The Sun.
London, England, 1855-04-03 00:00:00

ITALY.

TrrittN, March 30.—Yesterday upwards of a
hundred Deputies, which is nearly all those pre-
sent in the capital, gave a dinner to those of their
colleagues who are about to take part in the
Expedition to the East. The entertainment was
remarkable for the unanimity and patriotic senti-
ments expressed by members of every shade of
political opinion, many of whom had thought it
their duty in Parliament to oppose this country
taking an active part in the war at present. The
guests were General Alphonso la Marmora, the
Minister of War ; General Giacomo Durand°,
Colonel Petitti, Majors Cazanovo and Cadorna..
After dinner the President of the Chamb9r, Cava-
lier Boncompagni, in proposing the health of the
King, said—

"Gentlemen,—Those who judge of our affairs from
That diversity of opinion regarding the Government of
the State, which occurs in our daily discussions, will be
strangely deluded with regard to us and to our country
There ars in the midst of those discrepancies, inevitable
in large assemblies, sentiments which are common to us
all, to which the cords of all our hearts vibrate. Th•
first of these is the veneration, the love, and the grati.
tudo for the august Monarch at the head of the king-
dom—a sentiment which is the tradition of our history;
it is instinctive and habitual in our education. But
there are others that veneration and that love
for the King are identical with the noblest sen-
timents that ca❑ qualify the life of a free
people. We love our King, because in him lives the
remembrance of that august dynasty to which it
is owing that this alone, among the provinces of
Italy, has been preserved free from the dominations, the
protections, and the influences of strangers. We love
our King. because in him lives the memory of that
great Prince who gave us that liberty, by him main-
tained with a loyalty rather singular than rare. We
love our King, because he fought bravely on the field of
battle for the noble cause of Italian independence.
Therefore, ;n proposing to you the health of the King,
I feel certair. of being the interpreter of common
thought—of a feeling not only common to us all, but to
all our fellow-citizens, who, saddened by the griefs and
.gladdened by the joy of their princes, show themselves
United by that concord of feelings and affections by
which nations become great and powerful."
In proposing the health of the guests and the
success of the Expedition he said—
" Gentlemen,—Another feeling in which we are all
unanimous is that of sympathy and benevolence towards
our brave army. I can boldly assert that in no country
in Europe is the army more popular than among us. Its
glory is six centuries old, and there is hardly a
family which has not had a share in it, whether
among the gilded palaces or the humblest cottages.
This popularity of our army has increased immensely
since it carried to the field of battle, decorated with
the shield of Sivoy, that Italian flag which at the com-
mencement of this century already showed itself with
so much gjoey in the wars of Russia and Spain, aid
again carried it for an undertaking more illustrious,
more gloriius, and more beautiful than any in Italian
history. This sympathy for our army is more lively
than ever, since it is called to participate in tint war
which attracts the attention of the whole civilised world.
These sentiments affect us more particularly, who have
the honour to have as our colleague the illustrious Ge-
neral destined to lead the undertaking. I, gentlemen,
who have twica been called to the councils of the
Crown, and who have not lost that friendship which

an his aE.sociat(r, do r,ot -Nisi, to
express my private feelings. I wish to express that high
esteem that his Parliamentary adversaries and his
friends testify to his valour, his energy, his talents, and
his rectitude ; and this high esteem we entertain also
for the gallant officers destined for the expedition to the
East, who, by us, their colleagues in the Elective Cham-
ber, were as justly honoured and beloved as by their
companions in arms. Gentlemen, to express these
sentiments I have the honour to prop,se to you
Success to the Expedition to the East !' Our voice
will be a salute that will accompany them when they
leave the shore of Italy, for whose independence they
fought gallantly, as they will fight with fresh valour,
wherever fortune may offer the opportunity. Our voice
will be a cheer to welcome them in the land of the East,
where they will find themselves again surrounded by the
glorious remembrances left there by the flag of Savoy."
Deputies Brofferio, Mellana, Martelli, and Isola
also spoke in warm and complimentary terms of
General La Marmara and his companions, and the
army in general, throwing aside for the nonce all
party feelings and political subtleties.
The troops for the Expedition are rapidly assem-
bling at Alexandria. Within the last week several
detachments from the garrisons of Savoy have
passed through Turin by railway to Alexandria,
and others, including a battery of artillery from
Chambery, are now en route hither.
It is said that General Dabormida has shown
some reluctance to accept the Portfolio of the Mi-
nistry of War, and that he is likely to have the
command of the artillery instead. General Gacinto
Collegno will have the command at Genoa during
the absence of General Alexander La Marmora,
commanding the Second Division of the Expedi-
tion.

