The Express.
London, England, 1857-09-19 00:00:00

DR. LIVINGSTON IN GLASGOW.

On Wednesday, at one o'clock, the freedom of the
city of Glasgow wee promoted to Dr. Liriagston, in the City
which was monied to excess. The chair was taken by
the Loan PROVOST, who Al accompanied to the platform
by the magistrates and councillors.

TRSTINONIAL TO OK. LIVINOSTOSI.
• inssling yea bald in the evening, at seem o'clock. la the
City which was again crowded to meets, for tht=
pose of imemating Dr. Livinptes with the money
nisl which, it will be reoullected, was set on foot in spring.
The Lord Provost, who occupied the &sir, was accomptakad
to the platlorm by s numerous body of the nowt influential
citizens, including the committee under whose auspiors the
testimonial was subecribed to.
. . . . .

The Loan riiiivoar, in a few introductory words, having
introduced Use subject,
Baffle )(ANNAN, altar dwelling upon the indomitable
spirit mad mew which at the outset raised Dr. Livingetun
roma the bumble patties of acotton spinner, and eventually,
enabled him to take so pond a position as a miasionary, sod
a sureemfoll and 'demi& explorer of • hitherto unknown
chine, alluded in graceful tenon to the eiretunatancen under
which he was again leaving his country to preach the Gospel
among the heathen, his children remaining behind as a
charge upon the gratitude of the nation. As • mark of the
esteem in which his labours were held by the ciUsens of
Cileagow, in common with the red of the country, • money
testimonial had been maw:riled for, so that, to 'Murals( to
his labours he might do so with a load of anxiety removed
from his mind in regard to his family—this subscription
having been wholly subscribed to by the citizens of Glasgow,
unaided by any otMir diet rims. Hattie Hannan concluded
his teen•rt amid much applause, by presenting Dr. Livingston
with a cheque fur 2,0801, am the result of this subscription.
Dr. Ltviscutiros, in expressing his acknowledgments,
hoped that his future laimurs would be prosecuted with in-
creased vigour. now that ell anxiety was removed with re-
gard to his children, whom he was leaving behind. He elan
took ociwion to remark that an INTODNOUti impression Sp-
hav e got abroad that the swim's presentation. be
peered
(0
heady received (Dome of which, by the way, ho had
never Mud of himself), and the rofita of his forthcoming
book, *cod him in the position of- requiring nothing more.
This, he amused them, woe not the maw ; for the profits of
his book ware likely to be reduced, owing to the
maser in which screed pemona had taken pos-
session of a number of hie teeters, and • made up
books out of them, thus doing their best to free
hies from the pram of his own work. He also stated that,
owing to • fear that some of the subsaibees to the fonds of
the Missionary Society might nut cormider his
labsors as bearing so directly on Christian enterprise as ho
himself did, be bed not drawn any of his .alary for 1867; so
th,t altogether the present testimonial was most acceptable
sad timely. After reiterating his heartfelt thanks, Dr.
Livingston proceeded to give an interesting and humorous
re,spormi of his travel., illustrating his remarks by reference to
• large map of Africa.
Revolutions, to the effect that Dr. Livingston, by his ad-
venturous travels, had opened up a elide timid fur the diffu-
sion of civilisation and the extension of commercial enterprise,
and also for the diffusion of gospel knowledge, having been
paned, the pomading, terminated.

WAIT OF SOLDI/111 IN INDIA.—The Indian
government Is laminar every serve to collect the t7Z within Ito meek The UM& states that "the Pottloger,
=Vs small riling vowel have be teat beck to the
V
enemy another wing of the Red, *troop of
aettlimmi, end • v&rg of the 4th to Bom Ceptein Grit,
lithe Joann. Ls. bwm despatched to the Cape with the
Chum, the blattno, end the Eoglend, Knew Mips of 1,000
tow wen. The Himalaya ha. elm been mat tram Calcutta
to the Cape

Cbe expreoo.

Anrtuswat. tiiiideiTc,77faTti;..W.-aa—a6 1.4.1.4 miff.
sow be at Ur Mo. i% Sat glirg.trat. by Two oClook ce taw
671 pablihwilwo.

TLINIT.
Ter I..rm. TUX WHUAOM,IO FOIL I,OAXDAL. Sawa Heim
Illr FIIOTPO Beekressa..o4 Ozaptos ; Kra
tvo Ferstsr,_sad 1144. z.—A CHIWIrt ere*
—Asa THZ RDA exTrMil—o.mise•l T.

