The Sun.
London, England, 1855-01-15 00:00:00

LONDON, MONDAY, JANUARY 15, 1855.

" What England gains 'by arms she loses by
diplomacy." The observation has so frequently
been verified that it has passed into a proverb,
and we greatly fear that it is about to receive
a new and very powerful illustration. We hear
very significant intimations of a General European
Congress (!), of new conferences and diplomatic
movements. We cannot anticipate any beneficial
results from renewed negotiations ; on the con-
trary, we feel satisfied that they must prove
seriously prejudicial to the interests and security
of the Ottoman Empire, the great end and object of
the Western Powers, who have no selfish purposes
to promote, but who have reluctantly unsheathed
their swords in the cause of justice, humanity,
and civilisation. If ever nations entered into
hostilities with pure and unimpeachable motives,
if ever States could defy the breath of calumny
to cast even the shadow of a doubt on the in-
tegrity of their views, France and England can
do so at the present moment. Their acts are
conceived in the unalloyed spirit of chivalry. To
protect the feeble against the tyranny of
the powerful, to defend right against might,
is the godlike mission on which they have
entered, and they should suffer nothing to divert
them from the straight and narrow way in which
they are travelling.

They have stated what they require. They
have put forward their demands, which have been
conceived in the most moderate spirit, and they
cannot agree to vary or modify in the slightest
particular a single stipulation. They have asked
only for what is absolutely indispensable to the
future peace and tranquillity of Europe. They
require the general disturber, the despot whose
unconscientious and unwarrantable conduct has
left him without a single real friend, to be bound
over in adequate securities to keep the peace.
They have from sad experience ascertained that
no confidence can be placed in his professions—
that merely verbal promises are not worth
the air expended ; and therefore, wisely
following the precedent which he himself
has established, they demand " material gua-
rantees"—the surrender of territory which he
had unfairly acquired, and which he most unwar-
rantably used against the lawful proprietor, or at
least the reduction of the power which he had
grievously abused. The demand is simple. It
requires no lengthened discussions, no protracted
negotiations. Does Russia accept the Four
Points in their integrity, according to the plain
and simple meaning of the language in which they
are expressed ? Is she satisfied to prove her sin-
cerity by the only conclusive evidence—the volun-
tary surrender of the power of effecting future
mischief? If so, well t The arrangement may
be effected at a single meeting. The Western
Powers, having been exceedingly moderate in
their demands, have put forward nothing
that they can relinquish or even modify
in the slightest degree. The issues must
be materially narrowed before they can refer them
to arbitration, or consent to the meeting of a
General Congress, in which the would-be Judges
may arrogate to themselves powers of which their
previous conduct has not justified the as-

sumption.
Should we submit to it, who will be placed in
the situation of umpires ? prance, England, and
Russia as belligerents, as the parties litigant,
would necessarily be excluded. Even the claim
of Austria might be disputed, in consequence of
the Treaty into which she has entered, although she
has certainly given no practical proof of the sinceriCy
of her co-operation up to this period. To Prus-
sia, then, or rather to its weak and vacillating
Monarch—to " the good CLIQUOT," the Angel of
Peace, the friend and brother-in-law of the CZAR,
who has exhibited such decisive proof of blind
and unreasoning nepotism—would the matter
mainly be referred. • We say " main/y," for
whatever might be the honesty of purpose exer-
cised by minor potentates, could we be certain
that the Muscovite influence so painfully percep-
tible at sundry Courts would be dispelled, and the
Russian element eliminated from the calcula-
tion, Prussia would still predominate, where
the four great Powers were excluded from the
judgment seat.

But could we even trust Austria as a judge ?
We think not. On Saturday we pointed out the
meaning of the alleged representations of Baron
HESS, " that he could not undertake to operate
against the Russians unless assured of a Prussian
army of 100,000 men ;" and we showed
that the despicable " timidity"—we might use
a much stronger phrase—scarcely came from
any soldier, but rather from the Civil
Government of Austria. If her Ministers in-
tended to act decisively there would be no mur-
mur from the army, who would rather desire to
be led against the foe, and to hare the opportu-
nity allowed of gaining verdant laurels by their
conduct.

