The Express.
London, England, 1850-10-30 00:00:00

Ir

Zhe Crpreoo.

OUTGOING NAIL&
Th. Mai,. for an. Sae Nleoles, sad Bt. Vieeent
(ape de Verde), Siena LAM., sal Ammar" will be weds
up sesterrow assailer.
TM meths *a Udall North Asides, Bermuda, and the
Culled BUM will ti made up, per " Franklin," so the
thethisp of Nev. 1; is
pit " Calabria," os the everting ihe
ONO,. 1.
The sells ler Wealth will ho theth up is Nov. 2.
The mails fee the West Indies, Teueratie, 21sw °nada,
sad theytows, we) be made up is Nov. 2.
The mails toe the Breath, and Buenos Ayres, will
be side up os the et Nov. 4.
The math ha Lithos, end Gibraltar will be nods
us so Nov. 7.
The mai gis Matesillse, to the Nediterrantha, EWA,
Cavite, Isdie, lissr/Less, ths, will be wade up as We
make; et Nov. 7.
The sea& ke Navennah, Nosdures. Nassau, sad Israel,
CIO, of Pere, will be made up ea Nov. 17.
The math tar Gibraltar, Naha, 01•4144 the loudest bleada,
°Woe, Inds, sal Mr, the Boutthatptes, will
billi=e up as the stasis( el Nev. ID.

Ws have been expostulated with for slender-
dluding, aad consequently misrepresenting. the
Mays and natant of Mr. D. limes charge to
, t creaj ail of Birmingham.toye Womemuenuddeers understood
iee victim and punishment of men for being not
proven, but reputed, thieves. And we took it for
pan Led that if such was constituted a crime by
Masts, the polies might arrest, the magistrate@ own-
%
sandowthevier7redahe*ma.
ve reason Psatonocl
believe, keloont. teMmrl
nothing of the kind; and merely advised
ilegmating the power of the jury, y with
mord to amused peewee who have suaCeldillipeenoas
emanation, to demand proof of their same of liveli-
hood ; and, in default of this proof, to require bail for
good conduct, or to award limited imprissuneet.
The subject of the learned Rromria's reflections
is certainly amongst the most important emesideietiens
of the time: for the theory or the science of haw OM
ntly criminal portion of a population le is
=with, is in a most inchoate or infant
At present we offer every facility fee the bee I
and formation of this criminal popehlien. to
when reared we allow a very fair term of hadviiese i
gad development, carrying off and trealreadagillia a
eaffieiest proportion of them to make sir fir • as&
and supply
.of younger hands, sad ems giving Ile
ate spring and impulse for
ectzier alive sad
ting the more vermin of
aagli:clide of unfortunate beings has indeed acquired
such a statue amongst us, that it hes undergone
somewhat of the humanising influence of the vie.
Great crimes, for instance, have become abhorrent to
its nature; and this has occurred precisely since the
abolition of the punishment of death for robbery and
burglary. In fact, the illegal preying apes the
wealth of society hu become a profersion larded ea
with all the skill and the least barbarity
And when the world is startled by the eomm=eti
a murder, it is generally found to ave been com-
mitted, not by a regular member of h
the permanently
criminal class, bat by an awkward amateur ra
passion-driven desperado.
It is quite evident that of the la's crimes which have
startled and affrighted us in rural districts the peeps-
triton are not of the regular criminal class. They us
not expert London thieves, driven from their usual
scenes of depredation by the activity of the polies: the
burglaries at Charing-cress sufficiently evince this. The
Frimley murder and burglary are of quite another dm
—that of the rustic labourer out of employ. Wes de set
by this mean the agricultural labourer, for whose there
never was a larger field of employment than the pre-
sent, but that large and nomads tribe of labourers that
have bees created by railroad expenditure. Having
acquired certain gregarious habits, and been indulged
with more than the wonted rate of wages, the railroad
labourer does not return willingly back into the
agriculture class. Indeed his place there has bees
filled up. It is the diminution of metes and the pre-
cariousness of life with this set of workmen that has
' infected so many remote and rustic districts with
' insecurity and with crime. Wherever Tawas&
' extend, these men wander in search of work, and is
lack of work, of plunder. It is not merely in Benny
that their presence is felt, but in the remotest die-
tricts. In Booth Wales, for example, where people
used to deep with open doors, el the pre:nations
usual in the vicinity of the metropolis are obliged to
be had recourse to. The police may overtake and
punish such depredators and burglars, bat prevention
is not within the attributes of this force. We do
not know of any class to which facilities for emi-
=might more justly and more beneficially to
yes and society be extended, than to
the elate of labourers and their families employed
is the construction of runways.
