The Express.
London, England, 1850-02-22 00:00:00

end erhisti it eres • mess injustlee to charge apes I see sow that professors of agriculture in Scotland are r,,,ti
them. (Hear, beer) Beyond that he did not go, sad lag the &etch farmers-the growers of oats-that te,i-,.
Menefee* Goad form so estimate of the animist of relief corn can be brought into Eagland et 12s. • o , a,4;L'a
legto be gives ; bat the feet that they did sot know their it is impossible for them to compete with the mega' eli„-.'w,
ss was so stimulate reason tor miming a skim juin in the United litotes, and they are giving the farmers --":,"
i . (Rear, hear.) He wee prepared to advocate and information at the very time when the prices of lndim-,„4
press that claim the grated of its justice, believing that in Liverpool, it Cork, sad in Dahlia are fluctuating b.:he-4;
all might be Ilse which meld ressombly be asked without 275. and 31,. a quarter. (Hear.) I was not
indiatestkig task available sums, whether from the surplus early part of the speech of the boae gentleman th present
amt ti!..,
edndly SAO( en the shammed of the year, or from re- for Northamptonshire. I ins told be appealed to me to. member
treighosent la the public expenditure, for which them still whet grounds I thought there was an undue stet, ton
remeinsiahmasseis of room. There were she comiders- prices. (Her) I think there probably is such hLi a'
ikmed gullet, whisk might have Waned the government depression because I find in costinental countries" end--";e
sail theeses (lid set admit the detract jostles of the cenethies when they have protective, the sate d pe.m.',„ '!,
mom als she it a feelomenbits hearing. (Hear hear.) No prices and the same complaints of distress *woollen th 0„..".`"
desht lIWI el the sell were is • state of considerable gaged in sericulture which we hive here. (Hear, he -,.",4';
daantW nest _ *Meg to mosatlegislatios. The distress find that thermion of prices exists notwithstand%',,,'
et the Imunerd wee net seek es would warrant him, ems if market bas been opened to them, and an unusualln'
du-
ty NOM were worthy of his, which it was met, is mad for their agricultural produce he' si 1,
prelleMen • esit to mantra ter relief : and be cosadestly consequence. (Hear, hear.) I find in France, in E'en 0;
Medea est, whateveg %be :ewe effect, the relief eon- our nearest neighbours, mck of which ludointil s sr,
teatipleki by the hos. gsatleman would foe the mem; and period, ample protection to their native produce .rf
1;-„,7
Plain. whet: ---61
siassuis to some. in He bulk and salistanee, go to the oe- their sediltural productions depressed in mien ando"t.,7
tenant. (Hear, hear.) While rejoicing in the oecupy tenants complaining that it h impossible -;;,"
Madltion of the ems of community, and be- that, the land at pment prMs. I say, then, thereto
O„.."'''
llss*ltkat Men • large portion of the pearmatry were in a appear to be pervading many Doiustrim in Europe the no.—
state Owe )Mir average osinforts, _
_he *men the °acidities causes of depression of which we cm
of the thembig elms and etas agrfeartneellaboute through- same muses may not have led to it, whether the were."'-"'-
out ship melee el Ilaghml---10 my netking of Ireland- ssani.y of 3or 4 years may not have stimulated pre i ~,
was mask este domed the serefad shiseatem of the house. or Whether the prices of eons may not have been aff 'enens-;
Deakins ers he wee Ora the knees Menai &ma disLositicts an mnuutslly productive harvest following on a year 're..,...“:
to aid sad smesmap. AIM gmemits and yeamemy their scarcity, I will not andertske to say, but the fact *Our'''. ;'
struggle with isle eel em ileitemitt of the vast many countries of Europe having the advents 01 a --tad'
national inteneele elenMeettesl with die weieteessee of our tion, there are the same complaints oflirl w "Iri.h.„--e.
domestic eirdeeihne• be wee still Mm emboss eh 4, be- and coneequent distresses exist here. (Hear, hear ) '' ''',.