We trust, then, that we may be spared the igno-
miny, as well as the injury of a genera Congress.
Should such a step unfortunately be assented to
by our Ministers, we should have but one remain-
ing hope, viz., that the insanity of the AUTOCRAT
would abrogate all the effects of the efforts made
on his behalf. Even at this moment his mad-
flees is manifesting itself in the invasion of the
Dobrudscha, and
the
menacing movements in the
direction of the A.astrian frontier. He has
hardened his heart its wickedness, and is wil-
fully sacrificireg ever
y chance of regaining the
position he has forfeited by his Voss misconduct*

gwater c
We invite attention to the ria
B
meeting in favour of Polish independence üblilt
may mean more than what Mr. CARLYLE deno-
minates " fiunkeyism" supposes. We well re-
member that far-seeing men pronounced the fate
of the Corn Laws sealed, not when tens of thou-
sands were subscribed by the cotton lords, but
when a number of rustics met with a bankside
and hurdles for their platform, and a lantern to
read the resolutions by, and voted against them.
Now we would not wound the pride of the Bridg-
water burgesses and their chief magistrate ; but,
knowing that many will sneer at the west oounLry
borough, although returning two members for

Parliament, we will give them the benefit of
their sneers, and still reply, let Bridgwater
be as obscure as you please, it only proves that
Polish independence is understood, is appreciated,
and is enthusiastically cheered, even in the obscurer
towns of the kingdom. It points the same moral
as the Lincolnshire farmers' loudly cheering allu-
sions to it in the speech of Sir JOHN THOLLOPE.
The subj ect is understood everywhere. We believe
there is not a town in the kingdom—no, nor an
agricultural district either where competent
speakers on the subject of Poland would not fill
the largest public room, and obtain a unani-
mous vote. We incline to think that such
meetings would vote in favour of the largest
loans needed for such a struggle, especially were
the loan to be like the French one, offered to the
public rather than to the " Great Houses."
Bridgwater is, however, no such insignificant
town ; it is just a fair sample of intelligent, well-
off, but not overgrown, English boroughs. It is
midway between the purely county town and the
restless manufacturing city, a kind of place less
easy to stimulate to political action than our
Manchesters, Birminghams, Rochdales, and the
like. We may well hope, therefore, that the
example will be contagious. Will our great
towns and metropolitan boroughs, and our metro-
polis itself, proud of their energy and their po-
litical zeal/ sit down quietly while Bridgwater is
ahead of them ? It will be seen that the
business was done efficiently. Besides reso- •
lutions asserting the common-sense view of the
necessity of Polish independence to the perma-
nence of any peace which could be made, the
burgesses voted an address to Lord PALMERSTON,
and another to Prince ADAM CZARTORYSKI, ex-
pressive of their sympathy with the exiled Poles.
A petition to Parliament was also agreed to, and
left for signature, the Mayor himself urging the
crowded meeting severally to call their neighbours'
attention to it. It is not too much to say that
a similar course adopted in all the boroughs—and
why not counties too?—of the kingdom, would, in
all probability, settle this great question for the
future of Europe. It is generally, and with
reason, believed that the French EMPZROR is
favourable to the object. The one thing needed
is for Englishmen to exhibit their undoubted
sentiments strongly enough to overrule and
override all the influence of all the COBURGS; and
to embolden our Cabinet to act as the Ministers,
not of petty German or Belgian Courts, or of
cousins in Austrian military service, but as the
Ministers of England.

