The Express.
London, England, 1850-02-02 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 2, 1850.

the satiny. (Cheers from the minheeidiste) He Co.- I
wised that the landed Interest had great isms ts
af elawasraser in which, is am mss% Ihey salt:
Ho was not drat
lid hes . gestlesse
led* eaglets .et the remand is wbMh the own
iddbw tad ; bat wadi I:ll:sawent bare
bt;
creLltermablat
big dna leall diet the
generahen.
, Vat
Wria of the mufti hat Ikea 'attired the
Moseyed alasere.) There wee we meature.whieh
be of gnat service to the agrltsitsral Interest—he
alluded to an alteration of the law d settlement, which
wesid greedy affect the candle* of Se agricultund la-
beim aad occupier of land. He sonteaded that the time
had arrived whoa the total 'lodides of the law of settlement
was demanded b the fewest, of the working tires.., and
mere y by the employer of the agrisaltarl
bower, in order to carry oat tau mope, system of waltire-
doa which ought to take place. He west farther, and mid
that then w. ru great didlealtir L the way of

landmass, in this -country la trivia( That eneeinge-
meet. by Se application of ektli, lad a, end capital,
to thesaltintlea of which time wets opento put
k pekoe by the ministerial Aloof the Imam He Defined
that In a Mb= 1111.0111“111 similar to those adopted to
Militate the of repity In Ireland would bs neces-
sary also in anstry. met is giving Ms support to pro-
poaitions Wended fir the relief of the agricultural interest,
her ever weld he prepared to advocate say measure which,
while benellthig one elan, would do inlaid's to ether Weesse.
(Hear, hear.) His oblivion to the corm law had bees this,
that it was unjust to other dance—(chum from the mi.
nisterialista)--and, that being nejust to other clause, it
must be projae'irdil to that interest for whose behoof it was
more particularly enacted. He must observe, also, that
though be wa• about to v as with hon. gentlemen who had
been lately addressing large cithstimeacies in the north of
England, yet that, in hie °piano, the way to treat the
agricultural ceases was not to use amass towards them, or
to tee lineage which night be of an initatieg character.
Its He bad low HAW the seconds upon which
wouldits veto be recorded, and he had to thank the house
Ike the Mad and patient attention wi:h which this, hie first
giber, bad been neeived.
Mr. CHRISTOPHER raid he 'Wald have been much
mere Paddled than he was if the Ina gentleman who had
just resumed hie seat had followed is the wake of his noble
relative (Lout Yarborough), and defended the principle of
protection. Hu obliet in rising war to emote the right hon.
gentleman, the Chaaeellor of the Exilwaner, and other hon.
gentlemen oa the Wait/arid siie dabs knee, that if they
thought the great qatetiest of free treats and protection was
to be brought to a final Issue by the mae new te be riven,
they were inestgelevensaly mistaken. (Ghent from the pro-
tectionists.) Be made this amertiva in order that it might
be kite+, cat of doors, and that those who held the opinions
he meintehted might not suppose that this question had been
brought before the house with the view of *siding the con-
flicting opinion which prevailed, but that it
bad been forced on by the austner in which
the agricultural interest had been tnated. It was no dine
upset
e to her Majesty to say that he and *then complained of
royal speech, for the speech was not that of her Majery,
bet of her Majesty's ministers. (" Hear, hear," from Col.
Sibthorp.) Hon. gentlemen opposite seemed to suppose
that her Majesty in the 'perch sympathised with the distress
in the agricultural diotricts, bet this was not the
ease, for the existence of that distresswas not
event acknowledged. (Hear, hear.) He bad lately
witnewed the greatest distress, arising mainly from free
trade measures, in the county which he had the honour to
represent, Lincolnshire. That county had lately assembled,
on a requisition presented to the sheriff, and signed by the
principal tenant farmers, t t express its views of them mea-
sures. 20,000 tenants and labourers were present, and
those unable t, attend assembled at the various railway sta-
tic= along the line of country, and cheered the train as
they pawed, thus showing their seattiseesace in the roues
adopted by the leaded interest. (Hear.) He believed it
would be found from the poor law returns that the
pauperism of the county of Lincoln had increased
within the last year to a very alarming extent.
The boa. member recapitulated the items of cost and profit
in en estate belonging to himself, chiefly consisting of land
so reclaimed, and ssid the change of prices within the last
year had cane rted an annual gain of 2171. into a
Mos if riot. It might he very well for honourable gen-
tlemento say, and he did not quarrel with them for holding
the °pinks, that the importations of corn were for the benefit
of the country at large, awl therefore the apiculture' interest
must put up with it it might be all very well for them to
show that this was (or the benefit of the couatry at large,
but he wanted to know what answer these morons could
give who held out to them in future better prospects, and a
return to more prosperous times, when it was admitted that
these enormous importations must take place. He heard
nothing from his right h so. friend, um Chancellor of the
Exchequer; had be hold out any reason to suppose that
they were to hare more proeporous times, that they were to
have better prices for agricultural produce ? And if they
were cot to have better prices, if these who held extreme
opinions upon this subject were to say that the agricultural
interest malt suffer for the benefit of the manufacturing
districts, then, he said, the statements he put before this
Mew would be realised, and, instead of having thow scenes
of misery and famine which had been witnamed in Inland
In the union of Kilrualt, he ventured to say that, unless they
were to have some substantial relief by legislative means—he
did not pretend to come here as a prophet—bat he ventured
to my they would have the scones of Kilnish netted here.
In departing on this occasion from the usual course of at-
quiets:ins in the address, they had been compelled to adopt
that course by the condition of the agricultural interest. For
himself, if he stood alone in the house, he could not acquiesce
in the statement that the agricultural interest complained
without reason. It was because he could not se-
quiet's in such a statement, sad because he believed
that the present ',stem had inflicted a deep-rooted
injury on agricaltan that would not be remedied unless
they retuned back .0 the principle of legislation which they
had abandoned, that be should vote for the amendment.