liming that the bet Idlest of their fisependesm woad be, I came into the houses gentlemen has done me the k• 6iroen-
and in some immense already had bees, a great Emitter- to place in my hands these papers. The one is Inedo,o„--
tient of the esiplegmest affirded by the farmers end severe from Antwerp, dated 9th February, 18.50, whielt nar.' -,0,
distress among the peessatry. (Hear, hear.) Looking at the state and prospects of agriculture there, it si'ete,th.;
the peesently themesives, the removal of the taxes on bricks "at our to-day's market the trade we generally 'il ''', en-
sued timber, which he hoped speedily to se, would have the turn of pekes was in favour of the buyer, thengliu'ie en-
cad
immenlisto besting upon them. Bo small was their not expect any important cheerio, the value of Mtn
re
ri be-
'-
=VAof tea, coffee, sugar, =limes, currants, already tai depressed to pay tee rents of our farr,
that the relief from a remission of (Hear.) Theother paper is a circular from Nante. sod roe- o
those taxes would be altogether tnfiing, and certainly the same date, it elates, " that the price of e„i.n o"-.,
in no degree to be compared with the benefit they would de- present very low everywhere in Europe -b7
rive from a mere cheerful resolution on the part of the taking into consideration the prod .1,14., ' '
farmer to persist is his endeavour to improve the cultivation some dour oats and the best brands of flour, our marina
ry of the count and to maintain hie struggle. (Hear, hear.) now offers the best opportunity of investing money et l
As to tobacco and malt, no one was prepared Lc a remission rata against the chance of a rise. The Itadine ..;:e4 '
of • single penny of the duty on either. They ought not, everywhere disposing of the crop, and the existence of
i'
then, to be deterred from voting for a proposition lust in sent prices in this pavt of France would soon inv.i'vs
itself, which committed them to no details, but only bound landed interest in ruto." (Hear, bear.) When I ~e that,
them to aprinciple-by any question about the law of means these countries, which have had the benefit cf free • Dor
and substance, still lingering, perhaps, in half •de :an pa- into the English market and protection in the it ownfeh,
risk's in Scotland-nor b'y any question about the law of I see in them agricultural prices so depressed that it '
rating railemds which no doubt required amendment-(hear, the ruin of the farmers isinevitable if that depression' Cai'
,
her)-nor of the inequality with which the poor rate was tissue, I conclude that causes other than the femoral
made to fell on the owners of tithe*. (Hear.) None of protection have mainly contributed to the production of the
these should drew them aside from considering the question distress which exists in this country as well as in others, a
before the home on its merits. The plan involved no such that probably there is some cause of the came nature whit:hiC.
overwhelming considerations as the transfer of 18 millions has produced our depression, operating throughout a gma
of taxation, nor was it likely to assist a revival of protection, pert of contioental Europe. (liner, hear.) Anothergroa
The right hon. Secretary for the Home Department said he on which I view with less anxiety than others the e:
should be open, when the surplus of the year was known, to dition and prosperity of agriculture is this-that I senor
coaster what charges could be transferred to the Conseil- with satisfaction the isereasing consumption of food in t
dated Fond without diminishiog or imiairing the principle country. (Hear.) It is in the tendency to increased censer
of local management. In this there was no absolutely irre- tion that I see, not only the indicstion of general cost
conciletble difference with the proposal itself-the differeace but the hope of permsoent improvement. (Hear.) In
was one rather of spirit and temper. He thought it of the course of last year, in addition to the great toasumpt
highe,t importance, when the party with which the hoa. of native produce, the people of this country hi
member for Bucks was connected had made a propoeal, not imported merely, but have consumed-Guar, hear
relying on grounds whose abstract justice could not be and paid for, by the produce of their own lire
disputed, that some disposition should be shown to meet 5,600,000 quarters of wheat. (" Hear," and cheers.) And f
him in a friendly spirit. (Hear, hear.) large consumption of foreign grain has not dimini-bee
Mr. WILSON oppesed the motion, and quoted floes, to consumption of wheat of our own produce. (Bear.)
prove that free trade had been and must continue to be a 1849. as compered with 1848, thee: has been an jetties
source of prosperity to Great Britain. If he were asked why the consumption of British grown wheat, and at the 1
such low prices for agricultural produce now prevailed, he time there has been the enormous consumte ion I hay. 0
would reply that the high prices here, in consequence of the of 5,600,000 quarters, not of Indian corn, not of outs or
scarcity of 1847, had given a stimulus to the cultivators of but of that noblest grain, wheat. (Much cheerite
the soil in the foreign corn-growing countries to incrusts whom has that wheat been consumed ? (Hear, r.,
their supplies. He argued that fixing upon the capitalist or When you are asking for proofs of the improved coctliti
fundholder a portion of the burdens now paid by the land- the country, wit, should you enter into cry •
owner, would be nothing else than forcing the former classes details ? 5,600,000 quarters o foreign wheat have hes,
to make a gratuitous present to the latter. This could not ported, paid for, and consumed-(o, at)-and by wr.
be celled justice. No arguments could be fairly based upon (Hear.) Not by the upper classes, for 1 will venture t.
