The Express.
London, England, 1868-05-14 00:00:00

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A SECOND EDITION of the EXPRESS,

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LONDON, THUR.S.DAY, MA Y 14.

THE LoNinty virv:sirr.

Toe ceremony of admitting to degrees in the
University of London is becoming as much an in-
stitution us Commemoration at Oxford. It is less
riotous and exciting ; great men are not exhibited
to be applauded or hissed as the fancy of a mob of
undergraduates prompts them ; there is no Latin
speech, nor Public Orator, nor painful verse, nor
dull prose. In short, there is neither tumult nor
pedantry. The London University has no
Saturnalia. Instead of this, the graduates are
presented to the CHA Net: wat of the University in a
simple and busincss-like fashion, and receive
from hiLi the diplomas of their several degrees.
Their friends, of both sexes, and the friends of the
University assemble in force, and the CHANCELLOR
improves the occasion by an address on University
matters generally, and on the affairs of the London
University in particular.
The long list of the names of the gentlemen
who were presented to Lord GRANVILLE on
Wednesday, of the colleges from which they
came, and of the degrees and honours which
they have acquired in subjects some of them
hitherto ignored by older schools of learning, is a
signal testimony to the flourishing condition of the
London University. Strange to say, it has scarcely
impressed the fact of its existence upon the out-
side world. Such allusions as arc popularly made to
it are usually examples of mistaken identity. It is
commonly confounded with University College,
iu (fower-street. That institution is as little like the
University of London as Trinity College, Cambridge,
is the University of Cambridge, or Christ Church,
Oxford the University of Oxford. It was, in-
deed, iiirersitatis, the mother of the
University, but is now, by an inversion of this
parental relation, simply one of its affiliated insti-
tutions. Perhaps it is not wonderfnl that an
institution which has hitherto been without
local habitation should have had difficulty in
establishing its title to its own name. Since
its commencement the London University
has lived in lodgings, and it has not had the
benefit even of a lodger franchise. It had
apartments first in Somerset House, Strand,
and afterwards in Burlington House, Piccadilly.
It is about, however, to become a householder,
and will presently enter upon a building of its
own. When this outward and visible sign of its
existence is presented to the eye, it will, doubtless,
emerge from the obscurity in which, however, it
has flourished.

The list of the colleges which have furnished
graduates to the University of London is nume-
rous and varied. Secular and denominational in-
stitutions, places of separate and places of mixed
education are affiliated to it. Unsectarian colleges,
and the colleges of every church and sect, Roman
Catholic and Anglican, Wesleyan, Baptist, Pres-
byterian, Independent, and Unitarian send up
their pupils to contend in honourable rivalry ; and
men who have had no other place of education

than their own study, and no ether tutees thin
their own books, join not viesneeessfully. in tits
competition. The value of the degrees eiln. by
the University of London, and of the training which
preparation for them afforls, is shown by the fad
that men who have carded off the highest
honours of the older Universities do not disdain to
offertheraselves forthoee of the younger and obscurer ,
corporation. The circumstance that so many
sectarian institutions are affiliated to the University
and send up graduates to it, is sometimes ap-
pealed to as proof that the people of England,
Dissenters not less than Roman Catholics and
Churchn en, c'ing to the system of denominational
education, and reject the principle of union. The
argument is -maenad. At Oxford and Cambridge,
Nonconformists have refused to endow separate
halls for the members of• their several sects,
and their disinclination to the proposal to
assign them some of the existing colleges for
their education apart has been otherwise :dearly
manifested. The Dissenting academics which are
affiliated to the University of London were forced
into existence generations ago by the exclusion
of Nonconformistsfromtheolder Universities. it was
necessary, therefore, to erect theological institutions
for the education of their ministers. The laymen
among Dissenters, to whose means and plan of
life a University education was suitable, were few
and scattered. Such of them as there were drifted
into the colleges of their several denominations.
There were no other places for them. When, how-
ever, wealth and the desire of cultivation grew among
Nonconformists, University College was founded.
Similar institutions, such as OWENS College, in
Manchester, sprang ; and these collect the
great mass of the middle classes of all churches
who for any reason cannot avail them-
selves of the advantages offered by Oxford and
Cambridge. University College and the Univer-
sity of London found denominational education in
exclusive possession of the field of higher educa-
t out. It exists now, in its full force, only
in a few obscure academies. The principle
of united education on e.inal terms has
penetrated into Oxford, Cambridge, Dublin,
and the Scotch Universities. It has estab-
li,lo d the Qt. EEN'S Colleges in Ireland. Its vic-
tory is net et absolutely complete even where
the principle is conceded, but the cause is virtually
won.

