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London, England, 1855-05-18 00:00:00

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LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, MAX' 18, 1855.

THE OVERLAND MAIL.

in all the journals of the presidency.—The Friend
of India, in refetynce to a late scandalous libel
case in the Supreme Court at Calcutta, where
a chaplain of the Hon., Company's service sued a
young lady for having said that he had attempted
an act of indecent violence upon her, and where the
judgment was for the defendant on the score that
she ha& established the fact, hopes that the Court
of Directors will 'dismiss him from their service.
We should have hoped that his reverence might
have been at the door of the Supreme Court by the
proper prosecuting authority, and been brought up
criminally for an assault with attempt to violate,
which could, of course, have been proved by the
same evidence on which his intended victim was
acquitted. Really these Church scandals amongst
us in India are beginning to grow something per-
fectly outrageous. It is not yet six months since
we had one of the most shameless cases of adultery
on the part of a clergyman's wife in the. Bombay
presidency, while,
if we mistake not, within the
year two or three have come to light in the Bengal
diocese. We are not aware of the. doings in Ma-
dras. With family scandals such as these every
now and then coming to light, and always such a
frightful difficulty in the way of reaching the delin-
quents, a question is apt to be ‘raised whether it
would not be greatly for the benefit of Christianity,
that we abolish the establishment in India alto-
gether, giving each European regiment a regimental
chaplain, who might do service atthe station where
his corps was quartered, leaving the rest of the
community to provide spiritual instruction at their
own charge for themselves. In churches maintained
on the voluntary principle it is always found easy to
turn a transgressor about his business, and when he
ceases to please his people, his churchsoon becomes
too cold to hold him, and his emoluments too small
to support him. Our reverend friends may dep-nd
upon it that this isthe direction in which the current
of public opinion is at present letting, and that it
rests with themselves whether the drift shall be
rapid or slow ; the Bishop of Bombay has already
knocked 20 years off the existence of the Church
in. India. The Supreme Government has ordered
the construction of a line of telegraph from Mirza-
pore via Jubbulpore, Seeonee, Nagpore, and Hy-
derabad, to Bellary, connecting the capitals of the
presidencies and the Punjaub. The Prussian tra-
vellers Schlagentweit, who arrived in Bombay in
September, and left in December, have reached
Calcutta, via Madras. The Court of Directors
allowed the most distinguished of the brothers 700
rupees a month and his travelling charges, this not
being an excessive sum. The man who runs the risk
of an Indian climate is entitled to set aside what is
assigned him in the.name of salary as something to
take home with him. Mr. Adolphe Schlagentweit,
however, conceived that he might take two bro-
thers along with him to assist him, without ex-
tra
charge save that of travelling. On reaching
Calcutta, he found he had misreckoned his esti-
mates, and applied for and obtained from the
Deputy-Governor of Bengal salary and travelling
charges for* one of his brothers. The travelling
charges of the party, we should presume, could
scarcely bo covered .by less than 1,500 rupees a
month, the salaries amounting to as much, and as
this will probably extend over 18 months at least,
the total will amount to close on 6,0001., an expense,
we should suppose, considerably larger than was ex-
pected to he incurred when the expedition was ar-
ranged. . The cost of publication of the book em-
bodying the results of these investigations, abound-
ing, and it must needs abound, with drawings,
maps, diagrams, &c., will in all likelihood cost at
least 2,0001. more, and if the work could not have
been as well performed by officers on the spot—as
we are confident it could—it is simply because of
the studious neglect with which men of science
have always been treated by the Court, and, unless
under such distinguished men as Lord ,William
Bentinck and' Lord Dalhousie, by the Govern-
ments of India, general and local. The Governor-
General is on the Neilgherries, and will be soon
joined there by the Governor and Commander-in-
Chief of Madras. Lord Dalhousie's health is such
as to compel him to live perfectly secluded. He
lately removed from Ootauamund to Kotagherry,
at which place he will permanently establish his re
sidence in the event of the air there agreeing better
with him than that of the higher station, which it
is likely to do if lie requires a mild climate. Lord
Elphinstone, in company with his friend, the Hon.
W. Elliott, Esq., member of council, Ma.clras, is on
a short visit to Mahabulesh war. The Hon.A. Malet,
Esq., arrived from Calcutta at Bombay on the 6th
inst., and was sworn in the same day as fourth mem-
ber of compd. By this steamer Col. Rawlinson, po-
litical agent at Bagdad, goes home on 15 mouths'
sick leave. A special meeting of the Bombay branch
of the Royal Asiatic Society was held immediately
after his arrival at the presidency, to receive him and
to give him an opportunity of presenting the so-
ciety with a brief view of his latest researches in
Mesopotamia. It was the most numerously at-
tended of any which has been held since the forma-
tion of the society, half a century ago, and of a
most importakut character. They had special re-
ference to the conformity of the historical tablets
and cylinders of Chaldea,, Assyria, and Babylonia
with the Hebrew Scriptures from the age of
Abraham to the destruction of Babylon. Colonel
Rawlinson was listened to with breathless attention.
On the motion of Dr. Wilson, honorary president of
the society, its best thanks were conveyed to him by
the patron of the society, Lord Elphinstone, for Ins
most interesting communications, and the secretary
was directecrto prepare a minute expressiVe of the
regard which the society `cherishes for its distin-
guished member, whom it congratulated on the un-
paralleled success of his learned investigations.—
Trade is still depressed, and in a very unsatisfactory
state. Freights are steady, and tonnage plentiful.
Exchange is favourable for remitters, but money is
tight and scarce in all quarters.