A letter from Berlin, in the Universal German
Gazette, says :—" General de Berg, the Governor-
General of Finland returned to Helsingfors on the
16th from St. Petersburg, bringing with him the
manifesto which guarantees the fundamental laws
and privileges of Finland. After the publication
of this manifesto, however, the Government
ordered throughout the whole of Finland and the
Isles of Aland a large levy of sailors, which is
directly contrary to the tenour of the mani-
festo, as in virtue of those fundamental laws
which date from the period when Finland came
under Russian domination, they are exempt from
all levies of this kind on condition that they
furnish a certain quota of men for the guard.
These conditions have been always strictly ful-
filled by the Finlanders ; and yet all able-bodied
young men and many fathers of families are now
called on to serve in the navy without their re-
monstrances being attended to."

A letter from Brussels states that M. Faider
resumes, under the new Ministry, the place of
Advocate-General at the Court of Cassation, and
M. Leidt, undertakes the functions of governor
of the province of Brabant.

In consequence of the treaty just concluded
between Austria and Ticino, negotiations are now
in progress for the renewal of the treaty of 1818,
concerning the transit of corn and salt from Lom-
bardy in the canton.

The King of Prussia, in order to do honour in
his army to the memory of the Emperor Nicholas,
hAs ordered that the 6th Regiment of Cuirassiers
shall for ever retain the name of the Regiment of
the Emperor Nicholas I. of Russia. The 3d Regi-
ment of the Uhlans is to take the name of the Em-
peror of Russia, and will have for its chief the
Emperor Alexander of Russia. It may be remem-
bered that a similar mark of respect was dnide.l on
by the Emperor of Austria, immediately after the
death of the late Czar.

A MERICA.

(BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH,)

LITERPOOL, TUESDAY, 10 A.M.
The United States' steamer Nashville has ar-
rived with the mails from New York to the 21st
ult., and 600,000 dols. specie on freight.
The Hermann from Southampton arrived at
New York on the 18th ult.

The President has proclaimed the reciprocity
;reaty in full force from and after the 16th ult.

Tice Washington correspondent of the IV etvYork
Herald states that a new programme, with refer-
ence to a reciprocity treaty between the United
States and Cuba, hits been issued ; the alternative
being free trade with Cuba or a repeal of the neu-
trality laws and the encouragement of Filibus-
terism.

The Governor of Halifax, Nova Scotia, had re-
ceived authority t• raise a Foreign Legion for the
British service, together with a couple of regiments
formed of persons born subjects of the English Go-
vernment.

The Know-nothings of Virginia had elected their
candidate.

The ship Hendrik Hudson, from New York to
London, had been totally lost.
The steam-ship Northern Light had arrived,
with dates from San Francisco to the 26th of Feb.,
and 92,332 dols. in specie. Owing to the scarcity
of water but little gold had been obtained. The
establishments of Page, Bacon, and Co., Adams
and Co., Robinson and Co., Miners' Banking-house,
and Wells, Fargo, and Co., had suspended opera-
tions on the 23d of February. A number of the
principal merchants were expected to follow. The
excitement had spread throughout the entire State,
and in some places the populace had broken into
the vaults of the bankers, but -found them empty.
All buSiness was suspended. Another attempt to
elect a United States senator having been unsuc-
cessful, it had been decided to leave the choice to
the next Legislature.
The steamer Cahawba had arrived with dates
from Havannah to the 14th ult. Santo Pinto and
Cadalso, the conspirators, had been tried and sen-
tenced to death by the garotte.
In monetary affairs at New York no change had
taken place. Capital was abundant, and the cur-
rent rates were 6 to 7 per cent. for prime endorsed
paper.
Stocks were active and buoyant.
Sterling exchange had advanced from 10 to mi.,
and considerable business effected. Bills on Paris,
Alc., sf. 12ic. to sf. 111 c.
Cotton was active, and cent higher.
In breadstuffs and provisions no change. Naval
stores firm.

