The Express.
London, England, 1850-04-26 00:00:00

THE FXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, APRIL
.26, 1850.

afar the eoselusion of the united
• Volkhaus committee had a milting to
ter partuu sr report of the procerdings. It
presented next Thursday.
..,,,,steettass will not meet to-In:crow, as was
,• • •
„I. as the report of its cow:sitter on the draft
.• • re.:Watirg the proceroings in cans of high
• •I the untni was oily distributed this
• I report recommends the house to
a.lop'-ua of the law, as it contains
• ,'..0-e te-. the offence it deals with but
r‘r.ston, sad proposes several trifling
• . hsa returned from B rlin. With his
• . • .-0,41 m. a variety of rumours are in circuit-
. .. nor.s• which deserve critLt. The Prussian
. • ~•11rn trlttOtrOW.
. ...ii!td that a artgremi crthpkings and princes
to the r tivsntios of the 26'h of May
• • • .cc at Gotha very shortly, in ceder
. p causal eomuniaiesuon, the difference
. an,oug em.
AL:S
• ar:e!'t of the 2.)th instant contains
. anrouncoment of the resumption of diplu-
. uith the Porte.
ti.t NUBIAN PRINCIPALITIES.
• • • t:sni Ilukarer,ts the 29 h Inech,state that
.n traits are at list abut to quit ths
Do-
cip.:l,ties. One or two Laval's", have
e:t t the troops stationed on the bills are
•... •'.• • c die.- into the valley of the :tloldau,
- th7ir companions in arms. Cileceial
• .• also le t watt the who'e of his staff.
'..;.•410 or 19.0(10s:in will remain in the prin-
.peed of four ?elements of infantry, two
ry. 'w Sorties, awl 2.000 Cessarka,
• 1' ! c .e.-his.ion.r of the Porte.

A. 11,r, r ,h.:11 tc redurd to 10,000,
r 1-er s y •Ite tr.uty cf Bllta Luna.
ra.k.eh army h .at azy b..ea reduced to that
• hi Bularest and U.ur,iewo, tLe only pions
..d by tLem.

c. 11% OF GOOD 1101'E.

reorived Cape Town joorse.s to March 2,
of Grobarn's Town Yrhruo•y 23, bath
•} furw.er being if n: dal, thAn pre-

rA. of the ehuttels and plum of puhhe wor-
thaaks.tivirgs !tad bztn off. red up
r +TA for the etliefronee of the Nicol-
we danger. Tre fua ettendlcee ehoweil
y :he Lelirg of Eufaula had prnttratul

.sp-ee3 that Bth of March would be
t day :br evkinial thanksgiving, from Table
tires, }fiver, and b-ymd
i•li:es bad fo.liwed the exasspbs strop*
rr.recutrating the &pular* of the
various addri etc' of grate-
. Ltd b< en rent to sad atsvered by
y Start. The Grahqm's 2 rrn Journal

r. sr irvir •.! that an *Metes be trensw:tted to
t en 1• et c: h•r Ileotety's grad .us
s at J esewiwiels et the pearls t,f this
voest:,..n of the Ore., to Conceit effiititulinr
•• a per.ll • in at. We here little doubt but
• - • sii.l M ir. harmn-ny with the Icily: go of eTr. Ty
r• muel s. all ennst fril ointrievii by the
• . •be e:o 1.1 whist's, is evident that in
e. wheb is now issuer of l ebbe record,
• sera by tut trier power. which it will be
isst on the part of the sielleclets duly to as.

. 4in Simon's fily-11.M. ship Seringapatans
• t•fr. bteetnett
• •Lip C.Ede Haro'.d is reported wrecked in
t I:1y: • 1 Imes 4.aved ex-ept the captain,
.., drowned. Ste was carton laden, from

• •.e 'abject of Natal, es Cope Torn "balms:
•- t• t e &satisfaction of the @Worsen seat oat
• 1., hid In v,nie r_ea•ure sa,,siclid, is they Insane
.v.tid with the country. The 1. eel irovessmeat
.-r .... a t, amend, as far as ramble, what bad been
i• )Ir. Byrne's snapper/maw Aer i f wheat hes
-..•ed near toe ewe, with. at having bees trashed by
-•an of •he new Settitll weft ab oat cogaseage U.
...12 et the sac resal.—Ott tie ith F. brainy, tLcre
'Fee b sides the R•+er bed. at F. Nets!
'e Wil:taes sad Liu, fvr Mauritius, sad ens foam-
::: l Car*.

VD, Court.

wag the birthday c•f the Prinz.. Alice.
• .1 of Kant paid a vi•tt of cot prattat..•kin •o the
-. a.rlj hour at Buckingham Palace The Priam
:.e Prfap4 H .7‘l, and the Prima.. Vice went
- or. to Hioneestar Home and paid a visit to the
• : tNoucestar —At five o'cicek is dm sterstrost Her
r•caired a malt juverbe putt, eomori.is6 the
n.• leers cf the families of the D.ke sad Duchess
- the Duke sad Duchess of Argyll. Lord and
• • •re, Moos. scd Madame Van de We.l r, sad
C. B. sad Ilia Phipps. The CIA,. D. seems-
. e r.y►l children, received baryon:hitt visitors
:. is which the juveniles Mussed, sad afterwards
• the library, where refreshments were served.
!arty left the palace soon Lbw 7 o'clock.-
-7 end Prime Albert manta yesterday morning
r. of Buckingham Palace.

pre•ided, yesterday afternoon, at a
• r., H Cemasiesion for the Pfo•l6li3o 04 the
the Wc.rks of Industry of AU Nation, to be
. •te year 1551. His royal highness arrived at the
•• c. We 'tad/aster at 3 o'clock, 'Punted by Lieut.
- lioa. A Gorda's. The commissioners present
Jra TiLe. Lord filmier, Lord ()version. Sir
• . Lt Ridbt lloa. W. H. Gladstone, Sir Ric:hard
"it Castles Lyelle Mr. J. Shepherd (ohs man
Compaar),llr. T. &fiats, Mr. Cubit% Mr.
Mr. Jobs Oat?, Mr. Posey, M.P. sad Mr. H.
. Mr. Scott Ransil sad Mr. Stalf..rit Ncettene,
• •1 the Ito) el CossesieWoo were is syeadoace.
(.11..iraout of the EvoUtive Committee, was
1•0/1:1/14 brake ty at • quarter before six

Princg of Leinitiqes arrived at the residence
Aim. a Hest, Ciertace House, St. James% at
s'ellek yes:tuts, @simian. icon the c 'ducats'.
Kint and hie Serene Highness the Prince of
QUA(' Vita the Queen, at Buekagham Palace,
t‘ecing.