If there be one thing of which every sensible
and upright Englishman is convinced, it is that
Polish independence is at once our most prudent
and our most righteous demand. Most prudent,
because the present War is due to Russian absorp-
tion of Poland, without which it would never
have been thought of, while innumerable and
murderous future wars must result from Russian
barbarism remaining triumphant over Polish
Liberty and Civilisation. Most righteous, because
the passive sacrifice of Poland was England's great
sin at Vienna, as well as previously, and
the first NAPOLEON'S great sin, when be, seeing
far ahefad, would have taught Russia her place in
time. Moreover, no one can doubt that now is
the precise time to press the demand. First,
theFio crafty conferences at Vienna—crafty on
one side or on both—warn us that an extinguisher
may be put any moment on all that we thought
worth fighting for ; next, we have now an oppor-
tunity such us we may look for in vain again.
We are at war, not hesitating about beginning
one—a War the origin of which authorises us to
say to its ambitious author—We demand, as a
guarantee for the future, no conquest for our-
selves, no part of Russia at all ; we demand
Poland. for herself ; we demand what you stole
before our eyes, what we ought never to have
permitted you to steal, -what you have used as the
means of endless other thefts, and what, there-
fore, we will see restored to its owners before we
hush up your last villanous affair. You have no
right to Poland, and we will hoist her flag; so do
as you please. Then, again, we want help. Our
Ministers are running all over the Continent for
mercenaries, and—we use the word. advisedly—
wickedly ignoring the legion which a word might,
evoke, which would. have stormed Sebastopol two
months ago, and which now would make the
ranks of Russia quail with worse than bayonet
wounds—with the consciousness that kidnapped
Poles would be dangerous comrades !

Let our Ministry, however, look to their places.
It is high time. Here is an orator in a third-rate
English borough. arraigning there, and demanding
a Polish Legion, in this style--
"Mr. Rossitor, in seconding!the above, attributed the
whole of the bungling and mismanagement during the
present campaign to these who held the reins of Govern-
ment. Was the Earl of Aberdeen—who was the known
friend of our bitterest enemy, the Emperor of Russia--
a fit person to be at the head of the Government I Was
Sydney Herbert, who is the son of a Russian lady, fit
to be the Minister of the War.. Office, who had remained
inactive till the war was commenced by Turkey herself,
and England was obliged to help her ! The speaker
then drew a melancholy picture of the state of our
troops after the battle of Inkerman, and ridiculed the
idea of employing foreign mercenaries when a legion of
Poles, who had an interest in the cause, could be easily
called around the English standard,—a noble legion
who would be fighting for their fatherland."

It is well for our Cabinet and our Houses of
Parliament to know that nothing disgusts the
English people generally more than this same in-
decent postponing of Poland and Polish aid to the
odious predilections of the German Court mercena-
ries. Nothing will wash a certain lucky little
German family from inevitable suspicions of the
most damaging character but a policy worthy of
the Queen, of England, and of the free country
over which she rules, or should rule, and in which
she received her education.

Mir OP THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON

TO ENGLAND.

We have great pleasure in stating that the name
of La France is to be given to one of the first-
class men-of-war now building, to commemorate
the cordial and warm intimacy that now exists
between this country and our allies the French.
The magnificent screw three-decker, the Marlbo-
rough, of 121 guns, building in Portsmouth dock-
yard, will be the vessel selected to receive this
name.

She will be ready for launching in March, and
there is a probability that the Empress of the
French will, with the Emperor, be present at the
launch, and perform the ceremony of naming this
splendid ship.
A more expressive memento of the alliance now
existing between the two nations than the giving
to the greatest man-of-war ever built for the Bri-
tish or any other navy the name we have men-
tioned, the ceremony being performed by the illus-
trious consort the Emperor of the French, could
hardly be conceived.

