The Sun.
London, England, 1855-11-21 00:00:00

LONDON. WEDNESDAY EVENING. NOVEMBER n, 1855.

PUBLICATIONS.

Now.ready, in 2 vols., with Portrait, 215., bound,
THE LIFE of JEANNE D'ALBERT,
QUEEN of NAVARRE, from numerous original sources, in-
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Archives Espasmoles de Simancas.
By MISS FREER,
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FRANCATELLPS MODERN COOK.
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adapted as well for the largest establishments as for the use of private
families,

London : Richard Bentley, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.

THE CABINET EDITION OF MR. RKSCOT t'S NEW WORK
his day is I üblished, 2 vols. crown Svo., with Plates, 125.,
HISTORY of the REIGN of PHILIP 11.
of SPAIN.
By WILLIAM MERLIN° PRESCOTT. ,
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NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHORESS OF "THE WIFE'S
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P OST OFFICE LONDON DIRECTORY, 1856,
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In post Bro , sewed, price One Shilling,
THE CURABILITY of CONSUMPTION ;
being a Series of Papers, presenting the most prominent and
important Practical Points in the Treatment of the Disease.
By FRANCIS 11. RAMADGE,
Fellow of the College of Physicians, late Senior Physician to the
• Royal Infirmary for Diseases of the Chest, &c.
Also, by the same Author, Price 10s. 6d.,
A TREATISE on ASTHMA and on DISEASES of the HEART.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman.

The Third Edition.—Just published, price bs., by post, tree, bs. tid.
ON TRUE & FALSE SPERMATORRrnEA,
with the View of distinguishing the Imaginary from the
Real oufferers under this disease, and Correcting of wide-spread
Errors in relation to their Treatment and Cure. From the German
of Dr. PICK FORD. With an Introduction by the Editor, containing
a complete exposure of the system of terrorism and extortion pursued
by the advertising quacks of the metropolis towards those who are
credulous enough to seek their aid.

".air. l'ickto;:ct 's known to English readers by his frequent practi-
.i contributions to German medical literature. This is the first
,•me. he informs as, that he has addressed himself to the non-medi-
a...l "ender. We trust this may not be the last, if he shall letect any
,tber equally flagrant evil which it may be In his -ower to cor-
rect."—London Medical Gazette. "The tribe of Quiet Sympathisers,'
and ' Medical Friends,' are mercilessly exposed; and if this book
could find its way into the hands of those who stiffer from the com-
olaint of which it treats, we are satisfied that many hundreds would
le saved much needless suffering of body and mind, and what Is of
ess importance, though it is that which the quacks most prize—
much money ......This volume is well qualified to put an end to the
,mpirical :system of treating Spermatoryhoaa, and to place the treat-
ment upon a more rational and physiological basis. It is, therefore,
lkely to do much good."
London: IL Ilalliere, 219, Regent-street.

Mr '
E
. XIOA N and SOUTH AMERICAN
COMPANY.
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WEDNESDAY, the 12th December, at Two o'clock precisely.
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17, Gracechurch-street, 20th N0v.,1855.

ARMY and NAVY PENSIONERS'
EMPLOYMENT SOCIETY,
22, Parliammt-street.
Patron—PRINCE ALBERT.

The Society continues to find Servants and Employes of every
description, and the public are invited to consult its Itecistry of seve-
ral hundred Pensioners, returned wounded or invalided from the
s,.at of war, with full particulars of their past lite and their capa-
bility for indlistrions occupations. The justice and gratitude oft eir
country are appeale Ito for this humble recognition. The books are
op n to all. and also lists of the men already provided for, and a
statement of the provisions made.

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Spirit of the Public Journals.

(Front the Morning Post of this day. )

We have already, more than once, directed the
attention of our readers to the source of reinforce-
ment for our army in- the Crimea derivable from
our Indian army. We shall not at present again
advert to the various irregular corps which might
advantageously be brought from their native moun-
tains to fight our battles in the Russian dominions
though we do most sincerely hope that such a mine
of military strength will not be left unworked ; but
we think it might be shown that, without diminish-
ing our European strength in India, unless to a
very limited degree, and for a very limited period,
an addition might be made to our Crimean force of
several thousands of the very finest soldiers in the
service. The Governor-General would naturally
enough objectto any more regiments being removed,
to which we answer, that we would not remove one
single regiment, nor, indeed, a single man, who
should not be almost immediately replaced. There
aro in India twenty-two regiments of the Queen's
Infantry, in first-rate condition, and averaging:, one
thousand men each. Now, the process of making
thesd regiments available for the Crimea might be
commenced at once, by giving those regiments
which have been five or six years in India second
battalions, in this fashion. Let the first battalion—
seven hundred or eight hundred strong, consisting
of picked officers and picked men, of under fourteen
years' service, or thirty-two years of age—proceed
at once, via Egypt, to the Crimea, leavinc, the resi-
due, with the colours, tratiat-wiv3.,-, oiler nttri-
butea of head-quarters, to form the second battalion,
which should remain in India,---and.bes immediately
recruited up to its full establishment by the officers
of the regiment now in England ; indeed, with a
little diligence, recruits, sufficient to make up the
second battalion to its establishment, might be for-
warded to India in the very ships which would
convey the first battalions to Suez. Thus, the regi-
ment and its prestige would remain in India. The
natives would never think of calculating about its
being a few hundreds short of its establishment, or
a disproportion of recruits—it would be almost as
formidable an instrument in the hands of the Go-
vernor-General as before, and, in six months, com-
pletely so, for military life in India is so essentially
of an exclusively military character that the re-
cruit moulds much more rapidly into a soldier than
in an English barrack. To be available for the
spring, the regiments near the several points of
embarkation—Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, Manga-
lore, and Kurrachee might be selected—and the
forty-third, sixty-fourth, seventy-fourth, and
eighty-third would at once give a formidable bri-
gade which would be ready to embark long before
transports could be procured for them, whilst their
growing second battalions would continue to re-
present them in India. These regiments are in first-
rate order ; in one of them, the eighty-third, whilst
the average age of the men is twenty-eight years
and four months, their stature reaches the enor-
mous average of five feet eight inches and three-
quarters, and it may be imagined what a body of
giants the picked men of that regiment would form

