The Sun.
London, England, 1855-06-21 00:00:00

LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JUNE 21, 1855.

THE AZTECS and EARTHMEN.--Patronised
by her Majesty, who gave them a Check for a large amount ;
by 11. RX. Prince Albert; by the Duchess of Cambridge for the third
time ; and by the Clergy, Nobility, and Gentry. 6, Leicester. square,
fr..m 3to 5, and from 7tol 0, daily. Lectures at 4 and 8. Stalls, 2s.
seats, Is. Gallery, 6d. Two Histories, Is.

ADAM AND EVE.—This great original work
by JOSEPH VAN LEM'S is now on view at 57, Pall-mall,
opposite Marlborough.house, from 11 till 6 daily.—Admission, One

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
The Magnificent SILVER CANDELABRUM, Seventeen
Feet High, one of four made for the Egyptian Government, by Messrs
Williams, of 223, Oxford-street, •will be on View, by special favour
for fourteen days only.
The LECTURES and EXHIBITIONS, as delivered before her Most
Gracious Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert, the Patron
of the Institution, will be continued.
Lectures by Mrs. CLARA LUCAS BALFOUR, "SUMMER HOURS
with the'POETS," on Juno 21st, 28th, and July 2d, at Eight o'clock
in the evening.

REMORNE GARDENS.—Open daily at
IL) Three..—Admission One Shilling.—Unparalleled Programme
of Amusements : Wonderful Performing Elephants —Marriott's
Observatory-hive of Bees, in beautiful working order-=New Panto-
mimic Ballet—Concert by the celebrated Pyrenees Singers—Astound-
ing displays of Horsemanship by the star riders of the day—Tight
Rope Dancing Signor Bosisio's celebrated Band—La Perche
Napoli, the Venetian Hercules—The Storming of Sebastopol—
Zoological group of Performing Animals—Dancing al Fresco —Magni-
ficent .Pyrotechole Display—Banda la Militnire—Novel ant Brilliant
Illuminatious —Model of Trafalgar—Highly Trained Dogs—Mackney,
the inimitable Negro Delineator—Bowling Saloon—Rifle Gallery—
Polygraphic Views—intricate Maze—Oriental Cirque—Hernandez
daily; and every possible variety of entertainment. Open on Sunday.
free, by refreshment card. Table d'Hote at Six.

OYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GAR-
DENS. THIS EVENING. Grand Modelled View of Se-
bastopol. An attempt will be made to convey to the publie an idea
of the operations of a siege, and that nothing. may be wanting to
give reality to the.scene the proprietor has semred the services of a
consider •ble number of the wounded heroes of the Crimea, and at
haif-pqst 6 this evening will he given the attack and defeat of the
Russian sortie, in which upwards of IRO soldiers, marines, artillery-
men, and seamen will a,sist. Final Repulse of the Russians and
Bombardment of Sebastopol, with grand Pyrotechnic Tableau, at a
quarter to 10. Splendid Menagerie, Elephant's Car, Remington's
aerial Bridge, Godfrey's unrivalled Band, and numerous other
attraction=. Admission is., daylight attack and night 126mbard-
ment included. N.B.—Corporal Bridges and Private J. Mackey,
of the Coldstream Guards, both severely wounded at Inkerman,
attend every day, from 3 till dusk, to point out the various objects
of interest, &c.

PICTURE TlMES.—Price TWOPENCE.
Every Saturday, commencing June 30th. 1855, will ,e pub-
haled a LARGE NEW.,PAPEK, price only 2d., full of Pictures.
The Trade mast order immediately, as the demand is alrea iy "eno--
1710C.9. ' Ack for the Plcruaz Tufas.—Office, No. 1, Crane-court,
Fleet•street.

THE SEAT of WAR. By WILLIAM SimrsoN.
—Messrs. PAUL and DOMINIC COLNAQHI and Co., 13
and 14, Pall-mall East, beg to announce that the first series of the
above work, dedicated by permission to her Majesty, is now com-
plete in 40 plates. Price, neatly bound in cloth, plain copies 61. 12s ,
color.reA 101. 12s.
4' There is scarcely a subject of life or death in the Crimea that ;s
wit descanted upon by th s lively and intelligent artist. You may
here follotv the soldier, fielding something novel and characteristic
at every stage of your progress."—Times, May 28, 1855.

11HE SEAT of WAR.—The Final Operations
at Sebastopol.—Kertch —The Sea of Azoff.—Messrs. PAUL
and DOMINIC COLNAGIII and Co., 13 and 14, Pall-mall East, pub-
lishers to her Majesty, beg to announce that they will immedltely
commence the issue of a Second Series of Sketches. by Mr. WILLIAM
snApsow, to be in every way uniform with the First Series. To be
completed in ten parts, each part with four plates. Price 12s. per
part plain 20s. coloured. The first Part will contain the scenes in
the Sea of Azoff, from sketches taken by Mr. Simpson, on the spot.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIO JOURNALS.

