The National Register.
London, England, 1818-01-04 00:00:00

UNITED'STATES OF AMF.RIC.t.

A variety lllAntenicant papers have reached town. A pro. .
minent article in the Caltiinote Gazette holds fends to the
people of the United States, the necessity of sciaiag on
Amelia Island, which is represented In has e !levitate the
c‘anition i yecistatic of pirates and ere. bowers, who prey
upon the emumeree of alt trading natiiiii!„. and which it
theri•fnre behoves the Government of the United States to
occupy ;it least provishinally, in their own deft-tic::. T:hs
writer concludes with confidently asierting, that '• the tithe is
tivar at hand %shun both Amelia and Galvestovvn will be taften
possession of by his Government, and held Cor fitture
posal." Col. Ilatikhind, the account goes on tosay, was lal
leave Charleston about the 2.ith Mt. for Savatinali.
derable reliance is nlaced on the, opituan, that immediately
on the sheeting of Congress, East Pioritia was to he ce,le.t to
the Ilui:ed States by Spain; and Amelia is regard..d as fain.
ing an understood member of the terri:ory so to he given up,
The New American Navigation Act continues to ue enforecd
with exemplary rigour.

A private letter from Paris, dated Dee, Q 9, says
" The Duke of Wellington has arritvd a: Paris. Ilia
Grace, it is said, has no other object in this visit to
the capital but to pay his respects to the King at. the •
new year. The presence of the noble Duke, at Paris,
will, however, it is hoped, accelerate a little the nego-
ciations about the foreign claints, and the stay of the
Allied Armies in Prance, which fir some tune have
threatened to be intLidnitely prolonged. The Duke,'
after reutabin;,• some time at Paris, will p.saeei to
England. Up to this tLte„ there is no appectritace of
a mange of Ministry, though the present Administra.
lion have lost much in publk opiaiint since the opening
of the Chambers. The King has warned, tvitaiu P.lcsu
few lays, persons of the Court, and principally those
who sit in the Chamber of Peers, to take care now they
vote against projects ()flaws or measures of ills Ministers,
on lima of being disgraced."
A winwite of crowns or live.shilling-pieces will cont.
menee in. the course of a few days at the Mint. thi •
one side will be a head of [fin Majesty, and on the re.
verse the figures of St. George Lind the Dr+l,oll. The
number to be struck in the first inst.ince will bte ti%e
hundred thousand ; when that menlkx is co iip:et
they. are to be kilted to the think; which, it is said,. •
rill be in uleoth

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REVIEW OF LITERAICI?E.

ON TOE DETERIORAIION OF THE CLIMATE OF
GREAT BRITAIN.