There is a defect or a lack in our criminal returns
which might be easily and usefully supplied. This
is a column denoting the place of birth and original
calling of the criminal population. Were this afforded,'
u we believe it is in France, we should know at a
glance how much of this class was really reared in
town, how much from immigration from the country. I
This ascartained, we should be better informed as to I
where and in what direction measures of prevention I
might be applied. These measure. of prevention, in 1
creased penalties,
are not to be sought en any in-1
penalties, or any enlargement of the powers 1
of the police, of the judges, or of the courts, but is
attention to the education, cmditioo, development, or
distress, of different classes ' - to the fluctuations of
expenditure, of labour, and of prices ; with altogether
an exceptional system of police of both repression
and relief applied to the metropolis and to very
large towns, than is either necessary or advisable
throughout the rest of the empire.
We publish a letter on the subject of the police,
from which we totally differ, though it has been in-
serted from respect to the position of the writer. The
effort and the system of a police force are always for
the detection and punishment of crime, rather than
for the prevention of it. The prevention of it, con-
nected as it is with the subsistence, comfort, and con-
tentment of the population, must depend upon local
authority, property, and vigilance. To divest the
locality of this national are, and throw the onus of
protection on a centralised police, were to defeat, net
advance the great object in view. It is poverty that
begets crime, and to deal with poverty requires not
centralised vigour, but local consideration. Fresh
precautions are certainly required in rural districts
against the depredations or despair of the unsettled
clam of labourers that we have alluded to. Bat this
class will gradually be absorbed. The number and
impunity of tows thieves forms quite another qua-
ties. For these the powers of the police an suffi-
ciently centralised, and yet we do not sae that they
am so very successful in repression.

WM Warta Ai lams mama
Teo Day-11.W. N. fa........ 10.11~0. 101 i. fa.
suourw-iNia/Na. AINIENE. Om

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 30.
AORICOILTITRAL meetings are in a state of transi-
tion. They were formerly need as opportunities of
mutual palaver. They are at present made available
pr the expression of mutual discontent. The next
phase, it may be hoped, will be that of mutual con
passion and reconciliation. The days of puffing and
patronising &repassed away with protection, never to
return. Agriculture is no longer capable of puresit
as a traditionary species of gambling in whichfrom time
immemorial all the thorough-bred players sat on one
side, and all the bumpkins were ranged upon
the other. Even before the break-up of the system,
" the blunt folk " were beginning to find out that
they had fax the worst of it ; and it was to stifle their
murmurs and to induce them to play on, that
broad-cloth antagonists resorted to the notable device
of farming skews, ploughing matches, and agricultural
prizes, with all the annual cotderzension of public
dinners. All which, in their way, are no harm, pro-
vided they are not used as a pretence for luring the
farmers into playing "double or quit!"
Just aow these autumnal gathuings seem to be
devoted chiefly to the interchange of complaints and
admonitions. Protection heirs deed, the question
with landlords is how Ion; can the farmers be per-
suaded to pay the old rents; and the question with
the farmers is how soon can they get a permanent
reduction. No pretext has been, or will be, left un-
tried by the former to work out the last half-year's
rack-rent that the occupying tenant can be threatened
or cajoled into yielding. When money, in old times,
need to be wrung out of the Jews through the
intervention of the royal dentist, it is recorded that as
each fang was wrenched from its socket, the agonised
Israelite surrendered a beg of crown pieces, but vehe-
mently vowed that it was his last, and that he need
never be asked for any more. But, as the necessities
of spendthrift power recurred, the persuasive pincers
of authority were applied anew; and at each new
success the sufferer's protestations were naturally less
and less regarded, until sometimes Dot a tooth was
left in his head. The farmers of 1850 are in a similar
position. As long as they go on paying protection rents
and protesting against free-trade prices, they can expect
no sympathy, and they will receive no pity. To be
bamboozled to their faces excites ridicule rather than
commiseration. Landlords meet them at high farming
dinners, and tell them stories about the great changes
that have taken place in tillage since their grand-
fathers' time, and ask who can tell but if they tried
something that never was tried before they might
rally yet. Lord ST. GERMANO coolly comforted his
valued friends in Devonshire by the assurance that
seventy years ago there was not a turnip to be seen
in the neighbourhood ; and, in the boldness of philo-
sophic inquiry, expressed his doubts whether flax
might not be profitably cultivated there as well as
elsewhere, although he was free to confess that whe-
ther that particular soil and climate woald prove pro-
pitious Wit, he bad not the least idea!