this process might be rapidly extended to the
other regimen ts in succession, and would ultimately
result in adding twenty-two battalions of picked
and seasoned soldiers to our force opposed to Rus-
sia, without materially weakening that employed
in India. It would he, however, desirable that the
recruits who replace the Crimean battalions should,
as far as possible, be quartered in healthy situa-
tions, such as Bangalore, the Neilgherries, Poona,
Kurrachee, &c. If it was not considered admissible
that this system should be extended to too many
regiinents at once, provisional battalions might be
forthwith by calling on other corps for two hun-
dred or two hundred and fifty men each to go
with their own officers, and return to their regi-
ments when their services were no longer required.
Every four regiments would thus contribute a
battalion to the war, and each might almost im-
mediately be recruited up to its full establishment,
its efficiency in the meantime having hardly been
affected at all, or the body of men already in the
Crimea might be gradually reinforced from India
until it grew into the first battalion, and the pro-
visional battalion became a brigade. And, be it re-
membered, that these men, suddenly brought from
comparatively useless inactivity into the field where
their services are most urgently required, would be
soldiers seasoned and trained in the very best school,
and under the most favourable circumstances. It
was the opinion of the late Sir Charles Naper, than
whom none understood better what a soldier should
be, that no troops were so fit to perform any ser-
vice, however arduous, as those which had been
five or six years in India, even though they had
mnoitlibtaereyn
waseng theagedliwfeitthheaynlede,nemy so exclusively
the pleasures and the duties, tahnedtiseos saenndlutdheedtrfiraolms,
of civil life. Nor must it be forgotten that the pro-
motion, so confined amongst the officers, is but due
to the men of Meeanee, Ferozeshah, Sobraon, Ali-
wal, Chilianwallah, Mooltan, and Goojerat—men
still subalterns, who .% ere lighting and winning our
battles in the East before many who are now be-
coming captains had gone to school—men, who
have claims which we say with shame have not been
sufficiently recognised, still more men who, when
called upon, will amply repay, by their services,
the tardy promotion they have so impatiently seen
extended to the young and inexperienced, though
a cruel fate has denied it to these stalwart fighters.
In fact, India has been to our army, ever since the
peace of 1815, what Algeria has been to the French
—the nursery of our soldiers—who earnestly and
resolutely make their profession the pursuit of their
lives. Many of them men of slender means, the
sons of naval and military officers, and clergymen
and professional men, in whose families the pro-
fession of arms has become almost hereditary,
make up their minds to remain all their lives in
India, and, when their regiment returns to Eng-
land, exchange into one which remains in the East,
where the superior pay and allowances enable them
to live in a degree of comfort which the scale of
pay apportioned to the English officer does not
admit of in Europe, and where they have a better
chance of seeing service than existed anywhere else,
until the present war broke out in the Crimea.
And thus has been bred a race of hardy and prac-
tised soldiers, thoroughly acquainted with their
men, devoted to their profession and inured to war;
for, even the regiments which have not been en-
gaged in India, have been employed against the
Kaffirs, or in China or Burmah. But, in fact, the
Indian army being of the nature of an army of
occupation, liable to be called on to act at any no-
tice, or no notice at all, makes soldiers naturally
without fighting. It has, however, had a good deal
of fighting during the last twelve years ; and one
result of this has been to bring_forward pre-emi-
'nently the characteristics of its individual officers,
of whom we have already seen examples in Penne-
father, Markham, and Adams ; but the war calls
for more. We hear complaints of the want of
leaders, of Generals too old, of Brigadiers yet un-
tried ; but in those of her Majesty's regiments at
this present time serving in the East Indies, there
are men, yet in the prime of life, of acknowledged
ability and experienced in warfare, who have been
tested under every circumstance of difficulty and
danger, and proved their capacity to command by
their conduct in the field ; and any one conversant
with our army in India will, we are confident,
agree with us that a material accession of strength
would accrue to any army which, by the arrange-
ment we have above suggested, should be enabled
to a
veo numberc kamongcon
Lugard, Bates, Fenwick,
n
Longden, Heatley, Carmichael, and Case, together
greve its
chiefs such men as Franks,
,
with many others, whose names will readily sug-
gest themselves to such of our readers as are ac-
quainted with the history of our army in the East
Indies.

