The Sun.
London, England, 1855-07-03 00:00:00

RUSSIA.

A letter from St. Petersburg of 23d ult. says :
—" General Read has been nominated comman-
der-in-chief of the troops at Nicolaieff, who, it
is now stated, amount to 65,000. Ismail and
Bender are being fortified. General Luders has
returned to Kischeneff. Letters from Simpheropol
represent that the road from Perekop to that place
is literally covered by uninterrupted lines of
vehicles containing stores and ammunition, and of
infantry, cavalry, and artillery. The letters, how-
ever, complain that provisions were dear, though
they pretend that the Crimea has received supplies
sufficient to last through the winter. As the Tartars
now require 15 or 20 roubles a month for work for
which they were formerly content with 5, 3,000
peasants have been sent from the neighbouring
provinces to undertake the labours of the harvest.
A line of electric telegraph has been opened be-
tween Odessa and St. Petersburg, and before long
telegraphic communications will be established
between St. Petersburg and Sebastopol. Troops,
consisting principally of regiments of the 2d, 3d,
and sth corps d'armec, with artillery, are being
sent incessantly from Odessa to Nicolaieff, and thab
town is full of soldiers. The corps of grenadiers
has joined General Luders, and has made his army
an imposing one.

The Musical Union will hold its last meeting on Tues-
day next. The Earl of Westmoreland, vice-president of
the institution, -is daily expected in London from Vienna.
The Duperre, line-of-battle ship, left Toul,,n on the
30th ult. for Constantinople with stores and ammunition
for the army.
The Piemonte of Turin announces that, on the 24th
ult., the Tribunal of the Sacred Consulta at IZ9me una-
nimously sentenced Defelici (the man who attempted
the life of Cardinal Antcnelli) to death.
A letter from Hayti, of the Ist ult., announces that
the Emperor Soulouque had been attacked with a grave
malady, which left little hope of his recovery ; he had,
it says, been given up by his physicians.
The Piedmontc4e Gctatte status that the Sardinian
hospital at Kamara is extremely well organised, and
that the Commander-in-Chief has obtained some mar-
quees for the convalescents, where they, are better off
than in huts,

ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM.

No. V.

--~- -

THE SUFFRAGE.
Vox populi vox Del.
TO THE EDITOR OP THE SUN.

erecting a building for endurance there
is nothing like the Egyptian style of architecture.
The Pyramids have stood the wrack of ages be-
cause they are founded on a mighty base.
It has often been attempted to liken our own
political edifice to the works of the Pharoahs, but
it is a mistake. A bastard order has been substi-
tuted for it, and therefore requires constant inter-
meddling. Ours is nut built on the deep and broad
foundation of au united people. There is no so-
lidity in its arcades and columns of all sizes and
patterns—from the ponderous bulwark of the West
Riding to the slender prop of Arundel or Wilton.
It is hollow, irregular, wanting cohesion, and
affording openings fur further dislocations. The
rats can riot in its cavities, and the moles have
space to turn up their little hills, and loosen the
soil in which the whole is embedded. Whereas, if
unit touched unit, side by side, shoulder to shoulder,
layer after layer, in ever-ascending gradation—no
break, no hollow, until it terminated in the chief
magistrate at the apex—the solid earth itself must
be shaken from its centre before the superincunr
bent mass. could totter or fall.

I do confess I love a consistent theory, and
though the action of the social compact is to a great
extent a series of compromises, yet we must ever
approximate towards sound principles to secure
safety—as in nature everything tends to an equi-
librium, though there is frequent disturLance of
the general balance. This is the vital, regulating
principle we should strive to infuse into our con'
stitution—a capacity of self-adjustment and resto-
ration to order. Equal justice must be the founda-
tion, and truth the cement for an abiding state.
Where slavery is—where gross political inequality
exists—where the unities are disregarded, there is
and must be discontent, revolution, and overthrotr.
Will any one examine the present state of the
suffrage, and say there is not gross inequality and
social degradation antagonistic to contentment.
Ashton has 29,791 inhabitants, and 937 electors ;
Birmingham, 232,811 people, and only 7,936 free
of the constitution. The same relative numbers
are, for Bolton 1 in 36, Devonport 1 in 24, Exeter
1 in 16, Finsbury 1 in 15, Hull 1 in 16, Leeds 1
in 26, and Portsmouth 1 in 22—the proportions of
free men to the entire population. Leaving out
women and children, what is there in the fact of 1
man in 10 having a 40s. freehold, or r. rating a 101.
house, that entitles him (logically) to say, or any
one for him, to the other 9—Stand aside, for I wiz
worthier than ye ?
It is an insult, an impertinence, and a crying
injustice. If the injury were merely on paper it
probably would be endured, so little are we prone
to change ; but it is not—it touches the every-dal
things of life, and meddles with the Sabbath. It
seals up to the people our museums and galleries,
as it would the rail and the river. It closes the
Crystal Palace, to whip the wearied mechanic or
shop-boy to the drawling dullness of some apoplee'
tic vicar. And not content with all this, the
nominees of the minority of a State, professedly
representative, attempt to apply their power to the
thraldom of nineteen-twentieths of those who hall
no part in them ; and with sneaking hypocrisy anu,
disgusting cant, whine and drive over, curb and
curtail the Sunday dinner and .excursion, the
necessary refreshment of the poor mechanic, worily
weary, and exhausted with the labours of a week
while they tolerate Tattersall's betting in church
hours, allow Hy de Park to be thronged with car'
riages, the clubs to provide their costly dainties;
and aristocratic luxury to be indulged unchecked
in the eye of day, on that special one which they
profess to be so sacred in the case of the poor.
Woe unto ye, scribes and pharisees, hypocrites
that bind heavy burdens, and grievous to be borne,
on the necks of the poor, which ye will not so much
as touch with your little finger !
No wonder that, exasperated with such sick();
Agnewism, the spirit of endurance gave way, and
the harassed multitude upbraided the self-convicted
desecrators with their own defalcations. " GOI
church—go to church "ye sinners in Satin all
Saxony : rest your horses, your men-servants, aid
your maid servants ; eat cold mutton, or mortiff,
yourselves with fasting, and then come and 01'1
to us about keeping holy the Sabbath day, and not
till then.

