The Express.
London, England, 1850-03-15 00:00:00

HUM WATNy AT UIIITON.2III.Or.

TVs. Pal— smog. . M. flos.
I ...we —Mama& at. itak.......... .111Mmai. 1.. Ma.

LONDON, FRIDAY, MARCH 15.

Wiiste the majority of a groat country or a great
repeal has come to eutertaiu r rtain political opinions
aced to zealously support them, there is no use in
me.. ly anathematising 0~ opinions; there is no
tope of re rating theca by abtoe, or of extinguishing
tIrM by the eloquence of scolding.
'the serious fact, which has jest been consummated
it. Poi., is that 130,000 elemors have just recorded
(mime or a republic to a mosaichy, of eyes
it time:lot to reaction, and of the most turbulent
&rectory to a geeernment of soldiers and policemen.
We n t only do not bell. ve, but we perfectly well
know dust such men as Ile FLoTTE and VIDAL do nut
retereeet the op niers of the majority of the Parisians.
T., Pl' j..rity of the Parisians are not admirers of the
ama it/. of June. Still 1, se are they socialists,
t,ieo r, oeh M. Loris BLANC, that the payment of
Wore upon (spit& is illegitimate and wrong. The
elect n of Paris do nut entertain these ex-
treme end trantio opinions. But they have
found it necessary to recur to them, or at
Lee so the mea holding them, as the most energetic
edia.ent protest agonst the tendencies pursued by
the ;; r.rntnet t. aid agaitist the doctriees avowed by
th• to . more party in the Assemb!y. Na debate
r..:et in that house co any great question, he
Tutees does not take the opportunity ot
e,now.,ina the republic, and regretting the mo-
utons.. To Wool: the revolution and toe popular
rani, tie regular elapitrep of every orator ; and
et en su b provocative* reuse th•Nlountaini ere, as they
se e•lied, to p•Oil le, they are instantly
Cll. .1 to order. and muleted of their pay
by dor Paestorxe. 'The republicans are not elloweo
in of speech or fairness of reply in the Assem-
bn. T is take their revenge in the electoral urn.
A 4 c t .ttey alone, but the moderate and the
pe..sebl,, liar/ad at the pro: pact of military govern-
:. t.- dna monarchic reaction, p-efer voting for the
11l Ile,. • title t .ey do not trust, to supporting the
to wbom they despise and dread.
wii: be band to s.y that bad the great no-
es- of the Frt.:eh:pc:ideal world, the post and ants-
.t.re accepted tnu revolution and the republic,
riatormed their conduct and their language to
h.. sr state of [Air p, whieb, whether desirable or
.is And was ev:tatle, socialism would not have
oe: as i: has dory, nor woul'i ultra-democracy
ir .axed at o.lee in poser and in rancour. It is
etempt and the fear sown of the people ; it is
of cercioa and military rule, °pint,-
C: and g:oried in ; it has been the trio:ls-
e...tr. without trial; the under Lining and destroy-
;ci popu:ar aid local liberties ; the re-
•. tei a of the Jesuits ; the re-installation of
end above all, the perseverance in levying
most onerous taxes and those most weighing upon
e • the.. measures, adopted and persisted
• I: gniy eonservaive, have proved most seriously
le slually der motive. Tney have produced the
▪ wi tit and last warning given to bad govern-
!.•s. their desertion by she neutral and the mod!-
. and the coeseqiient turning of the majority
e. them.
• our pert, we were never admirers of the Paris
:tier' of February, which was uncalled for, had
a wooed neater here taken place but fur hk.