by shipments to Amoy; but shippers are acting cau-
tiously, and little is going forward to that quarter. The
new crop comes down very slow as yet, which assists to
uphold prices.
SHEEP'S WoOL.—The market continues very firm,
and some descriptions are higher in value.
HEMP.—The depression noticed in our last is still ap-
parent ; and, with no inquiry, prices have further re-
ceded.
OIL-SEEDS.—The news by the mail has had little effect
upon the market, prices being well maintained for all
descriptions 'except linseed, whieh is very dull, and pro-
curable at Rs.. per cwt. Teel is held firmly at Rs. 23
per candy, there being an active demand by both Euro-
pean and French houses.
PEPpEB.—The market is very dull, and both Bhntcol
and Tellicherry,have declined in value.
OPIIIM.—The steamer, on the 4th instant, took 1,870
'chests ; and notwithstanding the unfavourable news by
the inward one, holders of drug are asking advanced
prices—viz., Mundleiser, Rs. 870 ; Indore, Rs. 855 per
chest ; but the inquiry is very languid and stocks large.
TozotAGE.—Rates of freight are as at our last, the
arrivals from the colonies of some large vessels having
Checkdd any improvement; and to Great Britain, 3/. 10s. to
Si. 12s. 6d. per ton of 50 cubic feet is the current rate.
Seeds 31. 155., and oil Si. per tun of 210 imperial gal-
lons.

--
We are now enabled to lay before our readers
extracts from the Indian papers, whiCh reached
Suez on the Ist of May by, the Ganges. They
were despatched from Alexandria on the sth by
the Melita, screw-steamer, and from Malta on the
10th by the Thamise to arseilles.
• Up to the sth the Oriental had not been tele-
graphed at Alexandria as having arrived at Suez
with the Calcutta mail, for which the Vectis, to
carry on the overland portion to Marseilles, and
the Euxine, to carry •on the heavy portion to
Southampton, were waiting at Alexandria.

