The Sun.
London, England, 1855-07-25 00:00:00

PRUSSIAN DESPATCH.

The Prussian, Monitetv publishes the following de-
spatch, dated the sth, addressed by M. de Manteuffel
to Count Arnim, the Prussian ambassador at Vienna :
" Through the kindness of Count Esterhazy, we have re-
ceived a confidential communication of the project of a de-
claration on the subject of the Eastern Question, which Baron
Prokesch is to present to the Diet in the name of his Govern-
ment. The Cabinet of Vienna has also been so kind as to
communicate to us the circular dated Juno 28, by which
Count Buol announces to the German Governments the steps
which the Imperial Court of Austria intends to take. I
need scarcely assure your Excellency that these documents
have appeared most interesting to the Government of the
King, and in the opinion which we have formed of
them, we are guided by the greatest federal amity to-
wards the Imperial Court of Austria, as well as by a
sincere desire to impress as much as possible the decla-
rations which the Diet may be called upon to make,
with a character of unanimity. In this respect, I above all
notice with satisfaction the declaration contained in the cir-
cular of the 28th, viz., that the Confederation cannot be
called upon to enter into new engagements, or to give exten-
sion to the existing ones. This is perfectly in accordance with
our view of the matter, as is unmistakeably proved by the
numerous documents which have latterly emanated from the
government of the King ; and consequently the only question
which might be raised, is that of knowing whether, in gene-
ral, a new declaration on the part of the Diet is necessary,
seeing that it is only to maintain its preceding resolutions. If,
on this question, we were only to consider our own situation,
we should be disposed to reply to it negatively, since Prussia
in her quality of European power will remain under any cir-
cumstances in that state of preparation for war which responds
to the resolution of the Diet of the Bth February. In the
meantime, although the hope of the re-establishment of peace
between the belligerent powers has not been yet realised, we,
nevertheless, think ourselves authorised to believe according
to declarations which have been made to us as to the turn
which events have lately taken, that the chance of Austria
taking an active participation in the war is removed, and
that the uneasiness which had arisen from that idea for Ger-
many is considerably diminished, and consequently the desire
expressed by our German co-federates to see the charges im-
posed on them appears justified. The best means of coming
to an understanding on this question will be to submit it to
the deliberation of the Committees to whom the Austrian
declaration will be referred, and the more so, as the
text of that declaration was not in the first place made known
to the other German Governments, and a complete exami-
nation appears absolutely necessary, and certainly so in the
eyes of the Austrian Government. As far as what concerns the
Prussian Government, its position as regards the treaty of De-
cember, and the negotiations connected with it arc well
known. Prussia has not acceded to that treaty, notwith-
standing the invitations made to her, and a formal approba-
tion of the conclusion of that treaty, and of the conferences
connected with it, would place us in flagrant contradiction
with our past policy. We are convinced beforehand that
such cannot be the intention of the Cabinet of Vienna. Such
an approbation would suppose a solidarity, which Prussia