4cor.ret aid blunders of mute very persons,
tow farm ma deed the conservative party.
seen tee deed was done, there was evidently
it: let bat ti ateept the accomplished fact, and
d',• •r..e to els r' line before which the upper
rd.d4l! chaises bleed their heads. Instead
that class which constituted what
teed god seciety, have been in a kind of
r.. It AU shorn of its gains, its
its Infleeece, is pleasures, its political and
predominance. We cannot but think that it
..a tare recovered sit in remaining true to the
...al.!. It las pre-erred seeking that recovery by
tee against the r. public, conspiring just as
iny as M. 1)L FL' ITe or any of his friends.
r see the reside
Le a.m.:trent and educated class had, we think.
I i•• poser and at its e.mmand, ample means and
haluitlt fee winning hack the popular mind, for
reel e tbut the interests of different null
err oeuosed; that the theorists wt ich preached
'nog erlim were as erroneous as they were
rums,. 'hits are a hushed ways of speaking to
peope—by act 111 by argument, by general policy
al. se by par.C.l:iit reasoning. But the upper
I.e • in Frairt disdained to adopt that necessary-
Ltoiserct of Ir edam, their directly addressing the
p.sr They shrunk away from each a task
.ay fastidiousness ; and placed their re-
'•r`, not in to u-e of reason and of
:, of exciliatios and generosity, but in
employ of brute knee, Dracocian legit's-
'. Illitery aid police government. is this that
,'defied the breee-.—this that has flung all the
14': on Oat aide, and slut is called good society
,t,e other. It is a mistake to coesider at as pro-
:: a' f tird against no property ; it is the fastidious
rice of au uppter e.ass egotist the intelligent and
mind of s lone sloe. which are ne.ibee in-
f tat t uneduated, and who having acquired the
of forgoer, will not be gov. reed as orates.
I •• entire internal po:izy of France in 1849 has
re.,
t, to aeknow'edge in the French people the
of the iuhabitents of the United States, and,
•iteirrpose upon thiswidest extension of human
.• government of soldiers, priests, ardpoiice-
• • ss NAroLEoe and CHAILes the TENTII,
C. or their imperialist and legitimist council-
s i.e. Is it a wonder that the bora attempt
ohina should produce discontent, Inc.r, d war ?
'er iar, we ronsiler this Freneb as the most
.h a aro oneness of people, if treated with
't' err- of faire el and wisdom. And this is
..(•• Pe the French people have acquired, by
give? ase.r.ta, and the valour uf their
, •
...so, • ir!te.eom ard a degree of power
_we !trinery politician can depr.ve them of.
watt 0,404 in by an iron work of titre-
h lave soothe a•d see, they have filed and
r:1:' '6 Tire bus vehicle ro.flned them; and the
"'"si'at with the mob, that they gendarmes!,
42. the ono vote, into the ens, arid fi.neitg
fu teal chapb to to the deceased heroes eat
rettht,...eaurefa;f:ifedtlaihiliesses?cairensetorvakt,tes:tahliadt
oieso of superiority which one must desire
k..aP—ir Were are to be reereted, and
an hwite invite they Inns* adopt towards
,„'plclrt. some whir language then that of military
emu other legic than that of insult and
ratite. The defenders of government muse net
4•' 't'd to do th it work by hiding in cabinet
' •
1,4* •ved c mho, ur military guard-
"• two' descend into the forum, and le.:rr
' tut enter end sutler the inconvseirnie ei
eu freedom.

