The Express.
London, England, 1850-05-30 00:00:00

MORNINGS AT THE MILLS. No. IV.

I have already informed you that the Choriton
Mills are kept at work ten hours a day. As
you are well aware, Mr. Editor, the agitators
of the purely sentimental school, while labour-
ing to procure parliamentary interference with the
hours of work In factorise, constantly told their
hearers that wages would not fall with the diminution
of the period of employment. This impression some-
how took violent hold of the operative mind of the
north of England : and, in spite of a daily demonstra-
tion to the contrary, it is not yet entirely disabused of
the notion. Nearly every one I spoke to in these mills
seemed to be haunted by the hope that, in spite of
present appearanocs, the rate of wages must go back
to the old figures. The following table of averages
for five years will be ussfhl, u helping to show the
actual amounts paid in each year :
Average wages of factory workers in the employ of Wil-
liams and David Morris:

Dadenatio4 1843 1846 1817 1844 1 1849
a. d. & d. & d. a. d. a. d.
Card-roes—Wales l3 3 11 4 7 9 13 0 12 0
Females BlO 6 6 3 4 8 9 8 6
13Fini;;Ts and 144°"$—Valesi 12 0 11 1G 6 10 11 7 13 0
and kaiak*
2 Loom Weavers 9 9i 11 10 4 10 9 0 9 3
Helpers
Mechanics—Males 6O 6,1 2O 6 18 1 l9 6 19 3

are completely la
power—notra at
ilichance PPgoinghejthe best or ebeipeet.
histionto
meet for them l—and he sells them only too often
the refuse of his shop, at the prices of the high
class of articles. This was the glaring evil which Mr.
David Morris undertook to expose to his srorkpeopie.
I say first of all it was many onvitce them that
such a state an evil; for of them, basin.
known it all their lives, having Hen their parent;
placed is the same situation or dependence, kaa,,h,„
that moat of their neighbours are in a similar poor:
tion to themselves—have come to look upon this or
one of those natural evils of society to which the
poor must submit in silence. It is in the contest
against this dead weight of apathy that the
courage and perseverance of the reformer are
most severely taxed. Mr. David Morrie thought
it would be the wisest course to break up th,,,
habits of dependence on the petty shopkeeper
gradually. He began by spiriting a few ta
contrive by frugality to steal a march
upon their income, and instead of being always
week behind with the world, to get a week before it.
When this was done by a few, he showed them how
by clubbing their means together they might par.
chase their ten, coffee, cocoa, and chicory, at a tutu.
derable saving to themselves. But in order to avoid
every suspicion of having an interest in thsi,e prorerd.
ings of the workpeople, he dt.termined to have
nothing to do with the practical cppliettioa of
own idea. Those who were able to join this
" phalanstery" met together and elected their esp.
tains—for there is the most absolute democrat). m
this little military order of socialists—and thCr iecre-
tary. Each captain has fourteen persqcs, nails aril
female, in his troop, and in the milts there are twe,%l
divisions, so that the number of persons, eenersiy
heads of families, bandd together in ttvs way,
amounts to 168. The mode in which the plan
carried out is this : the secretary is previer! with a
number of ruled and printed forms, one of sclieh he
deposits at the beginning of the week with the cap.
taro of each division, who goes round to each num wr
of his troop and marks down the order of the week,
aa in the following table, which is a mere:* copy of
the actual form when filled up with tie names of the
parties and their orders:

SeddonKVIGST (Captain.)
Robinson ........
Kt
Davits
Hearty
Stabs
Janata
tirinialaw
DWI le s
A;tbo
Creaant
Markham
LuarCla
Tay iur

K.V.GEIT (Captain).