(From the Overland Bombay Times, April 16.)
SIIMMARY.—We have had some sharp fighting
around Peshawar. . A field force under Colonel
Craigie, consisting of the 4th, 9th, and 20th
Bengal Native Infantry, a mountain train of two
3-pounder guns, and two 12-pounder howitzers,
arid a troop of cavalry, proceeded out to Musha
Khail, where they arrived on the 7th of March.
On the 19th, orders were issued for the troops to
march at midnight, leaving the camp standing.
About nine miles from camp a halt was made till
daybreak, and at sunrise the force reached the first
ridge of the hills, where a view was obtained of
the valley in which operations were about to be
commenced. A detachment of the 4th Regiment
descended on the ridge to the left, and burned a
village on their way. At the same time the 9th
Regiment descended the ridge on the right, closely
followed by the mountain train and -20th Native
Infantry, the cavalry remaining on the heights.
The people now began t retire rapidly, carrying
with them their families and their cattle, and the
advance *ere soon afterwards engaged with a small
party of hill-men, the conflict being of short dura-
tion. The 4th Regiment having burned a village,
rejoined the main body, which now penetrated
about a mile and a half into the hills, and here the
enemy were found assembled in force to oppose them.
They were posted behind rocks and earthen fences
—an admira,ble position for giving effect to their
matchlock fire. The mountain train now opened in
support of the infantry, but after the discharge of
a few rounds from the guns, the whole force was
ordered to retire, the train covering the retreat,
and the troops as they withdrew set fire to the
stacks of wood preparkl for the Peshawur market
and such cottages as fell in their way. They
reached camp at half-past four next morning, after
a long and fatiguing march of 30 miles. Our loss
amounted to 9 sepoys killed and 27 wounded ; 19
of the hill-men are said to have been killed. On
the 24th of March the Momunds came down in force
from the hills in front of Matta to attack the gar-
rison of Abuzai, consisting of two troops of the 10th
Light Cavalry and three companies of the 62d Na-'
tive Infantry ; these at once turned out to meet
them, and an action commenced which lasted for
several hours ; the enemy were beaten and com-
pelled to retire. The death of a thief who was
killed at Peshawur in Colonel Brown's compound
is now to be made the subject of legal investiga-
tionp a court-martial having been convened for the
trial of Colonel Brown, by order of the Commander-
in-Chief. On the 30th March a treaty of friend-.
ship with the Caboul government was signed by
Sirdar Goolam Haidur Khan, on the part of Ameer
Dost Mahomed Khan, and by Mr. John Lawrence,
chief commissioner of the Punjaub, on the part of
Lord Dalhousie, in full durbar at Peshawur, under
a Royal salute of 21 guns. The treaty was read
out before the assembled British officers and Aff-
ghan chiefs in both languages • and we are thus
enabled to state that it contains three articles ;
by' the first of which friendship and peace
are established between the British government
and Dost Mahomed Khan and his heirs ; by
the secoild, the East India Company engages
to respect the territories now possessed by the
Ameer, and not to interfere therein ; and by the
third, the Ameer and his heirs undertake not only
to do the same towards us, but to be the friends of
our friends, and the enemies of our enemies. This
result will be received by the public in India and at
home with satisfaction—a wise and dignified for-
giveness of the past, with its mutual errors, and a
timely return to the line of true policy in Central
Asia from which we went so widely astray in 1838.
Opportunities come as seldom to nations as to in-
, dividuals. We wastedone, and havebeen fortunate
to find another, and to use it rightly. Sirdar Haidur
Khan was to return towards Caboul on the 31st of
March, and as be has been treated with distin-
guished courtesy and honour, both by the military
and civil authorities' and received very kingly pre-
sents, we doubt not that he has gone back with a
feeling of increased security to his inheritance,
though he has not (as some feared) added to it one
acre yf British territory. There seem to have been
considerable disturbances of late on our Burmese
frontier ; these are things to be looked for for a
long time to come, nor will indeed the country be
wholly quieted until it is all our own. The Bank of
Bengal has lowered its rates of interest on loans
