The Sun.
London, England, 1855-12-26 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVEN IN 0, DECEMBER 26, 40A 5,

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NEWS.—(This Day).

El“rb- WIWI 1;
414 zi to)

SUN OFFICE, o'Clock.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE--(This Day.)

SOUTHWARK.

GROSS MISCONDUCT OF A SOLDIER.— Win. Mgrinna,
a private in the Royal Artillery, was brought before Mr.
Combo, charged with misconduct at the South-Eastern
Railway terminus, London-bridge, and assaulting the
officers in the execution of their duty.
William Field, a ticket collector in the employ of the
South-Eastern Railway Company, said that last evening
the prisoner ru,hed on the platform just as the Woolwich
train was about to start, when witness went up to him
and asked him to show his ticket. He turned in a rough
manner, and, pushing him on one side, said, " D---
you and the ticket too." Tho prisoner was then about
to climb into a first•class carriage as the train was in
motion, and on witness going up to prevent him doing
so he struck him a violent blow on the breast and
another on the face. A constable connected with the
railway then came up and removed him. The prisoner's
conduct was so violent that it created a great deal of
alarm among the passengers, and it was a miracle lie
did not fall est the rais. _

In answer to the charge, the prisoner said he was
very drunk, and wanted to got down to Woolwich last
night. He had no recollection of acting with any vio-
lence, and he was extremely sorry for what had taken
place.
Mr. Combo told him he must not be allowed to assault
the officers of a railway company i❑ such a manner
when they were in the performance of their duty, and
especially tha ticket collector, who, no doubt, had saved
his life. However, as the company did not want to
press heavily upon him, he should sentence him to pay
a fine of 20s. or 14 days' imprisonment.

LITERATURE.

Rachel Gray. A Tale founded on Fact. By Julia
Kavanagh, Author of " Nathalie," " Made-
leine," it c. Hurst and Blackett.

The authoress avows in the introduction to her
work that her purpose is "to show the intel-
lectual, the educated, the fortunate, that minds
which they are apt to slight as narrow, that lives
which they pity as moving in the straight and
gloomy paths of mediocrity, are often blessed and
graced beyond the usual lot with those lovely aspi-
rations towards better deeds and immortal things
without which life is indeed a thing of little worth,
cold and dull as a sunless day." This purpose is
ably fulfilled, and this imparts a charm and an in-
terest to the story which might not be expected from
its monotony and circumscribed limits. The atten-
tion is rivetted by the manner in which the events
aro described and the sympathy awakened by the
genuine characters brought forward. At first all
seems mean about and around the heroine ; but by
degrees, as the troubles environ and the darkne s
overshadows her, the reader may question whether,
in her steadfast endurance and noble courage, her
patience, simplicity, and charity, there wore not
the elements of the sublime and the germs of the
beautiful. Rachel Gray was not happily situated ;
and, besides, a succession of petty annoyances and
minor troubles combined to render her path full of
crosses and cares. It was not possible that one so
sensitive to neglect or insult could not feel this,
but she was sufficiently strong-minded to bear the
burden calmly, and kind hearted enough not to
resent or retaliate by anger for anger. Rachel's
only pleasure was to retire within herself.
She might with truth have exclaimed, " My mind
to me a kingdom is." She did not indulge in idle
visions, fabricating fairy palaces that could never
be inhabited, and then return depressed and dis-
gusted to the every-day concerns of the working
world. In her solitude she thought of what was
great and good, of what gave her strength for the
battle of life, and what gave her grace to contem-
plate the rest that should remain when the war-
fare was over. As time passed Rachel only appre-
ciated the more this privilege. She termed it "the
pleasures of thinking ;" " and Oh, she thought
sometimes, that people only knew the pleasures of
thinking ; and morn, and noon, and night, and
bending over her work, or sitting at peaceful twi-
light, Rachel thought, and thus she went on
through life between those two fair sisters, Thought
and Prayer." Various scenes are sketched in a
natural manner, as, for instance, Madame Rose in
her cellar, where she kindly received all those who
were worse off than herself ; Mrs. Gray, with her
cold sternness and harsh temper ; Mrs. Brown,
who was vulgar, domineering, and passionate, ap-
pear in life-like guise before us. In her peculiar
way each really cared for Rachel, and was willing
to serve her ; but it was not in the power of those
who were unwilling to curb their violence or control
their selfishness to be of any use to one so refined
and sensitive as she was. Richard Jones, with
his sorrows and misfortunes, is calculated to
attract sympathy, although obscure and humble
in his life and habits. His story is told with feel-
ing that attracts for it interest, and commands for
it respect.
" Nor grandeur hear with a disdainful smile
The short and simple annals of the poor,"

