The Express.
London, England, 1850-05-15 00:00:00

ADIOURI!MEN; OF THE HOUSE

Lord J. RUSSELL lumped that the house at lurking
attaito Tamviday, upon which
. aFREWEN made some remarks from under the gal-
lery, wakh were inaniible, but were supposed to have refer-
NM to a notice be bad put on the paper to the effect that
the bore should 'soot at twelve o'clock on Thorslay to
&met the orders of the day fixed for Wednesday.
J. RUSSELL dii not assent to the obsenrabons of
the how. member, sod his motion for adjournment was
agreed to.
_ RECONSIDERATION OF THE CORN LAW.

Petitions petite. for proration es agriculture and • re-
eraideration of the era question, were presented by Mr.
PACER. from Hinckley in Leicestershire ; Mr. J.
BAILEY (several pritions), from place. in Herefordshire ;
and Mr. HILDTARD, from Nottingham.
Mr. ORAN TLEY BERKELEY then rose to bring forward
the leftism of which he had given notice, namely that the
boner resolve itself into • committee of the whole hoses,
so take into mensideration the acts relating to the imports.
ties of foreign era. Alluding to the repeated complaints of
agricultural distress which had from time to time appeared,
raise with the recent meetines in the metropolis. and the
Memorial presented on Saturday last to Lord J. Russell,
the ken. member dechred that all those complaints were met
by the government with opposition and often witheoutempe
Did be sot know that the noble lord wee Incapable of es-
rataleing nawerthy feelings, he would say that the noble
lord open that occasion spoke in • tom of angry bitterness
towards the. gentlemen who had foregone kis-advt.. There
never was a dam when the distress complained of was more
mewing and adverse), sad yet government had refused any
further interference. la fact it would seem that, as regarded
those 'offering interests, Weis/sties we at • complete stag-
nation, and matters were to be allowed to ramie as they
warein the hope %betray would mend themselves. Lehmann
were working at Matra wages, sad the price of wheat ens
se low that foram could not mow it at • sufficient profit,
end were masequently demanding a reduction of rent,. The
average pries of wheat was about 101.1 load There was SO
probability that the importation of (steins corn would dial-
sish lemmata, nor that the price at home would increase so
as to remunerate the ;grosser. Under these circumstances
the agriculturists looked to the government foe tie allevia-
tion of their sufferings, but the government with all ti e&
profession, cf retrenchment and cc 'Dray did nothiari,
unless it were that they gave the suffering sin-
calturiels bricks when they 'eked for bread—a measure
of very questionable advaatege. If it benefited SST of the
agricultural body, it was the lauded proprietor and not the
tenant-homer. Bat he believed that it was a far greater
boon to the large manufacturing tows, than to either. The
israleeds had bra told that ale they had to do was to lower
their ram He maistaieed that no government or hen.
member bed any right to cell upon prints indisi fuels to
meet the difficulty which public legislation had created.
Even supposing that rents had been reduced, altbosgh it
might have contrihuted to diminish the evil, yet
it was a remedy which would have ruined the
leaded proprietors, and the result of which would
soon be felt by the manufacturing classes. If this treatment
of the egnoulturel dames was an espetiment he maintained
that it had beta sufficiently tried. It they were not satis-
fied with the ruin cruel already by their hybrid meant.—
for it was not • measure of free trade—when, he wished to
know, would they be mutant ? because there was not a
single spark is the political herime which gave one hops
that the merare would ever antes at a successful issue. The
tenant-farmers were unable to pay their rants, farm sales
were takinv place every day, sod in this state of things they
were toll to be of good cheer, that the present low
price of prori-ions would not last. Why, this low pries
wae the very thiag desired by the free traders, Stever,' bees
they demanded. (Hear, hear.) Awl now, when drives
Into a diffitulty, they exclaimed. " Oh, you'll be better et
soon ; prices will be hitter!" He did not ask the
house for protection; he only asked them to remind-
der their post erroneous policy, with • view to
devise BOMJ remedy for the present agricultural stiffener,.
If a cheap loaf were not the object of free trade he trusted
that some member of the government would tell him what
was. Ile thought he was cornet In his remembruice that
one member of the gonesesest said he did not expect that
pric e would be so low. Then, he said, on that ground they
were entitled to have further consideration. If they found
that they had gone further into the min than they
expected, It was wise, and just, sad expedient to
retrace their steps. Now, sampriog that the present prices
were to continue, and he maintained they mull, and sue-
peeler( that when lumen Lead the cultivaticu of
the soil no longer nmusentive, they ceased to cul-
tivate it; and suppmine that the supplies from abroad
were to be stopped, what then became of Moaned ?
Were we not made in some measure dependent on torsion-
Ms, and VAN it not an unworthy policy to pier,

the earsordy its such
time, by ea mearticat
sad day were aid by
thet esilisatiee •a
the @Milks at had en
aeknowledged, in fact,
of arida es which
0.. list
his bass
pili • printed
turd aw ea which
hand dot there WON
thirtaize re el sin.
still • ditty. lir they
per a Ms, • tax en the Is.
they meilimia • tea es the feed the es la
Mile Wham ? Why di Modthey re macs fres
made. end lite elf 'wiles c slatlmr ? Why
did they net adopt • system by whit the farmers
of this retry mad eampete with the foreigner ?
Hs held is his lead • return dated the 23,4 April, 1860,
ef the average pissed wheat, barley, and oats per quartet
in Rashad flail Wales, from the let of January to the
10th `pill lashasile. They said them that the pressat
=WI" 1.4 t• leis that the prises of corn were M
. Now, so hr as this return welt the pieta sea.
Untied te &dile sad the impertatlous to imams.. Cele-
parting the week wad* the 6th January with the week
wasp the 24th of April, iseporillien of wheat was chest
doable, wheaten flour leek bat barley more thou doableuead
sate more Mae double. Frees Russia there were humeral,'"
173,282 quarters of wheat, and from the United Settee
13,944 Torten and 248,324 ewt. of fl mt. There WSW
have been a The of rid. to ls., bat that was owing to the snot
winds which had lately been so prevalent. Priors might get
up a little in that way, but he was much mistaken If, Stiff
the lest harvest, pr.ces did not fall to a much lower amoral
than they had reached at present. They would dad
that in America and other insists countries a rtreagar
breadth of wheat had been sown, and that year by year the':
utmost and aabardaned forsiguar could sand to this
errantry sash a quantity of cats se Naively te 11111deMbe
W home farmer in his own musket. He maintained, ham
every single symptom of the times, that prises would OM
done to be kept down, and that agricultural deputies
slut continue to exist. They knew very well that
was possible in America to buy land at one -tenth of the
value of Lad in this country, and they was not poise
abolish 'livery in America, the question now agitating thin
meow, being not whether slavery should exist, but where k
should exist. The fres traders set out by promising us a lead
r it were of =Pk and honey, that happiest.
would be diluted all our the land. Rai -their
prophecies been fulfilled 1 Hs said that Ns MO
stools prophecy that they had advanced hat been ful-
filled, but that they had been utterly and thoroughly
wrong in their promises from beginning to end. Look to
the promises made, particularly to the fanners of this
country, by the hon. member (or the West Riding. He said
that happy abundance was to follow in the waka of free
trade, and that there would be an increase of wits. ? New,
had the labourers Lad an increase of wages? Oa the row
tray, had they not, in =soy counties, been reduced to is. a
week? (deer, hear.) Had they not less money te bay the
cheap loaf with than they had to parches the dear MI ?
(" Hear, hear," from the protectionist beaches.) Than
there was to be such a spirit of activity pervade the land,
that foreign imports were to be kept oat, and this was all to
be traced to advance ice. science and puseveraccs in laying
out capital. Why, was it fair to expect, was it probable,
that persons in any particular trade would put ea
increased activity it they took away from them
the value of their products. When the faname
found out the Intentions of the Matehestar ardical—
when they found it was to be a class legislation they
to find that they had not trusted in the right man.
complain and to run restive at the doctrines
of they
besito
Manchester school, he was sorry to say that the hon.
member for the West Riding likened them to the stupidity
of their own oxen, and that the hoe. member for Manches-
ter called them cowards. He could make great allowance for
a hasty expression uttered is • time of anger and excitement,
and he should not have alluded to them expressions, but fa
the rather furioso speeches of the bon. member for the West
Riding who absolutely seemed to say—

