The Sun.
London, England, 1855-06-21 00:00:00

LONDON, TB URSDAY EVENING, JUNE :21, 1855.

r ;VIM AZTECS and EARTHMEN.—Patronised
;IL by her Majesty, who gave them a Check for a large amount ;
by Prince Albert; by the Duchess of Cambridge for the third
time; and by the Clergy, Nobility, and Gentry. 6, Leicester-square,
fr}m 3to 5, and from 7to 10, daily. Lectures at 4 and 8. Stalls, 2s.
seats, Is. Gallery, 6d. Two Histories, Is.

ADAM AND EVE.—This great original work
by JOSEPII VAN LERIUS is now on clew at 57, Pall-mall,
opposite Blarlborough•house, from 11 till 6 daily.—Admisslon, One
Shilling.

OYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
The Magnificent SILVER CANDELABRUM, Seventeen
Feec High, one of four made for the Egyptian Government, by Messrs
Williams, of 223, Oxford-street, will be ou View, by special favour
for fourteen days only.
The LECTURES and EXHIBITIONS, as delivered before her Most
Gracious Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert, the Patron
of the Institution, will be continued.
Lectures by Mrs. CLARA LUCAS BALFOUR. " SUMMER HOURS
with the POETS," on June 21st, 28th, and July 2d, at Eight o'clock
in the evening.

CREMORNE GARDENS.—Open daily at
Three.—Admission One Shilling.—Linparalleled Programme
of Amusements : Wonderful Performing Elephants —Marriott's
Observatory-Hive of Bees, in beautiful working order—New Panto-
mimic Ballet—Concert by the celebrated Pyrenees Singers—Astound-
ing displays of Horsemanship by the star riders of the day—Tight
Rope Dancing Signor Bosisio's celebrated Band—La Perche
Napoli, the Venetian Hercules—The Storming of Sebastopol—
Zoological group of Performing A nimals—Dancing al Fresco—Magni-
ficent Pyrotechnic Display,-Band a la Militaire—Novel an 1 Brilliant
Illuminations—Model of Trafalgar—Highly Trained Dogs —Mackf fey,
the inimitable Negro Delineator—Bowling Saloon—Rifle Gallery—
Polygraphic Views —lntricate Maze—Oriental Cirque—Hernandei
daily; and every po.sible variety of entertainment. Open on Sunday
free, by refreshment card. Table d'Hote at Six.

OYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GAR-
DENS. THIS EVENING. Grand Modelled View of Se-
bastopol. An attempt will be made to convey to the public an idea
of the operations of a siege, and that nothing may be wanting to
give reality to the scene the prAnietor has seared the services of a
considerable number of the wounded heroes of the Crimea, and at
half-past 6 this evening will be given the attack and defeat of the
Russian sortie, in which upwards of 100 soldiers, marines, artillery-
men, and seamen will assist. Final Repulse of the Russians and
Bombardment of Sebastopol, with grand Pyrotechnic Tableau, at a
quarter to 10. Splendid Menagerie, Elephant's Car, Remington's
Aerial Bridge, Godfrey's unrivalled Band, and numerous other
attraction;. Admission Is., daylight attack and night bombard-
ment included. N:B.—Corporal Bridges and Private J. Mackey,
of the Coldstream Guards, both severely wounded at Inkerman,
attend every day, from 3 till dusk, to point out the various objects
of interest, Sec.

PICTURE TIMES. —Price TWOPENCE.
Every Saturday, commencirg June 30th. 1855, will I,e pub.
Rhed a LARGE NEWSPAPER, price only 2d., full of Pictures.
Tire Trade must order immediately, as the demand is airea iy enor-
mous. Ask for the PicTutu TlMES.—Office, No. 1, Crane-court,
Fleet•atreet.

PHE SEAT of WAR. By WILLIAM SIMPSON.
JI —Messrs. PAUL and DOMINIC COLNAGHI and Co., 13
and 14, Pall-mall East, beg to announce that the first series of the
above work, dedicated by permission to her Majesty, is now com-
plete in 40 plates. Price, neatly bound in cloth, plain copies 61. 125.,
colonre4 101. 12s.
" There is scarcely a subject of life or death in the Crimea that ,s
nit descanted upon by this lively and intelligent artist. You may
here follow the soldier, finding something novel and characteristic
at every stage of your progress."—Times, May 28, 1855.

91` HE SEAT of WAR.—The Final Operations
JI at Sebastopol.—Kertch —The Sea of Azoff.—Messrs. PAUL
and DOMINIC COLNAOHI and Co., 13 and 14, Pall-mall East, pub-
lishers to her Majesty, beg to announce that they will immediately
commence the issue sf a Second Series of Sketches. by Mr. WILLIAM
Sramoar, to be in every way uniform with the First Series. To be
completed in ten parts, each part with four plates. Price 12s. per
part plain, 20s. coloured. The first Part will contain the scenes in
the Sea of Azoff, from sketches taken by Mr. Simpson, on the spot.

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.

CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD.

