The Sun.
London, England, 1855-11-16 00:00:00

army.

BERLIN, Nov. 14,

The Emperor Alexander, in consideration of
the complete ruin of Russian commerce at Sebas-
topol, Eupatoria, Yalta, Kertch, Kaffa, and Ber-
diansk, has ordered that the trade shall be exempt
from all the usual taxes and duties until the

CLOSE OF THE GREAT EXHIBITION.

PARIS, Nov. 15.
The Emperor closed the Great Exhibition this
day.

The proceedings were brilliant, and went off
with great enthusiasm.
The ceremony of closing the Universal Exhibi-
tion took place this day, the doors of the Palace of
Industry were opened at 10 o'clock in the morn-
ing, and closed at 11, after which hour no one was
admitied. Persons having special tickets were ad-
mitted by the twelve doors of the building. The
cards indicated the door by which the bearer was
to enter, and the persons having them were ordered
to be careful to the indication, so as to prevent any
kind of confusion.
The procession consisted of two squadrons of the
Guides. In the first state carriage were S. A. I.
Madame la Princesse Mathilde, preceded by 1e
Chevalier d'Honneur, et les Dames de service de
Son Altese Imperiale ; the carriage of S. A. I. Mon-
seigneur le Prince Jerome Napoleon, preceded by
the officers of his household and four Piquers de
Front ; followed by le Chiunbellan de I'Empereur
et le Chababellan de l'lmperatrice de service, le
Prefet du Palais de service, l'Ecuyer de rlmpera-
trice ; next came five state carriages, drawn by six
horses ; the first containing les Aide de Camp de
rEmpereur, un Aide do Camp de S. A. R le Due
de Cambridge ; the second was occupied by la
Dame d'Honneur, les Dames du Palais, le Prea.ier
Chambellan—de l'lmperatrice ; the third, l'Adju-
tant-General du Palais, le Premier Chambellan de
l'Empereur, le Premier Veneur, un Aide de Camp
de S. A. R. le Duc de Cambridge ; the fourth, le
Grand Chambellan, le Grand Veneur, le Grand
Maitre des Ceremonies,le Grand Maitre de la Maison
de l'lmperatrice ; the fifth, S. A. I. Monseigneur le
Prince Jerome-Napoleon, S. A. I. Madame la Prin-
cesse Mathilde, and H.R.H. the Duke of Cam-
bridge ; and finally the Imperial carriage with the
Emperor and Empress, accompanied by the Grand
Marechal du Palais and the Grand Maitresse de la
Maison de l'lmperatrice, escorted by General Com-
mandant la Garde Imperiale, le Premier Ecuyer,
and l'Ecuyer de Service, Aide-de-camp le Service,
&c., &c. The Imperial carriages were followed
by the Officer d'Ordounance, a squadron of Cent-
Gardes, and two squadrons of Cuirassiers de la
Garde.