II 1 G

MID

. 2-7 h

; )1

G M
1

These farms are returned the same day to tat
ral secretary, who tears oft the lower part of ;
where we have drawn the thick ink line, and, au
the twelve together, he then finds the tuts' ord,
the wholesale dealer. This is sent in on Week
and next day, when the cart has delivered a
calicoes, it goes round to the warehouse soil c r
back the supply of goods wanted. Af.; r ;:.t c
stops the captains repair to the secretary, ..
receives the articles ordered by his true • .
upper part of the above form, and delivers r...•
ing the separate articles to each, reeeirietz .•
time the money f.r the order of the ;
" Yon will Fere; ire," says Mr. Morris, ~ •
statement which is row lying before me, • • . •
teaching the workers provident habits to t
always having a week's consumption in LI- ..
of being in debt at the 'shop,' ;;
must pay at least twenty per cent. men
same quality of article, they have also a pc..... .
tage of a penny in every shilling expendei . •
a penny on every seven pence on all ind• ;:
in coffee—making the difference hetwe;
and improvident habits nut fax short of
on these articles."

I am not going to argue the theory cf
tion of industry; that discussion belongs
set of icquiries. But lam bound to -•• •
as I find them. The advantages of • . • tz.
adopted at the Chorlton mills met n
turn. Not to insist any further up:. • •
rid r, salts to the operative—the .
petty traders, the power to go to the best ri
the saving of 10 per cent. on the outlay • ••
fern—the moral results appeared to me •. ,
striking. Springing is the first instance .
master—benefiting in its daily action the worker—
has greatly tended to draw these partite nearer'
titer—to foster a more kindly and fraternal fe: •
between them. It has also produced marer.::'.•
among the men themselves. The ultimate .
in this little democracy look with as keen ar. e •:. ...
their captains and secretary as the sturdiest .
ever watched the popular rulers of his nation. \
men have suffered so often from trust in men of •
own order, that they are naturally suspicious—ar . -
wonder. In the Chorlton mills this evil feeli:
being gradually removed. Those who have char:,
these outlays perform their duties with an or:.,
faithfulness, and promptitude which is goinz. .
way to restore that confidence which has bee-
fully shaken. This is one of the happiest
am far from thinking it yet complete: mot—
in the integrity and wisdom of oar fellow-being- .•
of the easiest things in the world to distarh—thenl.,:.
difficult to restore. But the work is in inn
can only be through a long series of exper: -
which the affairs of the working classes sz-c
ministered by men of their own order, s ` ••.:
aims and clean hands, that that harmony et ; •
and unity of action can be cbtained which
reformer wishes to see brought &Lout a 3 t:te e.
stone to an improved condition of things.
W. le. ..

Tae ATLANTIC, West, trailed from Livcrpoll
terday forenoon for New York, with alma ps..‘sec!z,:
and a heavy cargo.
TILE WHITSUNTIDE HOLIDAY-MATZEE4 M
cuzsren.—The enormous number of 2112,0, .
the different stailms in Manchester durin;
week, against Idi),UJJ last year, and 116,000 El i•t*"..

