The Sun.
London, England, 1855-08-23 00:00:00

1141 eirj. ,A US r, 25 I,f4S.

&le tip 7 splrita at the West Ham- dist-M.4y, and
.having reniloVed Vidse spirits, obtained advances -upon
them to the 'armVnt :000/.. Up:m that' day prisoner
was seen it firer embarking fir o,tend After
this they were declared bankrupts. 1 The whole
i‘f their a,siets available were . 2.0001., and
their debts were 500,000/. They were then fol-
lowed to Brussels, Neufchatel, and tinaqy to Malta,
where some legal difficulty arising as to their apprehen-
*lAl the_officer4 sent to take them, Gordon and
Davidson were compelled to leave salta by a vessel
bound tor S;Mtliatiipton, where they vierctakea in cus-
tody, and After a great many examinations sent. for
The learnefl conmel then. proceeded to call evidence,
which merely.corroborated the facts above stated, and
it wag tinderitood that the case was be adjourned
until toAnorroW. . _ •

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.-4T WS DAY.)

GUILDHALL.

Frederick W. Kane. a cab-driver, N. 10,987, was
charged bef ;re Sir John Musgrove- with being drunk
and incapable of taking care of, himself, about_ 3 o'clock
thiQ morning, in Srnithfield.

Police-constable 232 deposed seeing the prisoner in
the above state in the middle of the road. His horse
and cab were on the stand. He took the prisoner into
custody, and the horse and cab were taken to the green-
yard.
In answer to dneitions from the Alderman, Soringite,
the gaoler, .aid tie prisoner was here on the 17th July
last, and fined fit -or 21 days' imprisonment, for cruelty
to a IF.rse, and before that for a similar offence to the

present.
Sir John Musgrove said this was a very agg,ravated
case, and he should remand the prisoner until tomorrow
for the appeatauce of the cab-owner.
The prisoner said he hoped he should not be locked up
for that time.

Sir John Musgroveif—lndeed you will, and I'm not
quite sure I shall nt4 then lock .you up for a month.
STRANGE COURTSEIIP.—Nary Green, an eldeily Irish
woman was charged with, violently assaulting an
elderly man a widower, with foar children, named Win.
Henfrey. . - -
The complainant, the left side of whose head was
strapped up the size of the palm of a man's hand,
stated that be occupied a room adjoining the prisoner's
at No. • 11, Robin Hood-court, Shoe-lane. He was a
little fresh la 4 night,- and as he was standing at his
door, about balrptist,:nine 'o'clock, he suddenly found
himself in the defer dAnt's room, when he was struck
seven times on the head with a poker by the defendant.
The defendant, - in reply, said she was a lone
woman, and ti at last night as she was sitting
down to get her tea the complainant came it,to
her room, and said to her, " You are a lone
woman and I'm a lone man, give toe your hand, I'll
have you." (Laughter.) She told him to be off, but
he refused to go until he had had a kiss. She called f,r
assistance. but no one cams ; and as be was about to
seize hold of her she endeavoured to protect herself, and
a scuffle ensued.

Sir John Musgrove` said, the complainant bad acted
very improperly In going into the defendant's room.
fie thought it would be sufficient if he bound the de-
fendant over, to keep the peace in 101. for six months.

--HER M.A.Tit

To PARIS, - !