TIM
AGRICULTURAL DISTRICTS.

FA LEIRLD, UIAWCISTER9IIIII2, noel, 1860.
obverses that a contemuorery writer in the
daily press, reputed to be a high authority in agri-
cultural matter, when deecnbieg the husbandry of
' Sarre. goes a little out of his way to have a fling at
Mr. Cobden as a landowner ; and, in so doing, re-
marks that " from 60 to 6 I acres of cultivated ground
divided between two tenants, neither of whom makes
farming his principal occupation, can have little in
the management of them from which the acricultural
' classes should consent to take lessen." From that
position I altogether dissent. There are in mint dis-
tricts men engaged in trade who farm some laud whew
management and its results are well worthy of the
attentive observation of the professional farmer. They
I are generally i minentlr successful ils farmers, from
I the very Name a ause which Mr. Caird tells us has so
much oontribeted to the success of Mr. M•Culloch at
Auchness—namely, from the capital they employ in I
farming being very considerable in proportion to the
extent of the land they farm. Look at the small
1 farms, or detached pieces of laud co:copied by milli rs,
inektepen, c etchmasers, corn des ere, and the like,
and we shall see them, 'lmre. without exception,
highly manned, and produciog fee more per acre
than the average produce of the fartifng land of the
district. It m.y be said that the traderineu I base
! named make large quantities of manure in the COMM)
of their ordinary businesoes, which they may apply
with little celeriac to a norterate quantity of land ;
but it is in this particular that the great majority of
i farmers lath There is not one farm in ten through-
out England which is more than half mar ured ; and
in this respect many a small occup'er, who does not
make fartnieg his principal occepatior, may aff ed a
leesua to the loge farmers: tiny could rind and
learn with pre& to themsehes and advantage to the
cmununity.
Indeed,' am almost disposed to soy that as a rule
most of our in.provements in husbandry are due to
men who are something more than mete farmers.
The man who has been bred a farmer and a farmer
only, always fieds it difficult to cecape from row ine
towards which the ordinary business of husbendy has
always of necessity a strong tendency. Though an
sequaintence with details and the skill which prac.
nee and cbservation alone can eive are indispeneable
to a termer. it is mainly to me a who combine alive
and business-like he bits, acquired otherwise than on
the farm, or scientific knowledge with pie eical skill
! in husbandry, that English agriculture has been and
will henceforth be itelebted for its modern advance-
' meet. Of this there is, doe to this village, a most
j seeking
I 31.'4 of year readers have heard of Wh'ffe Id
Exempla farm in Glonasti retire, a Mee from a very
ordinary dairy has become a model of high araSle
cultivation. This change has been effected be- Mr.
John 3loetoe, on behalf of the Earl of 'Oleic,
and the improvements hsvicg been com-
plete, Mr. Merton hay for semi; yews hero
! the occupying tenant of the farm, Wbtt has been
dote at Whitfield proves to exelueively the advantage
of alaTeexpenciiture in the insprovensent of land, and
is applicable to so mach of the lead of this cetinte7
that rims statement in detail of what the term ori-
ginally consisted ought to precede. any account of its
present improved condition. Tee farm cosseted ori-
gizaliy of 232 acres ; eight were under three acres
cacti, eight were between three and four act" a each,
twenty-seven were between four and eight acre, each,
end only three fields were above eight Leers each. To
these NUR other small fields were entreat-3s added,
making the farm up toits present size abote 260 acres.
Of the 232 saes 164 were in pasture, ad6B acres were
arable end the whole was occupied by a farmer of
the name of Thomas, as a yearly tenant. Viiwid
from the high ground on one Mee of the
farm the vesture ground presented the appear-
ance of a forest, es do many of the neighbouring
farms at present. The hedge-rows were lee
meese, and there were no leas than 618 oak tress, ,
662 elm, 388 sib, 63 heed', 40 alder, and a large
cumber of heele and rubbish. These, with the fences,
, have been altogether cleared away, and there is now
no fence, except the outside boundaries on the farm.
The rent paid by Thomas was 2001. a-year, with a
tithe of 331. The buildings consisted of a small
dairy, farm-house, with a small barn, a stable for 4
hereto, a shed large enough to hold 8 cow., a cow-
hcuse for 4 cows,_ and a calves' house, all in bad
repair. The stock kept was 23 cows, and seven
calves were reared every year; so that the num-
ber maint.ined consisted of 23 cows, 7 heifer calves,
7 Tear-old heifers, and 7 two-year-old heifers; these,
. with 4 wo: king hones, a riding horse, and some pigs,
formed the whole of the live stock. Of the grass
land, 100 acres were mown fur hay, as winter pro-
vender, the remainder was pastured, the mown
ground not averaging more than half a ton per acre.
I.All the manure made we, taken to the arable
llend. The land was wet, and entirely undrained,
except the surface channel,, called ' gripping."
I Potatoes and a heat form the chief objects of waive-
d= on the arable laud, with occasionally a little
barley and clover. Twelve or fourteen bushels of
' wheat and about twenty bushels of barley to the acre,
formed the usual produce. The workmen employed
were two, a cowman and a ploughman, a boy, and
two women in the house to manage the dairy. There
were also four men employed in mowing and hay-
making and harvest for about twelve weeks.
The following is the tabular statement of expenses:
N. d.
Two men by the year, at 9s. etch per week;
one boy at 35., two wanton at 4s. each
Foam men, tea week, at 12e. each 24 0 0
Tradesmen's bills
Hmsekeepirst
Forty bushels malt at 7s l4 0 0

£l7O 0 0
The ordinary, produce of the farm was as follows :