and discounts by 1 per cent. A native monster
meeting was held at Madras on the 2d instant,
when it was resolved to forward a petition to Par-
liament, the objects of which are to refute the
denunciation of Sir Charles Wood, that the two
petitions forwarded from the Madras Association
in December, 1852, were a tissue of misrepresenta-
tions and exaggeration ; to point out the deficien-
cies of the India Bill as respects the mode under
which admission to the civil service is in future to
be regulated, so far as the natives are concerned, in
requiring candidates to pass their examination in
England, subjecting those of the compaunity to the
loss of caste as the consequence of their voyage to
and temporary residence in Europe—to repeat the
request for a public commission of inquiry into the
actual condition of the Madras Presidency, as the
only means by which the Parliament and people of
England can be made fully acquainted with the
state of the people and the extent of the grievances
under which they have heen so long suffering—to
reiterate the prayer contained in the two preceding
petitions for the introduction of constitutional go-
vernment, based on the example of the Crown colony
of Ceylon ; to request that candidates for govern-
ment employ may be examined and passed in, this
country through the media of the universities which
have been promised at each of the three presi-
dencies ; to solicit that India may be placed directly
under the government of the Crown ; and seventh,
and last, that the native temples may be managed
by definite regulations, and rendered subject to
efficient control. Early on the same day a meeting
was held in the College Hall at Madras, on the oc-
casion of the opening of Dr. Hunter's enlarged
" School of Industrial Art." The meeting had been
called with a view to ascertain the interest with
which the public regarded such an undertaking,
and to show the progress that had been made during
the last five years. The school has not only paid
its expenses, but 14,000r5. have been accumulated
during the time it has been in existence. Models,
&c., to the value of 4000r5., have been sent out by
the Court of Directors, and a sum of 6000r5., also
given by that body, has been sent to Genoa,
Florence, Paris, and Scotland, to procure models,
dtc., for the use of the pupils. There were 70 pupils
in the School of Arts and 30 in the Industrial ; but,
owing to the distance, a falling-off Nfas anticipated in
these numbers. The native pupils lad, however,
hired conveyances to bring them to the scene of their
studies, and the society intended to have some light
conveyances, made by the pupils, for the same pur-
pose, which would also be used for the Saturday
excursions, on which occasions geology, photo-
graphy, drawing,, botany, &c., would be learned in
conjunction with the students of the Medical Col-
lege. Dr. Hunter suggested the propriety of esta-
blishing a Society of Arts among the gentlemen of
Madras to act in communication with the London
Society ; be had corresponded with that body for
the last two years, and they had strongly urged
the matter, promising iu the way of assistance to
interchange models and so forth, and to afford all
the information in their power to advance and per-
fect the working of theproject.—We have to cor-
rect an error into which we fell in our last overland
summary, in reference to the Bishop of Bombay
having drawn his thousand rupees per month as
Visitation allowances. A modification made under
the authority of Government, states that all the
visitation allowances he has claimed during his
four years term of service is 425 rs.. Though, in
point of fact, the error was very immaterial, be
having just as little claim to his bishop's salaiy
while he did no episcopal duty as to his visitation
charges, while he never visited, it is very important
to have an official intimation which affords a mea-
sure of the actual work he has performed. He
was entitled to have claimed some 24,000 rs. to
cover his travelling charges, assuming that half the
year was spent in visitation, in place of which all
he has ever drawn is 425 rs., or less than half a
month's allowances, indicating the perfect correct
ness of all the other parts of our statement. We
.heg to make a present of this piece of information
to the Chairman of the Board of Control, so that
he may have no excuse, if questioned, for stating
that no official information had reached him on the
subject. That now transmitted is direct from the
Bombay Government, and has appeared as such

