The Express.
London, England, 1857-04-23 00:00:00

THE ELECTRIC TBLEORAPR.

The electric telegraph has become a valuable
anzillary to the service of the Post-office. Its annotates-
male of the arrival of the foreign whet. in sight of the
Hoeft west give the warning for preparation for the raw
diedherles of fareiga and colonial mails, which are now Qi
imam nteipallede. During the recent elections, the
gees meat became beensdietely acquainted with the result.
of the contests through the medium of the telegraph Oct in
by the Peet-eace AAR throughout the couatre.
Tnedaerika this arrangement an ill1111(1140 number of election
=Memeeen reached the General Poet-otfice daily,
anPh Si .ones eammunicated to the government.
The talegraph is now extended to almost every railway
teen in the kingdom. By mean, of the submarine cables
mum the British Channel to Calais, ()geed, end
the Hague, almost every European capital is en rapport
with London. The longest extension of the telegraph,st
mem; is that between London and lialekleva, through
Vienna and Varna, end between the English metropolis./
Simpheropol, by way of St. Petersburg and Moscow. T.
Russianrailromb will extend it to all parts of. north-tenet
Europe. The waggon-road bout the Mueassippi to the
Padne, decided on by the United State. government, win
Icing California into immediate telegraphic ceoununantim
with New York. In a abort time Europe will be telegraph".
rally joined with the north-western pats of Africa; &adj.
Meditemeneen will be crossed by eubmarine cables from north
to south. Lisbon ill being joined to London rai Madrid, by
telegraph, by lumen. of which new. will reach England four
or nere days in advance of the Brazilian and Gibraltar mail
packets from South America, the Cape de Verde, and the Spe-
nish and Portuguese towns on the Peninsular coast. Thelareg
down of the Atlantic submarine cable will mark an era in mks
history of the telegreph, for it will test the practicability Of
telegraphic communication with almost every part of the
civilised world. The distance between Ireland and New-
foundland, the termini of the Atlantic cable, is nearly 2,000
miles. By means of that cable we shall have telegraphh
oreeneunicatica with New Orleans, near the Gulf of Mexico,
• dletenoe of 4,000 mile., and at no distant period with Sin
such longer distance. Already • plan foe Me
needs, by tehgeeph the Woe hided/lands with Europe, the
the United States, has been projected, and apparently cable
oak accompisisd by extending the telegraph to Smash
and knit theme to the Bahamas, or from New Orleans to the
sentliresslera point of the United States, and from theme
WPM the Mesita of Florida to Cuba. From Cuba a mew*
to of short submarine cables could be laid dove
Is Meek Guiana and Trinidad by way of St. Thomas, mg
Wade the whole of the Antilles. The distance betimes
awe adjoining two of the latter does not exceed 493 mil%
sod many et the cables would not be longer than that which
ansielies hoar Dover to Ostend. From Jamaica to Coke
the dislann is only 700 mike, or the latter Oaks could be
reached from St. Thomas's by land and sea tekvapbe,
the Spanish main. }'rom Colon the wires could be aerial
serer the Panama railroad to the western terminus of that
line, from which they could be extended to the numerate
end wealthy towns on the New Grenadian, Equadonen, Ps.
Tartan, Bolivian, end Chilian cow, from Buenaventura ta
Valparaiso. Thil line, with the one through the United
States to the Pacific, would place Europe in immediate
communication with the gold mines of California
the silver mines of Peru, and the pearl ilehnite
of Panama. From lievannide, meow the Madera Onif,
the distance is 810 miles; but Raise Ind
could be joined to Panama, from wham the who=
carried overland to the city of Mexico, end hem thanes .the
great specie shipping ports ot Vega Cros and T
Teeniest
_to the met, the sea line between th=s Eli
in Canard to Meeker le less than 1,000 miles ; ken the
Weer pies le Mahe the distesce is 981 mike ; ad hem
Maya to Ma capilsi emt=cat is 819 miles. Wreeip there
Is • between Akashi& re
lead t=fisa is bat 1,300 nilles letgth, and are
Aim is Bombay the distance is Gay 1,914 ram Ile
Bap at Blowy the Mediterrantan, and Ans•
tin leas being cabled, Landon would be ads.
14triy united with the whole of India. Free
to Point de Gallo the Mitence is only lid
miles, and a submarine cable between these two ppodlaetse
could be separated at Colombo or Trincomalee. From Pend
de Gallo to Penang the sea line is 1,213 railed Eva the
diatoms of the letter place to Calcutta is but 1,286 miles, and
• submarine cable from the northern to the southern palate
of the bay of Bengal could be divided at one of our settle.
meats on the Burmese coast. Singapore is 381 miles freer
Penang, and 1,437 milts nom Hong Kong. Batavia is alp
520 miles from Singapore, and but 2,089 miles from icil
Georges Sound. From the latter place the telwao o
be easily carried to Adelaide, Melbourne, and Sydney, ad
across Bum straits to Tasmania. It thus appeal, that if the
Atlantic cable mimed& there would be no physical obstacle
to connecting together by telegraph meet of the chief sespeeln
in Europe, America, Aria, Africa, and Australis, and that,
too, without touching at any spot inhabited by eavegte,
whore the defence of telegraph wires would be expensive. /a
all the distances above-mentioned, the see line is a Weight
one, end only in one instance a trifle longer than the cable
which will be necessary to connect Valentia, in Ireland, with
St. John's, in Newfoundland.

