circulation, but by means showed that for many years the quantity of notes in cir- changes. Mr. Pitt was more diffident. But he, be- I note. It does no such thing as fix that valse.
culation had never been below that figure. Of course he nighted man ! had not studied under the modern self- 1 Abundance and scarcity are the only regulators of
farmer, first and only a chance sample of peas.
of its capital." That the capital of a country should be
took the side of caution when applying a new principle satisfied philosophers, who have placed our currency value.
Gent., to be Lieutenant, vice Mason, appointed Ensign 824
Royal North Lincoln Militia-Walter Stewart Brown te.rloo-street, Birreiftr:gzczyzetzt, tolerable supply, at a decline of ls to 25 per qr. No beans,
the measure of its commercial transactions is unques-
+o the bankin system of the country. The experience of upon an immutable basis.
By the issue of paper money, in addition to gcld P. Greenslade, o
tionably true ; and when those transactions are con-
-1'847-48 h gve roved the amount to have been fixed In this rich country, abounding with wealth above all Foot • William Longstaffe junr. Gent. to be Lieutenant, div. of 4nd. in the pound, payable at Queen-street, Exeter, NM QUARTER. PEE QUARTIO.
fined to barter or to dealings for specie, the rule money, money is made more abundant ; abundant - ' • • '• "
vice McDakm, appointed Ensign, 42d Foot ; Charles Key- on any Tuesday or Friday. Wheat, red (01d)... 76s to 80s Barley, grinding ... 365 to 38
too low' anodwesinrcel3lB44 19 and 20 millions sterling favoured nations since the creation of the world, within
may equally hold good ; but the object of creat- money creates confidence, investments are mu:ti- R. J. S. Robins, of Tavistock, Devonshire, attorney, Ditto (new)
have ben found to be the ordinary and average quan- a few years we have raised 300 millions bf currency, con- worth, Gent., to be Lieutenant, vice Deane, resigned ;
plied, a vast quantity of bills at a date are created, Messing Thomas Laxton, Gent.,to be Lieetenant, viceßur-
ing paper money is to raise trade beyond this pri• nni, first div. of 4s. 61 in the pound, payable at Queen-street, Ditto, white e2s to 86s Peas
of? Bank of England notes required milder the verted into fixed capital, to establish a system of loco-
a np.ayBa,blae n
dat
a4nsy, 49e to 51/0
rnitive system by putting into circulation a por•
gt•l em • ton, appointed Ensign, 14th Foot ; Robert Henry Owston, Exeter, on any Tuesday or Frida.y. • Ditto (old) -
•onoition of convertibility at all times for gold, and motive intercommunication ; besides investing, perhaps, this increased quantitY of money and the increased
A. Ateheson, of Strangeways, Lancashire, wine mer- Barley, malting ... 39s to 41nFlour, per sack -
tiun of the fixed capital of the trader, or of his empire- subject to the restriction, which it is very importent to an equal amount of surplus income in internal and eo- rapidity of its circulation lower its value, till the Gents, to be Ensign, vice Brown, ptornoted. .
Gcheaonrtg,e firtsrte
edt
,i vm.
aonfe
hleOsdt
e. r
,i no
ntih
oe e
spdoauyn, dj,
triots. It follows, then, that so much of the circulating 76th or Inverness-s.hire, &c., Highland Light Infantry
AVERAGES FOR THE WEER ENDING DEC. 15, 1855.
notice, of a prohibition to issue notes for a less sum than reign securities. And yet a millionnaire tells ua we are exportation of gold and the withdrawal of ihe
ia.-The Hon. Simon Fraser to be Lieut -Colonel
medium as is not specie represents capital invested or five pounds. Remove this prohibition, and allow Bank deficient of capital ! We leave our readers to decide, paper again lower the prices, and so all trade is
~ e ' subsequent Tuesday. Wheat
in transitu, and is in fact the principal means whereby of England notes of one pound to be issued as hereto- whether the whole mistake does not spring from a con- made an alternative of speculation and ruin ; honest lilei tThomas Gordon Esq d ceased. *
East Kent Militi'a.-Lieut. Duncan Inverarity to be W. Oulton, of Liverpool, chemist, first div. of Bs. in the Oats -s, -s 0.1
the trade and commerce of a country is conducted. The fore, and the circulation would increase at once to thirty fusion of terms. At all events, between 1797 and 1815 industry is sacrificed, and the watchers of the turn Captain, vice George, deceased ; George Ross Soden, pound, payable at 9, South Castle-street, Liverpool, on Peas
trader who draws a bill upon his customer to which he or forty millions, placing at disposal so much gold more, the people made a prodigious stride in national wealth, of the market alone thrive, and this is the plain Gent., to be Ensign. any Monday.
pofouLni tvi,erppa.o7lme:rtch9,allSto, utitihirCdasatli :ft° rf el:,. Barley
has sold goods, and who negotiates that bill, puts into now used as money. This is a resource available at auy and gold was, for all practical purposes, at one anti simple meaning of " I promise to pay." let or Royal East Middlesex Militia.-William Vevers, J. Stevenson, of Liverpool, provision dealer, first div. Bear.s - OP --,1 04.1
circulation the proportion of his capital which is repre• time if the finance of the nation should require it. But time absolutely out of existence. Capital and gold .s, •
ii rom an inherent necessity the use of paper Gent. to be Ensign, vice Stone, promoted.
o;;:Seli.,:lo9tnigdeng;Vl.itnied:ninie:sday, Dec. 19, and any subsequent Wed- --
sented by these goods, rendering thereby that amount of we do not advocate a present resort to any such tnea- cannot, therefore, always be synonymous terms. The
oney has grown in proportion to the rooress of . 't.os's, Caithness, Sutherland, and Cromart • '
y Rifle Me
h pound, payable at 53, South John-street, Liver-
Liverpool on any Monday LEEDS-DEe. 18.
capital immediately available to himself for further tran•
sure. Let us be content then still to confine the use of vast banking undertakiug promoted in recent years, in . .• • • . P ts litia.-Alexander Thom, A.M., M.R.C.S.L., to be Sur-
commercial civilisation, till it bears a dominant geon, vice James Wishart, M.D. resigned. io.olOtaloyanasZinaiterrol:ilTr:deef wheat to•day. The London re
sactions. It may nevertheless happen that the conarno-
still best dry samples are held
bank notes to receipts and payments in excess of five backed by millions of capital, is another striking proof
.-Francis MaeNaghten •
dities he produces involve the investment of a very large
yr r
e• 1 ell
iv: mmni 1 nal
a.
portion to the use of metallic money, that the Worcestennire Alilitia.-Bodsiani Castle, Gent., to be
G. Forster of Liverpool stoc firmly at late rates ; in'ferior parcels move at irregular
needay after Jan. 2.
pounds ; still we know that, even under this restriction, that there is no lack of capital in England. We say moan pro
prices. Barley as before. No material alteration in oats,
proportion of his capital in machinery, and it is evident ,
at least nineteen million Bank of England notes will The yast national funded debt of 800 millions ban by metallic money, though it cah disarrange, is power-
„ kbroker, second div. of Bd. beans, or other articles.
that this cannot be put into circulation except by paper always be in use, bearing a par value to gold. Why, means of Public Credit, and an iugenions system of bank- less to regulate. L iietuotyeanla npte,
ret
hi cseh
Leslie, Gent., to be Ensign. in tho pound, payable at 53, South John-street, Liver- --.
money representing its value, or, in other words, by his then, should not the limit of 1844 be extended from ing founded upon public and private confidence, and not The fixing the price of gold by Sir Robert Peel's pool, on Wednesday, Dec. 19, and any subsequent Wed- HULL-Dec. 18.
obteining credit in proportion to the amount so invested. fourteen to nineteen, or, at any rate, to eighteen millions. upon capital alone, oonverted tint debt into a perpetually bill is pure Jack Cadeism. If fixing the price NAVAL PRIZE MONEY. nesday after Jan. 2.
That portion of the paper money which represents The effect of such a measure would be to leave precisely available pledge for raising fresh inexhaustible resources. fixes the value, why not fix 44, ; f
~,,,3 pr.ce o. every- INDIVIDUAL'S SHARE OF NAVAL PRIZE MONEY, WHEN DIVIDENDS TO BE DECLARED. A fair supply of wheat to-day, and sales were about 1
gold in the coffers of bankers is ooly a more econo• the same quantity of gold in circulation doing the work The whole of the new Credits Mubiliers are founded thing ? Why not fix the price of bread at ld. the CLAIMABLE UNDER A POWER OF ATTORNEY. Thomas Barrett, of Oxford, timber merchant, Jan. 11- per qr. lower than last week. Spring corn of all kinds le
ruieal and convenient form of circulation than the of money amongst the population, but to relieve the upon this system, and it is therefore sheer waste of time quartern loaf ? Simply because fixing the price Department of the Accountant-General William Henry Fleming, of Camberwell, brewer, Jan. 15
, -Thomas Salmon, of Kettering, Northamptonshire, iron- lower. Linseed, oil, and cakes each dull and lower. Rape
cakes meet fair demand.
coin itself, and derives its value from the fact that it Batik from the obligation to keep four or five millions to pursue the subject further. does not fix, but merely disguises, the fluctuations Admiralty, Somerset-house, Dec. 18. monger, Jan. 8-R. Brevitt, Coventry, ironmonger Jan 5 5 i Et. II
is exchangeable for a commodity whose price is well of gold locked up, doing no work or service whatsoever. We have not apace tie allude to the question of corn- in the value of our legal tender-fluctuations wh. h Notice is hereby given, to Navy Agents and all other 12-S. Boyle, Fenton, Staffordshire, china manuf ' *
acturer Wheat, English, red 75 to 78' Peas, grey and black -to - .
ascertained. The necessity of havirg such a basis for The Government will have the difference as a loan, with- petition ; but we will, however, add one single word . . le persons interested therein that no share or shares of any ' Ditto white 2
d' b d
arbitrarily istur an alter all other values. prize money, bounty, salvage, or other moneys payable Jan. 10 -J. Ogle Holmes, Sunderland, and Young L. D . . 80 to 86 Lpiinttseed, Black Sea._ 78 to 8_
part of the circulation we fully admit. It is requisite out interest, in very convenient relief of its finances at about the vexed questions of Currency, Capital, and
Marshall, Roker, Ddrham, timber merchants, Jan. 11 (arid antzic and Konigs- o Petersburgh ... 74 to 711
for the adjustment of the balances of our foreign trade, this particular juncture. Credit. It is no doubt a high attribute of intellec.ual
, llence the frequent ruin that has broken up our and distributable to and amongst the officers and crews of 0 b a
the separate estate of J. O. Elelmes)-J. Fish, Helm- cr- 81 to Btritto Riga and Arch-
that all notes issued beyond the amount required for Now, the question which will present itself to most superiority to subject our currency, capital, and credit Prnspority, disorganised all its elements, and made ajesty's ships and vessele of war, will be aid under n
1-ler M ewer of attorne now or he ft P shore, Lancashire, cotton manufacturer, Jan. 8-John Pomeranianand Ham - angel
home purposes should be readily convertible into the minds upon this proposition is-admitting even the to a rigorous analysis. If we can define philosophically our wealth, our insolvency, and our pauperism nny P f h y,ffl 1 rea or, executed by
any two or more o te o cors ant crews of any of her K• t'
Rawer Louth, Lincolnshire, butcher, Jan. 9-W. Poole, burgh
Daniell, Holstein, and Memel B5 to 70
universal medium of exchange. Beyond this convertible right of Government to require, and the power of the the exact limits of each, fix their relative, ever-changing, alterilately the wonder of the world.
Majesty's ships and vessels of war, unless the persons who rags on-upon-Hull, provision merchant, Jan. 16- Wm. F ••- 1 d sto 80 Per Ttsn,
amount there is another variable sum required fur the Bank to lend without interest, the entire amount of abstract value, and from these results elevate our preeent Hence it is that the Times, awakened from its shall liave executed the said power are the executors or ad- Summers Curry Mallett, Somersetshire, land surveyor,
usistlan d des 7 o
deily wants of the community, and for the adjustment avera • 1 't• hth • • ' t d 1 • • t th t. •1 d
ge cireu a ion-w e er it is wise or necessary o cru e specu ations in oa ma ema Ica emons ra 1% e e icious ream,
tt• • ,+ dl' • d " has to guess and wonder miuistrators of some deceased person entitled in distribu- "5' 8--i Sr. Glover, Charlton Itackrall, Somersetshire, R n art osa 74
tto 7352 Lpiintts.oefionHe
fuolrll3/ 15s Odto 14,01
Oats, English
of the balances of our home trade ; and this portion we set any limit to the issues of the Bank except such as its science, it is doubtless a great accession to human know- whether we shall get over the 4th of each month tion. draper ;J. E. Robbins, Langpert Eastover, Somersetshire,
Ditto Danish
contend may safely be issued in the form of notee i is-
' ', own discretion under the known liability that it is ledge. The chemist who analyses the waves of the ccean witheut the suffering and humiliation of vast in- The above-mentioned regulations establish° 1b th victualler, Jan. 7-J. Peters, Exeter, lath-render ,• Thos. . .
' ' y n Tyler, Exeter, saddler, Jan. 15-A. Kine, High-road, Ditto Friesland
presented by securities the value of which is univereally called upon to pay in gold may impose ? There are is a benefector to mankind, whether his discoveries have solvency • to watch with sleepless vigilance the 1 ' lty for the
Lords. of the A( mina _ . purpose of preventing an eu
o ffolk, baker ;C. Tooley, Great Yarmouth, beker • G Ditto Russian 2B to 30 R‘ape cakes 150 s Od to 155 a 6d
known, provided a reasonable margin is left for depre- •bl dth I M FII t b t t• 1 1. •t. Bt tl •st I •• e ' •
many sells' e men, an e ate r. uer on was or ave no a prac Ica app Ica ion. u re nice aro k b
condition of the gold. in the Ban coffers, to e • .• • i
indiviiluans share.of prize or other monevs, as aforesaid,
being paid in d stribation uuder a power of attorney made F Great Yarmouth bak • D P 1 ' en' Barley, malting
oreman„ er , . ow ey, Great . • • 41 to 43 Tares, English --a to -0
c:ation. The principle is in fact admitted by the B ink among the n b h le. k • •t f t b • tt bl . ff th Is ' 1 t I_A 1., 1 '-' A , ~ LI,
um er, wot in it unwise o e ter apu - most incon es a e tree 3 o e o emica componen
racaeu oes nope anu rear JI tile arrivals from Aus- .by two or more persons, having been referred to her Ma- Yarmouth, carter, Jan. 21-H. Yarraway, Exeter, painter, Ditto grinding 3B to 40 Ditto foreign
Act, but " Mercator" and his followers seem unable to lie national Bank with any restrictions whatever of this parts of the sea, can no more warn the cautious mariner - .
jesty in Council, in accordance with the directions con- %Tan. 15. Beans
trella be delayed a week ; to be agonised by an Ditto foreign
escape from the charmed circle of the 14,000,000/. fixed kind • and, if the Bank Parbur could always be relie I whence the gale will arise, or how bigh it will dinve the - '
tanned in the Act of the 17th of Victoria cap. 19 sec. 13 CERTIFICATES TO BE GRANTED.
by that act, and appear to think that there is some mar- east ist in staki e
wind. All because we pers no our 5 to 60 Rve Meal
Peas, whito and yel. 4 none
'f
d f • dth G t • t 13. le. th 11 b th d' t: -
ueon or soun nese o judgment, an e overnmen waves agams Is s ip, an wi e e vague Is Inc . her Manesty was pleased to approve and 'give her'sanction W. Jolley, Charing-cross, poulterer; T. Waller, Peters-
vellous virtue in those figures which enables them to re- s
be relied u f if • ' le" f mod• tion ' b tween a bill of exchange, a bank-note, or coined
pon or iscretion in as mg or accom a , tions e existence on the possession of gold, and at the same
to the sjame by her Order in Council, bearing date on the field, Hants, provision merchant, Jan. 10-S. Stringer, amaisseee
present at all times the exact sum necessary for putting we should be inclined to come to the same conclusion. gold viewed as currency, throw light upon the future time in supporting a law that renders it impossible 7th December, 1855. Nottingham-street, St. Marylebone, coach ironmonger ;J. KIRKCALDY-Dee. 15.
li motion the circulating capital of the country required But if the Bank's power of issuing notes were left storms which may be impending in the monetary world. we should permanently retain it. Agents and others claiming to receive, by virtue of a Starkey, Old-street, St. Luke's builder, Jan. 8--Moses Large supplies of wheat and oats, but only moderate of
or ordinary trading purposes. unfettered, seeing the relation in which the institution This is all the difference between abstract inductive I say the law prevents the possibility of our power of antoarneeyn, the share of prize or other moneys f Yearsley, South Bank, St. John's-wood, wine merchant barley. Fine qualities sold at about last week's prices;
"Mercator" quotes the commercial panics of 1825 stands towards the Government, and its periodical e- science and practical experience. keeping possession of the gold. l titled in distribution, are here • ° Jan. 10-R. Ta lor, Watt's-terrace Old Kent C
any individu by in- y , -road, am-
' middling and inferior 1s to 2s per qr. lower.
Wheat. I Bari
and 1837, but they only prove the lack of judgment in that payment will be refused unless such power of berwell, baker ;E. Bolton, Weymouth-street Portland- ey. 1 Oats. f Beans.
Gold money and paper money will not for any faortmed
pendence upon it even for existence as a corporata body, ____-_
11h b tdb tht • • • 1 1 t f t •H B 1 '
t orney sha ave een execu 0 y a individual P ace, so( awa er menu ac urer , . ul and J. James First BBs Od I 45s 01 ( 33s Od I os Od
those who controlled the issue of notes. In 1847 the we should much fear a Chancellor of the Exchequer's INFLUENCE OF GOLD ON TRADE. ength of time circulate together at equal values. alone, or by the executors or administrators of some de- Harper, Greenwich, upholsterers, Jan. 9. Second
Bank Act was in full vigour ; but the scenes of 1837 temptation to attempt to turn the facility of 'nem te ac- ...-0,...--_. There are two distinct values in the coin-the ceased person entitled in distribution ;in conformity with INSOLVENT PETITIONERS. Third 6os Od I 35s Od 1 2511 Od fOs Od
were repeated in spite of it, and it was only on the an- TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
count upon any exigency which gave him present trou-
leeal tender value and the metallic value, and these the existing practice, now sanctioned by her majesty in Win. Wostley, of Little Abingdon, Berkshire, boot _____
nouncement of a permission to relax its provisions, that We for resources. As long as there is a legislative pre. Sen,-Gold is the principal cause of the lalgh price of n . maker-John Wall, Manchester, hair dresser- James &t-
-rio riot coincide, but vary inversely to each other. Council.
DUBLIN-DEC. 13.
confidence was restored and the ruin arrested. In France hibition to issue more than a certain quantity of n( tes food. terworth, Manchester, grey warper-Rov. J. H. Fisher
a metallic circulation has not prevented periods of corn- otherwise than under a gold equivalent deposit, the California and Auetralia have exported to them ini. Thus, supposing a large quantity of metal to be NOTICE TO MARINERS. KirkbL dl Wt 1 dlk ET bliC •'
s y one aa, es more an ,c er iza et urns A very small supply and a very dull market. Prime
mercial distress ; and, on the other band, the elastic Bank directors han always an answer to any application manse quantities of flour, butter, cheese, bacon, and taken up by the Mint to be coined and issued, the East Indies -Light at Singapore. Kettlethorpe, widow-W. Booth, Halifax, Yorkshire' wheat barely supported last Tuesday's rates. All other
' kinds of grain lower and difficult to sell at the decline. A
issues of the Bank of France have not provoked them. for irregular aid. The would want this if there were no manufactured goods, to produce which great employ- bullion would become scarcer and rise in value, The Governneent of India has given DOUCE that, on the teaecrhen of music-H. E. Brierley, Halifax, York-hire,
trifling business dote by retail in Indian co n..
With a paper circulation regulated solely by the wants jimi n h • Y Ad f tit' eason mainly, we ment is given to our labourers, mechanics, manufacturers, while the legal tender would become more abun- 17th of March last, a fixed light was shown on the Govern-
_beJ.Beltelr)e-I,jealistti&% Halifax, Yorkshire, tavern keeper
t set upon t e issue. n or is r . ,
White wheat, 423 Oil to 44s 6(.1; red ditto,r3Bs to 43i Od ;
of the counnunity, at times below its metallic reserve, think the Government will be wise, especially in this time ship builders, sailors, and others, all of whom are con- dant, and fall in value. merit Hill Flagstaff at Singapore. y, Sornereetshire, watch and clook barley, 16. Od to 23s 6d ; oats, 158 Od to 17s Od ; rapeseed,
and at others exceeding it three or four fold, that insti- of war, in retaining a limit extended only to the degree sumers orfood, for which we receive gold in exchange- At Melbourne, when coin bad become very The light is bri levation of 226
ght ;it is placed at, au e. . . maker-G. R. Jackson, Birkenhead, Cheshire b k
l keeper-W. Butler, Brebbington, Cheshire ' . (19 • 405 Od to 44s Od. per bre; oatmeal, 16s Od to 18s Od ; bakers. '
f .1: hove the level of the sea, and will be visible in o ear , commission
tution has contrived to maintain the rate of discount that experience since 1844 may warrant. That limit, it an article that does not in any degree of itself contribute scarce, an ounce of coined gold actually commanded -ea- a agent. flour, 25s 6d to 29s 01 per cwt; Indiancorn, 45s 04 to 48s Od
d• t f b t • •1
weather at a is ance o a ou six mi es.
much more steadily than we have done, either before or is now:quite clear, may be extended safely to eighteen or to our materictl wants. an ounce and a third of uncoined gold of equal Tt, stands in lat. 1 deg. 16 min. 15 sec. N., long. 103 deg. PARTNERSHIPS piSSOLVED. per 4801bs.
since the Act of 1844, nineteen millions, to the relief as well of the public If California and Australia gave us in exchange wool, fineness. 51 min. 15 sec. East of Greenwich, according to the Ad- W
pi., F. Rutter and E. F. Winstone, Staffordshire; and
It is true that, as " Mercator" asserts, the public finance as of the commercial interests which have hereto. flax, iron, timber, or anything that would feed, clothe, while th °poly we have assigned to gold miralty Charts. I, •kard-street, City-road, potters-H. W. Harris and
W. E. Miller, 86, Queen-street, Cheapside City, whole-
has the power of increasing the circulation by de- fere suffered by the restricted power of granting accam- or shelter us, there would then be full compensation in • • e In°ll • Raffles Light on Coney Island. SEABORNE MAILS.
positing gold at the Bank ; but he omits to state that modation possessed by theßank under the narrow limits of trading with them. But it does appear that all the raises its value as metal, the issue of g
le al tender
Although no official information has bean received re- sale stationers-E T. Holden and Eliza Holden, Walsall,
as -
it would be necessary to purchase tine gold abroad 1844. Any excess above the sum so limited would re- people who are ernployed ia raising gold, and in produe- paper, making legal tender more abundant, lowers
spading it, the mariner is cautioned that there is every •ers-E. James and C F James. Truro
Staffordshire, curn . . .
-. ' (N itgnifies that the malls are sent from the ilk@
by forced sales of other commoditien inasmuch as it main, as heretofore, to be covered by a gold deposit. the value of the le al tender. The rice of the
ing food and manufactured goods to buy gold with, are , , g .„ . reason to believe that a fixed bri ht li ht named Raffles Cornwall, pawnbrokers-M. A. Richards and R. Richards, , tho . General Post o
Ilg d g ' +h ester 3, Old Barge-house-street, Upper Ground-street, Black- "" "ight-and Mby the morning-despatch.)
would often happen that the country vvhere gold was
and the golu ueing fixed by the law whim' ulnas the Bank Light, is established on
.oci,aGy. san , nearele w n
- giving so much labour and energy for nothing,
h ht should friars-road, i d
sump manufacturers-R. Hodgson an R.
most abundant might not be the one where our produc•
food used for such purposes is consumed without any in- to take all the gold offered at 3/. 17s. 9d., and to entrance of the main stral f;inngapore.i2T
.1 g Day erhun en a•te ..t Prom whs, who,
(From, the Morning Chronicle.) yet Hothersall, Oswaldtwisle, Lancaehire painters-E. L.
tions were most in demand. Neither can we agree ia The . . .. .
trinsie value being obtained in return-there being no pay it out at 3/. 17s. 100., this alternation in yalue be visible in clear weather a ( 'stance of mi es, excep i COUNT= a in General POit• Fort due in
Blackb nd TK G 161 Cl' ' • •
t s•inn, archi- Ofilco, London..
