The Express.
London, England, 1861-01-24 00:00:00

CONFERENCE AT BIRMINGHAM.

Yesterday a conference on thin subject took place
at Birmingham, Sir JOHN PAKINGTOIC, M.P., in the chair.
The attendance was large, and included the Earl of Lich-
field, the Earl i 4 Shrewsbury and Talbot, Lord Lyttelton,
Lord Cahhorpe, Lord Ingestre, M.P., Mr. M. D. Hill, Q.C.,
Mr. Scholefield, M.P., Mr. Hatibury, M.P., Sir Baldwin
Leighton, the Hon. and Rev. G. M. Yorke, the Rev. Dr.
Miller, Mr. C. H. Bracebridge, the Mayor of Birmingham,
Dr. Guthrie, Mr. G. W. Meetings ; the Rey. J. T. Burt,
chaplain of the Birmingham Gaol ; Mr. C. W. Hanky'''. ;
Mr. W. Partridge, police magistrate of Wolverhampton ;
the Hon. Major Anson, M.P. ; Mr. Charles Ratcliff, boo.
secretary of the Conference ; Mr. Barwick Baker, Hard-
wiok-eourt ; the Rev. G. Hans Hamilton, Berwick ; Mr. R.
Baker, Inspector of Factories ; Dr. Birt Davies, and a large
number of others taking an interest in this movement.
The Hox. SrearrAni mentioned that letters had been
received from many distinguished prams, apologising for
their absenoe, but expressive of their cordial concurrence in
the movement.

The conference was opened with prayer by the Hon. and
Rev. G. M. Yonne.