has been exclaimed by the poet ; and if all tales of
lowly life wore as earnestly and touchingly written
there would be less scorn and ridicule exhibited on
their perusal. Melancholy is the prevailing influ-
ence and tho characteristic tendency of the work,
but it is prevented from becoming morbid or ener-
vating by the resolute and vigorous influence that
pervades it. In studying Milton, Rachel Gray
found a sentiment to furnish her a text for her life :
" They also serve who only stand and wait." This
idea forms the ruling spirit of the story. It would
set forth and demonstrate that all simple lives are
not insignificant, and that the mean and lowly, to
our eyes, may contain much intrinsic merit, and
possess many sources of interest, if they aro re-
garded in the right light.

HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE
WEEK.

( Front the Report of the Reyistrar-General.)

It was shown in the last report that London had suf-
fered an increase of mortality, the effect of cold weather.
In the week that ended last Saturday, though the rigour
of the weather was not mitigated, but augmented, the
number of deaths registered was not quite equal to that
of the preceding week ; the numbers io the two perioda
having been 1,271 and 1,257. It is agreeable to experi-
ence, as well as reasonable in itself, that some, time will
elapse before the efTects of a change of temperature are
fully nianifeAcd in' the registration.
The rate of mortality which prevailed last Week ap-
proaches very nearly the average rate of London iu the
third week of December.

This return includes the deaths of 634 males and 623
females. •41 men and women died whose lives had been
prolonged to 80 years or upwards. The deaths produced
by bronchitis received a considerable accession .; for liv-
ing been 119 in each of the two previous weeks, they
rose last week to 161, of which 45 occurred to persons
under 20 years of age, aid almost exclusively infants ;
between the ages of 20 and 40 ; 39 in the period 40.6 A ;
60 at the ages 60 to 80 ; and 8 were deaths of octogena-
rians. The deaths from pneumonia or inflammation of the
lungs, amounting to 80, and falling principally among
children, are not so numerous as in some previous weeks.
Against GO from bronchitis in the period of life 60-80
years are to be set 60 from phthisis (or consumption),
which occurred in that period of greater vigour, 20 or 40
years, bring about half of the total number from this dis-
ease. Fatal cases of typhus rose from 45 to 65, of which
there were 10 in Shoreditch ; of these 10 four occurred
in Haggerstone West. Typhus, measles, hoopinnr'-comb,
And scarlatina prevail now more in the east districts
than in the other divisions of London. Four deaths from
scarlatina occurred in Hoxton Old Town. Three deaths
were registered as caused by intemperance, 4 by deli-
rium tremens, 3 by carbuncle, one by want of the neces-
saries of life.