EXCHANGE.—Since our last we have little or no alter-
ation to report. The China mail bringing but a small
supply of China drawn credits bas kept rates at about
our last closing,quotations, and the business done may
be quoted 2s. 11d. to' 2s. 1 9-16 d. China and first-class
credit, and 2s. lid. to 2s. lid. for documents. On Cal-
cutta we quote par, at sight, Rs. 98 at 60 days' sight, on
Madras Rs. 98 at 30 days' sight, and on China Rs. 218
at 60 days' sight.

BOMBAY MONEY MARKET-APRIL 14.
EXCHANGE.

On London—At 6 months' sight, per rs. 2s. ad. for docu-
ment bills.
At 6 months' sight, per rs. 2s. 11d. for credit
bills. -
On Calcutta—At 60 days' sight, 981 rs.
At 30 days' sight, 99 rs.
At sight, 100 rs.
On Madras—At 30 days' sight, 982 rs. nominal; at sight,
991 rs. nominal.
On China—At 60 days' sight, 216 rs.

BANK AND OTHER SHARES.
Bank of Bombay Re. 1000 ... 54 per cent. prem.
Oriental Bank Corporation 250 ... 60 nominal.
Commercial Bank .. 5OO ... ditto...

.Mercantile Bank 250 ... 260 paid, 9 dis.
London and Eastern Banking
Corporation lOOO ... 500 paid,nominal.
N. W. Bank of India, Rs. 400 each—nominal.
Agra Bank 5OO each, 38 per cent. prem.
Bank of Madras l,OOO „ 1,000,9 per cent.
Apo110 P. Corn.
Colaba P. Com.
Hydraulic P. Com paid V rs. 2,500 6,200 •
Cotton Spin. Com paid up rs. 1,000 200 pm.
Colaba L. Com. ' 10,000 ~ 8,000
Born. S. N. Com 5lO „ 400 60p.c.ds.
Or. Ind. P. R. Corn 54-8-9 paid in Bombay, or Si.
pm. in England par.
Do. New Shares paid up, 10-14-7 at 1/. per share—par.
Old and New Shares together at par.

GOVERNMENT SECURITIES.
Four per Cent. Transfer Loan... Rs. 1014 per 100 sicca.
Four per Cent. Loan of 1832-33, 92 per 100 sicca.
Ditto ditto 1835-36, 88 to 88i per 100 Co.'s.
Ditto ditto 1842-43, 88 to 884 per luo Co.'s.
New Five per Cent. loan-2 per cent. die.

PRICES OF BULLION.

Sovereigns, each
Bank of England notes
Spanish dollars

Rs. 10 4,i-161-18 nominal.
„ 101 ...... per £ nominal.
„ 232 233 per 100.

Republican dollars
German crowns

. „ 222
. „ 209 210 per 100

Sycee silver
„ 105 1(15i per 100 tolas.
Gold leaf (range of quality)
GOld ingots, according to touch
for 97 touch
FREIGHTS.

To London £3 10 to £3 12 6 per ton.

To Liverpool
To Calcutta
To China Rs. Ti to 8 per candy.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
BOMBAY.