L s. d.
For tweniy.i'ne years the cows had not aver-
aged 2i cwt. of cheese each, or 621 cert., for
25 cows, at 50s 166 0 0
Butter, at 30s. per cow 37 10 0
A Ist pig lot every 5 cows-6 pigs, at 31. each 15 0 0
Eighteen calves., at 10s. each 9 0 0
Seven old or young heifers and calves, at 91
each 63 0 0
One hundred and sixty eight bushels of wheat,
sold at is
Barley, 80 busheb, at 4i. l6 0 0
Eight acres of pGtatoes slanged, at 71
Ten ditto not clanged, at 41 4O 0 0
Bight scree of teasels, at 30e. •• • • l2 0 0

• try Hey. Principal Lee of Edinburgh, the
' • f.unniaghaat, Professor Swinton of Edinburgh,
' Wr yt bask, Mr. flpottitwoo,le of Spottiswoode,
.tyfatt, llr. Itaeriscs, Mr. N. Stevenson and Mr.
• 4 nr.rieff of Glatgow, sad Mr. John Beau, W. 8.
-.re. had an [morels. with 81r George Grey poster.
• Home Mee, to represent the Moue Mello, in
satiate the Marriage Anisi:y Bill. Mr. Lxlituirt,
(..wan, M.P., sad Mr. Macgregor, M.P., see
deputation. £463 11 0
;tputation, appointed at a meeting of shipo7ners If to the sum of 1701. paid for labour, &c., you add
the rent and taxes, there will be no more than
L whet no tr.,. l7te last., upon the subj•et of the
. ~e Marie. Hill, sad Coe • ag of the fcLowiag about 281. loft fur lute:cat of capital, remuneration,
Yr. Forster, M.P., Mr Anderson. Al f
P. Mr. and so forth. How, on such a system, the tenant
' Mr. Genre* I. Tvual, Sr John Poil P.
could contrive to rub along, must be a mystery to all
....pin, Mr. Capt. thathw i
a• CaPt. oltasn• who do not know how wretchedly these little dairy
aii.cams, bed an interne. yesterday with lb. Lea
Laboutetre, at the ogee of tee Beard or Troia 'amen Li"'
• Kianaird had an interview with Earl Ow To complete this account of the original state of
" Whitfield Farm a list of the items constituting its
-AL-Coked MacArthur had an interview yesten capital mast be given:
.Ith 8h George Orly.
Ir. Evans, M.P.,and Mr. Cator, a deputation from TwelitTtive sews, at 101. each
bendhol.krs of the Ipswich sad R..ry hails', Conway, Riven twalowaida, at 71.
an i^ tersiew with the Comeiatitiosen of ltrylwais yistar- Se"ll6l4l"B'elda. at 44
it tetor one* is the heard of Trade. Moves calves, at V.
'r. Joke Wood, chairman of the Board of Inland I Five at 1S!.
Two sows sod Dios
.:;,liaarsteasmaygg.lerthipz.%::'wttlime
.erhaa.. imittliarabt the I. Two 1W51111M14,610 carte, two ploughs, one
r.two harrow. nee roller, harness, etc
'w )""Maii h 1114' right b°ll. berm" Lb Dairy and hau'ithold furniture
it. I.l,graing rreet.
fonrge Seymour and Mr. Canard bad an inter. On. Y"r's espouse labour
• • t Earl Or? yesterday at the Cvlocial-oMee.
' v. Mr. Tylor, H•ctor of tit. Gila's, had an
.• • c fttilretsy with htr Grove Grey. J Was MUN sill
tatetitsw ;Wads; *IA ihs eight hon. bar Jest
• EtcPsiastical CommissioSSlS for England had
• eiettli.g yesterday.

£ a. d.
2io 0 0
49 0 0
28 0 0
14 0 0
76 0 0
10 0 0

IGTT VIZ (AMGEN OF UTZ 11►:LGIAY6,
- t.T the Duchess of Orleans, with the Cunt' de
brim de Chartri., end attended by a SUINTAIII
a. IMv►r by the Vivid, Capt. tinkling. firm
received by M. Vele der Weyer,
rod lett Weer at 2 e'clock p.m. by
I 4 Giiiielktcl, ex route for Claremont.

.0 1 or: Goanotoit or broawlyii.—This
•', semi. vacua by the ihath of Sir Jamie
• ..rubainv,iit the 'hide period ei hie appoiaisient
Letts hawse te be 'villas chit walks 61 the
.sad to be liqwerarr of • sod the. keewiedge
teat aalabeity was saintised by hie
• ,a tee Wt of sabaariben to local &brisk's.—
ENlRA.,gcnimrairxT-We underaisod
Rada sad gammas la sow in mum of
l• c.ty wet tenuity. 1.1 taw Of of a e'.lll.
4.l.lvosetheoetest. We Mall probably have I
't t'• totiost ct a hatasepapar.— IV:ovate,.

SO 0 0
70 0 0
170 0 0

L 726 0 0
1 This does not, perhaps, differ much from the °edi-
t
t nary system upon which the farms of the vicinity are
managed. The soil of a great part of the farm eon-
-1 silts of a clay subsoil with alternating beds of sand-
/ stone ; on a part of it the stone is near the surface,
sod the soil is shallow. The greater part of the farm
, was wet and required draining.'there is • small
i valley running north and south, through which there
is a brook dividing the farm in about equal parts.
The aspect of the one slope is eastern, the other
western ; and so the whole farm is drained into this
! brook. 'lie geological formations of the farm are the
Imountain limestone and the old red sandstone. The
alternations of @tofu, beds and clay produced springs
which originally kept all the surface of the land wet.
The first step towards the improvement of this farm
was to clear away all the timber and other trees, then
roads were formed, straight, level, and well covered
with stone broken small. Both sides of all the road.
had a deep drain filled up with small stones, keeping
the raids dry. There were five bridges made across
the brook. All the hedgerows were th, n removed, and
the ditches filled up; and the land thus Raked, in-
cluding • soulall cover of about 4 acres grublhd up, is
26 acres. Next followed the drainage, and for that
purpose it was necessary to straighten and dte2sn the i