In other respects. the London University
, has led, instead of simply following the age. It has
enlarged the range of studies embraced in the three
faculties of Arts, Law, and Medicine, be-
yond the routine which formerly prevailed.
The encouragement which it gave from the first to
the study of modern languages, the physical
sciences, the applied arts, and mural and political
philosophy, made it the pioneer of what may be
called the new learning, While it did nut neglect
the old. It has gone beyond this. It has created
new faculties, and gives the hitherto unprecedented
degrees of Bachelor and Doctor of Science, Bachelor
and Doctor of Literate' e, and Master of Surgery,
in addition to the ordinary titles of academic
distinction. It thus encourages and rewards the
specialisation, so to speak, of studies hitherto
united, and still by it united in their earlier stages,
in the ordinary faculties of arts and medicine.
Beyond this, to the great disgust of those who
hold that the mission of women is to " suckle fools
" and chronicle small beer," it has instituted exami-
nations for women. That the f acul t ies of women what-
ever they may be, ought to be cultivated to their
utmost, and that the cultivation must make
them more instead of less truly feminine, is
a Pro Position which only the silliest and least cul-
tivated women are now found to deny in
words, while they prove it in fact. The
mind cannot be kept a vacuum. In
the absence of just and clear ideas it will be filled
with narrow and paltry prejudices. A frivolous
and ill-informed woman will make a frivolous or
serdid-minded man. The chroniclers of small
beer are sure to suckle fools. In this movement,
too, the London University has been a pioneer.
These claims and services, and some others which
were recounted by Lord GRANVILLE in his sensible
and lively speech, entitle the University to public
consideration, and to the direct representation in
Parliament which the Reform Act of 1867
assures it. Indirectly it is represented there
already in the persons of some of its graduates.
The names of Mr. STANSFELD, Mr. GRANT-DUFF,
Major O'REILLY, Sir DOLMAN O'DO4:LILEN, Mr.
WINTERHOTRAM, and Mr. JULIAN GoLnsmin—
Churchman and Nonconformist, Christian and
Jew—typify its catholic character. Who its
special representative will be, we will not any
More than Lord GRANVILLE, prejudge. His lord-
ship spoke with impartial compliments happily
varied, of the merits of Mr. LOWE, Mr. BAuEHOT,
and Sir .lout/ DUBBOrK. In any one of them, the
University would find a faithful and a distinguished
representative.

THE ENGLISH CHANNEL .I XD THE
ENGINEERS.

OCR Paris correspondent told a story yesterday
in which the EMPEROR, the Plum% IMPERIAL, and
M. Bourn., the Engineer, figured. The latter
proposes to build a railway bridge between Dover
and Calais, and on spreading his plan on the floor
before the Emecaoa the Young Prince took a run
and jumped it ; whereupon M. Borrres in-
troducer to Court, General Rive, remarked, " Mon-
" seigneur, you are the first person who Inn; passed
" over the Channel bridge." Further, the EMPE-
ROR, after smiling approval at the jest, pronounced
the scheme to be far more practicable than any he
had yet seen, asked for reports and estimates, and
promised his support. The proposal is far from
new. Sir CCSACE RONEY tells us of a variety of
projects for connecting France with England by
some more stable link than the change-
ful, fickle sea. Mr. JAMES CHALMERS,
Mr. B. Httmax, and a French gentleman bearing
the suggestive name THOMAS DE GAMMON, each
propose to lay iron tubes on the bed of the ocean
through which a railway is to run. But the last-
named gentleman's genius has a bolder flight than
his British competitors. He proposes, with great
calmness, and at a cost of £7,200,000, to construct,
besides the tubular sub-way, a half-way halting-
house between the two shores. This is to consist
of a harbour and three ships' basins in mid-
Channel, so that " anyone returning in a hurry
" from a long voyage and wishing to get either to
" London or Paris, or to ally other place in Eng-
" land or the Continent, may land and at once pro-
ceed to the terra firma portion of his journey."
A huge shaft 330 feet in diameter would
serve the double purpose of ventilating
the tunnel, and of providing means of ingress and
egress between the Islet de Varna (for M. ns
GAMMON has even christened his castle in the air)
and the upper and outer world. The advocates of
tubes form, however, a mere section of the pro-
jectors on this subject. One of the late presi-
dents of the Association of Civil Engineers—Mr.
Hawiszaw—has satisfied himself that the bottom
of the English Channel has too many and too

