The Sun.
London, England, 1855-10-16 00:00:00

LON DON, U ESDAY EVENING, UC OBER. 16. 1855.

INDIA AND EGYPT.

ALEXANDRIA, Oct. 4.—The Bombay portion of
the India mail arrived here yesterday, and the in-
telligence is sent on this day to Malta by the screw
steamer Teneriffe, to be forwarded thence by the
first opportunity -to Marseilles. The steamer from
Calcutta is not expected to reach Suez for two or
three days yet, and the English steamer from
Southampton will not arrive before to-morrow.
The Nile is very low this year, and the supply
of water for the cultivation of the land will be
much below the average, and next year's crops will
consequently be short..
said Pasha, the Viceroy, has been on the railway
as far as Beuka, where a bridge is being constructed
across the ea tern branch of the Nile, and has given
orders and instructions to hasten on the works so
that the whole line to Cairo maybe completed by
the end of the year. . The French engineers are
working vigorously on the Cairo and Suez line, a
portion of the rails have already come out.to Alex-
andria, and in less than two years' time it is ex-
pected that the entire passage between Alexandria
and Suez will be performed by rail.
The embankments of the railway across the Lake
Mareotis have again been giving trouble and
anxiety to the English engineers by sinking to a
considerable degree in several parts. A great mis-
take was committed.in not making a solid founda-.'
tion for the railway at this part, instead of merely
making a causeway of loose earth across.
Said Pasha is still playing at soldiers, and devotes
most of his time to drilling and exercising them.
rho present high prices of grain bring him in au
enormous surplus revenue, so that, money being
abundant, he cares for little else.

Exchange on London 794 piasters per pound
sterling.

The following summary of events is taken from
the Overland Bombay Times of September 12 :
" India is tranquil throughout. The Ava embassy
proceeds auspiciously. A favourable fall of rain promises
,o avert the apprehended famine and limit the calamity
to a scarcity. Trade is dull, and freights are low, al-
most beyond precedent. The most gratifying intelli-
.;ence of the past fortnight is the improvement in the
state of the weather ; if the fall of rain at Bombay has
been general we shall probably be relieved of the scourge
of famine—scarcity and dearth are inevitable. We can-
not look for anything like an average crop, but the
pressure will, we trust, stop short of starvation.
" The Santhal insurr, ction is not yet entirely subdued;
the insurgents are still scattered over the country, but.
the outrages with which their career commenced have in
great measure ended. The hope of supernatural aid
has failed them. Their leader has been captured. Seven
thousand of those engaged in the outbreak have surrand-
'ered. They find that their bows and arrows have not

the slighest chance against our musketry, and that any
mass of them, however large, is 'scattered by any de-
tachment of our troops, however small. As the move-
ment has thus become as purposeless as it is impotent
—as the malcontents are without a guide or a purpose
—and as they find themselves shot down or made pri-
ioners whenever they are overtaken, all idea of serious
langer from them has ceased. They are said to be en-
deavouring to emigrate with their families deeper into
the mountains, in hopes of finding a place of refuge so
remote that justice will not reach them. Their recent
outrages cannot be overlooked, and• the plan formerly
ointed at of deporting them whole ale to British Bur-

,nah seems very likely to be fallen back upon.
" We have heard of no disturbance since our last on
the north-west frontier, and, though we never can ex-
pect to be wholly free of outrages on the highland line,
these promise speedily to become reduced to petty
raids and isolated liftings—universal wherever a rich
owland stretches up to the base of barren and impene-
trable mountains.

" The dissentients in Oude have become suddenly re-
conciled, under the apprehension of immediate annexa-
tion, awakened by the appearance of the Military Secre-
tary to the Governor-General on a special mission to the
Resident. The commotion was temporary and unex-
pected ; its continuance or extension might have has-
tened the crisis, which is not averted by its disap-
pearance.