Thefollowing were the "general principles" enumerated
in the printed circular :
" la is the duty of the state, both as reganls society in
general, and each individual composing it, to provide educa-
tion
for those who cannot obtain it for themselves. Thiel
duty is recognised by the state, since it provides education
for those who are in gaols and reformatories, and therefore
come compulsorily under its care, and for those who are
thrown on society for support—i. e., paupers. The same
duty exists, but has not been diseherged by the state to-
wards cliparengeho are not as yet either criminals or
pumas. but whose natural guardians will not, or cannot,
provide for their education. It as the object of the con-
ference to lay before the executive goyenimen't and the
legislature, am a consequence of the principle above stated,
the imperative duty of their providing education for this
ponies of the community."
Sir J. Palo:44mg, after • few preliminary observation's,
said they had assembled together to consider what they be-
lieved to be a grievance, and to discuss what was its beet
remedy. The grievance was that out of the large annual
sum which was voted by parliament to assist in the educa-
tion of the poor—those who were the most poor, those who
were the most destitute, those who came under the care of
those institutions which had been founded by benevoleut
=lin most of the lug* towns ii:lz rand and Scot-
ose who, in fact;peopled our schools, and re.
calved nothing—were, in fact, excluded from that which
professed to provide for them. They would be told by
those in authority that they were not excluded, and
that it was open to them to claim their
share,
but he had no doubt that before the day closed
it would be made perfectly clear that practically they
were excluded : that in those respects in which aid was
offered it was saddled with such conditions as to make it
generally undesirable that that aid should be accepted. They
not scaly complained of this as • breach of national duty, bit
the arrangements of the education department had been such
that they might complain of a breach of faith as well as of
bad policy. (Hear, hear.) A minute was at one time passed
mid for some time acted upon, by which these) ragged
sehoels were enabled to get their share of the public money
M.stfor eilaution. But mutely bad they proved the
of this liberality, scarcely had they begun to
make their arrangements, to extend their buildings, to
purchase premises, and to avail themselves of the granta
of money made them under this minute, than the minute
was withdrawn. This being their grievance, their general
principle and their object weal in the words of their circular
letter :—" The welfare of society requires that all its mem-
ber. should be educated ; therefore it is the duty of the State,
both as regards society in goners! amiss& individual composing
it, to provide education for those who cannot obtain it for
themselves. This duty is recognised by the state, since it
provides education for those who are in gaols and reforms-
tortes, and therefore cane compulsorily under its care, and
for those who are thrown on society for support, ,i. e.
paupers. The same duty exists, but has not been discharged
by the state, towards children who are not yet either cri-
minals or paupers, but whose natural guardians will not, or I,
cannot, provide for their education. It is the object of the
conference to lay before the executive government and the
legislature, as • consequence of the principle above stated,
the imperative duty of their providing education for this
portion of the community, the neglected and destitute
children of Great Britain." This paper, said the
right hon. chairman, has the signature of 146 of the
most eminent friends of education in Great Britain, Scot-
laird, and Ireland, who had supported the principle
enunciated without regard to religious opinion or
political party ; and such • band of gentlemen he thought
must be influential with the government and with the
legislature. Having adverted to the fact that the
government both of Lord Derby and Lord Palmerston had
I opposed the grant to rugged schools, the hon. baronet pro-
'seeded to state that he could not better put the meeting in
possession of the facts of the case than by reading the terms
of the motion he brought forward in the Home of Commons
last session, and by drawing atteetion to some circumstances
that arose out of it. The rearm was :—" That the grants
annually made by parliament for the promotion of educe-
Ike ow/Otto be expended with • fair and just regard to
the requirements of the different chums of wheels lee
eognised by the minute of the Committee of Council ; and
I that the ragged and industrial schools, which are alone
adapted to meet the wants of • considerable number of
destitute and neglected children, do not receive the
amount of aid to which they are entitled." He was of course
answered by the minister who represented the education de-
pertinent (Mr. Lowe), and it was with regret that he had to
call attention to some remarks made by the lion. gentleman
on that occasion. lie said, " When the right bon. gentleman
complained that under the present system the higher class
of the working elegem were amply provided for and the
poorer class neglected, he complained of that which was
the very memo and principle of the system. The system
being a voluntary one the rich would provide for their own
neighbourhoods, and often to excess, and the poor who had
no rich among them would be noprovided for. If, said Sir
John, Mr. Lowe had desired to strike • blow at the system in
exigence, if he had desired to hold out to Great Britain
that the funds liberally and amply supplied by parliameut
were not devoted to three objects which they ought to
promote, he could have male no statement more fatal to
the department over which he presided. For if it was thus
openly avowed by the educational miuister that for those
who were most ileetitute they did nothing, they surely hail
the right to say that such a system required alteration.
It was, then, this system, which administered the greatest
help where there was the least need, sod that where
there was the greatest need gave no help at all, that
they sought to remedy. His own opinion was, and he hail
avowed it over and over again both in and out of the House
of Commove that public aid to education would be more
beneficially given, if they applied to the education of the
humbler clauses of society these same principles of local
management—(hear, hear)—to which Englishmen were in
other respects so much attached—which we had long applied
to the relief of the principal wants of the poor, which we
applied to the management of our counties and our towns,
and which was, in fact, that system so much opposed to cen-
tralisation, and so much upheld as cue of the principles of
our constitution. (Appliuse.) If properly coustitigoil
bodies were thus appointed throughout the length and
breadth of the land, there could be no doubt but the educa-
tional requirements of all the poor would In properly
attended to. (Hear, hear.) And here again he must quote
from his honourable friend Mr. Lowe ' The right hoe.
gentleman said that the educational pants should be expended
with fair and just regard to the requirements of the different
classes of schools recognised by the minutes of the Cent-
, mitts* of Council. This amused is very fair proposition,
but the practice of the Prim Council was not, and never
had been, in conformity with it. And if the house affirmed
the motion, they would lay down an entirely new principle
of action, which would be subversive of all the principles
hitherto acted upon by the department. The practich of
the Committee of Education was not to give grants in con-
sideration of the requirements and necessities of the schools,
lot in consideration of private persons coming forward and
supporting them." To this there were two answers. First
of all, if such was the practice of the Privy Council, it
ought to be changed ; and, secondly, Mr. Lowe bad fallen
into a practical error. He said the practice of the Privy
Council was to ...rant money in consideration of private per-
sons coming forward. that was precisely what they
were asking for the ragged 'chord' ; they had
never asked that they should become entirely •
burden on the public purse. But one thing he did regret
more than any other in the speech of Mr. 'Lowe, and it
was when he made a boast of the pecuniary saving which
had been effected by withholding aid to these ragged
schools. The charge upon the education department, it
appeared, while this grant to the ragged schools was in
existence, was 27,000/. a year, but in consequence of with-
hokligg that grant, the amount was reduced to 5,500/., and
Mr. Lowe boasted that a saving of 22,0001. had been
effected. He trusted that no one there would think the
sum a large one for the purpose.. but in the view he had
long entertained as to the mode in which education should
be assisted by the state, he felt certain that the day would
come when, if this centralising system of doing everything
from an office in London were adopted, the amount of that
national grant would become so great that the Chancellor
of the Exchequer would raise his voice against it. Already
had this been seen in the course pursued by Mr. Gladstone,
I who was the first Chancellor of the Exchequer to openly
speak against the grant, although others had not liked it
a whit the better. But when they considered what bad
Men done by these ragged schools, was =OOO/. or even
27.0n0'. at all too large • sum to speed out of the state
funds in their support! The statement he held in his hand,
and which he intended to read, would show what had been
• dose:—" Upwards of three Steamed children had attended

