The Sun.
London, England, 1855-01-23 00:00:00

THE LINE,

The following
has just been issued :
"hieaoranduna of Instructions for Officers sent to the,
yolunßea-Quarters of Reg r-nts of Militia to receive
teers for the Lin°'
F`l. The officer will b 3 allowed the usual travelling ex-
lonialeve'dfrs7 ahi-dsar"filn
tient on
be preferred oethe prescribed form, and he will also be
ant and returning thereto, the claim
this 43' or t f 3 period 9 IS
!barges i n 4b. lity. • lhese allowances will be sp ' ecific
e . • h • 'away from his rep-
lenB. '"e Pay-list of the regiment to which he be-
-4:0„,. li, e is to take with him a supply of attestations, and,
4,u ne rot be able to obtain a sufficient number at his
2:,?3aitnent elsewhere, he will apply to the Secretary at
". r, specifying the number he requires.
4.,13. Fie is to issue to the volunteers their line pay at is.
,47 from the date of attestation with beer money, and,
.."ell finally accepted each volunt'eer is entitled to V. out
the man bounty of 71. allowed, but this 1/. is to be issued to
nis being sent to his regiment, iment, unless specifically
0, ,'!aaa with discretion 25.'6(1. at first, and the remainder
earlier,
.Trequired
tents he volunteers are to he sent to their respective regii_-
..._ •
tieti3O...UM 0 r routes, escorted by a steady sergeant of are...,
13,
arranges tth line in the garrison, or of the militia, as ir. y
In a , WllO will be entitled to 2s. 6d. conducting
is °,,, fir each volunteer, to be paid to him when the man
?,iivere Over to his regiment.
4k. Thetotite ecessary funds to meet the expenses on the
~, are to be advanced by
Ilrii°l4_,Tlt band iu all practicable cases the men are to be for-
the officer to the conducting
:4 ato their destination.
tile The Meer is to forward to the regiment to which
6121160
eare sent a clear and specific statement of the sums bia.(t or advanced by him, showing the detail for_ each
(iv!, kna as all charges for these volunteers, from the
„„„uur attestation for the lino, are to bo made in the acf-
the ci 4 (:)f the iiaymaster of the regiment, or paymaster of
kie,
PaymasterePot of the regiment to which they have volunteered,
of
644'
,_a is to reimburse to the officer the
4 t rpr ra, nee.
thethe Z !wide required temporarily by the officer to
fmeett
"'Teral disbursements are to be obtained by him roil
Wi4o-I),kiter of hi own. regiment by draught or other-
'44lll4, t, no chargesis to beet ade in such aymaster's ne-
ttle oi4ee2 nioney
to
expenditure by
being only an advance P.
be repaid by
the rs„,':when he shall be reimbursed his
,o,ll,late:arTaarn:essenftrobymhtihroo. respective regiments to which
Nitile allowance of 10s. to the militia sergeants
_ofmtahne
46 ete from which the men volunteer, for each
teen; 4PProve, is to be remitted by the paymaster of the
colar4t receiving the volunteers, direct to the officer
14411(ling the regiment of militia.

" B. FIANVES."

I-AreItAASP OF BILLEL' MONEY.

WAR-OFFICE, Jan. 13.
,141:ZI am directed to acquaint you that her Majesty's
'O4l rient have decided Upon augmenting the allowance
biliete""deePers and others in England and Wales form_
tene
toloatlltnerillaeTtid.;
718 t clause 4" them, from id. a-day, the rate fixed by h
Thicof the Mutiny Act, to 14d. a-day.
a foreee . in— thel am same, eir,
c. To I'd
foit
er
ner sat et
sne
et
r. aviaanYnn
tkbe ee
per accounted's al lo w
B. HAWES.
t'l
Field Regiments and Depots, Inspect-
's' vnacers, S.:O &c., &c., in England.

RE
PPARDS FOR DISTINGUISHED
SZRVIC ES.
ii
1,
cop-
FOR THE INFORMATION OF REGIMENTS AND
il.
DEPOTS, (U.
elte4dOler Majesty having been graciously.pleasedotseo
Of
,r previous royal warrants for the special purp
trace4let4ing rewards for distino-uished and meritorious
44d gallant conduct in. the field, I am directed to
hillecitlt herewith a copy of a warrant which ha.stbFen.
1/16dite7r that Purpose, and to request that you wilcoimm.
telt,i. Yl:flake it known to the regiment under your
totori?it,iliZvgiflaattnatitvrotiboemselectemdafyor the annuity of 201. is to
consider to be most de-
Ikea of such reward, you
which, when granted, istat
46;vint, eat hie own disposal, though ho may be s ill
, x
tlitid 4° f 5 her directed to observe that, in selecting in-
lebriotetst:z.:l4:°l4%filltatitut gratuities to be awarded for distinguished
educt in the field, you are not to bet
t rlzei, oe
election by any consideration as to g
ZI:kllilly hilly Oneral good conduct of the individual (and
k_ f,44,„ violate operations), being alone the qualitica-
11°, Sir, yo'Ltisolura to this reward.—l have the honour to
''''' bedient servant,

t To 0
fa,
" B. Haws.
Veieldc,3„l hIL la a '
barnanadinogrßdeg{imglenn, &c., under
ar
Ci

r°17.21.1413.4.1VD MUNITIONS.

f:1 7e
La.
/0

.
nt eottlulell favoured by the Admiralty with the
f 7116 %lin,.
.foal It -" te ADMIRALTY,
munitions e
e r „a eiti
en
nl le
ra la 11:11:;10044:31;4117S:: that considerable graphic
oudnnesadisr:Leahrtyaacybohenl esh jt7acA-s—k9Nnbe. consignments
e2gnp2n lmarlceeBenc
asetf:s; received
lettell'
atiiretBA °I
the
ledlit ofrawnean to those of Odeusas rand
the kite. —WI eddrrioirnel'esitaitiers 1
illtiggliasuh aunffdeuFtrueanlchbisoqukaddreonufs
ItPilet IttietiPanii4,43Bjan Port's in the Black Sea, amndtthoenioattiufyf
aoluttlarp ik,...--reerneut of this blockade
tr:-:etit"fe'r•c"'oe
b•eiuSteps have betehnattadkaetne,taoftrapotriouvuiedde for an
it thikailleiPal portsg'whriicoll att.% to be blockaded, shed
"to true authority for the purpose in the names of the
-, overUluents."

son.