Last week the births of 759 boys and 763 girls, in all
1,522 children, were registered in London. In the ten
corresponding weeks of the years 1845 54 the average
number was 1,434.
There was a full moon on Saturday. At the Royal
Observatory, Greenwich, the highest reading of the ba-
rometer wee 30.19 in. in the morning of Wednesday.
The mean reading of the week was 29.939 in. The mean
temperature of the week was 28.2 deg., which is 10.8
deg. below the average of the same week in 38 years.
The mean of the previous week was 321 deg. The air
was coldest on Friday and Saturday, the mean tempe-
rature on those days having been respectively 18.5 deg.,
and 17 deg. below the average. On Saturday the ther-
mometer fell to 16.9 deg., the lowest point in the week.
The highest temperature was 42 deg., and occurred on
Sunday (the 16th). The mean daily temperature
was below the average throughout the week ; and
on every day after Tuesday the extent of depres-
sion was more than 13 deg. The mean dew point
temperature was 19.2 deg., and the difference between
this and the mean air temperature was 9 deg. The
mean temperature of the water of the Thames was i)5.3
deg. The wind, which had been generally in the east,
changed on Saturday to north-east, and in the evening
to south-west. On several days the air is described by
the observer ae "remarkably dry." On Saturday night
snow fell ; the character of the weather suddenly changed,
and at midnight the temperature was 6 dog. higher than
it had been three hours before.

MORTALITY IN THE METROPOLIS
NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES REGISTERED
IN THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, DEC. 22
Zymotic Diseases
Diseasos of Uncertain Seat
Tubercular Diseases .. 173
Diseases of the Brain, Nerves and Senses
Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels 33
Diseases of the Lungs and other Organs of
Respiration 2911
Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs
of Digestion
Diseases of the Kidneys, &c.
Childbirth, Diseases of the Uterus, &c.
Diseases of the Joints, Bones, and Muscles
Diseases of the Skin, &c.
Malformations 8
Premature Birth and Debility 2B
Atrophy
Old Age
Sudden 25
Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance 73
Causes not specified

DEATHS IRON ALL CAUSES
Population Deaths in corre- Deaths
Enumerated. aponding week in tho
1851. of 1854. Week.
West Districts
North Districts 490,396
Central Districts 393,256
East Districts 485,522
South Districts

Totals
Males 634
Females 623
BIRTHS IN THE WEEK.

Males
Females..

Total .................................... 1,522

THE AFRICAN MAIL.—The departure of the African
mail packet Gambia, Commander .Rolt, is postponed
until to-day, at four o'clock p.m., when she will leave
Plymouth for Madeira and the West Coast of Africa.
CURIOUS POSITION OF A WREN'S NEST.—Two raw-
yers were cutting a log of Stettin oak, 26 inches square,
at Sunderland. About the centre of the log a large hole
was discovered, 10/1 inches in length by 7i inches in
breadth, filled with moss, feathers, ha;r, &c., and con-
taining seven birds' eggs, which, from their diminutive
size, are considered to be wren's eggs. The tree, from
its immense size, is supposed to be of about 150 years
growth. The moss forming the wren's nest was as
fresh as if it had only been pulled yesterday.—Durhaia
Cltroiticic.

NEWS FROM- RUSSIA- BY' WAY OF
:,L.