In a representative state any thing that stops
short of the full development of the theory is at
best a sacrifice to expediency, and may be au offer'
ins to injustice.

It is said you must draw a line somewhere ;
cannot enfranchise women and children. As to
the first, I pass that with a query ; but the second
is no parallel, as all children are treated alike.
one child of any age was allowed a vote, other°
would have equal right. It is because he is an
infant and presumed incapable that he is uneir
franchised, not because he is, as a child, rich ?t
„
poor ; but among men the freedom is given not r
him as a man, but as a man of property. It is 06
donkey gives the owner his vote.
There is clearly no analogy here. It is withheld
from the child from want of age, which a little lifl
will cure, and with life will certainly arrive. It?,
linked with other privileges and disabilities, as b:
make a will, or to prejudice himself by a contract'
It is withheld from the man not from want of 4,1
or capacity, but _of fortune, which no time NIP
necessarily bestow.
Justice, then, not denying the boon of of part
cipation in self-government, what is the obstacle t
its full enjoyment ? For my part lam eentelP
to be on the side of justice, but what does fO,.
3f
whisper ? " There is danger in enfranchising the
masses ; they are ignorant, brutal, and untrust'
worthy."
For their ignorance, whose fault is that ?
generation has arisen since this matter was mootecii,
and your self elected nostrum.-mongershave been 20
years squabbling over schemes of education, secular
and religious, and have adopted none ; refusing 31„
because each cannot be gratified with his qtl36'
specific.

Will any one dare to proclaim now that the
worker is not to be trusted with his own rights
The poor Irish Catholic is in our armies, side by
side with the sturdy Scotch Presbyterian and Eng'
lish Protestant, and neither is wanting to dutff
in danger or in death. By land and on sea, 0
home and abroad, in the field and the factory, the
sinews, the skill, and the heart of the poor man 13
with his country—his ungrateful country, which
says he is not to be trusted with the noblest right 3
of freemen.

What if, in the year of revolution and contincO;
tal anarchy, the contagion of conspiracy extendel
itself to a few misguided men in this country
i
What if the mutterings of discontent, in periods °
oppression and suffering, occasionally vent them
selves in factious assemblies and threatening
monstrations. Remember it is provoked by tb
sense of injustice, and under the goading of wan'
and misery.
But now they show their true nobility, and
generous soundness of their social sympathi&
When the country is drained of its soldiers instil:,
rection would be less hazardous, yet there is 13„"
rising to abate their alleged grievances ; they
~°:
not gather tumultuously together to threaten to.„;
Government, and wrest the management from V'
hands of usurpers.
No, it is the comfortable middle classes,
rich citizen, the smug tradesman, who are no:
banded together in peaceable alliance to set allay
on a sounder basis, to zeform our administratioll
invigorate our executive, overturn nepotism, 50'
purefe the State of its many ulcers. I trust tbdi
wethis time reward with the communication °
all their long-withheld and dearly-deserved Iran'
chises, the long suffering, the loyalty, the courage.
and devotion of the masses, who helped them b3l
fore to win their own rights, without whose sit
they will do little, against nothing ; and tha,,
among all the efforts for cc Administrative Reforin,
the extension of the suffrage will not be neglected'
Wisdom, prudence, justice, and strength, nude
the same banner, are omnipotent, and directed t°
one end they will soon find that " the voice of th°
people is indeed the voice of God."—l am, Sir,
yours faithfully, SL. CARTER.
Exeter, 30th June, 1855.

A MONSTER SIXPENNY EXCURSlON.—Yesterday wore;
in g many thousands of the poorer inhabitants of ChriB
°
aurch and its vicinity, through the benevolence of tu
rector, the Rev. Mr. Brown, Mnd a committee of hole,
and gentlemen, left. the South-Western Railway terwintit
for Richmond, and other places, for a day's excursion, ¢f
the small sum of sixpence for each passenger, the rest 4/
the expenses being defrayed by the rev. gentleman, the
committee, and some wealthy inhabitants of the parien
BOILER EXPLOSION.—'TREE MEN KILLED.—Abe'e
half-past two o'c'ock on Saturday morning last a lergi
tubular boiler in the ironworks known as the Dud,'e,',
Fort Field Works, the property of Mr. Frederick Gi'es,-e
of Handsworth, exploded, k•Ding two persons on t'of
spot, and severely injuring about a dozen others, one
whom expired immediately afterwards, and some of tb
others are scarcely expected to survive. The cause o
the accident is at present unknown.
be° GENP.RAL HOSPITAL. FORT PITT.—Her Majesty
been graciously pleased to send three excellent 3,r,1
Lu three men with fractured arms who attrael,,
special notice on her vi-it to Fort Pitt—Private 0/
Denny, Lit Va,ttA lion of Rifle Btigale, severe gull Elio;
wound through the left arm, bone permanently injure I)
James 0:v-nharn, 30th Regiment, canister shot throeff
upper part of riglit arm, smashing the bone ; and 111130
Cox, 20th Regiment, gun shot wound through r'ooo
breast and arm, bone of latter permanently injured.
00
rata of these slings was inscribed— 4' A Present fr
her Majesty,"

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