Tom Irmrise. BIRD IS TUB BAND. IMemea Psalm,
ibmak, soT
MIXOTIIstb d Bideßomb ; MI. Obatman sod NM M. noras.—THß
081 /MIT d-12LIR TR4TIALT
mai Delmors.—And TB' mai M 111/10111111 •Nimesm mi

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
tun D. —Waratat, 20. lb.
Tweassw—Karidag. Altinirm 175.

LONDON, SATURDAY, SRPT. 19.

Ax experiment—we learn from the last letter of
one Bombay correspondent—is being tried in India
the result of which will be looked for in this country

and throughout Europe with anxious expectation.
In consequence of a requisition from Calcutta, the
17th and 27th Madras Native Infantry, the Bth Ma-

dras Native Cavalry, and a company of Native Artil-
lery (with native drivers), have been embarked at
Madras for Bengal. The loyalty of our Madras army
is about to be put to a severe test—a test to which, it
is evident, it has been deemed unsafe to subject the
army of the sister Presidency in the Deccan. " I
direct your attention," writes our correspondent,

to the significant fact that no Bombay native
troops have yet found their way to the mutiny of
Delhi, or been employed out of the Presidency."
Events may show that we have been mistaken ;

but we confess we are sanguine in our expectation
that the Madras army will stand the test. It is in

composition and character essentially different from
the armies of either of tho other two Presidencies.

In the Bengal Infantry, in 1852, of a total of 83,946
men, 12,690 were Mahometana, 26,983 Brahmins, and
27,335 Ragpoots. In the Bombay Infantry, in the
same year, of 25,938 men, 1,920 were Maho-
, =tans, 6,928 Brahmins and Itajpoots, end
8,037 Mahrattas. Whereas in the Madras Infantry,
still in the same year, of 44,191 men there were
only 2,037 Brahmins and Ragpoots, sod 452 bfah-
raft's ; and, though there were 15,790 Mahometans,
three were mixed up with (so-called) Gentoos, of
whom 16,590 were of Telinga, and 4,792 of Tamil

race. It is evident from this statement that in the
Bengal and Bombay armies the least loyal cuter or
races bear a much larger proportion to the whole
than in the Madras army. But our opinion, that
the Madras army will be found more trustworthy
at this crisis than the armies of either of the other
Presidencies, rests upon other considerations besides
those of mere caste or race.

The profession of soldier, like every other profes-
sion in India, is in a great measure hereditary. The
Bengal army was originally composed of soldiers
who had been trained in the armies of the native
Princes of Ilindostan, and is still recruited from the
descendants of such soldiers. The traditions of the
Bengalarmy have scarcely anything in them that iden-
tities it with their English rulers. The Bengal Sepoys
cherish the remembrance of times when, under native
chiefs, they enjoyed much greater licence and far
higher consideration than they enjoy under the Eng-
lish Government. From a mistaken notion of the best
way to conciliate their affections, the Bengal Sepoys
have had much that they have inherited from old
times in respect of discipline, tolerated and connived
at. To the anti-English spirit which has thus
been developed and strengthened in their
ranks, we owe in a great degree the present
mutiny. We do not mean by this that intrigue and
conspiracy have not been at work among them ; bat
simply that, but for the circumstances to which we
have adverted, the intriguers and conspirators would
have found it much more difficult to debauch the
whole of the Bengal Army.
The condition and character of the Bombay Army
are essentially different. The far greater part of
the territory of the Bombay Presidency is of compa-
ratively recent acquisition, and its army—on its pre-
sent scale—is of equally recent origin. The Bombay
army is as yet too young for the esprit-de-
corps to have impressed upon it a decidedly peculiar
character of its own; and it is composed of most

