The Express.
London, England, 1850-06-27 00:00:00

Ette ellnllo.

OUTGOING MAILS.
The mous for British 24oeth Almeria sod the Melted
States will be mode up tetimittow 'teats&
The Wlll4 India Malls, iooluding Bermuda, Ruvumalt,
Iliasu, Mandan', New Orleans, mid Mettles, sad exeledlni
these for Idadeirs, St. Jun-de-Ntsursgue, New Graards,
pm, will be made up on the "moeuimg of July 1.
Ties soils for MOM", the ]basil, sad Deena A)vos,will
ee wage lap ea the evening of July 4. . •
The sane for Lisboa, opals, and Gibraltar will be nude
so on July 7.
Teo sails vid IdureeMes, to the Mediterranean, Rant,
ylon, toillo, Hong-Kos', *l., will node up do
',minx of July 8.
The sells for Gibraltar, Malta, Gnaw, the kakis lelaudA
&gyp, Coylom, lad* sad Cbims, via flouthusptos, will
.4 made up om the monis; of July O.

MON WATIM AT LONDON =MOIL
11.•••••-ltimila. 4, Na AANDAN,. 4,44 a.

LONDON, THURSDAY, JUNE 27.

Tres Bonn is very angry at the tone and tenour of
the speech delivered upon Tuesday night by Lord
PALMILIPSTON ; and, being very angry, it cannot con-
ceal its vexation. We must say in candour that we
think it him cause. The touo was too calm, the
tenour too simple, direct, and manly to produce any
other impression on our disappointed and defeated
contemporary. The noses had undettaken to get rid
of Lord l'AusEnsroat who has long stood in the way of
its employers. Again and again he was warned to quit
the place they wanted for a crtature of their own;
and repeatedly the wanting was accompanied with
moustached mottoes of the direful consequences to
himself should he refuse to go. Finding at length
that he was determined not to flinch or fly, there re-
mained no other alternative than to destroy his cha-
racter as a miuister and a man.

The attempt has accordingly been made; and the
Times has been the chosen instrument of the cabal.
To it the poisoned weapons were abundantly sup-
' plied. By it they were ekilfully and perseveringly
used. The victim at whom they were aimed uttered
no complaint, changed not his position, and gave
no indication either of resentment, iojury, or en-
feeblement. His enemies gathered new courage,
and their hopes rose high. lie must soon sink now,
overwhelmed and forsaken by holiday friends. The
assault was pressed anew with more vigour and yin-
dictivenees than ever; and the Cossack shout of
triumph was already raised over his fall.
But the forbearance of the man is at length ex-
hausted, and the s feces of the minister is at length
broken. Unscathed by the malignity of which he
had so long been the object, imperturbable in his
consciousness of right, unprovoked by taunts or sneers
or falsehoods into an attitude unworthy of a statesman
vindicating his policy in the lime of parliament and
the world,—the noble lord proceeded to answer one
by one, the charges made against him, and in a man-
ner of which every liberal heart in the realm must be
proud, scattered every accusation to the winds.
A nobler specimen of true parliamentary eloquence
has not been heard in our time. Free from
extrinsic ornament or any traces of that inferior and
more factitious grace which belongs to rhetoric, the
speech of the Foreign Secretary was from first to last
• close and minute statement of fact", with but brief,
and few, but most touching and natural appeals to
the great moral truths whereby the conduct of nations
as of individuals must be judged. Lord PALMERSTON
has never been thought of es an orator; yet he has pro-
nounced the greatest speech that has been heard in
parliament for many yi ars. So true is the ancient
proverb that the great secret of eloquence
is to be in earnest. It is impossible to
read the point-blank denials, the animated
✓ecitals, the fearless appeal to a just and generous
people for their free verdict, which constituted that
magol,nut display, wthont (slings of the deepest
sympathy and admiration. The nation who ciuld
suffer such a man to be hunted down by • cowardly
and bullying band of conspirators, deserves indeed to
be without • minister capable of has tr.ling his own
position, ur of sacrificing his own ease for their safety
and honour.

