The Sun.
London, England, 1855-01-01 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY 1, 1855.

A British army was despatched to Scutari, and a
British fleet to the Baltic. The latter captured

ani destroyed Bomarsund in conjunction with
the Allies, and made the Russian fleet keep close
under the walls of Sweaborg or Cronstadt. It
clid not fulfil the expectations of the nation. But
that we firmly believe to have been the fault of
the Home authorities, and not of the gallant Ad-
miral in command. The land expedition lay for
some time inactive, while disease and privation
more than decimated their ranks. They saw
their Allies engaged in a life-and-death
struggle, but no effort was made to
relieve .or assist them. It was not until August
that a movement in advance was attempted, al-
though the intention was suffered to leak out, so
as to put the CZAR on his guard, and enable his
servants to prepare a warm reception. Tran-
sports were then assembled, and in the beginning
of September the army sailed for the Crimea, where
they were landed at Old Fort on the 14th ef Septem-
ber, without loss, or even a show of resistance. On
the 20th the glorious battle of the Alma followed,
and soon after the celebrated flank movement on
Balaklava, the propriety whereof is at present
more canvassed than on its first announcement.
Since then there has been the attempted surprise
at Balaklava, rendered memorable by the un-
fortunate misapprehension which led to the
self-devoted sacrifice of so many of our brave
cavalry soldiers ; and the battle of Inkerman,
where a greater number of the assailants were
placed hors de combat than the entire number of
the defenders of the position.
We have also had a winter Parliament, -remark-
able only for the establishment of an unconstitu-
tional force, and the impression occasioned by the
Ministerial proposition that Englishmen were un-
able to defend themselves without the venal aid
of mercenaries.

We must zow look forward confidently and
hopefully. We trust the New Year will bring more
resolute councils, and that the British Government
may, even at the eleventh hour, show themselves
worthy of the position in which they ars placed,
and fulfil the expectations and wishes of the people
whose destinies are placed in their hands.

Let Sebastopol be taken, and Austria will Dave
serious grounds enough to dread the vengeance of
Russia. NICHOLAS can no more forgive his im-
perial serf than he can a patriotic Pole. Her con
tribution to British losses at the victory of Inker-
man will not mitigate his wrath in the least.
Austria dared, by mistake, to congratulate the
Allies, and has since dared to set 03IEIt PACHA at
liberty for the Crimea, and to sign " a treaty
which, defensive to-day, may become offensive to-
morrow." She has sinned beyond the hope of
pardon. This position of hers is the only ground
on which we can hope that she may do from ne-
cessity at last what she ought to have done from
a sense of honour and right long ago. It is,
however, time that she bestir herself. Whenever
the Crimea becomes a hopeless battle-field for
Russia, she will bring the greater part of her
power to bear on Austria. The young murderer
of the Hungarian officers for whose life even a
PASKIEWITCH intereetied, the young tyrant who
has suppressed the national institutions of Hun-
gary, will then have that yet powerful country
more favourable to the Russians than to him.
Prussia will never help him, and the Poles, unless
gained in time, will be his bitter enemies. Aus-
tria has wronged them only less than Russia, and
they will gladly seize any opportunity to plunge
their bayonets into either oppressor.
NICHOLAS has, moreover, one advantage over
the boy-king. His people and the Poles are of
one race—they are all Selavonians; and deeply as
they feel the wrong: inflicted on them by their
fellow Sclavonians of Russia, they are yet more
incensed perhaps with the Austrian and Ger-
man contempt for their race. Austria was
indebted to her Sclavonian population • for
passing through the revolution of 1848-9
without dismemberment ; they expected as
a reward a Sclavonian policy, but they have
been recompensed with a steady effort to convert
them into Germans. This, being the majority of
the population of Austria, they naturally resent.
NICHOLAS has therefore but to offer some conces-
sions to the Poles, and to take the lead in a cru-
sade for vengeance on the contemners of the Scla-
vonian race, and the Poles would follow him.
Why should they not? If Austria be not willing
to restore them to nationality as the best safe-
guard against Russia, nor the Allies as their only
reasonable material guarantee for a lasting peace,
why should they not take up with the next best
thing, and compel one despiser of the Sclavonian
race to feel its terrible power when aroused and
united to avenge, where it can, a long series of
insults. If Austria is to be secure against the
possible vengeance of Russia next summer, and
against the despairing co-operation of Poland to
inflict it—if, too, the Allies mean to have Poland
with them and not against them, and to secure
the aid of Sweden, who waits on this one condi-
tion then the declaration of Polish nationality
as the fifth and the greatest point must not longer
be deferred. Count VALERIAN KRAsursicr, wino,
at least, may be presumed to know the minds of
his countrymen, assures us that from such consi-
derations as these alone the question is an urgent

