The Sun.
London, England, 1855-06-08 00:00:00

AUSTRIA.

A letter From Vienna, in the Breslau Gazette,
says Vtre3 learn from good authority that the
Baron do Hess is to set off on the 6th for the army
of Gallicia, riznd that on the 9th the Emperor will
also proceed into Gallicia to inspect the troops."
Another 1(3 tter from Vienna, in the Cologne Ga-
zette, says :--The Emperor lately sanctioned a pro-
ject accordin g to which the garrison of Vienna will
be henceforth. maintained at 30,000 infantry and
cavalry. Orders have been consequently given for
the construction of new barracks, and a c--edit of
800,000 florins has been been opened for the pur-
pose. Other military buildings are in course of
construction in other parts of Lower Austria, parti-
Qularly at St. laippolyte and at Kreus."
SWEDEN.

STOCKHOLM, JlllO l.—The appointment of Baron
Manderstroem as Minister Extraordinary to the
court of Vienna, is one of the most important
events of this year for Sweden, as it may fairly be
called the hinge on which our foreign policy will
he made to turn. The King cannot be induced to
depart from the neutrality he has hitherto main-
tained between the belligerents against the pres-
sure from Franco and England, and in the face of
the most liberal offers and formal guarantees of
territorial possessions mado by thJse two powers.
Austria having shown
.unmistakeably that she
does not mean to take an active part in the war,
the Swedish King thinks the time favourable for a
closer rapproachment to the Cabinet of Vienna.

BaronManderstroem, who proceeds to the Aus-
trian capital, has for many years occupied the im-
portant post of Chief Secretary of State for the
Department of Foreign Affairs. The chief object
of his mission is to negotiate at Vienna, if practi-
cable, a sort of offensive and defensive alliance for
maintaining an armed neutrality amongst the
powers of central urope, including those of Scan.-
dinavia, Italy, and perhaps the South-west. The
idea is by no means new, but circumstances had
always interfered to prevent and mar the execution
of this notable project.

THE BALTIC.
KONIGSBERG, JUNE 3.

There are only three subjects that at present ex-
cite any interest in the public mind—trade, war,
and the weather. Talcing the last of the series
first, in order to indulge in a national growl and
get rid of it—surely even the shores of the Baltic
were never afflicted with a spring so cold, irritat-
ing, and detestable. Up to the very eve of June
furred garments had not been abandoned by the
prudent. Ice still lingers on the banks of the
rivers ; vegetation is everywhere backward, and
the wind, like all our recent vexations, has conti-
nued to come from the north. There has been
1 some improvement in the last 24 bours, and it is
to be hoped June will justify its traditional charac-
ter better than May.

_ - is As to trade, which in no slight degree affected
by this unhappy season, a short sojourn here con-
firms the impression that the commercial advan-
tages Prussia is deriving from its neutrality are
neither so great nor so decided as they are believed
to be. The war has thrown a larger amount of
business into two of the Prussian ports, but it is a
transit business only, which the merchants do not
consider the best or most profitable ; it brings