[ADVERTISEMENT.] —We have read with much pleasure Du
Barry's report on the cure of Indigestion (Dyspepsia), Flatu-
lency; Constipation, Nervous, Bilious, and Liver Complaints,
Cough, Asthma, Consumption, and Debility, without medi-
cine, by Du Barry's Food. The following are a few extracts
which appear to merit the attention of many :—Cure No.
47,121.—., miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of Nazing Vicarage, Wal-
tham-cross, Herts ; a cure of extreme nervousness, indiges-
tion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies." Cure No.
48,314. —" Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateacro, near Liverpool;
a cure of ten years' dyspepsia and all the horrors of nervous
irritability. Cure 51,415.—Oystermouth, Swansea, 24th
August, 1853.—Bilious headaches of frequent occurrence,
which my wife had been subject to for many years, have been
removed by Du Barry's salutary Revalenta. Arabica Food.—
E. J. Bunn.. Cure 51 416. -- Gower, near Swansea,
August 21, 1853. Thirty years dreadful suffering from
rheumatism has been removed by Du Barry's delicious Reva-
lenta Arabica Food, in five weeks time.—WILLIAM
In canisters, 11b. 2s. 9d.; 21b. 48. 6d.; 51b. lie. ; 121 b. 22e
The 121 b., carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order. Barry
Du Barry & Co., 77, Regent-street, London; also at 182,
Piccadilly; 60, Gracecourch-street ; 330, and 451, Strand;
4, Cheapside ; 60 and 68, Cornhill ; 49, Bishopsgate-street;
55, Charing-cross; 54, Upper Baker-street; 63 and 150,
Oxford-street ; 89, High-street, Camden-town ; 18, Pali.
mall; 7, Pall-mail-East ; 132, New Bond-street ; 24, Mot.
comb-street ; 13, King William-street, City ; 30, Condui,
street; 21, Cockspur-street; 95, Farringdon-street ; 67, St,
Paul's Olittrcliyard ; 6, Edward-street, Portmanocsare.

TIT WHEAT CROP OF 1835.

The following letter has been addressed to a contem-
porary :—l‘ Sir,—My last letter on this subject, has been
much canvassed, and I am bound to say that the weight
of opinion among the corn factors is rather against my
estimate of the crop—more, however, as I anticipated;
in regard to the increased breadth than the acreable
produce. The question of scarcity is thus shown to arise
on a matter of fact, which would have been settled by
this time had. we possessed a system of sgricultural
statistics.
My estimate of the produce of wheat per acre was one-
tenth below an average. Mr. Sturge asks how my own
crops yield. I have tested them in Kent and in Wig-
tonshire----the south-east of England and the south-west
of Scotland—by thrashing over 50 acres, and in Kent,
on light land, I have 2G bushels an acre, arid 36 bushels,
on heavy land, in Wigtonshire. In both cases, although
the crop was generally much laid, the sample (white
wheat) is of fine quality, 641 b. and 601 b. weight. This
shows a full average, and my information from experi-
enced farmers in some other quarters is to a similar
effect. In certain districts, again, there are failures to a
considerable extent, as was stated in my former letter,
but in others there is a counterbalancing increase. It is
within my knowledge that one of the statistical divisions
of a Scotch county returns, from 2,074 acres of wheat,
7,611 bushels more this year than it did last year from
the same brew ith. Over that district the crop is reckoned
better this year by nearly four bushels an acre. That Is,
no doubt, an uncommon case, yet being not matter of
opinion, but of fact, it is worthy of note. And, if freeing
our minds from the late excitement in the corn trade, we
look back calmly to the reports from all quarters during
harvest, we shad find that the gloomy view now pre-
valent was nut held then. On the 18th of August the
Agricultural Ga.:cite published reports. from corre-
spondents in all parts of the country, 122 of whom de-
iteritne-thercrop at or above au average, while 45 con-
sider it below an average. .Nearly six weeks later, on
the 24th of September, the Mark Lane Express gave
a similar table of reports from its correspondents in
36 different Euglish counties, G 9 of whem describe
the crop at er above an average, and 20 below an
average. We have thus, from two different sources
of irtformation and extending over a period of several
weeks, a body of evidence from the wheat growers them-
selves, shewing a proportion of three to one in favour of
an average yield. Generally, the crop has been more
laid than usual ; the yield, therefore, is not iu corres-
pondence with the bulk, the weight is in many cases de-
ficient, but, making due allowance for this, I believe the
deficiency on the whole will be covered by an estimate
of 1-10th below an average crop.
My estimate of one-fourth increase of breadth under
wheat, not over last year, but over an average breadth,
is of course more open to criticism. I offered it as an
individual opinion only, and I will state the grounds
of that opinion. But let me first correct an oversight
in taking the proposed increase from the barley crop
alone, instead of from all crops grown by the farmer,
incluilinor. oats and green crops, as well as barley. It is
objected to this that rotations aro so strictly observed
as to render so large an appropriation of the land to
wheat impossible. I am of a different opinion. Drain-
age, better cultivation, and a very general use of arti-
ficial manures, have given the farmer a power of draw-
ing on his land which his predecessor, without these ad-
vantages, could not have risked. It is a plain fact that
a second corn crop in succession may now be taken any-
where on well cultivated land with the aid of a proper
dressing of guano. There is nothing impossible, nothing
even difficult in the matter. It is the cheapest and rea-
diest mode in which a farmer can turn over his capital
with advantage. It is not a system to be indefinitely
prolonged, but it may undoubtedly be resorted to for a
special object without detriment to any one. Now, what
were the circumstances of last aatutnn and spring ? We
had rising prices, and were cut off from our main sources
of foreign supply by war with Russia and bad crops in
America. There was every conceivable motive to increase
the breadth of wheat and an unusually favourable seed
time. Landlords in general were pleased that their te-
nants, who had had hard times enough in the transition
period, should have a chance at last. Tenants no doubt
might be subject to penalties, but fancy the position of
a landlord who, in a time of scarcity and high prices,
should prosecute his tenant for growing too much corn !
There was no need to break up more grass land, only to
alter the proportions of the land under tillage to the
demands of the market.