Mr. J. T. M'CULLAGH said he wished to disclaim the
imputatioa that had been thrown os that aide of the house,
'that they &stied the existence of agricultural distrees. The
hoe. gentleman was muck better acquainted with the state
of things in the agricultural districts in England than he
(Mr. M'Culligh) wee, but the amendeneat proposed by the
right hes. baronet contained the significiot words " especially
Ia Inked," mid he thought he would perdue him for stating
UM he hew the state of that country u well to the hcn.
baronet did. If he were to be rather hypercritical upon
time, ha might venture to surest that the hoe. gentleman
had Ow a rather peculiar significance to the ten that was
mete of the tenant farmer due in the work of agitation
if ha did not misunderstand him altogether, he told
them that the owners of land in his county lefties& ham
beta, any part until they had obtained the SIMS
of tholl tenant farmers to the requisition. That bad
suseasded in England, but it was well ascertained that the
gene wettest of annageneat had net anatuded en the other
aide of the emu). They (sks prelistimiels) had asked for
the l.dgmeat of the turned belied, and it had hum given
against them. The hon. hugest who morsel the eenesdinent
to the address spoke of the that had heat made
under protection, and that land been drained and oulti.
vested, but he would tell him that be found ahem under
protection—be did not say in Sounnence of protection—but
he wished to make a comperiese Ia order to show what w as
the state of agriculture in the county of Galway in the year
1834, when they were enjoying protection. Out of 740,000
acne not only then, but down to the last year o! the exist-
ence of protection, not one in fear was able to produce wheat.
He had chosen for inquiry those parishes which were most
remote from each other. There was cue which he had felt
it to be his duty to exudes cerefully and minutely, the
' only district in Inland where the Coercion Act of 1833
was then in operation—an sot pealed upon the allegation
that such wee the discontent and distress prevailing in
party of Ireland that crime had reached its highest point—
and the enforcement of which was left In the discretion of
the executive government. This was one of the places in
whisk the Marquis of Nonnanby, who then bad the conduct
of the Irish government, had thought it necessary to apply
the act--a district about equi-distant from Galway, a ship-
ping port, and the Shannon—a place es little known
the country ea any that mid be named—the
parish of Killiney. In that tigrish it had been truly said that
if all the broken days' worki were mat together, there was
not employment for 100 menall the year round ; and that
was what wee called espying proteetion. (Hear, hear.)
One man daft said, " We grow the corn, but we are not
allowed to eat it;" another, " We can rear, but we
may ate est, the bout" another, "Everything
that is reared and grown for fifty miles round goes
to a folio market"—meaning the English market.
(" Hear,' Ames, and laughter from the protectionists.)
Ha eaereeed that cheer,
_sad would tell the hon. mode-
ms. hem when presesiell that anything more foreign to
the rifts sad hopes Si the Irish people could not be con.
' ceived than le mad them back to "the enjoyment" of pro-
tubas. (Ohms.) It was the worst and most tumble
course that could be taken, If the object was to
obliterate snit distinctions u he had alluded to. It
was said the return to protection would enable the
owners of the moil to borrow money more cheaply. No doubt,
the period of protection wee on. of unparalleled enjoyment
for those who lent and borrowed on mortgage ; but, besides
those two elusee, every one declared that the pupils were
growing worse and worse, that there was no chance of site.
quate employment for the population, that the land—owing
to factitious prioto—commanded a rent which people were
unable to pay, and that, in a neighbouring country, labour
was literally of no value at all. (Hmr, bear.) What was
the alternative now proposed by the protectionists, based on
other principles than that which had hitherto characterised
OUT legislation ? The house was asked to circumscribe the
poor law, so as only to give out-door relief in cams of
great emergency—to undo the act of 1846--and to go
back to protection. There was one body cf men in Ireland
whose opinion on the misguides of the people wee moat
valuable and entitled to the highest regard, because, though
emeeisting with the middle classes of society, both be cows
sad senetry, they wen not exclusively of one creed, party,
or eft, het bekeZatao all who had hitherto been considered
the lamb= a in that country, who differed from
each ether ea one matters, but whose *Amide"ce and
essaimlty ea OW subject was a pregnant sign of the dam,
whisk MUM could mistake. Thonoble lordoppoefte (Granby)
seemed le be esesedinsty uneasy as to the course likely to be
baba Mime this country by the United States. It was
a new to blffhear the government of the
= INSlllOates gaoled as an authority, and praised by hen.
opposite. He had no objection to this; but
was ono quality is which all would agree
that that government Ins sot deficient—in taking
very good eon of their own interests. The noble
lord seemed greatly afraid of the threat thrown
out by somebody—of a refusal to take wine ten
Wiliam' wee* of oar manedisiares. It might be supposed
from this that it was a matter of pm bertelkonos, free
tholes or eagles, white led the people of the states to take

eo largely of oar maafectaree. Bat bad they not, in rit•
turn, a luge market for their agricultural produce ? (Hoar,
boar.) We were cot la the habit of giving away our
etanufeeturas, any um than they would give away their
mile. As to the snide of raw cotton, he did not be.
Urn it was in the pewit of a• goverment of the
Ballad BMW, except by a total sad fundamental change
in the oonsehatioa of the republic, to impose any ditty
whatever on that article., Before that could b. &gut, it
would be nemeary to change the opinion, not of a ats.
jority may, bat of two-thirds or three fourths of the
whole people. (Hear, hear.)

