The Express.
London, England, 1868-01-15 00:00:00

IFEBOAT SERVICES.—During the storms i
.114 ot the present year the National Lifeboat bathetic') has
contributed to the laving of 1.027 Ilya from various shipwrecks
ono id vessels from destruction. The Institution also expended
trfeaSS In the same period on its lifeboat Fatabliairnents. in
addition to gt,444 for rewards. The Committee et ths
Institution appeal to tits public for asststance to
enable them to meet the continual heavy demands on their 186
Lifeboat Establisbments.
Contributions will be thankfully received by the London and
country bankers. end by the Sorr!tfdy, 'MIK Bat. at
the Institution, la Johnetreet, Aiwa; London.

PARIS EXHIBITIC
JOHN BROG:

ON FIRST-CLASS SW
IDEN'S VALUAT

SKR MEDAL, 1867.
fION of GOLD.

21 carats ins, Is 18serats..13 3 Se 9 Wats .. Al 11 10
worth ..34 4 111 17 carats.. 3 0 8 carats .. 831
per ounce. 16 carat.. 216 n 7 carats .. 4 0
23 carats.. 41 5 Ucayali— 2LS 1 6 meta .. 1
21
22 carats (Deitch 14 carats.. 2961 6 carats .. 17 8
standartl) 317 101 13 ousts.. 26 0 4 carats 14 2
21 carat.. 314 4 12 carats.. 2284 8 carats .. 10 71
20 carat II 10 91 11 carat.. 118 11 2 carats .. 7lr
t 9 =rata.. 37 3 10 carats.. 116 1 carat .. 3 6
Manufactory, 16, Heurtettsatryst, Covent-garden, Loudon, C.

REAKFAST.-EPPB'S COCOA

ght evortoo.

TO COLIESOYON DINTS.
Averllneseede Weeded for " The Irese." Loa= Volloll
sat b• at the Mee, 10, Bmvert•4Bl.oo,
by Two
rE en tio day of

-
HATMANSEL
TIIIS ERRING, FAMILY JAILS.—A WIFE WELL WON.
Masan. Sothern. littekstowe, Howe, Kendal, tones, Braid, Wes.
thersby, tre. ; and Mho Itobertaon.—Atter which AN LITTER
FERA ERSION OF THE BRlOAND.—Commenee at 7.

PRINCESS'S.
TRH MIRING, nu: COLLEEN; HAWN. Mr. and lira Dion
Boacicautt.—After which THE STREETS OF LONDON. Mr.
Ming, Mews. Murray, nhoro, Neville. Forrester, Mellon, Re. ;
Misses &worthy, K Barlett. Rachel Sanger, and Mrs. Addle.
the

I.D.
Evtnnro, OLD SALT. Mr. Emery and Miss Belly Moore.
r—After which THE CALIPH OF BAODAD. Messrs. Thorne
and James ; Mesdames Ada Awanborough, Johnstone, Harland,
Holt, rte.—And Otilt D rtIESIILS.

HOLBORN.
EVRIfiNG, VTR FLYING itCVD. Mews. Atkins, Price,
Ganlen, Arthur, We Gaud, and Wilinott Mesdames lienrade,
00°441, Lennox, awl Saunders—ennelatie with VALENTINZ
AND ORSON. Sidlie. Hunter°. LitUe Rowella,dx.

BRITANNIA.
TUI ETTarra, DON QUIXOTE OR, RANCHO PANZA AND
HIS DT. TERLZA. Mrs. Lane, &Mimes Edwin& Booth
tomirnists Messrs. Deane, Loais, Newham, and Vlctorelll ; Mdlla
C. Stephan and Miss Rose Nathan.—And WHO DID IT?

HIGH WATER AT WNDUN BRIDGI.
TES DAY —WoruhoL slt 54m—.Afternona. Ch. 17e.
ChlioßiOw—Mornlng, Ott. 418t......A1tern00n, Hu 15ot.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 15.