the principle laid down by " Mercator:' and his comrnui- . Impulse which we have given to the fresh discus-
• the quarter from N.•W. by W. round northerly to E.N.E.
teats urne a . . reen, ~ . emen oispAtehe . . , am':
tator, that the whole war expenditure is SO much capitel sion of the Bank Charter Act has revived the dormant real value in ld b • f t '
go eyond its uses or ornamen ation. of money is, for a time, only indicated by the rise B d fth • L 11 •
y 001111118.13 o eir or& 8 ups. -W. Baker and J. Baker Littlehampton, Snmex, -------- - ---ee
abstracted from the countr ' •
y. 1 hat war is a great c. n- energies of its promoters and its opponents. The con- The estimated amount of gold raised in California and in value of all other articles. This rise stimulates JOHN WASHINGTON, H drographer. grocers-C. Cooper and H. R. Phillips, Coventry, ribbon . '
emericansynritnackne every Friday -• • Liverpool Dec. 17
koncrice (by Unitod Sti3i
kustralia • 1 d fift 'lll ns seerlin annually a 1 ' t Iks aro nd. fhi . offi Ad •It Lend nY manufacturers-R. Parkinson, and J. Tomlinson, Lances-
wiener of capital unproductively cannot be denied, or troverey is now renewed in full force. A leading con- ey a rea y y Ini ire s g arge exports. The impor er 00 u or s Hydrographic ce, mire y, o ,
•••• •• - • Liverpool . Dec. 24
that commercial transactions are thereby limited ; but it temporary has ushered into public notice, with becoming sum exc e. . . . . dl'
mg the landed rental of England am ra- returns, all commodities have risen. We are under '2lst Nov., 1855. ter, engineers-L. S. Butterfield, A. Brookes, and M. „In'aecrteeet)on; 'ir Wt:sie..
o 1• h laud • and this is in andition to the supplies coming from This noince affecte the following Admiralty Charts :- Brookes, Norwood, boarding-school mistresses-B. Hand- packet) .....• .. ••1i se •• .e ••••• Senthampto. Dec. 15
acts more mischievously as a displacer than as a con- deferential solemnity, a second letter, from a lig , no engagement to supply iron, lead, tin, or auy
b f h f Id
oither p.arts which were found sufficient e ore t ese. re a Ind'a (mean, No. 748 a. • Singapore Strait, Sheet, No. ford and J. Cook, Birmingham, lacemen- S. Lewis and J. +marmite (via Beall:-
sumer of capital, so long as the bulk of the expenditure financial authority," on the subject. The oracle, as be- other article at a fixed price, except gold. We
2,4'13n• China Sea, No. 1,2i0 ; also Horsburgh's East India Evans, Merthyr Tydfil, Glamorganshire, tailors-J. Mar- ampton) ..........Id ••••••-•• •• Southampto
were discovered. And so long as the standard price of ..
onto (via Marseilles) N
is incurred in home labour. It may be true that we (mining one superior to ordinary mortals, speaks, to use tnus bribe the foreigner to take our gold instead Directory, Vol. 2, p. 271, (7th Ed.) ; and East India Light- tingele and W. H. Goodwin, Romford, Essex, wheel-
old i anteed b G v ent at 31. 17s 1
. 10,1. per
s guar y o ernm _ n
wrights- J. Blakeley and W. Halliday, jun., Heckmond- Ditto (via Cape of Good,
have spent a hundred millions in unproductive war, a classic or a City phrase, " from under a cloud." But g of our goods. The gold being gone the Bank is house List, Nos. 52 and 53.
Hope) ............11 I ••• ..... ••• .. Uncertain
ounce, .
end that any one has goods or property to dee
but to say that we have leet that amount of capital is his adulation of " the wise and cautious statesmen whe, f aer Ei ht
compelled to reduce her issues op p . g NOTICE TO MARINERS. wike, Yorkshire, carpet manufacturers--J. Jones, D. f i
tr ca (West Coset)..Nlllsd of the month.. Plymouth . Dec. 6
pose of, there never can be an accumulation of gold in Thomas, and J. Burgess, Rhondda Vach Valley, Glamor- k1exandria...........N1+, 9, 24, &30of m • Dover ....
United States of America.
. absurd. Because a Lancaster gun destroyed at the consulting the lessons of experience, have est tblished hundred private and joint-stock banks are instantly
the coffers of the Bank of En land. And should the
The United States Lighthouse Board has jollied the fol- ganehire, contractors (so far as regards J. Bureess)-R. A.1exandria..........M14th & 20th of mon. Southampt.,_
siege of S.ebastopol cost 1301., and ie now valued at our mhnetary system," leaves no doubt that this high , ... . , .
g •Il • h • f afflicted with the cramp, and seek to lock up the Howell and E K E t l• 1 -
. napman, xe er, inen i rapers . ear
°C p _ Sahama.s ...........Mll7th of tbe montl• Southamptn, /
financial personage ode a very prominent part in framing supply still increase, tnat increase wi raise t e price o downy+ notices :-
nil. per pound as old iron, it is not a nece,ssary con- food proportionately higher ; and as food advances rna- remaining money by increasing their reserves. . Fo' Bell at Fie Island Lighthouse Savannah River. son, Brough, Derbyshire, E. Peat, and T. L. Peat, Not- Er::ir ••••••••••••ZrhilLyi;(;-**-- Dover ..... Dslll
sequence that we have lost all that capital. It the xneasu.e of 1844. As Major Dalgetty exclaimed,
nufactured goods fall, owing to the great consumere, the Now, es anreduced debts cannot be paid by re- A fog boll has.been placed in the lighthouse on Fig tingham, cotton doublers-W. -Timbrell and W. Merrick, jinni-O,V •,;(,:' " -,;:ea eth ot the mmoonnt rmatt,tila,,,T,l,%°: :Tranao. 15
. Is
only means that that sum has been abstracted from when he applied a gentle pressure to the throat of the
Bradford, Wiltshire, attorneys-J. T. Gibson and J. B. Cape of 4: roro dIl *o*p .e
. . N
le. 1 • • 1141 • • i d d +ll' h • f t • • I 1 d • the Savannah River, Georgia, which will be
wor ing c WWI, requiring a, . err income, or near y 80, uce money, -is p asis 0 011 r sys em is equiva- san, in Various port Unmeant
the cannel of the t Marouie of Areyll in order to extort a confession
, axpayers in general, arid has teen ' . . "' ' • • to buy food with, which leaves them but little to buy lent to a general decree of loss or insolvency against hounded in foggy weather. Gibson, 35, St. Mary-at-Hall, City, ship brokers. Cape of Good Hope ..N
t •ansferred to the ca n of his identity as described by Walter Scott in tnc
[mans of the cannon founder and ' - ' clothine and other manufacutred goods. Hence it ie that 11 1 by commercial enterprise have been con- Vessels wishing to know the position of the Fig Island
______ ...............-........" Cape de Verds .....,N 9th of tb3 Month Southampto) Tan. 15
Ceylon (see India)
L' ht • f 'll dth • bll t h. tl
ig in a og wi Bonn eir e sor s eam-w is es,
his workmen. It is lost to the community, but is scene of the dungeon of Inverary-" My Lord, you
our horne trade is fiat, and • ' d h aw 1°
spinners an ot ers wages tributing to the welfare of the country. when they will be answered by the tolling of the Fog Bell. Dey10n..............N
gained by the individuals. Hail the gun been sold to must be a near friend of the Marquis, or rather you
• are reduced to meet the low price of manufactures. F Channel Isles N Mon.,Wect. &FHA. Southampton Tn Tb. Bat
FIE ALTII 0 LONDON DUI!ING THE
Chili ~ •• '• - . & ' •
Just at this moment the wahchful Times' advises Buoys for Cape Romain Shoals and Bar at Bull Bay.
._.............11 24 17th of merit! Southamptot
foreigners instead of to the State, 130/. would have been must be the Marquis himself." Public rumour univer-
We are told that we re uire a medium by which w
WEEK.
added to the general capital ; but it does rot follow that sally proclaims, that the chief premoter of the Act of
can convert Bank of Enggland and other notes into an° caution, recommends all to limit their transactions, A tirnt-etaass nenn Buoyd, laii:,:ittil zi.th white and black China Once a nionth.... Jan. 4
if capital is not gained it is lost-it may evidently be 1844 has now come forward, to make a last and despe-
article of standard value, and that that article i 4 to be wfhi!lli means limiting employment, which is PprPellqi°l,ll r,.: Pe. •
') i tr:vatseraillt low tide ingthnel iitt, has br ._______,,,,,_ eonstantinome ......b i1,13,18,23,3c28 of n Dover ......
p aceet in 1 . . , . Sl. Chan el, Constantinople
(From ate Report of the Registrar-General.)
transfeired. Tho arguments advanced by " Mercat-r" rate eff ,rt to defend its provisions, its policy, auti its
gold. Concluding that the present quantity, 50,000,000/. limiting the life of the labourer. It is equivalent t
Cape Romain Shoals ; Cape Roaitun Light beating W.N.W. Cont. of Europe 11 a N Twice daily ...... Dever ...• • • T 4,71061101
do not touch the real question a'. isace. It is not merely
"Irneetthisilicyf, ll en ion f the Bank of En 1 d a-year only is raised, it will be 500,000,000/. increase of to a procla -cation through the land, " Now get ye SN. ; north point of Cape Island, N.W. by N. This The effect of the cold weather recently experienced is ,rgYpete(ace Indlak & N Twice daft
whether the circuletion should be based upon gold, or
Ind ,id e. hnce a m t.te , dd . , gTnd
gold coin to the world in ten years-a sum that would to the workhouse or to your graves." No other Buoy must be passed close-to on either side. Courses from now written very legibly in the mortuary registers. The eiLirota7 ................ et 1.7.17.20,72V:i0n 13(Uteeraii-o'sije TwiftdAlll
t a ministration rs stueliou yan a roit y avoi - .
should be represented merely by other paper ;it is not ! derange and destroy every interest in the universe-and resource is left to the labourer thrown out of em- the Buoy out of the Slue Channel S.W. by W. and N.E. deaths registered in London, which in the previous week ikeece (ace India) 1
The ground is shifted • and instead of an essay on
whether it should be limited or unlimited ; hut whether „ • • ' where then will ba our golden standard of value ? ployment by this fatal system. by E. were 1,099, rose last week to 1,271, and it may be stated Greytown ...... ~..ml2nd & 17th of mon., &Althea:vita.
the Cendition and Conduct of the Bank of Bann a
fismburgh . NiTuesday & Friday'Londo
Also a second class CAD Buoy, painted with black and the rate of mortality represented by this number of deaths fi ••
• ••
" " n •'' .'
any fixed and invariable amount will at all times suffice Th re ' also e r r b Win f Id fi lil
e is ve y poanyo new go e. s Eve tl h d' d ll
,n ie press t e tar igra e press genera y, . avannah ..........mlgnd of the month &ma'am tort Dec 16
Fneland " n-e are fevoured with an abstruee lecture upon
fir the legitimate requirernente of commerce. It is .4 6- ' ' . ' ' isi• dth t• fl f h• •h Id ' ••-' ' • • • . white perpendicular stripes, in three fathoms water, at is at least equal to the average fur this advanced period &nand ..,.... __tenet
fir " Mercator " and thosr of Ins l Capital and Currency which mieht vie in myetitication oeing iscovere , eexrale ux rom wre wou is boginnine• to inquire into a system which becomes 1Y• •-••• • • . • • Dover .. P . *
..... Daily
9 IoW tide, off the bar at Bull Bay. Bull Bay Light, of the year. Since the second week of November, when [fondues ...........m!l7ta i 1 the mouth. Southampton 16thofm011
, ~ it sc.lool, to dermal- . , . . ' e at once set aside its value-for gold represents nothing I•J
(al y more incompatible with the advances of com- W.N.W. ; south point Racoon Key, N.N.W. n IV. This (ndia (viaSouthampLyml4th ic 20th et mon. Plymouth •• Dec. 20
strate that the sum fixed by the Rink Act talc Is with anyshing which hae ever appeared upon those con-
Rut if we had N. and other notes circulateri the deaths were below 1,000, and the mean tem tu
pera re
that cendrtion, and to show that the export of four trovertte.d topics, We have no wish to deride the science - mercial civilisation. Buoy must be passed closed-to on either aide. (mita (via biarseilles)s4•9th&
i 25th of month Dover
was 41 deg., the returns exhibit an increase of 300 deaths, tenton esnis (see
by bankers who should deposit approved deede Indio, 17, &27 of mon D0ver............'
or five millions of silver te the Eaet would cause of pol treat n '
1 eco omy. It has been our lot to bit at the It is impossible much lon,ger to bind industry and Bell Boat off Charleston Bar, South Carolina.
and the weekly temperature has declined to 32.7 deg. Ireland ........M & NlTwice daily ...... floii head .. Twleedidli
of estates in the hands of Government, aed ;f An iron Bell Boat, painted with black and white per-
-1
plicated divisions of abour down to barter
no greater derangement in 1855 than in 1844. Tne feet of Garnaliel himself. But after receiving with in-
then to be allowed to issue notes for two-thirds of their -5 c(":11 endicular stripes, has been placed outside of Charleston There were registered last week 627 males and 644 Lisbon .............. &I zi:,
‘ll,tifi 27 of T.,Southampton Jan, lb
fourteen millions of incenvrrtible linter; might have p reit faith the highest abstract dogmas propounded by
vaiue, which would really make such notes deeds of -nay, what is worse, to a monopoly of bartar for P
iSouth Carolina) main ship bar, in five and a quarter females. Of these, without dietinction of sex, 574 died ItitVeeiii,..an tttl''' "" 7,leieesd of EiGtettf 0.1:1.11. L'ic,osi=oollTto),
tha most exalted of modern economical philosophers, gold. Free trade will not tolerate this bondage. fathoms water at low tido ; Charleston Main Light in under 27 years of age, 182 at 20 years and under 40, 241 maim (see Iniii; ..
I
bsen perfectly adapted to our neceseities at the lat- estates, and as stable as our institutions-for eetates
ter period ; but we confess that we cannot under. Ilr ititlLywd id nitiisacor
fveort=i=in iit:,ithic 0137,
The paper system, which the instincts and neces- range bearing N.W. northerly ; Rattlesnake Shoal light were from 40 tu 60 years of age, 202 GO years old and Lsitaallett......,;e.i..dia...N 8,28, Fen of mon. Dover .......... Dec. 20
Z.:71 yield every requiremeat of life, and are the true stand-
stand why they should be equally well fitted to t o t is wn
k-•
the people have continually enlarged, can- vessel', N.E. by N. ; Sullivan's 'eland outer beacon, N. by less than 80 ; and instead of 33 octogenarians who died nta;lrrit'inn:(s,„
nn., joie 14th of the month
Mitlthe ked a ~1 de • ard cf value-these notes might justly be made sities of
l'd tO find
yfrof Cyoo 11 . 919113 %yap Of Ma •
W. IW. Length of mooring chain, 32 fathoms. . in the previous week 60 died la,st week. A woman died
answer the purpose now. In 1844 the trader who le al tenders, the cost of making which would be corn- not loneer be permitted to rest on the narrow basis „toxic,. _ _
........m 2nd of the month., Southampton:Dee. 16
mg money-the real science of the drstributiou of wealth g e, 11 is mounted on a mast and rune by the action •
shipped goons to Australia xvould have to wait a year be- tn • • • paratively nothing, and the stability of thie circulating of gold, rendered unstable both by the law and by The be , ii. In the Greenwich workhouse at the great age of 101. Napi„
.. 77
........N ibthltSth23thefmorLlDover ......
fore the sailing vessels brought him his returns. Will end (.1. th t th s bll
-we i racier):
der an
t ed
hu tme (series which in
24 & 17th of montblSoutha
of the seas.
of
ve
Of tho 1,271 deaths, 246 are due to diseases of the ?T. .(21r ad. ir i mpton
medium would be beyond dispute. We find that the increased rapidity of communication with ssel Its and fisherme are art• 1 1 n r Lea% ea *.
'• .: By private sl 1 ,
grefeneiry.eare . cap Iva e. t e imagination, were rine Master
is, pite , t
.h n, le .muar y zyznotic charac'er, and 267 to diseases of the respiratorY I'4l Staten's ''."." '' .- -, sth 1 stll2sthotifio;l., Dil.Z2s.rrt.' Uneerndu
" Mercator " explain ho sit is that trade and currency th Sc thnd I ish s•tinf B le e •th t 1 t ' A. foreign loan or a 1t•
e o c a r es e o AU in,„ wt ou tla
....N
cr:l ous yin . . ,
econctleable with the stern facts and expe• foreign States. s. peen a ion, a requested to repo! at he Cus om onse, or Lighthouee
wou'd be totally unaffected by the circumstance that fast
or ans exclusive of 143 caused by phthisis and 40 by Peninsula .......... ~),4 /thl7th27thollnon.lSouthampiOn
nonce of daily life. security works so admirably that it is sometimes diffi- short harvest, a telegraphic despatch, anything, in Inspector's Office, should they see anything wrong with g '
steamers would a few ears late brim, ba 1- th P +f s
y . r , ,C ~ OS , rsourn ,
this boat hooping.cough. Fatal cases arieing from bronchitis do P°ru .............. A/ id itc 27th of mon.; southampton
cult to induce the people there to take eold in payment b causing a sudden exportation of • Port Natal ..........Niuty private ship..••Varions rts nen
When, therefore, the chi f f h f
e promoter o t e Act o short, may, y
sthlSti 2" ' P° cereals
not it. goods, but in gold, in about 120 days ? The inFr-
-1814 f d for goods, as they prefer their one-pounenotes knowin d b • '
[All courses an eanngs are magnetic.] not exhibit the increase which might be expected from gnu,
th.hn
..„„ni, i etheesson, Dever ......
cantile world looks for facts which will throw a light upon c,hime ell onwar , a,rhd, dwelling with painful force g erold, deran„
Ye our whole commercial system. I By command of their Lordships, the increase of the total mortality ; for in each of the Tuscany ............I,llsthlith2sthofnaon.lDover ......
that their banks are established on sound ' • •
principles, ''' ••
i need recall to your mind how .
that portion of the subject ; and without re-opening the upon t series of 1820 and 1837, as having been pro- scarce y , Join/ WASHINGTON, Hydrographer. last two weeks the number referred to that complaint is s „Imo, nn ,
....m 2d & I7th otnionteitiouthampton 1 & 16 moll
question before a Parliamentary committee, W4l strongly duced by the " power" to pay gold for paper not having -
eaeh bauk having numerous shareholders, many of whom
• • f e uent and fatal such panics have been, Hydrographer Office, Admiralty, London, 119 ; nor is the increase great from pneumonia, which n
• van Diemen's and (so,
doubt whether " Mercator" or his followers are in a o- been equal to the " obligation"-artfully suppressing all are very wealthy, and their whole property is liable for r q ustralia) ...... I
23d Nov., 1855.
how fertile of insolvency, misery and crimes, numbered in the same periods 93 and 105. They are Weft Indies ........: 2d& 17th of trionth'Southumptoo!
P mention of the ri. f 1847 • • .' • - the payment of their notes.
,1&16 meg
snion to aesist them. Certainly they hare stated nothing pa ic o , when similar mischiefs re
We b • dth t • the depth of our ruin and the These Notices affect the Admiralty Chart :-North both fatal to nearly the amount that is usual at this sea-
rred and his own aye now only to look at our niopetary dealings an a in
-
whicn gives them a right to he considered as entitled to cu ' • panacea was in full ferce-we must . . .
d • -•
t • h f prosperity the amount of our wealth America, East Coast, Sheetr, No. 270. son. Scarlatina grows less fatal, and while it declines When any of these dates fall on a Sunday, the
1 :y•
prenounce a Lec-ion ex cathedra on so difficult a point. regard it as rather a disineenuou-
s roceedine and with foreign countries, where we fin gold holds a sum- riump o our
malls will be dit.
NOTICE TO MARINERS. tpatched on the following day. with the exception of the I '
but disorganised by the failure measles show an increase. Both prevail most in the
n.di, (YIP
that the champion of the Ban% Cha 1)
• ''
. •
rter Act is trivilig '
ler value to that of our own, and it is a great medium was exactly the Same,
Southampton), and the Malta. both of which WI
w ,e despatched the
-.-. lotion. to achieve at • hth t l• •t h th
riump an o e ici t e tru , . of exchange in every civilised nation ; but the same of our monetary system. It will be well for the Mediterranean Sea.-Light at Ceuta-Coaet of Africa central districts • measles in St .Mary-le-Strand and the
n "h G nment h • t• " • - d G
The panis over as given no ice that on the City-road ; scarlatina in St. Andrew Eastern an os- preceding daY•
( From the Morning Post . ) He tells us that what we want is capital. Tee sider whether it Will
cause that will be the destruction of our gold circula- Times seriously to con be be- Ist of December next a light will be established on th • • • • p tt
e well-street sub-districts. A family in respec - errace, --____ a ,
currency, putty gold and partly paper is in a tion will be theirs also. If we send goods to Turkey, coniino• its haracter to be the fi
rank and c rst to err, euenmit of the hill named Cerro de los Mosqueros on Al-
At the risk of trying the patience of notny of our Sp tin, Russia, or America, and they pay us for theta in in a matter so deeply involving mina Point, at Ceuta, on the North Coast of Africii, at the Bromley, lost three children from scarlatina mali.,;na SHARE MARKETS.
perfect state. It is gold alone the exclusive'representa- the lLt to learn,
-they died on three consecutive days.
rea lers, we again advert to the subject of our bank tion of capital, of which w ' deficie t. As f gold, that gold has been bought by them with produce the •nt ets of civilisation and humanity. eastern entrance of the Strait of Gibraltar.
-ea
note circulation, arid the chanees likely to be sug- gold leaves 114, the capital ofe zee tn.
d. . .
oun ry is moms e ;
Tr of some kind, or produce bite been given to those who l•
er
8 ] error, that the value of legal tender
It is a vu gar The light will be a bright first-class, revolving once a the births of 781 boys and 791 girls in all
Last week . ,
rainutn. ee is placed at an elevation of 476 English feet 1,572 children, were registered in London. In the ten LIVERPOOL, DEO. 18.
gested and discuseed upon the occasion of renew- as it returns; earns. • • • raised it, and we could get that produce, or paper repre- tl bli ation of the • suer to
ine the Ch , al is increased. Labour alone pr e• ' money depends on ie o 2
- ls --- -- above the level of the sea, and will be en Id • 1 corresponding weeks of the years 1845-54 he average STOCK EXCHANGE.-The tone of the market has been
e arter Act of the Bank of England. We duces capital. People make as many com diti senting it, in exchange for our goods ;an enlarged sys- . . is' ein c ear
are moved to do so by the pertinacity with which they please. If they bring in gold, the •°3° esthaes tem of banking would arrange for and inset this withoul 1 1 old or to redeem it at all, or to give
redeem tn g f *wailer at the distance of 27 miles. number was 1,440. again quiet, at a slight advance on yesterday's prices.
the expedi.ne y ill.ere.fV:o hatever. The lighting apparatus is catadioptric of the first order, There was a new moon on Sunday (the 9th.) The Lancashire and Yorkshire, 77n---South Eastern, 17 A-
-.y of issuing for domeetic use a circuletion-if the tak 't t li •
f y e 1 ou , Nun i? diminished. difficulty ; and our notes, and therm of many other any security w
em of Fresnel. Thiene%
ver stands in lat. 35° 53' highest reading of the barometer was 30'07 in. at the -London and North Westerns 94n- Great Western.
paper Currency, not professing to be based on gold or " countries, based on deeds in the hands of Government, The value of wheat depends' on the fact that it of the syst
r • ' 12" 0 a , - -
531-Caled ni n 271 I Well d' 6 i
1 an , 44 -North Eastern,
silver, nor representi fi d 1 '" I hey are per ectly free agents. As a nation to be free 44" N., long. 017 West of Greenwich. end of the week ; and the mean was 29'874 in. The mean G.N.E. Purchase, d. 4 -Dutch Rhenish, d. 13.5. 3d.
ng a xe va ue or quaniity of either has only to will it, so l t b •h h l
a peop eo e ric ave on yto 11 h h b k d 1 1 1 •
wou i pass t roug an ers an mercanti e rani s with- Minis ers o
•• t t the great human necessity of satisfying
By command of their Lordships. he week was 32 '7 d
metal, but resting upen taxetion a temperature of t eg., which is 7-6 deg.
nd derivine value • - out any extra cost or obstacle, and would be sufficient to hunger. The value of legal tender depends on its JOHN WAS
frem the power of pa i ' e wish it. This is sound and legitimate free trade in cUr HINGTON, Hydrographer. below the average of the same week in 38 years. The
yng every tax or demand of Go- meet all the differences of exchange arisiug between dif- legal power of ministering to the equal human II droeraphic Office Admiralty L d BIRMINGHAM, DEC. 18.
Imminent with it, is advocated and dth d f 11 th •I
rericy ;an e reme yor a e present evi s must be y . 1 ; on on, mean temperature was 11'6 deg. below the av
preseed upon the i ferent countries.-Yours faithfully, necessity of satisfying debt, and in both cases those 2'2d Nov., 1855. . erage on STOCK EXCHANGE.-The tone of the market has beesi
eft to the community at large, acting in free and unre-
Sunday 8.2 deg. below it on Mond
consideretion of the pi-erne by theoriste of the ti-bul- • Cork, 15th Dec., 1855. J. P. BOOTH. xactly in proportion to their abun- This notice affects the following .A.dmiralty Charts :- ,__
~
~
~,,,,.
1,,,1.,..
:,
..._
~
hay, andtl.o.2 deg., 11 rather inactive to-day, and at the close mane, seeetne_
lien school. We have beon ourselves accused .7", strictest cornpntitiont _ es wi vary e .
valu .11
. .• . . . __ _.. 11.1. - CI 1 rn .....
Tln n *._ ....

