The Sun.
London, England, 1855-06-12 00:00:00

iart,

LONDON, TUESDAY, JUNE 12, 1855.

The termination of the Conferences at Vienna,
and the abortive result of the negotiations entered
into solely in deference to the wishes of Austria,
render it imperative that the Ministers of FRANCIS
JOSEPH should definitively decide on the course
which they will now pursue. In accordance with
the terms of the treaty of the 2d of December,
they are.bound to consider the mode in which
the objects of the contracting parties can be car-
ried into practical execution. But mere con-
sideration is not sufficient. They must, accord-
ing to the true interest and meaning of that
solemn undertaking, be prepared to enforce, or to
aid and assist in enforcing, the reasonable demands
of the Western Powers. It was not through the
perverse obstinacy or undue demands of the re-
presentatives of France and England that the ne-
gotiations so completely failed. Austria approved
of the terms tendered for the acceptance of Russia;
nay, more, there is reason to believe that they
were accepted by the Plenipotentiaries of the
Allies at her special instance and request. At
the conference of the 26th April, after Lord JOHN
RUSSELL had left Vienna, Count Bum, declared
that " the project developed by the Minister for
Foreign Affairs of France, and declared by the
Plenipotentiaries of Russia, contained a com-
plete and efficacious system ; but that he could
not say so much of the proposition put
forward that day." He, therefore, officially
declared his approbation of the proceedings of the
Allies, and debarred himself from setting up any
objection against their conduct. There is, there-
fore, nothing to excuse, or even extenuate, the
evasion by Austria of the responsibility she deli-
berately undertook.
But Russia well knew the character of Austria,
so far as the Government is concerned—which we
shall not willingly confound with the People—
with whom she had to deal, that she is still
" Fortune's champion, who did never fight
But when her humorous ladyship is by
To teach her safety."

The Four Points were, therefore, accepted, al-
though there was not the slightest intention of
really acting thereon. The two first Points
were partially settled, although with reserva-
tions quite sufficient to allow Russia "to
drive a coach and six " through them at
any time she thought the " interests of Germany"
were thus satisfied, anti Austria had no further
care. She regarded net her forfeited faith, or
the disgrace that must attend its palptble viola-
tion.trickery By contemptible and mendacity
she wriggled herself into the occupation of the
Principalities; by pretending a regardfor the cause
justice, she placed herself in what she thought
.0 be an advantageous position, ready, like her
prototype, the fox, to stop in and obtain the
prize of victory, when. the nobler combatanta
were exhausted by 60 severity of the context.
She does not, however, :as yet, see her way suffi-
ciently clear, without danger to herself, to crush
either side. She, therefc.re, vacillates and truckles
as before, and has evinced a sublime contempt of
her engagements worthy of a professional per-
jurer.

Her first step, after the closing of the Con-
ferences, seems to be the diminution of her arma-
ments. She is withdrawing her troops, and re-

ducing 100,000 men of her army. There can :
be but little, if any, doubt of her real object
in so doing. It is not merely to observe a neu- I
trality—dishaeeful at all times—but especially
so considering the expectations she has excited,
the solemn pledges by which she has found her-
self—but to render valuable assistance to Russia,
to relievethe troops of that Power on the frontiers,
and enable them to proceed to the Crimea to
take part in the fierce conflict there raging. Her
attitude is to be one of " expectancy ;" that
is to say, waiting to strike a blow whenever she
can do so with impunity. We are by no means
surprised at this course ; on the contrary, we
predicted it ab initio, before even the breaking
out of the War, when in 1853 and 1854 we were
" waiting for Austria," just as we have been in
1855. All parties have now come round to the
opinions we then promulgated, and even Lord
JQHN RUSSELL himself has confessed that it is
h•peless to expect the active co-operation of Aus-
tria. When, then, are the " talismanic words" to
he uttered I When are the names of Italy
Hungary 1 ! Poland ! ! ! to be proclaimed trumpet-
tongued from every part of Europe ? When is ven-
geance to fall on the plunderers who participated
in the nefarious robbery of ruined Poland. There
is no reason why we should now truckle to
Austria when she not merely truckles to our ad-
versary, but dares to threaten ourselves. If ever

" Germanism" was at a heavy discount in Great
Britain it is so at this moment. The " concealed
influences" can no longer curb the just indigna-
tion of the British people. Austria must be either
for us or against us. If for us, let her say so at
once, and let her deeds be in accordance with her
words. If against us, let the most efficient means
be at once adopted, and these means are indicated
by the talismanic words—ltaly ! Hungary ! !
Poland I ! !