. •
TUB LON1)ON ASSOCIATION TOP. l' Xi. i I:• •,N
we memberserino waso this
el;y association
tlWn l yttwenald attended.—G. --"Oa.IE Cotton'':". • fo''•
THADE.—Yesterday the annual general me tint •
the chair.—Mr. T. Blakeman, the secretary, teed
of the committee of management, which congritulatil to..
members on the improved and important posltion the ~•:.••
ciation had maintained ; on the number of ito matte:,
the confidence rep,sed in it. by the trading comet ~t. :s •
the metropolis" and many of the manufacturing rt.s.i
cial towns, and upon its increasing ability to ail r
supporters the assistarce and protection it was esta!,..she.
render. Since November, 1845, subscriptions la.- •• L• ••• '
ceived from 1,245 traders ; and 23 honorary men` ,:r• •• • •
been elected. Thore had been a rapid iteresse of t ~•. •••
in the debt collecting department. Daring the y •
and up to the 27th instant, 0,330 persons were wrvten
payment of debts due to membc rs, and though the
bority of debts sent in for collection were deem, I t•
ad or of a very doubtful character, payments hal •..•
tallied amounting to 8,0131. N. 9d., in addition ; • a:+•••'
considerable sum had no doubt been paid to m,h.t•eis
venally, that through inadvertence or accident hst
notified at the office. The results of all appo.a., ;,::
settlement of debts had been duly registered, thus o •••
a timely caution and valuable information to so •,,11.•.,
when credit was required from them. The conatu:;:e, tt.l
petitioned in favour of the bill for the improv.inem •:•••'
bankruptcy law and the extension of the "
county courts. They had established and cont.m.e.i
friendly correspondence with nearly every trade iloteeti
society in the United Kingdom, an interchange was tire')
effected of much useful information: the praemis
CO6lllll=l of swindlers were more fully and prom, ti. es_
posed—trades, both in the metropolis and in the er..,••••,st
towns, received intimation of all fraudulent attempts. ~,
thus, by means of mutual cooperation, Butch
portant information possessed by each society, 'Al'''.
available for the general good of ail traders who '.••••••t:
their supporters. From the statement of account.
pealed that the receipts were 1,1191. IN. 7,1..
there was a balance in the hands of the bankers of
Mr. Beale called to the attention of the meeting teat t"'
amount of debts collected during the last year wa.s.,to• : .
many of these had been considered as bail debts.
had been made during the year. The retail eenuo. . .sty,: s
London suffered m by bad debts than ills.), did •1•1•••'::
taxes which had been laid upon them, and t grti
incubus which oppressed the trading society was •i•stL'Y
borne. If the traders would work with the 50.;..).,1-s1
would find that they would be the means of ear,r.:
amount of debt. The report was agreed to.—)ls •Is
then an aced a resolution, that the progress et the
was highly creditable to the management of the comas. we
which was aimed to.

Al' LON ZUBASSY.

on the Kers.)
troaieks of the year, 1850, the
is Looks from so distant a state
ire amongst its principal (masts.
tint frontier of India, ham the
I„iis)ss, the Rajah of NLPACL has
wan oriental tuagnitiosnoo, oat
tbasodurs to Queen Imam. In
roosolcion for our rupture With
'"erica and the Elyse, Bourbon
d ab intion our friendship, the
istdoo entreats our favour and
Let us, then, endeavour
is authenticaily known of this

iproprily bo called the Switzer-
is slersted, mountainous, well
and thinly peopled by a hardy
ig:y atacbed to their paor cam-
inderendence, and their own
a lang narrow pirallelogram,
red miles in length, and scarcely
'.:b. Towards the north it is
,sy As and Toihzt ; to the month,
c as•igntd to onr ally on the
raa war, aid by thane portion
'A high lie within the

jai and contain some
t:iets ; to the east it is sew
,own regions of Bhotau by
)f country which, until lately,
of ,itxlitat, but which is now,
2t to be, annexed to our tern-
e. it is separated froth the Pan-
,4 country principally taken
'.hoorkas during or after the
t-13. Ia temperature Nepaul
I.ev,ition cool and healthy;
:tweets the Himalayas on
.pur and surrounding jungle in
may parts fertile and well
:y being not a little caused by
tick, flowing from the northern
num it on their way to the
of such natural advantages,
means a rich or highly mvi-
te relation which it even now
a i. probably not unlike that
SNOand bore to the southern
r. ntury and a half ago.
e Nepalese that their country
red ty the various foreign peo-
nes. have over-run the rest of
are followers of BRAHMA,
: and as it was with their
f the most :earned Bribable
oft from leboareden meow
b..ble oat the belief while
rial the deposit el the
S-cterit manuscripts, may
n in fen. Its population
Lir as Europeans have the
opinion, homogeneous; but,
0 be the prevailing race ; and
.1, is India have at last taught
r trne worth. As soldiers the
r unrivalled in Hindostan ,• to
icktown i they fight hand to
to heroism ; and have,
men:•, become the most Tabs-
.': army. They are small In
eeeeding four feet in height;
and enduring in frame, as
in spirit. For the Scpoys
contempt ; refuse to be
• wi.ti them ; and speak of
these, brave and hardy little
,;ready some fire or six irre-
w.tvite ; and it was only the
bulkirs up and disbandon-
:ar regiment, one of these ins-
et; ted into' retiment of the line;
wiil show. In all our late
,:eas distinguished themselves
nnhsppy Swan Sow AR
..t throne of Cabool, he
.:ewe fcr his body guard,
re.riment of them had the
. ;.. . I nth Sir Itonitut SALE.
. • only one defect: it is