our present prices, because we were existing under circum- that the quantity of bread eaten by the arisv.eric, it
stances altogether exceptional. In Wiltshire, where he bed very little increased in amount, nor ass the quoi:o
spent the recess, the labourers were better off than they had sensed by their establishments increased to any ext. 7A:-
been for two yeare past. The deficiency in the crops of 1848 the middle classes-those in comfortable eircurces
had been 23, 30, and 40 per cent. in various counties in Eng- though probably their consumption of luxuries to
land; and, notwithstanding the large importations the pre- periods of prosperity end low prices increase, their C.A..e
sent stocks were light, showing that the whole had been ab- tion of the great element of human life does not. II
sorbed. Six countries supplied the great bulk of our im- No, this great Inc aaaaa has taken place In e• r 00,....,
ported corn; and concerning the conditions of thou the better condition of those who live by tat ur.
countries the hon. seemlier gave many details, to show cheers.) You cannot have the increase el sat::
that they could not permanently continue their supplies, quarters 'except by millions of mouths being r.
except at prices that need afford no alarm to the (cheers)-and, sir, I want no other indication of et
British producers. The hon. member for Buckinghamshire prosperity. 1 except, of course, the agricultural ,o:
had proposed to benefit the farmers by the establish- nity, whose distress I admit and lament;; but I aat
meat of a sinking fund, but there had been during the whole better indication of general ease and increasine to
period a sinking fund in the cellars of the Bank of England than the stoking fact, that there has been an Mere
which had been withdrawn from speculation in consequence of the consumption of bread, and bread of the best o
the agitation to whi .h he had alluded. (Hear.) There had which is perfectly unparalleled. (Renewed cheers
been also a great number of exceptional circumstances you can continue that consumption, and under Ono .
calculated to taus disturbance, but when gentlemen asked continue the Mound for labour, and make trade sat
whether the present prices were likely to be permanent, he nufactures prosper, I Bay we are not only inereasite .
could safely answer in the negative, his fear being rather sum of hum in happiness, but we are gins; to the Agri,.
that there would soon be a reaction, and an inconvenient turista of this country the best assurance of its
advance in priest (Laughter.) Let them remember that increased demand which most tend to their prosperity slap.
it was only two years since Paris and Roueu were supplied I cannot but think, when we are speaking of the supplyino
from Norfolk, and that wheat was exported in considerable of Manchester, Birmingham, and the great it is dotort.-
quantities to the Rhenish provinces. In fact, it was hard to when we consider the nature of the demand for nor:tors:
say what the prices might come to when the present low produce, that that demand ,s not limited to corn, ' o. •l.r. .t
stocks Were exhausted. He was prepared to say that if they extends to meat, milk, cheese, butter, and other pro 100-1
examined all the corn ports of Europe, from °dust round to cannot help thinking that, with the exercise et Ci, its:. •:..:,
Minnie, they would find there was • less stock on hand than and energy, the agricultural interest, having ouch a .terciroi
there had been for several years before. lie could only ell, in their own immediate vicinity, need not tear co:-
that having taken a careful survey of the whole of Europe. petition from any quarter. (Cheers.) Sr. I :. i
he had no fears for the British farmer in the competition ; fir not give my assent to the addl.. is in an.iv r ..)
taking every circumstance into consideration, he believed there the speech front the throne under any impression 'E.: .:
was no man who had more advantages in the pursuit of his was intended to slight the distress which exists in the .:-..
occupation. It was impossible to look over the face of this cultural districts. (Hear, hear.) 1 nough the words .....
country, and not to admit the great things the farmer had were that "there were complaints." 1 understood thr. o
done in bringing waste and sterile districts into cultivation. mean an admission of a distress and a wish to rerretie o.
In Scotland he had reclaimed morasses and mosses ;in Lia- and if that were not the construction I put upon ii-o I
celoshire he had drained swamps ; and in Wiltshire he had had thought there was any intention to slight or pass 'I
converted Salisbury P.aio into a smilingeore field. (Cheers.) the complaints of the agricultural interest as unworthy of
He could never believe, then, that the British farmer-the notice, that address in answer to the speech shouid Usti:
man that had effected such changes-need fear competition have had my support. (Hear, bear) I took es an ad.
with the Russian serf, who had long land carnage, and long mission by the crown and the government that dimes!
water carriage, to add to tee difficulties arising front his own did exist and that sincere sympohy was telt for
intrinsic inferiority. (Cheers.) those who were suffering it. (Hear. hear.) 1 wit:
Mr. BUCK said that the speech of the hon. member for now apply myself to the speech of n.y right hoc.