Arrivals.—March 31—The ship Squanton, Miller, from
Boston. April I—The ship Futty Allum, Biale, from Cal-
cutta. 2—The B. S. N. Co.'s steamer Victoria, Banks,
from Kurrachee ; barque Nottingham, Robinson, from
Liverpool ; Hon. Company's steamer Napier, from Kur-
rachee ; Hon. Company's steamer Ajdaha, Lieut. Selby,
from Karrachee. 3—The ship Hyderee, Rowe, from Cal-
cutta. 4—The barque Almanson, Corbett, from Singa-
pore. s—The French barque Angelina, Blandin, from
Marseilles; ship Duke of Wellington, Campbell, from
Aden ; barque Futhe Rohoman, Nana Meva, from Singa-
pore and Colombo ; Peninsular and Oriental Company's
steamer Cadiz, Raldham, from Hong Kong; Peninsular and
Oriental Company's steamer Ganges, Bowen, from Suez.
B—The ship Childe Harold, Richardson, from Aden. 12—
The ship Swallow, Tucker, from Melbourne.
Departures.—April 3—The Peninsular and Oriental
Company's screw steam-ship Madras, Parfitt, for Aden.
4—The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer Sin-
gapore, Baker; for China ; ship Gossypitun, Sanderson, for
Liverpool • ship Queen Mab, Glendiuning, for Calcutta.
s—The ship Pelican, Melhuish, for Liverpool ' • brig Ida,
Baxter, for Mauritius. 6—The ship Cheapside, Leody,
for London, via Cannonore ' • ship Casiibelanns, Palmer, for
London. 7—The Bombay Steam Navigation Company's
steamer Bombay, Beyts, for Kurrachee; Grab brig Dada-
loy, Goolam Russool, for Penang and Singapore. B—The
American ship Ino, Plnmer, for Singapore. 11—The
French barque Jacques, Bass, for Marseilles. 12—The
ship Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy, Fitz Morris, for China. 13—
The ship Prince of Orange, Thompson, for Liverpool; ship
Lord H.ardinge, Beeby, for Liverpool.

EGYPT.

ALEXANDRIA, APRIL ,30.

Her Majesty's steam-ship Himalaya, four days
from Balaklava, and 57 hours from Constantinople,
arrived on the 25th instant, for the purpose of em-
barking the first detachment of the 12th Lancer,s
for service in the Crimea.

The regiment marched in from Baja Dawar yes-
terday, and some 380 horses and a proportionate
number of officers and troopers will be leaving to-
morrow.

The steam-transports Etna and Trent are hourly
expected for the remainder.
The British Protestant Church of St. Mark was
consecrated by the Right Rev. Dr. Gobat, Bishop
of Jerusalem, on the 25th instant.

MAY 5.

The Himalaya left, on her return to &Taklasr a,
on the 2d, conveying 19 officers, 318 troopers, and
378 horses of the 12th Lancers.

YERMOLOFF AND THE GRAND DUKE

CONSTANTINE.