The interior presented a most picturesque and
tnposing gaped. The galleries, which run round
he central nave, were hung with crimson velvet,
illuminated with gold fringe—the roof being occu-
pied at intervals with chandeliers, contributed by
exhibitors. Each column was decorated with an
Imperial golden eagle; and over each compart-
ment of the gallery the same emblem was placed,
with flags on either side. The crystal arching of
the building was crowded with the flags of all
nations, the bright colours of which sparkled
on the cold grey of the iron and glass of
which the structure is composed. Below, the
flooring was occupied with an amphitheatre of
seats, circling round the crimson throne erected
on the south side, and immediately facing the
grand entrance. Here, on either side, and oc-
cupying the whole of the south aspect of the
nave were placed those pictures which have gained
the prizes. The most conspicuous canvasses were
those of Ingres, Cornelius, Landseer, Leys, and
Horace Varnet. The seats immediately below
were reserved for the most distinguished guests ;
and before this raised platforms were placed, at
intervals, the statues selected for rewards. An
open space intervened • and then came the various
objects which had gained prizes, tastefully arranged
and interspersed with flowers. These, as may be
imagined, presented every variety, from machinery
and furniture to a lump of sugar or a reel of cot-
ton ; all having obtained the Great Medal of
Honour.
The throne was of crimson velvet, spotted with
the bee, surmounted by the Imperial Crown, and
decorated by a deep gold fringe. The festoons of
the throne were supported by two golden columns,
crowned by the Imperial eagle. Immediately over
the throne a group of flags of all nations was placed,
surroundinga shield, with " 1855" i nscribed thereon.
On each side of the throne were ranged rows of crim-
son seats for the ladies.
The Emperor, the Empress, and the Imperial
family arrived shortly after twelve o'clock. The
Empress looked exceedingly well.
Their Majesties were received by Prince Na-
poleon, the Imperial Commission, and the Foreign
Commissioners, and were conducted to a throne
prepared for them in the centre of the transept,
opposite the grand entrance.
The Emperor, dressed in the uniform of a Gene-
ral of Division, took his seat. On the right of his
Majesty sat Prince Jerome ; on the left, her Ma-
jesty the Empresi. Next to her Majesty sat
H.R.H. the Duke of Cambridge, and then came
the Princess Mathilde. Behind the Imperial
group were ranged the officers of the household.
Her Majesty wore a robe of criat,on velvet, veiled
with lace. A tiara of pearls graced the classical
and queen-like head of the Empress ; and strings
of pearls descended from the neck to the waist
of the elegant robe. The Princess Mathilde wore
a robe of garnet-coloured velvet, veiled with
lace, and a head-dress of pearls. H.I.H. Prince
Napoleon, and the Duke of Cambridge,
each wore General's uniform. On the right of the
throne were ranged the foreign ambassadors and '
officers of state ; and on the left, military officers,
amongst whom were many wearing the uniform of
our beloved Queen. The music having ceased,
H. I. H. Prince Napoleon advanced, approached
the throne, and read a long address, which none
but those immediately surrounding the throne
could possibly hear. Having finished his report,
the Emperor replied with the following words, in
a clear tone of voice, perfectly audible to all who
were at all near the throne :
EMPEROR'S SPEECH.
t I MESSIEURS,
"The Exhibition which is about to close offers
to the world a grand spectacle ; that is to say,
whilst a serious war is being carried on every quar-
ter of the universe has united in Paris there to
exhibit their productions, the most distinguished
men of art, science and industry. By such union,
under similar circumstances, such a result is due,
I am induced to believe, td" the general conviction
that the present war threatened only those who
provoked it, that it was pursued in the interest of
all, and that Europe, far from seeing any danger
from the future, would rather find an assurance
for independence and security. Nevertheless, in
sight of so many marvels placed before us, the first
impression is a desire for peace—peace alone, in
truth; can develope still further these remarkable
products of human intelligence. You should,
therefore, each of you, desire as I do, that this
peace should be prompt and durable ; but to be
durable, it should clearly resolve the question from
which the war emanated. In brief, Europe must
pronounce herself, for without the influence of
universal opinion, the communications (lettres) be-
tween the great Powers only threaten to be pro-
longed ; whilst, on the contrary, if Europe decide
to declare who is right and who is wrong, it will
be a great step towards a solution. In the pre-
sent state of civilisation to which we have arrived,
the success of the armies, however brilliant
they may be, are only transitory. It is de-
cidedly public opinion which always carries the
last victory. Each of us, then, who believes
that the progress of agriculture, industry, and
commerce of a nation contributes to the welfare of
every other nation, and that the more reciprocal
interchanges are multiplied, the more national pre-
judices will be effaced : inform your brother citizens
on returning to your homes, that France has no
jealousy against any people—that she has sym-
pathy for all who desire, like herself, the triumph
of right and justice. Tell them that if they wish
for peace, they must, at least, make vows for or
against us ; for in the midst of a grave European
conflict, indifference is a false calculation, and
silence an error. As for us, who are allies for the
triumph of a grand cause, let us forge arms with-
out suspending our manufactures—without para-
lysing trade--let us be as great in the arts of peace
as in the arts of war. Let us be strong in union,
and let us put our trust in God in order to triumph
over the difficulties of the day and the chances of
the future."

His Majesty was repeatedly cheered throughout
the reading of this manly and truthful discourse,
the familiar shouts of " Vivo l'Empereur!" obliging
his :Majesty on more than one occasion to pause. If
once may judge of the expression of feeling which
tine mated the mind of the mass, never did Napoleon
111.. hear a more welcome and gratifying demonstra-
tion. of heartfelt enthusiasm. The ladies appeared
to be equally excited, and the one who sat next to
me, zand whom I had not the honour of knowing,
re3qt tested ono cheer more from the group around
her. The waving of hats and handkerchief
Iseenen the surface of the tide of human beings
closAy packed throughout the vast building : it
was a living mass of enthusiasm.
The Emperor then descended to the lower step