I%lu:weer @big this cloak dlsilace,
Mutt meet Ktug Richard bct to face.
The hon. member then read a document, which he aid had
been furnished to him by Mr. Locke. It wua statement cf the
loss which had been sustained by tree trade in the county of
Suffilk, and which he thought would well portray the
state of the apricuitual districts of this country gette!ury._

To afford ai eaamp'e of the =neer in which the Glided interest
of one of oar most agricultaral e =ties has beset aided by the ope-
ration of the free-trade ossoure of 1046, I hare bet In velar to the
fallowing sheet statement. The county under oomalsealins is fluffidk,
and it is to the farmers' capital in that want, AM I dial tall atten.
two. The eatintated quantity c 4 Mod In Suffolk ormoomMo to 910,00
acres, comp icing about
40,000 saes of rich loam Mad, at salami W. pm murk
wYtimain. £369,000
10,000 „ marsh, at 101. 00.1,000
100,000 ~ poor sandy mil, at 3/. 7, 3.10,000
150000 „ good mixed soil, at 91. „ 1,350,000
430,000 „ wet. heavy Lad, at 61. 3,690,000
02,000 „ waste. wood, and reads

Making a totalf
From the tsformation I have derived derived to refereed* to tin 56,418,000
meaty, three teazel bare been a loss of Mee than
om•third Sam free trade came into operation. The
meant capital, thereere, of the farmers of 'Suffolk is
reduced by

Leering a bet of cedy gi,278,G47
To en a alight insight tato the working of the soil now, and the
anneal tore sostained through the instrumentality of the act of 1816,
I may mention that a diminution, or rather actor' annual lose in tic
cultivation of the land, has taken place to the following amount*
in tkelialferent description, of sod :

nhillisys. Acres. Loss.
IS per sere on 46,000 at rich Icon land
20 „ 80,000 mania BO.OOO
3 „ 100,010 poor sandy roil '23,040
15 ~ 130,000 Rood mLied
30 „ 44,003 heavy land 073,000

Annual lose la the cultivation of the soil 1922,000
It mar have been observed before that the loss of
capital esnisanted to

Giving a total of
The above statement embraces the whole county generally. We
now treat the same in a keel point of view. In one village
alone I tan slaw a km to the brow in as are of seven hundred
and sixty4x alms of no lees then IW. fa. Oa analysis it appears
that then are MS acres of arable earn land, l 2 acres of pasture, Si
ecru of *Milks, 8 acres dumb% 6 ammo/ albument, and 70 acres
ce waste—masking the 766 acme aliuded to. Now, it is well known
that in Wilk formes pursue their operations in this way—they give
asofbarth to wheat. one-liurth to barley, one-fourth to fallow, and
the remaining mane-fourth to clover and beana. On the average the
take dirtiest is 30 bushels per acre of four roods, subject to the deduc-
tion of two bushea for seed and two for tail, leaving of best wheat for
market 26 bushels. With regard to barley, 40 biokela may be consi-
dered the average product for the same extent of land, deducting two
aid a half for seed and one and a half for tail, snaking 36 bushels
dear tor the market. On those two commodities alone do the farmers
of this plass depend for suteistenee, as the clover and beans are, to a
M.szlalaree=edee by
the
working
titOrns", per be.,
acre attached
it'aken their;
sod Ile. pm acre for after grass la about the nua the farmers naive.

MU.. whin MI
the

his f..t as

FliSaßer.) if the itoble lint et the heed el t 6. ea
maim. weal& serif to roesidee the owe d the egri-
milord moieties, r reemeider k. prune pokey, tad to
beam by that gesitidere, white he had wettest amply
weed by ler a kes wied, a kir share et meammas ear m.•
httere—der they Niel so more Sea their Irk
seemed ad, Beelmitim ibi
aU dames If the usgritie
woad may de this. mad held eat to them seem Imp re the
team am might be weal to Heaves with a down sew-
mime sad &Pa kende tor the bkwileg_ of that Preetiesee
which bad ee km. watched over them stare over whisk the
aside lad preehliA. (Heir Wm)
_