one.

It has been frequently asked by a leading jour-
nal, and with an air of perfect knowledge--Howare wo to got at Poland ? Whether oar ships are
to sail on dry land and disembark their troops at
Warsaw? It is interesting, in reading the care-
fully-reasoned pamphlet alluded to, to see the
difference between pretentious and scoffing decla-
mation and real knowledge. Wo give in
another column an extract from the Count's
pamphlet, which will be interesting information to
nearly every one of our readers, and which will
show that the writer fully understands the prac-
tical as well as the political part of his subject.
He marks the very part of the Baltic from which
Poland may be invaded with success, with the
certain co-operation of the inhabitants of the dis-
trict, and with equal certainty of cutting the
Russian line of communications, while the base of
our operations would be a sea coast comparatively
near to the ports both of England and France.
In fact, the more the question is discussed and
studied, the more must every thinking man be
convinced that it is pre-eminently the great prac-
tical one of the hour. It may suit the purpose
of venal writers, sold to Austria and Russia in
1848, to pooh pooh it as the vagary of refugees ;
eimigra.nte ;
it may suit an aristocratic Cabinet to forget, if
they can, an aristocracy as noble as themselves,
though pining out their days in Siberia, or as
tint not to disqualify her for
despot's hope—to leave her clot':
it may suit a Ministry which would
tint
fir its credit's sake perhaps to beat Russia,
of Germany ; but if Our positronoilt hs b
borders
of
t hwei forcea to
ot on
pufaotrrhecoernd
their own interest, they I\p,iellopfolerceboenceonuier alive Gover-
nment a reconstituted Poland, even as they
aotonn
,taosnat
oer:i
rgtalhi righteous o
wu terminationw, a r.
oTheyf
the needless effusion of English
blood, and to take the only effectual guar:a-Ace
for European peace.

DESPATCHES FROM THE
PACIFIC.

We have been favoured by the Admiralty with the
following :

(No. 19.)

President, at San Francisco, Nov. 15.

SIR,—As a sequence to Captain Sir Frederick Nicol-
son's letter of the 19th September last, addressed to me,
the duplicate of which was forwarded hence on the 16th
ult. ; I beg to transmit lists of the names of the seamen
and marines belonging to her Majesty's ships who were
killed at Petropaulovski, or who have since died of their
wounds. I am, &c.,

(Signed)

CHARLES FREDERICK,
Commodore.

Ralph Osborne, Esq., M.P.

President, San Francisco, 14th Nov., 1854.
Return of Officers, Seamen, and Marines, belonging to
her Majesty's ship President, who were killed or have
died since from wounds received in the attack on
Petropaulovski

OFFICER.

Captain Charles A. Parker, Royal Marines.

SEAMEN.
James Ariell, able seaman.
James Callaghan, „
David Stedman, „
John Leask, ordinary.
Richard Twinll, „
George Durrant, „
MARINES.
Private Richard Turrall.
„ John Saines.
„ Francis Russell.
„ George Henderson.
„ Robert Woodards.
(Signed) RICHARD BURRIDGE,
Captain.