Similar noble nonsense mixed up with the stock-in-
trade phrases about " pulling together," self-reliance,
and the indissoluble links which bind all classes by one
common tie of general interest, is echoed in all
directiot.s. At Mtiverton Mr. SANFORD consoled
the tenant class, by enuring them that the
labourers were better off than they had previously
been, by reason of free tree., and that he had made
op his mind to the belief that termer" must, therefore,
be benefited likewise, because national prosperity
ought always to rise from the root of society, not de-
scend from the topmost boughs. All which is excel-
lent in theory, and only needs to be put in practice.
Bat, as was pertinently asked by Mr. KIDNLit, one of
the best farmers present—" out of what fed
were the wages of the labourers paid ?—was
it from profits or capital?"—an interrogatory
whose pointed inference drew forth loud acclamations.
Curiously enough, the only dissentient front this mat-
ter of fact way of dealing with the subject appears to
have been a Mr. firrriters, who is described as a
large farmer, residing on his own estate in Cornwall.
lie rather pooh-poohed " grumbling," and thought
with a little more ' energy," &c., farmers might do
pretty well. Just so ; a man who is his own landlord
may Indulge in more energy and anticipations of
unlimited prosperity. Erre a man who has the good
fortune to have a just and considerate landlord may
struggle through. But the case of nine-tenths of the
holders of land at a rent is very different. More
energy, without security of tenure, without an adjust-
ment of rent to prices, and without allowance for
permanent outlay, is downright absurdity.
At the Hereford meeting Mr. BRADIFFOCK boldly
set forth the unpalatable truth, greatly to the disgust,
no doubt of the county notables:
He regretted to say that It was a notorious fact that the
landed proprietors, with few exoeptione, bad not shown a
liberal sprit in meeting their tenantry. (Great cheerteg.)
He did not presume to take spa himself the dictatorship
between landlord and tenant, but he should be ID diecharg-
lag his duty if he did not, shoe as opportunity caned lONIC
sap upon the larded interest of 'insisted to consider seriously
the perilous position of their tenantry—
The Cieslattss rOOO and said—l ea sorry to interpow,
bet I mast call upon you to remember that we en net •
political society. (Great interruption, and arise of This is
not *Dim," " Hear him," " Oa on, Bradstock." itc.)
Hi'. Bafiliorock had not entered upon political subjects,
sor did be intend to do so. (Cheers.) He hoped, he re-
legated, that the landlords, if they wished to consider
the interest of their tenantry, would at least In these
times of difficulty try by all the means la their power
to relieve them from their present depressed oonditlee. He
hoped they would follow the noble example dike Duke of
Portland, and estinvete what quantity of corn at 584. a quiz
ter would pay the rents which wore paid previous to 1848,
and take no more now from their tenantry than what that
sera would hung at the preen: average prices,. (Cheers.)
He asked the landlords also to visit the fields in which their
tenants' turnips, swedes, and mangold-winsels were grow-
ing, and see the great injury which was done by the
abominable timber trees. (Cheers.) Let the landlords have
those trees failed and solo, and invest the money in the
hands and expend the interest is repairlag their farm-baild.
bags. (Cheers.) And above all, be asked them to thins
&avowing vermin, pheasants, hares, sad rabbits, destroy
to do
away with those grievous sores between landlords end Masa*,
the gamekeepers. (Prolonged cheering.) It might be
thought very liberal fur • landlord to Mum 10 per twat of
the tomes rent, but in many parte of this seams that rent
was now bolsi geld out of capital. He 'aborted the land-
lords to give their serious consideration to these emotions,
sad not to inks from their tenantry Du same emeant of rent
now, with wheat et 374 au as whoa it weskit:Wag 665. a
qr. • with stock telling et which formerty Nailed 171.;
ad fat cows at 40. instead of Bd. per lb. (Hear, bear.)