The sarotioa havingbeem mnsimied emi pat from the chair,
Mr. A. HASTII NM he had met beard any good rea-
son addaeed by the hem. sews why the helms should re-
',Ave itesif late anamielee as prepsesd. Oa the eontrary,
he had simply bend this which hail been gates the round
of almost .11 the newspapers In the reastry—broad asser-
tions, wittiest may wrest data on which to found these.
He quite agreed in the slateansat that corn was Row, and
for the lest sin swathe had been, at a very low price,
bat that pries was not lower than had prevailed for
much longer periods under the old protection laws.
(Hoar, hear.) Therefore, until the price of corn had been
for a considerable time longer at a lower pries than
ever it was under protection, there wee no ground what-
ever for going into say inquiry on the subject. Whenever
It happened that for three conseestive years the prices of
corn had been lower than under the old law, and that
parties complained of that low price, and showed they had
been ruined by it, he should be perfectly willing to go
into a committee of icqedry. (Laughter from the protec-
tionists.) Looking at the prime of urn which had ruled
for the last half century, both at home and in those
countries whence the largest importation wee naturally
looked for, including the countries on the shores of the
Baltic and America, he wee quite satisfied, upon so average
of years, that it woe impossible for those countries to
compete with the English farmer by sending wheat has
at a lower pries than 465. per quarter. He spoke advieedly,
and, after examining into the quantities se well as the paces
of the corn produced by those countries. The ho-
nourable member said the burdens on farmers bad in-
creased in a much greater proportion than thou on other
classes; he also add that they had to compete with untaxed
growers of can. From this he entirely dissented. It so
happened, at the present moment, that the largest supplies
in competition with the Hagfish growers were from France;
and France was a country taxel as heavily as Hogland ; the
there rose to above 66 millions sterling. The large
importations from France had arisen from this cause : last
year, the crop was abundant both to France and England,—
in the former beyond all previous history; owing to the
prevailing uncertainty of things in France, and the conse-
quent distress, every farmer had h.ien anxious to
relieve his fans-red, and turn his produce into
mosey, so that in the event of another revolu-
tion, he might be able to keep his dollars in his
pocket, end tunes the low price of agricultural produce
which were totally unprecedented of late years, and he be-
lieved almost unknown in the history of France. But these
were all temporary sooners. The manufacturers had to
contend against similar influences, but they suffered quietly,
persevered, and in two or three years recovered from their
peef; of the 21rmeter;'simprOsluction As Ntrahe fporolitedupoonalyit *wails:lld
bear but a small proportion to the rent, towards which all
the agr:culturel products contributed their due proportion.
He we. informed that upon all well and duly cultiva'ed
farms, this was the general proportion which corn bore to
the other agricultural produce, though there were doub.less
exceptions to this rale ,• therefore when a law wet pmeed which
affected the value of only one-fifth of the produce, it was
most unjust to ascribe the distress of farmers to
the operation of free trade. (Hear, hear.) He was
convinced that at the present time the people were bete( r
employed, better fed, and better clad than ever they were.
(Hear, hear.) Poor rates and charges upon the land ot all
descriptions were len than they had been at any former pa-
nod ; end how a reduction in the price ot one filth of the
produce should work such extensive rain he could not un-
derstand. Sines the beginning of the present century rent
bad risen from 26 millions, in 1601, to 46 millions in 1848 ;
the poor rater, which, in 1803 were four millions, upon a
rental of 20 millions, were six millions with a rental of 46
millions ; and it was quite certain that the poor were better
treated now than at the former period. The county con had
been much relieved by paymetre being thrown on the con-
solidated fund; and he did not think that the increase, Com-
paring the present period with what were called years ot
prosperity, was at all proportionate to the increase of rental
and population. On these grounds he felt called en to op-
pose the motion.
Colonel SIBTHORP said the argument of the boa. mem-
ber amounted to thee, " Wait till you are ruined, and then
complain." (Hear.) As to the people being better clothed
and fed, he flatly denied it. He would support the motion,
because he should be glad to accept ot any relief for the
agricultural interest from the present House of Commons.
Had the hon. mover recommended a di,solution of parlia-
ment, he should have approved of it : for he thought them
a precious set altogether. (Laughter.) lie had been one
of the agricultural deputation who waited on the noble lord;
he had told them before going of the courtesy with which
they would be received, and that the noble lord would bow
them in and bow them out. (Laughter.) The mate the
country saw of what was called free trade, the more would
they be convinced of the propriety of the warning given by
him before it was posed. This motion would at least show
who were the real friends of the farmer, and who were but
"sheep in wolves' clothing." (Laughter.) He meant
" wolves in sheep's clothing."

Mr. PLUMPTRE regretted government did not hold out
any hope to the agriculturists. It night be very well for those
who possessed the comforts of life to tell the agricultural body
that they were not enough pinched, and pressed, and tried
—that they could bear • great deal more yet ; but such
persons knew very little of the existing and growing amount
of distress existing amongst large masses of the people.
(Hear, hear.) They were told that agriculture would
flourish if skill and energy were employed in the cultivation
of the land ,• but whilst the present state of things existed,and
they were left in so much uncertainty as to the future, it
was adding mockery and insult to injury to use language of
that kind. (He hear.) He should be the last person to
encourage a disloyal or impatient spirit amongst any clue,
but he could not feel surprised that strong expressions were
used by those who were suffering from the pressure of die-
tress. (Hear, hear.) Surely the time was now come for
government to consider whether some remedy in the
shape of protection ought not to be afforded to the
suffering population of this country. But the motto
of her Majesty's government seemed to be, " Perish
agriculture—flourish Manchester." (Protectionist cheers.)
Mr. SLANGY said that he differed from the bulk of the
members on either side of the house with regard to this
question. He was of opinion that • moderate fixed duty
ought to have been imposed on corn, not as a protection to
agriculture, but as an equivalent for the exclusive hardens
which he believed were borne by the land. He knew that
some of his hoa, friends near him denied that the land was
subject to any exclusive burdens. If that were proved to he
so, then he would not advocate any duty ; but if the contrary
were shown, then he would, in justice to the agricultural
body, maintain the imposition of a fixed duty equal to the
burdens exclusively borne by land. Bat the case was some-
what different now thst the contest between the two parties
had been decided, and that the duty on corn had been alto-
gether removed. He considered that the system which they
had entered upon should be tried, at least, for some time
longer. He believed that the increase in the importation of
foreign grain was owing to the unparalleled production of
last season on the continent which was not likely to recur
for some time again, and that the agriculturists of this mum
try, by the exercise of that skill and energy in which
Englishman were not deficient, might retrieve their posi-
tion and prosperity. (Hear, hear.) But if the next
session of parliament the condition of the agricultural interest
was not improved, he should tote for a duty on corn equiva-
lent to the exclusive burdens borne by the land. In the pre-
sent instance he would oppose the motion. (Hear )
The Marquis of ORANBY said he was not surprised at
the present motion, though it came from an acknow-
ledged free trader, and from the opposite side of the
house, because he always expected that hon. gentlemen
when fully convinced that toe tree trade system was not
adapted to this country would honourably avow their error.
He was not surprised at It because there was a reaction of
feeling against the system amongst persons of all classes
and professions in the country. (Hear, hear.) The
tenantry of the country had unmistakably expressed their
opinions in one of the largest meetings ever held in it, and
one. and all declared that it was impossible to cultivate the
land under the present prices for agricultural produce. But if
the cue of the farmers of England was bad that of
the same glue in the sister island was still woos—(hear)—
and it would have been mash better if the noble lord at the
head of the government, instead of lowering the franchise to
the level of the distressed condition of the people, had en-
deavoured to raise the people to the level of the lranchise.
(Hear, hear.) Bat the evil was not confined to the tenant
farmers. The agricultural labourers came in for their
share, and a petition had not long tine* been presented to
that house from the parish of Foebrook, in which it was
stated that there was a fall of 41. 6d. in their weekly wages.
The same thing had been stated in the Morning Chronicle
of that day with regard to the distressed needlewomen.
The only way of providing a remedy for this state of things
was by finding employment for them. The noble lord admitted
the fact of distress, but he led them to hope that at some
distant and imaginary period prices would me ; so that the
defence of free trade now set up by the government was
that at some future day it would be inoperative. (Hear,
hear.) He rested his reliance for the reversal of their
pre.ent policy not on the decision of that house, but on the
force of public opinion out of doors. (Hear, hear.) He re-
garded the admissions of the great agricultural distress which
existed made by the noble lord at the head of the govern
ment, made by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and by a
noble lord in another place, IS • ripple that wascaused by the
' alteration of the wind in the political atmosphere, and he
looked upon the present motion as the first protecion wave
breaking from the opposite rids. But he ; laced his main
' reliance not on tbo proposition of that night, which he would
support, nor on any other proposition thst might be brought
forward in that house, but on public opinion cut of
doors acting on the different members which composed it.
: (Hear, hear.)

