The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1820-11-04 00:00:00

EFATE OF THE NATION.

Congress will Wert ou Ike 13th of November, and it ad-'
di iou to the -state of our foreign oast hors, as counseled with
Spain and Feature, u is ant icipoted that our internal concersio;
will occupy mu iticouriatrable portiott of lime sod attentios.;
Questions relative to commerce and manufactures, have bees
agitated without iuterusissioa since the adjournment of Con-
grees; and so much has been already said WI these subjects,
that they eau be disposed of withoot much all bate or delay.
The state of the Treasury, however, cannot fail to excite
immediate otteutiou. It is supposed that a ffificit will he
exhibited of several millious of dollars, and three alters a.
fives will be presented to Coulter es to rrplenish the public
curers, viz. new loan*, retrenchment, aud direct lazes.
Whir k of the three will he preferred by the Secretary of the_
Treasury, or whether bar will recommend either, we are
of course unable to say. On the one baud, Conmess is
supposed to he capable of adopting efficient measures
ou the subject ; sad en the other, it is said, that the
Secretary of the Treasury is in duty bound to make his
suggestion., as to the most feasible mode of improving
the public revenue. As to retreat-Inns et in the natioual ex-
penditures, that only can relate to the army and navy; for
the expenses of our foreign relations aud for subordowate
offijs cis, are too limited to require suttee ; and site faith awl
justice of the nation are pledged fur the integrity of SA
Pension List. The proposed resilient)* of the army, iss-
volves very important cousiderations. We bate scarcely
7,000 men to garrison no less than eighty posts awl foittfica-
lions—to predict our frontiers from immediate danger—to
be stationt d ass the borders—to watch the movetueuts of a
powerful and jealous rival--to gustil the sea board—to look
after the laminas—do foam the elements of stew armies iu
the event of a war. For a nation of tea or twelve miltiorrs—
fur a territory so very xtensive—and for deal oo i ( I such as
we have reason to believe our country will attain, au army of
7,0110 men cannot bear further reduction.
The economy whirls gurrus the W. r IClepartment omits
particular notice. la three years, a milliou and • half of
dollars have bees @avid, and the organisation of she Commis-
swim Llepartment is still a greater saviug to the
Under thee. circurostauces, we carrot perceive how $ ar
little army is to be approached with may thing like safety.
It dors appear that 7,51(151 men would be actually required to
keep in proper order the vas Mos fortifications sod military
posts throughout the Illuited States. These have beets very
costly to the tuition ; they are ruseeldible of decay, end if
permitted to WI to pieces, their 'quites will be more expen-
sive the, the small number of mete required to keep them is
good order. The troops, it should also be recollected, are
usefully employed oar military Mad!, its CI. snug the face of
the mousey, in improving the wilderness, sod iu such
labours ou fortificatiossa as will tend to facilitate the asthma'
uperatious in the eveut of uew wars. It is possible that
some further redact's/us rosy be contemplated its the Staff
of the army.
With respect to the navy, whatever difference of opiaion
prevails as to WWI eaparditores, Starve is very little division
of sentiment on the question of • spirited support aud pro-
tection to the navy : it is emphatically the favourite of the
people, the socceseful armories of our rights, sail the sorrel
goarantee of future beiselits--if will preserve peace with
foreign nations, and that alone will justify the coolussiauce
of the usual appropeiatione for its support; beside., the
preseut agitated stale of Swope may lead to resells re.

risitlng of wlO be prepared 14 say Piste Of thing. Thege
if Unit, shrrifirre, sn hr ge,esed by ewtholonewts srm)
navy exponlitares; and hereafter we %halt lake nerawou
eXagitiwil the garrison of Neu Luaus ur Tssss.—(\'a►io..u/
Adiveofe )