It, appears that the negotiations between the com-
mittee of shareholders and directors of this company and
the directors of the London and North-Western Com-
pany, with respect to arrangements for promoting the
interests of the Chester and Holyhead Railway Com-
pany, have been postponed until the decision of Parlia-
ment has been obtained upon the bill for improved com-
munications between England and Ireland. The bill has
pas;ed the House of Commons, and is now before the
House of Lords.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

(From the Times of this day. )

As the military events of the present campaign become
more and more unfavourable to the forces of the Russian
empire the Cabinet of St. Petersburg redoubles its efforts
to avert by diplomatic means the consequences of its de-
feat, and to dissolve as far as possible that formidable
coalition of the other powers of Europe which was called
' into existence by the violence of its measures and the
arrogance of its demands. Upon the first outbreak of
this quarrel, which arose from the Menschikoff mission,
followed by the invasion of the Principalities, there was
but one voice in Europe to condemn that scandalous and
wanton violation of the public peace and of the rights of
a weaker power. The publication of the conversations
between the Emperor Nicholas and Sir Hamilton
Seymour demonstrated that the Czar thought that
the time was come for the dissolution of the Turkish
empire, slid that he only required the connivance
of England to undertake and accomplish this enter-
prise. France he defied, Austria he spoke of as ab-
solutely subject to his will, Prussia he did not speak
of at all. The result of these declarations and of the
events which followed them was, that the policy of Rus-
sia was solemnly condemned by every Cabinet in Europe
—even Prussia and the minor states of Germany entered
into certain engagements adverse to her ulterior progress;
Austria armed, and concluded treaties with the bellige-
rents ; and, if the States of Central Europe had energe-
tically combined with the Western Powers at that time,
the war would have been prevented, and the objects of
this struggle obtained without a breach of the general
peace. Russia, however, we freely confess, was more at
home than we are in the mazes of German diplomacy.
She knew and relied upon tie itdierent weakness of that

body, ever divided against itself the Germanic
Confederation;
.she employed every resource of per-
sonal influence and official corruption to stifle in the
hearts of German Sovereigns and the heads of German
Ministers the impulses of patriotism and the voice of
honour ; she treated Germany exactly as Louis XIV.
had treated it when he was preparing his great aggres-
sion on the liberties of Europe—by suborning one part
of the nation, by caressing another, and by intimidating
the whole. The result has rewarded her exertions.

R-issia has not been able to protect her own territories
from invasion, to meet her enemies on the field of
battle, to show her flig on the seas, or to save her trade
from destruction ; but in Germany, at least, she exer-
cises an ascendancy she is not secure of at home, and in
substance she has succeeded in obtaining from that na-

Lion the " friendly neutrality" which she solicited in vain
at the outset of the war.

To keep alive this species of influence over the timid
and the time-serving governments of that country, she
endeavours to make it appear by the plausible modera-
tion of her language that the continuance of the war is
solely attributable to the unreasonable violence of the
Western Powers. This is the evident purpose of the
answer published by the Journal of St. Petersburg of
the 12th of June to Count Walewski's circular on the
termination of the Vienna Conferences. To understate
or to misstate the causes and objects of the war, to ex-
aggeraLe the concessions already made by Russia, and
to suppress entirely the most important practical de-
mands of the Western Powers, are expedients which
can only impose on those who are very superficially ac-
quainted with the nature of this controversy. Nor is it
more reasonable to suppose that France and England are
carrying on war at a great cost of treasure and of life
for no conceivable purpose than it is to assert that Rus-
sia had made enormous preparations for the overthrow
of the Ottoman empire without the slightest intention of
ever using them for that object. There is, in fact, as
much difference between the language of Russia when
she is seeking to dupe a powerful adversary or to inti-
midate a weak one as there was between the treatment
of Lieutenant Royer and the prisoners of the Tiger and
that of Lieutenant Geneste and the seamen of the Cos-
sack. In the one case no disguise is too gross to con-
ceal hostility under the mask of politeness ; in the other
the most sacred usages of civilisation are violated with
the ferocity of a barbarous enemy.

It would not be worth while to make this observation

if it applied only to the state of public opinion in this
country, for here the acts of Russia speak so much more
loudly than her 'diplomatic papers that, with the excep-
tion of Mr. Gladstone and his perverts, we suppose no
one is in much danger of being imposed upon. But it is
otherwise ahroad, where the enslaved and degraded con-
dition of the press renders it more easy to circulate and
accredit these official fallacies. The press of Germany
is notoriously and almost universally under the control
of the Governments, and, instead of leading public opi-
nion, it obeys the mandates of the police. The subjec-
tion of the press of France to the absolute control of the
Government has given a spurious importance to the
daily papers of Belgium, which ate conducted without
the slightest political ability or independence, and are
generally distinguished by a stupid hostility to this
country. The truth is, that Russia has throughout the
war made Belgium the head-quarters of her agents in
Western Europe ; she procures arms and machinery
from Liege, and, under the disguise of a semi-indepen-
dence, the Belgian press is cordially devoted to her in-
terest. These means of influence are sedulously em-
ployed by Russia for the purpose of turning the public
opinion .of Europe against her adversaries, if not
in favour of herself. Nor does she scruple to use
the most direct misrepresentation for this purpose ;

as, for example, the. recent fiction circulated by
M. de Seniavin, that England had relinquished
and retracted the concessions made to neutrals at the

outset of the war • and the attempt to show that the
,

Vienna Conferences were ended by the ill-will of the

Western Powers.