Mt Oil it was set t& fateration to take up the
tint:B% s addressees malty observations on the
ve it was Impassible far him to avoid
taking Bade of eal/iteg the atteatioasof the house
,te die iuis 'boy INNS pilled In rshesses to the
very meioses Wiese esstidmrtin (Hear, hear.) If
it wars possible to eggs, that a pees's, a* a member wt
that hosts meld mew these meting sad ask what the
gabfest antler disseisisa was, and he told it was the gra&
and inspostant fissetbs of the sees laws, shoot whisk se
mach had beset heard asd laid secede that hoses, he (ale
B. Hall) thought that isidivideml would be very mach astreo
Melted at the cattle iseeeeet manifested within these
was ea the subjesti ad polskir, if that same 'hanger
wham la was tier" Y'r preeent—should he asked
es width side the members sat, he might,
drawing his own oessinsioss, reply that they sat on the right
of the chair and net sa the left. (" Hear, hear," and
laughter.) The majority in the hems theeemaing sat on
the sight of the chair ; and therefore it might be supposed
that tMas who took an bluest in the muster hell come
down in large numbers to support the a/ghettoes' interest,
then more or Ism involved in the motion before them, and
which emanated from that side of the house also. (Hear,
hoar.) But Ist them go farther. He (Sir B. Hall) Ind sat
there during the whole of the debate, sad observed that
daring the addresses of this three last spinals's—
partkululy that of the noble marquis who »pre-
sented to a great extent the agricultural interest in the
midlead counties—the largest number at the apposition
side of the house amounted to 27, and flactuated between
that and 17. (Hear, ham.) Therefore was it not a per-
fect farce for these 11:3.. gentlemen daring the recess to go
amongst their c ,astituents, stimulating them to opposition,
and styling themselves " the farmer.' friends," yet, when
the question came to be decided within the walls of parlia-
ment, out of • body of between 200 and 300 prottc•imest
munben who affected to advocate the interests of their do
laded followers—(hear, bear)—not more than from 17 to 27
boo. gentlemen were found is their places. (Hear,
hut.) If the members of the Manchester sebool
had adopted that course out of the house, and
had not the moral coursgo to bring forward their pre-
positions and take the 'emu of parliameat on them ; they
(the protectionist membes) would have lavished their cen-
sure on them, and dens:tied of them why they went abroad
stimulating the minds of the public, making them dissatis
fled, and yet, though affecting to be the friends of the people,
fearing to brute the question at issue before the sense of
jarliament. (Hear, hear.) The noble marquis who had
ust addressed the house expressed his gratification at the
tact that the first political wave broke from the ministerial
side of the house. Well, the farmers out of door, had lots
been looking for the bursting of a wave from the opposite side
but could never succeed in seeing men a ripple, ro that
they should hold themselves indebted Wan hon. member on
the ministerial side for affording an opp:rtunity to bring
forward the question. (Hear, hear.) He would not then
eater into the question beyond saline that they would Dave
an opportunity of testing the votes of bon. gentlemen oppo-
site: and he hoped when these gentlemen would tell thtir
constituents in future that they were prepared to brine for-
ward this great and important question they would do so
in reality, and not leave to an hon. member on the minis-
terial beaches the performance of so important a duty.
(Hear, hear.;
Mr. MILES mid the boa. baronet who had just set down
assumed much to himself, and pleased to draw a comparison
between hon. members who advocated protection and those
who supported a repeal of the legisheiee union. Now, he
wished to know why the hon. baronet had n.tver attack; d
the repeal question until after the originator of that goes-
. don had been removed from the !louse of Comasons ?
(" Hear, hear," from the opp jition benches.) No, the hon.
baronet pre.erred waiting until the originator of that ques-
tion had succumbed to disease and ceased to ho a mem, r of
that house; and then it was that he stepped in and der.ded
hon. members for Ireland for not having brought forward
the question. (Hear, hear.) The question of the cern laws
was &egged in 1846, since when a new parisment had been
retorted in favour, he would admit, of tree trade principles.
(" Hear, hear," from the ministsrial benches.) There was
no doubt that the decision of the country was in favour
of free trade—(hear, hear)—hut they should wait for a re-
action, and it was quickly coming. (" Oh, ob," and " hear,
heat.") Let them look at the north of Scotland, and they
would fled the hthlands were the most suffering of all
suffering countries. The time was not distant when the
watchword would be, " Bide your time, and trait in us"
—(laughter)—and ho doubted net that in the next parlia-
ment they would own. forward with an amended conetitimery
as well as a large majority is that house to readjust the
disorganised end disrupted interests of the country. (Hear.)
Mr. MITCHELL soil the best proof that could be given
of the well working of lha corn-law repeal was tte bens fit
that the operative classes experienced by the change. (Hear,
hear.) Toe consumption of bread stuffs had increased on, -
third ; and it wages fell in proportion to the petite of food,
who consumed the increase ? (Hear, hear.) Tuat he took
to be the state of the tees. By the repeal of the corn !ewe
they had caabled the working people to consume one•
third more bread than heretofore, and so tar tie working
clames were permanently henented. (Hear, hear ) lie
proceeded to argue that 41s. under present cirtutustinces
was a natural and remunerative price fur wheat; and alluded
to some recent statements of the import rates of Pomeranian
corn, pu'elalted by Mr. Senders, for the purpose of explain-
ing that the wheat it, question was Silesian pr .lure of infe-
rior quality, which could not commend the price et British-
grown wheat of first qualities.
Mr. SANDAItS vindicated the quality of hi: imported
wheat, which he said that Mr. Mitchell had attacked in
ignorance. He bad a number of statistical returns to sub-
stantiate his assertions respecting the rates at which corn
