The Express.
London, England, 1850-04-19 00:00:00

ghe etn)reos.

OUTGOING MAILS.
The mails for British North America and the United
States will be made up this evening.
The mails for Gibraltar, Malta, °nem, the lonian I.:ande,
ggypt, Ceylon, India, and Chins, via Southampton,
M made up to-morrow morning.
The India` Marseille*, to tte M.4ttrrai.ear, Eqpt,
ttpylon, Hong-Kong, &c., will be maJc tip clt
the anemia.; of April 24.
The mails for Lisbon, Spain, and Gibraltar win be made
np on April 27.
The West India Malls, including 13,rtou,itt, flavanoah,
Nam, Honduras, New Orleans, and Mexico, end reel uelicg
tines lot Madeira, St. Juan-de-Niettra.nia, New tiraowia,
Chili, and Peru, will be made up on Met 2.
Ins mails for Maderia, the Brazils, and Bun°, Ayrei,
wade tap on the 4th of May.

HIGH WATZIL AT LONIAIN 11141110 r.
no. DVI—MMIVIrig, r., 411.

LONDON, FRIDAY, APRIL 19.

ONE of the most dangerous ideas that could gain
poseespion of the minds of our governirg clue would
be the belief, that Englishmen were not burthened
with any grievous or exorbitant we i 4 lit of taxation,
that the amount of revenue yearly raised in this
country is but a fair and rational am, tint, such as
ought to be raised, and such as can be raised with-
, out retarding the prosperity or causing the suffer-
ing of the people : that far from our debt
~cd requirements rendering England a heavily
taxed country, it, cn the contrary is in this
respect leis burdened than its neighbours, and its ex-
penditure lees extravagant. Such is the philemphy
of finance that a great city authority has thought fit
to preach, and such the principle of which the
Edin-
burgh Review, the great organ of the whige, thinks it
just and a lee to assert the force and the truth.
The principal argument of this optimist school of
finance is, that accumulation has rot boon ironed
by it; on the contrary the amount of capital and fixed
property has signally increased of late years in despite
of the burden alleged to retard its progress. There can
be co doubt, indeed, that our population, and chiefly
of course an industrious population, have from 1816 to
1850 increased tram between thirteen and burliest
millions to twenty; and tha' the capital required to
support and employ this increase of populrioa has
augmented in about the same proporion. It is, how-
ever, impossible not to perceive at the same time that
the fundamental sources of wealth have not increased
in the same proportion with the artificial wealth based
on them. The land is certainly more productive, but
bat not in the proportion required of it. Colonial
!sources, in the same manner, have increased, but by
no means with the same sue •ees or in tae same
proportion ; whilst the gains of industry and menu-
facture are not only much less in proportion to Ca-
pital, but far more fitful and irekcure. Thus although
capital or fixed property may have doubled sitce
1816, it ie, at the same time, twice as diffi-ult, not
twice as easy to earn, to live, and to prosper.
Toe economists who vaunt our prosperity adduce the
increased amount of property Witte ithed or inherited,
upon which taxes are levied. They also adduce the in-
crease of real property assessed. Tne yestion is,
how much of these are necessaries, and how much
that surplus which offers a fair basis of taxation?
Every family must have a house : a h use is not pro-
ductive property ; some one must ply for it out of
some other productive fund. Evers- family must have
a certain capital to carry on any busin. as. The clues-
' tion is, not the number of houses or the amount of
,capital, but the means for e.mfort over atel above
necessaries, and for accumulation oe:r acd above in-
evitable expenditure.
Now it is admitted on all hands that, as far as the
labouring classes are concerned, however thee num-
bers have increased, and the capital spent on them
been augmented, their means have sot risen. h.o. on
the contrary, declired ; and the nece sity nu been
found and admitted of exempting them. as tares can
be done, from the emus of taxation. The yee-re
arc not the middle and industrious class going the
same war, and falling into the same predica-
ment? We very much fear that it is, and
consequently, instead of king able to
bear twice the weight of taxation, u
Mr. NORMAN and the Edinburgh Review assert, we are
inclined to think that it is at this moment not to
well able to bear taxation as in 1816.
Even were 'se so very prosperous, nothing is so
easy as to test it. Let us reduce ell our indirect to
direct taxation, and doing away with all insidicus and
circuitous modes of filening money far the recalls.
place a broad property tax upon our boasted
wealth, sufficient to raise our sixty million
of expenditure. And we should be glad to know
how it could be borne. People may say that it is
borne, for after all it is property that alone can pay
taxes. It does so, indeed, but it does this, we fear,
more and more by disinheritirg the lower classes of
every particle of comfort and independence. andby
grinding the middle and industrial classes almost to
the same level.