heterogeneous materials. More than one-third of
the whole army are Mahrattaet and of the remain-
ing two-thirds the greater part is composed of
recruits from Ilindostan—from the same classes of
which the Bengal army is almost entirely made up.
The reduction of the Mahmttas is yet too recent for ,
their soldiers to have acquired a traditional loyalty
to their regimental colours; and the men recruited
from the Deccan sympathise with the Bengal
Army. We think we can trace the results of this
composition of the Bombay Army in recent events.
It lacks that esprit-de-corps which has made the
army of Bengal rime in mutiny like one man. But
it contain, within it elements hostile to British rule
which are easily wrought upon. To this we owe the
partial mutinies which have already taken place,
and shall owe those which there is but too much
reason to fear arc yet to follow.
The Madras Army has, unlike the Bombay Army,
a very marked character of its own ; and this cha-
racter differs materially from that of the Bengal Army.
The lint nucleus of the Madras Army was formed
long ago, of soldiers who had little or no intercourse
with the armies of the native I'rinces of Hindostan.
The original territory of the Madras Presidency was
in a great measure isolated from Hindortan proper. On
the north-cast it was separated from Bengal and Behar
by an impracticable, hilly, jungly region, thinly in-
habited, and for the most part by savage tribes of
Aborigines. From Mysore to the Nerbudda, &large
portion of the country above the Chants was occu-
pied by the Mahrattaa ; and the same ram
held possession of a broad belt of country,
which shut out the NIZAII'D territories from
Central India, and extended as far west as the
almost uninhabited mountain region which separated
Madras from Bengal and Behar. This impracticable
country and the Mahrattas together acted ea a cordon
sanitaire to preserve the Deccan from the contagion
of the politics of Hindostan. The social diseases of
the Deccan were all itaown. The NIZAD had pre eti-
; eally thrown off his allegiance to the MOGCL.
HYOID and Tn'roo openly set the MOGUL at defi-
i &nee. The native Princes in the extreme south
of the Peninsula had ceased to have any
political relations with the north. The English

at • 244dras and - the native states in their
immediate vicinity formed a political system entirely
apart from that of Minded= and Central India.
They waged war and. contracted treaties among
themselves; they sometimes joined together to resist
the encroachments of the Mahrattu, and sometimes

members of this defensive league would break from
the rest and court the alliance of that predatory con-
federacy. Under such auspices the Madras Army was
diveloped, and from them it took its tone. Its origi-
nal nucleus was a band of faithful and devotedvassals
of the English. Its successive augmentations were
derived from States which had been accustomed
to act in concert with us, and were gradually
absorbed into our dominions. The pressure of
Mahratta hostility continued long enough to con-
firm in the Madras Army a spirit identified with
English interests. The military traditions of the
Madras Army are more English than Indian. It is
this that induces us to repose in the loyalty of the
Madras Sepoya a confidence which we have never
reposed in those of Bengal or Bombay—a confidenos
which recent events have totally annihilated, in so
far as the Bengal army is concerned, and considerably
shaken in respect to the army of Bombay.
With all this confidence, however, it is impossible
to watch without deep anxiety the trial that is about
to be made of the loyalty of the native army of Madras
by sending it into the valley of the Ganges. Much
more may—must—depend upon it than the suppres-
. _
sion

of a gnat mutiny in Bengal. Come what may,
we can never bold India by the exclusive agency of
European troops. If we are to remain masters of
India we must continue to employ large numbers of
native soldiers. Where are we to get them? The
Choorkas are talked of: excellent soldiers, but
limited in number. The Sikhs : they have in gt-
neral conducted themselves well hitherto; but our

experience of them is too short. The Bheels, Jats,
&c. : they are an too low a scale of civilisation to
be efficient alone, or as a large component part of an
army. If the Madras Army continue loyal, we have
there the nucleus of a new army, upon which may
be formed one sufficiently large for our purposes out
of whatever may be found more or less trust-
worthy throughout our Indian dominions. Mutiny
and insurrection are still spreading eastward
through Bengal. They have reached Sagowlie in the
north and Midoapore in the south. It is possible—
a possibility which it would be unsafe to overlook in
our contingent arrangements for the future—that
mutiny and insurrection may spread as far as Dacca
and Ilinagspore. It is possible that WlLsos may be
compelled to fall back upon Umballa, as HAVELOCK
has been compelled to fall back upon Cawopore. It
is possible that the mutinous spirit which has dis-
played itself at the extreme south and at the extreme
north of the Bombay Presidency may break out in
other quarters. A private letter from Bombay in-
forms us that the Marine Battalion there has " re-
rim(' duty." It is on the cards that our possessions
in Bengal and Bombay may be limited for a time to
the Residency Cities. Even though this were to be
_ .

the case in all the three Presidencies, we know well
enough the resources, the courage, and the dogged
perseverance of England to feel assured that we shall
yet reconquer India. With these three pieds-j-terre,
and our navy, we can and shall do it, even though
driven to such an extremity. But if the Madras
Native Army keep staunch—as we hope and believe
it will—our labour will be immensely lightened, let
things go how they will in Bengal and Bombay.

