The Express.
London, England, 1857-06-12 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING. JUNE 12, 1857:

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LONDON, FRIDAY, JUNE 12.

A DOUBLE NUMBER of the EXPRESS will
p. pebliihed es weal TO-MORROW.

'Lute advice, from Southern Europe unfortunately
concur in representing that the silk crop has again
failed, the yield being variously stated at two-fifths,
and even one-half only, of the ordinary average.
This would represent about the BIM amount of pro-
duce ss lan year, when the consequences were
felt so severely in the silk districts of France, which
had in addition to endure the privations arising
from the inundations, the deficient harvest, and the
failure of the vintage. Although there is happily
every prospect that the two latter elements
of suffering will not exist this year, the
failure of the silk crop is in itself an evil
of no ordinary magnitude, inasmuch as it
forms almost the sole resource of a con-
siderable number of persona engaged in
resting the silkworms, the cultivation of the mul-
berry, and the preparation of the silk, and is
moreover of vital importance to the prosperity of
Lyons and its dense population, engaged in the silk
manufacture. Nor do the accounts above quoted
fully represent the extent of the calamity. The
number of eggs put to hatch this =eon was largely
beyond the average, and yet the yield of silk does
not exceed that of last year ; showing that the dis-
ease, so far from being checked, would appear to be
wren more violent and general. The price of
eggs, which had been about three francs per ounce,
had risen to fifteen francs in 1850, and even a
higher price has been paid during the present
season for those procured from localities where the
disease had not shown itself. But notwithstanding
the expense thus incurred in the hope of securing
more vigorous broods, the result has been the same;
many of the eggs failed altogether, others produced
worms which, after undergoing one or two changes,
were seised with the fatal 'anise, sad a small por-
tion only promise to reach the chrysalis state. More-
over, the moths from these latter, instead of being
valuable for the eggs they produce, are only a source
of future anxiety, for an intelligent silk grower of
the Cevennes has remarked that although the first
generation from a new and healthy breed of moths
may be successful, the second invariably fails wholly
or partially. The malady would therefore appear to
be local, were it not that districts hitherto unattacked
by the disease have shown tokens of its presence,
the course of the infection being as unaccountable
and mysterious as that of the vine or of the potato.
That so dire a calamity should excite the anxiety
of the Government, and that inquiries into the
symptoms and probable causes should have been as
pursued, is to be expected ; but hitherto re
success has attended the endeavours to previa, a
remedy. In the departments of the Rhone and
Gard alone it is estimated that nearly two hotbed
thousand persons are directly or indirectly ewe&
in the preparation and manufacture of silk as the
chief means of their subsistence ; and in the Cevennes,
the land, nearly valueless for other purposes, sad
utterly incapable of supporting the population
by agriculture, reaches sometimes the price d 1
8001. per acre. The lose of the silkworm
involves at the same time the diminution d
the revenue from this land, so that the sacrifice a
capital represented by so extensive a mortality es
that which has occurred during the last two's=
is something enormous. As regards the silk =mete
facture, it was hoped that the deficiency of raw ma•
terial might in a great degree be supplied by China
silk ; but this hope has been only partially realised.
It may be recollected that in treating of this subject
last year we quoted the opinion of a Lyons manu-
facturer, to the effect that the looms of that city
could not advantageously be employed in working
up Eastern silk, inasmuch as it would be impossible
to compete with England in the production of the
particular class of goods for which that silk
was available. The speciality of Lyons is the
manufacture of those rich and costly fabrics for
which the soft glory silk of Southern Europe is
absolutely essential ; and it is now stated that
general dissatisfactions expressed as regards the
goods manufactured from China and Bengal silk,
and that their employment must be almost disconti-
nued, if the Lyons manufactures' are to retain their
most important and profitable customers.
The demand for raw silk, consequent on the
failure of that of Europe, has nevertheless rendered
the importation of vast quantities of those Easters
silks absolutely necessary, and the price has been
greatly enhanced, not only by the increased demand,
but by the necessity for paying for them in silver.