(Prom the Report of the Registrar-General.)
The effect of the cold weather recently experienced is
now written very legibly in the mortuary registers. The
deaths registered in London, which in the previous week
were 1,099, rose last week to 1,271, and it may be stated
the rate of mortality represented by this number of deaths
is at least equal to the average fur this advanced period
of the year. Since the second week of November, when
the deaths were below 1,000, and the mean temperature
was 41 deg., the returns exhibit an increase of 300 deaths,
and the weekly temperature has declined to 32.7 deg.
There were registered last week 627 males and 644
females. Of these, without distinction of sex, 574 died
under 27 years of age, 182 at 20 years and under 40, 241
were from 40 to 60 years of age, 202 60 years old and
less than 80 ; and instead of 33 octogenarians who died
in the previous week 60 died last week. A woman died
in the Greenwich workhouse at the great age of 101.
Of the 1,271 deaths, 246 are due to diseases of the
zyznotic charac'er, and 267 to diseases of the respiratory
organs, exclusive of 143 caused by phthisis and 40 by
houping-cough. Fatal cases arising from bronchitis do
not exhibit the increase which might be expected from
the increase of the total mortality ; for in each of the
last two weeks the number referred to that complaint is
119 ; nor is the increase great from pneumonia, which
numbered in the same periods 93 and 105. They are
both fatal to nearly the amount that is usual at this sea-
son. Scarlatina grows less fatal, and while it declines
measles show an increase. Both prevail most in the
central districts ; measles in St. .Mary-le-Strand and the
City-road ; scarlatina in St. Andrew Eastern and Gos-
well-street sub-districts. A family in Prespect-terrace,
Bromley, lost three children from scarlatina malina
—they died on three consecutive days.
Last week the births of 781 boys and 791 girls, in all
1,572 children, were registered in London. In the ten
corresponding weeks of the years 1845-54 he average
number was 1,440.
There was a new moon on Sunday (the 9th.) The
highest reading of the barometer was 30.07 in. at the
end of the week ; and the mean was 29'874 in. The mean
temperature of the week was 32'7 deg., which is 7.6 deg.
below the average of the same week in 38 years. The
mean temperature was 11'6 deg. below the average on
Sunday, 8.2 deg. below it on Monday, and 10.2 deg., 11
deg.. and 13 deg. below it on the three following days.
On Friday it began to rise, and on Saturday it was 4 4
deg. above the average. The mean temperature of Thurs-
day was only 27'2 deg., that of Saturday was 44.2 deg.
The lowest temperature of the week occurred on the
former day, when the thermometer fell to 21.3 deg. The
highest temperature in the week occurred on the latter
day, and was 43 deg. The mean dew point temperature
of the week was 31.7 deg., and the difference between
that and the mean temperature of the air was only 1 deg.
The mean temperature of the water of the Thames aas
37.2 deg. The water was coldest on the day on which the
day was warmest. The wind, which at first was in the
north, blew afterwards from the south-west till the end
of the week, when it turned to the north-west. The air
was quiet. Snow fell on Monday ; some rain and sleet
on Friday.