IT becomes daily more and more apparent that,
unless some effectual attempt be speedily made for
the purpose of placing the present work of relief in
East London on a sounder and more satisfactory
footing, the state of affairs among the employed
will soon afford a bitter exemplification of the
manner in which the benevolent assistance of the
public can be rendered a curse instead of a blessing.
The numerous painful accounts which have re-
cently been given respecting the magnitude of the
distress, and the deplorable condition to which
large numbers of the unemployed have become re-
duced, have at last fairly awakened the practical
sympathy of the public, and a very considerable
amount of money is daily being received by the
leading relief organizations, the East London Mis-
sion and Relief Committee obtaining by far the
largest share. Yet the actual pressure of the
distress appears to keep peas with the increasing
liberality of the public. The greater the exertions
to relieve the prevailing destitution the more for-
midable, the more appalling become its proportions.
Nor is this to be wondered at, considering the
numerous inducements held out to the unemployed
workman to become a recipient of charity. There
are at the present moment in the East of London
some eighty or ninety different relief and benevo-
lent associations and committees, some of a per-
manent, others of a temporary nature. Many of
these are held at public-houses, and are seldom
heard of beyond the imnexliate locality in which
they aro established. Then there aro numerous
clergymen and dissenting ministers who habitually
receive subscriptions and donations fret dirtribution
amongst the poor in their respective neighbour-
hoods—a system especially popular with ministers
who seek to till the various places of worship
over which they preside with attendants, no
matter whether they are bribed or persuaded
to be present. All these things tend to perpe-
tuate and increase the evil of pauperism. The
great bulk of the assistance afforded through these
channels is given away without exacting anything
in return from the recipients, too many of whom
thus become imbued with a love of idleness, ending
in that well-known habitual disinclLiatior, to seek
fug re* which; imam Each a strong characteristic
of the regular pauper. As might be expected, this
special description of demoralization is proving
extremely contagious. In one of the East-end
parishes, where relief is being indiscriminately
doled out by those who have become the almoners
of the public, the influx of poverty-stricken
population, tempted by the bait thus of-
fered, has been so large, that the owners
of house property in the neighbourhood have
latterly increased their rents very conider-
ably—a circumstance which affords a significant
commentary on the present system of relief. In
fact, the greater portion of East London is rapidly
becoming completely pauperised. All feeling of
self-respect, energy, and love of self-reliance are
being thoroughly rooted out from among large por-
tions of the artisan population, and we are rapidly
approaching a state of affairs assimilating to that
existing before the dissolution of the monasteries,
when the monks, taking upon themselves the relief
of the poor, found themselves surrounded by ever-
increasing ignorant, superstitious, and pauperised
multitudes. In Hackney, one of the wealthiest
parishes in all East London, there are about 15,000
houses on the rate-books, exclusive of the com-
pounds, some 4,000 in number, which latter are
inhabited chiefly by the poor. In the same parish
there are upwards of 7,000 paupers in the work-
house, stone-yard, in receipt of out-door relief, &c.,
so that every two householders in Hackney have
between them to support one pauper. Each week
the burden becomes heavier and heavier, the
weekly expenditure increasing in due propor-
tion ; yet there is nothing substantial to
show in return for all the enormous trouble
and expense to which the ratepayers are being put,
save here and there, it may be, some hundred tons
of broken granite. It is to be feared that the
recent circular, embodying the excellent sugges-
tions offered by Mr. Corbett, issued by the Poor-
law Board to the various East-end parishes, will
receive but little attention generally from the
guardians, who are becoming extremely jealous of
the repeated interference of the Whitehall authori
ties. Still, something must be done. During the
past few days hundreds of East-end streets, particu-
larly in the Isle of Dogs, have been—with the excep-
tion of those in Bethnal-green—literally impassable,
in consequence of their muddy condition ; yet, with
all the many hundreds of able-bodied men con-
stantly lounging about, no attempt whatever has
been made to remedy this inconvenience, save by
means of the orthodox scavenger. This is a serious
state of things, to say the least. There can be no
possible doubt that from the want of a proper cen-
tral organization, with systematically arranged
district committees, a large proportion of the
money so promptly and so unreservedly furnished