brook : or ream a sew channel for the stream was
cut, and the ail Isettons bed, constantly overflowing
in wet weather, was Lit d op. Parallel drains about
16 feet apart have been carried directly down the
bills on either side into the brook, each drain acting
independent!! . The drains are made partly with tiles
and partly with small broken atone. Then about 160
acres of the land were limed, to the extent of 260
bushels to the sore; and most, I believe all, the farm
has been subsoil ploogh:d. Here, then, the lard was
at once brought into the best state for profitable oo-
cupation, and it was for the most part completed by
the ecd of the year 1839.
Next came the buildings. There is the farmhaam,
which hes detached, some four hundred yards front
the farm buildings, acd is a goad subetantial
dwelling fit for the residence of a man of respecta-
bility and capital. Immediately above the bars,
which is the first building, is the ricktard, wide
enough to hold a row of rick+ on each side of a road
which runs between them down to the barn.doar. Oai
this road rails are laid down, so that the sheaves us
delivered into the barn with very little expenditure of
horse labour. The barn is furl feet lung, and about
eighteen feet wide, and cotteists of three stories. Oa
the lowest floor the sheaf is put into the thrastiog
machine, worked of court° by steam power, and both
c .rn and straw are carried up to ono of the floor
above, where the straw Fusers into a chaff-cuaing
machine, and is cut into chaff; while the wheat is
winnowed and rep .r.tted, and then only re qui• es to
bo sacked by hand. The chaff-house adjoins the
stables and feeding-stall, cued is connected with the
shed in which green food and roots are eat and pre-
pared for cattle acd Are?. In the stables, each
horse has a stall to himself, and the pre-
sent force of homes coastal' of three pairs
and an odd horse b sidea, a gig horse. The arrange-
ment of the racks end mange's is well contrived to
economise labour. The hone. we. strong Clydestli,es
of great power, roil though work: d !erg hours are in
excellent condition. They are allotted what corn
they will eat, with cut straw and carrot., or Se ede
turnips.
There are extetsive ranges of cattle sheds nod
sheep sheds, all co arraneeit as to be readily accessi-
ble from the place %Ohre f.od is prepared us a com-
mon centre. Both cattle and sheep ate fed in bexes,
on Mr. Warne'', plan. In wiuter there are generally
sixty beasts feeding, and la summer the number is
reduced to between thirty and forty. Stare and
f.edirg cattle are fed alike, and kept in tt e same
manner, the only difference being, that the store
cattle receive halt the quettties of Aimed and meal
that err g'vrn to the feeding hew,. Two pounds c
linseed and four pounds of bean meal daily form the
allowance to the feeding beasts. T.:re linen. d labeled,
grid the chaff and in .-s1 having been mixed hare ther,
th- linseed mucilage is poured ever the heap and mixed
all together on a stone floor ; cut turnips or mange Id
wartzel are then added, and the beasts have the whole
given them. llicy all lock remarkably well, sad
feed moat rapidly. The cheep hare all ben slid, and
calves and yearlings oecapr great part of their
she ds ; but ace" stomp aro felting, they ere divided
into pens of ten each. 1 was glad to hey Mr. Morton
el that he interde to commence b:e•Ging cat,le in
elus way, thereby shoeing that permanent pm arcs
and large outlets are not at all necessary to enable
the farmer to keep a breeding stuck.
Tt ere is also aeclenmodation fir a large number of
egg, which are all fed on steamed find. The quan-
tity (f meat thus annually produced on 250 acres of
laid is c..ormous, while the balkier employed, though
greatly more then in the former st the of the farm, is very
little when compared with the great quantity and
various kind, of work performed on the 'arm There
are three pinugt men, a shepherd, and his hey, a cattk-
man and his boy, a man who feeds the hogs aid
attends the spare horse acd the gig horse, aid four
general lab. urers, constantly empi yed. Everythieg
that can be done by piece-week is dote in that man-
ner, so that the workmen heve every inducement to
do their utmost ; and in other eases, wh.re piece-
work is inapplicable. Mr. Morton gives good wages
and rr ett,r, sto be well served, and b this way he
gets the best men cf the district, and kei ps them
good. I obeli presently speak of the genciol condi-
tion and produce of the farm, mele,y noticing, in
connexion with the stack-yards, that 1,200 tons of
root+ are grown annually.
The following is a statement of the expense,
of the improvements of the farm (omitting
Rowe 414 ',ridges
Grabbirg lue:ges, lac
Dralaing 2,088
Levelling, and putrid permarie at improvement 837
Femmes and walling
Subsoil pleas:Jag
Lim*
Buildings

623
2.978

Tttaespensee of imprcvements £;',B2S
Interest on that sum at .1. per cent. is 3:ol.,which,
or any lower or other rate of interest. the proprietor
may deem sufficient to remunerate him, for su.li a
permanent improvement will hive to be addtd
the rent originally paid by Thomas for the
farm in its unimproved state. If such an
additional rent could be obtained the landlord
would be well paid for his outlay ; and that the farm
is worth so much more rent is proved by the fact
that when valutd in 1813 for the poor and county
rates it was valued at 41641. But more than that,
Mr. Morton is now himself tenant of the farm
for a term of years at a rent fixed in accordance with
its improved value. Toe capital employed by the
tenant in cultivation is upwards of 4,0001., but I have
Jo doubt that the results, taking oce year with an-
other, must be hie le satisfactory.
The mode of cultivation adopted is this. The farm
is divided into twenty-four fields, as nearly as pas-
sible of about ten acres each, acd of these fields one-
half are every year in wheat, the others being in
green crop, roots, &e. The simple rale is that all
the odd or all the even numbers are in wheat er in
fallow crop. Thus, there are usually about 120 acres
of wheat, 30 acres of clover, 30 acres of marigold
warzel, 10 acres of swedes, 10 acres of white or
yellow turnips, 10 or 12 acres of carrots and potatoes,
and 30 acres of beans ard peas. Nothing bat
wheat and meat is sold off the farm, and the COO.
sequence is that with the purchase of linseed
and a moderate quantity of corn, the farm is kept up
from its own resources at a very high rate of fertility.
In fact it ie advancing in fertility. The improvements
have now been competed eleven yeara, and the ave-
rage produce of wheat over the whole farm for the
first five years of that period amount to something
more than thivy bushels of wheat to the acre; while
for the last six years the average produce of wheat
has been forty bushels to tl c acre. This is every
high rate of produce, especially as about one-fourth
or more of the farm cons,ste of very shallow soil, and
none of it is naturally very fertile. As a standing
and a striking contrast to IVhitfield farm in its pre-
sent state, is a large dairy farm on the oppeite side
of the road belonging to Lord Liverpool, which indi-
ctee, as Mr. Morton pithily remarked, " an entailed
estate and a yearly tenant."
It is, perhaps, too much to expect that landed pro-
prietors can undertake suck an effective improvement
a their property as that at Whitfield; but they
would do well for their own interest to make some
effort to follow the example there offered. Wnat has
been done there, however, proves most conclihively
the immense advantsges which would result from the
breaking up of the great landed properties now held
by our territorial aristocracy, very much on the dog-
in-the-manger principle, and permitting them to be
divided amongst men who have both the capital and
the spirit to improve the moil so as to develop its
capacity fur production.
A MIDLAND COUNTIES FARMER.