the Aberdeen Industrial :ichools since their commencement.
Ofthese,hix hundrmi ilaVe gone from reboots into situation,.
and are, with very few exceptions, known to be doing well
while of the others. there is every reason to believe that a
very large number Mire not misconducted themselves. Our-
ing the last few Tears the greatest possible change has taken
place. Out of the thousand vagrants who were reported to
be wandering in this part of time country, the whole juve-
nile population. calculated at nearly 400, have entirely dis-
appeared. The juvenile offenders in prison under twelve
years of age have decreased from 61 in 1841 to 13 in 11456."
Having further adverted to the good done by the ragged
schools. and quoted from the paper read by Miss Carpenter
at the Bradford meeting of Social Science, to show their be-
neficial effect on society at large, Sir John Pakington said
he had endeavoured as far as possible to state the grievance
which had necessitated their conference, and he trusted
that the result of their discussion that day would be a
practical remedy for it. The remedy he proposed was to
address a firm remonstrance to the House of Commons, and
to demand that the dictates of benevolence and common
sense should he no longer disregarded ; and he trusted that
they would be supported strenuously, both in and out of
parliament. Having shown how, when last brought on,
the question had leen met en both sides of the house in no
party spirit, the hon. chairman expressed a hope that such
would be the case this year, and while advising that it
should be brought on early in the session, as a substantive
motion, instead of being left till the estimates were brought
iu at the end of the sessiou in the presence of only a few
members, he suggested to the meeting the propriety of
choosing for their leader not himself, but some other of his
colleagues, because he was afraid the fact of his being a
member of the late government would not do their cause
any good. (No, no.) The hon. baronet, after some further
genend remarks, expressed his confidence in the ultimate
success of the movement.

Mr. M. 1). HILL, Q.C., moved the first resolution—
" That neglected and morally destitute children constituted
a very large portion of the community,. yet that no educa-
tional aid is given for their education from the parliamen-
tary grant, comparable to curb as is given to such clo'seo of
schools as already receive government assistance."
Mr. SCROLETILLD, M.P., seconded the resolution.
A paper on "Ragged Schools," setting forth their use-
fuloees, was read by Mies Caonaviza, which was warmly
commended by Sir J. Pakington.
The Archdeacon of WORCESTER made a suggestion, which
resulted in the addition of one or two wonls in the resolu-
tion. He expressed his cordial concurrence in the objects
of the conferexce.

The Rev. Mr. 09111ORNE. chaplain of the Bath gaol, declared
it to be his unqualified opinion that every child in the land
ought to be educated.
The Rev. 8. B.tcuc, Unitarian minister, of Birmingham,
said that even thoegh he stood alone in the meeting,
he could not permit the resolution to be put without ex-
pronging his perfect faith in the voluntary principle.
The resolution ens put and carried. _

The Rev. Dr. GUTHRIE moved the second resolution :
" That obedience to the laws of God and man is powerfully
promoted by the diffusion of sound knowledge, anl the
training up of the young in the exercise of the great duties
of life : therefore, it is incumbent on the elate, am far as
possible, to ensure the means of education forall children for
whom their parents are through poverty uuable, or through
ignorance unwilling, to provide it."
The Earl of SHREWBRURT seconded the resolution, which,
after a few remarks from Sr BALDNIN LEIGHTUN and
Mr. HANNAY, was carried.

The Rev. Dr. MILLER moved the third resolution :
" That the experience of the last eighteen years has proved
that this portion of the population is reached in ninny dia.
tricta to a considenible extent, and can be effectually raised
,by ragged and industrial schools ; but that schools of this
clam, which, to be good, involve much greater expenditure
than ordinary reloads, cannot be permanently supported in
the !wound efficiency, or extended to all the &Lancia re-
quiring them, by voluntary aid alone." They were all aware
(he said) that inspection must follow government grants as a
matter of necessity • and Le concurred in the opinion ex.
by the Ree Order in referrence to that subject. lie
id not wish to use the Privy Council system destroyed but
expanded, in order fully to meet the case of neglected and
destitute children.