But it cannot, and it shall not be. The country
is awake. From every quarter come impatient in-
dications of the sense the people entertain of the ini-
quitous alma, and the still Mum means which, in a
moment of apathy, seemed to have • chance
of being successful. The issue in the House of Com-
mons is no longer doubtful. Public opinion is seldom
slighted or deliberately misrepresented there, when
it has been intelligently formed and distinctly ut-
tered. Out of doors there is literally but one senti-
ment regarding the Russian vote of the Hones of
Lords, and the necessity of giving it a
flat and full contradiction in the House of Commons.
The people of these kingdoms do not agree that the
rule suggested by M. GUIZUT and Count NEs-
SELRODK fur the desertion and abandoumtut of
our kinsmen in foreign lands, is to be endured
or acquiesced in. Our fathers held every tyrant ac-
countable for any injury wrongfully done to the
meanest and poorest of their fellow-subjects, and, by
Cote's help, so will we.
We can afford to pardon and to pity the fury of the
Times. The speech was teeny provoking. It was too
cool, too clear, and too convincing. Its effect was
like that produced upon the saucy children in the
Christmas tale, whoa. brittle though pointed weapons
the jolly old gwekeepor picks one after another out of
his coat which they had failed to penetrate, and
breaks contemptuously across his knee. Nothing
could be much more provoking; we admit it. Ouly
we would suggest to our enraged contemporary, that,
for decency's sake, it would be wiser not to try, by
misreporting, to conceal the cause of its chagrin. If
it had printed t e speech fairly as it was delivered,
and os it was reeei red, people could understand better
what had put. the Times in such a passion, and they
would have made allowance accordingly. But it is a
manifest act of weeknest to endeavour to evade this by
dint of mere m's-printing of what has been said, and
suppression of the enthusiastic cheers with which it
was hailed, when at the asme time a piteous wail of
discomfiture is suffered to find unbidden utterance.

Tut Express has, we find, given offence to a
small cote, ie of amiable, zealous, and inteile.3tuel per-
sons, presided over by the Rev. Professor MAURICE,
of King's College, in the Strand, who, with more
faith in their Pere than logic in their essays, de-
nounce the interposition of capital and capitalists be-
tween industry and consumption, and who, with
greater disinterestedness than oonsiitency, are them-
selves furnishing capital to a series of animas' associa-
tions, which, in their turn, abjure competition, ya
offer to undersell the rival establishments of their
former masters.

This enthusiastic, but somewhat credulous, little
coterie have dubbed themeelves Christian Socialist,
and, at intervals, they issue occasional tracts, price
one penny, on the Socialism of M. LOUIS BLANC,
so modified as to be t. nable with the Thirty-nine
Articles and the Preferments of the Church of Eng-
land. The fourth of these tracts, just published, is.
on "The Working Association of Paris; it professes
to bring an account of those bodies, on the strange
authority of "an English nobleman," down to the
middle of last April; and this account it is, in a con-
cluding note, "trusted, will be considered a sufficient
answer to a writer in the E.rpreu of April Ist.,
who tells the tailors Oat if they rely for improve-
ment in their condition on the practice of coopera-
tion, they will be just as miserably disappiinted here
as their craft was in Paris."

On this Tract we propose to make a few remarks;
not certainly in defence of our position that the
Ateliers Nationaus had failed ; for unless the real
object of those " co-operative " associations were the
organisation of the most desperate and most terrible
"army of misery " the world ever saw, their failure is
a matter of history, which it is simply ridiculous to
attack; so on that point no observation can be wee.-
eery. But, believinir that the want of regular argu-
ment, of logic, of knowledge, and of 000201011 sense,
00 more prevents our Christian Socialists from doing
mischief proportionate to their scanty numbers and
small means, than the want of discipline and of aegis
neon prevented their unchristian brethren in Peri-
-1 producing frightful misery to themselves and their
country, we mean not to defend our own pisition,
but to assail their stronghold.
Tract IV. paints an attractive picture of the Chris-
tian fraternity of the Trade Guilds of the middle
agi s, in France, especially ; confesses, without ex-
plaining, the corruption of those. bodies into associa-
tions more immediately oppressive to the artisans
themselves than to the rest . of the community; add
claims for the existing amenations the principle, aud,