_
PARIS, TUESDAY NIGHT.
As the proceedings of to-day are very interest-
ing, we subjoin an extended account of them :
The Queen, the Emperor, Prince Albert, the Prince
of Wales, sad the Princess Royal, after hreafastine at
St. Cloud, set out a little before eleven o'clock for Ver..
sallies, and arrived at the palace in that town at about
twenty minutes past that hour. In the Avenue de St.
Cloud, by which the royal cortege entered Venni'lee,
/mien elegant tritimphal arch, on front "-of' which
was inscribed , "Victoria seed Al bert,".,and on the back,
" Nspreleon sieed .Euzeuie." From the arch up to the
end of the avenue, troope and National Guards were
stationed en both sides of the road, and from the. 'l3O-.0.f
the avenue to the palace, the. lieesewere formesby cuie
reseieraand carabiniers. At the arch; where- the 4accen
was received by the prefect and the:local -niitlaoritiose -a
vast crowd was assembled, and they greeted her Majesty
wieh _heaety.cries of " Viva la Reine"!" The Queen on
alighting • from her carriage was receired by M. Fould,
Minister of State, and by Count de Niewerkerke, direc-
tor of the. Imperial Museums. --•
Her Majesty, who was attired in a light silk dress-and
a white bonnet, took the Emperor's arm, and Prince
Alberti gave his to the PritiC.SS Royal. The illuArions
party were then conducted up the marble staircase to
the " Salle duSacae," where the Queen admired the
famous painting of the coronation of the Emperor Na-
peleon I: by David, and the other great works of the
same artist which accompany it. The Emperor then led
the Queen through the " Salles de 1792 et 1793 " (they
contain portraits of the noted generals of that time and
I tones of isome of their exploits), to the "Galerie des
Bataillese" where,are exhibited large paintings of some
of the great ootnbats in which the French were victori-
ous. On leaeleg-this—gallery the Emperor led the
l Queen ,to that which contains peintinge of some of the
principal events in the revolution of 1830, in which King
Louis Philippe figured; The, next gallery visited was
filled with statues of. great Frenchmen, and then
returning to the Sailor de 1792 and du Sarre,
the Emperor . conducted the Queen into what
were formerly the apartments of . the unfortunate
Marie Antoinette, and which still bear her name.
Her Maje-ty examined these rooms with melancholy
interest, and put several questions respecting the everts
of which they. were the theatre. . The Emperor after-
wards led the Queen lute the Galerie des Glaces, the
magnificent es4ecni entireltelined with looking glass, in
which the ball' t) her Majesty is to be given. When
passing by the once-,famous apartment called the. (ELI
de 13ceuf, the Queen reecbed the bedchamber of Louis
XIV., which is vary nearly in the same state as when
he occupied it. In this room the Queen stopped some
little time, and put several questions respecting le grand
monarque. Top Queen.-afterwards proceeded to the
"grinds appartements du Roi Louis XIV.," and the
chapel, at which her Majesty expressed her airnirstion.
Next, proceeding
.to a little saloon near, the Queen
stopped for some time to inspect the painting of Napo-
leon Bonaparte dissolving the Legislature by force on
the 18th Brumaire, The Emperor afterwards conducted
the Qireen to the private apartmeets,of Louis XV, and
Louis XVI.. and the library of Louis XVI. The next
pert of the gel!enee to which the illustrious personages
proceeded was that containing pantinge of the memo-
rable battles sett events of the period comprised between
1800 arid 1830. Here the Queen spent Home little time.
The Emperor then led the Queen down stairs to the 1
"Galerie des Croisades," and called her 'attention to
several of the nio t remarkable eaintirige it con'aime.
Prince Albert examined many pictures with great in-
tenet, and before several he stayed so long that the
Queen and 'the Emperor, who walked rather rapidly,
went alone, and had more than once to wait until his
Royal Highness. rejoined them. Whilst the illustrious
party were in the Salle des Croisades, a telegraphic
despatch was brought to the Emperor. His Majesty
read it with great attention, aid then handed it to the
Q:leen. 'The Q :eeri read it with evident interest, acid
-gave it to Prince Albert. who likewise manifested much
interest in it.. The Emperor then handed it to Lord
Clarendon aed the Minister of State. It was whispered
amongst the gentlemen of the suite that it c•mtained im-
portant news from Sebastopol.
Carriages were now brought up, and the .illustrious
p,rty proceeded, escorted by detachments of the Cent
Gerdes, to visit the extensive grounds. The water-
works were in
.bill play, and,. es usual, produCed a bril-
liart effect. The—public Were , not admitted to-the
piece. during the Cleeen's visit, but they were freely ad-
mitted t) the grounds, and they lined both sides of the
way which the royal cortege took. And as the Qneen
passed, they shouted with enthusiasm " Vies la Reine !"
and the English portimi-iif the spectators added to the
cry a vigorous " hurrah !" , At the piece De • Neptune,
the roost splendid of the grandee ease, the crowd was so
dense that it was not easy to make a passage for the
royal cortege; and the acclamation,: were literally frantic,
The Emperor next conducted his distinguished guests
to the Palais de Trianon. Here lunch was prepared in
the "Er mitage," erd covers were laid for 40. Just as it
was concloding, the Ernpreee, 'to the. great satisfaction
of the illustrious party, joined them from St. Cloud.
, After lunch, the Emperor showed the Queen the two
Trinnons and their grounds, which her Majesty admired
very much.
The illu.trious personages, at about half Fast three,
set out to return to St. Clonal. The Queen anti the
Empress were in the carne carriage ; the Emperor, Prince
Albert, the Prince of Wales, and the Princess Royal
being in another. The Queen frequently graciously
acknowledged the shouts of the people.
The weather was is autifully fine during the day, and
everything passed off without a singlis contretenips.
The appearance of the 0 teen of England at the Grapd
Opera was one of the most interesting scenes we have
ever witnessed. - , , • -