.rtzpm.: the Time:s of this ,day. )

As the military events of the present campaign become
more and more unfaviiurable to the-forces of the Russian
empire the Cabinet of St. Petersburg redoubles its efforts
to avert by diplomatic means the consequences of its de-
feat, and to dissolve -as. far as possible that formidable
coalition of the other power's of Europe which was called
into existence by the violence of its measures and the
arrogance of its demands. Upon the first outbreak of
this quarrel, which ardse'from the Menschikoff mission,
followed by the invasion of thl Principalities, there was
b'ut one voice in Europe to condemn that scandalous and

wantOmviolitioa of the public Peace and of the rights of
a weaker power. The publication of the conversations
between the Emperor Nicholas and • Sir Hamilton
Seymour, demonstrated that the Czar thought that
the time was come for the dissolution of the Turkish
and that he only required the connivance
of England to undertake-and accomplish, this enter-
prise. ' France he &fled, Atria he spoke of as ab-
splutely subject to his will, Prussia he did not speak
of at all. The result of these declarations and of the
events which followed them was, that the policy of Rus-
sia was solemnly condemned by every Cabinet in Europe
—even Prussia and the minor states of Germany entered
into certain engagements adverse to her ulterior progress;
Austria armed, and concluded treaties with the bellige-
rents ; and, if the States of Central Europe had energe-
tically combined with the,. Western Powers at that time,

the war would have been prevented, and the objects of
this•strnagle obtained without a breach of the general
peace. Russia, however, we freely confess, was more at
home than we are in the Mazes of German diplomacy.
She knew and relied upon the inherent wea,kneo.4o,llat
body, ever divided against itself the Germanic
[ Confederation ; she employed every resource of per-
sonal. influence. and official corruptien to stifle in the
hearts of German S'wereigns and the heads of German
Ministers the impulses of patriotism and the voice of
honour ;, she treated Germany exactly as Louis XIV.
had treated it when he was preparing his great aggres-
sion on the liberties of Europe—by suborning one part
of the nation, by caressing another, and by intimidating
the whole. The result has rewarded her exertions.
Russia has not, been able-to protect her own territories
from invasion:to meet her enemies on the field of
battle, to show her flag on the seas, or to save her trade
from deAtruction ; but in Germany, at least, she exer-
cises an ascendancy she is not secure of at home, and in
substance she has succeeded in obtaining from that na-

tion the." friendly neutrality" which she solicited in vain
at the outset of the war..

To keep alive this species of influence over the timid
and the time-serving governments of that country, she
endeavours to make it appear by the plausible modera-
tion of her language that the continuance of the war is
solely attributable to the unreasonable violence of the
Western Powers. This is the evident purpose of the
answer published by the Journal of St. Petersburg of
the 12th of June to Count Walewski's circular on the
termination of the Vienha Conferences. To understate
or to misstate the causes and objects of the war, to ex-
aggerate the concessions already made by Russia, and
to suppress entirely the most important practical de-
mands of the Western Powers, are expedients which
can only impose on those who are very superficially ac-
quainted with the nature of this controversy. Nor is it
more reasonable to suppose that France and England are
carrying on war at a great cost of treasure and of life
for no conceivable purpose than it is to assert that Rus-
sia had made enormous preparations for the overthrow
of the Ottoman empire without the slightest intention of
ever using them for that object. There is, in fact, as
much difference between the language of Russia when
she is seeking to dupe a powerful adversary or to inti-
midate a weak one as there was between the treatment
of Lieutenant Royer and the prisoners of the Tiger and
that of Lieutenant Geneste and the seamen of the Cos-
sack. In the one case no disguise is too gross to con-
ceal hostility under the mask of politeness ; in the other
the most sacred usages of civilisation are violated with
the ferocity of a barbarous enemy.

It would not be worth while Co make this observation

if it applied only to the state of public opinion in this
country. for here the acts of Russia speak so much more
loudly than her diplomatic papersibat, with the excep-
tion of Mr. Gladstone and his perverts, we suppose no
one is in much danger of being imposed upon. But it is
otherwise abroad, where the enslaved and degraded con-
dition of the press renders it more easy to circulate and
accredit these official fallacies: The press of Germany
is notoriously and almost universally under the control
of the Governments, and, instead of leading public opi-
nion, it obeys the mandates of the police. The subjec-
tion of the press of France to the absolute control of the
Government has given a spurious importance to the
daily papers of Belgium, which ace conducted without
the slightest political ability or independence, and are
generally distinguished' by a stupid hostility to this
country. The truth is, that Russia has throughout the
war made Belgium the head-quarters of her agents in
-Western Europe ; she procures arms and machinery
from Liege. and, under the disguise of a semi-indepert-
dance, the Belgian press is cordially devoted to her in-
terest. These means of influence are sedulously em-
ployed by Russia for the purpose of turning the public
opinion .of Europe against her adversaries, if not
in favour of herself. Nor does she scruple to use
the most direct misrepresentation for this purpose ;
as, for example, the recent fiction circulated by
M. de Seniavin, that England had relinquished
and retracted the concessions made to neutrals at the
outset of the war ; and the attempt to show that the
Vienna Conferences were ended by the ill-will of the
Western Powers.