(front ete New Fork Herald:) • '
1,
Among the passengers who arrived on Friday last hy
be steamer Atlantic Was, CJI. Tal. P.-Shaffner, who has
}come direct from Russia, where he has been travelling
for the last sor 6 months. As this was his second:visit
o that country, he had. ample opportunities for obeeria-
ion and of becoming acquainted with its charadter and
condition, its resources, and the popular feeling with re-
! ard to the present war; Wherever he went he was re
eived by all classes, from the Imperial family
.to the
()West official, with the greatest hospitality, and every
itention and court-sey' were paid to him -during his
isit. Hi has been' charged by, the Englishpapers with
eing in. the pay of the Czar, and that he is bound by
ecuniary obligations to support the interests of !Russia ;
Pout the real object of thole charges, which, it irdeserv-
log of particular notice, have:been made against -nearly
ll Americans who haveCspeken favourably of Russia' is
to throw discredit on theiritatements, and by aging, 80
it() conceal the actual condition of thinga in .that cowl-
s
it,ry from the world. Their object, however,;-hashecome
ho apparent that their aconsations are entirely aisre-
karded, and the public mind in this country has, from
the frequent mis-statements, intentional or otherwise,. of
;the British press, at last come to regard their actoutit-of
the war with distrust and suspicion.
Soon after his arrival we paid a visit to Col. Shaffner,,
and in the course of a few hours' conversation with him
!obtained much interesting information in relatian to the
war, and the means at the disposal of the Czar to carry
It on. While in Russia be travelled over a distance of
:3,000 miles, visited Cronstadt, Nicholaieff, Sweaborg,
land many others of the mostimportant fortresses through-
out the empire. He was all through the northern, cen-
it.ral, and southern portions, and during his travels was
!infrequent intercourse with the nobility, as well as the
' lower classes of the population. Wherever he west it
was only necessary to introduce himself as an American,
Iwhen he was immediately greeted with the warmest wel-
come and compelled to partake of their hospitality. It
was the same with all the members of the Imperial fami y.
Before giving any of the facts which he related to us, we
;must state that there were some which he could not,
as a man of honour, make known without compromising
this character with the Russian Government, and destroy-
mg all confidence with our countrymen in their business
and personal relations. These facts relate to the nume-
rical force of the army, the strength of the forts, and the
Anancial resources of the country; in regard to which
he did not consider himself justified to enter into specific
details, although he has given sufficient to enable us to
form a pretty accurate estimate of their means and re-
sources.
The wisdom of this policy on the part of the Cz ir will
st once be perceived when contrasted with that of the
allies, whose movements are known to the Ru-sians fre-
quently before they take place. In many respects this
secrecy is attended with the greatest advantage, and,
particularly when nations are engaged in actual warfare,
cannot be too strictly enjoined upon all having business
Or official relations with them, and who are intrusted
with matters of State importance. We have stated that
Col. Shaffner was in constant intercourse with all classes
:of the people ; and as a great deal had been said about
their feeling in respect to the war, we shall begin by
giving his experience and impressions on this subject.
It has been reported that the nobility are becoming
tired of the war en account of the levies which are
made upon them for men ; and that they are begin-
ping to display their opposition to the Government
already, though in what way we have not been in-
formed. Se far, however, from this being the case,
they are among its most strenuous and ready sup-
porters, and have signified their willingness again
and again to sacrifice all their wealth before they will
consent to yield an inch. There is only one sentiment
among them, and that is a determination to carry on the
war so long as there is a rouble in the treasury or a man
to shoulder a musket. On this matter they express their
opinions pretty freely, and they appear to be based as
much upon sound reason and policy as on a feeling of
national pride or national enmity. They argue in this
way :—" Suppose we are defeated, the loss will fall more
heavily upon us than if we were to allow ourselves igno-
miniously to sue for peace. Our enemies, flushed with
victory and renewed confidence in their own strength,
would demand, as an indemnity, perhaps the fairest and
most fertile portion of our country—a portion, too, that
We fought so hard and so long to obtain. They will in-
lsist, too, on our defraying the expenses of the war with
money, and upon the relinquishment of some of our best
forts and the diminution of our navy, which they have
already expressed their determination to confine within
the narrowest limits." But there is a still stronger feel-
ing actuating them, and that is the feeling of religion,_
iivisich almost reaelleit the bounds of 'fanaticism. It is
summed up in the two wordii, their "GOil " and their
"Emperor," and exceeds, or, we should perhaps say,
stands in the place of, patriotism with thews Nothing
can exceed their zeal and devotedness in seconding the
wishes of, the Czar, or their indignation at thcsoutrages
irshieli have been committed upon their, church by, the
allied troeps,.This desecration of the churches,atXerteh -
aroused the melt intense hatred throughout Russia—a
hatred iihichii_will take Yeara'tO remove froM the "Rusr
Sian. rit fact,- so great was the excitement created there
by that the Government did not consider it politic or
prudent to Publish all 'the reported cases of outrage com-
mitted. The deeecration of their churches and the out-
ieges which liavo'been perpetrated, it is 'feared, 'if fully
known, might.iead to turbulence, and give to the war the
character of a religious fend or riot. Speaking one day
to a wealthy Russian noble about the feeling of the aris-
tocracy, he said to Colonel Shaffner that the moment•
the Czar required it his whole property in money;, serfs,
and estates, amounting to over ten millions, would be
cheerfully given up, and he himself and every member of
his family were ready to sacrifice themselves rather than
allow the allies to dictatestrMitailrussia. The general
feeling, in which the very serfs participate, is one of con-
fidence in the ultimate triumph of their country: They
believe the Czar is invincible, and that Russia can never
be defeated. Is it possible to overcome such a country,
or ie it at all probable that the Czar, with almost un-
limited resources at his command, with a nobility ready
to support him to the utmost extent of their means, and
a people who regard the war as a crusade against a sacri-
legious foe—is it probable, we say, that he will yield one
inch of his territory, or accede to a single demand which
may lower the standing of his empire, either among his
own subjects or the nations of the earth ? Upon the
means of enlistment rand transportation of provisions
various reports have been circulated, and all of them
either entirely unreliable,.or such a commingling of fact
and falsehood that it bas been almost impossible to ar-
rive at the truth. Correspondents writing from St.
Petersburg to the French and English papers state that
it is necessary to use force, in the draughting of men for
the army, and that largo bodies of serfs who have escaped
were infesting the csuntry in different parts with their
brigandage. Colonel Shaffner says there is no reliance
to be placed on these reports—that he never heard of
,a
single case in which compulsion was employed, and that,
the Russian serf enters the. ranks•chetrfully at the com-
mand of the Czar, whom he regards as God's vicegerent'
on tarth. No difficulty is experienced in executing the
orders of the Emperor, and such is the alacrity with which
they are Carried out on the one hand and submitted
to on the other that he believes, if it were left to the
free will of the serfs themselves, hundreds of thousands
of volunteers would flock to the standard of the Czar.
New levies are raised with wonderful despatch, and in,
two or three months, out of the raw material thus fur-
nished, a well-drilled, efficient, and powerful army is
formed and ready for active service. Although it may
appear somewhat unreasonable, when his state of serfs.,
Glom is considered, yet the Russian soldier has a great
deal of personal pride, and.he - shows it particularly in
perfecting himself in the use of his arms. As-to the acts
of brigandage, and in some cases even of murder, there
is no doubt that they have been committed, but not to
a.greater extent than formerly ; and that they are.corn-
mated now is not to be regarded as a proof that the
serfs are iiscontented or opposed to being sent to the
Crimea. _ .
_