VISIT TO THE OPERA.—ENTHUSIASTIC
RECEPTION.
Long before the hour appointed for her Majesty's
coining, the whole line of Boulevards to the theatre was
occupied by a closely-packed crowd, and all the houses
were brilliantly lit up. The scene in the vicinity of the
Roe Lepelletier, where the theatre is situated, was of a
most fairy-like description. Every window was illurni-
bated with coloured lamps, and under the arch erected
across the Boulevard by the artistes of the Opera was
suspended a magnificent lustre, eight metres high by six
in diameter, of topaz-colour lights, interspersed with
white globes of glass, resembling pearls, forming alto-
gether an object of wonderful beauty. Lofty stands of
gaiojets, placed at the corners of the street and at equal
distances to beyond the entrance of the theatre, threw
out innumerable flames of light, and rendered every ob-
je-t as dear as day. The whole front of the the Are was
ornamented with flowers, hangings, and shields bearing
the arms of England and France. The grand entrance
was hung with tapestry, and the pillars at the side
bore crimson velvet escutcheon* with the letters A
and V, interlaced in letters of gold. A line of fire
ran along the frieze of the theatre, and the initials of
Queen Victoria and of the Emperor again stood out
in jets of gas from amidst this blaze of light.
Immense stands of living flowers adorned the
entrance hall and the grand staircase, and crimson velvet
hangings covered the sides.. From the roof of the veiti•
Bute were suspended splendid chandeliers containing
thousands of wax lights, and all .up the thickly•carpeted
staircase similar additions had been arranged. The
municipal guard of Pars nt pied Mood close to sach other
down both sides of the way outside, whilst the fine men
Of the In( tinted- guard lined the 'staircase leading to the
Imperial box. The six centre boxes had been thrown
into one, so as to form a large room, advancing far into
the body of the house, the-wooden separations from the
corridor being removed, and a wide communication
opened to the foyer, %Mai is the finest in Paris. The
whole of this large space was richly carpeted and hung
with crimson velvet and gold, forming a suite of rooms
of considerable extent. Crimson satin chairs richly gilt,
and of such size as almost to constitute thrones, were
placed for the august personages who were to form
" the cynosure of every eye." The aspect of this box,
as beheld from the interior of the theatre, was magni-
ficent. The whole of the front was one mass of
beautiful carving, rich gilt, with a lofty canopy
above, covered with crimson vel vet hangings, embroidered
with gold lace in the Louis XIV. style, to match the
rest of the decoration. At the right corner were placed
the arms of England, and on the left those of France,
whilst in the centre, the whole was denominated by a
large Imperial eagle with outstretched wings the three
objects being resplendent with gold. Two of the Cent-
gardes, in their splendid uniform, stood immoveable as
statues at the foot of the box, one at each side, and two
others in a similar way at each side of the stage. These
men were relieved every quarter of an hour. The other