could be imported, ant the imoossihilite of the English
farmer competing with the foreigner. With respect to the
motion, he confessed that he was iasome diflicul.y, not think-
ing it wise to bring it forward at that moment, or that tree
trade had not ye: t.ad a Lir trial. The elle:of free trade in
corn, however, he endeavoured to show, would mike us de-
pendent in a deficient harvest np•n European countries,
Bich was a subject of serious c onsideration.
Mr. WILSON, some of whose previous statements had
been controverted by Mr. Sanders, replied in vindication of
his statistical accuracy. Contenlag that whatever distress
now existed was exceptional, and that the low range of ps ices
could not be permanent, he adduced the marked quotations
of various parts of the world, to show that wheat had ad-
vanced in the chief parts of southern Europe from Is. to
2s. 6d. per quarter during the past fortnight, and that corn
had sold in Berkshire within the last few da;s at 4 s. per
quarter. Allowing that distress was weigeing upon the
middle classes, without any special distinction of the agricul-
turists, he denied that the lower classes were suffering more
than usual, and proved his position by the fact that, since
1818, when wheat was 100.. the quarter, the number of in-
door paupers receiving relief in England had decreased from
824,000 to 748,000. Much of the distress among the middle
classes he attributed to the railways. Speculation had ruined
many; the numbers employed upon the works h:d declined
from 200,000 to 45,000; and 51 millions of money had been
expended during the last two years, which was returning at
this m smelt but a very slight per tentage of profit. Mr.
Wilson then entered into calculations to refute the doctrine
promulgated by Mr. O. B. rkeLy, that the British farmers
would be " undermined " by American competition; assert-
ing that cora sold higher in Liverpool than New Orleans,
at the very time ho was speaking, and that the last cargoes
brought from the west had been imported at a considerable
toes. The averages of two years past showed that the home
producers had no reason to despair.
Mr. HERRIES considered the admission made by gen-
tlemen favourable to free trade most valuable and most
instructive. One (Mr. A. Hastie) admitted that, should the
ptices under the new experiment range lower during three
consecutive years than under the old protective system, the
experiment would have failed. Another (Mr. Slane') ad-
mitted that a filed duty, sufficient to place the British
farmer on an equality with the foreigner, would be
a fair arrangement, and that he did not expect the present
experiment would be productive of beneficial results to
the country. Several others admitted that prices were
too low, and expressed their expectation and wish that they
would rite again—thus mettle sting the grasses, incon-
sisteney ; for, according to their economic principles, the
lower the price of food the better for the country at I irge.
The proposition before the house was to go into committee,
to consider the propriety of imposing a duty on the importa-
tion of corn—most probably a fixed duty—and to that ono
tion he was prepared to consent. Such a measure would
have the effect of fixing the price of wheat at about 435. the
quarter, and to that proposal he did not think the house
ought to give a refusal. That price would barely remunerate,
the British farmer, without doing injury to auy other class.
The right hon. gentleman demonstrated the necessity of pro-
tective duties, and iseteneed the polity of Prussia and other
nations in preserving their manufactures and pro Puce from
unrestricted foreign competition; and he warned the house
against giving full sway to these cosmopolitan dogmas which
were preached by men belonging to certain closers, who were
forgetful that we has all a common country, the honour, the
dignity, and the power of which It was our duty to maintain.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said he
confessed he was exceedingly glad that his hon. and gallant
friend had brought forward ;his question, became he believed
with the hen. gentleman below him that it was far better
that the leaders of a party should state their views in parlia-
ment rather than that they should go forth as manifestoes in
newspapers, for in parliament their assertion could be an.
swercd and tested by facts, and he was sure that the
public would arrive at a more just appreciation of
the truth from discussions is parliament than from mere
printed manifestoes. It was true that they bad latterly
heard little of the opinions and tactics of the great party op •
posits bus that which had appeared is the newspapers ; but,
from the motion to-night, and from some of the opinions
stated tonight, as well as from the papers, they had at last
arrived at something definite as to what was their opinion.
Aud the noble lord at tho head of the party on the other
aid' had put forth his manifesto, and unfurled
the banner of protection. (Loud cheers from the protec-
tionists.). Yes, he was glad that it was so. (More cheering.)
Earlier is the station gentlemen on the other side of the
house wore a little bit chary in their expressions. (No
no.) It was quite true that his hon. friend the member for,
South Lincolnshire spoke et re-eoosidering the legislation to
which be attributed some of the present distress ; but the
honourable gentleman opposite, the member for Burl-
' inghamshire—the great leader of that party—carefully
avoided sae iog much about protection in the motion
that he brought forward for the transfereaco to the
consolidated fund of local taxation. But the depu-
tation who waited en his noble friend (Lord J. Rumen)
scouted, as unworthy of their attention, any such project ;
and said that nothing less than a return to protectiou would
I answer their purpose. Well, then, they brew what they
(the protectionists) desired: and the right hon. gentletuau
told them plainly that what he saw in the motion of tie hon.
and gallant membor was, the imposition of a filed duty of
ts. a quarter on earn. Now they knew distinctly what it
r was they were to go on to-night. It was not a motion to
inquire into the causes of the distress in tho agrioultiral
districts, but the object with which he supp rted the motion