The entire force of the Russian army, including that
portion of it stationed at Perekop, numbered in the
middle of Oct.last;about 250,000. These occupy different
positions along the route from Perekop to Sebastopol,
and this is so well defended by forts as to render all at-
tempts of the allies to cnt off their supplies utterly power-
less. Perekop itself is said to be so strongly protected
that it would employ the whole of the allied forces in ro•
(hieing it.

The means of transportation, contrary to the statement
of the allies, have not been cut off, nor have they.suffered
any interruption from the capture of Kertch and' he de-
struction of the " immense" quantities of grain in the
Sea of Azoff. The grain, it now appears, instead 'of be-
longing to Russia, was the property of Greek merchants,
who had offered it for sale to the Russian Government at
such an exorbitant price that they refused to purchase it.
They never received provisions in this direction, as they
have always been sent by way of Perekop. The Greek
merchants, fearing the capture of their property, it
seems, applied to the Russians for protection ; but long
before their application was made they were informed
that the Sea of Azoff would not be defended against the
allied fleets, and they were accordingly advised to take
their own counsel in time. The Russian Government,
however, although it refused to protect them, made an
appropriation of a large amount of money to sink vessels,
filled with stone, in the channel of Kertch, to prevent
the passage of the enemy's vessels. The contract for the
performance of this work was given to the Greeks them-
selves, no doubt being entertained that, as it was for
their benefit, the work would be promptly and faithfully
executed. The prospect of present gain, however, being
more powerful than the dread of approaching danger,
the Greek merchants, instead of filling the vessels with
stone, used sand, which was washed away by the cur-
rent, leaving the channel free for the passage of the
allies. As this was known at St. Petersburg, very
little sympathy, it may be supposed, was manifested for
false
the merchants, who, blinded by their avarice, and
to their agreement, had reaped the reward of their own
dishonesty.