Mr. BOBEftT PALMER', as re presenting a purely agri-
cultural county, supported the amendment, uneidering the
words it prop' sed to add to the address, framed, as it was,
of very great importance. He justified the calling of public
meetings to ascertain the opinions of the clears interuted
in the cultivation of the land, and the result proved that
this was a tenant-farmers' anal labourers' question. T: .e
cause of agricultural distress was obvious—it was
the necessary consequence of the changes introduced
since 1846; end the distress reacted upon small
traders, whilst wages fall with the depreciation of
neutraraing the advantage of cheap bread. He dls•
putt,' the ',nation, that the but test of the CCP dition of the
labourieg claws wu the amour t given by way of pauper re-
lief; there w.s a distinction between pauperism and poverty ;
the diminution of the former might co exist with mach dm
tress amongst the better clams of the poor. He urged the
various arguments in favour of the principle of protection,
which was recognized in respect to other inter. sta whose
claims were lets seas enable than thine of the farmer; and
he insisted that ens of two courses must be tak-n—tither
protection must, in itime degree, be rest.rsd, or the burdens
if the airit unless' interest must be reduced.

Mr. MUNTZ said that were he to cumuli his own opinion
SP to the advisability of contiauieg the debate, he w t have
remained in his seat, because lee could no: cat • ove tno use
of debating a subject matter, the reality of which
was admire' and acknowledged. (Hear, hear.) He
wished to ask the peoectionist gentlemen—suppoeieg the
government felt inelteed to reimpose a duty en foreign pro-
duce, how they were to tetrad, their steps ? (Hear, hear.)
Ile defied them to retrace their at. pea Olen, hear.) The
question was settled, and thou woo sought ter eretecti7n
should seek it from another quarter and by other trues
than government or governmental interferecee. (Hear,
hear.) His object in rising was to ask a question of bon.
gentlemen at the opposite sale of the house, in reterenee
statements which tee ha: locoed put fel weed, but watch he
could net comprehend, and which question w e, " shy
should not agricultural produce advance la price ? (Hear,
hear.) Very probably, some hoe. gentlemen would reir.em-
her that in 1846, when he vaned kr the abolition of protective,
he said he d so because he conceived, by the abolition of
tarot eclat' price inreality would not be re laced; and for
that reason he voted for the repeal of the c ern laws. (Hear,
h at.) Now, there bad been a great deal said on the
fres trade side as to the state of commerce, and in-
creased prosperity of the country; but with all their bound
preeptrity he should sty it was e. ono-sided pr .sperity.
(Hear, hear.) He wished to know bow protection—so
mach whited for by gentlemen on the other side of the
hurt—was to be obtateed ; or, if attained, how the export
trade of thee country was to exist? (Hear, heir) How
could any man manufacturing for the export trade exist?
(Hear, hear.) The protection they looked for
torus protected themselves, therefore let theta not reek it,
for they =Leta rest assured they could not obtein it, unles
through a *ea of blood and cba'e, the idea of which it must
be )earful to contempiete. (Rear, hear.) Whilst on the
question of exports, he should notice an erroneous return
made in the manufacture of zinc. (Laughter.) In the
returns the article of mice hid been set down at 2,000 tons
manufeetared, though tie well knew, and could show, that
not 1,000 tons were manufactured in all Englani. Next, in
reference to the article of bullion—let theta lock to the
returns of 1847, when the exports of bullion were so great
that the reduction in the price of menu &eland goods be-
came greater than was ever known previously; yet the
result was that when the,o ertielea went eat of the country
it had the effect of entering the bullion—•(hear, bear)—
and even at present these goods were relatively lower than
was ever previously known. The high price of corn would
have a tendency to increase the price or wag 1, and conse-
quently of manufactured produce. That relatively high
price, he believed, could be attained without protection ;
and therefore the gentlemen who advocated protective
could not, and, in his ceinion, did not deserve to succeed
in their object, and consequently he should be prepared to
support her Majesty's ministers. (Hear, hear.)