NATIONAL
REFORM ASSOCIATION.

uuNFERENCE OF DELEGATE/I.—THUS/mac.
The conference resumed its sitting yesterday at 10
o'clock. Sir JOSHUA WALMsLIT, M P., President, in the
chair. Mr. W. J. Pox, M.l'., on entering the hall, was
warmly received. The attendance, though large, Was less
numerous than on the preceding days. (A brief summary
of the
proceedings appeared In yesterday's if.rprear )
The minutes of the previous day being read and con-
firmed—
Tbe SECRETARY, at the desire of the chairman, read
letters of apology from Sir James Duke, M.P., Mr. John
O'Connell, M.P., sad Mr. C. O. Daffy, expressing their
sympathy with, and cordial coseurreom in, the object sought
to be 'Pained by the association ; and regretting their un-
avoidable abeam. from th, sitting of the conference. (Hear,
hear.) The secretary next, in repay to a question put by a
delegate, said there were 216 delegates at the sitting of yes
terday. ((Cheers )
The CHAlttll 11,N said when they closed their tweeted-
ings last evening the euhject before them had been discussed
at much length; and the business itommitteo met, with a
view to see how they could carry out that which seemed to
be the wish of the meeting. They did arrive at a conclu-
dun, and Mr. Tillett would then read their resolution.
Mr. TILLE li. ,aid the busineot committee had before
them the important subject in reference to the appointment
of the council of the association, and the resolution they
adopted and recommended fir adoption was the following :
Th it it be referral to the council to recommend to the neat annual
conference a more satisfactory plan of electing future couna:e.
they bad also suoptod certain irsetical and important
resoluithes en the subject of r. gistration, end aleo of the
electi sisal policy wretch they thought should be followed
by the pubic. (Hear, hear.) They were anxious that
gentlemen from venom, localite a should report on the state
at feeling is the invited localities which they represented,
es regarded the subject of the 10,0001. fund necessary to be
raised to sustain ~he operations oi the next year. (lieu,
hear.)
Mr. TIIWAITES begged to submit the following row-
In,ion, which he mouth: might be adopted In pl.ee of that
submitted by Mr. Tillett, on lethal* of the botintss com-
mode, e :
the This cmference in o f oinion tbat fo te ?inu the of
council a botu b d e chopsen by electior n,h withoutre ref ri nee tor
t he
amount ,4 their annual autricriptiona, and that the 10f, qualification
be doe mtUtilee • and this conference would further recommend that
the council direct their attention to the best mode of election, and
report to a future conference.
A oiscursory cenvenation followed as to whether the reso-
lutions should be eiscuesed, when a large mejority decided
that the awl. ct matter of them had been fully debated oa
the previous evening, and that further discussion was conse-
quently unnecessary.
Tee CHAIRMAN then put the pirating on Mr. Thwaiteid
proposition, which was carried; Mr. Tillett consenting to
withdraw the res &Moo of the business committee.
Mr. TILLE ft' re x" begged to submit two resolutions on
behalf id the bosiu. ss committee, which ho intended to
move for adoption. The committee considered it of import-
ance that Esc Best etiolation should not alone be adopted,
but also carried into effect in every part of the country. lie
thought them, was a great mieeKrelleusion abroad in refer-
ence to the legal it xpeous cohsequent on contesting &actions.
He believed it would be fount that most of the small, and
even the large boroughs could be contested at a v. ry moon-
aiderubho ou'ley. (11. a:, hear.) It op/stared to the host-
hem cominitti is to be a most important step for
the reformers throughout the country, en every
occasion prssible, to bring forward and nominate a
thorough-gi its (scant returner, and to curry him to
the pull, hceing preciously ascertained the legal ex-
pense., and obtained a guaranteed fund to enable them to
discharge the exe. noes. (Hear, hear.) He Ithp..d the
scant:if would rem ire every ieformation in reference to the
expense eisaserinent on contesting the various borough,.
He begged then to call attention to the following resolutions
which he begged also to proves for adoption:
That this oonferrnee Is of opinion that every means ought to be
employed to enlarge the present county and borough constituenciee to
the utmost extent, and that It w iteeirohle to form, In the several
breathier% committee.' with a permanent IN toinery, to watch and
•operiniend the rtrerstration ; and that it be hereby raranmende,l to
the reform assuriations thnoorlunit the country, particuLirly whore
established in disputa a. t rel.-entail at the present
time in parliament, the urgent =port:rote or Isaac preprml, when-
ever any vacancy a trues in the npn,entatii of ant boroughs or di-
visin., of couiairie with which such aseociatioaut are connected, to
nominate thorouirli Manners, arid thus increase the number of re-
form mriinhere in the Howe of C.:morons or, at all events, aid the
de entrust tit of puthc riparian in support' at the principle. of this
arwriciation.
Tara it be referred ro the business committee to prepare and liaise
to the public a report em'w4.ing the It ,alts of the conference.
Mr TABOR, of (Mehr.ter, seconded the fziOdltiolle, and
raid that en toe occasion of the last election at Colchester
the reform party contested it ur,:er very di•advantageou.
circumstance', and though numerically defeated, in a moral
point of view they were inelegant. fir, hear.) They
polled 400 votes in teeter of civil, relic:Letts, and commercial
tretdcm (Hear, tear.) They had opposid to them the
House of Lords, the House of Commons, and the church,
and thereto,e they should be united. (Rear, hear.) lii
reference to the expenses of the contested election at
Colchester, he was glad to say they did not exceed 1001.
(Hear, hear.)
Mr. DAVY, of Eviter, said they bed long groaned ueder
the istlistna of tour m- unbars in Dees' and a right rev. I
reeresen'seivr in the Heave of L .rds Yet he did eLe
'pair that in Devon they would soon emancipate themselves
hoes their prise .t thraldom. ( lieu tear.)
Mr. TABOR begged to announce ;hat he had 51. to heed
in from Colchester to the treasury of the auociatiou.
(Cheers.)
Mr. I3RADFIELD, a delegate from Cambridge, said that
in his I icalty the people were di.s everythicg in their power
to establish the kreenold La .d Societe, which was receiving
c'otimual support. if ouch a plan as that were laid down
by this society, they would have a grand prolyeet of success
before them. The ire:ldle classes were now beginning to
see that the Reform Bill was a fallacy ; and they saw that
the unjust power which the aristocracy held was not wrested
from them uy It. In Cambridge there existed at present
live societies, who were daily working for the attainment of
tee liberties of the people. He atrongiy recommended the
association to estaliLsh a system of local 'treaty.
A DELEGATE, whose name was nut given, suggested
that in every borough the electors should b.suppliedearh with
a list of the principles of the association. and requested to
state whether they would subscribe to them or not. They
would thereby discover what were the opinions of the majo-
rity of electors, and when a candidate came to represent
them it could be shown to bins whether he could be returned
or not.