THE cue of the Rosen Catholic Members of the
Legislature sad the Oaths Bill is very easily told.
When the Ad of 11129 we passed, the fears of timid
Protestants were so great and the spirit of Toryism
in Church and State ran so high, that a special oath
was framed professedly with the view of precluding
Roman Catholics from using their Parliamentary
privileges against the Established Muth. Practi-
cally the result has been that, from the vagueness
and generality of the phraseology made nee of in
the Statute in question, venom interpretations
wholly distinct, nay wholly repugnant to one
another, have been and en pat upon the obligation
thus imposed. Some Roman Catholics mieeidee them-
selves absolutely debarred from taking any part in
proceedings Ong the Established Church. even
in temporal winters. Others hold themselves free to

vote for the reduction of its inordinate endowment in '
Ireland, on the ground taken by liberal churchmen,
that such reduction is not an act of hostility, but
of reasonable and even salutary reform. And
some wander themselves free, notwithstand-
ing the oath contained in the Relief Act of
1829, to speak and vote as they please, like
any other Members of Parliament, on Church ques-
tions. This difference of interpretation is confessed
and notorious, and being so, it presents one of the
grossest illustrations of the practice of profane
swearing at the tables of both Houses of Parliament
that it is possible to conceive. It has also about it
this hateful and detestable aggravation, that its con-
tinuance furnishes a sort of pied eitsers to the
polemical factionists to ding out continually impu-
tithes d perjury against a considerable number of
them who are permitted to make laws for the Empire.
Anything worse, or more loudly demanding reforma-
tion, we cannot conceive.
Finding a bill introduced whose provisions place all
other persuasions on a footing of equality, but leave
them es they are by special and invidious exceptional
words, the Roman Catholic Peers and Members meet
together and take counsel how they may be included
in the scope of the general Act. Men smarting
under a vexation of this sort are seldom very mea-
eared in their grumbling, and getting angry, as
they are apt to do after talking it over with one an-
other, we may admit, for arguments sake, that
they talked a good deal of illogical and possibly
illiberal stuff on the occasion. But is that
any racoon for ruling to the conclusion that
they are a mere banditti of bigots, ready to
way-lay their Jewish fellow-sufferers on their way
to redrew, unless the latter shared their ore rsteat
gains with them ? The answer et this aims
Catholics as a political body is on this bead del. INA
complete. With hardly an exceptiony they have
year after year voted uniformly for the aiiisios of
the Jew. to Parliament. All that time they have
prayed, but prayed in vain, to have their Ma pecu-
liar grievance redressed; but failing in their im-
portunity, they have nevertheless steadily lbw their
duty in this regard, and voted for the eleonninhes
of the sons of Israel. Yet now, because they vesture
to look sulky, and try to make terms foe theresives
as a last resource, the Times takes whip 3A Irma, sad
begins cutting them without distinction mem the
face, to the tune of " You won't—won't yea!'
We cherish the confident expectation that the
noblemen and gentlemen who assembled weer era
presidency of the Duke of NORFOLK the sear dry
to deliberate upon the interesting subject we bone
adverted to, will not suffer themselves to be budgeted
eet baited into doing what, after it was dons, they
raid regret, and which would be inconsistent with
tasaenourablc and high-spirited part they have so
lea( pursued in this matter. Let them show that
they can rise superior to the sectarian resentments
and piques by which men are too frequently swayed;
and that even when they feel themselves unjustly
treated, they can themselves be just. They may be
assured that in the long run the manifestation of •
demeanour such as we have pointed to will do more
to secure the ultimate concession of what they right-
fully demand than a dozen defeats of the Jew ques-
tion by their instrumentality. Sooner or later what
they seek for is sure to come ; and it will only lin
retarded by their being duped or driven into a
spiteful or unworthy coarse. It is quite fair lad
right that the whole merits of the case should be
discussed in Committee on the Bill ; but should the
Amendments of Mr. DLAST not be carried, we trait
that he and his co-religionists will, notwithstanding,
vote against the Amendment of Sir F. TIMMER.

Till SOUTH ESSEX LIBERAL IIaTIVAL.