Mr. IiERRIES and the gentlemen who sat upon the
benches neer him found it irapossible to acquiesce in the
language of her Majesty's erech with justice 'o them-
selves, or to those whose interests they represented. They
felt that it would have been subserviency in them
to allow the occasion to pass without formally declar-
ing such t) be the case, and he, therefore, rose to
give his cordial assent to the amendment. As the debate
had proceeded now to something near its ta ere ioation—a
strung disposition having been manifested to close it that
night—(hear, hear)—he would suggest to his (rienZa near
him that the pro cut was not the occasion upon which it was
tad:smoothly necessary for them to put forward all their
force of argument in favour of the principles they main-
tained. (Laughter.) The right hon. gentleman then
proceeded, rather inaudibly, to show that the stmistical state-
ments made by the mover of the a-luress in support of the
assertion that the repeal of the navigation laws has already
improved the shipbuilding trade, were not correely applied,
and had been made use of unfairly. The Chancellor
of the Exchequer had likewise boosted that the Bank
of England in 1849 contained as mach as 15,700,0901. in
gold. But he met that feet by another equally strong,
namely, that before that great convulsion of 1847, which
shook the mercantile condition of the country to i's
foundation, the Beek of England contained the
largest amount of gold ever kuowa 16,000,0901., be.
beg 390,0001. mare then in the boasted year of 1819.
It was admitted on all hands that there was great distress
amongst the agricultural interest. (Hem.) The govern•
ment admitted it, though of in a satlefectory manner ; awl
the Chancellor of the Exchequer coupled himself by saying
that the cheapness of food caused b 7 free trede had greatly
improved and benefited all the other isterestsin the country.
Now, even admitting such to be the fact it spoke little for
the foresight of the government, who, during the debates on
the corn laws maintained that the repeal of thou
laws would not create such a fall in price as was
then prognosticated, and as had since taken place.
(Hear, hear.) Without then entering at length into the
question of protection and free trade, he would observe
that by protection they meant something very different frost;
what some _ imagined they meant. It was assumed
by their opponents that by protection they meant encourage-
ment, favour, and security for their own special advan-
tage. Now, he denied that such was the fact. By protection
they. meant justice, and only justice—(hear, hear)—they
asked soy no more, and while he knew not how strong might
be the courage of hon. members in reference to that subject,
he must say that when such a body of men, when an interest
which weeded the whole of the United Kingdom, which
was the foundation of all other wealth and the sub-
stance; of the country,' asked far justice, justice must
ultimately be conceded. (Hear.) Hs would not imitate thou
who had instigated these changes by dealing in threateniogs
in the presence of assembled multitudes—(hear. bear)—and
telling those multitudes that so and so should ba done.
(Hear, hear.) The honourable gentleman whet spoke
last had told them that if they were to at-
tempt to return to protection, the commerce of the
country would suffer in consequence. Why, lire years
ago the export had, of the country was even more fl oartsh•
ice than at present. A larger quantity of manufactured
goods was exported within a given period in ledi than was
i6e cog exported within the same period at the present time;
though in 1845 that corn law, the existence of which, the
hon. m• Wier said, was incompatible with a flourishing
export of British_ produce and manufactured goods, was still
in operation. (Hear, hear.) He supported the amend-
ment, in order to indicate that it was the feeling of that side
of the house that their claims should have been referred to
in the royal speech in a different tone—that more regard
should have been evinced for the agricultural hasn't, and
that its connexion with the social prosperity should have
been more clearly recognised. ()ear, hear.) The day
must come, and that spey, when there would be a full
consideration of the whole subject. An appeal must then
ba nude to the judgment and the wisdom of the I. gislatnre,
and, with temper and moderation, they could hardly fail to
secure success. With these feelings, abstaining from imitat-
ing the .language of those to whom he had referred, but
entertahung • respectful confidence in the returning judg-
ment and sense of justice,—the patriotism, prudence, and
moderation of the howl., lie awaited the result. (Ckeen.)
Mr. LABOUCHERE said there were one or two
observations in the speech of tho right hon. gentleman
who bad jut sat down which he was unwilling to
pass over in silence. The right hon. gentleman had said
that so far as the effect of the alteration of the navigation
laws had yet been aseertainee it could not be asserted that
the apprehensions which had been so well lently expressed
on his own side of the louse as to the operation of the change
on the shipping interest and on the mercantile community in
general, would not be realised. He quite agreed that it
would then be far too early for himself, or any one else, who
had promoted the recent alteration, to boast of success ; hut,
on the other hand, when challenged, as he had been by the
right hon. gentleman he confidently appealed to the repre-
sentatives of the shipbuilding and the sbipowning port of
this country to declare whether it were true that the paraly-
sation of the industry of the dockyards of this country had
yet resulted from the measure of last session. (Hew, bear.)
The subject was one which he had examined with the great-
est care; and never had he made an assertion with more
oonfidenee—and he challenged contradiction on the part of
any mercantile men, or any representative of a ges-port, in
that house—than when be said that the whole butane of
this conatry in connection with ship-building and ship-own-
ing was in a most satisfactory state. Ile believed it
to be a feet that there were at least as many
ships building in this country at that moment as there
had been at any period daring the last twenty years. A
larger and • better &seri tion of vends was being built.
He had receiveda eownfeatlon from a person of the very
highest authority is Noway, which stated that with regard
to the fears that were entertained of the competition of the
ships of this country with Baltic vessels, although seve-
ral orders had been sent to Norway from this country to take
up Norwegian vessels, not one had been chartered for the
long voyage, for it was found that the Norwegian shipowner
could not sell his Tugela la long voyages at so cheap a rat*
se it could he done in this Gauntry. The same
gentlemen, a man of the very greatest experience
fa NirrllLslsied that he was convinced that the Nerwegian
Wei bon RR Mg Magas meet come to this country to he
appered, to ban thsh boats put in, and other services m-
eowed. He would not say mere upon this subject, for the
hetes would have ether and fitter opportunities for discus-
leg it. There was another point which had been raised at
many of the meetings which had been held in various parts
of the Country by gentlemen connected with the landed