war.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

(Prom the Times of this day.)
The Russian Government has formally' aenounced to
the German Powers, by M. de Glinka, the Russian En-
voy to the Frankfort. Diet, that although the Confer-
ences of Vienna have led to no definitive result for the
conclusion of peace, Russia is prepared to adhere to the
arrangement provisionally concluded on the first two
points of the negotiation, provided the States of Ger-
many persist in their resolution to remain neutral in the
contest. This declaration was hardly needed to prove
that the real object of Russia in consenting to treat for
peace at Vienna, and in professing to accept' the Four
Points, was to secure the neutrality of Germany and to
avert the danger of a European coalition against herself.
For the same reason she showed considerable alacrity
in making the necessary concessions on the subject of
the Principalities and on the navigation of the Danube,
the two points most essential to Germany ; for it is evi-
dent that whenever conditions are supported by the
united strength of Europe Russia is not able to resist
them. Eighteen months ago, and, down' to the period
of the declaration of war, it would have been thought
no inconsiderable triumph over the policy, and preten-
sions of the Cabinet of St. Petersburg to compel her not
only to evacuate the Principalities, but to relinquish
the protectorate she had acquired by treaty over those
provinces, and to place the' navigation of the Lower
Danube under the superintendence of a commission of
the great Powers. These are instalments of the terms
which it is reasonable to ask, and which we hope even-
tually to 'enforce. Russia has for the present receded
altogether from the menacing attitude she had assumed
just two years ago, and she has even assented to some
of the conditions which wi I probably form part of the
definitive treaty of peace ; but all her concessions have
been wrung from her by force and by fear, and have
therefore been made too late. She refused to recognise
the intervention of Europe. in her quarrel with Turkey
until that intervention assumed the character of hos-
tilities. She rejected the Four Points contained in
the Notes of the Bth of August until they had become
mixed up with military considerations which increased
the difficulty of a solution ; and she still continues the
petty policy of attempting to buy off her creditors one
by one, instead of entering upon a general liquidation of
their claims. Our only course in dealing with such a
Power is to take all we can get, and to persevere in the
course which has wrung so much from her until we se-
cure the remainder. Sooner or later the mere hostile
occupation of the Black Sea and the Baltic will compel
Russia to submit, and, though the process may be costly
and tedious, the progress already made in obtaining our
just demands is such as to inspire us with full confidence
that we mult ultimately accomplish all we require. Al-
though, therefore, it may suit the present temper of
Germany to declare herself satisfied with these half-con-
cessions, and to turn back from the plough to which she
has set so faint a heart and so feeble a hand, to us this
partial success is an encouragement to persevere in our
efforts, and never to desist from them on terms deroga-
tory to our own position and influence in Europe.
Assuming, however, that the future administration of
'the Danubian Principalities is to be conducted In con-
formity with the principles already adopted by the Con-
ference of Vienna, and that even Russia adheres to that
portion of the late imperfect negotiation, we are entitled
to revert with increased force to the suggestion that this
arrangement should at once be carried into effect. The
war may be indefinitely prolonged, but 'the Danubian
Principalities are no longer threatened by either belli-
gerent, though they are suffering all the' evils of a pro-
longed military occupation. It is obviously important
to the general interests of Europe, and to the welfare of
these provinces, that they should be restored to their
normal condition, and rescued from what we must term
their pres,ent anomalous and revolutionary situation.
According to the last account, Gen. Coronini, now com-
manding the Austrian forces at Bucharest, has actually
proclaimed martial law, which is, in other words, to as-
sume, on behalf of the,Austrian military authorities, an
arbitrary and supreme command over the country. The
Wallachian people are so little accustomed to resist op-
pression in any shape, and so utterly powerless in the
hands of their masters, that it is impossible to justify
such a measure by any political necessity. We assert on
the contrary, that this act is a direct violation of the
treaty of the 14th of June, 1854, between the Emperor
of Austria and the Porte. By the third article of that
treaty the Court of Vienna contracted a positive engage-
ment to restore, in concert with the Ottoman Porte, as
far as possible, the legal state of things in the Princi-
palities. Can it be contended that by way of restoring a
legal state of things in a country occupied by the troops
of an allied power for a particular purpose the general
•
commanding these troops is entitled to proclaim martial
law—that is, to supersede all the established authorities
of the State by his own foreign military authority? It is
a mere abuse of force, subversive of all law and govern-
ment, and the more reprehensible, inasmuch as this oc-
cupation was 'the result of a compact alliance between
Austria and the Porte. Among other things that treaty
expressly provided that, in the event of the occupation
taking place, "the commander of the Imperial army
would enforce the strictest discipline of the troops, and
that the property, laws, public worship, and customs of
the country should be respected." Have these conditions
been observed ? On the contrary, many of the regiment..
sent on this service are Croats, whose conduct has been
to the last degree offensive, disorderly, and tyrannical.
Men of eminence have been driven from the country
without a pretence and without form of trial. The ad-
ministration has been kept forthe most part in the hands
of the same individuals who served the Russians, and
would serve them again. Prince Stirbey has evaded the
promised inquiry into his conduct ; nothing has
resulted from the Mixed Commission which was to
sit at Vienna on the affairs of the Principalities ;
and it is probable that the scandalous confusion of the
Government may be the reason alleged by General
Coronini to justify the proclamation of martial law. But
such a state of things is destructive to the provinces,
injurious to the Porte, and discreditable to Austria.
The remedy is to be found in the immediate reconstitu-
tion of the government in its definitive form, so as to
substitute legal order for martial law, and constituted
authority for foreign occupation. The Porte and its
allies have a right to expect the assent of the Court of
Vienna to such a proposition, for it is identical with the
engagement of an existing treaty ; Russia herself bas
accepted the principle of this arrangement, and it would
be prudent for France and England to require from
Austria some categorical statement of her intentions on
this subject. As long ago as last session we think that
papers were promised to be laid before Parliament with
reference to this occupation, and it would be desirable
to ascertain from Mr. Colquhoun's reports what mea-
sures have been taken to restore the legal government
and to correct the gross -abuses of the former adminis-
tration. We are also entitled to ask on what grounds
and by whose authority this declaration of martial law
in the Principalities has been made, for, unless it has
been done with the consent of the Porte, it is a mere act
of violence, not more justifiable thisi4the original Russian
invasion. The continuance of this state of things is
only the prolongation of those evils which were the most
direct causes of the war ; to terminate it is the first step
towards peace.
It is true that Russia has artfully affected to make
her recognition of this principle depend on the neutrality
of Germany ; but, in fact, if Germany ceased to be
neutral, Russia would only be ,the more compelled to
respect it. The neutrality of Germany does not depend
on any such consideration. It is the result of the in-
veterate divisions and jealousies which divide the Con-
federation, of Russian influence over the minor Courts,
and of the want of genuine resolution and purposelike
energy among the people ;, insomuch that, until a mate-
rial change has come over the policy of those rulers and
e spirit of the nation, we have, lost all confidence iu