boxes were filled with allihat Paris possesses of lovelie
ness, wealth, and high pesition. The ministers were in
various boxes in plain clothes. The Emperor's ordinary
box was occupied by "Prince Adalbert of Bavaria, . with
the gentlemen of his suite, and not far distant below were
seated the Countess de Montijo, and the Duchess
d'Alhe, both glittering with diamonds. The high func-
tiouaries present, with the exception of those on ditty,'
were all in plain ball-dress.
Exactly at a quarter past eight, the shouts of the mul-
titude outside ariliouneed.that the Queen of England was
arriving.' Every ' one then ruse, and after a pau,e
of about . half a minute, ,during which time , every
eye was straining towards 'the • State box, the Queen
appeared, led in by the Emperor. Then arose such a
peal of acclamations as few have ever heard equalled in
aey, theatre. The Queen seemed quite struck by the
enthrisinem of the.recepti• n; and advancing with grace-
ful digeity towards the front of the box, she turt,ied
low
to the multitude belt .re her. The cry of " Vice la Reins!'
was over and over again r- peated, and as each long•e, nn.
tinned •shout arose, het Majesty again curtsied
and
totn we
the
audience, successively to the right, in trot
left. It was only after these salutes that theornele.er:e_gaan
to subside ;- and tten the. Emperor, the pnd during
Prince Albert, who bad remained ratbt bel"
the enthusiastic reception of and burst
homage
that it was for her alone that all thissna if to show
another deafee-
of feeling were intended,: adva-r.'enel: vise l'Empereur !"
ing shunt arose, in wine%
d Vice l'lmEeratrice I"
1,43 the Queen was then
"Vive Prince Albert !" s
were intermingled. Goa,
sau,d elOtber burst of acclamations
played by the band,
:gust party had saluted the midi.
followed. After the Empress took their seats to-
r once, the Queen :rm. placing himielf at Queen Victoria's
gather, the Emile( rt being seated at the Empress En.
right, Prie Prince Napoleon occupied the seat at the
genie's left., • et, ar.d the Princess Mathilde tlat at
The back of the, box was filled
Ealperor A f.
prince Alberts le
vith the ladies and officers of the IrOperial households.
The ladies and ,gentleinen of the Queen's suite, were
seated in the various boxes on the first tier. The
Royal sud,the Prince of Wales- Were not present.
When the motion attendant On this most enthusiastic
greeting had somewhat subsided, the Emperor gave the
signal fer the performance to commence. The curtain

....,,;