of the throne, whilst Prince Napoleon presented
the medals to hi 3 Majesty, who,- one by =e; -de-
livered them to those who had obtained the prizes.
There was immense cheering both inside and
outido of the building.
The unique monster concert that took place in
the Palais de l'lndustrie worthily concluded the
Great Exhibition of all Nations. The executants
consisted of 1,200 performers, under the direction
in chief of M. Berlioz, with five divisional leaders.
This immense body of musicians was directed by
means of an electric metronome, constructed by a
Belgian mechanician, M. Werbrugge. The per-
formance consisted of a selection from the best
composers, and included some compositions of the
celebrated conductor. The effect of so great a
mass of instruments was exceedingly grand.
Prince Napoleon assembled last evening, in the
salons of the Palais Royal, the members of the In•
ternational Jury, and the commissioners and dele-
gates of foreign governments. The Ministers, the
Presidents of the Legislative Body and of the
Council of State, the Grand Chancellor of the Le-
gion of Honour, were present at this meeting,
which was composed of some of the most eminent
men of all nations. The Prince, addressing the
company, said—" The Emperor has charged me to
give you a proof of his satisfaction and of his high
esteem for the services which you have rendered
to the Imperial Commission during the ITniver-
sal Exhibition of 1855. No mission could have
been more agreeable to me, for no one has been
better able than myself to form a just appreciation
of them. I am happy to present to each these
insignia of the Legion of Honour." -The Commis-
sioner-General then called over the names of the
foreign commissioners and delegates, and the mem-
bers of the International Jury, who bad obtained
nominations or promotions in the Legion of Honour,
and each of them came forward in succession, and
received the insignia of their respective rank. The
names of the noblemen and gentlemen who received
the decorations will be found in the following de-
crees, published in the Meniteur of yesterday I—
" Napoleon, by the Grace of God and the National
will, Emperor of the French.
" To all to whom these presents may come greeting.
"On the report of our well-beloved cousin Prince
Napoleon, President of the Imperial Commission of the
Universal Exhibition of Agriculture, Industry, and the
Beaux-Arts, and on the proposition of our Minister of
Foreign Affairs and of our Minister of Agriculture, Com-
merce, and Public Works, in consideration of services
rendered as members of the International Jury, to
Sciences, Agriculture, Industry, and the BeauxArte,
have decreed and do decree as follow :
" Art. 1. Are promoted or named in the Imperial
Order of the Legion of Honour the members of the In-
ternational Jury, whose names follow :

FOREIGN JURY.
TO BE COMNIANDERS.
Lord Hertford : Encouragement given to the Arts.
Lord Ashburton : Services rendered to Commerce.
TO BE OFFICERS.
Sir David Brewster : Discoveries and works in optics.
Mr. Thomas Graham, Grand Master of the English
Mint : Services rendered to Science.
M. Von Dechen (Prussia), Director-General of the
Mines of the Rhine : Great services rendered to Science
and Manufactures.
Mr. Baxley, President of the Chamber of Commerce
of Manchester : Extensive Manufactures.
M. T. Hornbostel, President of the Chamber of Com•
merce of Vienna : Services rendered to Commerce and
Manufactures.
M. Diergardt, Privy Councellor of trade at Berlin :
Services rendered to Manufactures and to the working
classes.

M. Granier Lefebvre (Belgium), old decorated soldier
under the Empire : Services rendered to Commerce.
M. Wagen (Prussia) : Painting.
TO BE KNIGHTS.
M. Devaux, Inspector-General of Mines in Belgium :
Services rendered in the management of Mines,
Sir William Hooker, Director of the Roya I Gardens
at Kew: Important services rendered to Natural
Sciences.

Baron de Rie;c Stallburg, Member of the Council of
Agriculture of Bohemia: Important works and improve-
ments in Agriculture.
Mr. Wilson, Professor of Agriculture at the Univer-
sity of Edinburgh : Remarkable collection of English
Agricultural productions.
M. Hartwich (Prussia) : General Engineer of Rail-
ways.

Mr. Crampton, Engineer of the Sub-M,Arine Tele-
graph : Invention of a Locomotive of great speed.
Mr. Robert Willis, Professor of Natural Sciences at
Cambridge.
M. Daniel Schmid, Ex•Vice•President of the Cham-
ber of Commerce of Vienna : Services rendered to
Manufactures.
M. Magnus (Prussia) : Remarkable Chemical Workr.
Mr. Wheatstone, Professor of Natural Philosophy at
King's College : Application of the Electric Telegraph.
M. Stas, Member of the Royal Academy of Belgium :
remarkable Chemical Works.
M. D'Oliveira Pimentel, Professor of 'Chemistry at
the Polytechnic School of Lisbon : Scientific, Works.
M. Seybel, Member of the Chamber of Commerce of
Vienna : Services rendered to Science.
M. Verdeil (Switzerland) : Improvements in the Pro.
cesses for preserving fresh Vegetables.
M. Robert Florent, manufacturer, at Sellowitz, in
Moravia : Services rendered to the French in Austria.
M. De Rossins Orban, Vice-PreAdent of the Cham-
ber of Commerce of Liege : Services rendered to the
Jury.