It is impossible much longer to bind industry and
its complicated divisions of labour down to barter
—nay, what is worse, to a monopoly of bartar for
gold. Free trade will not tolerate this bondage.
The paper system, which the instincts and neces-
sities of the people have continually enlarged, can-
not longer be permitted to rest on the narrow basis
of gold, rendered unstable both by the law and by
the increased rapidity of communication with
foreign States. A foreign loan or speculation, a
short harvest, a telegraphic despatch, anything, in
short, may, by causing a sudden exportation of
gold, derange our whole commercial system. I
scarcely need recall to your mind how
frequent and fatal such panics have been,
how fertile of insolvency, misery and crimes,
and that in the depth of our ruin and the
triumph of our prosperity the amount of our wealth
wasof exactlyour
Inta
ontehe same,monetary
but disorganised by the failure
system. It will be well for the
Times seriously to consider whether it will be be-
coming its rank and character to be the first to err,
the last to learn, in a matter so deeply involving
the interests of civilisation and humanity.
It is a vulgar error, that the value of legal tender
money depends on the obligation of the issuer to
redeem it in gold, or to redeem it at all, or to give
any security whatever.
The value of wheat depends' on the fact that it
ministers to the great human necessity of satisfying
hunger. The value of legal tender depends on its
legal power of ministering to the equal human
necessity of satisfying debt, and in both cases those
.
values will vary exactly proportion to their abun-
dance and scarcity relatively to the wants of man-
kind. To satisfy debt is the sole function of money
and the sole element of its value. Money ought
not to be merchandise which can be melted and
robbed of its vital function as the canceller of debt.
Instead of " the promise to pay," which appears so
simple and definite to the 2 imes, it is payment
which is more simple and definite still. The only
problem to solve is to maintain it in such quanti-
ties
as shall be in harmony with the just require-
ments of industry.
What are the conditions we seek? The first and
most sacred right we have to protect is that of the
labourer to full employment. I have shown that
increased money of necessity increases employment
and sustains prices. A sufficient issue of legal ten-
der money will give full employment to labour,
producing the greatest amount of national wealth,
and the money that produces the wealth will al-
ways be able to effect its distribution, securing the
greatest amount of national happiness.
In 1853, with abundance of legal tender money,
labour was fully employed in every branch through-
out the kingdom ; all the classes you have enume-
rated were happy, prosperous, and contented. Every
man was his own Chancellor of the Exchequer.
The air was everywhere resonant with the music
of gipsey parties of the labouring classes, there was
joy and contentment throughout the land, and the
workhouses were empty. The Bank of England,
under the compulsion of the law, reduced its issues,
and at the present moment the workhouses and
gaols are altogether insufficient to contain the
paupers and criminals ; our wealth and means o
wealth being identically the same, the derange-
ment of our monetary system alone disorganises
every interest.
The Times has fulfilled many a
mission of
humanity and justice ; I still hope it will look
more deeply than it has hitherto done into this
all-important question, and that it will enter. its
powerful protest against the happiness of the
people being longer made the sport of an obsolete
theory.—l am, Sir, your obedient servant,
J. C. SALT.