- •
rose immediately, and Gueynutrd, Ohio, anti Ittorly Date
the trio of " William Tell." time. Alboni next gave ;be
aariations _of Hurernel with• wonderful perfectioo. Boger
and Bonnehee executed the duo of "La R.tant- de.
Chypre ; and lastly, sang most charmingly
the bolero of the" Vepres Sicilieaves." Their Majesties-.
a,ppeared much pleased with the performance, and fre-.
quently testified theirapplanse. - Both Liar Majseiy and,.
the Empress were dressed in white, sad each wore a
diadem of diamonds but of a somewhat'different de-
scriptiOn, that of the Empress being tailor and closer,
and entirely of diamonds, whilst that of tile (biota
Erigland' tiaeof 'open wor2,:tiocitsing far fr am the hood,
and of diamonds and eineralds. tatii.:theAr-Zijostieir
were superb *edam:pee oa,dfanionaefana emeOeside, with
other ornaments to thitch. Queen Vicfaaria
played. the .Rilibzind of _the .Girter. -end -the `3impress
Ettgente ihe cordon ofaheA)rderof-liabilla the Catholic ;
"1102 lucid 3i:13411410,4A boqttete-; pranii4 at thi,iir dire
,posal by M...Croserier the :'direacit the Opifeu -Th.
The Emperor Wore tea. e
noiforinnfa general officer, wits
the.tibban- of the Garter, and Prince' AlbetVwtte dressed
'in a'rield-Marsbal's uniform with tille4liataCordon of
the Legion of Honour. The whole party =eecx ed 5n ex-
ceilent Spirits. :-The-Qiieenbad''evidently been aaected.
by the. warmth of her reception, and the etirotiOn'iThich
she had experienced loft a flushaidher cheek' during the
night., The Empreastatiked uncommonly well and was
in high spirits. Prince Albert was the 'vast- animated
of the party.
As soon as the musical entertainment had c'onoluded
the ballet of La :Nati was commenced, with Mme-...Rosati
and Patinas in the principal parts, Mlle. Piunkot and
Beauchet introducing a new pas. the dancers per-
formed charmingly, and Petitpas bad the honour of
making the august personages in the State-box laui_eh
heartily by his performance Of the pas in female' attire:.
The. Queen- and the Empress. laughed 'outright,
•ouptritchte,
Athit.t.
Eerer was eiidently.much amused, and
bent himself relaxed the,gravity of his bearing. The last
tableau was prepared, expreeSly for. the occsadoe, being
a splendid view :Of Windsor Castle, and designed to
show that the glorious reception given to the Emperor
and the Empress by her Majesty of England .w:•s not
forgotten in France; The principal performers of the
Opera formed groups on the stage, whilst
,aloft
in air
was to be seen a heraldic decoration, surmounted by an
immense Royal Crown; with. protecting genii, hanging
suspended from clouds a,rourel, the youngest and prettiest
dancers of The cepa de ballet having, been selectee' for
the purpose. The whole. Was illUminated with el etltric
light, which produced a Most:splendid-effect. The g.ag-
li.banthetu was±thea etteg in a' roost 'admirable aril*
by Alboni, Cruv*lt, T.Z Ager;and the other singer* of tier:
establibitent. At the first bar of the' noble air, -ills
whole audio :ce ro,e, t'n Imperial party doing ea tilt t-
wise. The house then presented a most magnificen
appearance, the boxes being filled from ground to ceil-
ing. with_ elegatitly dressed women, tier after tier, vying
with ifs neighbours in the,,-beauty and grace which it
&splayed. White.and:pink were the'prevailing oelours,
and a great cviaetity wera'were worn b ;th in the
lair and on the • dreee. Is is impossible to de-
scribe in anything like adequate language the •Lthu-
sia•=rn "which was displayed. When "God save the
Queen " had been brieight to a close such a burst of
acclamation !•nd eves of " Vote is Rein. !" and " Viva
la R -ins Viitoes !" arose from every part of tee hot use
as certainly her Maje-ty never heard before in any
theatre. Han kerchiefs were waved by the ladies, wh •
joined in the acclamations, whilst among the male part'
of the audience it was absolute delirium. The Queen,
visibly overcome, curtsied her thanks, but at each salute
the cheers again broke forth, until at last, as the Em-
peror gave his hand to the Queen and led. her away, the
audience insisted on having "God save the Queen !" re-
peated, as a means of showing their devotedness to bet
Majesty. Nearly the whole of the Imperial party had
already I-ft the box, but the Emperor, pausing, looked
te the Queen to learn het wishes. Her Majesty,
evidently highly
.gratified, • returned towards the
front. The Emperor, by the movement, was placed
between _the Queen. and .theiEmpress. "God lava
the Queen 1"' mils then again 'performed,. and tithe
enthusiasm of the audience was at its chile
displayed, with, if possible, increased .acclarnations'a
The Queen again saluted the audience, and the Empe-
ror, ',tiding her Majesty and the Empress kfay, pub an
end to this most eitraordinaryscene.
The Imperial arid Royal party then gained the street
below, where .an :almost, equal oyatiott greeted the
Queen, the pOPulace cheering her loudly as she de-
,wended to her carriage, and a similar, mark of kind feel-
ing being given everywhere as the cortege passed along.
Tile Imperial party arrived at. St Cloud at past twelve
o'clock, so closieg an evening of wonderful interest.
•Wednesday Night..
The Queen ..visi!ed the Universal. Exhibition this
morning, and examined it very minutely. At two her
Majesty went to the Tuileries,-etud remained until six
o'clock. • • • • , '

BEAPINa BY MACHIN EBY AT
FABNING.HAM.