Mr. R. HART, one of the deputation, after expressing
the great satisfaction he felt at once more seeing the
gallant General among them, asked permission to call
his attention to the present condition of our army in the
East. He was not desirous of drawing forth any ex-
pression of opinion which Sir De Lacy Evans, as an offi-
cer, might feel desirous of withholding, but the fact
could not ba disguised that, notwithstanding the great
generosity of the people of these kingdoms, the army at
present in the Crimea was in a most wretched condition.
Be need only refer to accounts which daily appeared in
the public papers. Much anxiety existed in the public
mind on this subject, and he trusted ho was not out of
order in alluding to it in the presence of a gallant officer
who would, no doubt, at the proper time, take care that
the truth was elucidated.
Sir DE LACY EVANS observed that he bad of late read
many statements on the condition of the troops. It was
not his province on that occasion to enter into this ques-
tion, but he had no objection to say one thing, and that
was that when he left head-quarters the army was not in
the condition described in some reports. More he could
not say. He would again remind them that at the com-
mencement of a war many mistakes generally took place,
and after 40 years' peace such mistakes ought not to oc-
casion much surprise. He would take this opportunity
of saying that he fully appreciated the kind sympathy
now so generously evinced by all classes for the army ;
and be bad no doubt the conduct pursued by the people
would be the forerunner of great results.
The deputation then retired.
Sir De Lacy, though much improved since his urrhal
at the Pavilion, is still in ♦ery imperfect health.
The sword presented to Sir De Lacy bears the follow-
ing inscription :
_ _

"Presented to Lieutenant-General Sir De Lacy Evans,
K.C.8., M.P., by the inhabitants of the united borough
of Hythe, Folkestone, Sandgate, and adjacent parishes,
in commemoration of the courage, devotion, and genero-
sity exhibited by him in the memorable action of the
Alma, the heights of the Tchernaya, and Inkerman."

Colonel James Robertson Craufurd, of the Grenadier
Guards, is appointed to succeed the late General Du
Plat as Military Commissioner for Great Britain to the
head-quarters of the Austrian army, and will have the
brevet rank of Major-General while so employed.
TFIE MERCANTILE MARINE ACT.—Mr. John Coar,
late mate of the South Esk, having been convicted before
the magistrates at Liverpool, and sentenced to imprison-
ment for desertion, the Board of Trade have cancelled
his certificate.—Shipping Gazette.
DAVITS 'r. PRATT.—The Arbitrator in this case, Mr.
Whately, Q.C., sat again yesterday. Sergeant 'Wilkins
commenced a violent address on behalf of the defendant,
and had not concluded it when the proceedings were
adjourned.
THE CHARGE AGAINST LIVERPOOL 'BROKE/W.—LIVER-
POOL, Jan. 22.—At the police court, before Mr. Mans-
field and Mr. J. C. Ewart, Messrs. Forth and Archer,
brokers, were charged with pledging 10 barrels of tar,
belonging to Messrs. Laurie, Clark, and Co., to Messrs.
Firth and Sons, bankers, Northwich. After a brief in-
quiry it was elicited that a misapprehension had arisen
out of a mistake made by Mr. Joseph. James Dodd, clerk
to Messrs. Watson and M‘Donalrl, who ha-1 unwittingly
led Mr. Firth to believe his firm had ten barrels of tar
morn in the warehouse of witness's employers than was
actually the case. On this fact baying been evolved in
the course of the evidence, the case was immediately
dismissed.

DovER, Jan. 22.—The Belgian Government Commir-
sion appointed to inspect and report on the English rail-
way system, consisting of the following gentlemen :
Baron de Mau, Le General Nerenberger, Membro du
Conseil des Chemins de Fer ; Le General Delaunay, H.
Spitaels, S6nat,:ur ; F. de Brouwer de Hogendorl),
Meruhre de la Charnbre des Representants ; M. masni,
and M. Belpaire, arrived at Hake's Lord Warden
Hotel from Calais yesterday, and left this morning by
the South-Eastern Railway for Ashford. They were ac-
companied by Mr. Cook, secretary to the General
Manager of the South-Eastern, who would conduct
the mover the company's establishments at that place,