by the public is being
much of the remainder
buted in a manner which
petuato instead of diminishing the amount
tress. A few more practical schemes like that of
increasing the size of the bathing lake in Victoria-
park are sadly required. There is also, notwith-
standing all that has been done of late years,
plenty of room for further sanitary improvements
in East London. The drainage of the Hackney
marshes would afford work for thousands, and
nitimstely recoup, with good interest, all ex-
' ',eases. But there is no one to take up these
matters. There has been some talk respecting the
probability of the Poplar shipyards resuming
work before long, but the wish appears to be
father to the thought, for at present there cer-
tainly exists very little probability of the ship-
building trade speedily regaining anything like its
olden prosperity. The introduction of the co-
operative principle among the shipwrights and
ironworkers has been suggested, but its adop-
tion requires both time, money, and tact,
to say nothing of a large amount of expe-
rience
in organization and administrative
ability. Of course, under efficient leaders
a scheme for building ships by means of 00-opera-
tion might, and we think would, prove a success,
but as yet the leaders have not been found. The
artisans, fortunately too, have sufficient good sense
to perceive that there exists a wide difference be-
tween the management of a co-operative store and
the establishment of a great concern, necessitating
the employment of a large number of hands, asps-
clay in a trade where the union rules are ex-
tremely strict, and during a time when business is
unusually bad. In Bethnal-green the Employment
and Relief Association is doing good work, afford-
ing
an example which might be profitably studied
by the other East-end relief associations. It is
based on the principles asserted by the Daily News
some three years since, to the effect that employ-
ment should always be found, where practicable,
for the poor, rather than that they should become
recipients of charity pure et simple. Mere charity,
unless wisely bestowed, has an inevitable tendency
to pauperise the receiver, and it is to guard as
much as possible against this danger that the
Bethnal-green Association, of which the Rev. Sep-
timus Hansard must be considered the presiding
spirit, has been formed. Already, as before
hinted, the streets of Bethnal-green, notoriously
amongst the most dirty in all London, have begun
to assume a clean and tidy aspect, eminently sug-
gestive of what might be effected in other parts of
the metropolis, but the funds of the association,
despite of Miss Burdett Coutts's discriminating ge-
nerosity, are far too limited to admit of the street-
sweeping experiment being tried to the fullest.
The stone-breaking portion of the scheme has also
proved successful, although at first the men, not
understanding the real position of the association,
refused to work for less than half-a-crown per
day. They are paid 2d. for each hour that they
are at work, and an additional sum of
4d. if four bushels, and of 6d. if six
bushels of stone have been broken by them
during the day. The hours of work are from eight
to four. The rate of pay may seem low, but it is
the highest which the association can afford, and
there are hundreds of men who would rather have
a shilling earned in this manner than receive it as
an actof charity. The men employed in wheeling
and shovelling are paid 3d. per hour. To some this
kind of work may seem degrading, but the real
artisan considers it far less so than the practice of
continually receiving sums of money for which he
returns nut the shadow of an equivalent. Some
of the mon procure their dinners at the cook-
ing depot recently opened in a portion
of the new market buildings erecting by
Miss Burdett Coutts. Here the culinary
arrangements are among the most extensive ;
clean, and perfect in London, making one regret
that the depot is a temporary, not a permanent
affair. Perhaps its success may induce Miss Coutts
to arrange for its being permanently retained,
especially when it is considered how useful it must
prove to the pourer classes frequenting the market
when opened. The prices of provisions at the
depot are extremely low, only allowing a slight
margin for profit, end have already attr.ltted a
large number of customers. Amongst those in the
aiuing-room at the time of our visit were two lads,
who each had a basin of hot soup before him.
Asking one why he came to the depot, he replied
that he had heard of it, addingthat he could here get
a better basin of soup for three-halfpence than at the
shops for twopence, to which the second added, "and
we ain't no fools neither." Hero is the whole
philosophy of the matter. Unless we wish to
behold the East London poor become completely
dependent on the chance charity of their wealthier
brethren, to become mere beggars, some effort
must be made to prevent the further spread of in-
discriminate charity. The funds now pouring into
East London are, as before stated, amply sufficient,
with the assistance afforded by the parochial
authorities, to afford a fair amount of relief to
every destitute person in East London, but, owing
to the want of organisation, not only are large
numbers of the deserving poor mulcted of their
share of the help intended for them, but "
equally large numbers of undeserving indi-
viduals are making a good time of it, receiving not
merely twice, but even thrice and more times over,
the amount of relief to which they lay claim. l,
Never was cadgerdom in better luck than at
present. The condition of the poor in East Lon- 11
don is as bad as it can possibly be. We have
starvation, misery, and despair in their most
hideous colours, defying the pen of the practised
" sensationalists" to reproduce even in their goes-
monest and least appalling form ; and with this
we have also the knowledge—the more disheart-
ening because it is not new to us—that nothing but
defective organisation, private interests, and petty
jealousies stand between these myriads of poor
suffering creatures and their rescue from the gloomy
abyss into which they have become plunged. For
once London has reason to feel envious of Lance-
, shire.
tons

