The Express.
London, England, 1857-09-15 00:00:00

AUSTRIA.

The Oat Deutsche Post, a very ministerial organ,
is of opinion that "the interview at StottFart is an
event which should set Germany thinking." It
adds that there are many parts of the Eastern ques-
tion vet unsolved, and that the military resources of
England are absorbed in India.

The Bavarian Bank of Munich has raised its rate
of discount from 5 to 54 per mat.
The King of the Belgians has arrived at Milan.

AUSTRALIA.

ARRIVAL OF TILE ANGLO-SAXON.
CUT MEMOIR AirD MAGNETIC TELEGRATM)

(TROY OVA OWN CMIRE.PONDLIIT.)
LIVERPOOL, TI
The ship Anglo Satan, Captain Welsh, arrived off
the port this morning.
She left June 1, and has brought on freight
15,000 ounces of gold.
Iler news is anticipated.

The following telegraphic despatch has been re-
ceived by the Times:

"LITTLEHAMPTON, TUESDAY N.RWING.

"The ship George Marshall, from Sydney, with
120 passengers and 100,000 sovereigns, has arrived."

ITALY.

TUSCANY.
The Crown Prince Ferdinand has been serionvly
attacked with fever and measles at Arezzo.

(71031 OUR OW COILIMPONDENT.)

NAPLES, SEPT. 7.

A very daring act has lately excited the attention
and astonishment of the whole neighbourhood of La
Cava and Salerno. On last Tuesday night, as Sig.
Consiglio—some say the British vice-consul, others
say the uncle of the vice-consul—was returning to his
home, he was arrested by a body of armed men,to the
number of fourteen. Not having any money on his
person, he was menaced with death unless I,OOW.
were sent by his family to procure his release, and
the coachman and one of the party were imme-
diately sent off to Victri to procure the stun
demanded from Madame Consiglio. To prevent
immediate pursuit an assurance was also given
that if any attempt were made to betray them be-
fore the money was consigned Signor Consiglio
would be murdered. The banditti then decamped
to the mountains, and after great efforts the ransom
was sent and Signor Consiglio was released. Who
and what the men are who committed this outrage
I cannot as 3et inform you. They may form a por-
tion of those who were released by the
wise and paternal discretion of his Majesty
in the early part of the year, and some
of whom were suspected of having murdered
poor Illandford ; or they may be of the number of
those whom bad government or misgovernment con-
tinually reduce to misery and crime. Thus the
prisons are hotbeds where every worst feeling
towards the actual government is generated, and
lawlessness and crime are created by anticipation.
Many, too, whose names or antecedents expose them
to the suspicion of the authorities have no other re-
source than that of putting themselves, not beyond
the protection of the law, but beyond the violence
of power, by becoming f!oruscifi—dwellers
in the fastnesses of mountains, whence they
issue at times to levy black-mail for their main-
tenance. That such a state of things should exist in
a civilised age appears to be almost incredible • and
yet it is no less true that in various parts Of the
country there are some hundreds thus scattered about
who lice by violence, because the injustice and folly
of the government prevent them from living in any
other way. We are the more impressed by this re-
cent act of violence, be cause of the locality in which
wascommitted—near some of the favourite summer