Viscount I:trt:.ttn► M.P., seconded the resolution,
which, after some slight discussion, in which Dr. Bell and
other gentlemen took part, was carried.
Lord Lrrreurox moved the next resolution :—"That it
is the duty ol the state to give liberal financial aid to such
schools, availing itself, as In the case of the reformatories,
of that voluntary °lenient which is an essential condition of
our 111.10081111." _ _ .

Mr . tietioNrn, M.P., seconded the resolution, but with-
out pledging himself to the details of any particular scheme
for effecting au object so desirable as that which they all
had in ♦iew.
The molutiou was carried.

Mr. HANBURT, moved the appointment of a com-
mittee, who are to endeavour to enforce upon the govern-
ment the necetwity of granting aid in the direction required.
After a vote of thanks to Sir John Pakington the con-
ference adjourned until the evening.

LAW Or SETTLEMENT A D CHARGEABILITY.

Last night a conference of the guardians and
directon of the poor in the metropolis was held at the
London Coffeehouse, for the purpose of discussing the
present law of settlement and chatgeability, and the
„gamma cumlition of the poor aud their dwelling,. The
meeting was fulled in pummel of wwwmatatiba aimed to
by the guardians of the West London Union on the Bth
instant, a copy of which was seat to the boards of guardians
of the different unions of the metropolis.

Mr. Alderman SIDNET. M.P., who occupied the chair,
expressed regret that the conference was not more ,fully
attended, hut at all evecta the importance of the subject
could not be oveinatsl. (Hear, hear.) He was only
surprised that the question had been permitted to remain
so long in its present disjointed and unsatisfactory
condition. He supposed no one would dispute that the
poor law rate was a tax on property. But what could
they say of a property tax which was Is. 4d. in one place,
Is. :it in another, Pd, in another, and perhaps
Id. in another I (Hear, hear.) But the verb
circumstance that the rate was unequal made it
difficult of adjustment, beaus the more lightly taxed
localities of course were in favour of having things remain
as they were. (Hear, hear.) The majority of the House of
Commas' represented for the most part the lightly taxed
places, and it was difficult to get them to change the
present state of things. (Hear, hear.) If they were to
have • poor-law at all, he thought it ought to be self-
adjusting, and such that when • came, that pres-
sure should be adequately nat. Hear, hear.) At present
the law operated with great severity on the poor, and with
peat inequality on the ratepayers. Under the present
system the pourer the locality the greater was the burden
of the poor-ride. Landlords, in order to avoid the incidence
of the rate, ejected the poor from their properties. The
consequence of thi. was that the poor were pressed into
certain localities, the dwellings became overcrowded, and
seems of wretchedness and immorality occurred which
disgraced them in the eyes of the world. (Hear, hear.)
Foreigners could not understand how this wealthy country
and metropolis should exhibit such aceues of wretchedness
as had been detailed of late in the columns of their press.
The Poor-law was no doubt intended for the benefit of the
poor, but the practical result of the 4:lrd of Eliza-
beth was that large tracts of property in this country
were entirely exempt front the burden of the rate, others
contributed but a small amount, whilst others—and these
the very poorest districts—laid very Lagely. (Hew, hear.)
Having made these remarks he legged tomll on Mr. Harvey
to address the conference.