The first public recognition of this gallant officer's I A Ilionth in, the Camp before Sebastopol. By a
services since his return to England from the Crimea Non-Combatant. Longman.
took place yesterday at Folkestone, when a congratu- j This highly-interesting work is the narrative of
lett:l.y address, accompanied by a sword valued at 150 the adventures of a traveller, who, being desirous
guineas, was presented to him by a deputation from the to inform himself of the real state of things at the
inhabitants of the united Parliamentary boroughs of seat of war, and having a month of leisure, be-
Hythe, Folkestone, and Sandgate. The presentation took himself to the environs of Sebastopol, where
took
the Pa plviacelion Hotel at one o'cl'The deputation was heock, in one of the largaded by Mr.e saloons ohe acquired all the, information he so pleasantly.
. f
gives us. The work of a spectator of these stir-
m Brockman, M.P. for the district, and included about 60
gentleen, among whom were the Mayor of Hythe, the
ring scenes,
and the description of camp life by
Mayor of Folkestone, Colonel Sandilands, Mr. Lacon one who has really tried it, will at once excite the,
controller of Customs at Folkestone, the churchwardens reader's attention. It is written in a lively and
of the several parishes, and the aldermen and councillors graphic style, in the form of letters to a friend,
of Hythe and Folkestone, &c. The deputation, having who appears to have somewhat ridiculed the au-
been introduced, were received with marked courtesy by thor's adventurous expedition. The following is a
the gallant General. description of a Sunday church service in the open
Mr. BROCKMAN, addressing Sir De Lacy Evans, said, air
—I have been requested, in the name of the inhabitants We-were scarcely placed in position, before the loud
of the united district of Hythe, Folkestone, and Sand- rush of round-shot from the fort was hear], again and
gate, to present a congratulatory address to you upon again, in our cars, causing sundry dislocations of the
your return to your native country, after a career in a square—the men grinning and swaying about at each
foreign land which, although brief, has been brilliant and
whirr in a kind ofjocular disorder. Nothing was left for patriotic. We have been anxious not to lose a moment it but to move off. So we took up our ground a few
in doing honour to a gallant and distinguished officer, hundred yards lower down ; and here—though a fleecy
and we confess ourselves gratified to find that the "Men little cloudlet, which announced its birth in a thunder-
of Kent' are first in the field, as they certainly yield to I clap, showed that a shell bad burst above not very
noae
ein their admiration of your bravery and patriotism. far
off to our rear—the service was conducted to a close.
I haVe for years been your intimate friend, end it is a Everybody, of course, stands upon these occasions
subject of high gratification to me that, in every cons- throughout the coremory. To obviate fatigue, there-
pany of Englishmen, your name is received with expres. fore, the Litany and Communion are omitted. The sions of honour and exultation. We venture to ask you chaplain preached extemporaneously, and with so ex-
to honour us by accepting this sword, in testimony of I cellent a voice, that, though the wind was blowing his
our admiration of the manner in which you have used surplice about, it did not drown his tones. I was amused
its kindred weapons for more than half a century. After by his British sang field. Half his congregation might
apologising for his want of eloquence in performing the p p
erish round the walls cf Sebastopol before next church-
task he bed undertaken, Mr- Brockman read the ad-
dress as follows :
parade—a theme which the threatening missiles explod-
" TO GENERAL SIR DE LACY EVANS, K.C.8., 31. P., &C.
ins about him would have served sufficiently well to en-
"Sir,—We, the inhabitants of Hythe, Folkestone, Sand-
force—but he utterly disdained such obvious rhetoric.
gate, Perhaps, indeed, it is considered undesirable to make
borough, take the opportunity your sojourn among us allusions of the kind ; and certainly they are too patent
affords, to express our satisfaction that your health is suffi- to need much insisting on. At any rate, the reverend
ciently restored to allow of your receiving our congratula- gentleman neither noticed the pyrotechnics in his sound
tions on this occasion. practical sermon, nor in his own person ; but stood with
"We welcome you back with heartfelt pleasure from his back to the fort, and preached on some everyday
the seat of war—a war maintained for the cause of justice teat, and never changed his voice, or turned his head, in
and the independence of nations, accompanied, alas ! as it compliment to shot or shell."
has been, by disease and privations, but borne with con-
In his view of a battle, the writer was somewhat
stancy and patience. It is with pride (mingled with deep
grief for the noble hearts that have throbbed their last in disappointed :
the gallant actions of the Alma, the heights of Tchernaya, "How any one, who has not somebody in the secrets
and Inkerman) that wo have traced the passages of danger of the generals by his side to explain the movements,
and death through which has shone conspicuously your can understand an affair of the kind is to me a mystery. energetic mind, self-abandonment in sickness to attend the If a man is in the melee he only sees that. If, on the
call of duty, and generous self-denial in the hour of victory.
"We gratefully thank the Almighty Dispenser of All other hand, he is at a sufficient distance to take in the
Good for your safe return to England, to Lady Evans, your whole field, he sees an array of dark sparkling
family, and friends, and trust that many years of peace and masses—now moving, now stationary—covered with
happiness (crowned as they must be by glorious recollec- smoke, or emerging from it. Finally, he sees a certain
tions of difficulties and perils overcome during your portion of the whole marching away, perhaps in very
long and brilliant career, and the consciousness of having good order. We will suppose at such a juncture that,
deserved the gratitude of your country and the respect of by good luck, he really does know that the fight is de-
posterity) may still be in store for you, and may enable cided, and which party it is that is retreating, and that
that country still further to be indebted to you for the he rejoices or laments appropriately. Nevertheless, as
councils which experience, so hardly obtained, must enable
regards all the sudden emergencies, the daring move-
"Honour us,
you to furnish in the continued prosecution of her battles.
meats, and sagacious plans—all, in fact, that give the
our esteem. t represents not the measure of your de-
Sir, by accepting this outward token of
battle its historical interest--our spectator comprehends
sorts nor our appreciation of your worth, no more of them, believe me, than you comprehend of
" Folkestone, Jan. 22." the znanceuvres of a review."
The address baying been handed to Sir De Lacy After the battle of Inkerman, of which a full de-
Evans, scription is given, the author remained, making a
The gallant GENERAL said he could assure the gentle- sketch of the ground in circumstances of some
men forming the deputation, and the inhabitants of the danger :
district generally, that he felt most highly gratified at
"
the compliment which had been paid to him. He be-
My sketch of the ground was now completed, the
lieved that all men felt pleasure in visiting their homes victory won, and I got up and prepared for my long
after an absence in foreign countries, particularly in cri-
trudge, so as to be in time for dinner on board the --;
tical times ; and it certainly could not fail to afford him but I had not walked many paces, when one of our regi-
additional satisfaction to receive such a cordial welcome meats was brought forward past me, to fire at the re-
on the very spot where he had landed. Mr. Brockman
treating foe. Stretchers were being carried behind
had spoken of his own want of eloquence. Now, he
them.
in carrying the wounded, I confess it gave me a; and though I had seen these implements often
thought a soldier like himself had a better excuse to put used
forth on that head. One thing, however, he could say
shock to see them borne close behind these soldiers—
Mr. Brockman possessed—high independence. He had
now walking well and erect, their faces full in my view
sat beside him in the House of Commons for many years, —in anticipation l An anticipation soon realised. Di-
and he had more opportunities of knowing his merits
rectly they appeared there, the place where I had been
than even his constituents possessed. For the mark of lying seemed alive with round shot, throwing up the
attention which had been shown to him he was greatly dust in all directions ; while the stretcher bearers were
obliged, and its remembrance would be borne in mind
running here and there—l knew too well for what rea-
during his after life. He was self-complacent enough
to know that the compliment was not intended for
himself alone, but that it was also an exemplification
of feeling for the gallant army with which he had
the honour of serving. He had observed that
great complaints were daily made of the manage-
ment of the war, and it was asserted that the war
had made but slow progress. Now, he begged to differ
with many on that point. He did not consider, under
the circumstances, that the progress of the war had been
slow, and he was sure the result would show the cor-
rectness of his opinion. No such war as that in which
they were now engaged could possibly be finished in so
short a time as some were unreasonable enough to ex-
pect ; particularly where such a country as England,
with its small military strength, was not the aggressor.
England was not a military power, and the aggressor in
the present war was a very important military power,
possessed of vast resources—one which always main-
tained a very large army, and was always prepared for
war—if not, indeed, for aggressicn. Hence, at the sud-
den outbreak of the present hostilities, England had not
been prepared with a large standing army. It was im-
possible we could always have a perfect war establish-
ment on a military scale. We had happily enjoyed 40
years of peace, and opinions would not admit of the con-
tinued maintenance of a large standing army. lie would
recall to their minds the many wars in whisk this coun-
try had been engaged, and it would be found that the
British forces seldom attained decisive success until at
least a third campaign had set in. -He might instance
the war which immediately followed the breaking out
of the French Revolution. England was great and
powerful as a commercial nation ; and he had no doubt
that the present contest would be brought to a termina-
tion as decisive in its results as it would be glorious to
British arms. The army sent to the Crimea, though
young, had vindicated the honour of its country. There
was no other army to send. It was young, but it had
done its duty. Many mistakes in details had certainly
occurred, but they had been the result of inexperience.
No want of judgment, in his mind, had been evinced
by any officer of that staff in which he had the honour
of holding an humble post. Some battles had been
fought in which our army had gathered glory, in
alliance with the armies of France—an alliance be
would pronounce the most devoted and loyal, and
which the spirit of this country fully appreciated, Be
again begged to return them his best thanks ; and at the
present moment he almost wished he was not a soldier,
as he might then have been a better orator. Having re-
turned home, however, he was glad to find that his
bumble exertions had been considered deserving of ac-
knowledgn out, and again he thanked them from the
bottom of his heart.