THE GC Le STREAM IN THE ATLANTIC. --The
general description of the gulf-strewn, apse from any pees
sent question as to ita weave, la that of a vast and rapid
ocean-current, issuing from the bruin of the Mexican ea
end Caribbean Sea, doubling the southern ceszfan p:idasa
preening forwards to the north-coat, in a line
to the American coed ; touching on the southern bodies ed
the Grand Banks of Newfounatiand, end at some seas=
partially pawing over them • thence, with increasing width
and diffusion, traversing the whole breadth of the Attendee
with a central direction tower& the British Islas ; and !Wally
loving itself, by Hill wider diffuoion, in the Bayer Biwa', an
our own shores, and upon the lung Has of the Norwegisa
coaster. Its identity In physical characters is premed
throughout the many thousand miles of its continuous dew
—the only change undergone la that of degree. As it
waters gradually commingle with thew of the surround!
sea, their deep blue tint declinea, their kg' h temptable,
diusiniabee, the speed with which they peas forwards deka
But tskii4 the strewn in its total course, it well warms*
the vivid dawription of our author, and the name be hasten
upon It of • "river in the ocean." Title epithet
to memory the jell illsreande of Homer), is, in trier=
tidy appropriate to this vent warrant ; so constant and new
*moue in ate muse; ands° terengelydetacked from the
mew of ocean waters; which, whit* seemingly cleft asunder
to give path to its &et impulse, are yet ever pressing upon IS,
gradually impairing its tome and destroying its individuality.
The maximum of velocity where the stream quits tie
narrow channel of Derain', whieh comprewes its egress dew
the gulf, is about four mike an hour. Off Cape Hatteras, la
North Carolina, where it has gained a breadth of 76 mike
the velocity is reduced to three mile.. Oa the parallel dike
Newfoundland banks it is further reduced to a mile and algal
an hour, end this gradual abatement of force is madame
sea, the Atlantic. The temperature of the current endow
goes similar change. The highest observed is about SS deg,.
Fahrenheit. Between Cape Hatter. and Nes-founded.
though lessened in amount, the warmth of the stream la
winter is still 25 or 30 dme above that of the ocean through
which it flows. Nor I. this heat wholly lost when it rescluy
and is spread over, the masts of Northern Europa TM
waters, thus constantly Sewing to us from the trapled
region., bring warmth as well .1 abundant moisture to use
own islands; end Ireland especially, upon which they wee
directly impinge. doubtless derives much of its peculiwite d
climate, its moisture, verdure, and abundant vegetate%
from this source. Were it needful to seek proof of the pas
manence of the great natural phenomenon of which we M
speaking, we might end it in thoae curious passages of wrist
geographers—romponius Meta and I. Solinus Poly's**.
for example—which describe the peculiarities of the leek
soil and climate eighteen centuries ago, almost as we shoal
depict them now. But the influence of the Gulf-Wee*
does not atop even here. The climate it may be said been
ray la diffused, more or lees, over the whole Now**
comet, the Impede end produce of which singularly =MA
with those of the corresponding latitudes in North Americo!
Greenland, and Siberia. Other canoes doubtless contribute
to this effect ; but none, we apprehend, so largely* us
ceasingly. The influence of the temperature of the Gar
strewn upon animal life in the ocean te very curious. The
whale so sedulously shone its warm waters, so almost It
indicate their track by its absence, while yet abundantly
found on each oide of it. The physical review are doubtless
the same which prevent thin great marine pummel from ewe
creasing the equator bons one hemisphere to the other—a fat
now well ascertained. The various species of tieb, shirk
are firm and of excellent flavour in the colder belt of sear
the American coast, lore all their good qualities when takes
out of the Gulf-stream, running closely parallel to it. Oa
the other hand, the more delicate marine productions, whs•
thee animal or vegetable, which multiply and prosper by
warmth, are redundant in the Gulf-stream, even after it bas
quitted the temicril regions whew* He heat is derived. The
food is thua matured for the whale field of the Aviree, whew
thin huge denials of the seas flourishes in colder "raw,
amidst the alnualanto so provided.—EdiribileyA Refire, sea
number.
THE EASTERN COVNTIEs ItAILWAY.—Much dies
content (mints ermined daily passengers on the Woodford
branch of this raileay, on account of the new regekdrd
which compels the holdero of day tickets to elect between*,
Fenchstre.h-street and the Bishopewite termini. "A Falai
Forester' who professes to speak in their name' warns WI.
vidual shareholders : " let. That rattlers in the for forest
resolving and preparing to decamp, and go elsewhere; *dr
that others at newer stations are in °minors,. comeiuniestaa
with omnibus proprietors; 3rd, that others who wad to
elk
, ant dew now will not-- not amply to spite the campasle
• but to recoup themeelvea for the extra eixpcnose extorted
Stratford ; 4th, that in the present state of feeling it would
be stay for us to orgenioe a general scheme of self-ddeeres
and mutually pledge ourselves to take third-elare ticksil
till the obnoxious changes are repealed ; end th*
they must either end sus eturiages of that risas, ere
carry us in letter carriages, either way at a ire
, rate, ad ieeieiteei ; fifthly, that excursionists will be T
luctant e
to expose themselves to the expense and
trips by the line as now conducted; and, lastly ancreold'
ray, that it is better to emoniniodate than diegua your of:
rumen. If you err& into a baker's and ask for a ban, Ism
! be, instead, him you in the eye, you do not go there olt
• and you deter your friends. So with railway corer**
the public; the Eastern Counties Railway Cameanyeelerf
us with vexatious and petty nets of tyranny end restrtodedi
in return, we deprive them of every penny of our 01111
whteh
we an by fair means keep from thew, and we celebrate
for
to our Mende and the public by the unpleasant *Wit
of their eignitleant initi ale into Mu• h flattering phrases**,
talreiseix cantankerous,' and extensively cursed mane
inerspany.