List of Men lately belonging to her Majesty's ship
Pique, who were killed, and who have since died of
wounds received in the operations against the Batteries
and Town of Petropaulovski, Kamtschatka, on the
4th of September, 1854.
Joseph Batt, master-at-arms.
Wm. H. Garland, second class ordinary.
Daniel Davey, A. 8., died on board from wounds on
13th September.
James Alfred, captain foretop.
Charles Browne, alias C. Brown M‘Dermot, leading
seaman, died on beard from wounds on 15th Oct.
Noah Yates, sailamkers crew, died on board from
wounds on 7th Sept.
Thomas Morrison (1), ordinary.
Joseph Hatch, A.B.
James Thirlwell, A.B.
Joseph Down, ordinary.
James Marks, boy, first class.
Lanman Race, serjeant.
John Carter, serjeant.
Joseph Jackson, private R.M.
Henry Jefferies, private R.M., died on board from
wounds on 6th Sept.
Thomas Heweson, private R.M.
Williom Carne, private R.M., died on board from
wounds on 15th October.

List of persons belonging to her Majesty's ship Virago
killed during operations, and since died from their
wounds. '
Killed at Petropaulovski, 4th Sept., 1854
George Tee, stoker.
Henry Fowler, gunner, R.M.A., 3d Class.
Thomas Martyn, private, R.M., 3d Class.
Died of Wounds—
George Julier, gunner, R.M.A., 3d class, 14th Sept.
Samuel Sergeant, stoker, 14th Oct.

LATEST NEWS.

THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL.

We have received by way of Vienna the follow-
ing despatch from a correspondent at Constan-
tinople, dated December 21 :

" On the 16th the Russians made a sortie by
night, but were repulsed by the French, after a

severe struggle.
" The Rifles also repulsed a Russian sortie.

" Our mortars and batteries are ready to open,
but the heavy rains impede tho progress of the

siege, and cause great sickness.
" General ' Adams died of his wounds on

the 19th.

" Since the 16th of November 24,000 Eng-
lish, French, and Turks had arrived in the

Crimea in the British vessels.

" The Turks at Eupatoria have been much

strengthened from Varna."
Our Vienna correspondent adds :

" The following telegraphic news is in several
of our papers this (Saturday) morning, but does
not deserve implicit confidence :
" ODESSA, DEC. 25.
" A courier has just brought intelligence that
General Liprandi's corps, powerfully reinforced, is
attacking Balaklava.' "

THE NEGOTIATIONS AT VIENNA.
We have also received the following despatch

from a correspoudent at Vienna :
" VIENNA, SUNDAY EVENING.

"At the request of Prince Gortschakoff, who

declared that his powers were not sufficient to
enable him to accept the four conditions as inter-
preted by the Allies, the representatives of the
other Powers have consented to wait 14 days
from the end of December for the definitive reply
of Russia."

VIENNA, DEC. 30.

The Russian troops in Bessarabia are estimated

at 150,000 men.

There is nothing of importance from Sebastop6

up to the 23d.

RUSSIA.
WARSAW, DEC. 23.

The first Corps d'Armee, commanded by General
Sievers, is completely assembled. Its staff is in the
centre of the position on the right bank of the

Vistula, that is at Radom, fourteen German miles
from this place. General Rudiger is commander-in-
chief of the first and third corps, and of the corps
of Grenadiers. He at the same time acts as Go-

vernor-General. Prince Gortschakoff is Genera'

in-Chief of three corps in the south. Field-
Marshal Paskiewitch is generalissimo of all the

six corps, and is still at Warsaw.
ST. PETERSBURG, DEC. 25.

New measures have been taken by the Russian

Government to augment the revenue. The oz•

cise duties on tobacco have been raised.

The following is given as an extract of a letter
addressed by the Emperor of Russia to Prince
Menschikoff, after receiving the report of the bat-
tle of Inkerman :

" Most inward thanks to my brave army in my name
for their immutable fidelity. Tell them that the eye of
their Sovereign, and of all Russia, looks upon them with
admiration. They are the pillars and I...et:moat cham•
pions of right. Russia's honour will, through them,
core forth untarnished from this war."

THE PACIFIC.
SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 24.