Nor w,,tild an alteration to the extent of one-fourth
involve any such serious disproportion or disturbance in
the system of management as men unaccustomed to the
detaits of farming seem to imagine. It appears from the
Agricultural Statistical Tables published last summer,
that in England and Wales (estimating the totals for the
whole country in the same proportion as the 11 counties
in which statistics were collected) there are 570,000
farmers, occupying on the average 64 acres each. Of
these 64 acres 26 are under tillage, 20 in grass, meadow,
and down, and 18 in houses, gardens, roads, fences,
commons, plantation, and waste. Of the 26 acres under
tillage there are 61 acres of wheat as the average extent
for each farmer in England. Now the influence of high
prices is universal. Every grower of wheat feels the
same impulse to avail himself of the opportunityi; and it
seems no marvellous stretch to imagine that each man
should lay an extra field to wheat. Two acres on the

average -would do more than make up the increased
breadth claimed by me. This increase is not one-fortieth

of the entire surface of England, and not even one-
seventeenth part of the laud which is regularly under
tillage.
England enjoys a better climate for the production of
wheat than Scotland or Ireland. Here, accordingly, it
is grown in a much larger proportion than oats and bar-
ley. While the breadth of wheat in England is nearly
equal to that of both oats and barley, in Ireland and
Scotland it forms but one-sixth of tbese grains. The
soil and climate of England are thus shown to be very
generally suitable for wheat, and I should therefore ex-
pect the main increase in breadth to take place in Eng-
land. But we have not yet any comparative data by
which the fact of such an increase may be shown. In
Ireland, however, the statistical returns afford a compa-
rison with previous years, and, so far as they may be
accepted as a guide, they justify my estimate. From
1849 to 1853 there was there an annually decreasing
breadth of wheat, following exactly a similar decrease in
price, till at the lowest point in 1853 it had fallen to one-
half the breadth sown in 1849. Then came a reaction
nearly as sudden. The price of wheat; which at the pre-
vious seed-time was only 323.2 d., had risen in the autumn
of 1853 to 08s., and the natural consequence was an
immediate great increase in the cultivation of this now
remunerative crop, to such an extent that in two years
there was an addition of one-third to the breadth under
wheat in Ireland. It may be that Irish farmers are
more volatile than their English neighbours. My expe-
rience of the English farmers, as a class, is, that they
are much like other people, and both capable and willing
to avail themselves of the favourable opportunity which
a high price and good seed-time placed within their reach.
Is it to be believed that that which stimulates production
in all other commodities—scarcity and high prices—is to
be unfelt by them alone ; or that a rise of 100 per cent.
in price, without any increase in the charge for the raw
material or the cost of production, should not stimulate
every effort to increase the supply T
I trust I have now made it evident that the opinion
I ventured to give was not formed without due con-
sideration. The excellence and general abundance
of the potato crop, notwithstanding partial disease, will
help to make up any deficiency of the inferior corns, and
the potato crop still forms a large item in the national
food. In Scotland the breadth of land under wheat and
potatoes is nearly equal, while in Ireland the extent of
potatoes is double that of wheat.
But while adhering to my previous estimate as to the
produce of our own crops, there can be no doubt that
prices are materially affected by the quantity said to
have been exported to make good the defective harvests
of our European neighbours. So much does this idea
prevail, that it has been recommended at some of the
late open air meetings to prohibit the export of corn. I
need not stop to argue the fallacy of such a remedy,
even if the export had been far greater than it is. But I
am enabled to show that the export of wheat is not
new trade, and though it hay increased considerably this
year over last, it is a mere fraction of the whole con-
sumption of the country, and, as will be seen from the
figures subjoined, is much more than counterbalanced
by the increased importation at the same period of this
year. The total quantity of wheat and wheat flour,
British and foreign, exported from the. United Kingdom
during the 10 weeks after harvest (12th of September to
14th of November) in each of the last two years is as
follows :

1854 1855
Qrs. Qrs.
62,588 117,983
The total quantity imported in thleBssa4me timieBwsr
Qrs.. Qrs.
217,501 412,305
62,588 117,983

Deduct exports ...

Excess of imports ... 154,913 294,322
Thus, while the imports in both years greatly
exceed the exports, it is peculiarly gratifying to
find that, after all the noise that has been made
about it, we have a balance of imports in favour of this
season amounting to 139,409 quarters, which is consider-
ably more than the whole quantity exported. Verily,
there would be little wisdom in meddling with the prin-
ciple of free trade, which has made us the entrepot of the
world, and which brings us much more than it takes
away.

The increased rate of freight from America by so much
enhances the price of corn to a country like this, which
alwaysl needs foreign supply. Though the imports into
this country since last harvest are nearly double those of
1354, they still fall short of 1852 and 1853. The late
harvest in America has hardly begun to tell neon us
yet, and other countries besides ourselves are also in that
market ; far it is not a deficient home crop so much as
a continental scarcity and increased cost of transit that
keeps up present prices. These are high, enough tc
stimulate-. the enterprise of the merchant seekng supplies
from abroad, while, to the mere speculator, a word of
caution as to the possiT)le hazard of his adventure may tend
to lessen that ignorant- competition which at times runs
up prices far beyond tl4eir natural level. A steady mare

