The Sun.
London, England, 1855-07-23 00:00:00

LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JULY 23, 1855.

Naval and Military Intelligence.

The City of London steam-transport arrived at Spit-
head from the• East on Saturday afternoon, and left for
London. She brought "no news-or invalids. The Hy-'
daspes, Captain Baker, went into Portsrisouth harbour.
on Saturday afternoon, to land her invalids at the dock-
yard, whence they marched to barrack quarters. About
a dozen only required cabs, and these.were seat to the
Military 'Hospital. The Alps steam transport, Captain
Moody, left Spithead for Deptford, after •landing. her,
passengers on Saturday night. The Gorgon, 6, piddle
sloop, eCbrithiander: Crawford; left Spithead on Saturday
for Sheerness ; it is believed she is ordered there to take
charge of one of the floating batteries' for the Baltic.
The Hermes, 6, paddle sloop, Commander Coryton, left
Spithead on Saturday, for the West India station, call:
ing at Plymontl.
It is stated that the great boon for, which the a,sslst-
ant-surgeons of her Majesty's navy have been 'so long
straggling las.been granted, and that they will all hence-
forth take up their position as wardroom officers.
Her 'Majesty's steamer Rhadarnanthus arrived at
Portsmouth yesterday from.the eastward.
The Owen Glendower, Captain W. H. Pare, after
embarking 'passengers and• steok, sailed on Saturday
from Portsmouth for the Cape and Cannamore.
On Saturday, 95 men and 75 horses belongirigio the
Turkish Contingent, the 46th Regiment, and the Land
Transport Corps, were safely embarked at Liverpool on
board the steamer City of Aberdeisfe, which afterwards
sailed. for the,Crimea. To-day 170 horses, 124 men, and
7 officers of the let Dragoon Guaids, the 4th tight`
pragiaansomd the Bth Hussars,-will be embarked on
board-the- steam. ahio Arabia, in which they will be eon-
izgyed direct to Balaklava. The steamer Imperratrice
will sail on the. 2tli instant. with the 56th Regiment on
board,' part of which she will embark at Liverpool, 'and
the remainder at Queenstown. The Resolute will
take her departure about the same time from Liverpdol,
with detachments of the lst'and sth Dragoons, and Ist,
13th, 14th, and 9th Foot, and 116 horses. '
The Government troop-ship Resolute, in her first trip
to Balaklava, arrived out on,the 18th June, after a re-
markably quick run. Having landed the whole of the
horses without an accident, she was ordered 'to be
cleaned and made ready. to return. 'ln a very short time
she re-entered the port, having ample accommodation for
a large number of men, and with a provision for six
months. Notwithstanding, however, that there were
numerous invalids who required removal, she was or-
dered to proceed to England with great despatch, call-
ing at Constantinople. At that port the order for im-
mediite departure; was renewed, and she arrived in the
Mersey without a passenger or a single
_package
.on
board. She his been in port about a- week, and, as will
be seen, by the above statement, is yep waiting for troops
and hOrses.
The Royal Mail Company's steam-ship Orinoco, Cap-
tain Wilson, No. 218, as stated in. The Sun of Satur-
day, shipped horses and troops at Southampton on that
.and the- previous day, and hauled ont into the river on
Saturday evening amid immense cheers from the men
on board and the spectators on shore. In consequence
the non-arrival of 29 horses ordered to be shipped the
Orinoco had not left for de4tinationlast evening:
The paddle-Wheel steam-sloop Virago. 6, Commander
Marshall, from Portsmouth, arrived in Plymouth Sound
on Saturday afternoon. The- screw steam-ship Bruns:
wick, 80, was taken out of dock at Devonport on Tues-
day and placed in the basin at KeYham, where she is
receiving' her machinery. The frigate Seahorse was
docked on Tuesday to be fitted as a screw steam-block-
ship: Thee Peingiiin,.6, Commander Etheridge, having
had her masts taken out, has been placed in ordinary.
The crew were paid off on Friday ; the continuous ser-
vice men have been granted leave until the 31st of
August ; the remainder are at liberty to join a ship or
not. This is the first crew who have' been allowed this
privilege since the commencement of the war. The screw
steam-ship Sanspareil, 71, Capt. W. G. Williams, having
had repairs made good, was taken out of Keyham basin
on Thursday, to be fitted fOr commission. The Ha;
vannah, 19, having been repaired,--is ordered to be com-
missioned forthwith. It is intended to launch the screw
steam:ship Satellite, 50, now' building in No. 2 slip, at
Devonport, on the 27th of August next. Sixty rope-
makers and 20 boys are ordered to be entered immedi-
ately in that yard.
The mail-steamer Retriever, Captain Mackintosh, is
to leave Plymouth to-morrow for Madeira and the West
Coast of Africa. •

