The Express.
London, England, 1861-09-06 00:00:00

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LONDON, FRIDAY, SEPT. G.

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TO OUR READERS.

SPORTING INTELLIOENCE.

A !ate edition of the Krpreas ii published every
cumin during the racing season, containing the
results of the date's

I r the central .Jcs of the British Association

is eoneetly stated to be tho union of theory and

practice, then its members am this year singularly
happy iu seeing it embodied in their President and

reflected in their place of meeting. The great-
ness of Manchester is not to be ascribed to
any single cause. Its dynamic forces must
doubtless be sought first of all in moral qualities, in
the foresight and self-control, fortitude, concen-
tration, and a courageous, resolute spirit of enter-
prise. These characteristics of her leading men
have made Manchester what she is. But if we
inquire how they built up the fabric of her
magnificence, we are led to consider first of all
the unexampled combination of science and skill
which is embodied in her manufacturing system.
When Alixe SMITH wrote "The Wealth of
Nations", he found the leading principle of
the manufactures of his day to be the
division of labour. On the possibility of
splitting up all employments into an indefinite
number of minute processes, depended
the progres4 of manufacturing improvement.
In order that production might advance beyond
the limited capacities of a few cunning workmen,
large numbers of hands and eyes were to be
trained to the rapid multiplication of the separate
parts of the article to be produced, and so indus-
trial occupation was degraded, while the more
empiricism, in which some mistaken writers have
placed the happiness of he workman, was retained.
The introduction of automatic machinery revolu-
tionized the ecJuorny of manufactures. Vacess-
mires brass and leather duck, which
only needs) to be wound up to dabble
in . the wain, quack, preen its feathers, and
gobble and digest food, was the last toy on which
that great mechanician wasted his powers. But
when, as inspector of silk factories, ho began to in-
vent mills and machines to increase the wealth of
society, be was pelted for his pains. Had Ass-
mourn, the chief author of the factory system in
Ragland, succumbed to similar difficulties, the
external power, the internal constitution, both
social an f political, of England must have
become by this time entirely and essen-
tially different from that which we see at
present. Ever since the time when he laid
the foundation of the factory system, the
principal manufacture of this country has tended
to become less dependent on the human hand and
more dependent on the human brain. And with-
out paradox, and simply in consequence of the
growth of the manufacture, the number of work-
people it directly and indirectly supports has never
aimed to increase.

The North has always had a high reputation for
its " practical men." But we must not be &-
Mind by a !Aran): allpee..!!!7 ;fflpatint
'as young should well understand that the mar-
vellous promise of the community in that part of
England has not been effected without theoretical
study. Its suns have a peculiar way of marrying
science acid art. Mr. FAIIIIAISK, 1111010 address
all England has just read, and who has won
honourable distinctions from the chief sovereigns
of Europe, has informed those who wish to
follow in his steps how ho prepared himself
to beco.ne the first machine-maker in Man-
chester, and afterwards the factory architect,
the iron ship builder, and the discoverer of un-
suspected constructive capacities in iron-plate
girders. In his " Useful Information for Ea-
" gineers." speaking of the period of his life lying
. between the sixteenth and the twenty-fourth years
of his age, he says:—" I need to teach myself, and
" that without the aid of either tutor or mechanic's
" institute, by a course of reading and practical
" mathematics, which I pursued with unrelated
" activity after the labours of the day were over,
" and which not unfrequently encroached upon
" the hours of sleep." And Manchester is full
of men who, starting from an energetic resolve to
be useful to society, have soon felt the necessity
of cultivating those theoretic sciences, which, when
taught se part of an ordinary education, before
the need of them has made itself felt, often fall
on languid senses. On the other hand, in our
great manufactories may be found busily oc-
cupied men who have carried thither from ball or
college the insight, and the power of combination,
acquired by formal study. If, therefore, one place
is more than another entitled to honour from the
British Association, a Society which brings together
for a common purpose the learned professors of
our universities, and the workers in practical
science, it is Manchester.
It is not necessary to forget that there are
higher objects to be lived for than the increase of

put ward and material benefit,, in mbar to symper
thief strongiy with Mr. Fstaitalim'a exulting com-
menioration of the conquests of science. What
a survey is combined in his address! What ele-
ments are brought together there, not simply to
excite our wonder but our gratitude. When we
have contemplated the experimental philosopher,
perfecting the methods of inquiry, as &maim
sad Knuaro►r are doing in giving us a new
and powerful instrument of chemical analysis, Or
revealing the operation of fixed law in phenomena
long observed but never understood, as General
SABINE is doing for the field of magnetic
observation, and as DALTON did for chemical
science, we have the satisfaction of knowing
that the results of their widest observations,
their meet patient induction, their keenest
intuition, will become, in full accordance with the
economy of our applications of science, serviceable
to every order of the community. Some WHlLAT-
irromic is always waitiii,z to apply the discoveries
of every &Worm. What anxieties are daily miti-

gated, what vain and diatremful journeys prevented,
what suspense cut short every day, by the Electric
Telegraph even iu social and domestic life, and
wholly apart from its commercial use ! To how
many is it of much consequence to know in the
morning whether the day will be fine or rainy—
information which, by means of the same inven-
tion, we have for 'some time published morning by
morning, upon data free from a tinge of specula-
tion. There is nothing more truly popular in its
ministry than science.

W e are not disposed to join in the criticisms
upon this Address which have been offered in
sonic quarters because of the omission of certain
refiections which it is supposed should have found
a place there. If it is thought necessary, we do
not object to be reminded that Mr. FAIRSAIRWB
Address is not a discussion of all the relations
of scicnco to Ilan ; that, indeed, some of
the noblest of those relations are passed
' over almost without allusion. Be it then so un-
derstood. But everything in its season. Let our
divines raise us to the infinite, and bid us remem-
ber that man does not live by bread alone ; let
our poets awaken noble passion, and our politicians
propose to us noble ends. We will hearken, be-
lieve, obey. Just now, however, we have been
ditiCrently occupied. We have been enjoying the
rare opportunity of listening to a man who is a
prince in his own art, and it is of his art that we
prefer to hear him speak.

ne Court.

BALYORM, SErretowit 4.

•
The Queen, accompanied by Prince's Helena
and Prince Alfred, and attended by Lady Churchill, went
out driving yesterday Merman'.
The lkinta3Consort went out deer.atalking.
Prince Alfred went out grouse shooting, in the morning.
Mere wax no addition to the royal dinner forty.

Despatches were sent yeeterday from the rolooial-office
to the Covernor4 of the Cape of Good Hope, Natal, 8.
Helena, and Canada.