[PRICE 4D. STAMPED ►

ket and high prices will bring out supplies from all quar-
ters, but a market running up from week to week, with
no new circumstance to account for it, leads sellers both
at home and abroad to withhold supplies in the fear of
losing the highest figure, and thus adds an artificial to a
natural scarcity. And as for the argument of !cone-
mists, that high price checks consumption and is the
natural and desirable concomitant of scarcity, that pain-
ful safeguard has been some time ago attained in the
experience of every labourer's family in the kingdom,
and there can be no doubt whatever that it will tell ma-
terially on the rate of consumption.
With all our Government institutions it is very un-
fortunate that not one of them can supply information so
precise and reliable as to guide the country in its
supply of food ; but let us at least avail ourselves of
such facts as we can get through their intervention. It
is, indeed, objected to the Gazette returns of sales of
British wheat (which I adduced in confirmation of my
estimate of this crop) that greater diligence has been
used this year than heretofore by the returning officers,
and that reliance cannot, therefore, be placed on the re-
turns as a criterion of comparison. On inquiry, I find
that to some extent this is true, but it is believed that
the addition forms no large proportion of the whole, and
that it cannot be held to affect the result in a very ma-
terial degree. The difference, whatever it may be, is
most likely compensated by the improved circumstances
of the farmer, which enable him this year to hold for a
higher price. But, granting that it has added 10 per
cent. to the quantity returned, we shall find that, even
after waking this large allowance, the sales confirm my
estimate. The following are the deliveries of wheat from
the farmers, by the Gazette returns, for the 10 weeks
(from the 15th of September to 17th of November) after
harvest, in each of the last four years :-
1852. 1853. 1854. 1855.
Qrs. Qrs. Qrs. Qrs.
1,078,559 837,429 1,252,184 1,334,527
Now, after deducting 10 per cent. from the last return,
we still find the deliveries-of this yea' etitittrto last, brie-
fourth greater than 1853, and one-tenth greater than
1852, when wheat was selling at 38s. a quarter.
While the deliveries of our own wheat are this year
equal to last, how stands the foreign supply from the
quarter we are most likely to get it—America ? The
following is the account of shipments from the United
States to this country in flour and wheat, calculated in ,
quarters, for the months of September and October :-
1854. 1855. _ _
Qre. Qre.
3,707 199,197
Looking to these facts, and the diminished itsassump-
tion caused by high prices—while admitting the scarcity
en the continent and the partial failure in some localities
at home—l would venture to advise the English far-
mer not to miss the present prices, but to sell as he gets
his crop ready. He cannot be far wrong with 80s, or
90s. a quarter, and he has the market comparatively to
himself at present. It is just possible that, by the
months of May and June, America, which has already
made a good beginning, may pour into our markets the
surplus of an abundant crap, as she has done before
when prices were far less tempting than they are now.
JAMES CAIRD.

6, Sergeants'-inn, Temple, Nov. 20.

METROPOLITAN COHMISSIOIV OF

SE WERS.

A special Court of Sewers was held yesterday at the
Court•house, Greek-street ; Mr. R. Jebb in the chair.
The Court having ordered that the combined system of
back drainage should be adopted in respect to certain
houses in Tyte's-alley, Limehouse, Mr. Roe, the engi-
neer, reported that some of the occupiers had applied
for leave to adopt the separate system ; and he informed
the Court that two of the owners had already done so,
and that the owner of No. 5 had also asked permission
to do the same. Mr. Hawes moved that the request of
the applicant ha complied with. Mr. Pascal seconded
the motion. The proposition gave rise to a discussion,
and Mr. Ward moved as an amendment, to the effect
that the original order of the Court be adhered to in re-
spect of the houses in question so far as was practic-
able without disturbing the works already done at the
houses Nos. 4 and 6. He said that the expense of drain-
ing those houses by the combined back drainage sys-
tem would be 51. each, but by allowing the present ap-
plication it would be increased to 71. for each house.
Several members gave their opinions upon the rela-
tive merits of the separate and the combined system
of drainag©, and ultimately the amendment was
agreed to, there being 5 for and 4 against it. The
chairman withheld his vote on being informed byMr. Roe
that the house No. 5 would fall in with the combined
drainage of Nos. 2 and 3. In the course of some obser-
vations which followed, Mr. Thwaites said that the
Court had already decided and recorded that wherever
it could be done the combined system of drainage should
be adopted. In answer to questions, tho chairman said
that bd. To Lord Ebrington's act pas-ed the law did not
enable the commissioners to compel persons to adopt
the system of combined back drainage ; but that act did
not confer on them the power to do so, and the general
feeling of the Court appeared to be that where separate
drainage was desirable, in that case they should proceed
under the old law, and that where combined drainage
was desirable they should resort to Lord Ebrington's
act. Mr. Ward then gave notice that at the next Court
he should bring the subject distinctly forward, with the
view of coining to a final decision upon it. On the mo-
tion of Mr. Thwaites a return was ordered of the debts
of each separate commission transferred to the Consoli-
dated Commission in 1849, showing the amount of in-
terest paid on the said debts in and since 1849 ; debts
paid off and expired since 1849 ; moneys borrowed on
security of rates since 1840 ; the total rateable value of
property assessed in each district of the former separate
commissions ; of the present rateable value of property
assessed to the present rates in each district ; and the
amount collected in each district under the several rates
levied since 1849. A return was also ordered of the
Parliamentary, legal, and engineering expenses incurred
in the year 1853 in opposing the great London draining
scheme. The following is the financial statement of the
commission : —Balance in band on the 16th November,
34,701/. Bs. ld. ; cheques drawn, but not presented,
4601. 7s. 31. ; available balance, 34,2411. Os. 10d.;
amount of deposit account, 60,0001. ; total balance,
94,2411. Os. 10d. After the transaction of some further
business of a routine character the Court adjourned.