:E EXPRESS, THURSDA'

deep "faults " foe tunnilingt and !r. T. B.
Dm, cant!' fore's* lad year w it great
ferry inflame between Disepe sod Newhaven, with
floating harbours and 2,490 bos►power, so that
the trains would be received body on this decks of
the ferry-boats without disintbing passengers
Or luggage. Mr. a ROILOB
considers he escapes Mr. 11.(wramter's objections
by making the English starting point from Dunge-
ness instead of Dover. A tunnel from 90 to 130
feet below tho bed of the Channel, three main
shafts a hundred feet in diameter, carried to a
great height so as to act as lighthouses ; an expen-
diture of seven millions—and Mr. RIMINGTON pro-
mikes us a practicable and safe tunnel in five and
a half years. But all these projects sink into the
shade by the side of the scheme for running a rail-
way tunnel below the Atlantic. In jest or earnest
this proposition is out, and the Scientific American
has published full details down to lighting the cars
with magnesium and electric lights. One hundred
thousand men are to be employed continuously for!
thirty years ; and a capital of two billions five!
hundred millions dollars is required ; after
which trains are to run between Newfoundland
and Valentia, c;(1 telegraph route, in five days. I
Whatever may be the result of the ESIPEROIt'S
deliberations on M. Hours-es scheme, we have
enough to convince us that, if France and Eng-
land are not united materially, it is not for lack
of daring in our engineers. As there are tunnels,
or drainage galleries, six and a half miles long,
and 900 feet below the surface, in the Hartz
mountains, we may live to see a tunnel, tube, or
bridge across the Channel. With the progress of
the age before our eyes, we decline to express a
doubt, or hazard a conviction. We sincerely
trust that such patriotic shareholders as embark
their money in any of those undertakings may
receive the reward they deserve, and that the
labours of the Aronautical Society may not rob
them of their dividends. It is clear—with so
many clever people eager to circumvent the im-
pertinent strip of water called the English
Channel, that its life as an obstructive is in
imminent danger. As to the mode, or time, or
manner of its death, or of its conqueror—or
s hether the one or the other will ever happen—let
us say with the Spaniard, Quid-a ezbe f—Who
knows ?

THE possibility of a compromise on the subject
of the Boundary Bill has been talked of to-day.
Mr. GLAnsToNE, it is atid, will ask the Govern-
ment this evening what course they intend to
take, slid will suggest the propriety of referring to
a select committee the duty of determining what
boundaries affecting old boroughs may be with-
drawn from the bill. There are nearly twenty
places, including some of the most important in
England, which may properly be left untouched.
If the Government refuse to adopt this sugges-
tion, the hon. member for Oldham will persevere
with his motion to leave out the fourth clause. In
the event of Mr. Hi BBERT'S success, Mr. STANSFELD
will move an important clause, viz : " The boun-
" duties of the old boroughs which lie within the
" municipal boundaries of such boroughs shall be
"extended so as to be coterminous therewith, as
"in the ( ) Schedule to this act annexed is men-
" dolled ; and such boroughs shall, for all
"purposes relating to the election of a
"member or members to servo in Parha-
" merit, be comprised in the boundaries which
"in such schedule are respectively 'peel-
" tied in conjunction with the names of such
" boroughs." Mr. AYTOVN proposes to leave
out from the first schedule all boroughs or dis-
tricts of boroughs in which the population ex-
ceeds forty thousand for each member which that
borough returns. Mr. Dixon moves to omit
Birmingham ; Mr. RErroN, Warwick ; Mr.
SCHREIBER, Cheltenham ; Mr. BAZLEY, Man-
chester ; Sir H. WiLtissisos, Gateshead and
South Shields ; Mr. STONE, Portsmouth ; and so
on ; while Mr. BASS puts nineteen boroughs, in-
clusive of the foregoing, into one amendment, and
moves their omission in a body.

TUE Irish Church Commission are believed to re-
commend that the bishops be reduced to three, and
the archbishops to one; and that a Suspensory
Bill be forthwith passed. If this be true,
and the Government adopt the recommen-
dations for which they have been waiting so
long, there will be an end, we hope, of the
accusations of spoliation which have been so
freely brought against the Liberal party. Mr.
GLAPSTONE.B Suspensory Bill ought to pass the
Lords unopposed.

IN the House of Commons to-morrow, Mr. HAY-.
TER Will ask the ATTORNEY-GENERAL, "whether it is
" true that the Loan CHIEF JUSTICE of the COM-
" MOll Pleas has appointed his son, Mr. WILLIAM
" BOVILL, last year a Lieutenant in the 16th Lan-
" cers, to be Clerk of Assize on the Western Cir-
" cult, with a salary of 1,0001. a year ; and, if it
" be true, whether there is any precedent to jus-
" tify his appointment to such office." And,
" whether any or what legal qualifications are re-
" gulled as necessary for holding such appoint-
" went."

BRISTOL ELECTION. —A petition has been pre-
sented to parliament &pipet the return of Mr. Miles for
the city of Bristol. The petitioners allege that Mr. Miles,
"by himself, his a cots, managers, and friends," gave va-
rious sums of money, and promised employment to certain
persons to induce them to vote or abstain from voting, sad
that to tut ther Lis own interests at the election he, or his
agents, entertained certain of the electors, and paid money
for their conveyance to the polL Bribery and intimidation
are also imputed.

The Duke of Buckingham has for some time past
occupied Chandoe Howse, and barn resumed Me residence at

Stowe, which, for many years after being stripped of its
unrivalled contents, was deserted. His grace is gradually
recollecting many of the dispersed treasures.