We know not what effect these statements may pro-
duce on a certain portion of society on the continent of
Europe, but they can have none on the policy of the bel-
ligerent Powers. Those Powers have not obtained from
Germany the intelligent support they at one time hoped
to receive ; but in exchange they are wholly liberated
from every species of obligation to consult the views and
interests of those states. This war is essentially a mari-
time war, for the basis of our operations is the sea, and
our command of the sea not only determines our
whole policy, but relieves us from every question
which a continental war might raise between the belli-
gerents and the other continental Powers. So long as
the war retains this character those Powers can neither
assist nor hinder its progress, and while we look with
undiminished confidence for the sympathy of foreign
nations, who view with alarm and indignation the servi-
lity of their rulers to Russian ascendancy, we are compa-
ratively indifferent to the views which may be entertained
at Berlin, at Frankfort, or at Vienna, since they are
powerless from the moment they cease to be in our fa-
vour. As far as operations of war are concerned, the
recent events in the Sea of Azoff must have satisfied the
most incredulous of the irresistible power exercised by
the States which have applied steam on a large scale to
their naval forces. We have not, therefore, the slightest
reason to apprehend that any of the German States will
expose their coast and their trade to squadrons of steam
gun-boats more formidable and moi e swift than the inva-
sion of an army. Those States are at least as much
paralysed by sea as by land, and, while they continue to
carry on the idle formalities of diplomatic correspondence,
they will some day !earn that the results of the vrar have
been decided by means entirely independent of their own
control.

of war, it is not unreasonable to discuss probabilities,
and, doing so, we are not disposed to consider tha tenure
of the Crimea by the enemy to be worth a very long pur-
chase. Our troops have much in their favour. The
course df recent events has tended to excite their ardour
and encourage their spirits, while a direCtly contrary
effect has, in all probability, been wrought upon the
Russian forde. Nothing 86' demoralises -an army as a
growiiig belief that the' stars •fight against them—that
the course of events seems turned, by some fixed law,
in favour of their enemies.' It is not one defeat, nor
two, nor half-a-dozen, that will prodUce this effect ;
but a succession of unfortunate battles—a constant
series of reverses will and must eventuate in an im-
pression favourable neither to physical energy nor
moral courage. The calamities of Russia have been
both severe and continuous.- Their never-to-be-
forgottenteverses on the Danube hive been:followed by
equally signal defeats and losses in the Crimea. To have
been at war for two years, and never to have gained a
victory ;- to have been invaded by an army which could
not and would not be driven into. the sea ; to have' been
beaten iu three great encounters on its own soil.; to
have been compelled, in self-defence, to destroy its own
fleet ; to have seen the flower of its army either slain
upon. the field,-or killed in hospital. by the severities of
winter ; to have lost its Emperor when events seemed
at their crisis ; to have had every southern'source of
supply cut off ; to have lost the depots, where its stores
and munitions were laid up against the day of necessity;
to have its own lake scoured by the gun-boats of Eng-
land and France ; to have its trade crippled in every
department ; to be compelled, to replenish its army by a
conscription of unparalleled rigour ; to have the staple
of its wealth everywhere injured and decaying.; if these'
be not. calculated to inspire, both iu the army and
, through all Russia, a fearful misgiving that fliers is a
,moral defect in their cause, an unseen arm fighting
against them, and a .weakness in their effort which is

. .
inherent iv wrong-=then there is -no such thing in con-
, science, and moral convictions are an empty deceit.
We have yet to learn more detailed tidings of the most
recent operations of the fleet. We kdow what its lead-
ing object is—to hem * the Russian army within the
Crimea, and to cut off all supplies., But what it has
done since the destruction of Anapa we have not heard.
Most likely an attack upon Sebastopol by sea forms a
'part of their work ; for, in the event of an as' cult, it
would be most desirable to maintain a diversion sea-
ward which should keep the gunners at their post.
But, however this may be, experience has proved
that, so far as Sir Edmund Lyons has any discre-
tionary power 2 he will not be idle, and that the honour
of our naval flag is perfectly safe in his keeping. The
concurrence of these three independent operations—the
bombardment of Sebastopol—the field movements of the
army, and the operations of the fleet, will, we' are fully
persuaded, result in a definite and appreciable limitation
of Russian preponderance in the Black Sea. We shall
be masters of: the Crimea, the Black Sea, and the Sea of
Azoff; and distant though these places be from the
capital of the Russian empire, they 'are amongst the
richest sources of its wealth, and the most vulnerable of
its national well-being. To have these in our power will
he a vast gain to our cause, and may probably make the
good folks at St. Petersburg think more respectfully of
our conditions of peace than they did a short while ago.
If not, it will then be for the Allied Governments to
determine where they will strike next.