in their limited field, the merits of thessOnilds before
their fell. Hertel/ this claimed for their red %ITO- 1
lioanies the med meal !Statham, without which our
Chratisa Socialists could not explain their sympathy
with this apparent novelty, the encoess of the tailor.,
cooks (edniived to be very partial), hair-
dremers. upholsterers, and some other trades Of Peril
in their small associations, is insisted epos, sad their
imitation in London is recommended.

We do not stop to quietism the faro untaleed In
the narrative, or to inquire tato the importance of
these boasted emulations; we prefer seeing to what
it is that all which is narrated really amounts. Alter
carefully going over the story, we And that, if we
visited these establishments at Paris, we should, en
inspection, beam unable to discover, without explana-
tion, anything pecaliar in their workshops, as we
found ourselves unable on a visit to the Christian
Sociarst Tailors' Institution in this metropolis. They
are (according to the tale told) well managed shops ;
paying wage* to their workpeople like other shops ;
taking orders and receive°, payment from the
public like other shops; and buying their
raw material like other shops. They dismiss bad
or disorderly workmen—as, he many trades,
other shops, we are terry to say, cannot do. The pe-
coliarity so much boasted of is, that they are not
managed by a muter (we do not shrink from the
horrid word) alone responsible for profit or loss, so-
cording as the business is well or ill-managed; bat
by one or more managers, who perform all the duties
of a master (save supplying capital, and engaging
and discharging workmen), who snap td more or
less by the workmen, and who are furnished with
capital or credit, either by the government (as is the
case with the Parisian cabinet makers), by friends in
the monied classes, or by the associates themselves;
and that the profits, which it is assumed will always
arise, are divisible amongst the workmen, over and
above these wages, in moms direct or indirect minter,
instead of belonging to the master.
So far from the success of such unions causing sur-
, prim, or being at variance with the experience of
triode and the laws of political economy, we must say
—harvest° referens—that Mcmnus himself—a really
great as well as a truly benevolent man—would have
been surprised were it otherwise. Foe it turns out
that, no peculiarity existing but that of management,
any evil opzration of that peculiarity is averted by
precautions that could not fail to be considered ample
even by Baron STVLTZ, of CafOrd-street, or Mr.
WOODPALL, of Waterloo-plue. First, the workmen
are picked men. Jacques Bonlomme cannot walk
into the work-room, jump on to the tailor's board, and
proceed on the sound of the bell to the Salle u manger,
any more than John Bull can go into the Carlton
Club, and hob and nob with Col. SIBTUORP over the
seven o'clock joint. A new member must be proposed
by an existing member, who can speak as to his " mo-
rality and capacity,'" laborious habits,"" being a good
workman in his own line," or according to some
other stringent formula of the kind. If he proves
unworthy—if he keeps St. Monday (fait le lundi)
well :—" a man would soon be turned out if he did."
Amongst picked workmen, then, a stricter discipline
than possible in ordinary shops (as every muter is
but too well aware) is maintained. And what manu-
facturer, great or small, but knows that in such a body
of workmen, so ruled, there is at once the certain
means of prosperity—of commanding public favour
by excellence and punctuality of work ?
But to this recommendation, some at least of these
l'aris associations have added—superior cheapness!
Yes; these declaimers against "captal," against
"the money power," against "competition," against
"extortionate innovation," have, it turns out, based
their u,erted maces' on the reduction which they
offer on the price at which the "tyrant mtatere"
perform their work. The CJoks, par example, pre-
tend to give "as good a breakfast" for Yd, as formerly
cost tiel.; and the Masons, in the very same sentence
in which they promise that " that anarchical compe-
tition which is now killing industry will disappear,
and all men will be able to live as brothers together,"
offer, as the means to that end, "to undertake work
at a cheaper rate.""
The fact, as developed in this tract, is, that these
associations are contrivances for dispensing with one
class of workers who have hitherto been employed—
,
viz., the superintendent and furnisher of tools and
materials, or in other words, the master. Of slop-
selling, the tract says, "there is no field left for co-
operation between master and workmen. The work-
men must beat the master slopseller utterly out of
the fi. Id or perish." And then? April? The
ma'ter's profit being thus divided, on what must the
next demand for more funds to divide among
an incressing body of workpeople fall ? On
the public? Ard afterwards, again, when
months to be fed have got more increased
or when the first public calamity lessens the public
means of purchase, on whom can want ultimately
come—sudden, intense, irresistible—but on the work-
reap'e themselves, between whom and its very first
descent the intermediate reservoir of the master's
capital no longer exists. Alas, for such folly from
such places!
The vaunted association for averting the horrors of
competition are, then, nothing but competition in its
most odious form ; competitive corporations, without
souls responsible to heaven, or faces to blush
before men; of whom M. Lours BLANC (writing
however, of Jesuit priests and not of Socialist tailors)
says " it is at once the vice and the strength of every
separate association, that selfishness, seemingly ex-
tinct in each member, reappears in the whole with
indomitable energy." Words so strong, so true, and
so admirably illustrative of the alleged success of
these contrivances fur bringing workmen in yet more
direct competition with workmen than society has
yet called for—that to them alone we might hove
entrusted our reply to the Tract we are noticing;
without adding the cutting sarcasm of the rival
so-
cialist, M. Paounimx, that a certain association,
heeded ;n this very Tract, was " a monopoly existing
at the expense of surrounding society."
As to the associations themselves, in their real
character of competitors, we own that they may
furnish a new form of competition to which it is pro-
b ibly the interest of consumers to give every fair en-
couragement, not the least of their merits being the
discipline and improved character they may raise
amongst the workmen of the trades in which they are
formed. To the artisans of this metropolis we give
credit for discernment enough in such a matter as this
to see how the performances, for which
credit is claimed, as to promises, are from supporting
the principles of mere flatterers; to discover that no
argument against the present organization of society
as a mutually dependent mass of employers and
employed, of buyers and sellers, can be drawn from
the superior comfort (if there be any) in the esta-
blishments of pattern masters, to apply, however dis-
agreeable it may appear, their true name, to the
associated tailors and tailors' association. It is the in-
cendiary language, and the partnership with incen-
diaries, affected by these tract writers, who proclaim
themselves to be noblemen, scholars, and ecclesiastics,
and who are certainly more of these than red repub-
licans in reality, that call for public notice and repre-
hension.