resorts of travellers as well as Neapolitans—
close to Salerno, the second city in the kingdom—
and in the high-road from it and Victri to Amalfi.
This fact is another of those signs which illustrate
the condition of the country and afford a sufficient
answer to the deceptive descriptions which arc often
given us of the peace, order, and prosperity of the
Kingdom of the Two Sicilica. It is not long since, I
believe, that in the same neighbourhood a gentleman
was stopped and robbed of 10,0001.
The Centaur, Captain Clifford, was last reported
off Victri, having been on a cruise some days in the
Bay of Salerno. It is expected in Naples to-day.
From the diplomatic changes which have taken
and arc taking place here, Naples might be regarded
as taking her place as a third-rate power. The
English and French ministers have now left nearly
a year, and cannot with common decency or self-
respect return until a very different state of things
is introduced here. The Spanish minister returned
to Madrid some months since, and the Spanish secre-
tary, M. Conte, is about to leave on promotion to be
chief of one of the burenux of the Forciim-office.
The Prussian minister left, on leave of absence
for three months, last Sunday. The Russian mi-
nister, M. Kakoschkine, has not been replaced, but
the first secretary, M. de Poggcnpohl, has
been appointed chargé d'affaires. At the same
time, M. do Nlinciaky has been appointed Secretary
of Legation. The inference drawn here, therefore,
is, that no minister will be appointed by Russia,
otherwise no secretary would have been appointed,
and the locum tenon would have been "charge
des affaires." Such, at all es cots, is the delicate
diplomatic distinction drawn, I am informed, be-
tween " charge des" and " chargi, d'affaires." Now,
if my reasoning is correct, what is the meaning
of this movement? It is well known that
both the Russian and the Prussian ministers made
strong though unavailing efforts to bend the mind
of the Sovereign to better thoughts; and it is more
than suspected that there has been a less friendly,
feeling than formerly between the courts of Si.
Petersburg and Naples. Whether this change is the
latest expression of it, time must unfold.
A pamphlet has been circulating in Naples
recently, bearing the title, as far u 1 can learn, of
" II tentativod'insurrezione procurato da Palmerston,
Cavour, e Nlaxsini." It is also called
" The Fourth Memento." Of course a parallel is
drawn between the d istinguished ministers of England
and Sardinia and the two red republicans. That
which is most worthy of comment is, that in a country
where breathing is not free, such works should be
permitted. Of course, the only conclusion to whichwe
can conic is that the government views such attacks
with favour, and in the persons of Palmerston and
Cavour, opposes itself to all progress and reform.
Nor must I omit to mention the circulation here,
verysecietly, of a medal which indicates the existence
of a most dangerous feeling, spite of the assurances
I that all is "Peace, peace." This medal hasbeen cut in
Naples, I am informed, in honour of the memory of
Agesilao Milano, who made an attempt on the life
of the King in December last, and of Baron Ilenti-
vegna, who headed an unsuccessful revolution in
Sicily in the early part of the year.

AMERICAN RAILWAYS.

PROW ova OWN CORRERPONDINT.)

NEW YORK, Sm. 2.

One of the chief causes of the pressure on our
market is the mismanagement of our railway affairs.
We shall suffer sooner or later as mighty a railway
crash as England experienced a few years ago, and
with frauds far more numerous if not so stupendous.
The common impression is that America has built
roads too fast. This is a gross mistake. Too many
rival lines have been built, and many fatal mis-
takes were committed in their early construe-
' tion. But our railways as a system could have
survived all this. The difficulty has arisen
chiefly from the reckless, incompetent, fraudulent,
or injudicious management. In the great majority
of instances, the managers of railways know little
of their business, and the entire management is left
in the hands and under the sole direction of the pre-
sident, who is generally either a large stockholder
or a speculator, or both. l' early all the leading roads
in America are controlled in Wall-street and by the
speculators in Wall-street, and dividends are de-
clared or withheld, stocks forced on the market,
or driven from it. solely with reference to indivi-
dual speculation. The actual value of a road,
the cost of its management or construction,
_

the cost of running, its earning or losses, its debti
or its actual wealth, have very little to do with the
value of sale of ibs stock in Wall-street. Sometimes
one operator carries for a while a whole road, and
plays his cards to suit his own purpose. Oftener a
combinatiou of men effects the same purpose. But
in almost every ease the result to the stockholder is

.

the same . he is sacrificed. Orders for the purchase
or sale of stocks are made by holders on the quoted
prices of the Exchange. But in the great majority
of eases the broker and speculators connected with
the road are the only parties who make money. It
is an ingeniously constructed system of gambling,
where all honest stockholders are likely to lose their
money.
There is another difficulty, however, in the rail.
way system of America which could be remedied,
and the remedy of which would at once introduce a
new and better state of things. Rates for con-
veyance, especially of passengers, must be raised.
The average rate now on American roads is hardly
one English penny per mile. Competition of rival
lines has reduced these rates too low. This is
the case, it is now admitted, even with the British
and continental roads, where the rates of transporta-
tion are much higher. Itoads, which do not make
money cannot honestly declare dividends. But
many of our roads have declared dividends
never earned, and borrowed mosey to pay it.
It is a disgrace to the civilisation of the age that
individual property in the hands of incorporated
institutions should be so insecure. In America it is
more insecure than in almost any other country.
Yesterday was the worst financial day New York
has seen for twenty years. To-day is and must bo
worse. Beyond it, monied men see relief. The
news from every quarter of the country shows a
better financial condition than we have in'NewYork.
The season is favourable for the crops, and almost
everything is secure except Indian corn. If that
crop ripens, we shall beyond all question have the
most abundant harvest ever grown in America.