These who enacted the same rent from their tenantry as
they did In 1846, were, in his (+pintos, guilty of monstrous
opprralion—(cheers)—which honesty and humanity forbid ;
and which we forbidden likewise by the laws of (led, which
commanded as " to do unto others as we would they should
do unto us." (Prolonged cheering.)
No wonder the chairman tried to stop the utterance
of such sentiments. If they are often uttered, they
will come at last to be heeded; and when they
are heeded, where will the incumbered estates of
England soon be ?
Throughout nearly the whole of the meetinge
during the present month a strong feeling has bon
manifested to ingot upon the tithes ban mmielekeer
their proportionate share of the semeng minden.
Mr. JOLIFFR'B observations at the Blackwell and
Clieveden Society's dinner, may serve se a specimen of
many :

Tas special meeting of the South Wasters Railway
Company, held on Friday last, and reported in Mar-
day'. Express, is suggestive of a consideration or
two, very important to railway proprietors and their
Pi
Ttrotrioint of depression in the Yakutat that
has, apparently, been reached and is now p;
thing the late favourable autumnal season traffic has'
=B4lincreased; the rate of interest payable es
Mianietriontly fallen : and the vain of sten
and times has cuss. Prices generally ern =l,
mashistairos ere in demand
of Um count ; labour is well I
eel the prospects ry for the eosin perm
Wrthis meld Art months age have bees reign-
tioipated ;mare sepsoially whoa the high pain
ft the raw material begun pnnsipal fabrics is sew
dime& The title hes te Sow ; it will probably
slee OS
is 114 penile:ly and especially the time
nisi le railways fair play; to test tbair powers
et denispetent ; to see what they cue do for the um-
enmity ; and to aseartain what they will de for their
prophet : for a railway that does not remunerate
is et hula real service to the country.
Railroads, like geld, may be bought too dearly.
We have IPM• the divides& of the laming lien
reduced from 10 is it pet eget 1 end soliseeis blew
weft the tent plis es& NSW %he
sees *ldol the sense of esuallist NI ele
thesesisholeseei Me • some et eel et
min* Weans whitened the dimwits., ef am
wit gin** phloem .1 prosperity est the molt
WIN wasters palsisd I and, in a mess el maar .
ve bleed with pill and edmirstios sei espetsst
aiWitits &those arpsediag on works width ims mem
s mosteleset of English folly, and the arid sa 1
who fined their lessees snob =deems. We en ha.
uing with the dab 1 bat they who emelled vs te 1
de se are tesekhor stew on tie ream +q Isle 1
dont supsessil4 • 1
Awl to visit sessibe this deagaissatibilleik
II this esmisseism et selitesd happiest' Ye , lidil I
=el sin had hoes, bees lo
f The gessrally depressed if bide,
Om esayalsions el isty on the the pa-
wn?, of the agrisalet:ista, and the lam Inisni,
hive not, of one" bass slight proventives of this
dime et mania hefttes. Bet eves by Min/a%
8811 I.llllseenh ad neyrients, lobes" isterated is
explaining away thste Dim share re the revolution et
railroad property, these cause have not been most et

He had no wish to &credit theelotb. He &add like to
too the clergy standing out format in the energise of their
giving support to the poor, and doh% what they
Gould lot the sick and needy ;he should like us, too, to
show their eynspathy with the agriculturist& Why did they
sot elm to meat the brain ? They were afraid attest the
tithe., he supposed. (Laughter and "bar.") It wee a
rum Oleg, that tithe. (Renewed laughter.) Lord Jolla
bad taken the tithe at 7e. a Mahal, saw the Earwig got Daly
be. a bushel, and would say ono tell Ida law they win to

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVEKIN9, OCTOBER 30, 1850.

flagrant agues

,
11 111 i*RANCE
i. ice 1 • . ~- '
644.4.4... ZAILIS, TVISOLT ZUNI'S.