"It did also occur to me (why will thoughts cross
one at the wrong times ?) that, perhaps, it was lucky for
a certain person that these poor fellows did not come up
before—that had that happened, he might have pre-
sented himself at a particular nook of the Temple with a
wooden leg ; but with no honours, no pension, to show
for it—only sharp shafts of ridicule and—' Que, diable,
allait-il faire dans Bette galare?' Ab, Ah ! you have
lost that triumph."

The author strongly combats the arguments against
a red uniform, citing the fact that at the battle of
Inkerman great inconvenience was felt from the
English fighting in their grey great coats. No
doubt, he observes, it is an inconvenience for troops
to be seen plainly by an enemy, but it is a greater
one not to be seen plainly by their own comrades.
Great indignation at the conduct of the Russians
appears to exist in the army :

" You will have heard of the atrocities committed by
the enemy on the wounded. As I returned from the
field I met two or three hundred prisoners being taken
into Balaklava, upon whom, as they passed, all kinds of
abuse were being lavished by our men. I saw one of
these Russians, in particular, signalise a private who
was smoking to give him a light ; but it was refused,
with the most hearty maledictions. Now, as vin-
dictive feeling towards the conquered is the very last
sentiment that enter.] the breast of an English soldier,
these aro symptoms of the extent to which the barbari-
ties in question are beginning.to inflame tho minds of
our army. Let the irritation go on a little longer, and
`quarter' will be unknown."
A comparison is made between some of our arrange-
ments and those of our Allies. One great advan-
tage they possess appears to be the water-flask,
which is a light tin vessel, with a funnel fur drink-
ing, whereas the canteen " with which the
Englishman is afflicted" is wood, half-a-dozen times
as heavy and without a funnel, although it costs
twice the sum. There is, says the author, but one
thing to be said for it—it dates from the days of
Marlborough ! The French also have one cook for
twelve, instead of every man being cumbered with
cooking utensils. They bake their own bread,
and General Canrobert recently distributed one
clay's supply to every British soldier.
Those who wish for a brief and vivid picture of
the events and incidents of a camp life will find
this little volume the most interesting that has yet
appeared.

The Life of Nicholas 1., Emperor of Russia, with
a short account of Russia and the Russians. By
T. Mayne. Longman:

Some portions of this work have already appeared
before the public, but it is now enlarged, and from
different sources of information interesting accounts
have been taken of the subject under notice. It
is eminently calculated to augment the stock we
at present possess of knowledge and details concern-
ing Russia. A great deal is written on the internal
and domestic arrangements of the country ; the
people appear barbarous and cruel ; the more inti-
mately they are studied, the more savage and un-
softened are their manners, the more harsh their
customs, and the more uncivilised their lives. The
military power of Russia is descanted upon; it is
observed that fear is the ruling passion in the
army, "the Russian soldier knows that if the
enemy is before him the stick is behind him, in
short, the fear of the stick replaces the sentiment
of honour." The social state of the people may be
judged of from the fact of the Czar's having un-
limited power to send off, without notice, the first
minister or highest prince to Siberian exile, or to
reduce them to the meanest position without any
opportunity of defending themselves, or any hope
of appeal from the arbitrary measure. The punish-
ments which are inflicted are of the most barbarous
and inhuman description ; no ono who has perused
the account of them will fail to be struck with
horror and amazement. After such details and
descriptions it must be a subject of rejoicing that
the Government which sanctions and promulgates
these observances will, in all probability, be
checked in its evil course, and as it is here ob-
served, "we aro thankful that the talons of the
Russian eagle, under which such barbarities may
be practised, are about to be clipt."