. • 7.4 the Nepaulese have
• t on two occasions been
t.t. • • •hem : once when Crave
:o •c: • !...ki,th of Nei. tut from the
• .• r '• s at.d feudatories ; and
• • : • wi.en oar hostilities rose to
:: ear. At this latter period the
• , ~sts had brought their iron-
of our ally, the: N.swers
the protected Sikh states.
disputes arose as to bounda-
sae from time to time accommodated,
n manner as to encourage the Ghoorkes
on tae British government the impres-
r aimed at still larger territorial aggree-
;dually the Nepaulese laid claim to
Sheanj : this claim was, however, re-
-ration, but, when the evidence before
• nes going strongly against them, the
• tmissiaten withdrew from the
:_d shortly afterwards their Rove-
: on the disputed territory. This
N,:ea.b,r, 1814, produced war • a single,
campaign, however, produced its
Itdia—submission; and in December,
ot peace was signed at Segowlfry by
-new and the agents of the %JAIL
,•5, not 0017 was the disputed territory
.arp adjacent districts were ceded to
:ffertmeet, and seenrity taken for the
alike. In addition, the Rajah of
.-•ed not to take any British, European,
into his service without the per-
•t hrilish government, and to receive a
• t Katmandoo.
.• :trial of this treaty that our relations
..::e regulated; unlike most of our
-• er :Inquests, it leaves, with a single
• tart just wationed, freedom of politi-
N That state is neither sub-
: - t nt:aat on, the government of India;
..tel it its ex:ernal alliances and us-
administration; it owes us no
• -• trileve, receives from us no con-
-: ie libtrty to form what friendships
in our opitfon, very much be-
from our trammel', Nepaul hes,
-r = ted at peace with the Indian g0:.(!....ver
:.(!....ver other parts of India have been
:. et of uneasiness, of movements,
• a.et:lnge in Nepaul, as significant as
.:c ~ in 1713; but it would be unfair
-.nous hostility from these, but very
had realdents at the court of
r ray able and intelligent men.
Mr. MAIM., an anecdote is
tt same light on the character of a
•• know b 3 little. When Lord
froavneded to the hills, Mr.
mNepaul to meet the Governor-
.: suer, remarked, that he left the
ea.ct aec.mpanied him on the oppo. Juno, sad when the fact was noticed
• . as, that if he allowed his followers
• • in India • greater man than
• tt:•ei. over them would be destroyed.
n' ..v precise object of the mission from
••••••reitting country has not as yet
„ etabablv, partly complimentary
• ..tv- by a (Waite preserve that inch

.% dear to the Nepaultne
i and
,r(., warmly bat think, is threatened
Progress our arms and our diplomacy
• •• ' • and the west of their state.
• "••
i A?. ;e it may, it is a mission that de-
•,ed with all dm honour and respect,
1,„ :tnni thesnerificee it involves on itsmem-
•' '.• s'neeeity and earnestness which it
" "`• of the presents it brings foe her
aui with which it is said to be sur-
&Lent and high civilisation of its
• ' '...aot benefit.' *sight of England
• are all probably exaggerated in
4: a" Yet rives, bat it
is not the less on
•
the repreeentatives of the Rajah of
received with honour and respect
• • Ler alnkiters and subjects.

r Guatris COWS forward, it ia
hr tt4 A-smack of Parttatwath, at th•

rilF NE"
•,•3 Chr4
'•••
for*
‘•
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cl
• 8 teabaeo
..."".:.cd tvm
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ree a"
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• 9 iv Let Ual
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its
• '^. film it is
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•-• . 11,:11)
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• ' the
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t
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it: mtc
• •
. ferttit:y
. •
in 9i
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nt
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