In the iron market nothing of moment doing,
Scotch pig was quoted at $29, for large and smal:
lots.

Freights excessively dull, and. to Great Britain
and the continent previous rates were barely sup-
ported.

THE TURKISH ARMY IN TILE O.RIMEA.

-
EUPATORIA, March 12.—1 am glad to say I was
mistaken as to the sending out the fourth flag of
truce, accompanied by Colonel Simmons, &c. These
gentlemen confined themselves to an inspection of
the fortifications ; but Omer Pacha did send a con-
siderable quantity of tobacco and some cases of
wine to the Russian outposts as a present for Prince
Radzivil. The officer who accompanied them learnt
that the captain of Tartars, who deserted the other
day,' during one of the conferences, as I me,itioned
in my last letter, has been relating all he knew of
the place, the force in it, &c., going so ulinutely
into the matter as to recount the most salient
points in the private life of several of the officers.
He must have proved quite a godsend for the
Russians, as I suspect the greater part of their in-
formation must have been derived hitherto from
Tartar peasants, whose ignorance and stupidity of
course vastly diminished the value of their accounts.
This fellow seems to have been a man of consider-
able acuteness, and more or less au fait of all that
passed. His getting off so easily is a capital illus-
tration of the total want of system and organisa-.
tion which pervades many departments of the
Turkish army. When they landed here, in an
enemy's country, and established their head-quar-
ters in a town where the mass of the population is
at least open to suspicion, and in which great num-
bars of Russian born subjects, attached to the Rus-
sian cause by every tie by which men's hearts and
heads can possibly be bound, are still residing, one
would have supposed that the very first thing done
would be the establishment of a good police, to pre-
serve order and cleanliness, and, above all,
ito look
after spies and traitors. With Balaklava within a
few miles of me, I cannot, as an Englishman, blame
the Turks very strongly for inattention to the first
tWo points ; but as a resident here, with my mind
and limbs dependent on the safety of the place,
if in no other character, I may be allowed to
dwell a little upon the last. Omer Pacha certainly
cannot be expected to do everything himself in per-
son, and from the impossibility of his doing so it
results that the town is,is,.l verily believe—as be-
lieves every one—and as know a great many—full
of Russian spies, who pursue their calling with
perfect impunity. The deserter of whom I have
just been speaking, actually employed himself for
several days before his flight in buying up all the
Russian bank-notes he could lay his hands on,
for two-thirds of their nominal value, and,
notwithstanding the extreme significancy of this,
not a word of it reached the ears of the aa-
ithorities till the bird had flown.- It is now
perfectly well ascertained that very many of
the inhabitants were aware on the night of the
16th ult. that an attack would take pLtce
on the morning of the 17th, and an unusually
large number o very pressing applications were
made to 0,,.er Paella by Russian fatnilies for per-
mission to go away on the previous day. All this
shows that communication takes place in one way
or other between the town and the enemy. It re-