The transportation of provisions has been so effec-
tively carried on that the Russian army in Sebastopol
has never suffered, and the commissariat has always
been well supplied. There were several occasions upon
which the soldiers were put upon reduced rations, but
these were days of fast prescribed by the church, and
which are pretty strictly observed. They are allowed
51b. of meat per week to each man, and there are two
days of abstinence from meat out of the seven, leaving
an average of 11b. per day. The provisions are ge
nerally conveyed from the Smolensk and Saratoff coun-
tries to the Crimea in waggons, which are loaded on
their return with salt. The same waggons, before the
war, went to the Crimea empty, but now they are laden

'13611-waysond make do lie I,peirTorreer proof; notwith
standin_g .thOanskitilen :of a St:. Piiterslinig,CoAtispon d en t
of the Paris Pays that the waggoners, having no employ
. ment, are conkpepedAnNtlqlv.the arniy,,,,
While travelhng lifrohgTif the _siilleal-p`rdducing dis-
ticts, enColonelShaffnbi' si6v crops WltiOi;; he ,nall; ' Were as
extensive as any that had been reaped-let'nrany years
I before; and. do slight 'has been she &alight dir the agri-
cultural pOpulatibn by the raising of .new levies .that it
will net in-the, lehst-,tiicninish the .nalt. year's :produce.
When it is, retnerdbered, , besides, thatrtbiS will have to
be kept in the country, in consequence of the allied fleet
being in:p4sessipu 0f,,a1l the. outlets, from ,the,l3lack Sea
and the .Daipie, Uwe: weuld•seem to, Ale. very, little danger
of the Russian army suffering from want of proyisiona.
The gallant- nelprottraeted defence of Sebastopol has
proved that in her fokificatinns Russia is,inferior :to ni
other country in
.the' world. CoinParitively little was
known of her system of defences' and'ap-td the laittew
months such 'places as Nieholaieff' and Sweaberg were
never heard of. In the case of Sebastopol, it is a remark-
able faet:that Isome of the principal defences were earth-
works, and.still more remarkable that, they were. found
to be more easily, defended oagainat an assault than any
other kind of fortification. Sebastopol, however, has
,
not furnished the first proof
,of this fact, for in. our war
of independence they formed the „ chief bulwarks,
against which the dogged 'courage of the Briti.sh
troops broke in vain. Vrem the battle of Bunker nil
on the heighti of which, the' patriots bad entrenched
themselves behind •a' breastwork of earth, to the last
itruggle with the retreating foe, fortifications of earth-
work were used, and trades of them may still be seen all
over the country. • Whether Todtleben is indebted to us
for this important fact, 'canna how be, determined, but
the. value of earthworks-for defence wakeetablished here
three-quarters of a century ago, . ; .: •. . ,
..The whole line of fortifications around Sebastopol:was
constructed of ,bundles of sticks, placed upright and
overlaid with earth ; and the far-famed Malakhoff was
nothingmore than a mound of earth, with a facing of
stone. Ddring the summer, however ,this earth was so
dry that it became quite friable, and when struck' by a
ball it was thrown up in a cloud 'of dust: TTncler these
circumstances it was found impoasible to repair the da-
mage done by the bombardment, and in many instances
where an assault was made the allies were repulsed, in a
hand-to-band encounter with the Russians. , This was
one of the causes which rendered the evacuation of the
southern side necessary, but it was . not the.only one.
The Russian cannon were actually worn out, and were
exploding daily, killing those who served them. Under
these circumstances Gortschakoff wrote tothetmperor
several weeks before the evacuation, informing him 6f
the particulars, and received commands that he 'should
abandon the south aide whenever he should, in hie judg-
ment, think the time had arrived. So well was it known
at St. Petersburg that the south side was to be evacuated

