The Sun.
London, England, 1855-09-17 00:00:00

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thing which would it designs o)
while most of his me been approve
many of the nuidaneeticqMplained of, and in
the most obnoxious decrees of the exile: Ami
'ointments withdrawn is.that of Madame
'ier-in-law as Minister to the United States,
.er for the return of 30,000 dols. advanced ..1k?
service of the mission. It is , generally believed that W.
never contemplated visiting Washington, but was to
join Santa Anna in his retreat with the spoil. In the
meantime, the press being free, 'the revolution is onward,
and will not terminate until those who. were committed
in the cause reach the capital, and restore the over-awed
self-government of Mexico. They are looked, for in eight
or ten days. Carrera is permitted"; therefore,' to play
Sancho Panza in the capital, so long-as he administers
justice with the same sagacity as did ,Don qnixote's
squire. I omitted in its plaCe to say that the printing
establishments of the Diario Official, and tlie. Universal
Official and Semi-Official
,(the latter edited by Bonilla),
were both destroyed. It was amusiinglo- see the gather.;
logs of Indian women the next morning; Collecting. the
half melted type from the cinders .of the conflagration,
and which hai no doubt gone into casts of their saints
before this."

[PRICE 4D. STAMPED SD•

fleets not many years since, and which were made by Ma-
hornet 11., and asked whether bronze might not now be
used instead of cast iron. He then suggested the proba-
bility that on experiment railway iron might be found
bEtter than cast iron for ordnance.

Mr.• WM. FAIRBAIRN said the Material of which guns
are now made is inferior to that used 50 years ago, and
added that from a recent examination of welded guns,
which he said were torn asunder as though they bad been
made of paper, he was doubtful whether guns so made
would ever serve any useful purpose. Guns made of
welded staves were always liable to tear by the action of
the discharges„ Solid cast guns cool, irregularly, and
when the gun is bored the metal is more porous in
the centre than on the outside. The Americans,
to obviate this, cast their guns with a core through which
a stream of cold water is carried, which makes them
cool regularly ; but he did not consider their mode any
improvement. He thought that the guns at present
used were too short, and that by being a foot or more
longer an economy of powder would result, while- the
range and aim would be better. He thought the shape
of guns was at present faulty. They are, thick at the
breech, and the walls are cast of equal thickness through
their whole length ; and he was inclined to'tbink an im-
provement would be found if the muzzle were thinned
and the breech thickened. One great evil at present
was the faulty character of the iron used for ordnance.
The Turkish guns which be had examined were cast of
gun metal, and did admirably. The Russian guns were
better than ours, and yet the most of them were cast in
this country ; therefore the subject should be carefully
examined.

RUSSIAN VIEW OF TIIE FALL OF

SEBASTOPOL.

The .Nord, the Russian organ published at Brus-
sels, has the following article on the fall of Sebas-
topol :
" Facts of great importance have just taken
place in the Crimea. . _ _

" We havea-sy-e-t but few indications whereby
to appreciate their significance. A rational general
view of them, however, suffices to show us that, de-
spite the eclat which the recent deeds of arms have
thrown upon the French army, the triumph of the
allied armies is more apparent than real, and that,
comparing the state of things before and after the
9th of 'September, it must be acknowledged that it
appears to be modified in the inverse ratio of vic-
tory, that is to say, to the advantage of the Russian
army.

Dr. Rosmorr asked whether it might not be possible
to make guns of bronze, with a lining of iron or steel•? •
• Mr. FAIRBAIRN thought all guns made of pieces, and
of any inixed-nietalr, would prove failures, because of
the frequent heatings they would have to undergo in the
process of manufacture. He thought that steel guns,
examples of which are in the Exhibition of Paris, might
be found very useful, if not for guns of large size, at least
for field pieces and others of small calibre.
In reply to Mr. G. W. Mum,
A GENTLEMAN stated that the Messrs. Downie, of
Woodside Foundry, had lately made a casting for hydros-
tatic purposes, which was made of malleable iron, with a
coating of cast iron, which was capable of bearing a
great pressure. He said that a gun had been made on
the same principle, but it bad not yet been tried.
Dr. ItomNsoN and Mr. FAIRBAIRN were much inte-
rested with this fact, and on inquiring what pressure the
casting had been tried with, were informed that it had
stood a pressure of 5,000 pounds. They concurred in
the idea that the gun should be tested as soon as pos-
sible, for valuable information on the subject might be
elicited.