the agency houses a commission and gives ad-
ditional employment to labour, but the profits
of this kind of traffic have scarcely compensated
for the depression of many others, which the
war has affected injuriously. The stimulus has
been exclusively local, and, in the places that felt
it at all, only partial ; while on the general and regu-
lar commerce of the country the war has acted like
a blight. The uncertainty as to the part the two
great German Powers would take, and the extent
to which Prussia might become involved in the
conflict, even with the strongest disposition to re-
main neutral, everywhere paralysed the activity of
ordinary times. In such a state of things the
most enterprising will .not enter into speculations,
of which the profit cannot be realised till a
future and perhaps distant period. Even old and
established enterprises are not extended at such a
time. The loss caused by this commercial stagna-
tion is general, and the extraordinary impulse
given to a single branch of trade in one or two
outports is but a slight compensation for it.
Dantzic has derived no advantage from the war,
having had no part in the process by which our
enemy's produce is safely lodged in English ware-
houses. But Konigsberg has obtained a large
share of the export trade diverted from Riga.
Lying much nearer the Russian frontier
than Dantzic, it has also durink the summer
months a river communication with the Russian.
territory. It is at Konigsberg that Russia first be-
gins to be visible, in her vessels, produce, and
people. The rudely-built barges discharging their
cargoes at the quays of the Prussian city have come
from the districts of Lithuania watered by the
Niemen and its tributaries, and principally from
the Governments of Wilna, Grodno, and Kowno.
Descending the Niemen they pass below Tilsit into
the Curische Haff, thence by a branch of the Pregel
into the lower part of that river itself, which car-
ries them easily down to Konigsberg. This chan-
nel of commerce appears during the past year to
have been used almost exclusively for the con-
veyanceOf hemp, flax, and tallow, to the exclusion
of corn, since the year of war shows an actual de-
crease in the quantity of every kind of grain ex-
ported compared with the shipments of 1853 ; on
the average the decrease is not less than 50 per
cent. But the increase in the export of hemp and
flax was sadden and enormous—from 63,000 cwt.
shipped in 1853, the quantity rose rapidly to
248,543 cwt. in 1854. As soon as it was known
that the seal of, a blockade was to be set on every
Russian port, orders for Russian produce poured
in here from every country in Europe, and to the
above extent had been supplied up to the commence-
ment of the winter ; the river navigation has not
yet been open long enough in the present year to
give any data by which the exports of the next few
months can be calculated. In tallow the increase
of the quantity shipped was still greater than in
the article of hemp. From the scarcely perceptible
item of 475 cwt., which tallow contributes to the
trade returns of Konigsberg in 1853, it swells to
133,758 cwt. in 1854. That was the quantity
driven from Riga by the blockade to find an outlet
through the neutral port. Russian rags, which do
not appear in the returns of 1853 at all, also
found their way here, to the extent of 15,000 cwt.
There was also a large increase in the export of
bristles and rope-work, but by far the greatest bulk
of business created here by the war consisted
in the export of the two staples, hemp and tallow.
The question naturally arises—What has been the
actual profit of the Prussian neutral from this
Russian trade ? It can be only very imperfectly
answered. It appears the resident merchants did
not become purchasers to any great extent, the
foreign dealers outbid them in the interior, and
drove prices up to a point beyond what they Con-
sidered safe. The increase of business then, as far
as the Konigsberg merchants are concerned, is that
of agency and commission chiefly, by which, no
doubt, a certain amount of profit is scaled off every
transaction ; but it is slight compared with the gain
of the actual speculator, who has purchased at
at a moderate price and realises all the difference
between that and a high one, or that of the pro-
ducer in a time of extraordinary demand. The
English " belligerent" may be pretty sure that a
very handsome total of roubles has gone directly
into the pockets of the " enemy," the Russian
grower; that the profits of the war. trade are
chiefly gathered at the two extremities of the line of
traffic, and that the "neutral" intermediates have
had little more than the negative satisfaction of
" beholding it with their eyes." Indeed, the official
commercial report of last year, after noting the in-
creased employment of labour caused by the war,
admits with a certain acidity of feeling, that the
business was only one of transit, and that therefore
the money value of the exports for-the year need
not be given.
Whoever profits by it most, the trade is going
on actively, as the bustle in the port indicates, and
the number of Russian river barges lying in the