The most arrant alarmist of the day, is, unques-
tionably, the gentleman who discoursed so elo-
quently, on Thursday evening, to the House of
Commons, about batter-puddings—that pugnaci-
ous peacemonger the Hon. Member for the city
of Manchester. His retrospects were most mourn-

ful—his comments upon the present most lachry-
mose—his anticipations of the future most lugu-
brious. Mr. BRIGHT threatened his countrymen
with a bad harvest, with disastrous campaigns,
with scarcity at home and disease abroad, with
peril to our arms and injury to our commerce,
with an utterly bootless effusion of our blood and
of our treasures. Looking to the past, he took
care to remind us that within the last twelve
months we have expended upon the War, between
30,000 and 40,000 men, and from 30,000,0001.
to 40,000,0001. sterling ! Looking to the future
he warned us that we must prepare for still
larger sacrifices and still more considerable dis-
bursements. Trade, he intimated, had suffered
already from the circumstance of our having ad-
ventured upon this extravagant enterprise. It
would suffer still more. Our energies must

infallibly become yet further crippled—and so
forth ! The Honourable Member sounded the
whole gamut of alarm from the treble to the dia-
pason. And common sense tells us all the while
to test by Mr. BRIGHT'S favourite criterion of facts
and figures the real value of this grand "rhetorical
artifice"—this poisoned shaft barbed with all the
point of impassioned invective, and winged with
all the energy of an infuriated declamation.
How, let us ask, do matters actually stand with
us, while the Honourable Member for Manchester

is still bowling over our calamitous situation
Why, for one thing, as the Prime Minister him-
, self remarked at the close of the discussion on the
night of the Bth-9th instant, so far from our
manufacturing interests, for example, having suf-
fered in consequence of this struggle with Russia,
as many as 40,000, instead of as usual 30,000,
bales of cotton are being commenced weekly in
the factories of Manchester. Nor is this all. The
indications of continued prosperity in this country
in spite of the War are by no means restricted to
the solitary fact adduced in contradiction to Mr.
BRIGHT'S assertions by Viscount PALMERSTON.
Besides this increased consumption of cotton in
the Manchester manufactures, a number of strongly

corroborative circumstances of a kindred nature
may .be readily enumerated. Among other things,
for instance, the demand for money for commer-
cial purposes is well known to have recently im-
proved, if anything, rather than become deterio-
rated. The stock of gold in the Bank all the
while increasing, and this, moreover, simultaneously
with the drain caused by reviving activity in the
French exchanges. The balance in the exporta-
tions and importations of the precious metals
during the past week showing, at the same time,
under the former head shipments of some 50,000/.
to the European continent, and of 463,0001. to
India and China, and under the latter head of 9,000/.
from the Peninsula, of 60,0001. from Australia, of
197,000/. from New York, and from Mexico and
the West Indies of some 2,408,000 dollars. Added
to the significant fact of the increase of gold depo-
sits in the bank—there has been upon the last
month an increase upon the previous month to
the extent of 560,5421. in the money actually in
circulation in the United Kingdom. Again :as
to the Harvest—notwithstanding the almost un-
exampled abundance of the last, and the infre-
quency of an immediate repetition of plenty in
the ensuing season, the accounts received from all
parts of the country as to the promise given by
the budding craps are in the highest degree fa-
vourable. This, too, in spite of the unusual
severity of the winter, and of the more than ordi-
nary tardiness of the spring. Everything almost
—look where we will—seems directly to contravene
the arguments adventured upon with so much
perverse temerity by the Honourable Member for
Manchester.
Besides all which, let the wisdom of that old
axiom not be overlooked in the present instance,
which pronounces that one of two disputants to
be in fault who loses his temper in the discussion!
It cannot but be admitted on all hands, that those
who displayed in the most flagrant manner during
the recent debates in the House of Commons,
that captiousness and that irritability which find
their readiest vent in virulent personalities and
'rancorous 'vituperating, were the meek and placid
prophets of the Peace-at-any-Price patty—the
suave and genial representative of the West
Riding, and after him the gentle and all-forgiving
Member for the city of Manchester.

The proper limits of legislation are by no means
so clearly defined as to occasion no difficulty even
to those who would have them most rigidly ob-
served. Nearly all legislation is based on com-
promise, or materially modified by it. The law
which gives us protection limits our actions in
order to insuio that protection. Society, in fact,
is bound together by compromise ; and to carry
out the idea of liberty as it is too often sought to
carry principles out,wuld be to produce a license
that
would infallibly destroy it. The simple rules
to be followed are to give as much liberty to the
individual as is compatible with the welfare of
society, and in doubtful cases to give society the
preference.

The subject of Sunday legislation, among others,
is not without its difficulties ; and when our cor-

respondent _ " Alpha" asks, at the outset,
"How far have we a (legislative) right to buy

or sell on the Lonn's-day ?" We are un-
able to give him an answer so definite
as he may desire. But laying aside,
as he does not, though intending to do i
so, what he calls a religious consideration of
the question, we will tell him in what light we,-
as journalists, are accustomed to regard it.
Apart from religious considerations, he has
arrived at the conclusion that " the seventh day,
as a day of rest, is man's inalienable birthright—
the poor man's absolute and positive right." How
he has done so we are unable to discover, since
the sixth or eighth day might serve the purpose,
and we know of no other charter than the Scrip-
tural one. Not to dwell on this, we cordially

