The National Register.
London, England, 1816-10-14 00:00:00

aitonatl ikitty+

Our Utng, eattOtitution anTi %Mud.

MONDAY, OCTOBER 14, 1816.

limited periods; which, of course, occasions great distress,
by obliging them to bring their produce to market, where
there is scarce any demand for it.

IL—Remedies.
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.

Sir RICHARD RRODZS, Rart. M. P:•Si1011111 a rednction
take place in titles, relit, labour, poor.rates, and all commo-
dities, equal to that which has secured in farm produce, the
farmer still of course be as well off then, as if the prices of
corn, &r. had continue*, high.
Mr. Alla m.—Pennanent 'chef mmt be sought for in an
abatement Of out-goinr, which I fear cannot reasonably be
suspected, without a diminution of Oriel affecting them. The
malt duty, 1 conceive, presses harder than any other, and I
would not except the inconsistency of the farmer being call-
ed upon for property tax, who has only constantly a decreas-
ing property, and no income whatever to pay it with.

R. H

DZVONSHIRt.

:e on' every tax that presses oninclus-

try end agriculture, particularly the duty on small calm car-
ried coutways, for burning lime for maiiiire, and the duty on
horses used in husbandry thew, however, without a great
alteration In the price of film produce, will fall of them-
eel's by the natural course of things, for if no lime i♦ laid on
the land for manure, rutin will not be wanted to burn it, nor
horses to carry it, or town :Inman, or any other extra kind
of dressing.

JORX lELLINIAN, Jun.—l consider the distress of the far-
mers so great, that nothiug can be done to save many from
absolute ruin. The only plan that I can suggest as at all
likely to alleviate the resent difficulties, is for the Legis-
lature to protect all articles the produce of our own soil from
foreign competition, till they reach that price at which the
British farmer, under his heavy burdens, can afford to grow
them.

Jussm Worms, Sen.—As the inadequate price of produce is
too low for the various outgoings of farmers, it is obvious
that whatever can tend to bring them to a level, will be
a means of lessening the present difficulties. It has been a mat-
ter of question with some, whether the opening of the ports for
exportation for a limited time, with a bounty of 3s. or 6s. per
(porter, might not tend to relieve the markets from their ap-
parent superabundance. For although the prices in Spain
and Portugal may not be high enough to encourage much ex-
port from I•_'oglsnd, more might be sent from Ireland, and
thus direct a part of those:sup esrhielt coots inure to clog the
English markets. The idea of export would have some
effect on the prices. Others j/titosight that an issue of
Exchequer bills by Governmenc in a similar manner to the
relief afforded, in former years, to the West India planters
and traders in England, might have a gond effect, by ens.
bling the farmers to held back their produce at time:, instead
of gelling, at moments of peculiar depression, or compelling
them to dispose of stock at a great loss, when pressed for
money.

NORFOLK.

WILLIAM DVIALL. —Such is the distressed state of this
county in which I reside, that I know of no remedy likely to
afford sufficient relief: a little abatement in rent amid taxes
will nut be sufficient; for, with the present btu-dens upon
agriculture amid the present prices of corn, I do not consider
e. en gong land to be worth occupying.
WILLIAM dAs.TF:a.—lf a duty was laid on foreign butter,
cht est., and other provisions imported, it would, in my opi-
nion, be a great relict*. The present distressed state of agri-
culture causes a general waist of confidence; and a dimi-
nished circulation of paper, in my opinion, adds to the
difficulties : and this nrighbourhood has suffered much
from it.

Jou% l'itunTELL.--A bounty on the export of coin, that
the surplus quantity may find el market, in order to increase
the value of it to a reitium•rating price, for the necessary ea.
pentliture fur its produce is absolutely necessary. I will
even Mippose all the direct taxes on agriculture to be repeal-
ed; the relief tbus afforded would undoubtedly be of great
service at this momentous crisis; but its operation 'mold not
give to the Ulmer assistance adequate to his necessities, and
and could only net like a small weight on a drowning loan;
it assists in sinking Min, but if taken off, would by no means
be abl•.- to save biro.