den. tit etaitfif winds eons., to PrPoll• a fixed__
day b Si. AA Born, though that did not.srp.ai
be -tblei view, dee "Meld Acne, et the noble lord opposite,m
area lamed tetra end been some discrepancy of view, as
weft se of expulsion, from those who supported the hon.
and Pliant Stedman. One hon. gentleman rather
doubted the polies of the bea. sad gallant gentleman
who breaght forward this melon, who appeared in the am-
biguous dem of • free trader.. The view the hoe. gentleman
took of it wee that U Meat no ass appediee to the present
Route of emantone, end that it would be fee better to pam-
pas any proposal on the suhjeet till he had
get If new parliament elected by an amended con-
sents:my. Whin the honourable gentleman wse pre-
pared to bring forward a new reform bill, or what
was hie mode of reforming parliament he lett to him to
explain to the hem when he (the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer) sat dews. But he confessed that he entertained
so expectation that from any puliameat, which on the hoe.
gentleman's plea, would be Meted would he obtain •
reversal of that policy which had been sanctioned by the
last end the present House of Commons. He believed that the
greatest benefits had been conferred on the country by that
policy. (Cheers.) And he did not believe that whatever
provision the bon. gentleman might make—he did not be-
lieve that the great body of the people of this country who
had tasted the benefits of cheap tood—he did not believe
that the ocentituents of this country would now or two or
three years hence return to parliament a body of gentlemen
who would reverse that policy. (Cheers.) Now the hen gen-
tlemen who preceded him had treated this question
as an experiment, and he was nee-a little astonished to sae
in the address of Lord Stanley, which was called his meni-
fest°, that he supposed that he (the Chancellor of the Ex-
chegaer) had ever said a syllatie from which an inference
ceull be drawn that it wee as experiment which the might
reverse or not. The hon. gentleman the member for
Wakefield thought it an experiment which they might re-
verse ; but he (.he Chancellor of the Exchequer) diaelaimed
in the strongest terms having ever used an
expression from which the inference could be drawn that it
should he treated es an experiment ; and he knew net what
his noble frier d meant when he talked of the ripple of the
waves. The right hon. gentleman had put very clearly to-
night, very clearly and consistently with what fill from him-
self, what was the object of protection. The right hen. gentle-
man stated that be 1.14 net think even the imposition of an
85. duty would be a great ben, fi: to the agriculturists;
' that it would not materially raise the price of can;
and he (the Chancellor of the Er hequer) must lay
the agriculturists could hove derived very little comfort
(rein his right hon. friend. But his right hon. friend
put it In this way, that English manufacturers c produce
cheaper than foreign manufacturers, but that English agri-
culturists could not produce corn as cheap as foreign agricul-
turists could, and he would impose • protection on English
corn, in order to obtain a monopoly of the Regiish market ;
that is, he would rates the price of corn to the consuming
population. He meant this, that the price of food in this
country was to be raised by his protecting law. (lieu,
bear.) That wee the object. [llr. Herrin was understood
to say "No."] Then be did not know what the right hon.
gentleman meant by his definition of protection. Ile called
it a protection horn injustice. Ile (the Chencellur of the
Exchequer) said it was manifestly unjust nod mani-
festly impolitic to raise the price of bread to
the consuming population; and that was the gr.ur.d
on which the present government supported and the
preceding government brought in this measure, because they
believed it to he essentially just and advantageous to all
classes of the community that bread should be as cheap as
possible. (Cnecre ) It was not es an experiment that the
measure was proposed by the right lien. gentleman (Sir It.
Peel), and it waisnot as an experiment that i• was supported
by them. It was supported by them en the one plain prin-
ciple that it was advantageous that the large and increasing
populatien of this country should have the m ardcles 01 its
food, its meat, and its bread as che ip as the i‘orld could pro-
duce them. (Cheers.) Now he did not think that
it was in the slightest degree inconsistent with their
opinion that a cheap price of food wise advantageous to
the country, that they should put before the 14946 C reasens
for think icg that the present price of corn was
lower than it would be permanentiy, or that it
wu not to be attributed solely to free trace
He was sun rho el when he beard that the speech of tl.e
hon. member far Wskefield was relied oil as containing
arguments aea.nit free trade. He would only ,so tl,e house
to rememb r that last year there were two motions made in
reference to t'iis subject, the latter of which was grounded
on a statement that the importation of foreign corn was
each as materially to depress the price of corn, and to
voodoos much distress amongst the agricultural
But the hon. gentlemen the member for Wek•tie.d said
the: the importation of last year was not more than suffi-
cient to supply the deficiency arising from the bad harvest
of the previous summer in this couatry, and the failure of
the potato crop in Ireland, and in h?s (the Chancellor
of the Exchequer's) mind it was terough Ood's mercy, that
laws wire passed which saved the country from the distress
which must otherwise have arisen from such a deficiency.
He would now give them the authority of the Mark
fine Erpr as, which stated that wheat was now worth
from 4s. to se. per quarter more titan it was one
month ago, and that other arti-les of agricultural
produce had participated in that incest's. That was
the statement of a journal which published • weekly
summary of the result of inquiries ; and that was the result
of such inquiries. Was that, however, owing to an extraor-
dinary demand ? No ; the paper added that there had been
hith rto little speculation in the usual acceotation of the term.
Barley and ors had risen in a similar manner. It had been
stated that in all the continental towns from which wheat
would be exported to this country, the price of wheat had
risen. The same thing was said to be true as regarded the
United Stater. The last quotation from New York, how-
ever, showed that the prices in that country had much re-
duced, and the price in this country had considerably de-
creased. The noble lord apposite had told them that there
was great dieter's in the country. The expression which he
used was that the distress was pressing on eat ry portion of
the community, and that there was agriculturist distress in
various parts of the country. He (the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer) did cot stand there to deity that there was distress
peevailii.g in the agricultural district.; but he defied the
gentlemen o; posits, to bring forward any proof of general
distress pressing on all classes of the community. (Cheers.)
Who would get up in that house and state that in the manu-
facturing districts there was distress? Let them test the
truth of these matters by facts. The same allegation was
made last year, month atter month. Early in the session he
to k the opportunity of stating what was the result of the
poor law expenditure, and the number of persons relieved at
stated times. Re had shown that the expenditure up to the
25th Much, 1849, was less than that up to the same date in the
pre ceding year. Tete expenditure during the halt-year ending at
Michaelmas last was less than that of the cotresponding had-
rear in the previous year. He also took the number of per-
;lns r l'eved on the Ist of July last, and he found it was
len than the number of persons relieved on the Ist of July,
ISIS. • Ile would bring it up to the Ist of January, 1850,
end he toued that the number of preens relieved on that
day was less than on the let January, 1849. (Cheere.) And
when they came to the abie-bodied persons, who would be
supposed to be thrown out et employment by agricultural
distress, they would find that there were much fewer
receiving relief in this year than in the preced-
ing year. (Hear, hear.) Bat as his hon. friend
had stated, the noble lord was not satisfied with
that return, end he moved for one up to the latest period,
the middle of February. And what was the result? Why
that there was a considerable diminution in the number of
persons receiving relief. The noble lord had stated that
there was an increase in the distress in the midland counties.
New, he would take the last return which had been moved
for by the Marquis of Salisbury in the other house, and
would confine himself to the counties with which the noble
lord was most intimately connected, namely, Leicestershire,
Northamptonshire, and Radnorshire. In the second week
of February, 1849, the number of persons receiving relief
amounted to 18,731. In the same week this year
it amounted to 15,700. In Northamptonshire in the
second week of February, 1849, the number reeeiv
log relief amounted to 13,855 ; in the same week this year
it amounted to 8,531). A similar diminution took place in
R ednor. Taking these three counties:in which the noble lord
stated that there existed an increased degree of agricultural
distress' they would see that the returns showed a diminu-
tion, and not an increase. Ile would not trouble the house
with other counties at this moment. [An Hon. blember—
Clo on, go on."] Well, then, be would take the county
of the hon. member who had interrupted him—
the county of Suffolk. lie would compere the
number of persons receiving relief in that county
in the second week of February, 1849, with those receiving
relief in the same week is 1850. In the former week they
amounted to 30,329, in the latter to a little over 29,000. He
was ready to meet any other gentleman with reference to
any county. But the noble lord said that sgricultaral dis-
tress increased not in England but in the sister island to •
still greater extent. To support that statement he read ex-
tracts from correspondence which appeared in some of the
naming papers. The returns from Ireland were made up to
a much more recent period than they were in this country,
and the last return from that country was up to
the middle of April. In the week ending the 4th of April,
1849, the number of those receiving relief amounted to
816,849; in the corresponding we ek this year it amounted to
• little more than 338,000, making a diminution of more
than 476,900. Comparing the week ending the 13th of
April in this year with the immediately preceding year,
they would find a diminution of the number of those receiv-
ing relief amountina to upwards of 6,000. It was easy to
make general assertions that would lead to the impression
that general distress prevailed. It was desirable that the
truth of such assertions should be sated by facts. (Hear.)
These assertions should be met not by general answers, but by
proved facts. He thought that he had shown that in the
counties selected by the noble lord, and in the sister king-
dom, the only two Instances which he had produced of in •
creased agricultural distress, his statements were not borne
out by the facts. (Cheers.) When such statements as
these were made, they should be met. It was desirable that
they should net meet them by counter assertions, but by
facts which were undisputed and indisputable. When his
hon. friend (Mr. Wilson) spoke on a similar subject, he
brought forward what was a most convincing proof on the
matter, namely, the state of crime. He said that
there was a considerable diminution in the amount
of commitments for trial at the Epiphany sessions.
At the next gaol delivery, at the Lent Assizes, the numbers
were—in 1849, 2,805; In 1860, 2,558 ; showing • decrease of
247, or 0 8 per cent. At the Easter Sessions, the numbers
were-1849, 2,334 ; 1850, 2,007 ; being a diminution of
327. or 14 percent. (lieu, hear.) Surely that was a most
satisfactory statement. It was notorious that • diminution
of crime was • considerable proof of imerovi meet in the
condition of the people; and whether they looked at the
number of persons actually receiving relief, or the numbers
tempted to crime by want, there was a very considerable
diminution in both this year as compared with the last—
that wart during the period when these exceptional low
prices had prevailed. (Rear, hear.) To a certain extent