A republic is not, perhaps, that kind of society in
wtich we should, the most of an, like to live. Bat
once a republic is establishad—we do not mean by
mere proclamation. but by the distribuion of pro-
perty, interests, influence, and ideas--all that is left
is to submit to it, sad mete the beet of it. By kick-
ing, and sare.ssming, and conspiring against it, like
M. Timis and M. Omer:, we may sow the whirl-
wind, not with the hope of allaying it, but with the
certitude of reaping the storm.

WE an GO anxious ma Lord AsnLuT or any of his
friend. can be to see the comforts of the labouring
rimers increased, their herd lot alleviated, their
m•wail and intellectual character raised by oppor-
tunities of instruction. Bat we are mare end more
convinced that Lord ARILLST end his friends are
a eking to attain these desirable ends by means
which can never lead to them.

Did we want additional proof of this position, we
would find it in Lord ASHLEY'S spreeh. He enlarged
at the Witt urn the extent to which the condition
of the factory lab..nrers hes been improved since the
passing of the Ten Hours Bill. He made no allow-
ance for the gecersl improvement in trade, in the
good effects of which the operatives must rf necessity
have te-n participators; nor do we, in the first place,
insist opm this topic. Their comparatively prosperous
()tradition we take to be admitted. Lord ASHLEY
next proceeded to expatiate on alleged evasions and
mi•constructiona of the Ten Hours Act. Nuw, if the

beneficial r. sults of that stiitute to which he had pre-
viously adver:ed were oorrectly statsd by him, arm of
two range must be true; either the evissions of
which he cumpkine must be great:), exaggerated,
supposing them to sxiet at all, or the improved con-
dliton of the operaives most have proceeded from
other cam 1.

Tee truth is, that Lord ASHLEY looks only to hi.
Ten Hours Bill; he leaves out of view every other
circumstance that during the last two years hu
affected the condition of the operative,. He over-
looks the redact d prices of the necinarles of life and
their slender luxuries; the gro iLg habits of prudent
foreeeight, the re.ult of savings bake and similar in-
stitution.; the increased intelligence attributable to
nr.re differ-ed education, tardy though its progress has
been. All the combined effee's of thee* many in-
fluences he at:ributes s le ly and eAirely to hid sling
bill. "The bill has done it all."

Men, however, t..king a wider range of °beet Teflon,
are forced to very d•fferent c3nelusione. Lord
Aatatfa bill has as yet only been tried in a maws
of prJaperity. A re-awakening demand for our menu-
(actor's, accompanied by more remunerative prices,
lass hitherto rendered it comparatively an easy matter
fir the mar usetniers to comply with its restrictions.
But how will it work when we come to be viei•ed by
une of thee', adverse aciaons which have hitherto, and
in all human likelihood ewer will, alternate with sea-
sons of pr, sper:ty ? Will the manufacturers, during
some period of stagnation, when to enable them to
keep abave water, they must curtail every superfluous
expenditure and tax their energies to the utmost,
be able to c imply as now with the attiticial
restric lone of the Ten Hours 811 ? Because his
frail b.rk has flawed safey on a summer sea, Lord
AMILCY fondly deems it C4ll breJat the storms of
winter.