HARRIS, a delegate from Bermondsey, then stated
that in hie neighbourhood the people were agitatilig as far
as possible to further the objects of the association.
The resolutions w. re then carried unscimously.
The PRESIDENT then introduced to the meeting a
gentleman named Eugene Ite:•shy, whom he styli d the
" Joseph Hume of Hungary." He was received with loud
applause.
The PRESIDEN I' directed the attention of the meeting
to the state of their funds, and to the mode in which further
oubscriptions were to be rased.
The TREASURER said that it was quite impossible for
them to go on without funds. It spoke well for the cause
that they were able to go on as they had done upon so little.
That, however, was the case because they, to a certain
extent. had the work ready done (or them. Wherever they
went they found the people willing to assist them. (Cheers.)
Mr. BEGGS, en the part of Ipswich, said that he had the
most encouraging report to give of the willingness of the
people of that town to subscribe to the funds. He hoped
that the same could be said of all other localities. It was the
intention in Ipswich to tabs 1001., and to forward it directly.
The TREASURER gave a similar report of the people in
Winchester.
Mr. J. JACKSON, one of the delegates from Yarmouth,
said that in that town they had an association, over which
the Mayor presided, to for ward the objects of the Reform
Association ; it was composed of a committee of forty mem-
bers, twinty of whom were electors and twenty non-electors.
Rs trusted that by their exertions they would be able to
send up a handsome donation, and also that they would be
able to have a eaudidate in the fi..ld to oppose the nominees
of Lord John Russell or the reform club. (Cheers.) At the
last election they were defeated by the two aristocratic climes,
the whiga aad the torise, but they were near succeeding. In
answer to another delegate, Mr. Jackson said that that elee
1 tion cost the reform party 1151.
Mr. SMITH, a delegate from Norwich, said that the
people whom he represented telt it their bounden duty to
subscribe to the funds of the association.
Mr. BEGGS, trim Leicester, wished to announce that the
people there had eubscribed 201. as a first instalment.
Mr. HAYWOOD, of Bolton, spoke favourably of its in-
habitants.

LONDON Ismnrynott. Yeskrday the annual
meeting of this institution was held a'. the 'lustre, Finehury-
dress. The chair was occupied by Thomas Baring, EN.,
secretary read the report, in which the oommit-
tee congratulated the proprietors up et the delivery of the
Ant series of a course of knitters on Palwoatology, by Dr.
l;upenter, in the theatre of the institution. The Stet series
coromted of 12 l-ctures, and the second series of 12 mere,
which would complete the coarse, would he delivered in the
clone of session of 1860 1861. Them lectures wets en•
tirely gratuitous, and were founded under the will of Dr
Cieorge Swaney. It appeared from the statement oleo:tient&
that the receipts during the past year were 1,7604 Man nib-
scribers, and that there was a lialsnce in the hands of the
treasurer of OM. The report a•.d at dement of accounts
wee. adapted. The committee end officers for the tusking
year were then elected, and after the usual vote of thanks to
the chairman, the meeting uparated.
FKISE LeoruaLs Ylllt Tug WORKING CLASHES:
A number of gentlemen at !';sling have subscribed to a
land for the purples of paying competent persons to deliver
lecture., which the working people of the locality are ad-
ranid to, free of therge• Ou l'uteday, Mr. W, la.
lectured at the rooms of this new and well-Intentioned
society, " when ht atenalien of the working classes Atwood
by tree ticket:, and I.cccAd brataked."