COPT OF A LETTER RECktVaD FROM THE 11101:a
OF TUC •SitiRICAN CuNstil. AT. 41.:110.1, DAILD
15T111 AUUUST, 1821/.
" Ere ill. anselms you, you rill, no doubt, hove reeeivid
the °Mem! Decree of the French tiovc ensued', for rattrot•t -
vailiNg the Act if &ogress s.f 15ih Amy last, aiit;nemi;: a
set, tonnage ditty, kc. jgr, A. Ibis Dtcree has lowa . v:•
deafly etifoeced by • spirit of retaliator. if not . f resent.
mewl, we are rather apprehensive here that mei...fres tho •
tore clinl may lend to aggravate, e that. ruminate an
remove the causes which occasioned them it,. syaleur of
restriction hawing permitted with France. we itt.ght
rearuaahly •it meted n relaxations too her part, but orsicari of
which we find Iser rigidly p. Ma. clue ; assil as 11.. th
appear to he reciprocally teoacturre f their r:glirs in :h a
partienlar, it would seem that neither per.. lie •
outs to abandon their positiuns, how. err uppu. 1-no the tit r-
ment fur amicable adjoanteut may he. Dario.: In- vai•i
nuance or ibis stale of filings, ilic enormous totoopzr
imposed tau resorts of both 0000 .roar rrcessarity prolitict
Neater direct isrirriourae Muerte them, which will nu-
fatally suggest the expeibency of resorting to induce, 'ban.
rah for the attainment of this must lucrative and bi.thly
important breach of C1111:11ar rre. Lest you., like a great
POatiOa of the mitorbants of the I.ll4lll'4lSlafra, should not
have made yourself acqrsiuteri with the extesoove ini-
portsvcr of lists great commercial mini' Mtn, we *lraq
here attempt to point out a few of its many pecu'iar se-
Snorers, peeparafury to rose reeouimi oolong II as ohm
most eligible position hum wheat? Ilits gent r.. 1
in-
terchange of commodities may be effected. Grout', 1118
the capital of the Ligurian ro public (but row •itaelied
to the dominions of his Sardimau Majesty), ha. ever heed
vlebrated fur its beanttfol situation, and magtotfier-..1
!mailings, as well es for the aches. and Inca conimen-
eal city in the Merlitetranrars. It possesses a very 5..0.e
awl commodious hatbour, with depth of water sufficitut foe
the largest ships .1 the but:. Its Silallll4lll being to the rew-
ire of the Mediterranean. an 4 directly la the viciusty of
south of Fraser, reuders it not only the nowt accessint,-
pot t to Marseilles, for the supply of that rich section
country, and its many manufactories, but oft•rds an /5.9
communication with ilve la van., Adriatie, Italia,,, sod Smi•
Irish !mita, with all of carries on a very rittenstve
and advantageous traflir. In addition to the lin:neon con-
sumption of the state and rlornimuns of his Stickman 31.-
jesty, which are now said to contain Ave miliiurs of sown.,
it supplies all the interim of Lombardy, Steitz Hand, and
their reighliniurieg countries, • ith the desired cumnsoiliii.
and Insuries of life. Ileuce you may tr.:raceme the Tian.
titles of American and cottonsl productiors imported beer
must be immense. The articles of tohoecto, cumin, cod
isiclipt, and hides, are much cow:until beer, and must gen..
tally meet with quick and profitable sales. Co losials of
retry description always d.unindeil. The exports sue of
great sanely sad intim use extern, for besides the Levant
goods remitted lure in remittance, the produce soil maku •
facture of the country form very importer* branches of use
trails.. The pancipal articles are sweet olive oil and simp,
the qualities of which are touch sap,. Me and cheep. titers
at Leghorn or Marseilles. Fruits, (teat, dried, and pee-
served, In great abundance. Porkies, of capers, and
anchovies. Silks,- dame Its, intim, and velvet., she met
esteemed in Europe. Pap. rof every quality and J•suo 'p-
ilau. Rags, mai bier, witrweht and rim fought Mal 111., all
chininey•picces, statues, and alabaster ma'am-ht., with ..
great *witty Outlier articles. well adapted fur the Ameries
and West Indio markets. The mantels here offer, at ail
times, gireattr inducements than Omar of Leehorn and Mar-
seilles, as in conistquence of the importations hence, dire, t
frum America, being less fre.prent than al ilone pmts. 0.-
den are &circuity seta hum this for the purchase of ?Mite
cargoes, either fur speculation, or fot Ilse supply of the in-
terior, which must clearly prove the arlyautaires that would
result from shipments direct from the Gaited States.
Exchanges with all the capital cities in &trim., and 'batik
business, is another very cousiderehle lowish of our CUM -
mace ; failures are very rare, and our bookers are of sue,
solidity, as to Wake their cornsposocknee univerally courted.
In short, possessing a free port, where we can laud and se!l
all kinds of goods (ice of duty, with the benefit of transit,
nr flee export fur the same, as well as for the general pro-
ductions and m tutifacieres of the country, Genoa must,
fount her many p crliar awl very superior advantages,
liVal all her neighbouring purls, suit become the great
emporium of the Mediterranean.
By the late acquisition of all the Genoese dominion., Iris
Sardinian Majesty Mss become • very crousolerable poteutate.
Hi. ~,,,,y of regular.' may he estimated at smut less than
80,000 area, all fine discipliw.dlllloll2. HIS natty, winch lie
appears very ambitious to increase, consias now of iw-,
81's' Iwo fine frigates, six corvettes, 15 row genies, said
one 74 on the stocks.