Institutes of Metaphysic. The Theory of Knowing
and Being. By James F. Ferrier, A.B. Black-
wood.

Whatever may be the author's success in these
institutes, it is impossible to deny him credit for
vigorous logic and independent thought. He is
one of those who are not disposed to take anything
M philosophy for granted, however high the autho-
rity under which it is advanced. Having stated at
the outset of his introductory chapter that when
using the word " Philosophy" by itself he means
it to be accepted as synonymous with Metaphysics
or speculative science, he lays down the proposition
that a system of philosophy is bound by two main
requisitions—it ought to be true, and it ought to•
be reasomcd—and proceeds to show that the latter
is the most stringent ; and that while a system em-
bracing both requisitions is the most valuable, that
which is reasoned is more valuable than that which
is true without being reasoned. Noticing the
general complaint, that while we have plenty of
dissertations on philosophy, we have no philosophy
itself, he admits its truth, and endeavours to explain
the cause, and to discover how the evil may be re-
medied. No inquirer, he asserts, has ever yet got
to the beginning, and this is to be accounted for
by the fact that things which are first in the order
of nature are last in the order of knowledge ; and
first principles being unknown, there can bo no
advance, no system of philosophy. Having adverted
to other retarding causes, including the tendency
of late years to limit the strictly necessary truths of
reason—i.c., truths iu laws—the opposite of which
aro inconceivable, contradictory, nonsensical, im-
possible, the criterion of which is the law of identity
or contradiction—he next applies himself to the
question, " How is this unsatisfactory state of
things to be remedied ?" His anwer is, only by a
diligent attempt to digest a body of philosophical

Experience of the
Reppoierkt ofz. elTutvesetn.ty-oßnye
AYel
laaras '
Menzies. Black-
wood.
The above bequest was designed for elevating the
character and position of the parochial schools and
schoolmasters in the counties of Aberdeen, Banff,
and Moray, and the present report, the third
issued, got up at the request of the trustees by
their clerk, has been put in circulation partly with
a view to the benefit and nnprovement of the
teachers and others, but mainly to describe the
object of the trustees in the management and dis-
tribution of the funds, and the cause of that suc-
cess which, we are happy to find, has attended
their administration. This would appear to be a
due recognition of the requirements of the scholars,
and the possession of a mode of supplying them a
creditable knowledge, in short, of the general sub-
ject and science of teaching. The following will
meet with general concurrence :
"A high moral tone is essential to the design of the
school as a seminary of moral training. The key-note
of the morality of the school is the moral tone of the
teacher. If that indicates a 'moral feeling not sensitive
—not nicely scrutinising anything that does not assume
the garb of undisguised vice—not shrinking from moral
defilement in a classical form—even winking, it may be,
at a conventional trenching upon the outworks of purity
in language, which, although formally correct, is yet
tainted with impurity in its origin and its suggestions—
then will the seeds of corruption germinate quickly, and
spring into rank and luxuriant growth. On the other
hand, it is a beautiful spectacle, not to the view of the
world surveying the surface, tint to those whose inte-
rests and opportunities induce and enable them to ex-
aminemshle,,k,,ih:
,:pahsn.,:q
ifd;:freii:Onohschool,, teot impurity.
moral tone,= not in
shrinks
hortation and reproof merely, but declaring itself- in his" -
whole bearing and conduct—especially in unconscious
indications that vice and falsehood are evidently regarded
as things not to be suspected. The pupil is thus taught
not so much by injunction, as by infinitely more power-
ful influence, which strengthens his principle by a tacit
appeal to his conscience, and brings into active energy
the feeling on his part, that what is expected of him is
the practice of that truth and purity to which his heart
does reverence."

The Roving Englishman in Turkey. Routledge.
The " Roving Englishman" has already made
the acquaintance of a large number of readers,
partly through the medium of household Words,
and partly from the collected form in which his
sketches subsequently appeared. The present
volume is reprinted in part from the serial men-
tioned, but a great portion of it is original. It
gives a very lively and amusing description of the
sights and scenes of an Oriental neighbourhood.
The account he givesof an auction, which is taking
place in a crazy shed outsido the town, presents a
vivid picture of the laisser alter manner in which
the Orientals conduct their affairs. After having
disposed of some trifling article, the auctioneer '
desires repose, and sending for a na,rgilly, ho joins
in the general discourse. Tile whole company,
says the author, presenting a picture sufficiently
striking and characteristic ; they have entirely
forgotten why they assembled together, and arc
idling their time in that slothfulness which is surely
the root of all evil, and from which springs as cer-
tainly nine-tenths of their national disasters. Ho
contemplates them for some time, and notices my-
sterious boys pulling about the things which are a
bankrupt's property :
" For the rest, I begin to understand also that the
auctioneer is not likely to resume his labours for the pre-
sent ; the talk will go on till dinner-time ; then the
talkers will disperse. To-morrow it is the Greek feast
of the Forty Martyrs; on the following day it is the
festival of Saint Somebody ; the next day it is the
Turkish Sabbath (our Friday) ; the next it is Satur-
day, the Jewish Sabbath ; then comes Sunday ; no-
body likes to do anything, particularly on Mon-
day, while Tuesday and Wednesday are both saints'
days ; on Thursday everybody will stay at home
sobering, and then again follow the three Sun-
days ! -By this time I know very well that everybody
will have forgotten all about the sale, just as much as
if it had been an affair of the last century ; should they
remember it, I am not quite clear that the matter will
be mended. The bankrupt's goods aro in a ruined shed ;
they will not be locked up, they will be nailed up. To-
morrow morning, or the morning afterwards, the shed
will be found open ; something will be said about a
robbery ; this will supply a great deal of energetic talk,
and afford an excellent opportunity of abusing the
Turkish authorities."