very few working men amongst them, the majority being
people whose means enabled them to live la comfort and in-
dependence. They bad, however, contrived, by caring
private mettle., and by inviting discussion, to creates very
strong feeling amongst the people in favour of this move-
ment ; and he bad no doubt that within • very few months
they should collect teem of 601. for the purposes of the ammo-
clones. ACheters.l
Mr. W. J. FOX, M.P. (who was received with en-
thusiastic cheerier), said, as he could only regard
this as a business meeting, he should endeavour to
occupy their attention with matters of • business nature.
It was perfectly certain that there was a long and laborious
work before them. They had undertaken to bring about •
reform which would change in a great meaner' the spirit of
the legislature, and which would affect society through all its
classes, and ultimately make the people rat this country a
freer, a happier, and enter people. (Cheers.) The business now
before the meeting was to discuss the question of the funds
to ho raised, and the mode of expensing them. Various
suggestions had been made which he thought were desarv-
hag of attention ; but, in Ids opinion, those persons who ima
gioed that they should obtain subscriptions from the higher
chum were mistaken. They must not anticipate assistance
from the wealthy and influential classes. It was true they
had contributed to the funds of what might he celled a model
agitation—the Anti-Corn law League; but they had done so
from pecuniary motives. Men put down their hundreds be-
cause they expected to clear their thousands by the change
then contemplated. (Hear, hear) It was not very likely
that large capitalists would assist them, became in point of
fast they should subject the capitalist to disadvantages inas-
much as the success of this movement would hays the e fleet
of preventing him from going into the market and buying
cdestitueney to make him a memner of parliament. (Ap-
plause.) One of the objects of the association eas to put
down a system of boroughmongering which had come tient
existence since the pawing of the Reform Bill. (Hear,
bear.) Boroughtnongering was now reduced to the
most sordid sp.cies of bargaining that could prosd•
bly be hominid. According to the present system a man
who desired to have a seat in parliament, went from borough ,
to borough until at last he met with one whose inhabitants
were willing to endow him with senateri it honours. This
mato of things ought no longer to e el,t. They wanted the
people represented. Every other el., (if he might make use
of the word " s'4" for the purp ne of his argument) was re•
presented in the House of Commons The peerage was re.
presented—one nobleman ba 1 three sone, and at:ether two,
to the House of Comment The army and navy were repre-
sented there—for two out c f every thirteen members,
held e,mminions in one of those services. The church—the
shipping interest—the agriculturists—the Irish landlords—
ell were represented in the lower house of legislature, and
why sheuld not the great mass of the people be ellowsd
to enjoy the tame advantage ? He repeated that
to accomplish the ends they had in view
was a most formidable task. They ware opposed by
the wealthy end influential pecple of this country, who colt-
sidered that their interests were at stake, and therefore thty
bad great difficulties to conteed with. (lieu, hear.) Whet
the promoters of this avociation desired was, that the people
should be seltch pendent—that the masses should bay: an
opportunity of asserting their rights. (Cheers ) Ho had
one suggestion to add to those which had already been made,
v:z., that they should place great reliance upon small in.li-
vidual subscriptions regularly paid by constituted members
or the different chalices, and handed over to the central
satiety in London. These remittances, so managed that they
might be regularly relied upon, would give stability to the
move meat. Ile th..ught that means might br adopted by
which a moral opinion might be generated which would
sternly rebuke a man for giving corrupt or servile votes. Mr.
Fox west on to observe that cheap elcstious ought to receive
every encourager:tent frem this arsni ition. Cheap elections
were the people's power, and they would derive much assist-
ance from them in their eadeavoure to carry out she import-
ant ohjeets they bad in view. At the time of the It dorm Bill
the .Spechttor et:engager reeve:emended a system of conducting
cheap elections—and in his (Mr. Fox's) a xpenence elections
ad been fought and won at the cost or • few placards and
the expecte of the hustings. These were the chief I xpenses
whims should be incerftd, and he was oonvieced • very
small body acting upon these principles would do a great deal
towards etching corruption, and establishing a state of
-fags by which a proper choice of candidates mislit be made.
Before he sat down he will.' 1 t' soy a few words rerpecting
their president. He was (pale sure that the character—the
principles—the abiloy—the determination of that gentleman
were a guarantee that this end* was a just one, and must
ultimately triumph. (Loud end protracted cheering.) He
had always proved himself worthy of the position in which
he was placed in connexion with this rociety. B•.und
together as the association was by pure and sound
principles—from the president Mend( to the humblest
member of the society, far lay and ennobling purposes, he
tel' p.rsuaded that, is the coursoot a few years, they should
succeed in attaining their object, and have the happiness to
behold their country a free and self governed nation. (Loud
cheers.)
Mr. TILLETT, chairman of the business committee, said
that, as their labours were now at an end, and as they felt
that the conferrnee should not languish or "drag out its
existence," he now rose to bring I', rward the last resolution
—unless there were any gel tlemea present who desired to
introduce any new subject for discussion. The resolution
he had to suggest was, that ths thanks of this conference be
given to the: president, the treasurer, end council of the
National fteceem Association. This resolution would be
proo,osed by Mr. Oe'to ge Daoson, of It.rune-6easo. (Chios )
Mr. DAWSON tnen read the foll'nving res. lutior.
That this conference, in the none of thousands of earned telormers
throughout the kingdom, most cordially gives to the president, trea-
surer, secretary, and council of the National Reform Aseoclation its
warmest thanks for the en. ray and real with which they have
hitherto auctioned the reform movement
lla had peculiar pleasure in proposing this because it
showed how highly they appreciated the gentlemen alluded
to for the moll and energy they bad displayed ih endear ur-
log to carry oat the principles of the association. He,
therefore, called upon all present to declare with emphasis
that they were satisfied with the 'entities they had made.
(Loud cheers.)
Mr. T. HALL seconded the resolution, stating that they
owed a deep debt of gratitude to the chairman which they
should never be able to pay. (Hear, hear.)
The resoluti in was tt en put, and was carried with accla-
mation and enthusiasm.
Sir JOSHUA WALMSLEY then roe. to return thanks,
and was loudly cheered ter several minutes. He laid—
Gentlemen, you must be aware that I cannot but deeply
appreciate your very flattering compliment. I only have to
regret that I do not possess those talents and abilities that
would enable me to carry out more efficiently the great
objects of this association to the extent which I in com-
mon with yourselves, desire to see them carried ; but,
gentlemen, as long as I have the honour to hold the high
position conferred upon me by your kindness I will en-
deavour to make up by zeal, by energy, and close at-
tenth's for the lack of that ability. (Cheers.)by On the
part of the council I sincerely thank you ; and I
assure you they deserve your warmest thanks—(hear)—
a, I can testify, and no one better can testify, to their great
exertions in the promotion of our object. (Cheers.) The
gentlemen of the executive committee have been incessant
in their endeavours to promote that object, both in season
and out of season, and have devoted their whole time from
morning to night, for some twelve months, to the further-
ance of the principles for which we are associated. (Hear,
hear.) Therefore I cordially appreciate the vote of thanks
which you have just awarded them, as no gentlemen more
truly deserve it. (Cheers.) ,I must also, gentle-
men, thank you for the manner in which you
have conducted this conference. You have made
the proceedings easy and interesting, and they
now go forth as the proceedings of men of wisdom, men of
judgment, and men of sound discretion. (Hear, hear.) We
may have the sneers of some levelled against us ; but I think
I may fairly state we will have the regard and the approval
of all wise and just men. ("lieu, hear," and cheers.)
There are several amongst us who, doubtless, have their own
particular objects of agitation. To them I would say, for a
time put aside your private objects, and unite with us for the
attainment of the great object, that which is and
ought to be the great object to attais, namely, a knowledge
of the will of the great majority of the people. (Loud
cheers.)
The SECRETARY next read the following letter of apo.
logy from the Right Hon. T. M. Didion:
49, Wilton-crescent, 25th April, 1:150.
Dear Waltnsley,—lt would have given me great pleasure to have
attended the conference at ; but unavoidable business has
so entirely occupied my time since Tuesday, that 1 have been quite
unable to do M. lam chairman of a committee of the House of Com-
mons, which sits to-day from 12 to 4 o'clock, and fm which I can-
not absent myself ;at 4 o'clock I have t attend the houi,e. Under
these circumstances, tam compelled to forego the .ati.factioo I should
have felt in personally assisting in the delibiratiens which are taking
place at the conference to-day in support of the catv eof reform. I
and scarcely say that I fully concur iu the plans of the association
to making the Homo of Commune a real representation of the peo-
ple, and remain yews, faithfully,
THOS. MILNER GIBSON.
(Cheers.) A vote of thanks was then pained to the Mistimes
committee ; after which,
Sir JOSHUA WALMSLEY declared the conference at
ea end for all the purposes for which it had been convened ;
and he begged to express • hope that the gentlemen assem-
bled would not forget Use soiree to be held at the London
Tavern that evening. (Hear, hear.)
The conference then, at baltpast one o'clock, closed its
sittings.