the revenue wee a fair test of the well-Joins of the country
Comparing the revenue of the year siding April, 1850
wits
that of the preceding year, he found a sight
In the customs' duties, excluding corn, but that was gimr:
owing to the estraordiaary import of foreign 'spar jg (:
preceding year. In all the other braechee of revenue Ware
was as Lao/ease. That which was the great index of re
comforts of the people, the melee, had wwwe."4
18,032,0001 to 14,026,0001. There was also an incresU-4
the toles, and in the inecene•tax; sad he could not lye"
give a better proof of the genual welhdoing of the (4
AthwunandsuaAhtheewtsimieunwotilldie more;
.nmedthotthahuirsthapeet::yuantthtody:slriasiaztbiel.latihlaithe:lB4,llstay o.kiadw
sooulgetsostriturfreiefenTraga:',oll4(;:s.
since the ..h of April last, the same improved app
except taxes the improvement in the last mouth correrpeeegg
with that of the preceding year. (Hear.) Al • test of ear
ployment, he would compare the exports of the hest ter
wmotnhthse
ai,risetactbh oroofth
12,822.000 k ;in 1860, 14,050,0001. (Hear, hear.) „:
were these exports produced By the labour, by thee.
ployanut of tee people. (Hear, hear., They meet
bun earning wire ; it was known that they had beet wtr,
paid ; and with good wages they had hal the additioaal id.
vantage
;rothes hoped
sche
it would
iw(thoCuhltedheanbt.e) a slio
interest,rl would
for
dr comfort 4) yebeeuto:
tit
arts
one article of those exports conneced with the agrietuteral
gentlemannected
ilnterest
meet happy to afford them comfort in every way in whatue.
was able. (Hear, hear) Tho reports ot tea
first three months of each year had been-18.19, 57.;
1849, 2,080,0001 Ni. (more than double) ;
2,182,00011 w. (Hear, hear.) That woe an indiestieg'
01 en improved demand for agricultural I reelete •
there was also an improved demand fir ran ar4
stock. The price of rock had been kept d own by se ~,.
eaudt
r considerablebsheere di
n; ad
deatethia the;lytw hi
uhe° ri
leurr increase
1 upon
et
eta 4 bai
creued production of steck this country. Too ice.rts of
the Newcastle
brought to marketrylummusket
kkh
wholeweek, farwu theve
of foreign cettlo and sheep had been steadily diteersh.-e,
(Hear, hear,) He rejoiced that they had at last mice t., •
brute point at issue. Lord Stanley had charavensed :he
policy that had been pursued as mistaken end insane ; u
where his words—(cheers from the pr ••ectiorime)—en: t: •
seemed to be adopted by hon. gen•lenien
mewed cheers.) He took Pius with them upset Wet; icy e•
lieved that policy to have ben both wise and just, te, t: a(
policy the governmeat was prepared to send er la I.
(Loud cheers ) He believed that, so far free, r•-u,• z
the seeds ot dissension between two elessie
policy was etetntielly necessary for binding tesete., a.;
classes of the community—(Hex-, hear)—and he
that by the adoption of that policy peace hal been fee :•)
reserved. (Loud cheers.) He die not mind .be linguae, that was used in public meetings—(heir, he.; -
be WWI not afraid of gentlemen mounting *.htir here.
riding into the towns. (Low: cheer, and laughter., it e,,,
w:ll known that gentlemen got a little bested at ee au
of that baud, and talked themselves up to a fever eut
(Laughter.) He did not arum much importacee t e„
WWI said on each ocrnsions, though he did net think
very wise language to use. (lieu, hear.) Sat he did
here that the policy which had been pursued woe
~
for the miliatenanee of good feeling and traree.a.lre,
for binding together all chases of society, and teat
policy contributed ball so much to the per.nan. nt tea.
of those institution, which they were ad aaa,,a,
t old. ( C heers. )
Mr. DISHABLI claimed the indulgetce of the
while he endeavoured to place before them a se- re acc.r •e
conception of the int-re ions of his party than h sd tee- 2 ,
by the right hon. gectl men. Ten motion heol come
him somewhat unexpectedly; and he believA :net a,. .e
general feeling of the house. This was not the hest et., a
when such a notice bad appeared on the table of the h...
Four years ago, identically the same notice woo n;e;n.
object then beM r, if the house revived i-self into corree•
to pr.po.e the repeal of the law regulating the
of nereign corn. lie needed not to fernier' the 1: aue
lenethened debates, the ample discuseion, and the •o
struggle which then took piece. On every occasion : • <
in the m:nority, which though not non:mot:I, c
hers, wz.s ultimately unsuccessful. In the ms' r.
icu,el the name of the hon. gentleman who 1. •:
posed this motion. (Hear, bear.) A whiz teee.• •
member for a county, a member of an ancient whit :se
a supporter of a repeal of the core laws. one of the •
triumphant majority, after less than e ter rears
felt it his duty to move that the house sheull form ••
into committee, as was prepoued four years ago, but ee.•:. -
object very different, and for a purpose quite cu : •
(Idear, hear) When a county member, wao voted : :
repeal of the corn laws, Lad made this motion, and w...
had
_been seconded by a member I.:r an Irish boroug
liberal member,—both on the ministerial if le of the hem
all that he could recognise in this mortmeat was that it
no incipient effort of repentant fruetraders. (Hear, t
Not content with repeating his speech of the first nie..
the session, the Chsaoellor of the Exchequer had al..
treated the spoeeh which the hon. member for fit-. •:
(Mr. Wilson) mai' on the second night of the ressi,e
be had entered into considerable details to show :r
working classes VIM not at that women, •
ing. But there might be great distress in tr
try without the working eltes,s suffering.
would deny that the farmers of England, the treNs•.
derable p ,rtion of the middle classes of society, were • .
ing. But the hon. member for Westbury had tree.
mitted that there was very severe distress am-re
middle classes, not merely of the agricultural he :e
those in towns lake Manchester and Liverpool.
ally in the provinces of the north. It seemed •e e•
moots in railways bad routed the north of Encla-
would remind the house that the expeedituro on tt. -
ways bad formed the speculative data on which 1..
were repealed which had consummated the ruin
agricultural interest. (Hear, hear 1 I' it were ait