M. Georges Hossauer (Prussia), goldsmith to hie
Majesty at Berlin : Interesting Works 1 n Plating and
Gilding by Galvanism.
Mr. Hoffman, Professor in London : 'Chemical Ope•
rations applied to Glass.
M. Fortamps, cotton-spinner at Brussels: Services
rendered to the Jury.
Mr. Walter Groin, manufacturer at Glasgow : Per,
fection of his printing on cloth.
M. Laouremr, cloth manufacturer at Verviers (Be!.
gium) : Services rendered to Manufactures.
M. Offermann, cloth manufacturer at Brnnn (Mora-
via) : Services rendered to the Cloth trade.
Mr. Gibson : Services rendered to Ma.nufactures and
Commerce.

M. Gustave Mevissen, President of the Rhenish Rail-
way Company at Cologne : Services rend.ered to Manu-
factures and to the Jury.
M. Seemann, linen manufacturer at Studtgart : Ser-
vices rendered to Manufactures.
Mr. Digby Wyatt, architect ; Services rendered to
Manufactures and to the Arts ; Establishment of
Schools for Industrial Drawing.
M. Durst (Switzerland), important manufacture of
straw and felt : Services rendered to Manufactures.
M. Louis Forster, professor at the Academy of the
Beaux-Arts at Vienna : Services rendered to Manufao.
t urea.

Mr. Thomas Delarue (England): For the importance
of his Manufacture of Paper and his numerous inven.
tions.

U. Joseph Hellmesberger, director of the Conserva-
toire Imperial at Vienna,: Services rendered to the
Jury,

Mr. Twining, for the initiative taken by him for the
exhibition of articles of domestic economy ; Ser►icea
rendered to the Working Classes.
Lord Elcho (England) : Painting.
FOREIGN COMMISSIONERS,
OFFICERS.
MM. De Burg (Austria)—Colonel Barman (Switzer•
land)—H. Cole (England), Major Owen (Engleari)—Pee. catore (Holland)—Rainbeaux (Belgium)—De Irievaha
(Pi ussia).

KNIGHTS.
MM. Brandatrom (Sweden)—Bleymuller (Grand
Duchy of Hesse)—Caranza (Turkey)—Corridi (Tuscany)
—Dielietz (Prussia)—Dietz (Baden)—Fowke (England)
—Ferrero (Sardinia)—G effaen (Ranse Towns)—De Hock
(Austria).— Lade (Grand Duchy of Nassau)—Marshall
Wood (America)—Elias Mussah (Turkey)-11 edgrave
(England)—Schwartz (Austria)—De Stein (Pr ussia)—
Suermondt (Holland)—Schubarth (Bavaria)—Stiliotakie
(Greece)—Tidemant (Norway) —Valentine (Am erica)—
Worms de Romilly (Belgium)—Wattemare (Am erica)—
Woldemar-Seyffarth (Saxony).
FRENCH. JURY.

00MMANDER.
M. Michel Chevalier, Councillor of State—izoportant
works on industry and commerce.
OFFICERS.
M. Schlumberger—valuable services rendered in the
manufacture of cotton goods.
M. Mathieu, member of the Academy of Sci enees—
remarkable works in astronomy.
M. Persoz, professor at the Conservatoire des Arts et
Metiers—important discoveries in natural phi/iosophy
and in chemistry applied to manufactures.
M. Goldenburg, steel tool tnan Want urer—ln 'ortant
improvements made in that manufacture and services
rendered to.the working classes.
M. Ilittorff—Services rendered to the arts and wane.
factures.

M. Natalis Rondot—Services rendered to industry
and commerce.

KNIGHTS.

M. Adolphe Focillon, Professor of Natural History
at the L.) cee Louis-le-Grand, &c.—Services rendered to
science.

M. Louis Vilmorin, Member cf the Imperial Agri•
cultural Society—Very important services rendered to
agriculture.
M. Barra), Professor of Chemistry—Numerous ecien•
tific services.

tlye,meaxitkesubsiieve
aaggrricicuthluturariist
to the I tion givenlmperial Commission.
co-opera
M. Alfred D_ail
operations
Ili M. Alcan, Professor at the Conservatoire des Arts et
Metiers—Remarkable works 013 spinning and weaving
Stine
machines.
M. Brunner, Adjoint du Bureau des Longitudes--
For the Construction of his astronomical and
other in-
struments.
m.
sophy and Vertacc,,uheim—stißes.
emarkable works of natural. philo'
M. Henri Bouley, Professor at the Veterinary School
at Alfort—Works on the veterinary science.
M. Estivaut, Manufacturer in Metals at Civet (Ar•
dennes)—lmprovement in alloyed metals.
M. D6vt-ria, Conservateur of Prints at the Imperial
Library—Services rendered to the Arts.
M. Ernest Seilleres—improvetnents in spinning and
weaving cotton—services rendered to the working-
classes.

M. de Brunet—Services rendered to manufactures.
M, Adolphe Girodoe, Member of the Chamber a