Mr. Wm. Dray, so well known as an agricultural im-
pleruent manufact.urer, gave.an entertainment yesterday
to about 100 of the-farmers and gentl'emen, at hie farm
at Farningham, in order to exhibit the performance of
his reaping machine, and other farm implements. After
an inspection of the instruments in Operation, the party
a,:sembled in a tentto'partake of a cold collation. I%A.r.
Dray was in the chair, supported by Mr. W. Masteea
Smith, M.P., Mr, W. Tong, Captain .Shepherd, &c.
After the usual loyal toasts.
Mr. W. MASTERS SMITH, M.P., proposed the chair-
man's health, and boretestimorly to the pleasure with
which he hail witnessed the performance that day of the
reaping machine, which .had been pronounced by all
who had seen it at work as beingalmost perfect, and he
entertained, no doubt 'but that the favourable reception
it li:qt met with tki-aay, and the large number
cillurits- he saw around hire,' augured its adoption on a
scale flir more extensive than was. ever contemplated by
its talented inventor, who bad so devoted his mind to
the improvement of this implement that be bad beard
from himself he had dreamed of reaping machines, but
he had never dreamed of its being so perfect or so slur
cessful as they had seen it That day. (Cheers.)
Mr. DRAY, in returning thanks, said that although he
bad dreamed of reaping machines,.. yet he bad never
imagined that their success would be so complete as to
produce such encomiums, of Which he felt he aritioo little
worthy. Four years ago he Raid he would stand or fall by
reaping machines, and now he was-proud to say he would
stand. He could safely say he bad brought the reaping
machine almost to perfection—no small task, when it
was considered that there were hut about three weeks
in the year during Which they could be tested. Although
he had a great. interest in the success of the implement,
yet it must be considered as of national importance
when it was known that there was a saving by its nee
of 151. in reaping 100 acres. "(Cheers.) He felt aatiatied
that very shortly there would not be a farm of 100 stereo
without a reaping machine, and, indeed, that they would
ultimately see all the hard work on the farm done by
machinery. He had, been in Ireland, Scotland, and
France, and everylhere he found prejudice against the
use of farm machinery rapidly di-appearing. (Cheers.)
After several local toasts had been drunk, and iadi-
vidur.l compliments, paid, the company separated, highly
delighted with the triumph of the day, and with the
liberality—which 'deserves notice—of their entertainer.

ITEALTEI OF THE ARMY BEFORE
SEBASTOPOL.

..The folloving letter, addressed to Lord Shaftes-
bury, has been published :