=regard to Gen. Nenmayer,
vas 'Mai y by a majority of the
,A inisistsni, was reconsidered in another
reancil had this morning, between 11 and
12, end revoked. It wee definitively settled
. Neumayer should preserve his post
e replacement of Gee, Niemeyer had been re-
Aved of a week like* the
.resignatioa of Gen.
d'Hentmul, and Oen. Changarmer, it seems, Was not
-nomad of this resolution ;led the change of mr ienpiy
' 3 himMaagine that the intention had Men drop .
Upon learning that this was not the ease, be d
yesterday morning to the Minister of War, and
demanded that Gee. Neumayer should be retained in
his place as commander of the first military division.
Gee. Changarnier then went to the Blythe, and bad
an interview with the President, who told him that
the measure having been decided in the council of
ministers, it could only be cancelled by a fresh decision
of the same council. Changarnier then returned to
I the minister of war, and they proceeded together to
the council of ministers held at the Elyse', which de-
filed in favour of the displacement of Gen. Nemmayer.
Ia the course of the day the minister of war visited
the worth at the Tuilmi .W • sod a fresh interview
rare at half-past foe; at the ministry of war.
meeting took place at M. de Parkin'', with
wheel all the ministers dined.
lam informed from a good source that it was
skald by the minister of war, in answer to Geo.
Obsegareier's easpastulaticms, that the determination
la &Mies Gen. Neumayer bad been taken irrevo-
mbiy, bat that any recommendations of Gen. Changer-
nisi on the appointment of his successor, would receive
des attention ; in other words, Gen.Changarnier might
note his successor. It is now become perfectly clear
Merry one that it is the settled and deliberate aim I
d Louis Napoleon to proceed methodically is the
ailempt to break up that vast military power which
le mmeentmted in the hands of the oommandeain-
elder at the army of Paris. To understand the pre-
sMit meta, it is necessary to observe the distinction
te beehraire between a territorial military command
sad a essusand of troop!. General Nenmayer's post
le the
is
K ilest kind. lie is commander of the first
division, not of this or that brigade, but
of di troop; and
that happen for the time befog to hal
geodereted in his division. General Changarnieee
emelt& extends beyond the first military division,
thd, embraces the eleven following departments :
Seine-et-Oise, Oise, Loiret, Loire-et-Cher,
Loire, Seine-et-Marne, Seine Inferieure, Ears,
Tense, and Aube. You are aware that when the
military jurisdiction was recast by the ordi-
woe of the 12th of February, and centred
to tour great commands under Gaudier, &stolen,
demean, and Changarnier, the latter received the
Egroup of departments for his military domain.
it is remembered that more than 100,000
are garrisoned within this circle, and that the
esmasander-m-chiet has the right of mobilising those
troops during 24 hours without consulting the Mi-
Mater of War, some notion may be formed of the
sod power delegated to General Changarnier. So
' essential to the safety of the state did it seem when
this great exceptional position was created, to pre-
serve it from being shackled in its sweep of action
and impaired in tie vigour, that not only were the
attributions of the Minister of War curtailed in order
to strengthen and free the hands of the head rem-
-1 sander, bat a minister was carefully sought
out who would be content to use his abridged
pawns in continued concert with that pow-
erful chief. Thus, while General Rulhieree re-
mained at the head of the War-office, the
government and General Changarnier pulled together
in tolerable harmony. Of the series of conflicts which
hew between the same powers with the installation
egteeaecal d'ilnotpoal as Minister of War, none was
IMO important than the divisions which prevailed
at the sad of May, when the electoral law was passed,
land an mule was apprehended. The necessity at
such a moment of an undivided control over the
troops inclined the public opinion to the side of Chan-
gender, who carried his contempt of the War-office to
such a pitch that he pat under arrest M. Anthouard,
ithenel of the 33rd regiment, for obeying direct in-
stitutions from the Minister of War. The activity
with which the scheme of dismembering the command
of Changarnier was pushed during the last days of
Generald'ilampouPs ministry isnow a secret to noose.
Cl..e Carrelet was sent for in all haste from Marseilles
to Paris, and ordered to repair immediately upon
his arrival to the cabinet of the Minister of War.