We (Post) understand that the illness from 1
which Count von der Galt', the representative bf Prussia
at Paris, has been suffering is cancer in the tongue-4
malady which proved fatal to the father of his excellency.
A court-martial was held yesterday on board the
Mersey et Cork, on Captain Morrell sad Lieutenant
Browne, of the Research, for running the vessel on
Daunt's Rock. Evidence was given showing that the
steamer struck not the rook, but the wreck of the City of
New York, which was not officially noticed en the chart.
The defence was that the Ressereh, having secret redoes to
watch certain suspicions vessels, was pursuing the Amer.-
can barque Alaska, and seeing her so near the land, and
apprehending a lending, bore down upon her, and bad to i
approach the rook nearer than it otherwise would. The ,
court did not consider the charge ot negieen proved, and'
acquitted the offloers.
It will doubtless be a long time before Paris has
suck an influx of English visitors as were here last year.
As many as 462,708 *mays were made between England
and Fringe during 1887 ; 902,183 by Oslais ; 152,931 by
Boulogne; 88,294 by Dieppe; sad 19,300 by Havre;
whereas the number that crossed between England and
Belgium, by way of Odra, did net *send 19,707.

MA EDUCATION
The Daily News counsels the government to
watch with oars the proceedings of the oesiaseesse is the
gabled el eimeatise whisk Mdey assembies in Manthester.
The eanditiona of the problem have bees oossiderably
I altered dem ao away oonspionma mientades bare I
miraewledged that their principies are no longer
cable, and it is of the eansisi importune that some
agnisment on the subject should be arrived at. The quire-
' ion se to the nature of the raw power by which
the compulsory clauses of the proposed bill are to be
called into mercies, is me whisk will to the wisdom and
the ingenuity of these who are to gulls the deliberations,
bat the machinery may be eddy left to sari practical
paeans as Mr. Bruce end Mr. Forster. The Daily
lbws pomp& to state the pounds upon which the majo-
rity of those who are practically acquainted with edam-
, Men often*, the system of school fees, and indicates its
own egreement with the objections which are brought
The
grainitsne education.
The Telegraph contends that the bads of any rational
plan must be toed rating plus state grants. The whole
question is eminently practical„ and the 'Gantry expects
much from the gentlemen who are to take part in the con-
forams.

THE DISTRESS IS THE EAST ZED.
The Times describes the difficulties which beset the
treatment of the distress in the east end of London. While
on the one hand there is no doubt as to the extent
and intensity of the distress, we find on the other • oon-
fused and demotalising condition of thinp arising from
the fact that the population have come to think there is
no end to the charity at their disposal. In point of fact
the rate-payers and guardians as well as the paupers have
received the charity of the public', and at the pre
ttent
moment the action of the poor-law is rednoed to the
lowed possible point—en unknown number of charitable
agencies, some Ave committees, besides clergymen and
benevolent gentlemen, distributing money as they think
fit. In Lancashire, where the distress was greater, the
guardians in the first place were called on to distri-
bute a plater amount of relief per head than
is now raised in the Poplar Union. In the next
place, the public benevolence was intrusted to one
influential committee ; and this committee dis-
tributed relief in strict harmony with the poor autho-
rities. Now, could not some gentleman who was familiar
with the system pursued in Lanoashire lend his help to
organise • similar system in the east of London It so
happens that Kr. Corbett, one of the inquisitors for the
London district, was brought here only last year from Lan-
cashire, and his experience ought to be of the utmost value
for the purpose now suggested. First of all, therefore,
let the guardians be required to do their duty. This is,
in a peculiar degree, the Oise of the Poor Law Board.
Lord Devon, it seems, is pursuing a policy of judi-
cious inactivity at Nice ; but, in his absence, the Times
trusts the other members of the board will be alive to the
urgency of the occasion. If the guardians made this
effort, it might possibly be thought proper to assist them
by a rate in aid. The other point lies entirely with the
public. Let one trustworthy committee be established,
and then let the public contributions be, as far as possible,
intrusted solely to them.