At the rick of trying the patience of many of our
readers, we again advert to the subject of our bank
note circulation, and the changes likely to he sug-
gested and discussed upon the occasion of rssew-
ing the Charter Act of the Bank of England. We
are moved to do so by the pertinacity with which
the expediency of issuing for domestic use a
paper currency, not professing to be based on gold or
sliver, nor representing a fixed value or quantity of either
metar, but resting upon taxation, and deriving value
from the power of paying every tax or demand of Go-
vernment with it, is advocated and pressed upon the
consideration of the public by theorists of the anti-bul-
lion school. We have been ourselves accused of favour-
ing the doctrines of that school, because we advocate
extend;ng the power of issue, without equivalent gold
deposit, possessed by the Bank of England, beyond the
present limit of fourteen millions, which has just been
increased to fsurtjen millions four hundred and seventy.
flee thousand, in cower-picric° of the withdrawal from
circula' ion of private bank notes to an amount exceeding
seven hundred thousand }mods. But I.ve most especially
eschew and repudiate any idea of ever putting into c.r-
culation a note of any kind that shall not possess a fixed
value in bullion coin, such as shall make always. money
or money's worth into who.soever's hands may
fall ; and we are fully convinced that therea is
no method whatsoever of securing this equal value,enk
ex-
cept by adhering firmly to the condition that the Bank
of England, or whoever issues the notes, shall be bound
to pay gold er silver for them upon demand. As for the
notion that it will suffice to make the notes payable
taxes, or in satisfaction of other Government dues or
demands, it strikes us as quite absurd to expect that
equality of value can ever be maintained under such a
system. There is wanting the first essential element
of equaqty, viz., a limit of the issue to the precise
amount required to do the work of exchanges. All
Government paymenN would, of course, at once be
made in the proposed notes, but there payments are
most irregular. The issue would begin at a value
equal to bullion, but if more notes should so come into
the market than were wanted, and the quarter's taxes
were not yet due, how is the excess to be disposed
of ? The value of the notes insist, of course, in such
c_ise, fall, and circulating once at a discount, is the
(:)vernment only to receive them at par, without a
p) wer of re-issue ! We have this precise difficulty
and its consequences, in an apprehended national bank-
niptey, represented before our eyes in the example of
Russia.