And this leads ns to another of Mr. NORMAN'S
sophisms, by which he averts that we are a less taxed
people than the FrenA. A ready answer to this is
an appeal to the experience of any one who hu
crossed the Channel, and who has settled as all
soil.
ni
en-bean&y
tchaeparecvi teynuo i ier
ef: di.u.rsatnr yon
ea
iFc
tibr;eh
di-
rect taxation, and is based en the value and prodwe of
the land, of which produce it takes a certain portion,
just as we might take tithe or rent. These shiny, a at
!cut five-and-twenty millions sterling of Frecch taxa-
tion does not weigh upon any one. They merely Vise
the state in the place of the landlord, just as we plika
the church in his place as far as tithes are con-
ned. And thu., although it abstracts a cer-
tain portion of the annual wealth of the country, a
is not a wrong, or even an !plait burden upon any
one's expectations, or exertion?, or Mein-try. The
comparison, therefore, of the Eueiishnnen'e burdens
with those of the Frenehman'e, er of the native, g
any other countty, is quite preposterous, and nroceets
upm altogether fable and direptive mem options.
Another sophism in wh-eh cur &lucid optimists
love to indulge is the amount of taxation, which
they sly has been remitted. Thus, if the CtiAX-
CEI.I.OIt of the EXCIIEQUVR wsa to give up
half the duty on the malt tax, and if the
increase of consumption was to make up the supposed
deficit to the revenue, sill these g,utlemen woald
arom that two and a hallos thr c millions of taxation
had been remit.ed ; and t! us make up the Tutu of
taxation to nitt. d to many tnilli,,ns. Now, the slaw.*
fact is that .ltt milkmaid t et rev Imo we ic ritiOed
the country in I ma, whilst in the essonouiio %Cif
1849 there were 49 millionetaireel. This is the true
account of the remission of t.,xsti .n.
In objecting to theme arum gra of a 'Awl wh:,
is too much inclined to lull the veil iie ‘er-seee".Y•
and the governing claw s in ov. r cocci owe. 4`'
should add that the Elinhur.th R v eAcr does not
the length of Mr. NOUJLAN'eI ep.imi.m. Instead d

p and song nothing but the nue!olded ono City bankieg-Innse Bunn, PATXII, and 00-e 1111'
"..-ofutt Loi don economist, the Ediaburgh seer Mr. M. T. burrs has the pleasure aed peek el
tti eiree° him k clouds in the horizon. He bang; and a brewer, as, we beings. Mr. Wtaaart b.
etre* , rtand ,t, penny aid disorder, u a sad may be admirably qualified to take an active Oils
rrn Eniciish pggepreity ; and at the game in the governmeat of an empire ioltablesi
mito tut bermaik all the supposed and aug- by ase handfed and fifty milsns of
!•.s.:ll„,aide of middle and upper clan, %baronial/1 which they never sew. Bat l, on the- Pgl, jeep sightry and dinffectio. bead, be granted by all °solid nies that the probe-
so, of to aggravate or darken what the billies are mosey asst gentkmea so immersed
14:n, marts in sufficiently sombre colours, but is other boiling being so fitted. What is possible
v"..j rely warn those who make light of the high is, to say the neat of it, very improbable. Yet, seth
'motion, that this is precisely the decline is the system at the India House, that cue a director
frtt, recoils that forces a middle clue to partake always a director, is just as much a rule as that cage
of the eseidition and then of the sentiments of a parson always a person is a nazis of eases law.
bescath them. ninety might make them The syskm there perpetuates add emir= issefil
•
dent directors when once elected; and it also prevents
really competent men presenting elves for
election.
There may be advantages in having some lade-
peadent merchants in the direction (and there were
when the company was a trading body) in having
some experienoid financiers in the court. But to
re-elect four men out of six at one batch who know
nothing personally of India, does seem an anomaly
even in the present form of our lodise administration!
But the system " works well." That is a ques-
tion that would require a lengthened answer.
The truth is, that all who have seriously thought on
the subject of the Icdia House, have long ago owns to
an opinion adverse to the present system of electing
directors. An uninterested and irresponsible consti-
tuency chooses penally incompetent, self-seeking,
aid indifferent representatives. And tbe oonsequenos
el each a choice as that India is farmed rather than
governed; it is regarded rather as a eountryof path-p-
-age thus as Antoine* to be ruled for the sake of its
peoPle-
" Ab," complacently said a deceased director in
our hearing, " its long since I satisfied all nal
claims on me ; and now I look out for men!"
Bat how few live to look out for good men. And
what a principle on which to risk an empire, that
private considerations can prevail in the distribution
of its office' over public merits or national wants.
Yet patronage it is that lies at the root of the bad go-
vernment of Indio.

