The Sun.
London, England, 1855-10-30 00:00:00

E g upir4 LONDON* TUESDAY

drunk and disorderly at least 150 times in OA course cf
the last 12 years. She is the wife of a gentleman hold-
ing a responsible and lucrative situation in one of the
docks, and the mother of a family. Her husband, not-
withstanding her dissipation and disorderly habits,
allowed her 12s. per week for her maintenance for many
years. She has been an occasional inmate of the
workhouse for the last two years, and has repeatedly
refused to do the work allotted to her, and on
Sunday she refused to attend divine service in Wapping
Church, adjoining the workhouse, on the ground that
she was too young, and that religion was only for the
old people in the house. Yesterday she refused to do
any work. The charge against Marney was that she
was sent out yesterday morning to register the birth of
an Irish woman, and returned in the evening intoxi-
cated. She was dancing and making a noise in part of
the workhouse for some time, and when admitted abused
the Poor-Law Commissioners, the Board of Guardians,
the master of the workhouse, and, as a climax, the porter
himself. She then went into a room, and jumped out
of the window into the street. She was brought back
to the house, and the porter endeavoured to force her
into her own room, when she seized his arm with
her teeth and bit him severely. The porter in
the course of his evidence said that Mrs. Marney was
the most " obstropoloua" woman in the house, and had
been passed to Ireland three times, but would not go,
and that she had attempted suicide repeatedly. With
regard to Collyer, he had three indictments against her
for drunkenness.
Mr. Yardley said the porter was a good-natured man,
and always gave his evidence very fairly; but he made
use of strange terms. He fined Marney 295. for the
assault, and sentenced Collyer to eight days' imprison-
ment and hard labour.

SOME OF THE BEROES OF KARS.

The heroic defence of Kars', whatever may he the
ultimate fate of its brave but neglected garrison, will re-
main one of the bii,4htest episodes of the present War.
The devotion and fortitude displayed by the few thou-
sand Turkish soldiers behind the earthworks of Kars
I offer a strong testimony in favour of the patriotism and
soldier-like qualities of the Ottoman race, and will re-
deem it in the eyes of the world from much of the
indiscriminate and often unjust abuse that has lately
been lavished upon it. The defence of Kars, with that of
Silistria, will descend to posterity not alone for the
military virtues which those events called to light,
bnt also for the great political interests involved therein.
The fall of Silistria would have afforded a "point
d'appni" for the Russians on the Danube ; that of
Kara would have resulted in the capture or
lation of the Asiatic army of the Sultan, and in the
triumph of Russian prestige in the East. The defence
of Kara will not, perhaps, be deemed of the same im-
portance as that of Silistria, but with injustice, for the
difficulties overcome by the garrison of the Asiatic town
equalled, if they did not surpass, those triumphed over
by the gallant soldiers of Mussa Pacha. True, the
Russian army which assailed the redoubts of Silistria
was inure numerous than the one whose recent defeat
we have signalised ; but that army was commanded by
officers in whom professional jealousy overcame even
the dictates of duty. Shilders, Ludera, Liprandi, Pas-
kiewitch, and a score of the most notable generals in
the Russian service fought before Silistria, not so much
for the interests of their sovereign as for the realisation
and triumph of their own peculiar strategical views.
Before Kars commanded one man who is recognised
with justice to be the first tactician of the empire ; and
the dispositions he took upon the day of the assault have
confirmed rather than belied that decision. The gai ri-
sen of Silistria was maintained by the hope of approach-
ing relief either from the allies or from Omer Pacha.
The troops at Kars were, on the contrary, hopeless and
sacrificed. Deserted by their Government, reduced to
the greatest straits, shoeless, tormented by the,paugs of
hunger, and with a pay three years in arrear, did these
gallant fellows still continue to struggle, and well have
their sufferings been repaid by the triumph of the 29th
of September. Everything had conspired against this
handful of neglected soldiers, who bad not even the
prestige of former successes to sustain them in the hour
of trial. Facing them, on the contrary, were the batta-
lions that had routed them in two successive campaigns
and who, elated with former successes, advanced to the
assault with an excusable though fatal confidence. In
a word, the triumphant repulse by the Turkish garrison
in Kars of the troops of General Mouravieff merits the ,
greatest praise, and commends the Ottomaa troops to
our respect and sympathy.
We would not for asssrlds detract one single particle
from the merits of the Turkish soldiers who fought at
Kars, and the victory they achieved was the result of
their obstinate courage and fortitude. At the same time
the greatest praise is due to the officers who commanded
on that eventful day, who had directed the defence, who
by their noble example sustained the patience of the
troops when oppressed by famine and pestilence, and
who finally led them to victory. Properly commanded
the Turkish soldiers are second to none, and under a
general who has obtained their respect and confidence
they would, with the introduction of a more perfect state
of discipline, prove irresistible. This confidence had
been gained by the Europeans in Kars, and to that sen-
timent do we partially ascribe the happy issue of that
fearful day. The Muchir or commander-in-Chief of the
Anatolian army is Vassif Pacha. The second in com-
mand is Abdul Kerim Pacha. The adviser of the
Muchir, and, in fact, the virtual commander-in-chief, is
General Williams, assisted by a small staff of English
officers. The chief of the staff is General Colmann, or
Fezzi Bey, while General Kmeti commands the infantry
charged with the defence of the redoubts. These are the
commanders to whom Turkey and her allies owe a heavy
debt of gratitude. . _ _