Pregel. These vessels and their clews contribute
a marked feature to the " along-shore" population
of the city. The crews are Lithuanian serfs, and
the captain always a Jew, which may seem sin-
gular to those who have never connected " the
people" with anything afloat, except floating capi-
tal. But it is neither singular nor strange, where
that acute and active race have so much of the in-
ternal commerce of the country in their bands.
The Jew captain frequently has the command of
several vessels—a small flotilla—and may rank
as a kind of admiral of the island streams.
Towards the close of autumn his charge is an
anxious one ; if overtaken by an early frost,
his whole fleet may be locked up in some dis-
tant
river for the winter. Ice is the perplexity
of all navigators in these latitudes and anxieties,
not altogether dis Similar to those Of the Jew, have
been felt, perhaps, by much grander commanders.
There are captains now in these waters who will
doubtless keep well on the outside edge of the icy
region when the season comes, and clear out betimes
from all creeks and narrows, lest some belated
Viper or Growler, caught as in a trap, should be
captured by Cossack. cavalry. Every Dundas and
all the Napiers forgive the supposition ! but the
accident is possible : something like it once hap-
pened in the Texel, and the great Elector of Bran-
denburg marched a whole army across a broad arm
of the sea on this very coast. The ice of the Baltic,
as an.. unexpected and rapid road-maker, is not to
be despised.
The crews our Hebrew captain commands are
genuine serfs—rough, light-haired, unkemp, and
dirty, wearing even in the dog-days the long
sheepskin caftan, or a garment of the same cut, of
sacking or very thick coarse grey cloth ; warmth in
the outward envelope is plainly the great object.
A piece of brass matting, bound round the foot with
thongs, carried up the leg to hold together various
fragments of woven texture that servo as stockings,
completes all that is visible of his costume. The
serf is a rough being certainly, and, as aforesaid,
dirty ; but he is not abject in bearing nor sordid
in look. He has nothing about him of that ,
repulsive squalor which accompanies the dirt of
idleness and mendicancy. He walks well, without
the heavy lounge and stoop we call " boorish ;" lie
is handy enough in all the details of his work, and
on the water manages a perilous little punt with in-
finite dexterity. The citizens look on him as half a
savage ; the boys, always less prejudiced than their
elders, are more intimate, and trade with him in a
small way in a currency of brass buttons which
they know he covets. Rude as he looks, he is very
fond of music, and is often 'a clever performer ;
one great object of his ambition is to obtain a
violin, which he may do here at the moderate
price of 3s. English, instruments of that quality
being manufactured expressly for, his means. ,On
the whole you feel a kind of respect for him, and
are inclined to think his class would be developed
into a good kind of peasantry by a few generations
to whom hope and a property in themselves could
be rendered possible.
Konigsberg is a busier, lighter, and more cheer-
ful city than Dantzic ; it has shaken the mid-
dle ages from nearly everything but its history.
The great liberator, as usual, has been fire, which
compelled it to renovate and be modernised. Some
cities the destroyer visits in one great catastro-
phe, which is called the. "great fire" ever after :
it was thus with London and Hamburg. In
Konigsberg he did his work by instalments,
and the destruction was distributed over a long
space of time ; but the result is the same,—
what is new of the city eclipses the old, and gives
it its external character. It is a bright bustling
seaport, to which the University lends a tinge of
literature and learning; it has admitted the inno-
vation of foot pavements, which the narrow streets
of Dantzic still sturdily resist. The environs are
fertile and pleasant ; indeed the Whole country
bordering on the Baltic is superior in soil, cultiva-
tion, and scenery to the more southern district,
the sandy monotonous plains of the Mark of Bran-
denberg, and nearly all the tract traversed by rail
between Cologne and Berlin. The land is far richer ;
the banks of the Vistula and its extensive delta
are of extraordinary fertility, equal to the richest
parts of Holland, which the flats from Marien,
werder northward much resemble ; like them, they
are reclaimed marshes and swamps. From Stettin
to the east, following the general run of the coast,
the landscape continues to improve. The country
ceases to be so desperately level, and breaks into
hill and vale ; vegetation becomes more varied, the
beach appears, and the birch with its silvery bark
begins to hint of the north ; both dispute the
ground with the pine, which in the sandy south
has had all the land to itself. Truly the old Teu-
tonic Knights were wise in their generation when
they abandoned the fruitless crusade against the
Saracen to win such a fair possession as these pro-
vinces from the Pagans of Europe.
Though rumours cannot be trusted for facts,