The Black Eagle paddle-wheel steam-yacht, Master-
Commander John E. Petley, made her number en 'de-
mand, at seven o'clock p.m. on Friday, passing down
Sea Reach, on her way to the Downs from Woolwich,
to communicate with three French men-of-war reported
to be then in the Downs.

' The Thunder, 14, floating battery, Mr. James Leys,
in charge of the machinery department, arrived at
Sheerness at 10.30 a.m. on Saturday, assisted by the
Dee, 4, paddle-wheel steam-transport, Master-Com-
mander T. C. Pullen, and the Rhadamafithus, 4, piddle-
wheel steam-transport, Master-Commander johnßelam.
After the Thunder had anchored, 'the Rhadamanthus
proceeded for. Portsmouth at 11.35 a.m., with steam
engine machinery for the Marlborough, 131 guns, now
fitting at that port.
The Dee left-Sheerness at eight p.m., also with ma-
chinery for Portsmouth, for the same ship.
The artificers of Sheerness were busily engaged on
Saturday caulking in and making secure all the main-
deck ports of the floating batteries, Glatton and Meteor.
They have not yet commenced taking their guns on
board. They ara ordered to be ready for departure from
Sheerness to-inerrew evening. Rear-Admiral the Hon.
Maurice Frederick Fitzhardinge Berkeley, M.P., one of
the Lords of the Admiralty, arrived at Sheerness on
Saturday, and inspected both the Glatton and the Meteor.
Their destination is at present uncertain. It is rumoured
they ara to proceed, assisted by powerful steam screw-
ships, for the Black Sea on Wednesday next.
The screw steam-sloop Cruiser and the paddle-wheel
steam-vessel Albin are ordered to hold themselves
•
ready for sea.
The Otter, 3, paddle-wheel steam-vessel, Lieutenant
Commander John H. Glover, is hourly expected at Sheer-
ness from Heligoland,: after landing volunteers for the
Foreign Legion at Folkestone.
The Jupiter screw steam-transport, N0.,231,, arrived
at Sheerness from the river Thames at 8 p.m. on Satur-
day, for the Admiral's despatches and the mails. Yes-
terday,at 8 a.m. she received her mails, &c., and left for
the Baltic at 8.30 a.m.

The Calcutta, Commander Wylie, from Sierra Leone,
arrived at the Nore at 10.45 a.m. on Saturday, and pro-
ceeded to London.
About 300 men employed in the Lancaster shell fac-
tory of Woolwich Arsenal last week refused to continue
their work at a reduced salary offered them by the
superintendent, and were consequently discharged.
Circulars have been issued by these men, addressed to
persons connected with tho iron trade, to dissuade them