" In British Burmah everything seems tranquil, the
usual enteute of the prisoners working out of doors under
e guard scarcely forming an exception. The Embassy
iroceeds auspiciously on its way to Ava, experiencing
warmest welcome as it advances. Apprehensions
seem to be entertained by the natives that the Golden
Foot may decline what is desired of him, and hostilities
he resumed. His Majesty, luckily, is not misled by the
eloquence of the peace party in England, for the excel-
lent reason that he is ignorant of its existence, and is
perfectly aware from what he has seen, that when our
troops next take the field, Burmah to its utmost boun-
dary 'becomes a British province. _ _

" We have the usual disturbances in the Nizam's do-
minions, though scarcely to the customary extent.
" The chief fighting in India is kept: or the cold
weather.

" There has been a trifling outbreak a the Rewa
Caunta, a province belonging to the Guicowar, between
a couple of rival sects of Mahomedans. The political
agent, Major Wallace, to avert bloodAed, called out
a couple of guns and 370 men from Baroda, and the
approach of a force such as this is likely to prevent fur-
ther mischief.

" Active movements have of late taken place in the
Parsee community, with a view to the improvement of
the laws and institutions of the caste, making them more
worthy than they have hitherto been of the position the
most energetic body of our natives enjoy. Their clergy
have set themselves against all reform.
" The . Government arrangements for the establish-
ment of a museum are now completed, the buildings are
being prepared, and specimens are being collected under
the charge of a committee consisting of Dr. linpev,
chairman ; Professor Fraser, Professor Sinclair, Mr. W.
F. Hunter, and Dr. Buist, secretary and curator. It is
hoped that the public will be admitted by Christmas.
The Governor-General, it is understood, will visit Bur-
mah on his return to Calcutta, and remain with us till
February; Lord Barris is on the Neilgherries with
Lord Dalhousie ; Lord Elphinstone is at Bombay. Trade
is in a very depressed state, and freights have gone still
further down. There is no change in the money-
market."

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
THE BOMBAY MARKET.
From August 29 to September 11.
The Overland Mail from London of the 10th August
was received in Bombay early on the morning of the 4tll
inst., having been brought on to Bombay from Aden by
the Peninsular and Oriental steamer Norna, and the ad-
ditional arrivals from the west are :—From Liverpool—
The Napoleon 111., Viscount Sandon, Henry Moore,
and James Pilkington. From Glasgow—The Jane Jack
Mitchell, and Allred the Great. From Hull—The
Bowden. From London via Kurrachee—The Aar-
mion, and Kenilworth. From Gravesend—The Hi-
bernia. From Greenock—Toe Rosina.

Our money-market during the fortnight has been with-
out change, and rates of interest continue the same ; but
as money is now coming more in demand we do not an-
ticipate lower rates. Transactions in Government se-
curities have been limited, but a slight improvement on
our former quotations has taken place.
A seasonable change, we are happy to say, has oc-
curred in the weather since our last commercial report,
and there is now reason to hope that a famine, which at
one time seemed inevitable, will be averted, although
dearth and scarcity to a considerable extent must prevail
in consequence of the failure of our monsoon. Up to
the present time about 45 inches of rain have been mea-
sured, or little more than half of our average supply.
Appearances, however, are in favour of a continuance of
rain, which has fallen he4vily within the last 48 hours,
and we hope this great deficiency will be lessened. The
reports from the interior are more encouraging than they
were, still the prospects of our import market are far
from promising, for, although there is reason to believe
that British manufactures are in moderate supply up
country, still dealers tender lower prices than previously
ranged, which holders have met to some small extent ;
but, should rain continue to fall for another week or ten
days, a reaction, we think, will take place, and a gene-
ral improvement be apparent in both demand and prices.
Cotton Piece Goods.—The supplies in hand of all de-
scriptions, save yarns and bleached goods, are ample,
and prices in most descriptions of cotton fabrics have
gone back, as also in some counts of grey yarns, but
even of these the stocks are sufficiently large to prevent
any material rise in value, and, with what is on the way,
more than ample for the requirements of our market.
Metals.—The market continues firm, and prices are
steadily advancing, but although stocks are nearly ex-
hausted, they do not yet realise remunerative rates.
Cochineal.—We have heard of a sale to the extent of
1,2001 b., at 3r. la. per lb.
Saffron.—A batch of 3001 b. damaged realised 3r. per
lb., but good quality is in demand at a further advance.
Beer and Spirits.—The following sales have transpired:
—75 hhds. salt beer, 45r. per hhd. ; 30 hhds. Berwick
beer, 41r. per hhd. ; 50 hhds. Dawson's beer, 35r. 6a.
per hhd. ; 50 cases of gin, 15 square bottles each, 13r.
Sa. per case ; 400 dozen French brandy, 10r. per dozen.

with better accounts of the monsoon, have been de-
clining, and. may now be quoted I,ooof. for Mundleisir,
985 r. per ches.t Indore. The steamer of the 2d inst.
had 1,658 chests.