This festival, which has excited considerable in-
terest throsgboat the literal rank. of twos for bona time
past, the wore me (says the Clulmsford Chronicle) when it
wee announced that one of her Nejesty's ministers would
take the chair thereat, took piece at Chelmsford, on Wed-
nesday afternoon; and though_ it was more pertindarly to
celebrate the return of R. Baker Wingfield, Esq., for the
southern the win from distant towns and
districts showed there wpa prd with the day • fooling
of triumph at the change winch the general election had
tented, in sending ay to the House of Commons • " Liberal
Fire" from Rams and its borough.. The dinner took place
in the New Corn Exchange, the company ntuubering

asen74oo-.
The B.IAt Hon. J. LAPOITH 'tux, the Colonial Secretary,
took the .thsk, with R. B. Winglioid, Esq., M.P., on his
right band, and J. Garden Itew, Erl. M.l'.; T. S.
eateers, lip., M.P.; and J. A Hard matte, Req., M.P.,
cm the left.
The CZAIIIIIAN, In proposing the toast to Mr. Wingfield,
reviewed dos struggles-of -the liberal party in nem, and
observed I bare been a great tunny years a member of
the Howe of Commons, and recollect it was once quite me-
lancholy to leek at the liberal Mocha, sad see than occupied
by so few country members, but now I perceive there is a
great change, end it is quite cheering to look upon the goodly
erray
_of moat respectable gentlemen whore preeent the
English counties In the Howe of Commons.—(Choers ) 1
do not wish to tread upon what may be thought dangerous
ground, but I think a good deal of the comae of that was,
that for • tom time, as long as the contest for protection was
going on in this country, there was an impression in the
agricultural districts that those who were friends to
freo-trade were not friends to the agriculturist. I
believe that wee the reason the counties were very
little represented by liberal members in the Ileum of
Commons, but as an old free-trader myself I hope we
have not rained the farmers by
_whet we have done. I
trust that the farmers of Ems find that though protection
has been withdrawn they are still elite to cultivate their land
to advantage-4A Votes—"• Better than ever I—and are as
prosperous as they ever have been.
Dir. WINOVISI.D.O speech, in reply, was received with
loud
Th Joan Puon WOOD, Bart., proposed the
health of the Chairmen in connexion with her Mapety's Mi-
nisters. Tim linve," be " the bell at their fort, and
if they do set banks It Hist which we expect of them all
I Gen my, yawl pear severity of comment, is, that I
In be Sri emerketar ilbeinted. We expect a reform
In a dreadfnl it Is to
besreddripeisrbwris end rectors ere members of
the Honed Onmills• lanme if the late Lord Eldon
ha fwd. le roil bpi sill ihe political sun of England
sa tot giest. I wail sik soy patleman of the
tItIM= laare der • I /men n tali Court,ha b
e e: have,r
116110, yew }WNW sibllse bee not to do all th
Wilt big • indi portion of the profits
Om with wilitsegt is Sr goat vexed question of
aw
se ssito.ii=bste, sal lad cheers.) We expect
d lb tight oil his colleagues that
do goo= shall be id= 1111•110er which, without
:Zigiagise to the alma. Ea give, ample, (Or, end
to that Isigfik vespuieble,
_and influential
beep rae meeters of this eeentry. (Loud applause.) I
ems Mit nits they be: catholic or protestant. We expert
elm Set Hoe shaltho a grand principle of education mimi-
cked—a gelesipie of education which shall be secular en its
0414111111111111/6 all, but which shall give to every sect and
distisifirli--‘, we of the protestant church are a sect—that
AA gin giumbody a fair privilege of instructing their
dillima M twig Is which they shall wish them to ge—
nial:l=ln an w:lahtogil and
odu "ant inweGcloAMsmerc
ore ; we
MOW MOW ma to usimilmi their rights, and, knowing, to
fsYliam; we am by that, not a revolutionary mm-
▪ ulatili go! la MAI wassireative., because, once teach
*MOM brerelfie fen dilaileell privileges, you will also
mils him to supsitig es delis sad privileges of others.
And= WINN, In in enseinlig point, reform—(hear,
bag thomitiollon dsisJirt which ia ham, and
ist augalloat es Meg d litesiorn ; not a reform
tthdill Angel es d the country, or which
W" moo ig gag doe OMNI MN the authority of tier
=BM= liejeldbfillin et do Howe Lords, but
lie Teal sod the democracy of
gat
I Issilly.
onelf,tefn }Mega which at the present
I griatris g000k" (Chen
In wp/, allorted that the govern.
meet all MIMI with a sincere desire,
em ene got site the condition of
the di Shit oosaley ; on the other to o-
bese Ho Mao 'my rentenable übjection which
es, ma sup spirt it. With regard to psobernentery re-
issuktbe grimemet felt that if they tamper with the consti-
tuting meMendlyend rain it, other by hasty and revolts•
down pine* or too long delaying the task of repair, they
Fintlelimmd that great trust which Providence hes given
is ail flinta, and which they wwe bound to preserve and
asst
at.
of the members for the boroughs was aelmow-
Lt.Ripon end Mr. SI'TTON WEIVIDHS, and a
uns paid to Mr. Blvd.:acute.
Dos mpg blobs beim paid to wine other touts, the
mow agented.