Smear. TAI I Olt, JUIL—The repeal of the malt tax would.
perliiips, more thou duty other, benu•fit both grower and con-
sume' ; but it will not be cifectual without an advance in
the price of earn. I confess, that to me. the only method to
ensure this seems to be, by grantiog adequate beauties on
exportation, and imposing proportiouate duties un importa-
tion; both bonnties and dimes to graduate as the prices of
grain Vise or fall. I tiink by this time it must be al-
lowed by all, that it is by a fair remunewting price
alone that the British farmer will receive immediate relief,
and net by the ammint of any tases that, I'm a lung time to
come, c::11 be spared liana. Let u►e not be mi•umdentooel. I du
not thiuk lightly of a diminution of any burden which Go-
verimiebt may think pro. r to take oft our shoulders. If I
cannot get a pound, I shall he thankful for a shilling. All I
mean to enforce on the attention of the board is this—the
farmer grows desperate, it requires immediate remedy : the
progress of the abolition of taxation is far too slow to snit his
case—before the medicine open:-tes, the patient will expire.
J. Morci.rx.—Antliorised by the Chancellor of the Excise
quer to expect, drat, should Government beeonu• a bidder in
the corn market, the price of that article would rise, and Ilballr•
ed iU the same speech, of his inclitqatioss to lay out 14 million.'
of the Sinking Fund iu aid at agrienlture, Government ought
' instantly to purchase, so as to clear the London market of
wheat and flour. By this process on saccessive markt t days,
the price of wheat and wheat dour would be raise ii, and con.
sequently all other agricultural produce (so is well known.
fennel 5) would feel that hintieuce, earl. as it has been before
'hewn, that a supply beyond the &pawl in the Loudon mar.

PRICE 94d.
•
ket had the effect of a depreciation disitroportitilied to tint
cause, and that this effect Wilt communicated to all other
markets; so we must rationally concliole that a demand
beyond the supply would produce a general advJortement of
price, as much beyond the ratio to the mom expended, and
that the object in view would lie obtained at a ',Mail, if any,
risk, to the cluniinnity; for, 'you the markets rising to the
desired elevation, the wheat and wheat flour should be to-
sold by degress. Thus the markets would he balanced to
regular and fair price between the grower and consumer, and
the danger of a scarcity prevented. By this plan a large
sum would be directly placed in the possession of the VIM•
vators of the soil, and their capital thereby enlarged, which
would raise confidence, and elicit a guarded issue of country
bank notes; but this issue would be partied, because of the
restrained currency of the }MA, which is still threatened
to assume cash payments next year; the same prudence
which induced the Directors to decrease the issue of their
paper under that apprehension last, will not cease to operate
this year, especially since the rapid and general diminution
of credit. This fear In the Bank Directors to accommodate,
and the dread of the country bankers that cash should next
year be demanded in exchange fur their notes, will permit
but a very limited issue, and t% ithout a vastly extensive one,
that gnat artificial capital, now absolutely necessary for a
correspilliding support to our enormous debt, cannot be ie.
produced, unless Parliament will extend the Bank restric-
tions for five years.

REPORT ON NATIONAL SCHOOLS.
EXAMINATION OF OF THE DEAN AND MASTERS OP
WESTMINSTER SCHOOL BEFORE A COMMITTEE OP
THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.

The very Reverend Dr. IR IL AN D, Dean Of WelitlithilteT,

called he mad exeitined.

Are you acqnainted with the national establishment u far
as regards the Westminster school?—Very little; I have but
just entered upon my situation as Dean, to which I succeeded
upon the death of Dr. Vincent, nor base I yet had time to
inquire into the particulars.
Have the goodness to inform the Committee what M the
foundation of the Westminster school?—The school was
.founded by Queen Elizabeth.

Do you recollect bow it was endowed?--It was modovicd
with various lands and possessions, net the schools separate-
ly; bat the Dean aril Chapter are invested with all the pos-
sessions belonging to the foundation, they being bound to
maintain 40 scholars the re.
Is the management of the school tinder the Dean and Chap-
ter?—Yes, conjointly. and in some respects with the Dean of
Christ Church and the Master of Trinity College. I lambridge,
who have shares in the election of scholars to thetr respec-
tive colleges; but the general management is local. %t,-
have, besides that, 12 poor pensioners, fur whom we are
bound to provide; there are also donations of beef, meat, and
so forth, to other people, through the year.
The Rev. Joan RAM? C IMPBELL called in and examined.
Yon are one of the ushers of the Westminster school ? --
Yrs.

Are there 40 bays upon the foundation?—Ye..
Is the number alwayn fall?---Yes, generally full, exec pt
during the few (lays interval in tilling ap ally vacancy.