• k;;„„.p..........0.-.-- la
there is a certain tone in the naost vague f.rqe
.which the impression events are producing DAY
prora
inferred. The general tenor of the reports
thg here as to the state of affairs in Russia indicateis
that the difficulties are increpasriinoog :0
fopnreo
vo
a n extraordinary rise in.the
is very possible the efforts Russia is waking .°II in
her frontiers are heavily paid for by sufrerivg
the interionpf the country. ifsiotinf
0111

RUSSIA.
Weoth 3
have
andreclt esived the St. Petersburg Jour
nal° °f
the 3May. • ~, cle.
The Invalide Busse publishes the follovvin,„ ~
May
from Prince Gortschakoff, dated 1
construction
the
7 T:ank ii
Taking
adolth (234/
to
the 9th .„oecl the,
and 10th (21st to 22d) May, vre contionont ol
advantage aan tage
trenchof aoffocgoudnutreirn..agpp thero na :glib ti
obi::
ap,
Cemetery,proach in advance of bastions 5 and 6i ",0 as to
, e es from this trc mill towards bastion No. , D,, ap•
be 0 able to act upon the right flank of the enera7 to the
raches which threaten that bastion ; but, owid
Rio
A
Arocky__ natura of the ground, it was impossible t?
_goer
.ufficient depth to these counter-approaches. On tnbeoot to
ring of the 10th (22d) May, when our men were aro at-
, tacked this
the continuation of these works, the el'e_ithout
kept
kteudptdbuisripnogintht
evwighoorloeusolfythweitnhiglh7t 13; acttalion:i wbi:,:as
counting their reserves. A most determined cerath
talions strong, fought heroically,the
bayonetsiderabie wloesrse. repeatedly made ; our thraorogpeffs: 's
te
Hated
2u,bsnyohoat hpmepeielnyn,
petmuhteyhl being
the brave
dor
bne e our
c combat.
sidern comm an la:n gal ner very
f theee
321
3 tl
cl;
i bril
lri:
i:
gade of the 9th infantry division.
of Sebastopol, ac', aloft
illse
heightened
The success with which this attacked vit loon tlie
b the spirits of the aarrison, 'oo3 we
enemyfortifications how dangerous it would' be to try to
at straw
treech
ous efforts
thearldlsthix(2h3'd)
they did not, succeed in taking iia,t
scarcely j,e-Av-
traced out.
" On •
The Invalidesi (22
of May) the night between the 100 and lithch /3y, o .
ps and n
Rd 20
71s s e sdt
does
aems enr so t
pOnfb-, ;Fit :rill: ana: b
oia
taille.
, about 20,000 troops left ICsiVrrierning of
board
they were signalle'dal'9lild j.t.b3(.3.- 5.
rep orste r:03O1
ii
f'
thenight
successfuliognh
despatchessecond
..... attack of tile, lola a'd
1. of the 23d. It publishes the le
Sebastopol,,
via"NAiiedoefediee
ff- Ctahme following GeneralGeneral
telegraphic Prince e r trebs paaktcdfh ebr:el3B e
eeteuni:
14th (26th May) ."--
despilte the,.ra.o.o-a
.with troops on
to hf e,,f
,103,3
Opt hu
tr.h(2aesrd
et
advanced
board, Sebast°,
"The squadron of the •
which left ifetch On
enemy. ~_ Gulf of P.
approached tt,
' 'On the 14th (26th) May considerable Ivo on ttPed
enemy before Sebastopol established thetansde t
aheeigahts of the left bank of the TchernaYsi a tbee°lliot-retiOCti°l4
a)
whichn May,ce
ptbohesettysw
oeseepncpuelpayer ntdto 211
a:
t'a: co e s a the L
ortifying, lc of the
a. b n
he right
The Invalide Busse publishes the
same river.' " ..•••
"The min - lof St. re deft ,
I all' Governor-Genera r that rot
has •
Just announced to the inhabitants 0, Goverio b,
that General de Dehn, acting MilitarY 6h 0 (
as _, 1 t .o •
Cronstadt, has notified n SundsYi „v, line,,,
that 0
0, 1 q.scr. _boti,.,
May, the en
battle shi enemy's fleet, consisting and 7 g!!'soir
Ps, 1 eorvepe 2 steanie , atid,
cast anchor below C ' iTh 1 i-noss, f ficiP 0
Gorka, on the ape .I,oigo , _ Guif o
Croak
western coast of Of! . _at crow
Everything
was in a satisfactory conchtio
followilitger,sl