The Calcutta papers received by the present mail
make no distinct mention ofthe return of Gen. Have-
lock to Cawnpore. Has might be accounted for by
_ _

that the Calcutta papers were pub-

Hailed on Saturday, the Bth of August, and the Intel-
ligence may have been received between then and
the 10th, when the mail left Calcutta. The mail,
however, brings news from Madras to the 17th which
says that General Havelock had to fall back on
Cawnpore owing to the ravages of cholera amongst
bia forces, and could not advance till he received re-
inforcements. The letter from General Havelock's
camp of the Ist of August seems to have been
written after this backward movement.

fbt court.

BALMORAL Bff7. 17.

The Queen drove out yesterday afternoon,
accompanied by the Princess Alice and Prince Arthur.
Lady Churchill and Earl Granville wen In attendance.
The Prince Colman went upon the bill deer stalking.
The Pricers Royal walked out attended by the Has.
Plots Ilsedonald. . _

-
The dinner patty In the evening included the Duchess of
Kent, Lord and Lady Jame Murray, and Lady Augusta
Bruce.

Prinoe Alfred, attended by Lieutenant Cowen, arrived at
Buckingham Palace yesterday afternoon from Osborne. The
Prince took Ids departure in the evening for Balmoral.

The Chancellor of the Rechequer left town yesterday for
Herptewoourt, Radnorshire.
Despatches were received at the Colonial-odice yesterday
from the Governor of Vancouver's bland. Despatches were
sent yesterday to the Governor of Canada.

THE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE AT CHALONS.

In a letter from Chilone, of the 17th September,
published in yestwday's Nexitear, it Is said His Royal
Highness the Duke of Cambridge, accompanied by Colonel.
Lord Burgbenth, Clifton, and Maude, hie aides-de-camp,
arrived at the camp thie morning at half-past eleven. The
prince was received at the Mounnelon terminua by General
Fleury, Al). C., first ecuyer to the Emperor, end was
weed by the squadron of his Majesty's Cent-Haydn. Him
royal highness is to spend a few days with the Emperor, and
be present at the grand manoeuvres that are about to ensue.
General Lord Cardigan has afro come at the invitation of his
Majesty, and has established himself at the imperial head-
quarters. In the course of the day, the Emperor and the
Duke of Cambridge, accompanied by his Excellency Marshal
Valliant and Colonel Clifton, passed through all the camps.
The prince was the object of most sympathetic manifesta-
tions on the part of the troops."

SOUTHAMPTON, FRIDAT.—His Royal Highness
Prince Alfred, attended by Lieutimant Cowell, landed in the
docks this morning from her Melody's yacht Fairy, en routs
for the royal residence at Balmoral. His Royal Highness was
received on landing by Mr. P. Hedger and Mr. J. Levy.
The Right lion. the Dowager Cotuitess Nelson,
has generously given the handsome rum of 1,0001. towards
the erection of a new church at Lend/Led In the county of
Wilts, the old edifice having been taken down and removed
in consequence of aim nil dilapidation and its affording in-
sufficient seat room for the inhabitants. The new building
is to afford accommodation for one hundred and twenty-nis-

adults and fifty-four whorl children, the population -of the
parish brunt about two hundred and fifty. The estimated
cost of the edifice is 1,4901.

We regret to announce the death of the Earl of
Buchan, which took place in London on Sunday morning
last. The late earl succeeded hie uncle, the eleventh earl, in
1829 and had attained his 74th year in July hut. His
lordship is succeeded in the title and a portion of the estates
by his third sou, David Stuart, Lord Denham. The estate
of Dryburgh and Holmes descends to the Honourable Yrs.
Biber, diluent" and only surviving child of the We earl's
eldest eon, Henry Lord Cardross, who died in 1836.—Jakis
Bull. . _

Earl korteseue bas gone to Tunbridge Wells to
join the noble Countess. who has slaked Tunbridge for the
bmt of her health—rod, we (Western nines) are glad to
hear, successfully.
We ( Carlisle Journal) understand that in con-
sequence of the precariona state of Ledy Graham's health, it
is highly prebable that Sir James Graham will be unable to
attend the Exhibition of the East Cumberland Agricultural
Society which takes piece to-day.
Mr. John Bright, M.Pos now residing at Roch-
dale, and is reported to be still improving in health. The
Hon. A. Gordon. M.P., is on a visit to the hen. member for
Birmingham, and bee teen paying a series of visits to the
huge manufactories and worluse in the neighbourhood.