EXTRACT OF A LETTER RECEIVED ON SATURDAY

MORNING, BY WAY OF UOSTON,

Coated States ship Hornet, Island of
Bonavista, August '27, 1820.
" Ou our arrival at Sierra Leone, we learned the painful
intelligence that all oa► colang, except out may, had (*lieu
• sacrifice so the unhealthiness of the climate. As she oh.
jetl of oar sleet was to sue and learn the eitisation of I?I
colony, Captain Read thought it was most prude's not so
proceed so Shei bro. Our slay at Sierra Leone was four day.,
three of which we experienced as incessant torrent of rain
night and day. Tb• *illy troy to prese►ve the c►ew as ho
help them in a r.late of uudity during the tour of slay. And,
thanks be to God, we all enjoyed Koud health. We caw ISt!
Cyane at the island of Te•erlffe, she officers and crew ws-re
pretty well. She intends retuning to the coast after the
rainy season and cruise six mouths. She has made au mule
captures. She left • malt schuoaer off Sh.rtsro, luring her
absence, comistaded by Mr. Tuwashead, one of the mid-
ithipnieu, mid, sad to tell, be himself sad all his crew have
shored the same dissevers., fate of pour Bacon and his coiu•y.
" We leave this Ishday le cruise a short time swag ette
Islands, thence we shall proceed to the West Indite, and
bum thence huge."—(Evemilig Port )

FOREIGN IN thLLIGENCE.

FRENCH PAPERS.
•
PARIS, OCTOBER .11.

The Kiug yesterday heard 11,1;111 iu tiss apart-
ments. lie afterwards gave a private audience to
the Swedish Minister.
We re.uark, sap the Constitationel. that 011
Elig!isli have been fur rouse Issue tusking consider-
able purchases of lauded property in Paris and ri
vicinity.
NAPLEt. OCTOilltit 1.2.
Last Satusday• Deputation of she NA4inliai -
liainesit pres.nted to the .King an Address in' .. -
sorer to I.is Majesty's Speech. ,Tisei'snet a gum:
gracious reception.
Ois the night of the 9th the city and the thextr,.
of Sus Caries were illuminated. The Duke r
Calabria', his brother and family, were there, a.. 1
were received with the liveliest acclamations.
Yesterday a stations vessel arrived trout Palermo,
after a passage of 34 hours, with Lieutes.aut Letisia,
Anle-de•Camp to General Pepe, nu board. This
officer has brought dispatches for li:a Royal Highs.
uess and all the Ministers. The division of tient-
ral Pepe entered Palermo on the 6th, in pursuance
of a Convention which was signed on board an
English cutter. A Provisional Junta hat-been 41a.
' pointed, of which the Prince of ?Mcrae is Pres:-