-----,.
A telegraphic, dFeAsßpßaAtlcShilii:7:::::cb:rilticbvicilllloll:lolll:l;:ri'4iiis:
yesterday from the Crimea
brfaeec-tetwostreayebnliintshtheeeldlmi.gence that the telegresPthe tao 03•0,0
cations between the Crimea and yarns °Eilsileci
situate' at six miles to the north of lietabtros,
iom.
teiissuiphoin,e3ps
hoped,
:adwrelisyelplhAaaastnosestheoherenrovsyuiccreabeaneiastdnsew.dtvee meaanrpnhetaaria r;b.s:lo t ts
vi
11 le:
pa
0001:::
dieac of
an °li lid f
TUTnhise, aEnmapmeroohramyemsteedrd-ealy gave - doe aO.
Mohammed-el-Maimoun Bey, coueill brotl? Or
the
ee
attemptß ey, who
ofhadApril b e been sentEce4DlteEoli Mohammed-::,f'iref tiotabillelsioosre:
00 ;chi fl
jester a letter of congratulation en, l'iloolit 10
Raffo, Minister of foreign relatioa?.. 00 Pfed so
charged with a particular missieu.l" 011
Go_vernment, and Gen. Kheir-ed-Pdirile'tice. ,v,
t
each
depa•
rtments
• the•
pre
o • f
them
inhabitantsliol a,sOOsOeffir
wt. tb.;)
Ol)4icilosi 5081dalifoi+P:
t:
yesterdaymost
lih e b yKt
King
gs
visitedcalamityof
ptheo r t
u. g
aTI
Exhibition h-a
sum of 10,000 fr. for the same object. to Of ,ufo tot
Metiers
went to the Conservatoire Go. ecip,
aMweTatrhi edere,s , where the y were receivedtid thFe
3Plll3ll;':i'e:o'filit°s- Periliet;: '1
a/llfoonritaecutsr publishestheeeurage
nal ins(itoetTosgoia,
formed during the first three 11-10-ci cloßf
andresent year. They consist of Oiver. alit
The
hle9
clesturcrlaiesrs,daen.cillla3rOseildle class,.les 0%001
publi- ,e est,
ing letter, written by an officer of t' 008
to Kertch : betoe roe
point
fe •
"At the eastern extremity of the .-- sythero lb it°
Black Sea and the Sea of Azoff, at thez-ertebt,lo th,:
ends, rises the handsome little town 01 -1-, but nob:
Yesterday
centre of
dinhabitants,s,
tuwnede
nterroahvaaenr
tbsi,undrglt
ill i
origattlsek?;
b•
tiro il; ft trii tie, 'Bo_'
to the sound of drums and with ,i_htebtis 1;
tyownifeooeawnrrse,here met a single Russian or ''er Or f",. :10'4;0
,omldtaheinetadrtisnlthehadmossetenfriweno:ento:Linvt:reustfiinn: oft tf:::
population. This was the first 'tigicrchildten'spect:oo
not, I can assure you, an unw,,. otebot pricir
for. eyes accustomed so long to he of Orr' ailtirpi
the Straits wtbiheteahrolunn
big tbrongh the town, we entered theil'e Pigs,lso°osof
The
t'n'etillil'uft°
tgclsettmrhiekeninbcgary:ohbflossf:Po°h•ortf:;;Pusi°o:
doned their 50 guns of the heastest calibre fag- ot rit
munition. This was, no doubt, thr°`ll.4eyv iti's co:0;
for the moment we came in sight nithi'etYch..eC.,°csios3Srrerric'o'brlcriil' tierjale
10 powder magazines. The expeditioo3`Jaod 'e,ociOalf,
ing of about 12,000 English, Freneh'd been tr°P° or
•12 13 lye° cl°Yie
camped all round the citadel, wille „hoe for
by the enemy. We are aoing to entrencm! ooly.
out,oce d
and if the Russians leave us quiet dont', this 'of
F 6/ ret cti•
our position ;ill be impregnable. ;II fer ale 0,0
command both seas, and our flotilla
.0.,'... vihicliier, ftd (0
give a good account of the resources witt;lo. 0(11 tried 0
Sebastopol was so liberally supPlie so, eroe thato e tb°
the highest spirits. After having been is 000_ the
the