that pnrtinn of 'he middle classes connected with err.:
had incurred a loss quite unprecedented, but tor uhe .
incurred by those ot the roil Ile elegies rot connect,:
agriculture, what must have been the effect of th:. -
cedented and almost hopeless distress nmengst the
employers of labour, upon the labouring classes t:. • •
selves, whose habi't of forathouirlat and endurance suer
honour not only to themselves but to the country 1 (H. -
This was no: a motion of which, it he neat been •
suited upon it, he should have teem/men led the ierre,
tion, and he would tell the houses very fairly why
not. he had thought that such a motion ought t.
been made, he should either have moved it lamself. er -
nutted it to some person more competent on his
objection to the motion was that it was of a partial char
that it was lusting them to take into cOresia,t3;... .
interests of one class only. However just r. •
be the claims of that class, he would rate.:
haul been called upon at toe right time J •
into consideration the state of every rises is too c
than that they should lave been asked interentieny . •
fre and legislate for the advantage of one. We 'a.' • •
a great deal of what was pupular.y coiled protic.;
yet the right hon. gentleman who had just a
house, assuming that they meant by the word •• i• •
what in fact they did not mesa, had delivered eucru.: • .
violent inv. vile against a phan'om cf his own creee•-• .
would tell the house what the protectionists mean: • r .7 •
tection. He looked upon it as e fact that the bees
1816 was the foundation a new cnnmer..... te • -
in this c_untry. lie knew it was
in debates in that house on these ec:e t 0..: •
jects, to take the legislation of MO as the a nn e. • .
the legislation that was commenced in 1842, tut e•• .• •'•
the twoschemes features ot the most con-redicterr ie..
site character. In the legislation of 1a42 f e
wise effort to expand the commercial relations ot ....•
try upon scientific principles o: interchance, .5) • •
labour of thin country should not be brought int., a s' • •
false position with the labour of another, and et the 5,7 •
went thou measures were brought forward the fret: .•
of which was that the commercial interchange w;a •:•
tries should be balanced by eountevatling due.,
were made in perfect unison with that who •:
induce foreign nations to enter into commercial tr
That fair policy insisted that while we were If : • •
our ports to all the world, we were resolved that tin ..Ja
should not come in and enjoy our market unless rd. tea • •
was equally open to us. Now all these Flute: se.
tirely discarded in the measures welch he he:i..cr it' •
been fatal and insane measures—sere entirely . •
in the legislation of 1816. We commenced then- a.•:• •
allowing free import into this country from •
which met us with hostile wide, and its •
we then took a step most injurious to • e
rights and interests of labour in thus •••
that was to say, the English producer. He dwelt u,
topic because it was essentially connected with 1.. u. te •
Lion about to be made in committee to say that rho - -
producer did not give his production for Lieu, • • •
ti ins, but only paid amount of duty then e 1..., •
article of production, in addition to what he :.s'
He said that to tax a community for the tone::: en • •
was not protection—that was plunder. tidal' ' li" ••• '
them to protect the native industry of this countrY• t' •
tect the right and interests of labour in the not ,
allowing free imports from countries which art.: ••• •
countervailing duties ; and in the second piece, s• • •
to all agricultural produce, he said you Mel a • ....•t.•
an additioael countervailing duty, or take she no:
was expended as much for their interest as la tine •••I •
turista. That was his view of protection : end Sera •ae •
founded in a spirit of justice—because he believed u: .•
supported by scientific argument—because he P. •
heard this position strictly refuted—bec mete
mercisl treaties fouudid on such prise;
very much increase the prosperity of
and terminate all the missy which was pm lee •
lodged by every body, which would tenant' its the
position of the middle classes, he was an adv.. ate :•
principle, and protective policy, found"' oar h., • •
• would, ere long, he believed, he the policy uceieuee •.• •
this house. (Hear, hear.) He thought it hie lue••••• •
gentlemen with whom he was to act, to melse'•,n..'
became he had been told that they were the ••• • s
of • system which had no resemblance to tea
on which they were prepared to art. If the t•
which he had laid down, vie., that no et.ee
send its importer here who would not receive ours, •,,
there would be an increase of the revenue by cogent. • •
'mane might be a question as to the d. gree w u:,
foreigner might pay a portion of costa duty . •
not thick there was any body of a temperate order • . .
who had given any consideration to thus teepee eu '
maintain that the tureigner psel no poteo
duty. lie did not think that under elth
.eo
stances the foreigner would not eont et tee..
portion to the treasury cf this country. "
tion did the foreigner contribute of that part oft '
received by inland taxation ? That was the r. as a, ""
lamented Lord George llentinck laid it down 1. •''
ciplo of policy, that in all attempts to relieve o gr. ua ' ••
the community, to increase the means of employment.

h • peskiss t They in east at hes. Wlliber for the West Riding wises he tat his foot as
1 that • -Used tax weld net be tolerated. the costleast. (Cheers hen the proleagesieb.) They
rule hem. seesber,lN the West : • g knew very well that the free Inds iseseares would set •
sirens misdeed untie . Now.l .*c at •il to the ... riwty4SC,ipt awls out
whisk they still in ii„,....,P .._,....,„ .i
6 the seessity el , • y the 'f l77a - i bey' geese se
1 (II ' Revise . I
it of . Ive,p
4 • bole his ahrlidlyejlewed ' belies She •
or, -,
hick •d• ,I. he Ire% his 11/ .. .. one geed.
I thirty-sia . ,
' therallitit Waste of 1
•
r eir:welle . . he
initilEleilirzld
If they said MI lee right Se lat- *ow *SS globe& ewe le that aeon of
aea the food • the pegie, why all eamerdeff peeteedia to settee Whitey, t who ha
o tho hod of dr soak se Use 414 fa plamelfineeted_ll, eser.-Ilry.weie,b,ll.le.!phold.