I

L

I

seat. This Jnuta is to exercise its functions until
:he arrival of a new order from his Royal High-
;Wird the Duke df Calabria.
The Prince of Campsna will exercise the font-
tio.is of Military Governor of Palermo.
Our troops have suffered little. The prisone►s
ha%e been given up. and embarked for Napier.

A private letter states, that the loss of the
P.ltrulitsos amounts to 2,200,. including old men,
women, and children, who perished by tire, since
►;le arrival of General Pepe in Palermo.
This morning his Excellency M. Borcel, Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary of
his Majesty the king of the Netherlands, had the
honour to present a letter from his Sovereign to his
Majesty the king, of which the following is •
copy :

Iliteerndw-1 have received the letter in which
purr Majesty has informed me, that, conviaced. the nits.
Miming wishes of the nation over which it has pleased
Prot, desire IO place you were it:lt:tied to obtain a Consti-
tutive, and that it is prer_inly the same as that promul-
ed'rd at Cadiz in 1812, fur the kingdom of Spain, &c. &e.
1 to thank your !113jesty (nutter communication, and
'I pray you to be persuaded of the sincere interest 1 feel in
set r) thing that can secure your happiness, and that arm.
people, rust that contributes to strengthen the friendly re.
Ist us that subsist between our States.

" I takd this opportnrnity to renew to yotir Majenty Ale
assurances of the very high consideration with which I am,
your loving Brother,

(Signet]) "Wi 11. LI AM.
" The Hamer, 4111Soptember,
." Tu hi, Majesty the King of the Two Sicilien."
The Parliament met on the sth.
The Minister of Finance said the nation was in a
flourishing state, and able to meet the expense
without new tare./
The Migter at War developed the state of the
consisting of 40,000 'troops of the line, which
mirlit he easily raised to 52.000 ; militia 219,827;
tit It: guards, 400.000; gendarmes 5,000.
A soon of 500,000 ducats (about 2,075,000
francs) was grimed for the equipment of the army.
The Parliament then heard and approved the re-
port of the !proceedings of General Pepe.

%Ise Wiwi's' 111. Lamoss.—Holiday et the Sank,
Fast ladiy awl South Sea Houses.

'l' E I? IT IS i i 1)1:E SS.

LON DON,
SATURDAY, NOVIIIBER 4, 1820.