Similar orders were sent to Generale Guesviller and
I "tendon. The latter has remained here at a distance
t from the seat of his command, to figure as an import-
I ant agent in the machinations of the Elyste. The
i replacement of General d'Hautpoul, rendered in-
levitable by his compromised position on the day of
ISatory, which stamped hire visibly as the agent of
lan imperialist prommesamento, and by the discovery,
'premature and accidental as it would seem, of the
1 coup de Jaen& aimed in the dark at Changarnier, woe
hailed br the superficial eau overture of peace. But
Gen. Sc.hremm's order of the day clearly retested the
intention of restoring to the mutilated ministry of
war all its pristine authority, and of putting an end tol
the exceptional uncontrolled powers of General
Changarnher. The reason, which the government
might assign for such a course are plausible
enough. Nobody at this moment dreads a
rising of the socialists, such as the extraordinary
powers conferred on this military chief were intended
to keep down. That is true; bat the parliament
would answer that the sword destined to awe so-
cialism is equally useful in suppressing conspiracies
of all sorts, imperialist and other. Now the power of
General Changarnier manifestly consists in the adhe-
sion and devotion of the officers under hie command,
whether commanders of the troops or of the territorial
division*. General Neumayer may be considered as
his military right arm. It was he who succeeded, on
the day destined fur an imperialist demonstration, in
reducing to silence the regiments of infantry. If the
government could establish such an important pre-
cedent as hie removal, the keystone of CUngernier's
power would be withdrawn. One by one, all those
generals highest in his confidence would be with-
drawn from his side, till the axe could be laid
to his own root without encountering resistance.
I may her observe that the generals of the
briga of the army of Paris are picked officers of
great distinction and tried metal. It was pout of
d'Hantpoure plan to get rid of them all, and one of
the first to be sacrificed was that Gen. Forst who
refused to comply with Armand Marrast's famous
order to place the troops at the Invalides at the dis-
posal of the President of the Amembly without ea
entherieatioe from Gen. Chaeseraier. Nor are Gene.
Canrobert, Jullien, and Reibell less devoted to their
chief ; and no doubt an attempt to displace any on,*
of these tone commanders of brgedes, however strictly
within the competence of the Minister of War, would
meet with obstacles very difficult to surmount. It
seems that the iatention of the government to displace
OM ifeemayer, as a rep d'sssai for the recovery et
he► eriberity to the executive, first got wind on
flemig, although it had been already resolved on,
belleselhe 611 d d'ilutporiL Immediately expresses
'Wthe mut le ell the absent members of the Committee
'drumlins, to repair to Paris; but no meeting
ibis es yet tam place, nor will there probably until
Atioday, the ordinary day of the committee's sit-
liege, in order to avoid as much as possible spreading
I I have observed that the posts of
weds Tuileries
I have been changed during these last f ys, and
ere no longer othimithed to national guards, bat to
' troops of the line.
I An article in the Pays, en ultra-lionactist paper.
I has drawn much attention to-day from excessive
I violence with whisk it serails General Cbsegarnier.
It dome with do following eiguificant sentence r—
el/till. ;without the services of Gen. Chan-
re.- no man who is indispensable to
A
A considerable rise took plate to-dey in the funds.
The Fives closed at 92.60, with a rise of 60 centimes
uponsjaantaldsy. Thus the lee-way occasioned by the
yer affair yesterday has been made up. Ra-
moors pre ailed that it was in a fair way of being
thrminsted satisfactorily, but nothing certain was
known. It appears, Myriad ,dubt, from the best
samosa. t Gheoganner is Inman or has won the
day. Gthaen. Meunier" Is sot dismissed. It is said
'that (cep. Bohm= omits" his hoods ord decree el
diedeeeL which is the week et Ow fl'Haatpottl. sod
wee 'as to Neeneyeele reeesiebi is. Oes.
as thot he should esorider the
4 Qom Mumps. as equivalent to his ems.
rilrr assails a passage with frames to the
return of lii. & Pitlidsys which has beet much coat-

..adenoino.
which has been disaster
and desteoction to any.