- 7 1-'44
COVIRT ar!4fiDERMTTI 'J'4l
A41,1;‘,..w
Yesterday a court (tre first during the present mayorei- •.'b
alty) was held, for the despatch of public businest: -4-
The LORD MAYOR, on taking the chair, said—Gentle- •
men, io taking my seat in this court for the first time
since my accession to my new office, allow roe to say
teat I highly appreciate the honour which has been does
me in placing me here. During my year of office I shall
at all times be most happy to claim and to receive your
valuable assistance in the discharge of the various duties
connected therewith ; and I shall do the best in my
power to uphold the honour, dignity, and privileges of
the Court. (Hear, hear.)
VOTE OF THANKS TO THE LATE LORD MAYOR.
Alderman WILSON said he rose for the purpose of
doing that which he was free to admit was a custom,
but as such he saw no reason why it should be deviated
from in the present case. He had great pleasure in mov-
ing, "That fh-e thanke of this-Crourt be presented to Sir
Francis Graham Moon, Bart., late Lord Mayor of this
city, for the promptitude with which he convened this
court, and for the courtesy and ability with which he
presided over its deliberations ; for the impartial and
benevolent diseharge of his duties magistrate; for
the attention given and the munificence manifested by
him to the various charities of this great metropolis ; for
the graceful hospitality with which he entertained the
distinguished foreigners and other illustrious guests at
the Mansion-house; for the dignity and propriety with
which he urheld the honour of his high office on the oc-
casion of the visit to this City of her Majesty's faithful
and august friend and ally the Emperor of the French,
accompanied by her Majesty the Empress; and for his
general desire to uphold the high privileges of his office,
and to support tl e rights of his fellow-citizens. Nor can
this court fail to congratulate him upon the distinguished
favour conferred upon him by her most gracious Majesty.
This o mrt hopes that his life may be spared for many
years to enjoy such honour, and that on his retirement
from the office of Lord Mayor his services to his fellow.
citizens may be increased and prolonged."
Sir C. MARSHALL said it was with great sincerity that
he seconded the proposition of his friend Colonel (Alder-
man) Wilson, He had known the late Lord Mayor for
a great numl,er of years, and telieved him to be pos-
sessed of a feeling of peculiar kiudness towards his fel-
low-citizens. Under these circumstances -(Sir C. Mar-
shall) h )ped there would be no opposition to the prop°.
The RECORDER having put the qtestion,
Alderman COPELAND said it was at all times an ex-
ceedingly ungracious task for a mealier of the Court to
-make any eemmtnt upon the n,ual vote of thanks pros
posed t r be given to a gentleman who had just passed
the chair, but with him it had been a custom through
life openly and plainly to deal with matters brought her
fore him. Ile bad made up his ra.nd to tell his brethren
that he could not assent to the motion, and therefore,
knowing how unpleasant a task it was to discuss the
sentences of a vote of thanks like the present seriatim,
and in order to get rid of a painful discussion, he asked
the Court to send the matter to a committee, who might
prepare and bring up such a vote of thanks as they
thought necessary. He therefore moved as an amend-
ment, "That it be ref reed to the General Purposes Com-
mittee to prei a e a vote of thanks to the late Lord
Mayor.' (Hear, hear )
A derman WILSON—It is an unusual course. Should
you not give some reasons for the adoption of such a
course
Alderman COPELA.ND—Yes, I will, if necessary,
Alderman FAREBROTHER said he intended to second
the amendment of his friend Alderman Copeland, in order
that no reasons should be stated as to why the motion
should not be agreed to ; and if the different portions of
the proposed vote were to be discussed, some words
would doubtless escape the lips of members which had
better be spared, and some observations might be made
which it would be far wore to the dignity of the Court
should not be utter ed. Under these circumstances, it
was better that every word in the vote which could do
the late Lord Mayor honour, and show the respect of
the Court for him, should be used and adopted ; but he
(Alderman Farebrother) could not agree to the mo-
tion as it then stood. Hie friend had asked for a
committee, in order that the most ample justice might
be done to the late Lord Mayor, and upon that ground
alone he (Alderman Farebrother) seconded the amend-
ment.