Are they boarded anil lodged as well as taught at the
school?—Some of the boys of the school arc hour& rs, other:
come to the school as home boarder*. 1 understand that the
statutes allow 120 buys, viz. 10 King's scholars and $0 tower
boys t but I do not know that that is the case, the masters
take inure town boys, abort 200 instead of the $9 hence It
is necessary to have ushers ; they are not members of tire
school. . . .

Arc the 40 King's boys the boys open the foundation?
Yes.
Are those 40 boys hoarded and lodged, as we-H as blood,
at the school?—Yes; they also halt' board oacasionaly, but
not necessarily, at the boarding houses; having been town
boys, they TC/111161 half boarders : they sleep in the dormitory
of the college, and they have dinner and supper in the hall,
and breakfast of beer, with bread and butter if they please.
Then they are. not understood to be wholly ut the expense
of the foundation?—Nu, at least not by the usage.
Do they wear a particular dress ?—Yes, a gown, a e.ap,
and college waistcoat.
Du the other boys wear any particular dress?—\o, we
call thear town boys ; there is a gown furnished once in the
year to the King's scholars, but they get also others, tot these
are rather coarser than they wish to wear.
Then has a foundation boy any other advautAres besides
those you hese mentioned over the town boys —No o:her ail-
vantage while at school.
Do they pay like the other boys fur their education F
Yes.

The same slim ?—l'es.
What does a boy pay is different in different years,
it depends nlw•n the year; it is 13 the first year,
which is the same fora town boy 01 a King's scholar, 10
guineas the next two years, and .ight guineas Cue last year.
How do they go oft to cobege ?• •They arc geocrally at the
end of the this'll, yllif elected fiir Christ Church, 0 %bird, or
Trinity College, Crinbridge I the Dean of Christ Church
perhaps takes four or live, as may lir. according to his va•
empties; and the master of Trinity, the remainder of the
eight candidates, or fourth•year Kietg's scholars.
How many scholarships may there be altogether at OzforJ
and Cambridge belonging to Westnaineter?-1 be I.eve there
is no limited bee; the Man of Christ Church will tale
three, four, or five, az hr chooses; they insist to►c the eight
betbreen them, viz. Oxford and Cambridge: eight go off
every year; they have stsitentships st Christ Church, a 4

re:lol.tr•ltit: at 'Trinity , the .cliolai ship', are nut vet y 1111101
%f•tih Cavil haring.
What are the Attnientships at Chti.t Church worth ?—I Jo
not kno•.v exactly those are the same as the other
they are indeed made rather better ; ai I nider•t.uul
Ihry are gnat worth about 501. or 631. a )carilt.tving lit I)
_ _

Are those stridentships given entirely to foundation boys
—Yes, these but one town boys also eet sttplentshi:;., iu
rot-union with all other vomit,* no.n. hut these three, four, or
live, are confi•:ed to the King's scholars ; the scholarships at
. Trinity ar. worth very little indeed.
llow are loss tit upoo the Copulation ? %bout thirty
town boy• .putnally propose themselt es as candidat.'s from
the fourth, filth, and shell forms: they contend with each
other in Latin and Greek, particularly in era iiiiii atical
speaking only Latin; two bays still cliallenee for five.
In ors together in grammar question*. At the end of eight
weeks of unstant challenge, the eight head of the number
Sie chosen into college to fill the vacancies raised by the
eight elected to tite universities; the other or those who pre-
sented themselves, but ended below those eight, are chosen
arcortEng as any vacancies may or( nr in the yvar. The
Dead master sits us umpire during these 60t weeks of eon-
test

Then the forty foundation boys are elio:en, in the way you
base Jost now described, ont of the towir boys .—Ves.
Cin no boy b^ put upon the foundation without such
election as con have described f—No, it is not possible, as I
brilve.

there no instance of any such thing ?—No, it is not pos-
sible.