These are 'almost, ipsissima verbs, the theories of the
leader of the extreme bullionists ; and, considering all
we have written and published upon the subject, we are
lost in astonishment that such crude and idle fallacies
should still be gravely propounded. Oar con temporary, too,
endorses these dogmas with as much blind confidence e
would a seven days' bill drawn on Lothbury or Lomb:,r !-
street. In demolishing the the theories now set up, we
do not intend to mystify our readers with economical
disquisitions of abstract science culled from the pages of
Adam Smith, Ricardo, Norman, or Torrens. One fact
comprehensively considered in all its bearings is worth
a thousand ideal speculations. We have a stupendous
fact recorded in history, which, confirmed as it is in
essential features by the events of the present day, over-
throws at once all the idle theory set up of our alleged
want of capital. In 1797 the Bank of England stopped
payments in specie, wholly in consequence of a deficiency
of that which is now called specie or capital. Was not
t'ic whole body of merchants saved from imminent ruin
by the Order in Council ? Did the oountry suffer from
it ? Was trade interrupted ? Were the exchanges ren
tiered unfavourable, except at a long distant period there-
after? Was industrial labour checked? On the contrary,
it received that vast impulse which has been increasing,
with some brief intervals of suspension ever since.
yists. Ile said that
in the extensive and
What did Hr. Pitt say before the Secret
? CommitteeHsspokemooref
aat egd e
eceornasli consideration onf
that the
d
r
ini d e Inquiryedyn
tt
bo
ateh es
eSmt aet emoefdtehr en. Cd ue rgrme nact
exchanges, he could o
England. So they are now.
previously favourable to
the balances of the exchangesE had been for two years
lel aro r ad
IP.
gold coming in, but
running through England as through does now, with all the Australian a
sieve.
Nevertheless, the gold disappearedng in 1797, just as it
Abstract theories about balances of trade are in that
limited sense quite inapplicable. Taking the population
of Europe, exclusive of France and England, at 150
millions only—and if but a small proportion hoards one
single piece of gold eaeh person, it sweeps
at
once the reserve of the French and English banks. What
becomes, then, of the argument about the free-will of'" thez.
English community, producing goods, and bringing .
or carrying out gold at will ? The gold disappears
against their will. Let the bullionists lay down what
dogma they may, backed by trade tables, and bewilds
ing calculations of imports and exports, which drive the
human mind to distraction, the common sense of man-
kind will support us, when we point out that the secret
springs of human action, irrespective of trade and com-
merce, will predominate over all. Self-preservation
prompts at this moment millions in Russia and else-
where to hoard gold to the full extent of their means.
This action alone carries away millions of gold, in spite
of all our efforts, by acting upon the currency, to cir-
cuiuvent it. By this process, in spite of our high finan-
cial authority, a general deficiency of circulation is not
only an impossibility, but it is a palpable fac,,, both ab-
solutely and relatively. If the war goes on, it will be-
come an impossibility for any " wise and- Cautious "
statesman to attempt to conceal it, even as before, by an
absurd resolution of Parliament.