The Echo du racifique has the following in re-
lation to the Allied fleet, which sailed on Satur-
day and yesterday :
" The Eurydice, having on board the Russian
prisoners, sailed for the Sandwich Islands.. The
Government has ordered the prisoners to be kept
there until further instructions regarding them
shall be received. The Forte and President will
proceed to Mazatlan, from whence, after a stay of
a few days, they will sail for Valparaiso, where they
will await orders to return to Europe, or any other
destination which may be assigned them. The
Amphitrite leaves for Honolulu, and from whence,
after a short stay, she will sail for Tahiti. It is
probable that the squadron will again assemble in
our harbour in a few months, and, in conjunction
with the Alceste and Adventure, again go north-
ward, although their movements will be controlled
altogether by the current of affairs in Europe."
The papers of this morning notice the departure
of the Pique also—destination Honolulu.

SPAIN.

MADRID, DEC. 27.

The Cortes have rejected the proposition of
Sanchez Silva for suppressing the 03troi. There
were 116 for, and 128 against the motion.

THE FRENCH NATIONAL
LOAN.
The Moniteur publishes' the following report
from M. Baroche

" PARIS, Dsc. 31, 1854.

"Sire,--The Senate and Legislativ'e Corps associating
themselves with onpressement to the idea of your Ma-
jesty, have adopted the bill authorising a new loan of
500,000, 000 f.
"That loan, destined to provide for the expenses of
a war so gloriously undertaken in the interests of civi-
lisation, and to maintain France in the rank which is
her due in Europe, ought naturally to be a national loan.
"Thus your Majesty wished that, like the loan of '
259,000,000 E, it should by realised by the means of a
public subscription.
" The experiment tried in March last succeeded too
well to render it necessary to think of having recourse
to other means.
" Public subscription, which excludes no one—which
appeals to the patriotism of all—which welcomes great
capitalists as it admits modest subscribers—which, in
making the whole public participate in the benefits of
the loan, seems to diminish by that very fact the
sacrifice the State may impose upon itself, needs no
further explanation or comment. The happy issue it
has bad for the State, as well as for the subscribers,
guarantees the success it will have again.
" The country will reply by a new proof of confidence
to the new appeal of your Majesty.
" With the first loan the Four-and-a-Half and Three
per Cents. shared the subscriptions between them in un-
equal proportions certainly, but which showed that
both these values responded to the different classes of
subscribers.

" I have, therefore, the honour to propose to your
Majesty ito offer, at the same time, to the choice of
takers in the new subscription, 41 as well as 3 per Cents.
" If your Majesty agrees to this proposition, the fol-
lowing might be the conditions of the loan :
"One of the principal advantages which can be
offered to subscribers results from the combination of
the terms granted for the payment of the subscriptions,
with the date the arrears of the rentes issued shall be
paid to them.
"The payments of the capital subscribed are to be
made as follows :—One-tenth on subscribing, and the
remainder from month to month in 18 equal payments,
so that the last payment would not take place till
1856.
"The arrears, however, of the rentes delivered shall
be paid to the subscribers for the Four-and-a-Half per
Cents, after the 22d of Sept., 1854 ; For the Three per
Cents. after the 22d Dec. of the same year ; that is to
say, that, counting from those epochs, they will touch
the full amount of the interest of their capital, although
they will only have paid up a portion.
" The benefit of the terms is equivalent to the sub

sbscribers of the Four-and-a• Half per Cents, to a di-
minution of 2f. 93c. on the rate of issue (taux &emis-
sion) of the rente, and to the subscribers of the Three
per Cents. to a reduction of 21. Bc.
"As regards those who, in the limits of faculty of
discount which will be granted, pay up beforehand the
full subscription, a discount of 4 per cent, will be given
them, instead of the benefit accruing from the prolonga-
tion of the terms of payment.
"I must now call the attention of your Majesty to the
fixing of the rate of issue of the Rentes. This ought to be
done in such a manner as to conciliate the interests of the
State who borrows with the legitimate chance to be as-
sured to the subscribers.