We know not what effect these statements may pro-
duce on a certain portion of society on the continent of
Europe, but they can have none on the policy of the bel-
ligerent Powers. Those Powers have not obtained from
Germany the intelligent support they at one time hoped
to receive ; but in exchange they are wholly liberated
from every species of obligation to consult the views and
interests of those states. This war is essentially a mari-
time war, for the basis of our operations is the sea, and
our • command of the sea not only determines our
whole policy, but relieves us from every question
which a continental war might raise between the belli-

gerents and the other continental Powers. So long as

the war retains this character those Powers can neither

assist nor hinder its progress, and while we look with

undiminished confidence for the sympathy of foreign
nations, who view with alarm and indignation the servi-
lity of their rulers to Russian ascendancy, we are compa-
ratively indifferent to the views which may be entertained
at Berlin, at Frankfort, or at Vienna, since they are
powerless from the moment, they cease to be in our fa-
vour. As far as operations of war are concerned, the
recent events in the Sea of Azoff must have satisfied the
_ _

most incredulous of the irresistible power exercised by
the States which have applied steam on a large scale to
their naval forces. We have not, therefore, the slightest
reason to apprehend that any of the German States will

expose their coast and their trade to squadrons of steam
gun-boats more formidable and mole swift than the inva-
sion of an army. Those States are at least as much
paralysed by sea as by land, and, while they continue to
carry on the idle formalities of diplomatic correspondence,
they will some day !earn that the results of the war have
been decided by means entirely independent of their own
control.

of war, it is not unreasonable to discuss probabilities,
and, doing so, we are not disposed to consider the tenure
of the Crimea by the enemy to be worth a very long pur-
chase. Our troops have much in their favour. The
course of recent events has tended to excite their ardour
and encourage their spirits, while a directly contrary
effect has, in all probability, been wrought upon the
Russian force. Nothing so demoralises an army as a
growing belief that the stars fight against them—that
the course of events seems turned, by some fixed law.
in favour of their enemies. It is not one defeat, nor
two, nor half-a-dozen, that will produce this effect ;
but a succession of unfortunate battles—a constant
series of reverses will and must eventuate in an im-
pression favourable neither to physical energy nor
moral courage. The calamities of Russia have been
both severe and continuous. Their never-to-be-
forgotten reverses on the Danube have been followed by
equally signal defeats and losses in the Crimea. To have
been et war for two years, and never to have gained a
victory ; to have been invaded by an army which could
not and would not be driven into the sea ; to have been
beaten iu three great encounters on its own soil ; to
have been compelled, in self-defence, to destroy its own
fleet ; to have seen the flower of its army either slain
upon the field; or killed in hospital by the severities of
winter ; to have lost its Emperor when events seemed
at their crisis ; to have had every southern source of
supply eut off ; to have lost the depots where its stores
and munitions were laid up against the day of necessity;
to have its own lake scoured by the gun-boats of Eng-
land and France • to have its trade crippled in every
department ; to be compelled to replenish its army by a
conscription of nhparalleled rigour ; to have, the staple
of its wealth everywhere injured and decaying ; if these
be not calculated to inspire, both in the army and
through all Russia, a fearful misgiving that there is a
moral defect in their cause, an unseen arm fighting
against them, and a weakness in their effort which is
inherent in wrong—then there is no such thing in con-
science, and moral convictions are an empty deceit.
We have yet to learn more detailed tidings of the most
recent operations of the fleet. We know what its lead-
ing object is—to hem the Russian army within the
Crimea, and to cut off all supplies. But what it has
done since the destruction of Anapa we have not heard.
Most likely an attack upon Sebastopol by sea forms a
part of their work ; for, in the event of an assault, it
would be most desirable to maintain a diversion sea-
ward which should keep the gunners at their post.
But, however this may be, experience has proved
that, so far as Sir Edmund Lyons has any discre-
tionary power, be will not be idle, and that the honour
of our naval flag is perfectly safe in his keeping. The
concurrence of these three independent operations—the
bombardment of Sebasto?ol—the field movements of the
army, and the operations of the fleet, will, we are fully
persuaded, result in a definite and appreciable limitation
of Russian preponderance in the Black Sea. We shal
be masters of the Crimea, the Black Sea, and the Sea o
_ _

Azoff; and distant though these places be from the
capital of the Russian empire, they are amongst the
richest sources of its wealth, and the most vulnerable of

its national well-being. To have these in our power will
be a vast gain to our cause, and may probably make the
good folks at St. Petersburg think more respectfully of
our conditions of peace than they did a short while ago.
If not, it will then be for the Allied Governments to
determine where they will strike next.