quires only- an ortlinaey vi i a po:iee to prevent
it, but that such a thing will ever exist here I have
not the slightest hope. What goes by the name of
police at present is occupied in little else than find-
ing quarters and furniture for the pashas, and
knows and cares nothing about the town in general
or the people in it. This leads me to say that I
think a capital fault has been committed in allow-
ing the Tartars to remain in Eupatoria, and not
only this, but to crowd into it from the neigh-
bouring villages. There are now about 40,000 here
of whom at least 30,000 are steeped in misery,
which is every day becoming more apialling. A
commission was formed, as 'I
have already men-
tioned, to inquire into their condition ; and it re-
ports that the horrors that have come under its
notice are beyond description. A feeble attempt
has been made to alleviate the sufferings of these
unfortunate people by a partial distribution of dry
biscuit ; but this is only postponing for a short
period the catastrophe which must sooner or later
take place. They are crowded in masses in the
small houses and narrow streets of the town, in the
most horrible state of filth, and sufferingfrom every
disease that dirt, and hunger, and foul air can
engender, without an eye to pity, or a hand to
help them. Medical aid they have none ; the Turks
have not got it for their own soldiers ; and, even
if it existed, where would be the use of it without
food, clothing, or shelter ? The abominations
and stench of the quarters inhabited by the Tartars
surpass everything that has ever yet come under
my notice, although a short residence in Turkey is
generally sufficient to familiarise one with the ex'
treme of every possible description of nastiness.
The dirty habits of the Turkish soldiers are aggra-
vating the nuisance daily ; and, in short, there is
every prospect that when the hot weather sets in,
if we are still here, the plague will set in with it,
sweep away all the Tartars, and at least half the
army. To suppose for one moment that we can
escape some fearful epidemic would argue either ig-
norance of all the known laws of health or expecta-
tion of a striking miracle. Dozens of families are
crowded pell-mell in wretched huts, opening on small
courtyards, which exhale every hour of the day and
night the vilest gases from two or three feet of cesspool
and e.ungheap, the dead anddying, sick and healthy,
living together in one loathsome mass of rags and
dirt. The haggard looks, the sunken eyes, tightened
skin of the wretches who crawl in the streets or
crowd to the quay, in the hope of earning a biscuit
or a piastre by carrying something for the Turkish
soldiers, would excite pity, if pity were of any use,
or if there was anybody here whose pity was not
long ago dried out. In the interest of humanity
alone, if the step were not prompted by considera-
tions relative to the safety of the army, the Tar-
tars should have been shipped off to Varna, and
Baltchik; and Bourgas by the returning trans-
ports. What use are they here ? Their coming
in has proved their sympathy with the
Turks certainly, but of what use is their syme
pathy The Turks cannot arm them, nor can they
feed them ; and I do not myself see very clearly
how they will feed themselves once Sir E. Lyons
withdraws the transports. In fact, the Turkish
army should be the last in Europe to gather round
them a starving population in a fortified town.
The best organised army in the world finds difficulty
enough in providing for its fighting men, its sick,
and its wounded, in an enemy's country, when de-
pendent for its supplies on the sea, without burden-
ing itself with 40,000 men, women, and children in
the last extreme of misery ; the worst organised
should have shrunk. from the task in righteous diffi-
dence of its own capabilities. News was received here
last night—apparently well founded because the pa-
ellas were all on the alert, and the troops ready at a
moment's notice—that five divisions are being col-
le,;tecl within three or four hours of Eupatoria, with
between 200 and 300 pieces of artillery, many Of
them siege guns, for the purpose of once more at-
tacking the place, and carrying it at all hazards,
and at any cost. In all probability they will com-
mence by a vigorous bombardment. Picture to
yourself for one moment the horrors that will ensue
when shells of the largest size come plunging into
the narrow streets in the poorer quarters of the
town, burying hundreds in the ruins at every shot.
I fully expect scenes will yet take place here such
as have not been witnessed since the massacre of
Magdeburg, or the storming of Ismail. I -do not
know upon whose shoulders the responsibility
ought to fall, but whoever he may be his burden
will not be very easy certainly.
March 13.—Omer Paella, accompanied by Colonel
Simmons, went this morning to Balakiava in the
Valorous. He returns to-night or to-morrow morn-
ing. Rumours of an approaching attack are still
afloat.

VISIT OF TELE EMPEROR AND EMPRESS

OF TEE FRENCH.