considers as incompatible with her political convictions, as
well as with the solicitude she owes to her own interests and
to those of Germany, and she must consequently decline it
now as openly as she did at the moment of the conclusion of
the treaty of December. Such an approbation, moreover,
could not take place, unless Austria should, as formally, ap-
prove of the policy pursued by Prussia and by Germany. Such a
reciprocal approbation given after the facts had occurred would
perhaps bring prominently to light and in a disastrous man-
ner the differences of the past, and we prefer leaving it to the
Imperial Cabinet to decide whether it would not be better
to renounce it on both sides in the interest of the wished-for
understanding. We are confirmed in this idea by the decla-
ration contained in the Austrian project of wishing to main-
tain irrevocably the bases of peace as admitted by Austria.
As far as it is meant by this to point out the maintenance,
under all circumstances, of the four points considered as a
whole, the resolution of the Diet of the 9th December, would
be exceeded. Such an obligation does not exist as far
as Germany is concerned. She has resolved only to ap-
iazguasisnianalumswtehrdoicinhga
propriate and to maintain the first two points. Since
Russia has declared that she will also consider them as
obligatory for her so long as Germany and Austria shall not
take part in the war,. there is no reason to believe
them. menaced by her. These two points, however, will
only possess real value by being executed, and in that respect
Prussia thinks right once again to reserve to herself, in
of
name and in that of Germany, the participation which is
ow
to her. As regards the third point, it is relative on ton rho
hand to the maintenance of the integrality of Turkey;
in
In
the
other to the diminution of Russian preponderan
Black Sea. In the first respect there scarcely:
ferenco of opinion. Austria declares that
d fend that
to continue continue to occupy the principalities to
ae and Constanti-
rity. It belongs to the Cabinets of Vienna s
necessary, or
nople to decide if this occupation 1%00
0,. these
prinei-
how long it will bo so, for the occ,uPoa.f a
treaty between
palities has taken place in consegmantc she isedxeisatesrrn.aiutfd
affitirs in a German
Austria and the Porte. Looking
be apprehended at Pre-
tbe resolution of the
appoii,notoroodf vnioetw,
imanpossaitace.kwlehfsersno from 0
Diet of Dec. 9 was taken. Theless, evtehnets
sent than ever. e
forrii theg o
fG
theer m a
country
territory,ilntr y
is
so the rm.
tmorelotion
in Governments, that in an exceedingly
amongst all th Gout:the
menacing
most energetre measures
short space of crimesinugrectlihaleraf'sc:enfo:rle
with the federal obv • would be
igations • •
taken, in conformilin g relative to
The -. our Sovereign is l
that safety. for that holy • a so determined to
employ all his forces
.0
in mission. The diminution
of Russian preponderance the Blac • k Sea is the point against
which the understanding between Austria and. the other
contracting parties of the treaty of December has failed,
and which has led to the close of the conferences. AVe
abstain from every examination of the question of ascertain-
ing who led to that result, and we unhesitatingly approve of
the efforts made by Austria in favour of peace. But from the
time that these efforts have re •
that no doubt exists, that the remained fruitless, from the time
Cabinets of Paris and London
no longer conceive themselves bound by the declarations made
to the Diet, all the propositions which have been diSOUNtII