lISCILLANY.OI.7B TOPICS.
The Star and the Herald speak of Garibaldi's last letter,
in which he employs Moms language In reference to
Roman catholicism, as one which must astonish and annoy
his admirers. Almost any other reputation, they think,
would have been destroyed by mush compositions.
The Daily News advises the conclusion of a treaty by
which the subjects of all countries should be allowed, on
becoming naturalised citizens of another state in time of
pesos, to renounce citizenship in the land of their birth.
They would then, on rev:siting it, be free from its civil
obligations ; though, on the other band, they would be
liable to the civil disabilities of foreigners. But if when
within its borders they committed a breach of its laws,
they would be liable to trial by the ordinary municipal
law in the same way as if they were still subjects of the
state. Whatever privileges the municipal laws might
accord to all foreigners would be theirs.
As far as the Times can judge, a deliverance of the cap-
tives in Abyssinia must be looked for, not from Theodore
himself, but from his enemies. Should he be totally de
tested, or should he fall a victim to a conspiracy among
his own troops, whom he is said to have so mercilessly
slaughtered at various times, it may be that the prison
doors will be opened, and that a long campaign may be
yet averted. But on this we have no right to build oar
hopes. Every sentiment of prudence counsels as rapid
an advance as possible. When the captives are released,
our only business will be to leave the country, and to
allow its barbarous chieftains to return to their old ways

of 'moray and civil war.
Defending the prosecution of the Irishman, the Times
observes that it would be quite possible to write an iro-
nical article ostensibly in support of the government, and
without • single libellous sentence, yet pregnant with
malignant suggestions of disloyalty and rebellion. It is
equally possible to write articles in themselves innocent,
\ but acquiring • guilty significance from column after
column 41 peoond-band sedition. The legality of this in-
sidious praellee ts DOW to be tested. If the conductors of
the Irishman think Wiper to disavow through their counsel
all disloyal intentions, they may yet do something to re-
lieve themselves from the suspicions of which they com-
plain, and will at least deserve forbearanoe at the bands
L of the government, whatever may be the feelings of their
subscribers. If they objoct to do so, sympathy would be
) wasted upon them.

irfte (curt.

OSBORNE, JAR. 14.

The Queen, and Princess Louise and Princess
Beatrice, drove out yesterday afternoon, attended by the
Duchess of Ito:burghs, and her Majesty walked in the
grounds this morning, attended by the Duchess of
Rosburghe.
Ptinceu Louise, Prince Leopold, and Princess Beatrice
also went out.

Prince Arthur and Prince Christian, attended by Major-
General Seymour end Major Elphinstone, went out shoot-
ing on Monday at Swinley. Major Gore had the honour
of joining the party.
Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-
office from the Governor of the Falkland Wends.