Knowledge is Power. By Charles Knight. John
Murray.
A valuable work ; one which young men enter-
ing on life especially should purchase and read with
attention. Here will be found a comprehensive
but not too minute view of the productive forces of•
modern society, and the results of labour, capital,
and skill, and this presented in a very attractive
manner. The notion which deters many from the
study of political economy, viz., that it is neces-
sarily dry and uninteresting, is shown to be a
creature of the imagination and not a reality. The
book is really interesting. Charles Fox even, who
said he could not understand Adam Smith, would
have found no difficulty with its contents. It is
founded ou two little works written by the author
more than twenty years ago, and extensively
bliscir-
culated. One of these, " The Results of Ma-
chinery,"was
for the puhed in connexion with the
Society Diffusion of Useful Knowledge at
a period of great national alarm, when the agri-
cultural labourers of the southern districts were
led to acts of violence by a blind rage arising from
a mistaken dread of injury to their interests from
the use of a novel power. " Now," the author
remarks, " that spirit is happily passed away ; a
spirit of knowledge has arisen, and we are told, by
an unquestionable authority, that labourers them-
selves begin to regard the tedious work of
the flail as too irksome. The same class that
in IS3O broke the threshing machines." Of
course, in remodelling this part of the present vo-
lume,nsof. o c
af tphi
as he did then, the evils of hostility to machinery.
Mr. Knight to urge now,
it was necessary for
employed. himself more satisfae-
litoreilhyasintahnetriectiopraetlng its more complete union with
skilled labour, as the triumph of the productive
forces of modern society. In the other work upon
which the present volume is founded, "Capital and
production of wealth—is
.here carried forward, and
general subject—the
distribution of wealth are. not overlooked, as the
the general
and labour in the
mistakes about production have yielded in a great
degree to improved education ; so Mr. Knight,
not unwarrantably, feels confident. these which the generalLabour, ' 'th
re el a argument
tlo
be-
long to distribution also will yield to the progress
of information. Knowledge. is
.power, and, on the
right appreciation of the principles which govern
society there can be no doubt will depend much of
the security and happiness of our own and the
coming time. This fact gives the volume before us
a value, and its lucid and popular style renders its
circulation among the young desirable. It is em
bellished with a great
number of
new woodcuts,
illustrative of mechanical inventions.

The author has a very lowopinion of the Greeks,
of whom ho gives a number of sketches. Their
duplicity, falsehood, and cunning appear almost
hopeless. Nothing can be done with them with-
out the influence of fear ; they are not amenable
to kindness, for they do not believe in it. Of
course, never tolling the truth themselves, they
never trust others ; and this state of things is very
awkward and disagreeable to those not accustomed
to such crooked ways. Our traveller is of opinion
that much good might be done by reforming our
embassies.

Australia and its Gold
_Fields. 13y Edward H

missioner of Crown
Hargraves. Ingram and Co.
obvisernment the sum
t Forhe
Government
an account
of the recent gold discoveries,
LaTnhdiss in
subect on which
the author is eminently qualified to j
workNe
wi s
sboyu tt
hh ew.late e
Wales,
Command
gives
speak, having
been himself the first to draw attention to the vast
important dis-
coveryof 10,0001. He takes a brief review of the disco-
very of gold from the earliest ages, commencing
with the classic authors, giving an account of the
Spanish conquests in America, and the quantities
of gold extorted by Pizarro from the unfortunate
Inca of Peru. The narrative of the discovery of
gold in California is as follows c--
" Captain Suttor had received from the Mexican Go-
vernment a very large grant of land, I think 60,000
acres, on condition of his settling there, and introducing
agriculture, and endeavouring to civilise the Indians in
his immediate vicinity. Ile chose for his site the spot
where now stands the city of Sacramento. There he
built the fort, and, from the first, succeeded very well.
His hind ran back from the river to the spurs of the
Sierra Nevada, where there was abundance of timber.
" In 1848 many Americans came overland to spy out
the country and settle in it, which induced Captain
Suttor to erect a saw-mill, for the purpose of supplying
the newly-arrived emigrants with timber, and probably
of sending some to Monterey also. For this purpose he
required an engineer, and hearing of one Marshall, a
person from New South Wales, at St. Diego, Captain
Suttor sent, for him, and gave him the needful inetrec-
tions. When the works were 80 far advanced as to
'low the mill being set going; it 71_a (liBQover44 . that the

" Let our attaclds be chosen from men who have al-
ready distinguished themselves, and perhaps need a little
repose ; from our rising barristers of acknowledged abi-
lity, who might study foreign laws from so advantageous
a position, and who, by comparing them with our own,
might often introduce most important ameliorations on
their return. Let us now and then send an eminent
physician, longing fora year's travel, to inquire into the
treatment of diseases abroad. Let us send sometimes an
engineer, an artist, a skilful soldier who has drawn all
eyes upon him in our Indian wars, whose opinion night
be of untold value in time of war, and who might pick
up a thousand improvements for our army which escape
the flying visits of royal dukes ; or an author, who is a
national honour to us, and whose genius fills the world.
"Let us be represented abroad as we really are, and
in our best colours—not as a nation of mountebanks
and fiddlers. Let us have really respectable embassies,
which may help to advance the progress of science and
civilisation all over the world; which may carry the
healthy genius of our land from one hemisphere to
another, and bring us back numberless benefits in re-
turn. We might thus lay the salaries of our servants
out at precious interest. _

"What stores of useful information—not only to the
Government, bit to the public—might bo gleaned by
really able and useful men attached to our diplomatic
establishments ; by draughtsmen' surveyors, engineers,
physicians, soldiers, lawyers, and scholars.
"Our embassies might be much more Numerous than
they are. At Paris, Vienna, Constantinople, Berlin,
Naples, Madrid, we could hardly have tuo many clear-
headed hard-working men ; while such n farce as our
missions at Hanover, Stuttgardt, Dresden, &c., ought
to be done away with at once ; their places to be
supplied by chargc's d'ufaires with 1,0001. a year, not
too proud to attend to their business.