"Aid, first, let it be said that the result of the
Bth of September has exceeded the expectations;
nay, that it, so to say, cheated the hopes of the
commanders of the allies.

" In fact, if we recall to-mind the tenour of the
Emperor Napoleon's letter to General Pelissier, as
well as the expressions in the telegraphic despatch
from that General after the occupation of the forti-
fications of the Korniloff bastion, it will be seen •
that the allied Powers counted on a defence, foot
by foot, of the south part of the town, and founded
all their provisions on the tenacity of that resist-
ance.

" The obstinacy of the Russian army was turned
to their advantage. Decimated by the more and
concentrated fire of a formidable artillery, that
army would been used up in defending the heap of
ruins presented by the south of Sebastopol. •
" The fall of the place, therefore, if retarded,
must have come at last. But under the above cir-
cumstances it carried with it the loss of the army.
" Nothing is more natural than that the allied
generals should have desired such a result ; but
the Russian Commander-in-Chief has known how
to foil their calculations.

"Determined to attempt everything to prevent
the fall of Sebastopol, he doubtless made the diver-
sion at Tratkir ; he displayed the greatest vigour
in repelling the assault ; but, meantime, he had
prepared everything so as to be able at a moment's
notice to carry out the resolution he had taken
to pass to the north side and concantrate his troops
there.

" The bridge thrown over the bay, the activity.
displayed in fortifying the north side, the convey-
ance thither of a portion of the materiel ; finally,
the promptitude and order with which the transit
was made, prove that the plan had long been pre-
pared admatured.
" It was a serious responsibility which the lus-
sian Commander-in-Chief assumed in the teeth of
public opinion in Russia ; but all his scruples had
to give way to imperious considerations. _ _

" Certainly, when Sebastopol was attacked, it
was for Ragsia to defend it to the utmost.

"It was the centre of valuable establishments ;
it was the cradle of her navy. It would have been
an infamy t•I give up that sanctuary without
striking a blow for it.
" But, i, year passed over ; the maritime and
other establishments had been successively de-
stroyed. The fleet had disappeared beneath the
waves in supplying the wants of the defence.
Many of the brave sailors themselves, at their
head Korniloff, Nachimoff, Istomine, had paid for
their indomitable courage with their glorious lives.
History alimady registered among memorable facts
the heroic resistance of a garrison, exposed, with-
out casemates, with only a few blindages for
shelter, to the continuous discharge of the most
formidable, artillery, both in amount and calibre,
ever brought against a town. •

"T ij at V the of Russia was safe will be
allowed by her most violent detractors ; and it
was, therefore, time to place the real interests of
Russia and strategical considerations above a false
point of honour.
" Russia continued the war, not for the preser-
vation of a: heap of ruins, but for a principle, the
importancQ of which for the independence of
Europe is pnly brought into bolder relief by the
successes of the allies ; for Russia once removed
from the field of action, where would be the boun-
dary against the verdict of limitation pronounced
by the ma4itime Powers ? Now, the defence of this
principle Ought not to remain concentrated around
a heap of jeltones : it could only be continued by a
rational 43posal of resistance.
"This Jiesult was obtained by the concentration
effected or the 9th of September of all the Russian
forces on the north side, with the right resting on
formidable