Westbury had little to do with the motion before the house. Inen I, the member for Oxford University, and sail
The government admitted the existence of agricultural die- proceed to state the grounds on which I differ from the m-
iens, but proposed no mesns of relief-in fact their argu- elusions to which he has arrived. My right hop. treed
ments went to show that all landed property should be con- takes the motion made by the hon. member for Boca,. sod
finsted. All our interests had been sacrificed ;at home and says he is at perfect liberty to dismiss all extrinsic cu.:dere
in our colonies the evidences of the results of free trade were tions, and to deal with the abstract proposal rely. I ::'et
apparent. How different was the conduct of the United from my right hon. friend in this. ( Gear, hear) It o i-ry
States. There the government professed to follow the well to say to a young member of the house, "1 ms. a
example of England when her policy made her what she proposal ter the houn to resolve itself into commitce. :sea
was, and if Britain put the extinguisher upon the industry all questions will be open for discussion-hen my pro: 'ii
which had elevated her to her proud position amongst when we go into committee, reject those which v.O th re
nations the result must b 3 national rain. are objectionable, modify others which you may t- :tx
Mr. G. BERKELEY contended that in many
the country with which he was intimately acquainted, it was discharge oury duty, and if you cannot arree with me.:,:ra
iric•il 510 w.., ,
distrista of capable of modification-then justly and CO!IPC1.11!:',1
impossible to raise more corn than could be now produced, will then be justified in refusing my t r , ..
hear.)
1 11 t.. A
tural labourers must be thrown out of work; yet there was this, with the farmer." (Rear, he .
tenants and the :mot
and if even the present prices were maintained, the agricul- and at the same time have shown a disposition to evo. ,s-
-no feeling of discontent, however great the distress. But the impression which the occupying
h.
~..,
how could thin live on their present wages, dictated by free farmers of this country will have it we agree to t .• m ....
trade. The time would come ere long when the *gnus'. (Hear.) Ido not say the hon. gentlemon 14 Chart(' t• .e 7,
turists would be righted. any attempt at deception, but let us crafter the c r..-
posal was made-at least I thought so, though 1 amt
Sir R. PEEL next spike. He said-Whatever other
motive I might hare for addressing the house, the necessity it I um.
I feel of taking s course different fens that which will be certain now what was meant-te lautk )-but a.
stances under which we ere discussing the question. o -
Proposition was made in the amends:lot to
suet- address, with a view to test the o; i oon of
taken by my right hon. friend, the member for the Univer- stood
. it, a.lnoPlwi .,
sity of Oxford (Mr. Gladstone), would be with me • the house ma
cient reason ffir not desiring to arrive at an opposite -"I a.
hear."andof "No °I The too
Hear,
conclusion to that of my right hon. friend without explaintog not. (
member for ' Northampton IMr. Stattord) adm•tted :
the grounds on which I do so. (Hear, hem I have the
so, and said he -would not therefore 5 :roe it'
obta.dec sion whether protection should be rest red
geeatest respect for my right hon. friend. Re was associated
with me in the preparation of those measures to the effect souse .
h : coesiderol as lt•
non, for the question of protectioi . - , .
of which he partly attributes the circumstances which .
clil- N n t permanently and for ever dectue.. -
have led to the conclusion to which he has come. (Cheers.) ceded-(No)-not (
tera)-thea • • of this parliament was c ocerces
From my right honourable fiend I derived the moat that,sa
:1; poaawas not bit law ' 'r
lmto occupy its time is wl at mu.; he a need.ess ,liscue
zealous support and most effective sesistance in the prepare- the revival. protection . agrichuhra!„.,,re
tion of those measures, and I have now some consolation which they were entitled on so
that compensation to
when he tells us-though in respect to this motion we arrive
tof the removal of protection. Last year the hat me, .7
at opposite conclusions-that his confidence in the justice of .
that a motion was made to give to the
Ica than 1',000,0001. sterling, and to:
those principles on which he contended for the commercial
policy which for the last four years has been pursued remain" eke
land
wee
not
eageneral- and local taxation " •-°
unshaken. (Hear.) Before, however, I address myself to j they contributed toh the
u.ten
not less than 14.0
my right hon. friend's remarks, I wish to state in regard to 1 country, includint classeselawedre
ex,empt.