admit the propriety—nay, the necessity—of the
observance of a weekly day of rest, in order to
promote and maintain the common welfare. All
the facts brought to bear on the subject
go to prove that a weekly twenty-four hours'
abstinence from toil, whether manual or
mental, and release from confinement, with
its unhealthy atmosphere, and the burden
of enervating routine, tend to the health
and moral elevation of the individual, and to the
strength and stability of the State. A day of
I rest, or Sabbath granted, and our notion of rest
does not exclude the breathing of pure air in
green fields, we come to the mode in which it
should be enforced.
Now the object of a day of rest being to benefit
individuals, and through them society, whatever
frustrates that object, or leaves them worse than
it found them is to be carefully avoided. It is
well for every one to attend church or chapel, but
a law that would compel such attendance
would produce infinite mischief if enforced.
So far from the interests of religion being
served a deep and lasting dislike to
religion would follow. So with Sunday trading.
It would be well if there were nothing to prevent
every trader from shutting up shop and taking a
holiday the whole of Sunday. But unfortunately
there is. The poor laborious mechanic who
reaches borne with his hard earnings late on Sa-
turday night ; the poor wretch who may not re-
ceive the means to purchase his Sunday food until
the morning of that day ; what could they do if
every shop was closed against them ? Why
they must starve or steal. This is notorious.
The ultra-Sabbatarian party, in fact, are compelled
to admit that wages are paid in thousands of in-
stances so late on Saturday night as to be useless
till the following morning, and that some change
must be made in the time of payment. But they
do not attempt to secure the required change first.
The observance of the Sabbath appears to be
their only consideration, and so that it be pro-
moted, the poor, to whom the LORD of the Sabbath
ministered, may perish, or break through the
boundaries of law and entail on themselves the
disastrous consequences. When, therefore, we
oppose the bill for the prevention of Sunday
trading in London. We should like to see the
Sunday a day of recreation in an enlarged
sense to all—but we must yield to a pa-
ramount claim. We contend for the in-
alienable and primal right of the poor to live,
and to have the opportunity to do so honestly.
And when our correspondent asks to whom those
engaged in traffic are to look for protection, we

can only reply—lt is better that they, a few,
should suffer some little privation, than that
countless thousands should be deprived of their
Sunday fare and be put in the way of temptation.

LATEST NEWS.

EVACUATION OF ANAPA
BY 'THE RUSSIANS.

ADMIRALTY, JUNE 12, 185

Mr. Osborne presents his compliments to the

Editor of The Sun, and begs to inform him

that intelligence has just been received that the
Russians have evacuated Anapa, and are supposed
to have crossed the Koubau. The Circassians are

in the place.

PARIS, TUESDAY, JUNE 12, 7.30 A.M.

The Moniteur announces that the Minister of

War has received the following despatch from
General Pelissier, dated Crimea, June 9, 11 p.m.:—

" The situation is the same as yesterday.

" All the demonstrations of the enemy against
the conquered works have been fruitless.
" They have abandoned the so-called battery of
the 2d May ; they have also completely aban-
doned to us the right shore of Careening Bay.

" The vessels in port have sought refuge in
Artillery Bay, where our large mortars can reach
them.

" We are watching them attentively."

The Russian works with which the Allies must
have had to deal on the 6th are the advanced line
of defences around the Arsenal and Karabelnia
suburb, commencing with the redoubts on the
right of Careening Bay and following the line to
the south, or Admiralty Harbour. This compre-
hends the Lunette battery immediately above
Careening Bay on the left, or west side, a new re-
doubt thrown up lately on the cliff above the road-
stead, and still further to the left than the last-
named work, the Mamelon Redoubt, and the
Malakhoff, Redan, and Barrack Batteries. It is
quite as certain that the Malakhoff batteries, built
around the ruins of the original White Tower, is the
point to which the besiegers are working, as that
these batteries do not, as has been suggested to the
public, constitute the White Work taken on the
7th inst. Upon the Malakhoff batteries the enemy
has concentrated the vigour of his defensive ener-
gies, and the besiegers have uniformly regarded the
same works as the key of the whole position.
The Mamelon, now in our possession, of course
commands every part of the Malakhoff works. Our
guns,when mounted in this newly-acquired position,
will have a double advantage over those of the
enemy, arising at once from the elevation of the Ma-
melon—implied in its name—and the depression of
the Malakhoff batteries below the general level,
lying, as they do, at the bottom of a hollow. At
the second bombardment it was found that while
the Mamelon was greatly injured by the guns of
Gordon's battery, the Malakhoff batteries, although
400 yards (according to Prince Gortschakoff) behind
it, suffered much more.
The Mamelon itself is a steep rooky eminence,
about a mile in circumference at the base, an d
about a quarter of a mile at the top. Its average
height from what was lately our advanced parallel
is about 100 feet. The approach to it was swept by
about 40 guns in the Malakhoff works ; its own
guns made it truly formidable, and when it is
added that its steep sides are covered with masses
of rock and loose stones, the difficulty of the enter-
prise of July 7 becomes apparent, and its success
more striking. Already the besiegers must have
gained considerably in the freedom of their move-
ments, as the guns of the Mamelon completely
commanded the ravine of of Otchakov just before
it expands into the irregular-shaped valley lying
at the foot of Frenchman's-hill.