~::os~

4e, re ti. oreurrenees combine just now to create
int-res• in what is passing at the India
. flit melancholy death of the late otairma
.;,..e:ersie.l, it is said, by the discussion while anew
isnot of directors oa his proposition to appoint
it it tin 61Larite,• fair officer but a better hems
4:10 to the Supreme Council of India) ; the MOW
4 Mr. Stt r nun% by much the ablest awake
caw. to the chair for this year ; the neck sad
cootie? in the court between the super Dartb
;.!,sere llono and the statistical Colonel STILES fee
gostv chair, terminating in a majority of or» in
yr ze a the former, the importance of which
v : tome only known and be felt when notice le
of veer given of the expiration of the charter ;
Triernt vacantly in the direction, and the hot
%ere for the seat that is »ging between Mr. TosT
.:A.I rr and Major Moms ; the strongly contrasted
;:tede of the annual change in the governors of
lodic and the strange importance which a
or retired Indians, of great ability and even still
seer emecientionmess, will persist is attributing
• !oeemesimein the Court of Proprietors : —The almost
soleinesee occurrence of these 'rests unites I. ma-
ttg to our reeillettion that, little as we task of
-M. Maly are not without their effect on the Wise
any handfed million, of our fellowmillimilliamil
-I millions of our tributaries in India.
Ice C-arter Act enacts that directors basis" served
:?!ear. 'hall no ont of officer as the 10th of Aped.
!ro• here-eligible for the next twelve months. Da
zh a'ter the lapse of a year, these out- dis
•-ra may hi no-elected by the propriet veer ialß
;inset, it is still to be doubted whether the re.
that annually take place previously to the
t April are quite in the spirit of the Mita&
rohcantially these proceedings transfer the
:on of the incoming directors front
ro-stituency in which parliament has
d P. to the remaining eighteen di-
who molly nominate their six eol-
Tbe process of replacement takes plass
1-dis House by the form rather than the sub-
. f a ballot, at which the proprietors of the
s,e rreaumed to attend in person, or by proxy,
ts.umed to have a choice and a voice in the
of »Midst» offering for their seketion.
his. however, been taken long before the
-ion arrive*, to spire " the ladies and
" the trouble or the difficulty of think-
themselves on a point so important
peasantry of India, who pay them
• tid..md of 10 per cent. For r
ll.august and imperial uses to
!a Home is turned, not the least significant,
s-sreelv the most dignified, is that of serving
.•tr office for directors ; where the court ca-
r is pleased to bestow on its members lima-
.4
WI tten character, testifying to his eminent
%!, wh.mever it fells to his lot, as it does
T,.tr. to offer himself for imelectioo, after
.;re months of probationary existence.
mple. in March last, there issued a cir-
tl,.. India House. signed by 23 out of the
s, which fir weeks went the round of the
ire. sone. ing "the favour of the vote and
of the "ladies and gentlemen" for the fol.
-directors :—Lientenant-General Sir J. 1..
.a. 0.C.8. • GEORGE LTALL, Esq.; Jons
r•PILATT. Eeq.; ELLIOTT NIACNAGHTLN,
ETIN F. SMITH, Esq.; WILLIAM WIGRAM.
•er was op-Fended the very considerate h-
at in order to save personal attendance,
we desirous of voting by proxy may obtain a
rorney for that purpose at the treasury in this
; house—the treasury thereof being, it may
.1. "Acted because of its plsasant sssocia.
le proprietary mind with dividends well
psol. The ballot, so thoughtfully pre.
so carefully organised, ends of course, as
\' the India House end without in modern
litary exception. in favour of the directory.
"the glasses are closed, the numbers
the nominees of the court are declared
'id " to take their share for other four years
»meat. of India, and in the patronage of
which each director receives 3001. a year,
.incan
mos: is, of course, a lawful one ; the Car-
oms it out ;it will just " hold water." Bat
'M, it is hardly what the statute contem-
n destructive of any real responsibility
t of the directors to their constituents,
legisl store sought to establish ; and it is
'0 perpetuate ignorance, incompetence, or
the C..urt of Direction, if ever such human
imperfections should by accident obtain
it,» a body which annually gives good
to six of its members.
mi of the yearly circular and its very sag.
*script, moreover, do not constitute the
fled of documents. They smack of a can-
tILTVIC7 in S. Ann's Charity School, or to •
.e Indigent Blind Asylum, rather than the
stectien to the government of an em-
-1 beget an apprehenlion that the collector
::a I loos will, sober qviently to the election
y besought, call on the " ladies and gentle-
rerpi c' fully addressed and cared for, for their
`scriptions. In truth, there is much that is
in the principle of such a circular, and not
at is unpleasant in its matter. For it
sff ct not only render the respoesi-
r.ekction a sham ; but they do so in an
'lid unskilful manner. If the whole affair
it could »rely be better dressed up.
the le gisla`ure has in its wisdom seen ID
the choice of the rulers of India upon " the
gentlemen" forming the proprietary of
steck, whilst at the same time it has sw-
, from all pecuniary lase or legal respond-
squint upon the abase of the great trusts
'posed in them, yet the public will
to remember that British India is
p motion ; that the director' of
India Coapany, however anomalously
.'.d towards the nation in the position of
,teweeds of a great estate, the manage-
hiek they have, onbiddeu, ventured to a-
d* men best qualified for it ; and come-
fit the nation has an undoubted right, as
with the solemn but hitherto neglecte..l