DENMARK AND HOLSTEIN.

TO THE EDITOR OP THE EXPETEE,

SIR,—In your yesterday's impression there wee a
communication from Holstein, stating that the Diet refused
to discuss the project of a constitution laid before it by the
Danish government, and there was added the notice that the
lest attempt of conciliation made by the government, there-
fore, had been rejected purely and simply.
It appears by this ea if Denmark bad exhausted all
means to reconcile oho Duchy, and as if the latter
obstinately refused the most ruinous offers on the pert of
the kingdom.
Your well-known impartiality will allow me, I em sure,
to state how in reality the matter stands.
I will not go beck to the year ISIS audits strange features.
I will tot ask whether there was or was not a revolution,
whether in the Duchies or at Copenhagen.

Neither will I recall the Nampa gas of 1848 and 1649,
fought by the army of Holstein, a member of the German
confederation' under the command of Preosian Generals
appointed by the authority of the confederation, end with the
aid of the troops of almost every German Prince,
The fact is, that in 1850, Holstein was lett alone in war
against the Kingdom, and that the Dunl'h army nevertheless
won out able to subdue the Melly. To restore penes, Aus-
tria and Prussia sent troops to Holstein, and tbe army of
Holstein, laying down their arms beflae the German
the Duchy was not delivered up to the Danish nuthorr
fore diplomatic transactions between the two powers and Den-
mark had resulted in a treaty, by which the government en-
gaged to wears by a constitution certain fundamental rights
of the Duchy concerning the position to be occupied by It in
the so-called Danish monarchy.
According to this treaty a proclamation of the Ring of
Denmark announced to the inhabitants of the Duchy that the
matter definitively was to bo settled in this is.v.
But up to the present day these rights Lave not been
realised by the government, and the very prep ct of • ecinsti-
teflon that just now has been lying before the Diet did not
mention these rights in a single clause.
This is the simple reason, air, why the Diet refused todiretus
the draft till the relations between Holstein and Der,orst
were definitively settled. So powerieo an organ es yore
journal is of the liberal party of so great and free a nation en
the English, yam will estimate, I am convinced, the tight of
the people, even if it is against the government, and you only
wanted, I am confident, to know the plain facts ;si order to
agree with my countrymen, who do net demand anyth'eg
but what is due to them, and what the influence of the Desk;
—a foreign people—will not admit to be given to them.
These facts, in the meantime, will eufli. iently explain the
remarkable phenomenon of • representative assembly "elect-
ing a liberal constitution proposed by the government," PI
spoken of by your own correspondent in his letter from
Copenhagen of the 6th inst.
Suppose, sir, England to bedivided into several independent
states, as mho was at the time of the Heptarchy, and the oe
states to be confederated as the German states are still at pre-
sent. Suppose there may be then a duchy of Kent or of Sus-
sea, and a reigning duke gained the crown of Belgium. Ard
as King of Belgium, one of his successors remolves to Maur-
, poste with hie kingdom the duchy in a sort of " whole
state;" to make the duchy a province of this whole
state; to introduce in it the foreign languar, as
1 Denmark doing against Schleewig-Holstein, in the
L command of the army, in school and in church
to introduce the foreign coin in the business of the market and
of every day, confiscating the pence sad shillings sad rove-
reigns wherever they may be seized, and mulcting the ms
• habitants who make use of them; to introduce the foreign
,1 rates and taxes and government duties, &e., &c. Would
the men of Sussex, of Kent, would the Englishmen agree to
. .

accept an offer of the "right of petition," as your own coRN
eappoondent mentions it amongst the merciful gouda of the
Donn ferentrs, and be satiatied by it ; or would they Wan
the bargain nod claim their full nght, their tuitional and pea
litical English freedom and independence, even wader the
King of Belgium P-- I em, de.,
DR. PAUL INOWERSEN.
London, September 12.

LETTERS FROM INDIA.