(lieu, best "
the agricultural interest that I do not deny that it is at this i from which other
forßucks said the amount of the burden unfairly hero 1
c Imes forward and says, very 1 ,
moment suffering considerable distress-(cheers)-that for
" I will tot urge that extensive question sow, bo . •
that distress I feel on every account the warmest sympathy the hon. gentleman
l l oval of Utah= hearing on the 10 • •
-(a voice from one of the protectionist benches oh prop •a part.* rem
dear," followed by some slight laughter from the samebutam the first of &series of measures. oriel
be deceived, this is
quarter, and loud cheers and calla to order I and adopting the same pro
from the other parts of the house.) I hope, will follow incorporate y.. _
as s
esm,,.i.
ei lel and we bring this forwent
sir, the house wilt be of opinion that I take --oP , a aamiimwi„,, reoden.i -
total interest to the ount of 2.000,000 i. a year. too .•''
protection, as
the most becoming course ia passing without further notice for
the inarticulate sound with which the hon.we ate'
no assumes that hereafter, if ,
..
interrupted me. (Loud cheer* from all sides.) I wish to con-
But
he
gives
. us
he will not run* the weole yi'm ,'
eider this subject with the respect to which it is entitled, and Present motion'
(More softo - -
which is due to the magnitude of the interests involved. tection. He proposes s removal.
ci
notice''
that this i,
gentleman has necessary and just by the removal of Protect"'
cheering.) I believe those inarticulate sounds are as
powerful as will be the hon. gentleman's argument should measure closing .
the account, the it i
ural interest ought to to si: , •
real property, lining us distill
.t.7"n'ot a r, ~.
debt,and the tr...... 1
s attempt to answer me. (Renewed cheering.) But I
shall nut be disturbed or p ted by hint from entering instalment of a great . ,
..,
that it is a small
..he
,_his 0.,„,, t. r ...
with which the agncult
into the consideration of the question. (Hear, hear.)
know not why the hon. gentleman should doubt my sun. balance of the deb?, And ther t
by theel motion, tor it the' ,'..
pathy with the agricultural interest; my own interests are say that e deceivedare
Uthat is re, usual. hey too:
intimately connected with its fortunes, and if any measures for it, and
then fail to yield •
1, ,:o
will be no satisfaction given h. e
...::,,,,
to which I have been a party, however convinced I might he recollect that then
(Bear . o
____,
whit,.
of their general policy or general benefit to the country, if I admission of the claim.
adoptionl ,
_°''
oari to o.
the instalment be paid, well prreowicitt,,ttu
sombre'
,‘,....
found they had affected any special or peculiar in- FroP•siticles
nefit of theta for whom it is id,
teres, with distress, I should feel the deepest sympathy b• en
o. ition of the thee, • v. '
for those upon whom such suffering was entailed. (Cheers.) proposal is made previous 0.0 tt ii, ,
b the CD:Otede of the I' .. .
I say this, also, that if it be true that the occupying tenants condition of the country y _
and will its.
... t , bell' de."iga - ..,
ouse under such cireanstano-_,
of the country, are not willing to reduce the amount of labour,
lof taxation shall be placed on t
and are making exertions to prevent that distress under mine that 2,0°40M-• , s L., ‘,„ le oo
quer ; and will the h .
of this on the financial prostolelO at.
at__,,,, sr: oh 31'
which they may be suffering from visiting those on whims eelliffithsd fund ? (Hare near-,
1' he country. lot .
I labours they depend, they hare on that account en additional
claim to our respectful consideration. (item, bean) But, to consent to the tirst of • series I, or.
el
... cea„ ,
the surplus of lb, le", •
the
while I admit the distress that exists, I do not view with cop-hoe the whole of
which, if followed up, spprop
prehension and despondency the future condition of the het ause, upon the ...r..'
agricultural internee. (Hear, bear.) Prides the whole of
will
I may refer plus for several years to
_eionse,
lens that he sill %Jo'
to the frequent occasions on which during nen rro'''
nano, of protection the distress of the agricultural interest total exemption of real oerty from taxa . ,
lit" mint of our beano ir"
was adverted to in the speech from the theme, and now that
the 'mime. now put, the hon. member
our having the annua eiate
1.„.
whole
of
the
..,i,..
protection was loot, some of those causes which affected theidated PAO, Is that .I.
agricultural interest at those periods of distress are a charge of 2,0% d
1:.
tin the
demon himself to hoot.,
without doubt again epentiog. (Hear, hear.) But as there hie ? I undentan t e on. gen .
_, e
ii;,,„
then, I am.intvited toi appropriate b
. I
of blic lead. the
was recovery then,. I Imps there will be recovery now,
the maintenance flu t
and that thou who are interested in the prosperity of that interest was.., , . iacreas„.,) r.e.
of interest, and rho Illwaf ,`" a I
Yalu
interest will set prejudice their cause by the propegatios of alt, • reit! . ,
i Weir Cparges.
muttered interest to ower
needier alarm. (Hear, hear.) But this course has unfor- I two adr in his observations et that '
Wastely bee* taken on former occasions, and it is so now. I filers was Feat fora in
one of the great. sources of relict , tn

r.*: .4

s, r::