Vassif Pacha, the muchir, is an aged and experienced
commander, very much respected in Turkey, and en-
dowed with a tractable and conciliatory disposition. He
willingly accepted the advice which the knowledge and
talents of General Williams offered, and thus presented
a marked contrast to his colleagues, who viewed in the
adoption of a European's opinion the sacrifice of their
petty dignity. The excellent feeling which exists be-
tween our countrymen and Vassif Pacha is most credit-
able to both parties, and might in many quarters be ac-
cepted as an example.
Abdul Kerim Pacha, the reis, or second in command,
is likewise an experienced officer, not, however, pos-
sessed of any very brilliant scientific attainments, but
distingui4hed for great personal courage and popularity.
In the battle of Kuredere, which terminated the past
fatal campaign, Kerim Pacha displayed great gallantry,
and increased still further his personal popularity with
the army. Before the present war Kerim had distin-
guished himself against the Kurds and Arabs in the
various risings of those unruly tribes. The age of this
officer, his venerable white heard, and unpretending
manners, have endeared him to the troops, and he is one
of the few native Pashas in whom the soldiers place their
confidence.

General Williams is one of the most distinguished
officers in the British service, and as a diplomatist, a
scientific engineer, or a military commander he is equally
pre-eminent. After the disastrous termination of last
year's campaign in Anatolia, General Williams was
despatched to the seat of war in Asia, to lend his expe-
rience and energy to the baffled Turks. The choice
of government could not have been more satisfactory,
for not only was the general, then Colonel Williams,
perfectly acquainted with the language, the peculiar
views, and prejudices of the Turks, but likewise with
the ground where be was to acquire increased military
reputation. Some years ago Colonel Williams, assisted
by the Hon. Mr. Curzon, the talented author of " The
Monasteries of the Levant," was appointed by the British
Government to regulate the frontiers of Turkey and
Russia in Asia. For a considerable length of time Col.
Williams resided in Erzeroum and on the disputed terri-
tory where he acquired the icsight into the Turkish cha-
racter which he has since employed so advantageously.
The gallant officer, by his conciliatory disposition, earned
the respect and good-will of the Turkish authorities and
population ; it was, therefore, with unfeigned satisfaction
that his nomination to the responsible post he now occu-
pies was received by the inhabitants of Anatolia, to whom
his name and character were perfectly familiar. On arriv-
ing at Erzeroum lest autumn General Williams found the
army iu the greatest disorder. me peculation of the native
authorities had reached a height perfectly unprecedented
even in venal Turkey, and thus the misery of the defeated
army was aggravated. The representations of the ge-
neral were successful, and the offenders were detected
and removed from the army. The command in chief
was entrusted to Vassif Pacha, who approved of all the
measures of reform in the army proposed by our coun-
tryman. In a short time, a little discipline was intro-
duced into the Anatolian corps, whilst Erzeroum was
surrounded by a series of earthworks, which placed it
beyond the danger of a coup-de-main. General Williams
was assisted in this labour by a most intelligent Roman
efficer, Colonel Callandrelli, whose death by cholera at
Erzeroum we had recently occasion to allude to. In the
spring the Ottoman army marched to Kars, which had
contained merely a small garrison during the severe win-
ter months. The fortifications of Kars were increased,
and the heights which surround it covered with earth-
works. When General Mouravieff advanced from Gumri
and encamped before Kars, General Williams adopted
every measure which could tend to increase the means