De mortals ntl nisi bonum. The justice of this
maxim has been questioned by no lees a casuist than
Dr. SAMUEL JOHNSON. The learned doctor sturdily
maintained that truth only should be spoken of the
dead, whether that truth were favourable or unfa-
vourable to tit ir characters. Even the doctor, how-
ever, we should imagine, might have relented
from the sternness of his principle in favour of such
dead as had been put to death under circumstances
so painful as the defunct County Rates Bill, which
called Sir HENRY HALFORD parent or sponsor.
Never, indeed, was poor bill or being so rudely
hustled and jostled out of existence as this unfortu-
nate measure, in yesterday's forenoon sitting of the
House of Commons. It was who to get a
kick at it as it flew past them while
being flung over the table. Mr. CORNEWALL
LEWIS dealt it • knock-down blow; Sir J.
PAKINOTON advised its mourning parent to put it out
of existence; Mr. MILNER GIBSON kicked it; Mr.
AOLIONDY cuffed it; Mr. 130THIRON was for having
a select committee empannelled to try it; Mr. BUCK,
with questionable humanity, would have had abler°
form administered to it, to keep it in a state of sus-
pended animation till next year, when of course it
would again have to run the gauntlet; Mr. lima.
I YARD was for giving it its Vat/Nada 000 e. Sir HENRY
HALTON!) listened and looked it mute despair; and
at last, seeing there was no remedy, like another
Vitamins, throttled hie bantling with hie own
bands, to save it from maltreatment by others.
It would be the height of cruelty to whisper one
word against the character of a bill thus buffeted out
of the world amid jeers and contumely without one