ITALY.

-•--
THE TWO SICILIES.

(MOM OVL OWN C01LRENr0...,.......
NAPLES, :USE 4.
All the foreigners higve left, and Naples—the once
gay and busy Naples—is now, comparatively speak-
ing. the City of) )(repletion.
There was noise enough here, indeed, last Mon-
day, when thousands of lea;ehanalian dewiet,
were returning from the ,rte of Monte Ver.
gine. There resides one of the many hundred
miracolose ernmayini of the Madonna; and there
annually assemble tens of thousands of people to
pray and feast, to crawl and drink au d lick the
ground, to degrade human nature, but to assist and
support a religious system which grows strong by
ignorance and superstition. The government makes
good roads for these devotees to pass over, for igno-
rance is one of the elements of its power. The
curious stranger rushes to get a look at the feathers,
the nice necklaces, and all the other outward and
visible signs of folly ; and your artist paints them ;
whilst the moralist looks beneath the surface, and
sighs to think how mighty arc the strongholds of
civil and religious despotism. There was much
more feverish excitement displayed this year than
usual, and besides hordes of policemen in uniform
or undress, cavalry were drawn up in the Riviera di
Chiaja, and patrolled other parts of the city.
Amongst our May meetings there has been one at
Ischia, in the form of what is called a
" mission." One of the ceremonies performed was
that of walking in procession to a point called Cal-
vary, all with crowns of thorns, and the head man I
carrying a cross. The first day the bishop was the
crass-bearer; the second day a noble lord, who dis-
tinguished himself some years ago by manipulations
with St. Peter's chains at Rome, carried the cross,
as being the most distinguished person present, and
found it, I am told, rather heavy.
1 have already mentioned that after the visit of
the two Englishmen to Montesarchio, Media, a mild
man, who had been appointed as inspector of police
two or three weeks before, was removed, and the
original inspector sent back. I now confirm that
news, and that this system of severity was on the
increase.
Madame /Cisco has been permitted to visit her
husband without the intervention of the double iron
bars. Three persons were present. Poor Nisco took
his child on his knee with its back towards the cus-
todes, but was ordered to turn it round with its face
towards them. Frequent applications were made for
Madame Niseo's visit to the prison before the recent
English inspection, but they had always been re-
fused or unattended to. Cruel as, however, is the
cue of political prisoners in this kingdom, their
liberation in the opinion of a royal prince, and of all
thinking men here, is of secondary importance. The
first thing is to secure the just execution of the laws
by means of guarantees. Nothing will be ever done
without this—from the first I have maintained this
opinion, and atill maintain it.
Besides the decree of which I sent you a conden-
sation the other day, others have issued, but hays
not been printed as yet.
The Provinces of Avellino and the Calabriu are at
this time, I am told, inundated with Muralist pro-
clsmations, and considerable excitement prevails—
where does it not ? the whole country is a volcano.
The tendency of desperation will be to Muratism,
and England by her policy gives an impulse to that
tendency. It is Impossible to walk out without
perceiviug that the all engrossing subject here is the
political position of the country.
Five per Cents., 1111. Exchange on London, 543.

BRITISH AMERICA.

(HT MAIMIZIIC TELBOILAPH.)
(YROX OWL OWN

LIVERPOOL, Patna'''.
The Circassian, screw steamer, Captain C. Powell,
with later adv ices from Portland, Halifax, and New-
foundland, passed Point Lynas, at six a.m., this day.
She is expected to arrive In the river about noon.