interest. Several oldies* gentlemen had stated that favour
of same sort wu still shown to the mutafaaturers of
the country which was net shown to the agricultural
ntereMs. It was quite true that there were still some VCIF
tiges of the old protection system remaining, but they
applied equally to the 'manufacturing and agricultural
interests, Any gentleman who would take the trouble to
look into the tariff would find that the articles of manu-
facture to which protection was still afforded were pro•
tooted only by ave:y low duty. What were the articles
of msnufactutts which were still protected? Thegreat article
that still remained protected was silk. (Ilene hear.) Un-
doubtedly on silk there still remained en important protec-
tion; it was protected by e duly of 15 per curt , which
produced a revenue of 224,0001. The other articles co pro.
nand were gloves, artillend Bowers, and several others of
minor importance. He would °burro here that the great
staple articles of the manufacture of the country—
woollens and cottons—were absolutely and completely
unprotected. (Cheers.) With the exteption of
silk, there was not one single article protested
which was not the produce of artisan. employed in making
up manufactured goods of a secondary kind—(heat), or
articles the produce of a clue of persons for whom great
public sympathy had been excited. He alluded to Anode
labour. The duty on artificial Bowen was 25 per cent., and
it produced a
protection of 15 per cent. on the labour of the
needloweraen, a class of the community necessarily
from general reasons one of the most distressed
and suffering, but up to the present moment it bad
enjoyed nearly the greatest amount of protection. Nor was
the produce of agriculture entirely excluded from protection.
It was not because he denied the existence of distress that he
was opposed to the amendment which had been moved to
the address, but because be was perfectly satiefitel that the
coarse which it proposed to take would only lead to delusion.
(Cheers) He hoped that that distr..' was bat temporary,
U. did not wish to enter into any unnecessary calcula-
none or arguments upon the subject, but he would say that
it was inc.nceieable to him how any i) stem which pro-
moted the commerce, the manufactures, the trade, and the
general interests of the country, should not have a similar
e fleet upon the landed interests. It was abetted to Pay
that the commerce of the country would flourish, and that it',
fields would fade—that its commerce and trade would be ex-
tended, and that its agricultural interests would languiee. He
looked to ward with the most perfect conlideece to very dif-
ferent peep, e.ts to the agriculture of the c..untry, and he
believed the: there would very speedily be a censiderable
amendment it the situation of tee landed interest. He t. r
one did nct doubt that the house would persevere in the
commercial policy lefties had recently been introduced. in
the firm and 'cement conviction that it ICJI the oelyeiossible
mode of obtaining general security awl prosperity. (Cheers.)
Mr. DISRAELI rose to support the ameedment which
had been moved by his hon. friend the member for Lincoln-
shire. He IVA sure that tha noble lord would not think it
disrespectful in him if he did not enter into aey comment
on more than one portion of the address in answer to the
speech trent the throes. That addend' contained notices of
subjects of the very greatest interest and importance, on
many of which ho would have ventured, untie, other cir-
cumstances, to =guiles some information from her Majeety's
ministers; hut, cerniderieg the hour of the night, the general
tone of the debate and the anxiety felt, he believed on both
sides of the house, that the question should be settled th et
night, the noble lord would permit him to confines his
remarks to one point is the eddresr. Ile (Mr. rselil
believed that there was no question in the house at that
moment, whatever might flute been the case preview te the
commencement cf the debate on Thursday evening, • hat
what was celled agricultural distress prevailed. They
had had, after some ecejelcel expressions, wit-
nesses from both sides of the bane of coasidereble
intelligence and intormatioil, who had attested
that fact, the last was tee President of the Board of Trade
He (Mr. Disraeli) thought be might state without exieg-
geration tbat agricultural distress prevailed in Eneland ;
is Scotland agricultural dimity at the least, and he
supposed he must leave for Ireland agricultural
desolation. (Cheers.) He thought that no better
evidence was required of the existence of this distress
and of its cause than was given by the bon. gentle men who
moved the address. That bon. gentleman bad frankly in-
formed them that he had no deem that a sum amounting I
almost to an eighth of the national debt had been taken
from the ce.ieultural classes, sad taken from them within a
very brief peeled, by the influence of legislative enact-
ments.
(Cheers.) He was net going to sneak either of
the wisdom cr of the fully of these enactments;'
ho was merely calling a witness forward who
upon such a topic must surely be considered of the very
highest authority. 'that witness had come forward, and
had Lad them that one of the most important—nay, the
principal breech of the national industry, had, according to
his own account, within a very brief period, been deprived
of the receipt of between ninety and a hundred
million sterling, which, according to tko same wit-
ness, it had beta in the habit of receiving,
and that the want of receipt bad been caused by a recent
and certainly unexpected chang3 in the laws. (Hear,
hear.) It was therrtore evident, and he thought it would be
acknowledged by all to be not eurprisine, that distress and
suffering should be so severe and so general; that it should
be complained of in Eeglsnd, that it should be acknow-
lodged in Scotland, and that it should be deemed over-
whelming
in Ireland. (Cheering from the inetectionists.)
He begged to enforce there circumstances upon the et:orlon
of the Louse; and the house recollecting hew wisely ex-
tended was the distress, according to the boa. gentlebtan
woo moved the address, and how that distress had peen
caused by the previous conduct of the house, would permit
him to recall to their recollection, also, the terms in which
that distress was intimated in the speech from the throne.
(Haar, hear.) Unhappily, it was not then described
as distress—(chap)—but the expressing of the feelings
of great clause of the community who had been submitted
to the action of circumstances as vast as bad been eeknow
lodged by the hon. member for Wolverhampton, were
merely noticed u " complaints "—(cheers)—they were
merely noticed as complaints the justice of which wee studi-
ously not acknowledged. (Loud cheering.) It was indeed said
in a subsequeut sentence that her " Majesty deeply " laments
that any portion of her subjects should be sneering severe
distress. But he denied that that was an admission, or even
a qualified admission, that the agsiculturel interest of the'
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was suffering
severe distress; but as an accepted observation that
appeared in reference to the cendition of these countries ; it
was merely an abstract prices; le, and it was followed by a sen-
tence which was pure philanthroeic mockery. He would beg
the house carefully to consider the character of the amend-
ment that bad been moved; he said carefully consider,
because he begged to remind the house that it was by this
amendment, sad by it alone, that the quieten wets about to
be raised, and not upon *ems imaginary reteraent set the
case, which it might be eouvenient to her 31ajeety's govern-
ment to adopt, end supposing that one of its members might
have prepared a speech net adapted to the amendment. (Loud
laughter.) The amendment the house was now called upon
to discuss counted of two parts. He would call particular
ettention to the first part. You are asked " humbly to re-
present to her Majesty, that in many parts of the United
Kingdom, and especially in Ireland, the various cßests other
Msjesty's subjects connected with the cultivation of the sail
are labouring under severe distress, mainly attributable, in
our opinion, to recent legislative enactments." Who denied
that proposition? (Hear, hear.) Not the mover of the ad-
dreu to her MajOBV. That hon. gentleman admitted the
fact, and accounted for it, and this amendment was merely
an echo of the speech of that hon. member, anti it would be
uereasonahle for any one to malaise:l that it wu not true.
The amendment did not call upon the house to declare that
there mast be as instant return to protection ; that the pro-
tective system must certainly be re-constructed in the coua-
try ; it called upon the house to take that subject into conside-
ration, and in that discussion they would not hesitate to come
forward freely, calmly and candidly, to express their opinions.
He did not think that on the amendment on the address it
was right to contest so grand a principle,. but remembering
what the state of the country was—believing that it was
universally recognised, that, whether right or wrong, the
distress of a great portion of her Majesty's subjects heel been
occasioned by recent legislative enactment, he thought that
nothing could be more legitimate than to come forward,
when such an address to the throne was proposed, and ex-
press with temperance, but with firmness and with preci-
sion, their belief in the existence of a great calamity, end
that that calamity had been occasioned by legis-
lative interference. Was then anything unreusuable
in it? What could be more natural than that in a house of
parliament which represented the commons of England—
whatever might be the truth or falsehood, whatever might
be the jollies or injustice of certain economical principles—
whedthey met together, and when it was stated that greet
bodies of the people were in a state of great depression and
embarrassment, that they should come forward and express
the fact dutifully and respectfully is the sovereign? And
what could be more natural than that they ahoulel record
their belief in the cause, not a wild extravagant belief,
for they bad been anticipated by the very organ of the
government? The right hen. gentleman the Chancellor of
the Exchequer had called their attention to the state
of the manufactures of the country. He acknowledged that
it was no didicultion their part to acknowledge the satisfac-
tion with which her Majesty's ministers counselled their
sovereign that the manufacturing interest of the country was
in a flourishing condition, for he never heard any one in the
house who came forward and counselled opinions, the adop-
tion of which would tend to depreciate any branch of any
great industry of the country. Every one must be honoured
with the representation which her Majesty's ministers had
thought ft on this occasion to bring forward for their con-
sideration, but he might be allowed to ask why the Chan-
ceder of the Exchequer in noticing the complaints which
had been made by the agricultural interest, of
the distress which they at this moment execrienoed, why
he was delighted with the prosperity of the manufecturing
Interest, and at the mate time had thought it his duty to
denounce the manner in which the agricultural body had
thought fit to bring forward their complaints? Why should
the right hon. gentleman, who was himaelf a member of a
liberal government, at a moment when he told us that all
other interests were in a state of prosperity, think fit to come
forward and my that another great branch, which he
acknowledged himself as suffering, had acted in a manner,
if not unconstitutional, unauthorised ? They had come
forward in a manner quite consistent, not only
with the spirit but the machinery of the con-
stitution, and expressed their sense of their sufferings
and applied to parliament and the throne for relief. Tho
right hon. gentleman said last night that there had been
very violent language used on this occasion. He should
not enter into the question which the right hon. gentleman
bad originated in this debate reopening the value of our ex-
ports. He was bound to say, as far as study and observation
could have assisted him, he saw no reason to relin-
quish those conclusions which, with great deference,
he had expressed in this house. He believed it
could be proved that the exchangeable value
of British industry had diminished within the late few
months. He had never heard any argument respecting the