(Front Galignani's 211essenger. )
The Constitutionnel, almost alone, has a political
article on the present state of affairs, and the pros-
pects of the future connected witli certain specu-
lations on the mission of M. Drouyn de l'Huys to
Vienna and the Imperial visit to London. It
says :—" The conference of Vienna is on the eve of
acquiring a new character and importance. The.
English Government is already represented there
by one of the leading members of the British Cabi-
net. Our Minister of Foreign affairs, M. Drouyn
de l'Huys, proceeds, on his part, to Vienna, after
having been to confer with Lords Palmerston and
Clarendon in London. Lastly, Aali Pacha, the
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey, goes equally
to assist in the deliberations of the congress. It
seems difficult enough to believe that M. .DrouYn
de l'Huys, that Lord Jahn Russell, and that Aali
Pacha should have simultaneously consented to
join M. de Buol in personally taking part in deli-
berations which they could direct from a distance,
if they were not animated with a sincere desire Of
conciliation, and if they had not a confident hope
that their efforts were not without some chance of
resulting in peace ; but from this desire and this
hope it is still far to a result. For the rest, whilst
they negotiate at Vienna, in the Crimea they are
still fighting, so that it may happen that by the
fortune of war and the fate of arras the situation
of to-morrow may not be that of to-day. What
means hays) we to arrive at a conception somewhat
clear of the future in the midst of these complicae
tions of the present ? From its origin the Eastern
question has not ceased to be tossed about between
these two currents simultaneous, often contrary--
the diplomatic current and the military current.
Since it as still to be governed by the unforeseen
let us not then attempt second sight, but await •
events with so much more patience and security as •
in this case, as in all, man agitates and God
decides. Iu any case, whatever be the result of the
deliberations of the Conference, the Eastern quet
tion will have been the cause of great political ma- .
nifestations and of powerful international alliances.
The invitation addressed by her Majesty the Queen
of Great Britain to their Majesties the Emperor
and Empress of the French is, most assuredly, in
every point of view an event of the very highest
importance. It will decidedly remain in the 'his-
tory of the two countries as one among the most
characteristic memorabilia of this age. These two
rival nations who hold out their hands to each
other and unite their flags, after the sanguinary
combats of ages; these two interests so long hos-
tile, which at length fuse themselves in the common
interest of the progress of civilisation, of the repose
of the world, and of the happiness of humanity ;
these two sovereign families, not long since so ac-
tively hostile that one might have imagined there
could never be room for both together on the same
globe, accomplishing by their relations and their
personal sympathies, the work of union which the
relations of the two Governments and the sym-
pathies of the two peoples had commenced long
since. Is it not altogether a revolution in the
polietsof States and the destinies of Europe ?
may already be anticipated, from the language of
all the London journals, what will be the enthu-
siasticwelcomeFrench
b yg itvheen
Englishto the
Emperor and Empress
o
people. We may be
assured that the English nation will be proud and
happy to associate itself, by the demonstrations of
f the
its respect and admiration, with the testimonies of
confidence and affection of the British Govern-
ment. This visit can therefore exercise no other
than a beneficial influence on the future of the two
countries, in more closely strengthening still the
ties which unite them at the
present. Thus this
intimate union of France and England, which' was
perhaps the grandest dream of pride of the mon-
archy of 1830, has been realised by Napoleon
in all its plentitude as in all its efficacy ; for 110
does not purchase it by Zny sacrifice. This
alli-
ance was formed, it was developed, because it
was founded in the mutual desire and in the
reciprocal interest of the two Cabinets ; it is
fortified, because, in four years of reign, France
has been constituted by the Emperor so suffi-
ciently great and strong that there is no nation,
proud and powerful as it may be, which shall not
feel itself honoured in being,its ally. The moment/
for the rest, could not have been more opportunely
timed for this visit of the E:nperor and Empress of
the French to the Queen of England. It is a solemn
hour. It is not only the question of peace or war
which is agitated in the breast of the conference ;
it may be said that it is the future of Europe which
is in debate there round a board of green cloth be-
tween some diplomatists. It is natural that,' in a .
situation so grave, Queen Victoria and the Emperor
Napoleon should hare experienced the desire and,
felt the necessity of .deinonstrating in the face of
the world their perfect accord, and their resolve to
encounter with the same firmness all the eventl2:
alities of a contest in which France and England
have engaged in common their future, their honour,
and their glvry.".