from accepting employment there.
Last week proof was made at Woolwich of a large
brass gun completely enveloped in copper wire. The
experiment of the invention proved a complete failure,
as the gun burst at the breech.
A general inspection of the County of Dublin Consta-
bulary force, at present stationed at the depot, Phcenix-
park, took place on Thursday morning, in the presence
of Colonel Macgregor, Lieutenant-Colonel Hatton, of
the Guards, and Colonel Brot,rne, with the view of pro-
curing volunteers into the Guards. The men, who num-
beredabout 300, including recruits, were paraded in
three divisions, and their soldierly bearing and discipline
drew forth the praise of Colonel Hatton, who explained
to them the objects of his visit, and the advantages to be
derived by becoming volunteers into the Guards, whose
intrepidity and valour during the Crimean war were the
admiration and envy of their brothers in arms.
The annual inspection of the Dublin police force by
the Lord-Lieutenant took place on Friday evening at
the Castle. The Lor 1-Lieutenant having expressed his
views respecting all he had witnessed to Col. Browne,
the latter rode forward and addressed the force. He
said he was authorised by his Excellency to state that
he was highly pleased with their appearance and dis-
cipline, and also with the accounts he had received
as to their general good conduct. He had to state
that the commissioners were not anxious to part with
any of them ; but if any man was desirous of entering
into the Queen's Guards, he coull enrol his name with
his superintendent on the following day. He would
observe that if it should happen that the British colours
were planted on the walls of Sebastopol by one of the
Dublin metropolitan police, the fact would make him 10
years younger. (Cheering.) If it was necessary he
would himself go to the war—(cheering)---and he had no
doubt that he would find 500 men among them that
would also go. In conclusion, he would ask them, be-
fore separating, to give a cheer for the Queen and the
Lord-Lieutenant. The call was responded to by hearty
cheers. Cheers were given for Lord Carlisle, Lord Se.-
ton, Lord Gough, and Colonel Browne. It was stated
that if au Irish Brigade were formed a large number of
the men would volunteer for it, and it was generally
asserted that, in a comparatively short space of time,
some thousands would be enrolled throughout the coun-
try in a body that could be distinguished and recognised
as a national corps. The Commander of the Forces, it
is said, expressed an opinion that the project would be
eminently successful, and was worthy of consideration.

SHEERNESS, SUNDAY.
There aro now at Sheerness barracks about 800 of the
Royal Artillery, the greater part of whom are daily
drilled at the long-gun exercise and general practice,
under Colonel P. V. England and Captain Cannon, of
the 13th Battalion, and Captains Fisher and Burrows.
Out of these there are two companies expected to go
out in the Transit for the Crimea, besides others which
are expected from the westward, &c, It is generally
expected this splendid transport will come here after she
has taken in one troop of horses ; but, of course, that
depends on what orders they receive from the Horse
Guards—whether they go to her or she to them.

DUBLIN, SATURDAY.

CIIRRAGH ENCAMPMENT.—Her Majesty has been
pleased to approve of Colonel James Webber Smith,
C. 8., being appointed temporarily a colonel upon the
staff in Ireland, while in command of one of the brigades
to be assembled at the Curragh. _ _

Brevet Major E. Roche, unattached, has been ap-
pointed temporarily on the staff as a brigade major.
The troops assembled at the Curragh, being under the

immediate command of the general commaniing in Ire-
land, are to report' direct to heal-quarters through the
channels prescribed by regulations of the service.
Her Majesty has also been pleased to approve of the
under-mentioned officers being placed temporarily upon
the staff of the army serving in Ireland, with a view to
their being employed at the encampment or the•Curragh
of Kildare, •

. Captain and Brevet Major George E. Hillier, half-
pay, 80th Foot, to be assistant adjutant-geaeraf.
Major O. P. B: walker, of the 7th Dragoon, Guards,
to be assistant quartermaster general.
Deputy Aiisistant Commissary General M'Clintoek
.will be stationed at the Hutment, on the Curragh of Kil-
dare, in order to superintend the execution of the com-
missariat contracts for the supply of the troops.
First-class: Stiff Surgeon Robert SMith has been ap-
pointed to do (ley at the Curragliencatripment, as prin-
cipal medical officer.

_
The general commanding has been pleased to appoint.
Sergeant' Henry Barnes, of the 7th Dragoon arnards,
superintendent proyost.serjt'ant for the encampment at
the Ciirrafgh ; and Serjeant James Withers, of the 16th
Lancers, assistant, provost serjeant. The pay of the
superintendent.provost serjeant will he made •up to 55.,
and that of the assistant to 3s. p diem.
Corporal Thos: Marshall, of th' 7th Dragoon Guards,
has been appointed an assistant u'the post-office at the
Curragh.

Yesterday 28 sick and wounded soldiers, invalided
from the army in the Crimea, arrived iii Dublin per the
Ondine steamer.
BEGGAR'S-BUSE( BARRACKS.—A norther of:sheds, built
of corruv,ated iroit, -raised on faindatiOns O.f. brick, have
been erected within the :square of these barracks for the
reception of additional troops. The sheds are commo-
dious and well constructed, under the direction of Mr.
Hemmings, the contractor. An additional number of
sheds is about being built on the waste ground outside
the barracks. The whole, when finished, will afford ac-
commodation for 800 men.