Yesterday evening their Royal Higluteeses the
Prince and Princess Christian and suite arrived at the
Severnake Station of the Berke and Hants Railway by
ordinary train, and drove to Tottenham-hoses, the noble
Best of the Marquis of Allesburr, where it is stated their
royal highness will remain on a visit for a few days.
Prince Christian will enjoy some shooting in &Tanaka
Forest, which is very extensive ' • and the members of the
Craven Hunt entertain the hope that the Trims will
honour them with hie presence in the field before he takes
hie departure from &remake.
Prince Arthur and Prince Christian, attended by
Major-General Seymour and Major Elphinstone, went out
shooting on Monday at rivalry. Major Gore had the
honour of joining the party.
The Duke of Cambridge has left town on a visit
to the Duke and Duchess of Sutherbuid at Trentham,
Staffordshire.
The Duke and Duchess of Marlborough come to
town early in the ensuing month, from Blenheim.
The Marquis and Marchioness of Ailesbury have
been entertaining a mint party at Severna.) Nee* for
eluding Viscount and Viscountess Sydney, Maria Mershirr
nem of Ailesbury, the Earl and Countess of Listowel, Lady
, Herbert of las sad Hen. Mary and Maude Harbert, Lard
Brawn Bruer, Lord and Lady Charles Bruce, Colonel the
Hem Henry sad Mrs. Byng, Mr. Arthur Wellesley, Kr.
\James B. Brudenell Brno*, km
The Countess of Malmesbury intends to stay at
Pea till after Peseta. Her ladyship Is in good heath ;
slam ha Mittel Meese the greatest one is taken to pro
mot a fresh Week.
Raton Triqueti has just completed the first po
*net the swim et inlaid aearble tables= fee the deem-
=Lithe interior walk of the Albert Manorial Chapel at
Own* sad they bass Una tweeted is the plasm
agape& Sea within ties chapel ender the tiara's paw
aatii augusittaa, sad Nil is aaailaar savor a gram a
dial ellaquara fast ulna the aartaaa of lika mania the
laws pestle with their ornamental borders being each
shoe* 11 diet t lashes is length sad 9 fad 8 Wass Wu

• A -
remarks asfollows, on the contributions of the mem-
bers of the House of Hohenzollern towards the alle-
viation of the distrait in Prussia :
Wldlei prints persons have ecustibutsl In a ptinody
way, laving subscribed their 1,000 dollars, the princes have
sabredied like—l mine be eseassel—for I have no word to
expose the comparison. Prince Albert of Prussia has
salissrilwdi 23 thalers, Prince Charles of Prderia 25,
Prince William of llseklsabore, 25 ; the Primers Akan-
&rine of Prussia, 17 ; the Queen Dowager, 200, and the
Lag, up to the present--nothing.
The same letter mentions that an exchange of
correspondence has recently taken place between
an association of pious feudeliati in Pomerania
and Count Bismarck. Some time ago a photo-
graph was exhibited in parts of Prussia in which
the count-minister appears by the side of Mdlle.
Lucca. This was one source of scandal. An-
other was that Count Bismarck did not practice
his religious duties in public as he ought. On both
these points a friendly remonstrance was sent to
him. The Count took the letter in good part, and
a portion of his reply is published :
" Yon recollect," he says, " the treat? of Gastein. I
was there. The negotiations were protracted, time hang
heavily on my bands ; and one morning I took a walk. I
met La Leoca, whom I had known &heady. I asked her
to give a convert, to make time peso and to kill ennui.
' she said, ' but on one condition.' ' What is
I asked, That you will allow yourself to be photo-
graphed with me.' I owned, and hence the carte which
yea allude to. I hardly think it worth while to throw
'seem at me for this."
"Ah ! if you know what nights I spent on my knees
imploring God to inspire me with noble ideas for my coun-
try ; how these sleepless nights exhausted my strength.
Ali! if you knew that my doctor forbade me to go to church
on account of my weakness, you surely would not have
reproached me as you have. It is difficult, believe me, to
redid the powerful sentiment which attracts you to the
temple and to have to say to one's-self I will remain at
home.'"

(uurra's TILZG
FRANCE.

PARIS, JAN. 15.

The Cowstitutiotww/ of this morning announces
the death of hi Louis Boniface, secretary to that
journal, who expired yesterday afternoon.

AUSTRIA.

VIENNA, JAN. 15.

Tho Presse of to-day states that at a council of
the ministers held yesterday, under the presidency
of the Emperor, the budget of the empire was
settled.
The amount required for the expenses of the
ordinary war budget will be 80,000,000 florins, and
for the extraordinary war budget 31 millions.
The DeWitt asserts that the mission of Haider
Effendi is connected with the conclusion of a new
Turkish Loan in London.

NA. .:84ti
• .v , ' • ' I
THE.ai~i~~r►. eteelit.44lo ea •
teriy ;age • 711 2• . IGENCE.
tr '
ii
Ad*
cannot fail to per- ' '" D -*** -43 rt e - MINCES AND
PRUSSIAN MI:NEMER. •
a the amount of clia- au maul" common - . , A letter from Dryden in the AWN,' Netioeia/