Arrinising the character and preteisions,
ications and self-stated fitness, of the gen-
o so courageously rash from their privacy
at 10,04 X) miles distance, 130 millions of

FRANCE.

bound, it is to be inferred, to take the six
who have just been released from pa
sterysitioe, and of the testimonial orrtheir
as, in agricultural phraseology, " • fair
the sack." On glaring at their names,
,e that four out of the six so pre-eminently
diseet the various and complex concerns
ifire, which is made up of • congeries et
we never set foot in India. The forums
• MCSPIATT, SMITE!, and %Victims,
urn" in the City of London ; and there,
.tuteoltbair avocations, their lives have been
•'• Of the other two, Sir JANI49 LUSIIINGTON
• left India. where his career was purely
with an awkward military passage in
' 26 years ago. Whilst the other, Mr.
held employments out of Cal-
-1 ti el the lucrative post he filled (the
ift of English bankrupt houses) was one
rht him more in contact with • certain
own eountrymeo, than into connexion
and ses-slvent natives. Of the interior
of the condition of the people subject to
Sell' of himself and his colleagues, Mr.
•... can personally know nothing. These
cen s therefore be fitted to be the rides
' only on the proverb, " that an the
• i Nevi, the one ejod are kings "—dens k
N. • .ryl,4 lowynes wont roil'.
admit, just possible, that a navy
!wets lane, as Mr. Mt:SHUTT is; a
Lrahh is; a member of the groat