A party of the 9th Depot has arrived in Dublin to
recruit.

The 40th Depot moved to Athlone on Tuesday from
Galway.

Alexander T. Munroe, Esq., barrack-master, Sligo, is
removed to Boyle.
The Minister for War contemplates extensive addi-
tions to the Irish barracks.

Lieut. Browning Drew, 75th, is ordered with a draft
to India.

Captain Eden, aide-de-camp to his uncle, Major-
General Eden, at Kilkenny, has joined the 56th, about
to embark for the Crimea.

LIMERICK, Wednesday. Lieut.-General. Fleming,
C. 8., yesterday handed over the command of the Li-
merick district to his successor, Major-General Chatter-
ton, K.H. For three years (nays the Chronicle) the
lieutenant-general devoted himself with untiring energy
to important staff duties, 'extending over a considerable
tract of the south and west of Ireland, where the mili-
tary force has been distributed at remote and distant
stations. The ceaseless vigilance, however, of the dis-
tinguished veteran was fully equal to the responsibilities
of his command; both at head-quarters and qa,npmments.
The troops have, under Lieut.-General Fleming, learnt
the relative position of a soldier and a citizen; to estimate
that strict discipline is the best proof of obedience to le-
gitimate authority, and the sure reward to military dis-
tinction in every rank of the service. In his frequent
intercourse with officers and men no commander so hap-
pily blended the " sua.viter in modo " with the " fortiter
in re." When praise was merited or reproof found ne-
cessary there could be no mistake in the earnest sin-
cerity of Pais manner and address—qualities which never
failed to secure perfect confidence and respect. Lieut.-
Gen. Fleming retires into private life after a period of 50
years employed in the most stirring service as a regimen-
tal and staff. officer, including Sicily, Egypt, the Penin-
sula, America, and the East and West Indies. We shall
now bid him farewell for the present, in full assurance
that the best wishes of all our fellow-citizens, who have
experienced his thormigh kindliness and winning cour-
tesy, will attend the late district commander and Mrs.
Fleming when they take their departure from Limerick
for any other part of the country.—Limerick Chronicle.
A letter, dated the 2d July, from Sebastopol, from a
medical officer of the Naval Brigade, states that the

-
troops are preparing to abide another winter in the
Crimea, and that the heavy woollen clothing has bee'n
ordered.

captain Croker, 9Gth (son of the Rev. E. Croker), who
went with volunteers to the Gist, on the Bengal presi-
dency, is expected to join his regiment in Dublin next
month, en route to the Crimea.

THE 56TH REGIMENT.-This corps, knows as the Pom-
padours, now lying at the Royal Barracks, is under
orders for the Crimea, and is in hourly expectation of
the order to embark on the arrival in Kingstown of the
Government steamer which is destined to eonvey it to
the seat of war. At morning parade yesterday new
MinieTifles were served out to the regiment.
Abont 140 -men: cavalry drafts, arrived+,New-
bridge yesterday, and proceeded to Portobello \isrradks.
About 130 men of the Ist and 13th Foot are ex)ected to
arrive in town to-day, "to await embarkatien, aing up
their quarters in Linen 11111 barracks.
FIELD DAY IN THE PIICEITIX PAM:C.—A mazy and
artillery field-day took place on Saturday in the Fifteen
Acres, Phoenix Park. The troops, consisting If the 7thfA
and 3d Dragoon Guards, and the Royal Horsrtillery,
were on the ground before 11 o'clock, and wer4exercised
during three hours in a variety of evolutions and field
manoeuvres, which were executed with great precision.
The cavalry were exercised in carbine firing P l vidette
duty. The artillery performed their evolnions with
marked correctness and rapidity. The tPoPs were
marched off the field, and returned to ba,rrafics at half-
past two o'clock.

THE TUBKISET ARMY IN THE CRIMEA-.

THE HEIGHTS ABOVE 'KAMARA, JULY 10.
When I last wrote to you the Turkish army bad
just come back in a great hurry from the neigh-
bourhood of Baidar, and had encamped on the
hills along the Balakiava-road. It remained there
two days, and yesterday it went off again in just, as
greata hurry to take up another position .o'n' the
Heights above Kamara.