g plateauand soifneg hers o nye soutsi ,
mttbalte:rrile 3: gvsiaai:,,e:scififoo:ptiooto
men who contrived todive and insts turned to,troX dater
arid ravines of Sebastopol have 'V' a c` pit
all these blessings of Providence. Did
0,,i tivi
themselves as real Sanlanaplases..
retion, with,
verdure, wood, and shade at dt'ec, gotej,,:i ,Veeveti
at hand. They are literally eocii`end "A tbs ,1105,
new situation. Then there is an eoose'r39o oore
and entonnoirs; in which they wereb,,ils, oes.litoteao
motnemt to be killed by canon:oa of r°%l.3'. voAle•
or, what '.ll still worse, by tbe explosi. a wibett, the AWT,
no doutt fatigue and danger will not Dolling ot the "letl
pow indulge in sweet repose. The r eeded tc'f tbe.o%e
and the rustling of leaves have su.coateo 00l d bi-
some roaring of artillery, ari, 'jibe porf,? ' 0,4'
emanations of the camp, we have c was. „an cid
of the hills of Kertch, which is our ' id ir". es
oil
i 'eli it`Pl Act
Ht e Theraevdr e Englishhfyo rt
hc the
a vesselns
Frenchta n ti
nßoGapt
et,
evl e.
err,
:Is: vai
13,i_ 1ee:1,05
hitei
51 has,s.a.
0:
it,
il!, 0,4
oe,,
1111.
oloreeBB.
c:
with great celerity, and has on boatel_oo sgag/tpt 0
1 lt.tlf
quantity of projectiles, more for t i‘eo •03
some thousands of packages lt3 ift
vices.
The Psyche, sailing frigate, 11`,*.totio%rti'epcP
departure from Toulon for C 0115150 tilein ft JO
troops and stores on bldar,tageri
iboyo the ttli
steamer, the Cagliari,
Government from Marseilles, vil'
.horses on board for the Crimea.
ral° 0'
------
or,
BOURSE, JUNE .04°8 oor g° S•'0.
Cash fr. c. /
q• per Cents 94 -- 10
,41 - ..... ~,
3 per Cents B6 95 "" .. ........
~,, ,l;i
Credit Mobilier 892 50 RorooP. ...•".' .. lit 4
CBreelgdiiatuFFoinvcoise.r.
..
___— 2rA0tta84111,0bre..ti.........'
t.:.
;oft,
,
Piedmontese
154,
.0011*
RAILWAYS-100 ....,. ,09,
...... '4O. Iv
tr. C. ,
Orloans ...
C1r5e0tert5tethe.er.:.............a...................: - - -50 "It
-r °lire b ii.fg.
.•"': : : ' . ..... : ::: r
stills •••••
Mediterranean
1222 50 Ltb° :tirg ...
ile,j
~ tbe,bor'
ioeor 00, elr
t tae tie °Web, 040°
FlnEs•-•=•Yesterday92, °ab--tl C..i.ihneroes C ,;1,000',,
tory-house attached to St. ib-i.•
T? TimotbY 'co" oteob-e;terier,
green, tenanted. by the -.-.Vr•... with itsaciocl; fooi'e,
loss
slyw
aburned y
odoonwsind,
e!oaghelet....n ei.A. tyvt h. r j
le%
613:tri voysteeibciohisf, iit
morning the premises of X*
__:„r also l /
Hawthorn-street, Islington, ss'
materials °I sonar;
4040'
1.,/,„_ volt
as also were the building ma potA odf pil
the course of erection.
.. I\lllO,OlY
ants Air
tio 0.
REORGANISATION OF r,
ptTaihre The following
efdo l
withlowi
departmentsnrge reference,
n:sio
em.
tivier To.
t.ilfwh.,t_e:f
oecrraeoorsorrstagrii:oceoits:::.:t iicol 11301iiiitifiiof lo. 0) ebeeiptrel:oo4;
pointed Director-Gen 0 , 0,,e-ta. note tj lie
will
lt
hGeoDdlieryoo,
ft,
yet been made to the officeeo„_,bousie
_,ol,ot;tetor oft
Clothing, but Mr. Georg.
o!'.l_,s depoPectoru- et.
Director-General :root
othf es_tlonvoreisrectNoroisaPnirerol
sorriiiotiti
Assistant Director-Genes i 0'1,4 Top. cierit
Ad/oFßrondurrfi:finYcconate.iownisl,l arentdaingrh.iBl::esell ren23lll°