PARIS, flattnaDAT, 7 • u.
The tremendous disaster at Aopers has for the
moment thrust aside the Paris eltotion from the chief
place in public attention. A variety of letters and
journals from the spot plot the calamity with all its
terrible details. The beet account seems to be given
in the Journal die Mane et Loire, and is as follows:
At 11 o'clock this mon* a squadron et hussars, caning
hoes Nantes, had crossed over the suspension bridge of the
Been Maine without any eiteident. although the wind blew
very 'seedily hem the west, end the river was very agitated.
The last of the horses had seemly crossed the bridge, than
the head of the column of the third battalion of the 11th
light inteatry appeared as the other side. Reiterated ween-
ier were given to the troops to break tato maims, es is
weaselly done, bet the rain falling heavilat the time, ft was
disregarded, and the battalion advsseed Is close column. The
head of the battalion had readied the opposite side, the pie
seen, the drummers, and a past of the bated were of the
bridge, when • horrible crash was hoard; the cast.iron
columns of the ri4bt back suddenly gave way, crinkled
tonestli them the rear of the 4th compeer, which, with the
flask sompaey, had net mitered on the bridge. To dneribe
the fricktfal spectacle and the cries of despair which were
raised is impossible ; the scene at the bridges of Simla*
can alone rive an idol of it. The whole town rushed I.
to the spet to give essistance. In Wt. of the sterns
which was raging. all the hosts that could be ore at were
laesebed to picksp the soldiers in the river, and a west
number who were clinging to the parapets of the bridge,
or who were kept afloat by their knapsacks, were hasp
dieted got out. The greeter number of them were, how-
ever, found to be wounded by the bayonets or by the frag-
ments of the bridge hiked on them. Every one on the
'pot vied wilh each other in rendering segistaase,
'ed, as the soldiers were got cut, they were led into the houses
adjoining, and *very moist:moo rives. Thole who wore too
mucti tilered to welt wee placed on litters. All the an-
ti 0-ities of the town, the trooio in the perigee, and the
°Hie, n and soldiers who had 'seeped briery had only one
idi e, that of rendering all the assistance in their power. A
young lieutenant of the 11th, M. Lou?, rendered himself
coospicuous for his heroic eieftions; and a young workwo-
men, at the imminent danger of her life, jumped into the
water and saved the life of an officer, who was just sinking.
It is imrssible for us at this moment to estimate the num-
bee of lives that have bees lost; of those that escoped with
their lives there is scarcely one but has toothed wounds
from the bayonets of his comrades. Several sets of devotion
deserve to be mentioned. A journeymen hatter named Tur-
di. who had acquired some notoriety in the late political
trials, stripped and jumped into the river, sad by his steength
said skill in swimming saved • great many lives. One of
the soldiers who bad reached the shore unhurt, home-
diately stripped and swam to the assistance of his comrades.
A letter from Angers says:

The lieutenant colonel, an old officer of the empire, as-
misted by the adjutant and by some of his men, escaped with
his lite ; but altnough seriously wounded and brui.ed,
' he would not quit the spot, but remained to watch over
the rescue of his companions in arm. It is impossible to
&verbs his s dicitude and coolness in the midst of the
frigktfial t by which be wee surrounded. The inhab4
tants of the town warmly seconded the exertions of the
efficen, who forgot themselves to go to the enigmas* of
their soldiers. A grand musical congress wee to have taken
place next week at Augers, bet, in consequence of this catas-
trophe, the committee has decided that the Jests shall not
take place.
The following additional details are from the Pre-
eurseur of Anders of yesterday :
The sepeasioa•bridge which has fallen was built about
twelve years ago, but about a year Mee underwent repairs
, which Kit the tows about 36,000 fr. The euspendiorchains
' at Int gave way oa one side only, when the soldiers on the
bridge, feeling the movement of the fluor of the bridge, na-
busily rushed to the other side, when the chains there also
gave way, and the whole fluor of the bridge foil. From ore
bask to the other the river was completely blocked up with
the soldiers straggling to resek the shore. If the weather
had been calm, tee greater number of them would in all
probability have bees saved. The wind, however, blew a
perfect hurricane, and the waves were very rough. Names
of men might be seen clinging to each other, the waves every
moment washing away ems of them until only one re.
moaned. Beams of wood, planks, and every article that
could be laid hold of were lausehed to enable the men to
keep themselves all at until further assistance could arrive.
Ten e'Clock.—The muster-roll has just been called over.
Of the Ist, 2nd, and 3rd companies there only remain 14,
18, and 19 men respectively. The number deficient
amounts to 219, to which must be added 33 dead, sod 30
wounded in the hospital, snakier; the total lots to the bat-
talion 282. There is reason, however, t, hope that there
may be pot some in private houses which may not be in-
cluded is the number of those whose fate has been known.
The lieut. *Wesel slipped off his horse as he wee falling, and
gasped with a wound is the fees.
Noes.—Sinee this morning 70 bodies bare been picked up,
among whom are a captain, a lieutenant, and two sub
lieutenants. The body of the porte-drapeau was also picked
up, having the standard firmly clutched in his hand. One
soldier had • mu'ket which had run through his body. The
body of one soldier was found completely pierced through
with a musket, and many of the barrels of ;he guns were
beet double.
Two o'Cluk.—The number of bodies found up to this
time amounts to 123. The names of the officers killid or
drowned, as vet aecertaioed, are Capt. Doti, L'eut. Cotter,
Beb4ciete. Porte Drapes* Casette, and Sob Listen. Forgoes
sad Lebritk. It appears that some people belonging to the
town were welting on the bridge at the time of the accident,
for among the bodies found are those of • servant and two
shildren. The bodies of two of the enaployis of the oceroi
leave also been found.