By this movement the allied camp is extended in
one succession down to Baidar, for, When the Turks
left that neighbourhood the other day, several re-
giments of French cavalry and infantry took their
place, so that now they form the advanced post in
that direction. Where the French cease the
Pinkish encampment begins, and 'extends. back to
the Sardinian line.

During the few 'lours which elapsed between the
departure of the Turks from Baidar and the arrival
of the French,- some hundreds of . Cossacks came
down into the valley, but contented ,themselves
with 'making requisition of, a few bullocks and
sheep, and returned again to the heights on the
other side,of the valley, taking With them the
plunder.
In the direction of Tchorgoun the Russians have
again pushed forward their outposts to the Tcher-
naya, and their videttes occupy the plateau imme-
diately above the village. They have destroyed
the bridge constructed by the Turks across the
river, and parties of them daily come down to fell
.timber, and carry it off, as well • as the beams and
rafters which still remain in some of the ruined
houses. Thus, there seems to be one universal
hutting mania, for the Turks have likewise, during
their stay in the valley, cut a good deal of timber
for the same purpose. It is a wise precaution, but
a rather saddening symptom:

Colonel Ogilvie, commanding a Turkish brigade
at Yenikale, returned a few days ago on account
of his health from the Sea of Azoff. According to
his account things are going on pretty smoothly
there. The fortifications are assuming daily a
more re-assuring character. The Sphinx, Captain
Willmot, and the little gunboats, are diligently
searching after Russian vessels and stores in the
Sea of Azoff. Abuses are checked, and order is
re-esta'dished, but I am afraid it is something
analogous to the " l'ordre regne u Varsovie" with
which the French Minister announced to the
Chambers that Warsaw wastaken by the Russians.
Most of the Greek and Russian inhabitants have
quitted, and the Tartars have seized the opportu-
nity to possess themselves of their lands. The
Russians are fortifying the Isthmus of Arabat.
The Circassians are said to have returned to Anapa.
From Eupatoria we have absolutely nothing.
There was a rumour some time ago in the camp
that some Turkish cavalry were going to be sent
down here ; but, as nothing has arrived hitherto,
it was very likely nothing more than one of the
usual " shaves." It is not cavalry which will scale
the Mackenzie ridge, or the heights of Aitodor,
and besides there is already enough English and
Prrench cavalry here, more in fact than there will
ever be an opportunity of employing in the south
of the Crimea. The steppes in the north down to
Simpheropol was the place for cavalry, and, in-
stead of sending for Turkish cavalry, we ought
rather to send up French and English.
As the, telegraphic communication with Eupato-
ria is established, there is very scarce postal com-
munication, and, although only four hours from
Kamiesch, it is easier to get a letter from America
than from Fupatoria.
The health of the Turkish troops continues to be
good. Ithink this may in some measure be attri-
buted to the continual movement in which they are
kept, and to the change of air attending it. The po-
sition which they have now chosen is for the most
part excellent in this respect. Except the few bat-
talions which are down near the bridge where the
Woronzoff road leads over the small tributary
stream of the Tchernaya, coming from the moun-
tains above Varnowka, all the troops are on the
heights. From that part, where the head-quarters
are, you get a beautiful view of the sea, and of the
shipping in the roadstead of Balaklava. Notwith-
standing the abruptness of the cliffs towards the
sea, there is a small strip of beach just there, so
that even the opportunity for sea-bathing is not
wanting ;_ but for all those who 'eannot swim it is'
rather a dangerous temptation, Tor after a few yards
the beach ceases quite suddenly; am if the cliffs, in-
terrupted for a short distance by the beach, were
continued again under the sea. When the Turks
retired the other day from Baidar some troops were
left at this point. Some of them asked for per-
mission to bathe, which was granted. One of those
who could not swim went beyond his depth, and
was sinking ; his comrade, who could swim, sprang
in after him, and, foolishly enough, gave him one
of big hands to seize hold of ; the consequence was,
that he was unable to do anything, and both were
on the point of being drowned when two others
came to their rescue, and dragged them out by
means of ropes which they had fortunately brought
down with them. But the most remarkable part
of the business was the manner in which the
Turkish doctor tried to revive the man who had
fallen in-first, and who was unconscious. He gave
orders to turn him upside down and keep his legs
in the air, which would very likely have finished
the poor man. Fortunately, the eommandidg
officer interfered, so the man, instead of being
turned upside down, was rolled along the ground,
which, somehow or other, did revive him.
It is a pity that all the surgeons sent out from En g-
land are employed in the hospitals at Varna, Eupato-
ria, and Balaklava, and. none have been attached to
the army which is in the field, for there they are
most wanted. But if we have no English surgeons
at present in the camp except Dr. Fuller, attached
to head-quarters, we have ambulance mules, with
chairs and beds in the French fashion. It is the
first time Turkish soldiers have seen anything like
them, and of course they have not the slightest idea
of using them. The other day, when the Turks
came back from Baidar, I saw some sick conveyed
on this newly-adopted ambulance. Those who
were placed on the chairs were all right, but the
greater part of those who were transported on these
portable beds were shockingly ill-treated through
the ignorance of the soldiers. Only very few of
these latter seem to have known how to stretch
these beds, so that they were only half opened, and
the poor fellows were crouched down, with their
knees touching their chins, in a space of about two
feet square. At every false step which the mule
made they were knocked against the iron frame-
work and in danger of being thrown. out.
The Turkish army certainly did want ambu-
lances, but why not adopt something which was
familiar to those who were to handle these ambu-
lances ? All over the East women as Well as chil-
dren and sick travel in the tahtravan, a kind of
litter carried by mules or camels. Why could we
not have adopted something of this kind ? Two
mules would have in this way just as well carried
four men as now. This would have formed a far
more comfortable bed for sick or wounded men,
and the Turks, who are familiar with it, would
have known how to use it ; while in the manage-
ment of these French ambulances they are about
as expert as a European may be who eats rice for
the first time with chopsticks, or a Turk who,
having eaten during his whole life with his fingers,
handles for the first time a knife and fork.