Carlisle, up to a very recent period, was more celebrated
for its historical recollections including the imprison.
meat within its castle of Mary Queen of Scots after the
battle of Langside, and its slop during the rebellion of
1745, than for the importance of its trade. More peaceful
times, the advance of civilisation, and, above all, the
railway systeta,have, however,done much to develops the
resources of Carlisle, and the population, which in 1801
was under 10,000, now closely approximates to 30,000.
The old gazeteers inform us the staple trade of the town
consisted of whips and fish-hooks, but those elements of
industry are now thrown far into the shade by its cotton
and woollen manufactures—the tall chimneys, to which
England owes so much of its commercial glory, now
rapidly adding to the variety, if not the beauty, of the
scenery. The most extensive of these establishments is
that of Messrs. Dixon and Son, who are engaged in the
manufacture of cotton goods in all their details, being
said to employ 7,000 or 8,000 hands, or more than one-
fourth of the whole population.
_

As we have stated, Much of the present prosperity of
Carlisle is due to its railways, though the Carlisle Canal
to the Solway Frith, which was opened in 1823, and has
been since converted into a railway, gave the first real
impetus to the trade. The city is, indeed, now one of
the great centres of the railway system of the north of
England, as uniting it with that of Scotland. The first
of these railways, the Newcastle and Carlisle, 60 miles in
length, was opened throughout in 1838 ; the Maryport
and Carlisle, 27 miles in length, and from which there
are junctions with Cockermouth and Whitehaven, was
cpeued in 1845 ; the Lancaster and Carlisle, 70 miles in
length, which connects Carlisle and Scotland with the
whole of the London and North-Western system, was
opened in 1846 ; and the Caledonian Railway, to Edin-
burgh and Glasgow, and from which there is a junction at.
Gretna with Dumfries, was opened in 1847. On entering
Carlisle by any of the railway stations, the visitor's atten-
tion is at present attracted by triumphal arches of ever
greens and flowers thrown across the roads in honour o
the meeting of the Agricultural Society, and a few of the
houses are decorated with flags, wreaths, evergreens, &c.,
hut these tokens of welcome are far less imposing and less
general than in any other city we have visited with the
society. If, however, the outward show of welcome is not
so great as at some places, the inward feelings of gratifica-
tion at the visit can scarcely be conceived to be leas enthu-
siastic, inasmuch as the old tariff of 10s. and 15s. a
night for beds is demanded with the greatest nonchalance
though we believe that the expectations of a rich har-
vest will, in a great degree, be disappointed, the visitors
in many instances preferring to make the neighbouring
towns, which are easily reached by railway, their rest-
ing-places, and thus escape the extortion of the resident
' innkeepers and other inhabitants. At the same time
the number of visitors up to this period is much smaller
than anticipated, or what we have been accustomed to
observe at similar meetings. This we think, however,
may be in some measure accounted for by a slight alte-
ration in the arrangements, which will deter the general
company from arriving until a later period of the week
than hitherto. The trial days of the machinery
ertyhe im-
plement-yarda is not thrown open to the public
been extended so as to include the Tuesday
until aad
Wednesday. of the castle, onThe exhibition ground is to the north
until the,
ements of the
tora distinguish them front
nothing The
dinner pavilion, with all its
some beautiful meadows called the Sarorracneg
showyard, there beingries. It would
be useless to describe the gene
those of former years.
accommodations
the meetings of the society, and we
every attendant at
say
that the arrangements are as per_
need therefore only
possible to make them. The space allotted to
is °B;ebtdasi
in such
at Lincoln lastyear—Carliale
and ornaments, is likewise familiar to
feet as it is p
such close propinquity to the prin-
net
of the exhibition at
i-
atutaot ries in the kingdom as that city ; but
ma and estood that there will be a very respectable
still, it is u e
entries for cattle exceed those
whilst the
exhibited which attracted the
of any
show,cipa Ibie g implements e
- with the exception
former rai; ~
Windsor in .1-opi
may be mentioned Boy-
Amongst the.impleme.nts
this engine consists in the wheels
most attention in the trial yard
Boy-
dell's locomotive or steam traction engine for ploughs,
being supplied with
ge
of noveltya
series
er ioe
" a portable railway," as it is called,
of this
of shoes or short lies of railway,
which are laid with the revolutions of the wheel, and thus
facilitate the general progress. The appearance is any-
thing but prepossessing, but the ease with which the en-
clOcnsistlinh
gine worked appears to have given general satisfaction.
It is stated that the" portable railway" has been lately
applied to gun carriages, and is likely to have a wily
material influence on military operations by the ease and
facility with which heavy ordnance will be enabled to
be removed from one point to another. There have been
also trials, by the judges, of a number of drills, hoes,
ploughs, reaping machines, &c., but we abstain from of.
fering any opinion as to their respective merits, as it
would be not only manifestly unjust to do so prior to the
publication of the awards, but it is very difficult for the
observer, from his necessarily disadvantageous position
and want of sufficient opportunity to examine the vari-
ous implements, to arrive at a correct conclusion with
regard to them.
Carlisle was, last evening, visited by a very heavy
thunderstorm ; and this morning being wet and sloppy,
fears are beginning to be entertained relative to the sus
cess of the popular day of the exhibition.

ME. Mum IN CARLISLE.—Taking advantage of the
meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society in Carliele,
Mr. Mechi, on Saturday, delivered a lecture, in the
Athenaeum, on the agricultural state and prospect' of
the kiugdoul.