The debate in the Home of Lords on the second
'reading of the Bill of Divorce and Degradation
was resumed yesterdwy at the usual hour in 'the
morning, and was continued through the day with
et.imation and interest. Several very important
speeches were delivered on either side, lout the pro-
greis made in collecting the sense of the House
was such as to otter rio hope that the discussion will
terminate for marry days. Earl Gitosextroit, the
E irl of Ilseessoon, and Earl GREY, declared
their intention of voting against the Bill; the Earl
of Dottouctisioee and the Earl of LIVERPOOL
spoke in favour of the measure. The Noble Lord
et the head of his MAJESTY'S Treasury had not
concluded his observations at the time of the ad-
journment of the (louse, he aril therefore probably
o-cupy some time this morning in further comment
upon the evidence.
There are many Lords in the House of whose
probable opinions up the measure now before
Al•ein, the public can by anticipation form a tole-
rably accurate conjecture. This operation is assisted
either by the official rank, the family connexions,
the avowed personal friendship to the KING, and
tie public declarations of the individual Peers, and
therefore as many of these Noble Lords rise in their
;risers, the expression of their sentiments accord-
ill with the notions previously entertained of them
by their auditory, excites no feeling of surprise.
There are others, whom long-known political at-
tachments are supposed to exercise an influence
over their judicial conduct ; but there still re-
v:ems a numerous body, eminent for public
estimation and private worth, whose words the
Meuse await with interest and listen to with
respect. Among the foremost of those stands the
Earl of HAREwOOO, who lately succeeded to the
honours of the Peerage on the death of his vener-
able father. The Noble Earl for many years sat
in the House of Commons as Lord LAICELLES,
end one of the Representatives of the populous
and wealthy county of York, and was uniformly
distiuguirhed for his steady support of the prin-
ciples which governed the political life of Mr.
PITT. MR Zealous attachment to the party now
in power was thought to merit some strong proof
of the esteem and confidence of the Ministers;
and to Lord Lsscet.r.es, therefore, was intrusted
the important charge of the Lieutenarecy of the
West Riding of Yorkshire, when Earl FrrzwiL.
Liam experienced the high displeasure of the
Servants of the Crotp, fur presuming to condemn
tl.e conduct of the Magistrates of Manchester in
attacking a peaceable body of Englishmen assem-
bled to Cireeß their opinions. Lord FIAREWOOD
carnot be supposed to forget the favours bestowed
tipou Lord LAKELLES ; but acting with timid

&vie of.coliscieutious integrity, for which even his
• pol.tical opponents have always given liiin credit, the
Not,le Lord now declares that he cannot support the
Bail. The inoti%es that guide his jut. &nein in this
particular are two• fold—the first is a defect of proof

with reference to the charges against the QUEEN ;
the second is derived from a feeling of the political
inexpediency of passing the measure. Lord HARE.
WOOD, however, while he conceives that the proof
of the charges is incomplete, evidently entertains a
notion that the QUEEN has degraded herself by
a criminal attachment. The Noble Lord enters
into no review of the evidence to chew the circum-
stances which lead him to entertain an opinion so
degrading to her MAJESTY, but it is inconceivable
how such a presumption could be admitted by a
Judge who, at the same moment, expresses his con-
' action that the evidence adduced in support of the
charges ought to be received with distrust and jea-
lousy. The crime of which the QUEEN is accused
caimot admit of divisions and distinctions. Her MA-
JESTY is either wholly guilty or wholly • ocent, and
the judgment or the Peers must he drawls from the
evidence adduced. The LORD CHANCELLOR ean-
diclly stated, that no Noble Lord who did not be-
lieve that the preamble was supported, ought to
vote fur the Bill; and with equal candour, speakiog
also in the pure spirit of British law, the Loomed
Lad further remarked, that " the QUEEN ought to
be allowed the benefit that appertaued to the
I blest subject of the realm, and should be ac-
counted as innocent until she be proved guilty."
If Lord Ilmtewoou then conceives that the
QUEEN has not been proved guilty, whence does
he derive his presumption that her MAJESTY is not
innocent ? Is it from the charge of the Arroa-
NLV-GIKNERA I. ? We fear that it is so; and
elthotsgh the LORD CHANCELLOR very justly ob.
served that " accusation should never be con-
founded with proof;" every day's experience
evinces how difficult is the task, even with men
of no ordinary minds, to divest themselves of itn-
pressiens derived from the charges of prosecu-
tors and accusers. SWIFT, who would sscrifice
every principle of honour, justice, sod deli-
cacy to the gratification of his vindictive pas.
sions, used to avow that his maxim was " to fling
dirt enough. fur be was sure that however pure the
character of his antagonist, some of it would stick."
SWIFT well understood human nature, and his ex-
perience 'told him that the weak, the wicked, the
censorious, and the merely idle, would seize upon
calomel), with avidity, and repeat it with emulous
eagerness, and that even the wiser and better part
of mankind might either never hear the refutation
of the slander, or hearing. might receive it with dis-
trust, excusing their reserve with a knowing shake
of the head, and the wretched common-place phrase
of " there must be something in it."
The Earl of HoNOUGHSIoRE replied to Lord
HAREWOOD; but with what terms shall we express
our admiration of the argumentative and luminous
speech delivered by Lord GREY, in opposition to
the Bill ? It was distinguished at once by clear-
ness sold force of reasoning, copiousness and
brilliancy of expression, accuracy and precision
in detail, with the enlarged slid comprehensive
view of the political bearings of the measure.
which become a Legislator and a Statesman.—
In the course of it lie noticed with disapprobation
ail idea winch has gone abroad. that some arrange-
ment had been formed in the House, by which the
enactments of the Bill should be initig tied, or the
measure altogether withdraws) by the Ministers of
the Crown, provided the House would consent to
a second reading of the Bill. Such a !ludo!'
he conceived to be extremely dangerous, soul
he was of opiision that if the Bill were read a
second time, it ought also to be read a third time
and passed. Lord LIVERPOOL, who followed
Lord GREY, disivowc4l all knowledge of such mi
arrangement as the Noble Earl had noticed, and
declared that he should never consent to become a
party to it.