Mr. HARVEY add the evil of the present law was so ap-
parent that it could not be denied, and if they could devise
any remedy by which it could be abolished they would
confer a great beneht on the *pantry. It was by no means
uncommon for two parishes to expend several hundred
pounds in order to ascertain the place of settlement of a
single pauper. (Hear, bear.) There were in the last year
over 5,01)0 orders of removal, under which 14,8110 poor
persons were removal at a cost of 18,36.51. This was ex-
clusive of Irish removals, and represented those which took
place in England and Wales only. Mr. Harvey then quoted in-
stances of the banish ip and cruelty of *owe of there removals,
and expressed his opinion that if the public were fully
aware of the extent of the evil, the eystem could not have
continued for oolong a period. (Hear, bear.) Then bow did it
affect the dwellings of the poor? They had evidence taken
before the House of Commons of whole parishes being swept
clear of labourers' cottages in order to avoid the chargeabi-
lity of the poor. This state of things occurred not in one
but several counties of England. The same result took
place in the metropolis. The poor in the richer localities
were diminishing and were increasing in the poorer ones.
The pulling down of the houses of the poor had a most evil
effect. The result showed itself in those frightful instances
of immorality with which their journals had been teeming
for some time past. (Hear, hear.) Were they to be con-
tent with sending out missionaries to convert the heathen
whilst such scenes were taking place at their own doors?
(Hear, hear.) He believed the remedy for this state of
things was that the present law of settlement and chargea-
bility should he altered, end the area of rateability enlarged,
because if the law of settlement were abolished and the pre-
sent system of chargeability continued, it would only make
things worse. (Hear.) Ifs did nut believe that the larger
, area of rating would give rise to the evil of laxity
I of administration, as was generally supposed. (Hear.)
He begged, therefore, to move the following resolution :-
1 " That this meeting having carefully considered the opera
; Lion of the laws of settlement and chargeability of the poor,
hereby expresses its opinion that they are oppressive to the
poor, unjust to the ratepayers, and have largely tended to
bring about the present overcrowding of the dwellings of
the poor, with all the consequent evil effecta ; and that ID
the opiaion of this meeting there is no prospect of an effec.
i teal remedy beim; provided whilst any law exists throwing
the whale cost of the relief of the poor, in tame. of their

de-titution or 'lane,' on the rates of the parish or union
where they happen to reside, or causing their compulsory
removal to their legal settlement, as in the opinion of this
meeting such a law alaxet entirely prevents the erection
or .ohiptation of dwellings for the use of the poor. and is
mainly the cause why in large ilistricts, sometimes of many
miles in extent, there are no dwellings for the pour to be
found."
Mr. 'WARWICK seconded the motion.

Mr. birGii.t. said that he bad seen misery of the most
appallin. kind in the east of London, sad if he had not
afforded' relief many persons would have actually died of
starvation. (Hear, hear.) It might be said, why did not
the guardians of the poor come forward with relief ? The
truth was, the guardians had not the means of giving ade-
quate relief. (Hear.) if they did full justice to the poor
the whole property of the district would be swamped.
(Hear, hear.) He had heard recently from a solicitor that
there was a didrict in Sussex which paid 275. in the pound,
and when he inquired why such a property had been par.
chased, he replied that the purchaser was determined to
clear it. Of course the people would endeavour to find
shelter somewhere, and hence the great overcrowd-
ing of some localities. He bad visited places in St.
George's-in-the-Fist where eleven persona were living
in one room ten feet square. They could easily
imagine the result of such a state of thing..
The amount of rate in St. George's, Hanover-square, was
Gd. in the pound, and in St. George's-in-the-East it was
4s. 4d. (Hear, hear.) How could such inequality be de-
fended? He believed that by making • strenuous effort
they would in the next session of parliament obtain equality
of rating and nn extension of the area. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. }INLAY remarked that the cost of in and out door
relief in St. George's-in-the• East was 14,8881. in the year
1849, and only 13.342/. in 1859, although there was an in-
crease of population. In the Lambeth Union the in and
out door maintenance cost 33,0001. in 1849, and only
30,0001. in 1859, although there had been a great increase
of population. Would any one say that the value of pro-
perty in Lambeth had been depreciated? The great burden
of the poor rate was not caused by the poor rate proper,
but by the county rate, police rate, asylum rate, sod other
rates which were collected by the Poor-law rate collectors.
(Hear.) He believed it was a great benefit to the poor to
have wretched houses thrown down and distributed over a
wider area.
Dr. ROM remarked that even if it were true that the amount
of poor rate had diminished in St. George's-in-the-East and
Lambeth. that fact did not get rid of the injustice of the
inequality of the taxation. (Hear, hear.) He was a Poor-
law doctor, and whatever might be the op nion of Mr. Fin.
lay as to the effect of substituting splendid mansions for the
poor houses in the metropolis, he could not shut his eyes to the
scenes of wretchedness and immorality which he witnessed
in the overcrowded districts of the West London Union.
He believed that if the remedy suggested by the resolution
were applied much of the evil would be does away with.
Mr. WARWICK observed that if the poor rate had dimi-
nished in some poor districts, itdiminishedin a muchgreater
in the rich districts. For instance, in 1832 the rate
degree George's, Hanover.rquare, was 3. Gd., and at the
same period it was 51. Bd. in St. Saviour's—no great differ-
ence. In 1842 the rate in tit. George's had fallen to le. 4d.,
whilst it had risen to 3s. 411. in Blackfriars. (Hear, hear.)
In 1852 it had fallen to sd. in St. George's, and it was sa.
in St. Anne's. (Hear.) The fact was that year by year
the burden was shifted from the wealthier to the poorer
parishes, till the poor rate had booms a tax upon poverty
maimed of a rate upon property. (Hear.) In his opinion,
I anything short of an entire abolition of the law of settle-
ment and an equalisation of the rate would prove a failure.
The effects of the present law on the morals of the poor
could not be overestimated ; it was notorious to all whose
I business it was to visit the houses of the poor. When the
I present system was done away with a better class of houses
would be built for the poor. (Hear.)
Mr. Coldirs, of St. Pancras, said he was not prepared
to go with the whole of the resol
ution. He was sure that
parliament would never increase the area of rating without
giving increased power to the Poorlaw Board, and to that he
was entirely opposed.
Mr. GILBERT, chairman of the Society for the Equaliaa-
Hon of the Poor-rate, bore witness to the great immotality
which resulted from the present system, and instanced
localities where there was a considerable increase of popula-
tion although there had been a decrease of house accommo-
dation. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. BRUMFIELD, chairman of the Wbitechspel Union,
contended that the law of settlement ought to be abolished,
and the area of rating extended. By the latter alteration
those gentlemen who now threw down the houses of the
poor in order to avoid chargeability would not escape
from the liability to contribute to the support of the
poor. (Hear, hear.)
rhe resolution was then put and carried unanimously.
Mr. BLATCREORD, chairman of the Fulham Union, moved
the following resolution :—" That in the opinion of this
meeting there should be an approximate equalised charge
for the relief of the poor over an extended area—aav a
county- —and that the laws of settlement and removal shoUld
then be altogether abolished ; free scope would thus
be given to the poor man's labour, and the
great objection which now exists to the erection
of dwellings for the poor would at once cease."
He did not believe that parliament would ever consent to a
national rate, but they might to a county rate if there was
a pressure from without. Without such pressure the Poor-
law Board would not make any alteration.
Mr. BUTCHER seconded the resolution, which was sup-
ported by Mr. WALKER.
Mr. TURNER (St. Pancras) asked how the abolition of the
law of settlement could diminish the pressure of the poor
on the rates and house accommodation of Hi. Pancras. He
. .