The following are extracts from a letter written
by a railway engineer to a near relative in England:

Moughyr, July 19.
Another birth-day has come round, and I am alive and
thank God, which is something to have to say in these
tronblous times. Well, we am here in about the same state
as when I last wrote. Alt is quiet at Patna, Dnieper', and
Dangtrulporeitgareeezt ; they had a smell outbreak at Patna,
which was e sea pressed, but Dr. Liyal was shot by
the rebels. have made arrangements for Annie to go to
Calcutta by the first opportunity. I had a very kind letter
from Mr. E. to-day to say that they had a room for her, and
off she goes accordingly. I send her not so mal because
we contemplate any immediate danger here, but my move-
ments would be lese hampered, and I hove a good deal of
volunteer military duty to perform, and in the event of ham
ing to moue, ladies and children would increase the diffi-
culties so much more.
You will see by the papers frightful accounts of etrocities,
and I believe hot(' hoe only yet been told. Tho policy hers
leas been lately to humour the =time in every way,
to endeavour to put them on an equality with the
Europeans in every way, even making them subject
to the Company's native officiale, there tame black
rascal. in olfire who have in luny in/dances during
this outbreak been the cause and the keglers of the rebellion.
This theory of putting natives and Eoropcona on a par basso
pervaded the councils of this enlightened government, that,
when it became necessary to nappies* the seditious native
press, the government made a law to gag all newspapers, and
the result is you will get but garbled statements of much of
the ehortcorarngs of this government at home, as the English
press is now silenced, ma it would be in France, Italy, Atm-
trim, or Rumba The Poet-oftleo arrangemente through the
country or " Motorail" parts are in the hands of the naives,
and would say ono with common sense believe it that, it
these tits, s, government has issued orders that no civilian in
their employ is in any way to interfere with the meals and
poet-offiee, so that "edition• letters can be rent, and our Eng-
lish correspondence burked, without COMOliattaltlCl, collocor,
or rmagietrate being able to interfere? This is et most fatal
proceeding, for here. n few days ago, before this order arrived,
the marpatrate, from information he received, intercepted •
letter in the poet.ollice, which dirtelosed a plot amongst the
Mahometans of this town to join with those of Patna and
Banghulpore, and upon this, with further pereonal evidences
pia men were arrested and sent to Berighulpore to the corn-
roimioner to be banged, as we expected, but no, the worthy
coutuamioner liberated three of the worst of them,' for what
reason we rue as yet unaware, but it must be either
through fear of an execution of them, or for some
technical informality in the proceeding.; if they got
a chance at our throats. they would not give no the loneflt of
many technicalities. This has eo dingo-tod the Volunteer
Corps, that I understand ninny of the Horse Guards intend
to resign to-day. We murder a large railway force hers,
and ate the rosin defence of the station. They will not give
tins European troops, for they say at headquarters they have
none to spare; and, if they had, we do not require them.
300,000 rupees have been tent to Calcutte out of the tree-
entry, so that the government has a smaller stake in the
station. If I had time I would write wore, but I cannot
this mail. Mr money is all safe in Clang= I think lIA
purchase a bill with tt, and send it home again for three or
all months. I hope deer grandmother is belt= Giro
our love to them all at home. John Halibut= is distin-
gashing himself with the 78th.

CAPTURE OP A DRITIAH SHIP TIT PIRATE:I.—.
KASEACHR OF THE CRFAF.—This lemming intelligent:ewes
'arrived at wader date Kingston, Jamaica, August
27 of the implore of the British ship Endeavour by operati-
cs! vessel, awl the mur of newly all on board. It Naas
the Endeavour VW on sit
rading voyage on the Indian coast
ea the Ist of Aummt, about 15 wiles from Bahia Kees.
when, lying becalmed, a number of boste, filled with
armed pirates, put off from a ravel that bad
followed the Endeavour for eiverel dons previouffb
and despite the gallant efforts of Captain burant end his
men, sucreeded in boarding the vessel. Tho reptant andthirteen of the crew were instantly wordier(' in cold Wood.
Seven of the men on witnessing this contrived to
gel over
' the Ride into one of the boats, and made their ewer, a..r
being on the ocean four days and nights, without food ee
water, they were picked up by the Conway steamer;
ad
landed at Kingston on the 27th ult.