The Turks have taken provisions for a week for
their new encampment, but this is by no means a
reason for supposing that they will stay here for a
week. Astronomers are able to calculate the move-
ments of comets and foretell their appearance and
disappearance, but no coadjutor should try to spe-
culate on the movements of the Turkish army—
nay, I even sincerely pity the historian who will
try to explain its erratic movements. The only
steady feature I could hitherto detect, and which I
am glad to impart for the benefit of the future his-
torian, is that the Turkish army moves always the
day before the post starts. Droll as this may ap-
)ear it is nevertheless certain ; we started from
Tchorgoun to Baidar the day before the post ; we
came back thence the day before the post, and
the new position was taken up likewise yesterday,
that is the day before the post. This movement
by post may be very advantageous for the army
for aught I know—it may have likewise a deep
strategical meaning for aught I know—but I do
know that it is very inconvenient for your corres-
pondent. If suggestions from newspapers were
not rather out of fashion in the army, I should like
to suggest that the Turkish army should move the
day after the post, which would be still moving by
the post.—Times Correspondent.

Suar.—l think it is likely a Siamese ambassador will
next year visit the Court of St. James's. The gorgeous
splendour of the Court of Bangkok (as we have seen
.it)
exceeds belief. When I can find time I propose to write
an account of my visit and of Siam. It is a country of
wonderful beauty, great resources, various productions ;
and Bangkok will, I trust, become again what it once
was—one of the largest emporiums to the eastern world,
following only Calcutta and Canton.—. Utter from, Sir
John Bovring.

THE: TURKISH LOAN•

(Front the Times of this day.)