Hemp. -In this there is little change to report, all de-
Ecriptions being as last reported, except Rajapore, which
is slightly lower. Transactions are-100 caildies Raja•
pore hemp, 35r. per candy.
Pepper.—The demand is very languid, and, in the
absefice of transaction:*,; prices .here declined lr. per
candy. ,

Tonnage is abundant, but the ratos have fallen, and
:21'..154..per ton to Liverpool may now be quoted as the
rate of the day ; we have heard of an engagement under
particular arrangement at 3/. Se%eral vessels are on
the, btrth •for China, and,' with an increased business
doing in cotton for that quarter, rates have advanced to'
12r. to 13r. per candy. •
Exchange on, England daring. the fortnight ruled
steadily at the following quotations :-23. 1 5-16 d. to
2s. 10. for China, and first-class credit ; and 2s. lid.
to 2s. 1 9-16. for documents. On Calcutta we quote
1011r.'at sight, and 991 r. at 60 days' sight ; on Madras,
par at 30 days sight ; and on China; 217 r. at 60 days'
'sight. ,

THE ALLIED AP.MiES.

(Front a Correspondent of the Tams.)

• CAMP OP THE ALLIED ARMIES ON
THE TCHERNAYA, Oct. 2.
In the absence of stirring events on this
.side, the
news from Eupatc•ria has rivetted the whole attention
for the last two days.
On Saturday last the French' and urkish cavalry
went out from Eupatoria on the road to Perekop. After
having crossed the stone bridge which leads over the
creek running inland from Sa-,ik they formed in three
columns, with tha French cavalry in the centre an-I the
Turkish cavalry on both wings, and pushed forward.
The Russian outposts fell slowly back, drawing up by
degrees their reserves on all sides, and bringing up their
horse artillery. They had, however, with a Turkish
commander, no more to do, and a succession of well-
directed manoeuvres forced them to stand, when the
French cavalry charged in the most brilliant manner,
broke them, and took six guns and 200 prisoners. The
French and Turks followed them up nearly 14 miles
inland, and then returned with their trophies to Eupa-
tcria.