The Pints Papers of the 31st ult. arrived last
night. Crovier and Bowan, charged with ex-
ploding a petard under the chamber window• of
the Duchess of BERRY, have been found guilty
and condemned to death. M. ltEtr, fur a libel
on General DONADIEU, has beet also found guilty,
and condemned to 17 months imprisonment, and
13.000 francs fur costs and damages. Ate article
under the head of Naples, contains a letter to the
KINN front the King of the NEVIERLANDR, ap.
proving of the constitution, mid also some interest.
Mg details respecting Palermo.
The <• me per Cent. Consuls are 75; fr.; Book
Actions 1,373 f.

A Flanders Moil arrived last night. with papers
to the 9J froin which the following is sin ex-
tract :

IBBVIMPLE, OCTOBER 27.
The following la the summary of Ike news front Batavia
up to the nth of Julie Woltcrbeek arrived
there on the Sib May. The reports which annunneed the
preparations for Ike expedition 'mains. the Sultan of Pa-
lembang, ander the command of Licuteuant•Colouurl Keer,
have been confirmed by later accounts. This officer, its
concert with Lieutenant-Colonel Riau, bas obtisimed some
advantage over the people of Palembang, the result of
11111111 ham been the capture of a large quantity of seurntrui-
ti .. and provisions, issue pieces of cannon of various sixes,
and a cuoxiderable yummy u( arum.

A replier series of New Voik Papers to the 10th last have
here recuveil at our Other, extracts hunt which will be
-found to another part of 114.1' Paper.

We have reeereed • letter from ertalllire dated
6th Sept. giving •n secutrut of the suppression of
the late attempt •t isisarrectlon by tlw 'tepees.
It tie rill was trarovil •t that date. We shall
endeavour to make room for the letter iu our
nest.—( Edintrergh Stur.)
•

The PRINCESS SOPHIA'S BIRTH-DAY.
Yesterday being the anniversary of the birtk.day
of the Princess SoPHIA, the Duchess of GLou-
cIeSTER and the Princess AUGUSTA *rut to the
temporary residence of her /Royal Highness at
Falconberg House in George-street, Hanover.
square,,,as did the Duchess of CLAKENce, to
pay their affectionate respects upon the return
of the Princess's natal day. Prince LEOPOLD
and the Duchess of KENT came to Lowing)
from Claremont for the same purport.. A num-
ber of private friends of the Princess SOPHIA
also paid their respects to her Royal High-
nisei. The Duchess of KENT afterwards visited
the Duchess of CLARENCM during the remainder
of the day at her residence in St. James's Palace.
The Princess AUGUSTA drank tea and spent
Thursday evening with the Princess Sormts, at
Falcosiberg-house.