Victoria T e
Queen'sand Albert, now
i s Royalto
at Pembroke dockyard. byacht, nto oh
ebde
to-morrow called the
The Prussian steam gun-boats Nix and Sala-
mander were undocked at Plymouth on Wednes-
day, and were received ea. Friday from the Prus-
sian Government, in exchange for the frigate
Thetis.
TURIN, Jan. 12.—Her Majesty the Queen Dowager
Maria Theresa, widow of Charles Albert, and mother of
th- present King of Sardinia, died this day at noon, of
inflanynati.in of tlw Pleura, after an illneas of seven days.
Her Majesty was an archduchess of Austria, and a
daughter of Ferdinand Grand Duke of Tuscany. i

LATEST NEWS.

The Hydaspes, from Constantinople, has ar-
rived at Marseilles.

Two Greek priests had been arrested at Eupa-
toria with a proclamation from Menschikoff to the
inhabitants ordering them to burn the town.
News from Malta of the 10th states that the
14th Regiment had sailed for the Crimea in the
Emeu.

We have received the following telegraphic
despatch from Berlin :
" BERLIN, SUNDAY, JAN. 14.

" A despatch from St. Petersburg, dated Sun-
day, the 14th inst., says—
" Under date of the Bth of January Prince
Menschikoff writes that the situation beforo Se-

bastopol has undergone no change.
" A heavy fall of snow took place on the Bth.
" On the night of the 7th of January two
small sorties were made against the English and

French trenches.
" In the first the enemy (the Allies), taken
by suprise, suffered a sensible loss.
" We (the Russians) lost 3 men killed and 8
wounded.' "

CONSTANTINOPLE, JAN. 5.
The French opened their fire on the 3d January
against the Flag-staff battery.

VIENNA, 12TH, EVENING.

Accounts from the Crimea to the 4th state that
up to that date nothing new had taken place
before Sebastopol. Colonel Manteuffel leaves
Vienna this evening.

VIENNA, JAN. 13.
Eight Russian battalions passed the Danube,
and dispersed the Turks at Matsehin.

Prince Menschikoff bas demanded a reinforce-
ment of 40,000 men.
35,000 infantry and 500 cavalry have been
sent to Bessarabia.

We are informed, on good authority, that the
Swedish Minister in London has intimated to our
Cabinet the desire of his Government to give in
its adhesion to the treaty of the 2d December.

MARSEILLES, SATURDAY, JAN. 13.

CONSTANTINOPLE, JAN. 4.—From the Crimea
no news of importance. The north wind has
begun to blow again, and the ground is drying
fast.

Five more ships laden with troops have passed
here on their way to Balaklava.

The first of a series of French cavalry brigades
will arrive here on the 6th from Adrianople.
The brigade of Cuirassiers under General Forton
will follow.

A son of Reschid Pacha has been appointed
Director of the Mint, and Kiamil Pacha Minister
of Justice. Ali Pacha unites the Foreign Affairs
with the presidency of the Tanzimat Commission.
A powerful " effendi," with twenty Mussul-
mans, have been exiled for having presented peti-
Lions against reform to Prince Napoleon.
General Canrobert distributed decorations on
the 31st December.

The last accounts from the Crimea announce
that half of the Turkish corps had arrived at
Eupatoria. ' Omer Pacha was expected. The cold
weather had commenced with the new year in the
Crimea.

The Sultan has issued a firman, in which his
Highness thanks the army of Omer Pacha for its
conduct on the Dann); and expresses a hope

that it will continue tie same in the campaign
which is about to open in the Crimea. Mahmoud
paella and Ismail pac'ia, have left for Varna.
The Ist regiment of Hussars and the 7th Dra-
goons were waiting at Constantinople to embark
for the Crimea. Considerable agitation prevails
here in consequence of the expected arrival of the
Imperial Guard. The rai:way terminus is thronged
with people.

BUCHAREST, JAN. 1.

The Russians are employing a great number of
men in fortifying the northern or left bank of the
Danube from Reni, which is situate at the mouth
of the Pruth, to IClia. At Reni considerable
forces are concentrated, and the park of artillery
there consists of upwards of 100 large guns. The
entrance of the port of Reni is guarded by strong
batteries and palissades, and provided with an
enormous chain. Prince Gortschakoff has made
frequent visits to this section of the Danube, as
well as to the Porte on the Pruth.
[The above intelligence stands in direct relation
with our announcement on Friday.]