contrast between fees itsporta and hostile tariffe.pie hid
come to the conchal= ,hat no efficient argument teem be
supplied. Again, the right hon. gentleman, the Chancellor
of the Exchequer, had noticed e. main calculations But his
(Mr. Disraeli) made last year to show that, althen4h
eye
amount of a:isn't, were increased, they were diminished 4,
value. He wee not going to enter into that part, esti he °sly
adverted to it because the right hon. gentleman had chosen
to revive It; but let him retain/ the r Ott has.
gentlemen that last year he told us he could not uuders.aud
his argument, because, if it meant any thing, it mean, to
prove that the menu:aeturcn of E,glanit intended tom MU:
laotere without a profit, and be had waited from " Be net
Commercial Glance." Let him remind him that in aeo•her
economical publication equallyj cidebrated—vie , the F4O.
noweisf, there had been a series of Amides 4,
boured in composition, the object of which
to prove that for the Lot four ye...re talli woo-
f ieturers of Manchester had ,been mettnio,turieg nt a leen
Nobody had Imagined that the preseure oa the
labour of the agricultural districts would lie test with
the speed experienced In seasons of like deprention is
the hives of manufacturing industry. But it WAS 4::
the result, although much dower I. arriving,
much more permonent in dura,ion, and that tley 4,4
establishing a system which would sender the red. ctioo
the employment of labour not only eonrilerable,
ig4r.
eminent. (Hear, hear.) But there was another ?eosin
wby pauperism did not immediately incr• use in the ear;
cultural eistricts. It was quite forgotten by Lou. god,.
opposite that we had in this country a social system
threw by force of law, the support of thou) ut.o
employed in productive 'shear, on a machinery whit;
sustained by the capitol of the ownere arid otta,,i•
of land. (Protectionist cheers.) Aln that t:.
him to the seconi part of the amendment e!,
be had suggested to the notice of the house. They. „:
that time humbly to aelle.o 'ledge that distress whit'.
government itself acknowledged, and 'n allege V.at •
of the distress which the organ of the goverentent
accepted. In that request there was co ground :,•7 • ..r.
contest ; and, in the second place, they ask, .1 the
assert that the &stress of agsiculturo was coos:T..,
by the burhen of local tuotion. Now, he
to know was there any one in that house who wouid
say that agricultural distress was nut aggravated by 1,4
burthens. Many would rise and say, as ho had •o y
rise t.od say, that the dietrres of the occupiers of :oil 'cis
not aggravated by local buttltens, but nobicly wo
that such burthens did not exist, or
did not press upon some branch of 1;1.
cultural interests. Ile thought, that on 8..:
and after the speech of the h.,nourable member for `.t. ,r-
-himpton, who h-ad been so ostentatiotody broucct
to move the address, it was just t:.at they should
clear conception of the nature of thaw horthen, •,
they bad hoard so much talk. The hon. m,..yher
the pcsaihility of the reducti cf !veal barther
. .