How are the foundation boys chosen for scholarships or
otudent,!dps F.—At the end of their four years in college, the
Dean of Christ Church, and the Master of the Trinity Col-
lege, CHOI bridgo, cleft these fourth-year boys at their pleasure
and take the eight between them.
And without any trial ?—Thete is au examination, but it
is rather a matter of form.
Arc there auv boys presented, or otherwise put upon the
foundation at Westminster, than by examinatiodlP—No, it
could not be.
What are the Bishop's boys?—There are four boys ap-
pointed by the Dean ; they, as I hear, are called Bishop's
boys, because the Dean had also been a Bishop ; they get
their education. free, awl have a purple goyim given them
annually.
Are they boarded and lodged, as well as educated ? —No,
they usually live in the neighbourhood, and board at home.
Do they get any other advantage besides their education
and gown ?-11 a Bishop's boy has gone through the school,
be gets au exhibition at St. John's college, Cambridge, but I
do notknow the amount ; I fancy 201. a sear, but I du not
know exactly.
Is the situation of King's scholars much sought after among
the boys?—l'es.: iu consequence of its being obtained by an
examination, and creditable, boys of distinction and all
tanks are anxious for it.

Has the mode or choosing King's sehnlarq been alµ•ays the
manic believe always; it has certainly for SO or more
years back, idiot a greater length of time.
Me. JOHN HEN v Gait. called is, and examined.

What are you ?—Receiver of the Dean and Chapter of
N'ettrainster.

What revenue belongs to the Westminster school ?—There
is no particular part at our revenue applicable to the school
or the charities mentioned by the Dean : but out of the gross
rcrenee the expenees of these three st be paid : there are
12 poor almsmen mentioned, about 121 each, and 40 women,
who receive weekly donations of bread, beet; and money,
and then the 41) buys on the foundation.
What is the RNpence of the school of 40 boys ?—lt varies
according to the prioe of Articles ; but I should think li-tweets
11.601 n. and 1,2001. a !year, including all expences incident to
those boys.
Then do you understand that the King's scholars pay for
their own education?—'dot to nay knowledge.
Do yen pay the salary to the master?—Yes, besides what
they 1114Ve vrivattly front the town boys, with which wr7 have
suo concern.

What i. the salary of the master ?-391. Gs. 15d. ; and lie haq
no perquisites, to my knowledge.
Ha. be A htruse ?—Yes. The second master has 151. and a
bowie.

The usliers?—We knew nothing of them ; we pay nothing
to them.
Arc those all the salaries yon pay on or-ount of the school %
--Ycs : when I mentioned firm 10001. to 12001., that includes
'vcr% e►pence, as I slated before.
Does it include the whole expel/re 'Air+ the Westminster
school is of to the Dean and Chapter?—They hay.: the re_
.hairs of the two masters' houses, as they happen to become
ate

The R. WILLIAM P.P. called in, and my:tin d.

Von ore !head waster of the Westminster school ?-4 am.

IS the nominee of boys upon the foundation always full ?
l-C6,4hielys at full as in a certain sense it can be : if there is
any tlefivicacy. it is always bets eeu the times of admission ;
If the Dean, or whoever is to admit is out of town, they must
wait for their return, or scud a person fur the purpose.
Have they sapper as well as dinner %—They have; and a
breakfast is provided for them, but at an hour at which it is
%el y incimtenient to take it, according to the Old regulations.
Titirty•-twii of the boys are provided with gowns once a year,
hat not with caps.
When the Isovie to college, who are the electors?—lf
the Master of trinity an.i the Dean of Christ Church agree
upon the electioa, nothing further is said . but if they disagree
upon the election of the boy it is then put to the vote el the
%%hole 1404 of eketors. •
Is Ow Dean of Christ Church limited in the number he
takes i—No.

_ .
What are tke Bi4kops boys?—There was a Bishop Wil-
-1 Battik, Ilisbor of Lincoln, who left .oniv small estate.
I du not know %%hat the proper description of it is, but some-
thin; io land-, to faittiel 411 e,t4blrilllllent Of four hOy., : their
ftlitittittit is found theta grataitomly,and they have a purple
gotten ; there is n 41114!! autmoi allowance, I think it is be-
tween rA:V4 it pounds; but as it is such a /title, we du
not ray it them while they are at bekuol, WO( t it arcatuttlate
till the titow art ives wh, a tiley may be admi:tcll tots :it. John's
Ci.llegetCanthridge, and we Hien Kay them only that ae-
• comitla don, Initsometliing .111ure, making it atiwitut to about
:M. yrill fair follf
In whose aotinstatiou are the Bigter's boys? --la the Dean
and the head master.

[Wax: rwax us la footpuite tin t.atr out. thar Report on

al. P.:111J S:

• THE NATIONAL REGISTTII.

STATE OF THE CHILDREN EMPLOYED
IN MANUFACTORIES.
•
[EVIDENCE TAk EN BEFORE. A RELEcT COMMITTER OF TILE