It is stated that General d'Allonville, the French
commander of this expedition, has pledged himself to
cut off a'l communication with Perekop if they send him
a division of French or English infantry, or some more
cavalry. This statement is not so surprising as the fact
that nearly four weeks after the fall of Sebastopol no
measures have been taken to effect this object, which
must be always of the utmost importance, whether one
is of opinion that the Russians intend to evacuate the
Crimea before the winter or not. In the first place, a
large cavalry force on the flank would be much more
efficient in hastening a retreat than large columns of in-
fantry, or even cavalry, in the rear; and, in the second, a
considerable force in 'Eupatoria, principally of cavalry, at
the present moment, when the harvests north of theisthinus
of Perekop afford the best opportunity of filling the Rus-
sian magazines in the Crimea, and when the state of the
roads facilitates the convoy of pr.ovieions—weuld force
the Russians to.eend an army with every convoy, or
else convince them better than anything else of the im-
possibility of remaining in the Crimea during another
winter.. The force which is now at Eupatoria. may in-
flict losses on the Russians in the immediate neighbour-
hood of Eupatoria, but it is scarcely sufficient to injure
seriously and permanently even the communication by
the isthmus of Perekop. Now, it must not be forgotten
that this isthmus is not the only line of communication
of the Russians with the north. Without taking into
consideration the spit or isthmus of Arabat, which, from
its precarious character, can scarcely be reckoned as a
permanent line of communication, the Russians con-
structed in the course of last year a military road across
the peninsular of Tchongar, to the east of Perekop,
which leads down directly to Simpheropol, running
nearly parallel, but not uniting with that coming from
Perekop to Simpheropol. -
Ralf- measures; therefore, cannot greatly hinder the
Russians in their communications. Such encounters as
that on Saturday last will doubtless inspire the Russians
with considerable respect for the cavalry of the. allied
armies, or rather for the French cavalry, for there is not
a man of our splendid cavalry in Eupatoria. They will,
unless they have an humus() advantage in numbers,
most studiously avoid them, but as soon as they retire
the Russian cavalry will come back. In fact, it is the
best and easiest way of securing the safety of their line
of communication to amuse the forces at Eupatoria,
which are not strong enough to venture to send flying
columns into the interior, by the will-o'-the-wisp eye
tem of manoeuvring, even at the risk of being, like lost
time, caught occasionally, and of losifig a few hundred
men and some guns.
• But even these partial efforts of the French are better
than the complete inactivity in which our cavalry
passes its days in Karanyi. A. look at the map, or a
ride about the Baidar valley, which at least nine-tenths
of our officers have made, must convince everybody that,
although there are spots in which cavalry charges might
be effected, yet that this part of; he country is not fit to
act 'with cavalry on a grand scale ; besides, as it could
neither. be expected that they 'should distinguish them-
selves in the trenches, nor scale the heights of Mackenzie
or Aitodar, it seems certainly strange that such a large
force of cavalry should have remained without employ.
went, when there was scope enough for it in another
place, and when every one was burning with the desire
to show that the charge of Balakiava has not at all shaken
the confidence of the men and officers, unless one sup-
poses that the anxiety of avoiding one fault makes us
fall into another. Last year the results of the battle of
the Alma were certainly crippled from want of cavalry,
and might have created a conviction that it is very un-
desirable to deprive an advancing army of a propor-
tionate forge of cavalry, but this year we have, together
with our allies, cavalry enough for both purposes ; and
certainly Government cannot he accused of shortcomings
in this respect.
There were already several days ago rumours of an
affair between the detachment of the.loth Hussars at
Kerteh and the Russians, which, as they were rather
vague, I did not mention in my last letter. They are
now a fact, the details of which are, I learn, as follows
—The detachments of Chasseurs d'Afrigne and of the
10th Hussars went out for a reconnaissance, the former
as first column, the second in support. The Chasseurs
d'Afrique, being as much as 10 or 12 miles ahead, fell in
with a body of Russian cavalry numbering nigh 600
men, and, not being able to encounter them with such
odds, being only a troop of scarcely more than 100 men,
they sent back to the place where the Hussars were sta-
tioned to get reinforcements. The commander of the latter,
unwilling to leave the position which was to insure a
safe retreat unprotected, left one troop there, and ad-
vanced with the other ; but as the distance was consi-
derable, and it was essential not to fatigue the horses,
he could only arrive at nightfall at the appointed spot.
The French Chasseurs, in the meantime, had found
means of retiring, and when the morning broke the
troop of Hussars found itself alone, and its retreat cut
off by the Russian cavalry, which is following the
French had come into their rear. So nothing remained
but to break a way through the enemy's squadrons, and
this was done most gallantly, with the loss of only 16
men,—a new proof that Russian cavalry has not the
least chance, even with such great odds in its favour, in
encountering English cavalry, whether Dragoons or
Hussars, light or heavy ; bat it is likewise a slight me-
mento of the often-experienced, one might say, stale
truth, that divided command is just as bad, if not worse,
'for cavalry than for infantry, and that it does not an-
swer better in field than in siege Operations.
Nothing new on the Tchernaya. The time passes in
drilling, and rifle and band practice, enlivened occa-
sionally by a shot from one of the Russian cliff batteries
on Mackenzie's ridge. They greet us every morning at
daybreak, as if to refute the idea of an intention of the
Russians to retreat.
The Piedmontese are busy with the railway and with
hutting. If one sees the huts gradutilly rising, and
seemingly without trouble, one cannot help making
melancholy reflections, remembering the difference from
last year, when trenches, and want of tools and mate-
rials, made the construction of the most wretched hovel
appear a work of gigantic efforts. But the difference
suggests, on the other hand, an agreeable prospect for
the winter ; plenty of wood and leisure enough for the !
construction of a town. The Sardinians have evidently
followed in the construction of their huts the system of
Tartar sheds—sticks planted in the ground, and inter-
woven with branches,' the whole plastered over with
mud, and then the roof covered with earth, or if possible,
with tiles collected from the ruined houses in the neigh-
bourhood.