fortifications erected there, its left on

the A.lackenzie ravines. The Russian army keeps
that of tl.4e allies hemmed in on the plateau of
13alaklava;and Sebastopol. It may thus await the
undertaking of the allies in a stronger, more im-
posing, and more reassured manner than before.
"By this manoeuvre Prince Gortschakoff has
doubled the strength of his army in a strategic
point of Yiew, because, concentrated, it has ac-
quired a Complete freedom of movement ; in a tac.
tical point of view, by the advantage of position.
beyond the range of siege pieces, and where its
field artilitry assures conditions of superiority.
We peat it then—by the events of the Bth
and oth of September the final position of the Rus-
sian army on the theatre of war iu the Crimea has
simplified itself to its advantage. Such is, to our
idea, thelmilitary hearing of these latter events.
"What will their political importance be ? Are
we to be allowed to believe that, from a sentiment
of humanity, on one side they will ho satisfied with
laurels, an the other with respect imposed by the
streugthiof the new position, and shake hands as
enemies tvho respect each other ? Those are ques-
tions which it is not for us to decide.
"It wnuld only appear. to us that, if by the
events of the Bth and oth of September Russia has
got out df a had military dilemma, . the Western
Powers Appear to us to have cut a political Gor-
dian knot which impeded them. It is a phase of
a crisis for both parties. We trust that it may
prove to be for the advantage of the friends of
peace."

TELEGRAPHIC COURTESIES.—GeneraIs Pelissier and
Lo Valliant, the Minister of War, are schoolfellows, and
they have always been such close and intimate friends
that they; tutoyer each other. The telegraphic corntnu-
nications'between them during the siege were of a very
amusing character. On one occasion, Pelissier, being a
little teased, answered "Ta neembigtes." The Emperor
was very, anxious that something should be undertaken
on the 18th of June, and Le Valliant telegraphed to that
effect. Pelissier answered, "Impossible !" The reply
was, "L'Empereur dit qu'il n'y a rien &impossible.'
Pelissier rejoined, " Qu'il vienne done le faire lux-nietne.'l
The Emperor laughed heartily at the reply. The French
Government is certainly fortunate in the possession of a
general of so determined a spirit.—United Service Gazcte.
FORCED WIT IN RUSSIA.—The Augsburg Gazette has
the following from St. Petersburg, under date of Aug.
21 :—" The fine weather is coming to a close, and all
the efforts of musicians and pyrotechnists can scarcely
induce the frosty public of this city to visit Vauxhall
and the Villa Borghese. Instead of these outdoor amuse-
ments, the autumn has produced a plant in the field of
political journalism, from which we will pluck a few
buds as specimens of Muscovite humour. It is a satire,
having for its title 'Extracts from Journals
ehintatshtee, witht pub.
blished in the year 1851, in the Aleutian Islands'
' Trade
raadree
pmoastei
ode sport
by T aorft
.a r i
Thusnoff. '
wlenfi itn find
the
under English
the
haenaddof French
'com-
posed
spice,
Notices,' the following :—' To be sold, 15,000 Sardi-
tNanefirtaaiepneriss:t—rhdgaerroeeoTsdueorfaokbruiespuhdsiiesnmpo:Fasderdeder.ny'olfand; AL n experienced
' real °3; 6 h°P
English floating bat-
teries—goodcourseig ge
r ' o of
fa
30whom years'
practice, cad been made in the
treatment of political matters Allied armies on the most reasonable terms.' The other
extracts are in a similar
anttelrasi'nohtffeerres a
ffhoi
rs d services e rgvriecae
groat morn.
nigh toareartilvhreeyie:.
strain. The novelty of such a
went to the public."

THE FALL OF
SEBASTOPOL.—Considering the very
general and intense anxiety to learn more full details of
the fall of Sebastopol than can possibly be conveyed by
the short paragraphs of the electric telegraph, it may be
as. well to state that the written despatches of General
.c,tmpson left Ealaklava, on the 1] th inst. in a ship of war
specially detached for the purpose, in charge of one of
the aides-de-camp of the Commander-in-Chief. This
vessel, being under no obligation to call at other ports,
will proceed direct to Marseilles, and will anticipate the
regular mail by about two days. The despatches may,
therefore, bo expected by Friday or Saturday next. In
the meantime, any hour may bring telegraphic announce-
ments of subsequent events of importance. It is pro-
bable that the promotions consequent upon the victory
and the day of national thanksgiving and gratitude to
the Giver of all Good may be deferred until the authentic
and official account of the I.ictory flail be receirod.-_-:
Glow!