This notice affects the' following Admiralty Charts :
Mediterranean, No. 2158 • Gibraltar to Alicante, No.
1186 ; Ceuta, No. 252 ; Gibraltar Strait, No. 142. Also
Mediterranean Lighthouse List (edition 1855), No. 216.
NOTICE TO MARINERS.
Mediterranean Sea.-- Harbour Light at Nice.
The Captain of the Port at Nice has given notice that
on the Ist July a new Light, to replaoe the former Light.
was established at the extremity of the outer mole of the
harbour of Nice, in the Gulf of Genoa.
The light is a fixed bright light, varied by red flashes
every half minute. It is placed at an elevation of 80 Eng-
lish feet above the level of the sea, and will be visible in
clear weather at a distance of about 12 miles.
The lighting apparatus is catadioptric; and of the fourth
order of the system of Fresnel.

STOCK EXCHANGE.—The tone of the market has been
rather inactive to-day, and at the close prices weaker.
The only sale reported was London and North Western
Stock, at 941.

MG. SALT ON TEE CURRENCY.

The following letter has been addressed to the
Editor of the Times :

MANCHESTER, DEC. 18.
STOOK EXCHANGE.--The market to-day has been steady,
but the business was limited. Midlands, 641—Dovers,
174 3-16—Leeds, 77 4—Great Western of Canada, 244.

Sir,—l think your comments on my sayings at
the meeting on the Bank Charter Act give me a
claim for a space in your columns for explanation.
You say that I " tantalise you with a promise of
safe but inexhaustible riches," and you assume that
a regulated issue of paper money would not give
the honest labourer full employment at remunera-
tion prices.