of resistance in the power of the garrison. He collected
supplies until the blockade of the Russians was com-
pletely established, and carefully avoided accepting an
engagement in the open field, where the superior discip-
line of the Russian army would have shown to advan-
tage. In vain did the general despatch messenger after
messenger to Constantinople, to awaken the Govern-
ment to a sense of the danger which menaced the Asiatic
possession of the Sultan. His representations were fruit-
less ; the eyes of Turkey and of the allies were directed
firmly on Sebastopol and Kars was sacrificed. Thus re-
duced to his own resources, General Williams calmly
awaited the day when approaching winter would com-
pel the enemy to attempt a decisive blow, or when star-
vation would necessitate an honourable capitulation.
The supplies of provisions had been long exhausted, the
troops had been reduced to consume the horses of the
cavalry, and the most horrible fate stared the garrison
in the face, when, animated by the bravery of their
leaders, the Turkish army, with one supreme effort,
dashed back the determined assault of General Moura-
vieff. General Williams has been zealously assisted dur-
ing the trying events of the present siege by his young
aide-de-camp, Major Teesdale, by Col. Lake, an artil-
lery officer, who superintended the construction of the
more recent tabias raised by the garrison, and by Capt.
Thompson, of the East India Company's service.
General Kineti (Ismail Pacha) was, according to all
accounts, the hero of the day in the late terrible struggle
before Kars. To him was confided the defence of the po-
sition which was the key to the place, and whose fall
would have sealed the late of Anatolia. Three times
were the Russian columns in possession of the " Ingliz
table," and three successive times did Kmeti drive them.
out at the point of the bayonet. To this brilliant ex-
ample, and, above all, to the confidence which his noble
qualities inspired in the Turkish soldier, are mainly due
the salvation of Kars. General Kmeti was one of the
most distinguished, as he certainly was the most patrio-
tic and single-minded, of the Hungarian commanders in
their memorable struggle for national independence.
He attached his fortunes to glorious old Bern, nursed
that warrior in his dying hours, and closed his eyes in
distant Damascus. At the commencement of the war
Kmeti was despatched to the army of Anatolia, where
he sought and obtained the command of the Bashi-Ba-
zouk corps. He succeeded in reducing those irregular
savages to a species of order, and inspired them with the
greatest confidence in his gallantry and ability. Kmeti
was from the commencement the most popular man in
the Ottoman army. His handsome, soldier-like face
commanded respect ; and the brilliancy of his courage,
apart from his former splendid antecedent-, rendered
him the object of universal goodwill. At the head of the
Bashi-Bazouks Kmeti performed several brilliant ex-
ploits ; and at the fatal battle of Kurekdere he took the
command of a brigade of regular troops, and his regi-
ments were the only ones that sustained on that day the
shock of the enemy. General Williams was not long in
discovering the sterling qualities of Kmeti, and entrusted
to him in the late struggle the post of honour and dan-
ger. General Kmeti has ever declined mixing in the
political squabbles of his exiled countrymen, and when
living in England he earned the esteem and goodwill of
all.
General Colmann, who planned the defensive works
of Kars, is one of the most talented engineering officers
alive. He is chief of the staff of the Anatolian army,
and fulfilled the same factions in the Hungarian war.
Colmann is much beloved by the Turks, over whom he
has acquired a singular influence. He is, like Kmeti,
in the vigour of manhood, having scarcely passed his
fortieth year.
In planning the attack of the 29th, Gen. Mouravieff