We understand that it is the intention of the party
which so nearly 'succeeded on Friday night in repudia-
ting the terms of the recent convention between France,
Turkey, and England, to attempt again this evening to
prevent the introduction of the bill for giving effect to
that convention. Had they •succeeded on Friday night
it would have been by Mere effect of surprise, and there
might have been room to hope! that the House would,
on calmer consideration, hive rescinded a relolution so
improvidently and hastily come to. To-night there will
be no such excuse, and we therefore beg the serious at-
tention of our fellow-countrymen of every rank and de-
gree to the true nature and hearing of the momentous
question this night awaiting its solution at the hands of
the Legislature, and pa-haps on a future occasion at
those of the constituencies. The prospects of the Peace
Party at this moment seem to be far from brilliant. It is
small in numbers within the -House of Commons, and
proportionately still seealler without. Its members are
considerably discredited either by their advocacy of ab-
surd and impracticable theories, or by their desertion of
the war in which they mainly contributed to involve us.
The House of Conneons has pledged itself by a solemn
vote to suppoit the Ministry in the vigorous prosecution
of the war, and the Ministry have entitled themselves to
the confidence of the people by the firm and unflinching
language held by them in the recent correspondence with
Vienna. The defeat also of Mr. Roebuck's motion, sup-
ported by all the strength of the Peace Party, showed
how little the House was inclined to disturb the existence
of a Government-which cotnpisd so fairly with the one it •
disnensable con !Won to which all Governments in the
present state of the public mind ale bound to conform.
Nothing was left to the Peace Party that could ,be at-
tempted by open force, by argument, or invective, but they
had other resources, and organised with much skill and
secretly a scheme of operations which came so very near
success that even now we can hardly believe we have
escaped, though narrowly and fortuitously, so great a
danger. The friends of Peace could not persuade this
country to conclude an ignominious treaty, but they
seem to have devised a scheme which, if successful,
would have placed us in a position in which the continu-
ance of the war on its present footing would have become
quite impossible. These sagacious friends of England
saw that the whole strength of our position rested on the
alliance between England and Fracce, and that it they
could succeed in loosening or dissolving that formidable
bond it would be for us to accept any terms which Rus-
sia may dictate, and thus a peace of some port most
calamitous to our interests, most humiliating to our
feelings, most degrading to our honour, but still a peace,
was sure to be concluded. They changed their tactics,
therefore, and instead of attacking the war openly, they
directed their attack against the French alliance. Peace
was to be sought through disunion, and the means of
producini disunion were not long in presenting them-
selves. The House of Commons could not be induced
directly to reject the French alliance ; but by working
upon honest prejudices it might, it was thought, be sur-
prised into doing an act which would virtually have the
same effect. Turkey is totally exhausted by the war,
and it has become a matter of the most imperious neces-
sity to grant her pecuniary aid in some shape or another.
Whether this was to be done by loan, subsidy, or gua-
rantee, and whether these operations were to be joint or
several, formed the subject of deliberation between the
Western Powers. It was a matter which Government
was obliged to decide in the first instance, trusting to
the patriotism of Parliament and its assurances of sup-
port in the vigorous prosecution of the war to ratify
the convention. Here, then, was the opportunity.
The plan adopted by Ministers was, as any other plan
would have been, liable to many and serious objections.
By insisting on these objections, by pressing the finan-
cial difficulties, and keeping out of sight the momentous
political consequences of the vote, the Peace Party,
aided by the most unscrupulous part of the Opposition,
almost succeeded in their attempt to reject the Minis•
terial plan, and thus to rescind the convention between
England and France.
Let those who took part in this raah-and
step, and those who are to decide on the repetition of it
to-night, well consider what would have been the result
bad the surnriee of Friday been, as it so nearly was, suc-
cessful. We should have placed the Emperor of the
French in a position of the most undeserved and galling
humiliation, and compelled him, in the face of his own
people, to undo an act performed an the faith of the
suipeort of the British Ministry and the recent vote of
the House of Commons. We should have publicly ad-
vertised to the world that the Government of the United
Kingdom would not consent to be bound by the same
laws of international communion as all other nations of
Europe. Wherever the supreme power resides, whether
in a Czar, an Emperor, or a, Parliament, it is always in
dealings between nation arid nation, content to be bound
by the acts of the Executive whom it appoints to repre-
sent it. If that Executive does wrong the smpreme
thority may censure the acts of the Exentittaf; It strikes
a blow not merely at its own Executive, but agairist the
Possibility of national intercourse and communion. It
is on the supposition that a State is willing to be bound
by that which its regularly anthorised agents• agree to
on its behalf that treaties become possible, or the inter-
course of nations for any common purpose takes
place. Had, then, the Peace Party succeeded in their
attempted surprise on Friday they would not only have
meat justly disgusted and irritated our faithful and ho-
nourably ally the Emperor of the French, but would
have established a principle which would have rendered
the idea of co-operation henceforth between the two
Governments absolutely absurd, and vested in the
House of Commons alone the power of making binding
agreements with foreign States. The effect of this must
have been an immediate dissolution of the alliance be-
tween England and France just at the critical moment
of the war, and an entire and permanent isolation of
this country at the very moment when she requires,
above all things, firm friends and associates. No
doubt, it is in the power of the House of Commons to
work out this consummation, but no form of govern-
ment can be permanent and no alliance can be practic-
able where each part of the body politic insists upon
exercising the powers it possesses to the utmost. Wo
are to purchase peace, but at what a price ! We are to
Give in exchange for it the alliance which is our strength,
Pf:lie victory that seems almost within our grasp, the re+
putation for good faith and moderation which fi,ghtis
more powerfully in our cause than fleets and armies, the
future independence of Turkey, the possibility of ever
again forming a lesgue or acting in concert with an
allied nation, and when, at the instance of these com-
bined parties, we have purchased peace at this awful
price, how long will it endure, how long will a country
baffled, isolated, and discredited, be able to maintain its
position against an alliance cf nations formed against a
power unable to coerce its enemies or to preserve its
friends, and become, by the madness of its factions and
the cowardice of its statesmen, an object of just con-
tempt and hatred to the friends whom it has deceived
and the enemies to whom it has submitted I