His description of life, and the value of
general articles in Constantinople presents som
novelties :

"The fact is, that, to a who has not really sonic-
thin; to do, who is not doing it all (!ay long, so as to
be absolutely indifferent about all ether things, Constan-
tinople is most intolerable, and most other Turkish towns
are worse. There are no theatres or public amusements,
nothing but the weariest Italian opera ever dreamed
of by a hypochondriac ; it is dark, and cold, and
dirty, and filled with noisy young Perotes, who
arc all in love with the Prima Donna (nsually 4S), and
show it with an intemperate indiscretion almost worthy
of a British ambassador. There are no exhibitions, no
field sports ; there is nothing at all, in fact, but anti-
quity-hunters in difficulties, and a few noisy parties of
young men ; with all this I suppose Constantinople is at
this moment the most expensive place in all Europe to
Jive in, 11012.0 Wt. t 149 43.94 t ramrod of the 99ubilzooracy 9f

Ruth Hall. A Tale of the Present Day. By
Fanny Fern.
This is a very interesting story. Its authoress
is already well known to the reading public by the
publication of several little sketches and short nar-
ratives ; but this is the first long composition on
which she has ventured. It is successful in what

it undertakes to achieve—the details of a gifted
being struggling with hard and bitter circum-
stances. Forsaken by her own family, and mo-
lested by her husband's relatives, a widow without
a friend in the world, her young children cryinrr
for bread, and her former acquaintances ignorint;
her existence, Ruth Hall had a dreary time of it
indeed, and truly exemplified in her career,
" They learn in suffering what they teach in song."
It would have been sad enough to know that while
her writings wore arousing interest and exciting
sympathy through the length and breadth of the
land, she was almost starving, and her children on
the brink of death from sustaining sufferings and
privations unsuited to their tender years ; yet the
severest trial, the wormwood mingled with the
gall, was to feel and think that her relations were
in luxury, and left her to perish. At last, how-
ever, she was triumphant, and many who had ad-
' mired her for some time contrived to make some
more advantageous plans for her benefit. It is
satisfactory to meet with the difficulties into which
the cruel grandmother and crafty brother are
plunged at the end, when Ruth is discovered to be
the successful writer, and their sot in society,
before whom they have tried to appear grand and
circumspect, overwhelm them with awkward ques-
tions as to why they had let their relative remain
in such distress and obscurity. Their unkindness
was forgotten by Ruth, who gave them up, a 3 sho
had been given up by them. She left the world,
which had been so hard to her, and which now
offered her the chaplet of fame, to mourn at the
grave of the husband of her youth. It was a
respite to her to have leisure to weep. " Hushed,
holy, and unprefancd was this Sabbath of the
dead."

According to accounts from Odessa, stated to be de-
rived from official sources and documents, the total
number of men put hors de combat, from the 28th of
September (exclusive consequently of the defeat of the
Alma) to the 27th of December, does not exceed 26,763,
including prisoners taken, and deaths from disease or
other causes not resulting from wounds. The following
are the details :
Killed, or died of wounds 7,301
\\rounded 13,826
Pri,on,rs
Died of cUs.:,ase, accident, &sc.

Total 06,763
No ate, supposing this ('etail to bo correct—which
many reasons conduce to believe is not the case—two
items more arc to be added, which will considerably
swell the tots', and bring it infinitely nearer ill&
calculations made in previous numbers of our journal,
First comes the lost at the Alma, which in Prince
Menselukoll's report was given at 1,762 killed, and
2,7°0 wounded and contused ; or a total of 4,482. But
not a doubt exists that this return, which also omitted
prisoners taken, was far beneath the true loss, and
that upwards of 6,000 men were absent from roll-
i call on the day following the defeat. Secondly, t
is evident that the above details relate to the losses
of the troops, and do not include those of the navy
and marines, which the Russian Naval Magazine gives
at 3,863, up to the 29th of Nov. But as the sailors
and marines have been mainly exposed to fire in the
fortress batteries, and have taken a prominent and
honourable share in sorties since the last-mentioned
date, it may be fairly affirmed that their loss, including
deaths by disease, down to the 27th of December, has
fallen little short of 4,500 men. The detail, then,.would
stand thus :

Yet sho had much to be grateful for, and as sho
looked at the grave she remembered that, if she
were summoned away herself, other friends would
protect her children than their cruel and natural
guardians. "As the carriage rolled from under the
old stone gateway a little bird startled from out
its leafy nest, trilled forth a song as sweet and
clear as the lark's at heaven's own blessed gate.
Accept the omen, dear Ruth, said Mr. Walter,
life has much of harmony yet in store fur you."

Who's Who in, 1855. Seventh Year. Baily

Losses at tho Alma, of all kinds 6,000
Ditto, from Sept. 28 to Dcc. 27 26,763
Ditto of navy, from Oct. 17 to Dec. 27 4,500

Brothers.