The French have now nearly completed the road
across the valley which connects the Feduikhine heights
on the bank of the Tchernaya with their main road
from Kamiesh, which hitherto did not go further than
the Col de Balaklava.
The Turks alone have not yet made any arrangemeets
for the winter, except serving out t. he short sheepskin
coats to the men. The cause of thisis that their fate
seems not yet to bo decided, whether they will remain
here or be seat to Asia ; the latter alternative is, how-
ever, the more generally assumed, and hopes are enter-
tained that by the end of this month the last fez-capped
soldier will have left this part of the Crimea. In the
meantime only the Cha,seurs have gone.
At Baidar the French still occupy their position on
the heights commanding the two roads to the north,
making occasional descents into Koukoulossa and Mar-
keul on one side, and Ozembash on the other. They
are still occupied in making the roads across the valley
as well as up the heights practicable for an army. The
main road used by the Tartars from Baidar to Bakshi-
Serai is that which leads by Ourkusta to Ozembash, and
thence across the Tchouliou and up by Aitodor to the
plateau ; but even this is wretched, or at least was so
before the French laid hands on it. The other, which
leads up between the two points called by the Tartars
-Vella Bashi (" Head of the Yaila"), and Tekui-bair
(from its shape resembling an inverted washing tub), is
even worse ; and, as it is only used occasionally as a
cart road, needs even mere reparation than the former.
The Russians have entirely retired from Markoul and
Koukouloussa, and have, with the exception of their

outposts, retired to Fot-Sala, at the confluence of seve-
ral moue tainstreams with the Belbek. They have thrown
up batteries to command the defile of the river and the
two roads branching out from that point, one along the
banks of the Belbek to Alband and Kutschuk Sioren,
and thence to Bakshi-Serai ; the other towards Airgoul,
leading into the road between Bakshi Sergi and Simphe-
ropol. Besides the fort at Fut-Sala the Russians have
likewise fortified the passage near Airgoul and Kerment-
sLik, on the one side, and near Alband and Kutsebuk
Sioren on the other. The disadvantage for an attacking
party on this side will always be the want of space for
forming au attack; and thus. bringing up at once a suffi-
cient number of men to carry a point.
But, if report be true, the Russians are nct about to
be satisfiel with the defence of their strong poeidons ;
they intend pushing back the French divisions from the
threatening position . which they have assumed on the
heights above the valley of Baidar. They have sent for
this purpose about 2,000 Greek volunteers on the moun-
tain of Yaila, that they may, in case of a successful
Russian attack in front, fall on the flank of the retreat-
ing French. This movement may, however, be only to
insure complete security from an attack on that side ;
for, although there are no other than footpaths over these
mountains, yet, where shepherds and cattle can climb
up, there is no reason to suppose that an active Chas-
seur-41Died or an enterprising Zouave could, not climb up
too.

Nothing can exceed the willingness of the Tartars to
heap us by giving information, as well as what is left
then of provisions. It would be only des.irable that a
greater. strictness prevailed about payment, for the
people in the villages, although rich enough before the
war, have been exposed to the exactions of Russian
troopers?.

, •
Yesterday, in riding over the position there, I was
told a tragic story of one of the Tartars employed by us,
which seemed to have produced a great sensation among
the people, although, as you will see, he, and not fate,
was in ia,ult. He was a native of the villago of Baza,
and was engaged to. some Tartar beauty at Markoul.
When the French occupied the heights and the roads,
and when the Russians were no more seen in Markoul
itself, his desire to see his bride was greater than would
be warranted by prudence, which is, under ordinary cir-
cumstances, the prevalent featurecf the Tartar character,
and a natural consequence of 70 years of Russian rule ;
so he went'down. lie was seen by some prowling Cos-
sacks, who shot at hlni, wounded him in the shoulder,
and then carried him off.i