LORD JOHN RUSSELL ON MINISTERIAL
INSTABILITY.

It will be in the recollection of all who heard Lord
John Russell's speech of the 6th of July, that the
reason be urged for his retention of office after the pro-
posals be brought from Vienna were rejected was, that
his resignation would have confirmed that opinion of in-
stability in our councils which the Ministerial changes
of the last few months, and the unsettled temper of the
public, had toiled to create. He dwelt on the evil of
such instability in a marked manner, and argued that
it should, at a time like the present, be avoided above
all things. "I believe," he said, in by far the most im-
pressive passage of his address, "it would be a very great
misfortune if any change were to take place in the Ad-
ministration, unless it were a total change to the men
who are now opposed to her Majesty's Government."
A week after these words were spoken the change
which he deprecated was brought about by
an intrigue among the inferior members of the
Government. The Cabinet was overawed—the Premier
was unable or unwilling to control his subordinater.•+
and a striking example was given of that " instability "
which Lord John viewed as a great misfortune, aggra-
vated by every circumstance which could add to its in-
jurious effect. The noble lord is a constitutional autho-
rity of some weight—he must be supposed to know some-
'thing, from personal experience, of the damage done to
a Government by frequent changes in its leading mem-
bers—and, according to his recorded judgment. it would
be better at this moment if the places of the Opposition
and the Ministry were reversed. •
In this instance we can detect a principle in his
speech which will bear examination. Any Government, -
to be strong and respected, must include the most emi-
nent members of its party. This is a rule absolutelyicay
without exception. The party may be numerically
111)0
small, yet the party which represents
_item
secure
vigorous while the circumstances last wthiries ~ r
eirec,, o.
its ascendancy. But changes which have
extruding from office the most distinguishedand of filling
Lordweiertas k characterFneasims
party, while the party itself retains power, claims with
the stations to which they have legitimate
or safe. They
mediocre talents, never can be lasting or
1 i not in the na.
directly necessitate other changes. It 0
t the rule of Ife men of a
na-
ture of a people to submit willinglyerst"anSdinsuereehdiutcseitas:itzioorwmhiinchde
htoasretmakaein
vcoernnteinnetnitns tohbeyscdureistpyi.se,Evnor
Every
more than crutches
place in the Ministryof
for-
mation has tended to lower
Majorities cannot in
aggregate of ability:c a case
compensate for:
inherentto the debilitated
can impart vigour
Instability, from
frame which is com-
pelled to use them.
which all Governments are
to liable, lies at their very
L
root, and becomes a vice in their nature when an at-
tempt is made to pro ong their existence by a sac-
not more rational in
rifice of their strength, The Sangredo system is
policy than in medicine.
But, unhappily, while the
phlebotomic treatment of Cabinet is wasting under the
its chief, it is who are the suf-
ferers from its exhaustion, and at the same time have to
pay all the demands of thequackwho occasions the •
mis-
chief.
In the Rouse of Commons there has lately been ex-
pressed, with wonderful unanimity, a conviction that
the Government is destitute of principle, ability, or
vigour. Lord Johu,•we have seen, holdi that it ought