that it was customary for the people to inquire every
morning if the army had crossed over. The trophies which
were found by the allied army after they had captured
their dearly-earned prize, and about which they had made
such a parade, were the used-up cannon, and the pikes of
balls which they themselves fired into the city, and rfhich
theßussians hail intended to recast to the size of their own,,
guns. They also found powder, but it was some which
had been placed in the mines, and which became so dau p
that it would not explode. It is not true that they got
large quantities of clothing and provisionti, for every- '
tiring of value had been removed several days before the
evacuation. It is also worthy of notice that the
Russians had constructed three bridges instead of one,
and that, although their sick and wounded were left be-
hind, yet the Allies did not dare to prevent a portion of
them from returning to carry them over to the north side.
It has been asked how the Russianaburied their dead,
and great concern manifested to know how tiit happened ,
that a terrible plague did not break out with thousands
of unburied corpses lying within the narrow confines of a
walled city. In reply to this, we have been informed
that they did not allow their dead to lie above ground ;
that they were conveyed to the north side in boats,
which were kept constantly running every day, and
buried alongside the harbour.

Consider;ble mortification, it is true, was felt through-.
out Russia when the evacuation of the south side was
known, for it was still hoped that they might be enabled
to hold it. But if this was the feeling among the people
and the nobility they ;felt proud of the achievements of
the army, and on the Czar'n name day, Titbit:his the anni-
versary of his patron saint, and which in Russia is re•
garded as a festival, they showed, by their demeanour
and conversation, how highly they prized the faire which
had been won by theirgallant countrymen in the Crithea.
The streets were crowded with the populace, and even
the windows were thronged with spectators, midi when
the Emperor appeared in public every one seemed
anxious to show by his manner his love and devotion for
him, and his readiness to sacrifice everything for " his
God and his Czar." In all the churches prayers were
offered up for " the triumphant evacuation of the:south
side."
The Russian calculation of their entire lose,, frpqt the:.
commend-en:lent of the. war up to Oct. 1, !exclusve
those who-,have been killed in the campaigvon
Danube, is 130,000 men. This is independent also of
•
the loss in prisoners taken by the allies.
_ _

, .
The fortifications or‘Crjnattidt have been largely in-
creased d nritig the -present year, in a nticipittion ref the
threatened assault:of the English Baltic fleet. VorkMen-
were employed on them all la 4 summer, and no-expense -
has been apa,reflito render thetn impregnable. New guns.;
of greater .calihro and range have replaced the old °pea,
and the 'foundries are kept in operation. dm,And night,
forging ,rnorc... tines not look as if3l4l,9,9,vernuient
was straityngt; for Ivant, of money. Lact spar the town.
Was f irtided.onli.on one side, but /MO has been the
eroevess uvula slue° that it is now surrounded by fotts
constructed Of ire!' and. stone. The north side, which
was formerlYrthe weSkeSt, n‘ill''presentliiektar five'
new forts bristling with cannon, in addition to those that
have been atrodrereeted. When all these are com-
pleted there will be a perfect line of fortifications across
the Gulf and about-15 miles from St. Petersburg. Not
satisfied with these defences, the Archduke Constan.
tine has ordetfid the construction of a large number
et small gun-boats. If Sit-C. Napier failed to take Cron- •
stadt in its former state, what prospect would he have
now,
.when it has been, strengthened tosneli an, extent
that it is cons7dered inipregoable
Nicolaieff is the pet' fortress of the Russians, and is .
regarded as. one of their'. best, if not supzrihr to' tho
others. As in the case of Cronstaclt, they have takt.h all
the o'd eannon-out, and haveiriminted new ones in their
place. They speak Of Nicolaieff,as impregnable, and
they laugh at-the threats. of•the allies to take it as a
foolish, vainglorious boast. . .
The bombardment of Sweaborg, of which, to. much has .
been mid by the English press,-cost:the allies $25,000,000,
while tbe loss to flu:slain; did net exceed $150,000.
,
In (set, limp Col.Shaffner tells us, we think it.has
been-rathe'r more profitable than otherwise, so far as the
Russians are concerned. After Making a terrible demou-
otratlon-before the place, and expending enough powder.
and ball upon it to take the city twice over, they retire:'{
under the impression that they had • laid' it in ruins.