Alderman SIDNEY said be was taken quite by surprise
at the course adopted his two senior brethren, and he
thought the court would also express their surprise at
two gentlemen, having interposed their veto to a custom
which had been almost if not entirely universal there for
centuries, and that they should attempt, without a single
word of explanation, to refer the usual vote of thanks
to a committee to prepare. He bad listened attentively,
and thought that every member of the court must have
been at an entire loss to conceive any possible objection
to the eulogiums contained in the vote of thanks, to one
iota of which neither the mover nor seconder had taken
the slightest exc-ption. (Hear, hear.) Ho did not know
why the mover and seconder of the amendment wanted
the matter referred to a committee, but as the late Lord
Mayor had filled a public position it was due to him
that he should have a public vote of thanks. Referring
it to a committee, to discuss in private points affecting
a man's public character, was a course to which he
(Alderman Sidney) was entirely opposed.
Alderman WIRE said he was utterly and entirely
taken by surprise, and had never known, since he had
been a member of the court, such a course as that sug-
gested by the mover and seconder of the amendment.
What was there to justify such a proceeding 1 If his
friend Alderman Copeland said that he was restrained
by feelings of delicacy —that he knew there was some.
thing in the vote of thanks which the court ought not to
agree to, the proper and manly course to be adopted was
not to send a roan's character to be discussed in a secret
committee, but to state openly and fairly the objections
to the vote. lie (Alderman Wire), therefore protested
against referring it to a committee to prepare a vote of
thanks, that being a secret tribunal, which in its turn
would send it back to that c, urt, when the subject would
again undergo discussion. (Hear, hear.)
Alderman WILSON, in reply, said the reason why
Aldermen Copeland and Farebrother wished the subject
referred to a committee was, because there was not a
single paragraph in the proposed vote of thanks to
which they could take exception. - = -
The RECORDER put the amendment, which was lost
by a majority of 1, there being 5 in favour of and 6
against it.
On the original question being put,
Alderman COPELAND said he had hoped he should
have been spared from making any turther observations,
but, as he bad been asked by Alderman Sidney his rea-
sons for the course he had taken, he would mention
them. (Hear, hear.) After the experience of 25 years
he (Alderman Copeland) would venture to say that he
had never known any other Lord Mayor do that which
the late Lord Mayor had done. He had seen him at-
tempt to appoint a locum tenenlin the chair during the
discussi;on of a matter of the greatest importance, and
nothing but the firm persuasion of Alderman Farebro.
ther had prevented the late Lord Mayor from leaving
the chair. (Hear, hear.) If illness or some peculiar
circumstance had arisen which necessitated the appoint-
ment of a locum, tencus he (Alderman Copeland) should
not have bad a word to say, and he defied the law off3a
cers of the corporation to search the records of the court
and see:whether such a circumstance as that had ever
before Irisen. If it had, he would be most happy and
willing o offer a most ample apology for the statement
he had, made. When the proposed vote of thanks al-
luded to the late Lord Mayor's universal attention to
the duties of his office, it was notorious as that the sun
shone at noon-day, that the great commercial interests
of the country, when they required the seal to important
documents, were unable to obtain it because the Lord
Mayor was absent from his duty. (Hear, hear.) He
had never known a chief magistrate of London during
his year of office less among his brethren than the late
one, and would anybody deny that that gentleman had
had a copy of the bill for the Reform of the Corporation
in his possession, although he had not. had the courtesy
to to communicate it to other members of the_ e
achsoen
concluded
understood
d
(Hear. hear.) If a committee were appointed,
proof
(Al-
derman Copeland) would be able to givep for the pre.
of the statement he had made, and he. woulds
question.
oinotes?tirhe
sent move as an amendment the previous
that he did not
Alderman FAREBROTHER, afters saying
of thanks to the
offer the slightest oppositio?tt:
as referred to a commit-
late Lord Mayor, so long
secthoantdinogn the
taemeetnodmperneptare the vote,.
N said
ent of a locum tenen.s, the late
Alderman WILSON
-Par important engagement to keep chi..
_The engagement was going to.
ozocrads i n
Mayorof theha
da
river. (Hear, hear, and laughter.)
where.
a arty put and oat, there bein grin
and 8 against it.
pTAhldeer
The original motion was then put and carried.
Alderman WILSON moved—" That a copy of the vote
of thanks be written on vellum, signed by the town
favour amendment
oglnth Ce
°r
clerk, and presented to the late Lord Mayor."
Sir C. MARSIILLL seconded the motion, which was.
Sir R. W.
CARDEN —I hope it will be known to the
world that the motion has been carried by a majority of
one. (Hear, hear.)
OFFICE OF GOVERNOR OF NEWGATE.
The doors of the court were closed during a very con.
siderable portion of the (lay whilst the subject of the ap-
pointment of a new governor of Newgate, by reason of
the resignation of Mr. Cope, was under discussion. On
the re-admission of the public, Mr. Weatherhead was
unanimously elected governor of that gaol.
The court adjourned.

THE AUSTRALIAN MAILS.—LIVERPOOL, TactiaapYtL;
The White Star Royal Mail-ship Mermaid,
for
delbonrne,
co
Edward Devey, sailed this aft rnoonoloofnifion, e about
with the usual mails for the Australian
250 passengers, and a very valuable call(
chandise on freight.
t 0
00ld at Paris is
Si. 17s. 10id. per
the last tariff),
PRICE OF GOLD.—The quotatoiordniir
about 5 per mills premium {according
which, at the English,t Mint posn atioenxdcobnanagte
short being
;
ounce for standard gold, give
ag6,./;1 is about 0.22 per cent, dearer
ai2nnsdL3,so,tnhidteofi
London
exchange:
bo a.i.t.nhsi
• By advices from Hamburg
which,pnuleararimocUbnucreg fotrh
aasntt atnihndeaTidEonnggdol iolsdnh
~
the price of gold 1
gives Mint
aPnri c°
exchange ,
at
short
hlo3itsl
being
nagn d1,3t.h5,e
itxlcohl follows tabtatlighomld.
Ham-
burg on London .
sTh°;lcBoupresreolef:xid:be:arnjegrepiednar't New York on London for
bills at 60 days sight is about 1081 per cent., and, the
par of exchange between England and America being
109 23-40 per cent., it follows that the exchange is nomi-
nally 1.08 per cent, against England ; but, after making
allowance for charges of transport and difference of in-
terest, the present rate leaves no profit on the transisil.
eion of gold either way betwee vs two countries.