But favourable thomch the times Lave been to Lord
&MUST'S hazard •us experiment, the mum he has
involuntarily pursued shows that he himself has no
idea whither the path upon which he hes er tered is
to lead him. He bedsit by asking h-gislative inter-
ference to protect children fiom bait g overworked;
be has gout, on to ask similar protection tor women.
Ile askei at first for an eleven hours, and next for a
ten hours bilL He has got his a cold request, and
already he has come back to the legislature
to lea fur new and more stringent regulations to en-
force those he tome ny persuaded them to make. He
cannot stop here. If his pres. nt dim-end is grant: d,
be will have to retu-n next year with a new one.
The moment e fatal principle was adop•ed of at-
tempi: g to present): to manufacturers how and by
what m-ans they were to condurt them operations, no
alternative was left but either to back out of the
mistake or to go on till it was carried to an extreme.
'fliers is no alternatim between lereing men free to
cotdemt their operati according to thee:lte-netts of
the circumstances of the moment, and leaving them
no °when but prescribing their every movement.
Wnat Lord ASHLEY wishes th, liee;ielen-e to do
now does cot clearly appear, but the legislature, to
judge by lest night s proceedings, rams well die-
posed to grant lim whatever he may aim. We may
therefore 10. k to have our manuf-eturing enterprise
elackled by fresh restriction.. T e manufociver
must conduct his business not as h s common sense
I and experience dictate's, but, as in Caine, according
to the leVer of a lew enacted by three who have nu
prettiest converserce with its detail,. Tne result for
the manufacturer it is not difficult to cmjecture ; and
if tLe manutacturer go s to the ground, what is to
beccmi of those who are dependent upon Lim fir
emol iyme..t?
Thus it is when a dreamy sentimentality is silo veld
to usurp the authority due to memo alone. The rela-
tions between mil Ter and employed are infinitely
more satisfantory now than they were about this
period of last century. We speak not of fac•ory
labout ere and employers alone, but of all. And how
has this been brourt.t about? The working classes
have risen in inn lligr nc; ; they know better what is
due to them, and how to assert it. Their einpl jets,
too, Lave grown wire:, and learned tr.st justice to
their servants is the bed policy. More humane sen-
timents, a deeper reverence for what is worthy in
humanity,animates all clasan. To this the improved
and improving cond.tion of the labouring classes
is mainly attributable ; and this may be
safely relied upoa to carry on the good
work of social improvement. To rely upon
the tireless letter of a law for such • consummation
is to trust what cannot help us. To fetter the inven-
tive genius of anterp. lee by prescribing rules to which
it must c inform in all circumstances is not cnly to
perslyss improvement but to turn back its tide.
inie honourable members of the Horse of Com-
mons were nettled last n'et to Lear themselves
charged with communistic teudeticier. Before indig-
nantly rebutting the charge they would have done
well to ask themselves how far it might be trur. A
fate principle is as dangerous, when associated with
mild and plausible manners, as when allied to
frantic excess. A mieconoeption may be as fatal
in its consequences when it 'ekes possession
of decorous lords and clergymen as e hen it instigates
red republicans. The principle of the socialist and
that upon which Lord ASHLEY proceeds, are at
bottom the sane. That principle is to rely upon
formal laws, to the exclusion cf the moral principle
in man ; to sat i.ute machine-like drilled creatures
of positive enactment forfree men acting upon retired
and enlightened convictions. There is no safety, there
is no ht.pe, in such a system.

Loan CMITLZBEAGII has given notice of his inten-
tion to move u an amendment on the Irish Franc Ase
Bill, that the rating test of qusliti. stioa for county
electors be rai-ed from eight p,nds to :melee.

What the ;wails re o natuf the motives msy be,
which kites induced the aob'e re pm -ntivive for the
con ty of Meth to make such a prtposition, we do
not pretend to know or to it qu're. From Vie time
and re :or of his observations daring tho discussions
thst t.ve ncently mikeu place on vlritius p art ions of
the bill, we h•od almost hoped that Lad CASTLE-
S/MAI was inclined to adopt more lib,ral views of
Irish policy than those entertained iu general by his
party. On one c r two occasions he Amorally refused to
rote with them is their blunt and bigoted attempts
to waist tke vtry qualifi• d and guaroed concessions
proposed by the ministerial measure. Tne LinuLual
spectacle if an Irish tory recalcitrant, taboo
ordered by his commanding officer of the Calton
to give tno rights and claims of Ifs countrymen
no quartor—excit• d mingled litlitsgs of pleasure
and seep ise. There was a r ont,ar piq.rrncy,
more vt r, in this partieul tr instanc- ; for tarokLord
I.O,IIXiNDERRT tau et nti• g his mint noble age
agaitot thvyrriihyterian farmers and elertry of Ulster,
to this Upplr 11. e, Lis ann was Giving Ott...AMC, iu
the Lower to bland word.. wt o h Old erred to
depree an a isoutinuanct of that t it.l system of legis-
Istiv, &Larne, so long ciliaraeterTsiog =lied 1 legis-
ia inn with relfct to Ireland.
_ _

Bet it would appiar that either the natural grind
disp widows of the noble viscount have been over-
borne by the evil c‘inioela of othe.v, cr t Al he alto
has rel 'peed bee the ioveterrts habit. of jesloqsy and
tear whe ewith his d 111., se a clam, have alw,iye ie.
warded the m •ra of the Irish peoplo. Ills idea of
trestint bona fide a toaribtu“iicy in Ireland
which ex Its in Evglll. d, hl!. even
Lead CASTLZREAUII with apprehension. If owes