ft now appears that they only succeeded in burning a
number of old Swedish workshops which the Russians
intended to remove, and for which they had a large nmn-
her of workmen already' employed. There was only one
brick bu i ieg , of:, any consequence. destroyed. The
appreliensionsrentertained. by the besieged were so slight
that they walked about utterly regardless of the horn.
bacdinent. 'About SO persons were killed, and these
may be looked upon as victims of their Own temerity.
With the exception of the small loan which has been
male since the commencement of the war, the whole ex-
penses have been defrayed 'from the revenues of the
country. There is no lack of means ; and,' as a proof of
this, it is only nbeessary to state that the public works
which were commenced last year are carried on with un-
a`mted vigour, andani the same extensive scale on which
they were begun. The charge has been made that the
Government has taken the church money ; but, so far
from this being the fact, it is actually increasing the
wealth of the church by the expenditure of millions for
the erection of edifices of still
greater magnificence than
any yet built. The very domes of some of these are of
gold, and the ornaments in the interior are of the same
valuable material; and many of them studded with dia-
monds and tither precious stones. The yield of the gold,
silver, and plating mines this year, has exceeded that of
any former year by t3,000,t00e exportationo.ln e
additionf
tthoetphires,
the Government have forbid the
cious metals ; the Mint is kept in constant operation
night and day, and the paper-. rouble passes as current
now as ever. When it is considered that all the money
which is expended for the war is still kept in the coun-
try, and only passes Irons the possession of one Russian
to that of another, there appears to be little reason to
believe in the assertion of the allies that Russia is
already in an impoverished condition. There is
no disguising the fact that they have entirely
miscalculated the strength of their enemy, or that
they have intentionally misrepresented the actual con-
dition of things in Russia. The effects of the war are
scarcely perceptible, and so little dread is entertained of
the allies that the Government is making preparations
for a ten years' war. The means of the Imperial family:
alone would be sufficient to carry-it on at its present rate
for several years, .without calling upon the nobles to
make the sacrifice of half what they have promised. The
manufactures have been increased, and those of iron par-
ticularly are at present in a more flourishing condition
than before the breaking out of hostilies, Of the lighter
branches of manufacture, such as laces and other articles
of ladies' dresses, Colonel Shaffner showed us some very
mbeeitiuietibfuyl
eseprefciwtneenmse,ea.ll osf
were not inferior to anything of the kind we have seen
they
owfhaircha,s hewe informeda tgi se: were
at some of our public exhibitions.
We were also informed that the reports which have
been circulated as to a feeling of jealousy and dislike
existing between the members of the Imperial family are
entirely without foundation, and that they are bound to
each other by the closest ties of affection. They are all
of one mind with. regard to the war, and are resolved not
to yield an inch of their territories, or agree to any terms
thatut ab
willv
ecompromise
g theels
eprideyo r
prizedignity
eoifr t hpee
eciotronnt rays.
B
'
apbroateedceteorist.of
Ttihmee
imposedoCbhlirgisettiiaonnss upon them in this, and will never consent to
capacity
vearrieoris.
considered the most sacred of all.
Noes

STABBING IN LIvEBPOOL.—On Saturday evening about
five o'clock three coloured seamen, named Parker
Whitehead, Gilbert Sergeant, and Geoffrey Jackson
were drinking in a low public•house in Gascoigne-streot,
Vauxhall-road, Liverpool, when they quarrelled about
some women, and blows were exchanged. Suddenly
Whitehead drew a small dagger, and stabbed Jackson in
the chest and Sergeant in the back, the point of the
weapon striking the shoulder-blade and becoming bent
with the force of the blow. He was then seen to throw
the dagger over a wall, where it was afterwards found.
The injuries are not of a dangerous character. White-
Lcad has been arrested and remains in custody.