betleved thatTii;i;;; might be nwdi9ed with rlvantage
but he did not think it ought to be abolkihed. With regard
to the inequality of taxation, he believed that there bad
been much exaggeration on that subject, and that the rate
was not so unequal as was supposed. There would more-
over be great difficulty in finding proper persons to super-
intend the distribution of the rate if the area was ex-
tended.

Mr. Ponta, in support of the resolution, said that the
different unions of the metropolis distributed iioo,ooof., but
that amount was raised most unequally. If the area of rate.
ability were extended over the whole a shilling in the
pound would bring in the same amount of money, and those
who now paid nothing at all would be brought under the
rate. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. COLLINS, of St. Pancras, was of opinion that there
would not be proper supervision if the area was extended.
and instanced the Metropolitan Board of Works as a cue in
point.
The resolution was put and carried, See hands being held
up against it.
Mr. FITCH moved the following resolution :—"That the
foregoing resolutions be embodied in a memorial to tho
Secretary of State for the Home Department, and that a
deputation from thi. meeting be appointed to present the
same, and further to urge that the subject may be taken
into the serious and immediate consideration of her
Majesty's government."
Mr. TURNSI4 objected to the resolution on the ground,
that they had met to confer, not to pass resolution+.
On being put, the resolution was carried by See to three.
The meeting then separated after a vote of thanks to the
chairman.

&EOM awl UPHOLSTERY FURNITURE
4 Ike Urn —J. H. CRAMS.
-a
mad Q. WE VOILD4TMT. clam Ss Om Alums

HARMONIUMS—NIW MODIL.—
WANK& NULL rod M. M. sisest4tnet.

- - ---
T. JANIS'S HALL RISTAIIRANT,
lirgrostoinot sod PirroSilip.
pess.m. Wines. Liosors. Ire., tor Persllies. Ladles,
.wall. sw ti VOL DONALD. Proprietor.