[From the Journal of Science and the Arts.]
The last number of the "Journal of Science and the
Arts," contains the following most interesting paper,
tiotn the pen of Mr. Brande, on the Deterioration of
,tit the climate of this country, a subject on which we
iill take frequent occasion to complain. Whether we are
about to be revisited by those genal gales and warm-
er suns, which cheered the days dour ancestors, we will
not predict, lest we be disappointed; but if the accounts
be true which have been received from the Northward,
we may safely conclude that some convulsion in na-
ture, has detached those masses of ice, the accumulation
tit a'es, which have wrought so unfortunate a change
ia our climate.
That for several centuries past the climate of England
has undergone a very material change for the worse, appears
demonstrated by' the most irresistible historical evidence ; nor
I en there indeed be a doubt that the springs are now later,
and the summers shorter, and that those seasons are colder
and more Itninid than they were in the youthful days of many
persons, and those not very aged, who are now alive. We
learn from our old chronicles, that the grape has formerly been
cultivated in England, for the manufacture of wine, but we
cow know that even with much care and attention it can
scarcely be brought to ripen a scanty crop ender walls expos-
ed to the still, sheltered from cold wind, and in every respect
in the most favourable aspect ; and it would be fully to
attempt it. growth in the method of a vineyard, as a stand-
ard. Of this real luxury of more genial climes, we have so
long been deprived, that we trouble ourselves little about
those golden days when Bacchus smiled upon unr bills. But
what may be considered as coming more home to the business
and bosoms of the present generation is, that Pomona is
about to desert our orchards, and that ou ground where the
clustering vine once flourished, the apple has of late years
scarcely ripened. Indeed we are informed upon good audio•
rite, that it is now sixteen years since the orchards have af-
fOrded d plentiful crop. It is really melancholy to think that
at lio very remote period our posterity may in all probability
be in the fame situation in regard to cyder, that we are now
placed in, in respect to wine ; when the apple tree, like the
vine, will only afford a penurious supply of sour fruits, and
will be cultivated in forcing houses to supply the tables of
the rich.
Lest, however, we should he set shown among the screech-
owls of mankind, whose race, we are sorry to say, shears no
symptoms of extinction, and who make it their business " to
lessen the little comforts' and shorten the short pleasures of
our condition by painful remembrances of the past, or melan-
choly prognostics of the future ;" we shall now beg leave to
give our readers a few facts connected with this change of
climate. which may perhaps throw a little light upon the
subject, and tend to exhibit the cause of those effects which
we have just deplored.
" It is demonstrable, that in the nothern parts of our hemi-
sphere the mean annual temperature is on the decline, and ou
recurring to the accounts of modern travellers, it appears that
in mountainous parts of Europe the accumulation of ice and
snow is vi-ry sensibly increasing. This is perhaps particu-
larly the case, and easily observable, in the vicinity of Mont
Blanc ; and the Glaciers which, descending from the slims
snits of that and the adjoining peaks, invade the adjacent
valley of Chamouirey, are making such progress as to threaten
at no very remote period, to render the heart of that district
inaccessible to the traveller. In a recent number of the " Bite*
liotheque tie Sciences et des Arts," Professor Pictet informs
us that the Glacier des Bossons has very lately advanced
ffity feet, much to the dismay of the neighbouring villagers.
But if we resort to more northern clinics we shall find yet
more alarming evidence of the great increase of snow and ice
and of this, the history of Greenland furnishes perhaps the
most remarkable facts upon record. We know that that
country, which was probably first peopled by Europeans from
Iceland, received its name from its verdant appearance, and
that the original colony continued to prosper, and to carry on
an extensive commerce with Norway, until the beginning
of the I.sth century, since which period all communication
with East Greenland has ceased, and what was once known
respecting it is almost buried in oblivion. Since that period
too, the east coast of Greenland, which once was perfectly
accessible, has become blockaded by an immense collection of
ire, so that till within these few mouths no vessels could ap-
proach near enough even to see land in that direction.
"The following quotation from Fabricins• will, we pre.
some tiirnish satisfactory proof of the great increase of the
inland ice of Greenland, and seems particularly apposite to
our present purpose.
" ' land.ice (Fisbrac) in Greenland is one of the most
remarkable phenomena in nature, and in extent far exceeds
any other hitherto known, running from one end of the
country to the other, and covering it with au eternal ice,
leaving only some taps of mountains, which rise black and
naked above it. When you ascend ally of the highest moan-
taius free (ruin ice on the sea-coast a dreadful view is pre
added. As far as the eye can reach in every direction
nothing is seen but a glittering surface, which merits the ap-
pellation of any icy ocean.
" ' ice is extending every year, increasing in height
as well as breadth, and has already occupied the greatest
part of the country. hen it meets with high mountains it is
checked in its progress till it has readied an equal height, and
then proceeds farther without obstruction. An experiment
Las been made of placing a pole in the earth at a consider.
able distance front the line of ice, and that place has been
found occupied by the ice the following year. Its progress is
indeed so rapid that Greenlanders, who are still living, re-
member their father's hunting rein-deer among naked moun-
tains, which are now completely covered with ice. I have
ID ytelf seen foot-patiis leading to the inland of this pencil' the
country, which arc now obstructed by glaciers. It is chiefly
in the valleys that the ice is accumulating, and where these
reach theses, and the inner part of the bays, the ice projects
is large blocks over the water. Part of the ire appears to
be even and smooth, particularly in the middle, but a part
of it very uneven, especially at the extremities towards the
naked land, and in :hose places, where small hillocks have
been covered. Ilid if yea proceed farther on the ice, that
which seemed to be even, consists of sallies with everal
strata. There are also a number of rents of different

Nye Smiling al tiet Kov;:k141 Daub Vidar.kabus
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