whisper of sympathy to soothe its dying moments.
And 'sit is int=le to say any good of it, the only
elternatie•
But wonderfsl though the unanimity of honourable
members in the opinion that Sir HENRY HALFORD.II
bell was not the bill, scarcely lets remarkable wee
their conenrienee la the opinion that a bill—some
Lied of county rates bill or another—ie very much
wanted. Messrs. 801116 RON and PACKS wished to
have the bill referred to a select committee to see
whether they could make anything of it ; Sir Jonre
Docetworrer wished to have the whole question of
county rates Waned to a select committee : Mr.
Mot hoped thatmore direct control would be Riven
to county ratepayers over the expenditure • and Mr.
MILERS (ARSON, while expressing a similar wish, in-
dieated how effect might be given to it.
It is agreed on all hands, therefore, that reform—a
pretty. sweeping reform—is required in the mode of
tal,:oleng, levying, and expending county rates. Tnis
conviction does not date from yesterday. Sir JOHN
Ducxwoarn regretted that the work had not been
taken in hand long ago ; and Sir lons might have
recollected, when he euggested the appointment of a
select committee on the subject, that a royal commission
was not merely nominated, but had reported on it
years ago. Strange to think that the defictive ad-
ministration of our county rates has long been pl.-
claimed • that the vices of the existing management
have been proved and exposed by a royal commis-
sion ; that every party in the House of Commons is
mare anxious than another to have them amended; and
yet that nothing mare can be done than to bring iu a
bad bill at the beginning of the session in order to
throw the abortion out about the middle of it.

In ordinary circumstances the session—couldacarcely
be considered too far advanced to forbid immediate
action bring taken in the matter of county rates.
But the Greek squabble, and its probeble conse-
quences, render this hopeless. Let our comity
reformers, therefore, prepare to take the field at the
beginning of the next session. The report of the
commission above alluded to renders the select corn-
mitee recommended by Sir ,I. Duestworern unneces-
sary for the mere collection of evidence. But
a select committee might be of use as
• preparatory step to the bringing in of a
well-concerted bill. fhe report of the commission,
with the stray items of supplementary information
afros publishe i in parliamentary documents, might be
referred to the committee, which would be able, from
these materials, to report, in a few days, an outline of
a workable metier., with the reasons in support of
it appended. The members of the select committee
might then be charged, or allowed, to act as the pro-
moters of a bill framed upon their own report, and
to watch over and expedite its passage through the
house.

No baltmeasure will do. The various tinkerings
and partial remedies suggested and proposed Iron
time to time, ought at once to be thrown overbaard.
The evils of the county rate system are mainly attri-
butable to two ceases. The one is the multipli-
city of small special rates, respecting which
it is doubtful whether they are legally exigible or nut;
the other the irresponsible priition and inefficiency
of the hands to is hum the power of impcsing and
spending the rates is delegated. The report of the
commission contains an accurate history of the ri,e
and progress of the various rates, a classified expo-
sition of their objects, and estimate of their amount.
Armed with this knowledge it will be comparatively
easy to define and enumerate in a bill the mica's
objects fir which it is competent to the local adminis-
trators of county finance to impose rates. The rate-
payer would thus be enabled to know what he
can equitably end legally be called upon to pay. The
adrsiniarntion is at present vested in the hands of
the justices; a body doubly objectionable, as being
fenced by ail kinds of swot, ry immunities, and as
representing only one class of the ratepayers, and re-
presenting even that class imperfecly, geeing that
they are the nominees of the ministers in office for
the time being. The whole financial business of each
county ought to be transferred from the jusices to a
county board, elected at brief intervals by al! the
ratepayers.