"Balaklava. July 19.
. " I have just received your letter'of the 6th inst. re-
specting the state of our noble army, a subject that ab-
-•-..sorlis.alf my thoughts. They are encamped, as you are
aware, in .a new uncultivated country, subject to a high
temperature during summer (85 degs. in the shade, and
116 dogs. to 120 degs. in the sun), and a good deal of
the land occupied by the whole allied army is marshy
and malarious.
"These topographical peculiarities determine the ex-
istence of malarions diseases, chiefly intermittent, and
occiesionally cholera, as we have bad it at various periods. ,
Balaklava, where I am located, is the very worst point
of the whole occupation, and its local peculiarities and
bad sanitary state have caused great mortality among
the troops on fatigue duty.
r. It was the knowledge of this peculiarity that led us
to. concentrate our efforts on Balaklava, because above
20,000 men went in and out of it every daya.
small
Nothing
could be worse than its condition.
land-locked, lying among lofty hills, crowded is
w dead animalsdedwith
ships,
the margins of the harbour formed
n
and filth of all kinds; the upper end
been need as a graveyard, where somee buried, mostly in
witha
marsh,thon se d whichs
of has
car-
cases of men and animals had ben
water, and hardly covered
in the harbour, and also with earth ; carcases floating
the refuse and blood of cattle
slaughtered on board ship ; no latrines but the hill sides,
and back yards of houses covered with filth in conse-
quence.
„ such was the condition of this place when we came
here. We have had great difficulties to contend with in
obtaining labour and materials, but we have at last suc-
ceeded in doing about all that is possible, but not all
that is desirable.
" All our efforts have been unavailing to save the
place from cholera, but the medical officers who inspect
the ships in the harbour say that we have saved a great
many lives.
Next as to the camp. One part of the camp is
situated in the plain, or rather valley of Balaklava, an
unhealthy, malarious district, without any very appa-
rent local cause of disease, except that it is marshy.
There has been a good deal of cholera there, which has
been stopped at once by changing the camps to higher
ground. In such a locality change of site is the only
remedy, and it is carried out wherever practicable ;
speaking generally, the camp before Sebastopol is in a
very good state. It is clean and well attended to ; but
here again there are malarial spots to which the troops
are tied by the exigencies of the service; affected regi-
ments have been removed from time to time to new
ground, often with beneficial effect ; but I need hardly
'point out that so vast- a force, confined on a com-
paratively narrow surface, without any drainage, and
with all the filth buried in the soil if it cannot be
burnt, exposed always to a burning sun by day,
and to trench work by day and night, must suffer
more or less. It speaks volumes for the care and
attention of the authorities that the loss from disease
has been so little during the summer, because, do what
they can, our troops are exposed to the exhalations from
the foul encampment of the other armies, which have
suffered far more from disease than our men have.
"The winter mortality was a far different thing from
the summer mortality. Hardly any of the causes—
' namely, had food, want of rest, over-work, want of cloth-
ing and shelter, and exposure to the elements, which
caused scorbutis over the whole army—exist now. Ido
not think it can be fairly said that any of these causes
exist now to any extent ; all-the then cases were scor-
butic, and hence the awful mortality in the hospitals at
Scutari ; it was exactly like the Irish famine fa% er ; now
we have malarial diseases—fever and cholera— tbe intrn-
sity of which in our camp has been, no doubt, most ma-
terially lessened by the great care bestowed on the men.
I have myself gone among them and asked about their
provision and clothing, &c. I have never been able to
elicit a single complaint, except one—namely, that they
were not in Sebastopol ; they have always told me they
bad nothing in the world else to complain of.
" Considering the local circumstances, I am of opinion
that the epidemics I have named have been mild in cha-
racter, and that we have certainly not suffered more
than, in such a climate, we had a right to expect. Mar-
i
rhcca has been prevalent, but there s a system of in-
spection in use for its discovery and treattneut which
appears to work as well AR could be expected.
" Lord Raglan suffered with many others, but, I fear,
neglected the diarrhoea. General Estcourt persisted in
going to duty while suffering from diarrhoea, and he,
too, died.
" I don't know a single person who has not had it.
" Our hospitals are the one point lam proud of. We
have first-rate men, and everything clean and beauti-
fully ordered. I only wish we had a permanent staff of
orderlies thoroughly trained and kept at their work, in-
stead of the useless vagabonds who are too often sent to
attend the sick, because they are fit for nothing else.
The present arrangement for the Sick and wounded are
to treat the latter entirely here, at least until they are
convalescent, and then to send only convalescents, or
the sick who had arrived at the best possible point, to
Scutari. From the latter place I have just returned.
The hospitals are really beautiful. We have nothing in
Loudon to compare to them in their sanitary relations.
It is a perfect treat to walk through them. The air is as
pure inside as out. Our sanitary work comes out well
there. Some points still require improvement, and the
work is going on. The change in three months is incre-
dible.