rear to the occupier of Nisi. He (:it. b.....•
wanted hon. gentlemen opposite to in et this
with some degree of candour. Night aft a: ..;ri:t ._s.
gentleman had risen on the other side, and ha,:. to:d
that than srzs no difference betweto lad and an; ct,.,-r
drairiptien of property, that laud ws co•hiox more, n:
fact, than a raw material. Meta, hear.) V. 1..,
tied betn cheered by the friends of go, .rtiratot, soil Ltd .
accepted by government, belch In fact a par: t .:., •
etanousical crec 1. Well, what he usitvd hue. geld., rnt •.:I
do was this. It land was only a raw material, why i:.,7
tax it 7 (Protectionist cheers.) Why di,: oat tc.. . c .0,
to that raw material th:r same economical printii,.s s.
had applied to all other raw matte's!
they said, oily a raw meanie!, why was them•
' corn to be stv•Aect to other economical prir.c.p:e,,
one, economical syston-., th in the roanaratturtr ‘.t c.•).•
(hear.) Now he asked the great economist,
the people of the Matchtster school, ta• tbs.,
I late and present guvcrum nts—(l laugb)—te :•••'„c. •
how could they vindicate Inch a system ot the , • ..•
on which the y had based their finakcial
creed ? (Hear, hear.) They (the prouvi.i..s •
asked the house to do things ; they ha.i
it, when the agrici4tural interset wrs in ,o_t
unprecedeoted state of depression, to come :•,• • :
and humbly to express, to the crown, synaraths lit:. 7 .!
distress, and also their opinion that toe Cella, •JE
tress is the same es was stated by the enc.:, f
meat. Was that unreasonable? Was that irs:i ~•

that an attempt to unsettle a great qutation .;..
were told had been settled long ago, out eh:, L u
were told every night remained unsettled ? T Icy
house to hear, and in the second place to
that distrt u was a,zgravated by the barthent whits .
on the agricultural industry of Great Briton sad I:
He wanted to know, now teat he had put the cy,•io..
before them, if any rational personcouldAppos::
two propositions. (Hear, hear.) He had no w.•
real what were his ulterior vttlig co

jeot of the great rival ;industriEs of _ t
try, which ought not to be cmu: •_t
lag to his ilea, but which bad been rekrri.l tn.
were not thEn before the house, but he wou:3 rst
the question. Hz thought that the cultivattr of TL:
had a right to two things. In the first place, t. be ; u:.:
same footing u his fellow subjects. (Hear.) HE ti t..'
had a right in thE second per. to be put iis his ee 111.
on the same footing es the foreigner. k i •
were rot just principles, ,f tl.ey were not Lund, :
Eternal sentiments of right, which in the long, rt..