FRANCE.

PARIS, WEDNISSDAT EVENING,

The absurd exaggerations ablut the ()ran conspi-
racy too mainly trsiseable to • foolish proclamation
of General Pchosier, couched in the most violent lan-
guage. General PeHasler is the hero who roasted
the Arabs in the caves of Dahra.

The papers are still occupied with the ptrt played
by General Changarnier in the debate of .Monday,
and the iaterpre•ation to be assigned to this signifi-
cant act. The project of restoring the monarchy is
for the moment rather at a discount. We heAr much
more of the prolongation of the President's power..

The Russian cabal here cannot conceal their cha-
grin at the enthusiastic reception of Lord Pahmer-
ston in the House of Commons, and the t .Ittris of
confluence bestowed upon him by the Sort reign.

The rectified fist of the division on the 1) station
Bill, given by the Moniteur of this morning, shows
that of the seventeen chiefs of the majority, three,
namely, Jules de Lestevrie, General de St. Priest,
and de Seze, voted against the government, while M.
Ilerryer abitained.

Cabrera has just paid a flying visit to Paris with
his late-vrun English bride. whose dower threatens
the throne of Isabel with fresh danger. After pre-
senting the Condesa de Morella to his numerous
friends here, the Carlist chieftain set out on a visit to
the Count of Montemolin.

Messrs. Burritt and Richards, delegates of the
Peace Society of the United States and Great Britain.
have recently visited Paris, to make preparations with
the Frecch committee for the Peace Congress of MO,
which is to be held at Franktort. These gentlemen
c3avoked a meeting, at which were present M. de
Corntenin, member of the Council of State; MM.
Cirnot, Frateisque Bouvet, and Coquerel, represtm-
Wins of the people; Dunoyer, of the Institute, and
other distingutshed men. After a long discussion it
was decided that the congress shall be held at Frank-
fort, on the 22ad of August next.

Pi the sitting of the Legislative Assembly to-day
the bill which opens to the Meister of Public Works
an extraordinary credit upon the budget of 1849 was
dismissed. M. N.iel Portia reproached the ex-Mi-
nister of Public Works, M. Lacrosse, with having
exuended large sums of the public money without
being authorised by votes of the Assembly, and
moved a reduction of half a million. M. Lacrosse
mentioned, in the course of his defence, the additions
made to the Elyeek, which cost 300,0004. M. Charms
found proofs of the irregular proceedings of the ex-
Minister of Public Works in the report of the c im-
mittte on provisio:.al twelfths. M. Peuy re-
plied that the responsibility alluded to did nut
affect the ministry of public works, but his own de-
partment of finances. He criticised severely the
scandal nis expenditure of the provisional government.
On being put to the vote M. Parfait's reduction was
rejected by 421 against 189. Then the articles of the
bill were successively adopted; but the expenses for
maintaining the Elysi:e in repair were not allowed
without a division, which gave 396 votes against 201
in favour of the credit demanded on this account.
M. Veleutin demanded to defend himself for having
been called to order, and taxed the president of the
Assembly with having used language unworthy of
his post. Tie president moved the censure of M.
Valentin with temporary exclusion. M. Emile de
Oirardin observed that the president, in order to have
the privilege of severity, ought to set a good example,
which however was far from being the case. He
accused the president of having said yesterday, while
stating that he, Oirardin, had not answered an appeal
hem M. I)ain, that it waits challenge declined. M.
Oirardin was called to order. M. Dein, upon rising to
explain, was also called to order. Thee ruse nibfe of
the bill was then adopted, by 411 votes against 179;
after which the sitting broke up.

■OL'IL~&