"The last quotation of the Four-and-a-Half per Cent.
Rentes at the Bourse of yesterday was 92f. 50e. I pro-
pose to your Majesty to decide that the Four-and-a-
Half per Cents. Dente shall be issued at 92f.
"The last su ota tio ns of the Three per Cents. was 66f.
60c. I propose to fix the rate of issue of the Three per
Cents. at 65f. 25c. Thus the subscribers will receive
the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. at 50c. less, and the
Three per Cents. at lf. 35c. less than if they had pur-
chased at the Bourse yesterday.
" Aryl if to these advantages to be addedithe reduction
of the price which results from the periods (to mcs) granted
for the payments, and which amounts, as I have already
stated, to 2f. 93c. for the Four-and-a-Half per Cents.,
and 2f. Bc. fur the Three per Cents., it will be seen that
the subscribers of the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. will
obtain on yesterday's quotations a net benefit of 3f. 43c.,
and those of the Three per Cents, an equal benefit of 3f.
430.

"Your Majesty will not regret these advantages ac-
corded to the loan as they will profit all subscribers, and,
by assuring the success of the operation, they will con-
tribute to consolidate and develope the credit of toe
State,

"At the time of the loan of 250,000,000 f. it was de-
cided that in case the capital subscribed should exeeed
the sum demanded the subscriptions which did net ex-
ceed 50f. should be exempt from reduction. I propose
to your Majesty the adoption of an analogous measure,
but to encourage as much as possible small subscriptions
I think it advisable to admit that in case of reduction,
those that shall not exceed 500 f. of relate shall not be
submitted to a proportionate reduction.
" Your Majesty being desirous that the greatest pos-
sible number should share in the benefits of the loan, I
have the honour to propose the maintenance of the rule
previously established, deciding that 10 francs sub-
scription be admitted, without, however, allowing them
to go below that figure.
"The Emperor will kindly observe, that happy in
profiting by the experience acquired in a first operation
ably conceived and prudently directed, I have endea-
voured, as much as possible, to adhere to the dispositions
decreed in the month of March last.
_ _

"I feel confident that they will this time have the
same success as in the first instance.

"In the month cf March we were at the commence-
ment of a war, commanded by the interests and honour
of France. The nation responded with enthusiasm to
the appeal of your Majesty.
"To-day it is a question to continue that war with a
vigour which, alone, can bring it to an end. We have
to follow up the first and brilliant successes which have
added lustre to our arms, and cemented by common vic-
tories the alliance of France and England.
"France will not leave her work incomplete.
"I am, with the most profound respect, Sire, your
Majesty's most humble and very obedient servant and
subject,

"J. BAROCHE,
"President of the Council of State, and charged
with the Ministry of Finance ad interim."
The Moniteur promulgates an Imperial order,
approving of the above report, and the following
Imperial decree :
" In conformity with the law of 31st December, 1854,
we have decreed and decree as follows :

"Art. 1. Our Minister Secretary of State of Finance
is authorised to proceed by public subscriptions to the
alienation of the sum of Reutes Four-and•a-Half and
Three per Cents. necessary to produce a capital of
500,000,000 f.

" Art. 2. The Rente Four•and-a-Half per Cent. will
be issued at the rate of 92f., with enjoyment from the
22d of September, 1854.
" The Rente Three per Cent. will be issued at the rate
of 65f. 25c., with enjoyment from the 22d of December,
1854.

" Art. 3. Conformably to the dispositions of the
third paragraph of the first article of the bill of the 31st
December, 1854, the dotation of the sinking fund will
be augmented, slating from the Ist of January, 1856,
by a sum equal to the nominal capital of the rentes
which shall be issued in virtue of Art. 1. of the present
decree.

" Art. 4. Our Minister Secretary of State of Finance
is charged with the execution of the present decree.
" Done at the Palace of the Tuileries the 31st Decem-
ber, 1854. " NAPOLEON.
"(Countersigned) J. BAROCHE."

Another decree ordains that the subscription
lists shall be opened from the 3d to the 14th Jan.
inclusively, comprising Sunday, the 7th.

THE WAR IN ASIA.

Letters from Trebizond, of the 12th, bring ac-
counts of an attack made by a body of Russians
and Mingrelians on Redoubt-Kale, in Abasia. They
were, however, vigorously rejuised by the Turkish
garrison, and had to retreat with consideLabl. los..
Some prisoners were made, and will be sent here.