37,263
The strongest possible grounds exist meantime for
calculating the tail losses, under the divers heads given
in the first detail, of more than 40,000 men, of whom at
least three-fourths—that is, 30,000 men—have not re-
joined, or cannot rejoin. Indeed, if we look at the official
paper returns of the strength of battalions when marching
from Bessarabia, or even when preparing for action in the
Crimea, and compare them with the number declared to
have been brought into action when defeat has ensued,
it is incontestable that there exists a difference is minus
of from 30 to 40 per cent. Thus the battalions of the
6th corps (16th and 17th divisions), and others at the
Alma, 1,000 strong on paper, were officially declared.
not to have exceeded 700 ; and the battalions of the
4th and 6th corps, likewise 1,000 on paper, not to have
mustered more than 600 when going into action at In-
kf-rinan. We therefore repeat that if the Russians them-
selvea admit their losses in men put hors &combat by sword
and sickness to amount to 35,108, it may safely beaffirmed
that our calculation of 40,000 is rather under than above
the lowest amount. Taking, however, the Russian
returns as a basis for calculation, and dividing the
amount by the number of days (from the 24th of Sep.
tQiuher to the 27th of December inclusive), the result
will give a diurnal loss of 369. In a former calculation
we gave the daily wear and tear at 400 since the opening
of the campaign and siege. Russian statements them-
selves go
prove the approximate correctness of our
s. It may be added that the Russians admit
acseallivcesiessiaof 580 officers, including 140 naval.

This is a very useful publication, there being in-
formation of the most varied kind. An almanack
is given, a list of the Members of both Houses with
their political bias, the number of registered elec-
tors, &c. ; also those of the Privy Council in Eng-
land and Ireland. The Directors of the Bank of
England, the Police Commissioners and Magis-
trates, the Judges, &c., are notified, and innume-
rable items of intelligence are conveyed to those
who seek details on the public institutions, offices,
and appointments. A valuable work of reference
is thus presented, and those who pertise. it atten-
tively will estimate the vast amount of labour and.
research that must have been expended in its
compilation. This is the seventh year
i of its exist-
ence, which circumstance proves that t has given
satisfaction hitherto by its skilful arrangement and
multifarious subjects.

GENERAL BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION.—The seventh
annual meeting of this Association took place last even.
ing at the Lonon Tavern, to receive the report of the
committee, to elect officers for the ensuing year, and on
general business. This society has been established for
the purpose of affording timely relief to persons in die.
tress (without regard to distinction of religious creed) in
order to encourage them to have recourse to their own
exertions, as means of escaping the miseries of abject
indigence, and of restoring themselves to a respectable
social position.
TAE LATE GENERAL SIR ANDREW P. BARNARD,
G.C.B. and G.C.H.—Yesterday was appointed for the
funeral of the Licut.-Governor of Chelsea Hospital. The
funeral took place shortly after 10 o'clock, Gen. Vis-
count Ifardinge, the Commander-in-Chief, and the other
mourners and friends of the deceased, assembling at the
college about that hour. The whole of the pensioners
formed a line from the Lieut.-Governor's residence to the
Chapel, through which the funeral procersion moved. The
body of the deceased grnr'ral was preceded by the custo-
mary attendants and followed by the chief mourners,—
Charles 3 or-
General Yorke, s, Maj Smith,
Colonel Hamilton, the Hon. George O Calla.p.n, and Mr.
, Brigadier-General Cranford, Mr. :Stewart Bruce, Mr.
Cockerel!, end Sir Hervey Bruce. Next followed
General Viscount Ilardinge, Lieutenant-General 11ro•
therton, Lord
'roArekael,eLEaietlitit-Ce;:anrt ciliti 3ml
Lyon. The other rumirneri in the procession were 1G
pensioners of the Rifles who had four,,ht under the ga
!ant deceased, and shared the dangers and honours of
many a sanguinary conflict.
TUE LAM' LORD FREDERICK FITZCLARENCE.—Soutb-
ampon, Monday.--!
reLnains of the late Governor of
Bombay, which arrived at this port this day by the Pen-
insular and Oriental Company's steam-ship Indus, were
received at the dock quay by Lord Atdol bus p 1 itzelarence,
the Earl of Falkland, the Hon. Mr. Boyle, and a deputa-
tion of respect from Portsmouth consisting of Dr, Rolph
and Messrs. Emmanuel, Hollingsworth, and Simpson.
The body of the gallant general on its landing was re-
moved to a warehouse in the docks, where it awaits its
transmission to Etal-house, the late lord's seat in North.
umberland, preparatory to interment in the family y.teult
I.IA that ueigtibourhooi.

Wearyfoot Common. By Leitch Ritchie. Bogue.
This is an interesting and well-written story,
relating the struggles and adventures of an unaided
youth to obtain an independence in London. He
is discovered in the mist on Woaryfoot Common,
and adopted by Captain Semple, a kind-hearted
and simple-minded man, who affects great rough-
ness and severity of deportment. Tim course of
events, though not depriving Robert Oaklands of
his patron, prevent him from assisting him in his
establishment in life, and Robert betakes himself
to London to discover if, on the Wearyfoot Com-
mon of world, he can find any path that will lead
him to competence and distinction. His adventures
are various, the most remarkable being his acquaint-
ance with Sir Vivian Falcontoiror, awl his daughter
Claudia, a very uncommon young lady. At length
he succeeds in his endeavours, and obtains his well-
merited reward. The moral of the story is excel-
lent ; it shows the success of perseverance and high
principle. The characters arc very diversified and
well drawn. Robert is a very attractive hero from
his straightforward and resolute disposition, aLd
his nobleness of mind and superiority to the acci-
dents of birth and fortune. Sara, the nieco of his
protector, is also a very charming heroine ; and ate
old captain himself, with his apparent fierceness
and real kindness and gentleness of heart, secures
the reader's interest. His sister is almost too stiff
and sententious to be natural. Claudia Falcon-
tower is the character of the book—that is to say,
she is the most peculiar and original portrait ; but
gie does A9t awaken the iutemt, though §lie 14.