Thereon your imagination indulges in an arous-
ing picture of a Chancellor of the Exchequer hunted
home by packs of countless thousands of Man-
chester spinners, Dorsetshire labourers, Spitalsfield
weavers, distressed needle women, &c.
Witty if you will, but pray keep in mind that a
spice of wisdom would not mar your wit, and that
all decent feeling of humanity must for a moment
have slumbered, when you could enumerate so
lightly classes whose very names call up recollec-
tions of suffering, neglect, and social crime too
strong for words.

V On
nights When the entrance to the harbour is rendered
dangerous on account of the heavy swell, the light will be
extinguishhcl, in order to signify that vessels cannot at
such times enter the harbour, but must seek shelter at
Villa Franca on the East or Antibes to the West, accord-
ing to the direction of the wind.
By command of their lordships,
J. WASHINGTON, Hydrographer.
Hydrographic-office, Admiralty, Nov. 24.
This notice affects the following Admiralty Charts :
Mediterranean, No. 2158 ; Cape Roux to Monaco, No.
152 ; Villa Franca, Nov. 153; Palamos to Ventimiglia,
No. 1182; Mediterranean Lighthouse List (ed. 1855),
No. GO.*

CAMBERWELL ; Peckham.—At 18, Stock well•street,
Old Bent•road, on the 11th December, the son of a coal
porter, aged 11 years, " inflamed leg, exhaustion, hav-
ing suffered privation before the attack."
GREENWICH ; West.—At Dreadnought Hospital Ship,
on 14th December, a lascar, aged 25 years, " scurvy ;
death from anaemia."

GREENwIon ; Ea't.—At the Workhouge, 10th De-
cember, the wife of a wood-cutter, aged 46 years, " itch
(3 weeks) boils and low fever."
In the same sub-district, at the Workhouse, on 14th
December, the widow of a shipwright, aged 101 years,
" old age."

But to return to your Chancellor hunt. What
are the facts ?

BANKRUPTCY ANNULLED.
Robert John England and Thomas Augustus Garrard,
druggist; Bristol.

A diminished issue of money has invariably re-
duced employment and multiplied deputations,—
set all the packs in full cry ; while an increased
issue of money has invariably increased the em-
ployment of labour, put an end to deputations,
dispersed the packs, and left the Chancellor sleep-
ing undisturbed in his form. During these re-
laxations of the money laws the deadly discords
between the Government and the people have
srec
eeae
eslacßt shtiwelu
willtdoht
other's
; hffieeoawrivuni, eosi
lanti
Impn
bbCpcueerehteeauaolarroasmtlee itkedso uo
locked up,
f issuel
ui ishe
tp. been voiceless, and the
governing and the governed seem to have forgotten
existence.
s
doubtofthat
Is
tuecnhd
owri.l 1 beLo
Lott
becat'use, while it is so,
interest is forfeited and capital also, as much so as
if it did not exist. Therefore it will be made some
use of. Now, the ingenuity of man cannot devise
a mode of employing money without employing
labour to that extent ; and if the issue of money
be maintained, the power that creates wealth will
always effect its distribution, ministering equally
i to naaors fearto
r perpetuated.tc
oehses e s
a
But.
issued Have
a v
on
to national wealth and individual happiness, and
what you call one of my "delicious moments" will
bes so f
sayimillions
millionslyinu
` s
floodgatesyour mind.?
" I" Who,"as ask, ho stops
them w Thr
wdesbnto—tll44
of legal tender met
gofolpdaptoer
scsotinsvfyertthibeleprinonitoisgeld without
sai
rn,
thououncethof
ss
oyisitteem. ylotu
isu pthhool dl
aiws
anotnd anpureh
ea ng do l
tpi e
tr fheactt h ry
limits-
this issue, and closes your floodgates.
Then
inconvertible
comes t he
paper q u e sfit ixoen—datWlh4y wasmil
ohni s s amount
Bo
of .
Be-
cause it was needful for an indebted Government. .
But shall there be no honey for the people, and
would it not be more creditable that the necessities

BANKRUPTS.
Samuel Belcher, hatter, Lower Marsh, Lambeth, to sur-
render Jan. 1, at one, and Jan. 29, at twelve, at the Court
of Bankruptcy. Edwards, official assignee, Sambrook-
court ; Crafter, Blickfriars-road.
Benjamin Hainswortb, common brewer, Liverpool, Jan.
7 and 21, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court. Mor-
gan, official assignee, Liverpool; Dibb, Atkinson, and
Piper, Leeds ; Frodaham, Liverpool.
Francis Bake Webster, blanket manufacturer, Heck-
mondwike, Yorkshire, Dec. 28 and Feb. 1, at eleven, at
the Leeds District Court. Young, official assignee, Leeds ;
Iveson, Heckmondwike ; Bond and Barwick, Leeds.
Charles Robert Thompson, wine merchant, Old Broad-
street, Jan. 2, at two, and Jan. 29, at one, at the Court of
Bankruptcy. Stansfeld, official assignee; Lawrence,
Plows, and Boyer, Old Jewry-chambers. .
Nicholas Andrews and Thomas Andrews, ironmongers,
Gateshead, Durham, Jan. 4 and 25, at half-past 12, at the
Newcastle-upon-Tyne District Court. Baker, official as.
signee, Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; T. and W. Chatter, New-
castle-upon-Tyne ; Hoyle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
Thomas H. Taylor, cabinetmaker, Birmingham, Dec. 31,
at half-past ten and Jan. 21, at half-past twelve, at the
Birmingham District Court. Christie, official assignee,
Birmingham ; Chaplin, Richards, and Stubbin, Birming-
ham.

laus,ian Government commenced tie very war we
are now waging, with such creieitruelemol pellnesertoial roubles,
and has, in consequence,
sources for its further prosecution by a loan offered with
e
the anomalous condition that interest shall be demanl-
where is would be liable to be
able not only in Russia,
paid in paper roubles, based only on taxation, but at a
fixe 1 rate of exchange, at any one of fire of the principal
cities of commercial Europe. The condition will, of
courie, enhance greatly the rate of interest ; but it is in-
dispensable, and must always be so with a Government
which issues notes of credit for its interest payments.
And if England were to adopt the same system, and to
vest in its Treasury the power of issuing notes repayable
only in taxes, our national credit would be annihilated,
andwe should be compelled to add a similar condition to
every loan we attempted to negotiate for purposes of
war or peace.
This taxation-basis-currency scheme is precisely that
of Kublai
xof the French 11:evuelToghlug Shah, and of the aseignats
luded ; and history would be to which we have before a'-
b iok if we did not gather
from be as worthless as an old song
it lessons of prudence on
this point—if it did not teach us especially to avoid
s.pLtting upon this rock.
We lay it down, therefore, as an absolute and indis-
pensable condition that notes adopted into our currency
and rnaile part of our monetary system shall always, at
the option of the holder, be convertible into bullion
will circulate fu Ilon
Money. Under this condition they
and never falling to discount relatively to bullion wriellell'
ways be kept in use to the extent required for -
purposes
of traffic and exchanges. We invest a public institu-
tion like the Bank of England with the exclusive
charge of this issue, subject to the condition, be.

[ANGE.—YESTRRDAY•
Gibraltar ..............
Leghorn .. •• •• •• • • l5
80
Genoa . •••••••• .• 2,15
Milan •••••••••• •• ••••
•
Naples •••• ..... • • 44A
Palermo
133%
Messina ... . ••
Lisbon .. 5314
Oporto ......... ..... •• 53%
Rio Janeiro ..... .......
Buenos Ayres.. •• ••• • ••
New York,6o days' sight
Philadelphia • • ...... -
PRICES 01, BULLION, PERO
Foreign Gold in Bars £3 17
Portugal Gold Coin .. 0 0 0
Mexican Dollars 0 0 0
New Dollars ...... 0 0 0
Silver in bars ...... 0 0 0

Joshua James Petty, grocer, Bilston, Staffordshire, Jan.
4 and 25, at the Birmingham District! Court. Bittleston,
official assignee, Birmingham; Waterhouse, Bilston;
James, Birmingham...

Robert George Webb, draper, Stafford, Dac. 31 and Jan.
21, at half-past ten, at the Birmingham District Court.
Bittleston, official assignee, Birmingham ; Pinohard and
Shelton, Wolverhampton; Hodgson and Allen, Birming-
ham.

-We will illustrate the disturbing causes of the ex-
changes by another fact. Some years ago the good
people of Amsterdam, notoriously the best carnbists
in the world, were perpetually perplexed by a variation
in the current exchange', for which they could not ac-
count. It was at length discovered that a seely-looking
thrifty Jew, with a carpet-bag, was continually to be
eeen amongst the second-class passengers in the riatavieri
crossing backwards and forwards from London to Rot-
terdam. Was he a smuggler ? No. It transpired at

Wm. Pearse Lillicrapp, fury: er, Davies-street, Berkeley-
square, Dec. 29, at half-past eleven, and Fob. 6, at
twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Nicholson, official
assignee, Basinghall street; Davies, Son, and Campbell,
Warwick-street, Regent-street.
William Cooper, builder, Nunhead, Peckham, Dec. 24,
and Feb. 6, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy.
Nicholson, official assignee, Basinghall-street ; Minet and
Smith, New Brbad-street.
Jeremiah Challenger Wooster, fancy oabinet mandas-
tUrer, Long-lane, West Smithfield, Dec, 29, at half-past