JTJLLIEN'S CONCERTS. - ROYAL
• ITALIAN OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN. Last Week
but Three.—Fifth Night of THE FALL of SEBASTOPOL QUA-
DRILLE.—The Programme for T:IIS EVENING (Wednesday, Nov.
21) will include :—Beethoveres Overture, Egmont ; L'Enfant Pro-
digue Quadrille ; the Andante from Mendelssohn's Italian Symphony ;
Ah non Giunge, and The Forest Fairy, sung by Madame Gassier ; La
Belle du Village Valse ; Solo, Violin, by M. Stainten (his first appear-
ance this season) ; the Scherzo Presto from Beethoven's Symphony
In A (second time) ; M. Jullien's New Grand Descriptive Military
Quadrille, entitled
THE FALL OF SEli XSTOPOL,
assisted by the military Bands (fifth time) ; Grand Operatic Selection
from Les Huguenots (last time but one) ; the Katydid Polka; the
Scherzo froth Mendelssohn's Sc,tch SYraphony ;Solo, Flute, by Herr
Re'chardt ; Galop, Vivo PEmpereur, Sce.
Prices of admission :—Promenade, upper boxes, amphitheatre
stall; and amphitheatre, Is.; dress circle, 25. 6d, ; private boxes, 12s
11. Is., and 11. 1 ls. 6d. Places and private boxes may be had at the
box-ofaceof the theatre, of Mr. Mitchell, Mr. Hammond, Mr. Hook-
barn, and Messrs. Andrews, Bond-street ; and at Messrs. Jullien and
Co.'s, Regent-street.
M. Jullieffs Gr 1855 and Annual Bal Masque will take place on Men-
day, Dec. 17, .

THEATRE ROYAL, DRITRY.LANE.
Lessee, Mr. E. T. Smith.
THIS EVENING,
Will be performed AN IMPUDENT PUPPY.
After which, TWENTY MINUTES WITH A TIGER.
To be followed by NITOCRIS. Characters by Messrs. E. F. Ed-
gar, Stuart, B. Sullivan, G. Wild, C. Vincent, &c.; Miss Glyn, Mrs.
Selby, Miss De Vere, Miss Anderton, Miss Cleveland, &c.

THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMA.RKET.
Under the Management of Mr. Rnekstone.
THIS EVENING,

Will be performed GUY MANNERING. Characters by Messrs.
Villiers!, Compton, and Howe; and Miss Swanborough and Miss
Cushman.
Followed by THE LITTLE TREASURE.
To conclude with A RISS IN THE DARE.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET.
Under the Management of Mr. CHAILLTA XisAN.
TO-MORROW EVENING
Will be performed THE RIVALS.
To conclude with THE MULETEER OF TOLEDO.

THEATRE ROYAL ADELPHL

Proprietor, Mr. B. Webster.—Directress, Madame Celeste.

THIS EVENING,
Will be performed MARIE DUCANGE ; or, The Jersey Girl.
After which, the comedy of FOREIGN AFFAIRS.
To conclude with BETTY MARTIN.

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Lessee, Mr. J. H. Anderson, 13, Norfolk-street, Strand.
Increased Attractions, and saccess in equal ratio
THIS, AND EVERY EVENING, at Eight o'Clock,

Will be presented, with entirely New and Magnificent Appoint-
ments, N! and ',IYSTEitYI, in twelve acts, arranged in two
parts, by Professor Anderson.

After which, the startling illustrations of Spirit-Rapping. HALF-
AN-HOUR WITH THE SPIRITS, being the most surprising and
interesting series of experiments ever given within the walls of any
theatre.

Revival, in an improved form, of the astoundin4 novelty which
Startled London 10 years ago, the GREAT GUN TRICK !

Pfie,s of admission:—Private Boxes, U. I Is. 6cl. and U. Is. ;
Orchestra Stalls, 45.; Dress Boxes, 35.; Upper Boxes, 25.; Pit,
Is ; Gallery, 6d. No Half-price. Box-office open from 11 to 5
daily.

Gran 1 Morning Performance on Saturday Next at Two o'Clock.
Doors open at Half-past One.

rtOYAL STEM RAID THEATRE.
Under the direction of Mr: Payne.
THIS EVENING,
Will ba performol NICHOL Ai NICKLEBY.
After which, a SPA NISEI BALLET, by the Spanish Dancers.
Followed by NI rOCRIS.
To conclude with THE LADIES' CLUB.

HJYAL OLY\IPIC THEATRE,
TIM EVENING,

After which PLOT AND PASSION* Characters by Messrs.
F. Robson, Emery, G. Vining, Leslie, .f. H.-White, H. Cooper, and
Franks; and Mrs. Stirling and Miss Bromley.
Followed by CATCHING A MERMAID.
To conclude with A BLIGHTED BEING.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Lessee and Manager, Mr. Wm. Cooke.
THIS EVENING.
Mademoiselle CLEMENTINE SOULLIER, the greatest Eques-
trian Artiste in the World ! (Vide " Times," 13th Nov.)
Mr. W. Coolies Leviathan PROVINCIAL EQUESTRIAN
ESTABLISH KENT, during this week only
Also, the Spectacle, The FALL of SEBASTOPOL !
After which, the GEMS of the CIRCLE ; with the Magnificent
Act of Mile. &wilier, and the Performance of the Provincial Esta-
blishment; with other Entertainments.
t;o-o Th.e ooen from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W.
W,+'. Eqnqqtrlan Director, Mr. W. Cooke. Jun.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.

Tdrg DAY—Morn. 49 min. aft. 11—Evening 0 min. aft. 0
0-Ifonnow—Morn.l4 min.aft. 12 —Evening37 min. aft. 12

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, Nov. 21.

THERMOMETER, IN THM SHADE.
45 - highest since noon yesterday.
42 -lowest this morning and. during the night.
43 -this day, at noon.

BAUOMETEB, 29.
Wun-.—N.E.—Light, with hazy weather, but fine and
dry for the season.

'

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