their- support: Germany bad last year ,a magnificent
nart to play in the affairs of Europe, for, united with
he Western Powers, she mi,ht at once have checked
e ascent ancy of Russia, and terminated the evils of
She proved, however, altogether unequal to the
occasion, and even the Court of Vienna has been para-
lysed far more by the intrigues of her own confederates
than by the hostile influence of Russia. The policy and
operations of the WeStern Powers have at no time been
made to depend' on these precarious adherents, and,.,
though
.we acknowledge the importance the Germat,
States would immediately acquire by action, their neu•
tiality and their passiv.. condition virtually obliterates
them from the political map of Europe.

(From the Daily News of this day.)
East Anglia is the first of the English provinces to,
follow the example set by London in the agitation for
Administrative Retorm. That peninsula, extending be-
tween the German Ocean and the feh-lands, has long
been distinguished by its devotion to liberal and enlight-
ened sentiments. It was the country of the awesGresh
tns,
the founders of our English financial system. tthe country of the Bacons ; and those who are familiar
with the anbals of the Commonwealth know what effec-
tive service was rendered in the development of our
conititution by more than one kinsman of the sage of
Vernlam. It was the country of the Cokes—of the
family to which we owe the greatest lutninary of our
municipal law, and one of the sternest asserters of the
people's liberties. It is from this district England re-
ceived her Walpoles and Wyndhams.
al In later timesher
,
it has given England her greatest navior,
most influential promoter of agricultural improvement,
her Gurneys, and her Frys. It isno mere accident that has
'rendered the East Anglian peninsula so fertile in valuable
citizens. Its contiguity to the Netherlands tended to make
4
it one of the earliest seats of English manufactures. The
a city
of
opprt'ssions of the Spaniard led to its becoming
refuwo for the sliilled and industrious Hollanders and
Prat miters. The principles of the Reformation, and dthe
virti tes which spring from 'regulated industry, struck
r eat
their men.
fei.
early' and abiding root in East Anglia
who co that province produced towered The
above g
tows :, because their characters were formed in a society
in a kivance of that which
evirnas to be found in most other
Hmed
dist ;ricts of England. in as it was, before the
era of railways, between the sea and the fen-lands,'East
Anglia long retained
N.
wore asoning boors
And" theythe m
featuresare remarkably
of and still retainamuch of its.pristine
char aster. The men of
Norfolk and Suffolk are not the
of
freeerely agricultural districts,
from some'of the less
plea; ring eitis
ofgoodourmanufacturing populations of the
nort li.
omen for the administrative reform
mov lament that this truly English class of Englishmen