govern a nation, or that nation must fall, t'!tie ..e
admit that he was greatly mistaken. He was kit
and his friends were advocating the interests ot c a 1.
he were to collect the sentiments of governmetp, •
much from the speeches they had heard that niaht, :.
the reyai speech, he would suppose that egrieuiture we .:
insignificant interest, that was so arrogant in its die . s
as to ask for sympathy, and so nor. asor.able in
suffering, as to suggest the possibility of a retc: -
They were told that it was only the owners and occupier.
land, but his re-,bie friend the member for Stunt:se:
Marquis of Granby) had shown that it was not a
merely of the owners and occupiers of lvid, whose
to-night they were in a great measure called to docile u;
(Cheer..) But he should take a much more narrow .
the quer.l.n before he asked the house for its v..:e.
admitting that it was only the owners and cceuplirs
who were aggrieved, and who now in their acknowioi. .
sufferings came forward to ask the sympathy and cim.i -
ration of the house, were they so small a class II
hear.) Were they in numbers and ittinenee
✓ificant that it became statesmen and parliament to
them by disregarded and unheeded ? (Chc-irs.)
were according to the hat accounts, 250,000 pr prietiits
the soil in Great Britain and Ireland. This 1141 the ca:
numerous separate class in the country as regarded property
for if they were exceed. d slightly in cumbers by de
proprietors of the funds, they must remember that mt: y
of these latter were foreigners. (Rear.) Then wire the
occupiers of land so contemptible in number., char: --et,
or ooeduet as to be unworthy of consideration? We tat.
according to the most moderate accounts, 700,000 farmer: is
Great Britain and Ireland. Taking the owners and ez•
copiers of land together, with their heath= th, v
amounted ter millions. (Conservative cheers.) They a:-
knowledged that these millions were in a state of great :lies
tree., in eon= quenee of the recent legislative enactmeno,,
and yet they (the House ct Commons) were thou. to cones,',
the Sov=tftn to treat their feelings with derision, a'el their
complaints with contemp:. (Cheers from the protecti--r
lots.) One would have supposed, from the tone 3f the
bate, that they (:he protectionists) had come forward VI: tie
first assembling ot the session of parliament to ask the
to repeal those laws which they had so recently puse..l—to
violate those principles of political economy they hod .r.-
shrineil—that they should come forward and deci, sr:
they had flagrantly erred, and that the on:y chore
national regeneration was to fall back on the position :t -•p
had quitted. (Hear, hear.) But was it so ? While rat et e
on tfiat (the opposition) side of the house shrunk from
vocating those principles on which they thought the
dustriat policy of this country should be cer-
blioticd, ho denied that that wee the ccce':
on which they should be called upon to r
t(ehon
,tteleart c.;on...ohvaetritage,
yenrowtoandkoedbwat,llse for
ttili:tt
apparent—that it being a matter of national ultoricy the:
a great body of the nation was at this time in a sure ot
great suffering—that it being a matter of parliticen•ary
acknowledgment even on the side of the goverement. 'hi:
that suffering had been occasioned by the recer.t chanslf
the law—(no, and cheers)—that the house should tote
forward—:hat they should thick it decent to come rt
and express to the sovereign their recognition of the CIO(' :!
that suffering, and their sympsty with thee illrfts,
(Hear, hear.) Let ministers not suppose they

,
estop. the settlement of the qneetionittey might
themselves on their accidental majerity—(loud
from the protectionists)—and in the array of these
full of hostile ambition, and united only in their hati:a. "
• suffering community. (Cheer', and cAeuter cheers ) -
they had the happiness of living in an age when an a.
to the truth was never unsuccessful, and when the c'. •
principles of justice must be the foundation of perliam: ' •
statutes. (Cheers.) lie called upon minister,, the:.
state, in the name of those gentlemen who sat on the
tion benches—the representatives, mainly, of Omer suct.::T
classes—to accept other alternative. They should e.,t 1.
out of that house and misrepresent their (the protecticr.'.•:.!

purpose. (Hear, hear.) Either recocetiuct
' system on those priciples favourable to British ind
which we advocate (said the hon. gentleman), or to catty
out the principles on which yc.o have established 'cur new
system in all their legitimate consequences—(.ml stars
from the fee-trade members and counter cheers iron
protevion'sts)—but do not, under this system, ii.o
land of England with the pharisaical pretence that tic
the advocates of a great political economical ectetne
not tolerate the taxing of a raw material, supposing
mono time tint the whole social system of Eueland earto: .o
to be founded on a principle which, morning, neon. era
night, in everylminute and in every duty of the lice ct ex
Englishman, taxes the greatest and most important Ts*
material of the country. `Loud cheering.) He &said thou.
not on behalf of himself and friends, to ri cur to &brags:CA .0.0.
—those laws were planned by one whole subsequent
entitled them to any posthumous respect—icheers froxi ;be
protectionist members); but he called oa them to do ;
that rapt to the ownere, the occupiers, the cultivaidrt
set ..!
the lan . They could not much longer postpone the
meet of this question. Enshrine themselves in their ;"1,
, tics! economical scheme, if they would—he accepted their
principles, but he called on them to carry them out to thee
legitimate consequences. (Hear, hear.) Let the Tin mete-
' dal—that most tropoitant raw material of the Olt 0:10. 111;
dustry—be as free as other raw materiale. Bear,
Admit in its fulness, as respected the land, the economies'
principle they had extended to ell other raw noitenals—
(eheers)—and do not permit, in the cultivation of tbdt raw.
material, artificial restrictions to prevail after it was deemed
of those artificial privileges which had hitherto operated ss
some compensation for their legislation. (Hear. he" 4
Or let them cam forward and say frankly to the (*of.' `,
England, " we cannot afford to do that justice to the low