Among the newspapers of the capital thn Biiele
has been the first to respond ti the deep emotions of
horror and pity which have shaken the public at this
calamitous news. That journst, in • leading article
calculated to promote public sympathy with the
bereaved families of the victims of the accident, de-
clares that a subscription for their relief has been
opened in the office of the Slide.
Tne committee of the moderate press and
M. Ldclerc, guided by its advice, have resAved
to take no account of the preparatory bellot
announced by the Union Electorale. The schism
between these two parties e, ems to open once
mere to the socialists • favourable chance for csa:rTing
the day. M. Leclerc bas already taken a precipitate
rep, which be found it necessary to retract. lie
wrote the following letter to the union of the Rue
Berere.
Gentleman,—The partial dim.lution of the Electoral
Union, the resignation of its vicie-presielent, M. D.lsmaravi,
and that of a west number of its members, make its duty
for me heneeterth to rely entirely, so regards air csndriatr-
ship, up ai the committee composed of reprisenteives of the
people and teletrates of the matins guard and the press,
appointed by the 0- nerd Alterably at which my candidate-
sh,p was proclaimed.
The Monifeur die Soir, of yesterdly evening, ex-
plains this letter as follow.:
At the hresking up of the ratting of the ciremittee of the
Electoral Union, %ererlay, • member of t c bureau went
to M. lettere, and obtained from him a letter 14 adhesion,
by telling him that the I, quest was male with the con-
currence of the ventral meeting of the Rue viers, By
obtaining from M Lectern a letter pl,l4inis himself to with-
draw it the preparatory hallot ahmal I not be favour ail@ to
him, a snare was laid which be d' d on seeing the lid
of the seven names. _ _

M. I,clerc instantly wrote the fo!lowing letter to
the FJeztorel Union.

M ,itsieur le Prki,lent,—l Item. lostniql Int it twwi not

eqseert with the general estneeittee ul rrpres ntatives ul the

, ...soft thebest Lowest Claim/.
- - - - -..
3 peseawls.,.....„ I 3.5 03 ,55 40 55 73 95 30 83 53
3 wet amts. B9 35 188 73 99 $0 83 73 89 25
5 al. New Lout .„ 1 w w “ m.
44 Warta w w w If
4 waist& ONO 911, PI
Ezelwine, ow Lemke : atelegt, 23 33 • 90 dem 23 43. "
EVA 1340 994 Weep 1 Naples 14ates limey
3, MI 99i ~ i Manse Lam 1819 784 „
Do. 4y
Do. t — w
'Freeway Bawds_ 5
Inedrooot 3 par Opts 93 90 : iHask Shares

PARIS, Amt. lb. I For
Money.
• .
Laa'ke

For Asootult.

Boars. Paris sad Orleans, 700 ; Paris and Rosso, 310 ;
Roues and Havre, 310; Strasbourg and Rale, 103; Orleans and
Visrasn, 316 23 ; Orleans and Bordeaux, 342 30; Neatly 416 33 ; Pans
and Onaabourg, 333; Town and N •ntea, 223; Unarms and
Troyes, 100; 'milks (right bank), 161 73 ; do. (left beak), 140 ;
Avigoon and Marseilles. ISO.

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