Mr. SMITH, of Norwich, said that in that city soirees
had been found successful as regarded obtaining subserip-
lions, and recommended that they should be held in other
places for that purpose.
Mr. CHARLES HUGHES, on the part of the Derby.
shin Association, said that they were using their utmost
endeavours to forward the objects of the movement.
The PRESIDENT announced the receipt of 212. from
the Coventry Association.
Mr. CLARK, of Ssuthampton, staled that he was not
authorised to million what amount the people of his dis- THE SOIREE.
brie' woald subscribe, bat he should recommend them to The Association held a soircte at the London Tavern
send a liberal sum, and he had no doubt they would oontri• last evening at 7 o'clock. All the 1. legates who attended
bite in the same proportion as other districts possessing the conference were in attendance, and many ladies graced
similar populations. the assembly. There were about 800 persons present, and
Mr. LANGLEY, of Lancaster, said he believed it would the company included Sir Joshua Walnistee
be found that the funds would 011ie in much faster if the Lady IYelosioey, Lori rsud:ey :;:uart,'ll.F; Alum:
assonatiossis in the different parts of the country had any dee Joseph Hums, M.P., Sharman Crawford, M.P., Gunn
finite idea how they ought to carry on these operations. Thompson, M P., W. J. Fox, M.P., J. Williams, M.P.,
Mr. DAVEY, of Crediton, said he had no doubt that the Lawrence Haworth, M.P., Feargus O'Connor, II P.,
periodical which this association proposed to publish would James Clay. 11.1'.. and Colonel Salwey, M.P. ; Messrs.
have the effect of promoting the object suggested by the Hointfrey. Parry, W. A. Wilkinson, Charles Odpio, Thom-
hon. gentleman. Prout, J. H. Tillett and Jeremiah Colman, of Norwich, J.hn
Mr. 800018, of Shoreditoh, said he felt convinced they M'Pherson of Aberdeen, Stafford Allen, H. 0. Robinson,
would nut In future Sind so much difficulty as they had T. K. Pritchard, H. Tindal Atkinson, Dr. Oxley, Messrs.
done in raising funds. The proceedings which had Apsley Pellet, Thomas Clark, Thomas Beggs, Ralph Wed-
taken place at the sittings of this conference would put new ten or Newcastle-on-Tyne, J. Jackson of Yarmouth, &e., &e.
life and vigour into those who had hitherto been compare. Sir JOSHUA WALMBLEY took the chair, and after
tively dead mentioning the circumstances under which they had the
The Rev. Mr. WALLER, of Bethnal-grese, was desirous pleasure to meet, called upin Mr. Parry to address the
of explaining to the meeting the manner in which meeting.
they continued to raise funds in his district. Mr. PARRY then congratulated the meeting on the ins-
They had followed the plan which was pursued by Renee progress that the association had already made, and
teetotal societies—by appointing • secretary and treuurer stated that he had ne doubt that this indication of popular
whose duty it was to amount for all subscriptions paid on opinion would necessarily have the effect of inducing the
behalf of the object for which the money was sought to be ministry to take up the question which concerned the assts.
eellected. By this mama they received one penny per week elation more seriously.
from each working man, and the SUMO plan might be adopted Mr. tikOlitlli THOMPSON, M.P., then addressed the
with reference to this aseociation. He was willing to allow assembly, sail showed the lwaritige of the quession in a do-
me associa.ion the use oi his chapel—(hem', hear)—and the mastic point of view. 11s explained to the ineeung how, be
only expense they would have to pay would be for the gas. carrying out of the principle which they adopted wos.ld
Mr. LIN WOOD, from Sydrinhara. said that Sydenham promote domestic comfort. It was a social ss will as a
wag a Talley sustaining *boat 4,000 laGabltante. There won bleat questien.

Mr. SRARMAN CRAWFORD, M.P., announced his
adhesion to the great principles of the association, the objects of wtich he had advocated tor many years.
Lord DUDLEY STUART, M.P., expressed his ardent
devotion to the cause, and promised that whether was in
parliament or not, he should always promote the objects of
the emetatioti.
Colonel SALWEIf, M P., addressed the meeting, declar-
ing his intention to support the association and its principles
both In and out of the House of Commons.
HUME, Id P., then said that he had attended the
meetings of the Conference, and that be was nui6ous to say a few wcrds et the closing meetit.g. He saw about him
many men who wt re not bens when he first commenced his
advocacy of reform. Since that time many restrictive laws
were abolished, and he thought that their success in these matters was sufficient to induce them to unite foe !he objects which they had in view. It was often asked when they
would ceue to look for reform ; they would ner,r culse to
look for it as long as abuse ezisted, or as long as iuNetico was
done. (Cheers.)
Mr. I.OX, addressed the meeting, and eulogised the
press, the railroads, and alt modern m‘verutav, iis being
ievourable to Vet common c.suse of mankind. lie wee received with great applause.
Mr. CLARK, Mr. FEAROUS O'CONNOR. and Mr.
GILPIN, addressed the meeting, and thank- having been
voted to t`te chairman, the assemtdy separated. An i.sci bent
band enlivened the company between the speunss.