The water question may be summed up as follows :
With proper care ,here is enough ; without proper care
it will require much labour to obtain a proper supply ;
after the dry weather is over there will be water enough
for any purpose.
"In regard to the burial of the dead; 'n our camp it
appears to be properly done, judging at leest from any
instances I have seen of interments. The proper authori-
ties say it is always done in conformity with the regula-
tions; the duty is defectively done in the trenches, from
the dangers and exigencies of the trench service. There
are complaints on this head, as also of t'et effluvia from
excrementitious matter there. I have sent to General
Simpson a plan of dealing with the evil. The burial of
animals is, or rather has hitherto been, well attended t
s I have not seen an unburied carcase in our camp for
months before a day or two ago. I saw two at that time,
and instantly reported them to head-quarters. There
are, however, plenty of unburied carcases about ; they
are not ours, but belong to the other armies. The ne-
cessity of common co-operation to sanitary matters was
represented by us some time ago. I may give another
exereple.
"The Turks always make latrines near water if they
can, and I have had to watch all sources supplying our
camp, for I have found them digging close to the very
heads of spriegs.
"The following facts will show you the health of the
troops at the present time :---
" Week ending July 7.—Strength 4L593, total deaths
150, deaths from cholt es 71, deaths from feier 17, &sells
from diarrhasa 19, deaths from dysentery 2.
" Week ending July 14.—Streneth 42,51 e, setae
deaths 123, deaths from cholera 55, deaths is o e fever 18,
deaths from diarrbees. 10, deaths from dysentery 5.
"The deaths from wounds for these two weeks were
44 and 30.
"This shows a large balance against disease; but
still, considering all things, my wonder is that the trier
tality from epidemics now prevalent among us is so small.
It will assist you further to estimate our sanitary condi-
tion if I compere it with things at hem,- familiar o eeu.
_Bslaklava harbour is much sweeter than the Tearnec,
and the town is cleaner than nine-tenths of the lower
districts of London, Manchester, or Liverpool. Liver-
pool dock-basins smell worse every day than Balak!ava,
harbour did at the worst. When the town itself was
held up to the reprobation of the civilised world from its
imbnried carcases and filth, it was not worse than entire
villages I could name iu our own country, and it was
about on a par with the district where knackers' yards,
private slaughter-houses, and unwholesome trade exist in
the Borough, and where cholera was so fatal last year.
" I think it right to mention this comparispe, in order
that the truth should be known. The same may be said
about the sanitary condition of the camp ; putting out
of sight the local malaria, the camp is in every much
better state than the towns and villages at home out of
which the men have come.
" It Is also very satisfactory to state that almost every
practicable improvement we have advised for the cseip
we have found already in operation in some part of
We have only wished the worst practices to be avoided-,
and the hest systematically adopted. But in doing:this
all depends on the commanding officers of the regiments,
and hence different regiments show different degrees of
improvement. We have also found the medical officers
thoroughly alive to the nature of the changes required ;
representing them to the authorities, but without power
to carry them out.
"These two plain facts appear to me to point out
clearly that militarillygietie-sbimld be -a portion, and a
compulsory portion, of the education and examination
for service of every officer, whether medical or not,
entering the service. If it were inculcated as a duty
that the main end of official routine is tot only discip-
line, fighting, and treating disease, but also preserving
the troops in a state of efficiency, I believe that a vase
deal of the loss of life in armies would be avoided. This,
in fact, is proved by the experience of the navy. The
naval brigade in their camp before Sebastopol (1,400
strong) lost 39 men last winter, while regiments close to
them were almost swept away.
' "I believe there is no point within the instructions of
the Sanitary Commission that has net been attended to
in the tering of those instructions. We have ma 'e every
needful inquiry, and recotnmended the adoption of all
necessary measures. We have had the most needful of
these measures carried out under our inspectors, and
those in the camp are being carried out by the nil a.ry
• authorities charged with their usual execution. Von
are aware, however, that in all sanitary matters unre-
mitting care is required to insure continual success, and
that any relaxation may do mischief. The meaeures
themeelves, moreover, are of such a nature that only:
ean fully know what ie
those daily administering them
done, and what is undone ; and hence the necessity for
the education and examination in byeiene I have referred
to. Without that no mere external pressure, such as Ise have exercised, can be of lasting benefit, because the
parties who have to carry them out have no knowledve
eeanfdrohme
iltahrayym%hdeiacradi
of their nece-city or imports,
the most useful suggestions coming
officers called ' Doctors' erntebet;,' and thrown aside,
if sit present I believe little. if anything, more can he
done here in the way of initiation stf camp sanitary niee,.
sores ; the only difficulty is in insuring the continued
application of those measures, and this the military au-
thorities alone can do. It might be well to vest the
decisions of medical boards with something like
ibOrity.
"The plan. have mentioned would. be
the host cne
for rendemg the ezistizg ailitazy sysua ;;;;;;. est;,i;;,t,