Letters from Frankfort, of the 10th, mention
a very incisive note, addressed by M. Drouin de
Lhuys to the Prussian Minister of Foreign Affairs,
in reply to the Prussian note of Dec. 19. The
note, which is dated Dec. 27, rejects the idea of
a separate alliance with Prussia, boldly depicts
the position in which the Court of Berlin has
placed itself, and leaves Prussia no means of a
French alliance, except adhesion to the treaty of
Dec. 2.

It may be confidently stated, the assertions of
some German and other papers notwithetanding,
that Prussia has not yet adhered to the treaty of
Dec. 2. The few signs which by the sanguine
might have been taken to indicate a tendency to
such an adhesion ten days ago, have vanished since
Prince Gortschakoffs communication to Count
Buol of the Gth iubt.

FRANCE.
PARIS, SUNDA.? EVENING.
Lord and Lady Johu Russell leave Paris at ten
o'clock to-morrow morning ;for London. The
health of-Lady Harriett Elliot continues in a very
precarious state. Lord Minto and the rest of the
family will accompany her ladyship to the south of
France, as soon as she can be removed.
The Constitutionnel says :—" We are assured
that from information received at the treasury up
to Thursday evening, the applications for the loan
exceeded a milliard of capital (a thousand millions).
That does net surprise us, when we see the anxiety
to subscribe which is manifested in the depart-
ments. At Pau, for example, at the Recette
Generale, a subscription of 900,000 f. was made for
that arrondissement alone."
The Constitutionnel states that it has received
information that the Russian army has crossed the
Danube on three different points and in consider-
able masses, and that the movement of the Rus-
sians appears to form part of an ensemble of
strategic operations.

The- Constitutionnel has the 'following :—" We
are enabled to confirm the intelligence that Sar-
dinia has joined the offensiveand defensive alliance
of the Western Powers. If we are rightly informed,
Piedmont will place a contingent of 15,000 men at
the disposal of the Western Powers, who, in re-
turn, will provide her with the means of procuring
a loan."
The Emperor on Saturday afternoon visited the
new hospital of Sainte Eugenie, which is in course
of coii.-Atructinn in the FailLourg Sainte Antoine.
His Majesty was received by the Prefect of the de-
partment and by M. Hittorff, the architect. After
examining al the works, the Empezog presented

the workmen with 5001. The news of his Majesty'
visit having spread in the Faubonrg, a large crowd
assembled, and it greeted him with enthusiastic ac-
clamations as he let.

General- the Marquis de Ricardo first aide-de-
campiof Prince Jerome Napoleon, has been pro-
moted to the rank of Grand Officer in the Legion
of Honour, and the Duke d'Abrantes, Chef d'Es-
cadron of the Staff and also aide-de-camp of Prince
Jerome, to the rank of officer in the same order.
M. Benoit-Champy, ex-Deputy, has been elected
member of the Legislative Body by the first cir-
cumscription of the Ain, in the room of M. de
Lormet, who has resigned • and M. Canaple, Pre-
sident of the Tribunal of Commerce of Marseilles
by the circumscription of the Bouches-du-Rhone,
in the room of M. de Chanterac, named Councillor
of State. Both gentlemen were Government can-
didates.

The Rouen newspapers announce that the Cora-
missaire de la Marine has recaived orders to send
off the sailors of from 20 to 40 years of age, who
are required to serve in the fleet.
BOURSE, JAN'. 13.—CLOSING PRICES.
Cash. fr. c. End of ➢Month.
43 per Cents 92 50 92f. 10c.
3 per Cents 66 90 67 10
Credit Mobilier 737 50 Roman
Credit Foncier 535 Alistrian i Bl
Belgian Fives — Spanish Threes...... 36i
Piedmontese B6 50 Home Debt 32i