By such means we have the North Western in-
volved in engagements and alliances with lines in the
north of Scotland, and in hostility and at war with
the Great Western on the marches of Wales. The
South Western, in its route to the coasts of Dorset-
shire and flaniofire, engaged is a deadly feed
with the Routh Eastern, on its way to Dover and
Ramsgate. AM the Eastern Counties occupied in a des-
perate struggle with the Great Northern for the traffic
ice Yoork of all places out of its way. So, ton, there is
mares a company in exiatence, tlsea 'hal el ithhh is
not divided and subdivided, arranged avid mtNisOrd
into old shares and new sham. thirds, fourths. fitMck
Ztue
erence stack, and guaranteed shares, until it heir
a study and a bailees@ to know what is whatt
and a source of endless litigation to ascertain white(
the favoured centime has a legal priority over
the ethers. TM' up a railway -Pmtnal ant
here you find doubts suggested as to the le-
pity of this issue of snares : there conflicting
counsels opinion as to the power of the direo.
tors to create that stock; until no wonder
even prefereace or guaranteed stocks partook of the
general discredit, and the public took to invest almost
entirely in railway beads and mortgages, use
though those of some lines are unsaleable. The very
acts of parliament of the operate companies occupy
names ; and their rights and privileges, their obli-
Ohms and liabilities under their statutes require the
study of a lawyer to master and comprehend.
All this, it has become the general opinion wee
mused by branches, extensions, leases, and comp:deg
her They, it was held by common consent,
Led done the mischief : they were the evils henceforth
to be avoided. Let as, it was said, in the wont days
of depression, stick to what we must, get rid of all
the leases and engagements we can, and develop
what we can't get rid of. At the meetings of some
companies the very mention of certain branches agi-
tated the assemblies to howling ; and reference to par-
ticular leases brought on a general burst of insanity.
In short, everywhere it seemed certain that the fingers
which had been once burnt would not again return to
the fire.
Now, the question we desire to press and impress
en shareholders is—bas all this mad experience to be
thrown away P Are they, on the eny first brush, not
of prosperity (for that is far off yet), but of improve-
asset, to be deluded, seduced, or, to we the mildest
,be induced into other renches, new lessee,
I=l7:eking contracts, or, what is just as bad, the
IMmplion of old schemes P If they are, they will
be The old projects are not defunct, they
dauber only. Give them the least encourage-
meat, the smallest hope, and they will again
be lively, with brilliant expectations, sure of
proving remunerative feeders. Look at what occurred
en Friday at the South Western meeting. This com-
pany had seven branches and schemes slumbering
lin its engineer's portfolio. It has abandoned four,
resolved to go on and finish two, and to keep another
afloat. Now it may be wise and politic, and we hope
it will also be profitable, to complete the Farnbsm
land Alton branch, and to furnish iron rails for the
Taw Vale line. On that point we offer no opinion
(bemuse, being ignorant of the merits of the branch
and the line, we have none). But what alarms us is
the facility, the matter of course way in which the
South Western proprietary, with all their know-
ledge of extensions, sanctioned and approved of
the propositions of their directors. Such facility
is very infections. There is not a company in the
kingdom but has some branch that would be
quite as useful to it, if finished, as the Farnham and
Alton to the South Western, some dependent inoor-
ponation quite as bandy to it, if helped oat of the
ours u the Taw Vale; and should all these companies
I follow the example thus set by the South Western,
we will have in 18.51 a little railway mania jest as
we had a great mania in 1847. For,_ th .ngh in
October 18.50 the directors of the South Wasters only
ask their constituents for money to do a little work,
they have great works behind to begin. "They con-
sider the time will yet arrive when the execution of
sew part at least of these lines will be favourably
entertained :" "these lines" being nothing short of a
sew line from Basingstoke, if not actually to Exeter
end go on to Cornwall, at all events en route thither,
and with the object of ultimately getting. that length.
And so it will be with other companies if share-
holders are not on their guard. Little by little, piece
by piece, bit after bit, will all the old branches and
extensions be reproduced; new capital will be re-
quired, new preference shares be issued, and new
calls be made ; until we are again in full swing to
another crisis, on the high road to another panto.
Railway shareholder, and they only, can prevent
this tendency. Let them resist all entreaties to renew
works which had substantially been abandoned. Let
them have no faith in their profit, direct or indirect. I
Let them rather lose every penny already laid out on
them than ran the risk of rowingth away good money
after bad. Let them refuse to listen to the suggestion
that this branch is so short or that that Women° will
require so little money. Let them, in short, be per-
suaded that their directors have quits enough to man-
age without bringing more on their shoulders. Ex-
tension will lead to entension, branch to branch, and
every new work to rivalry and competition. Mr.
Menu himself admits that if he bad to oseamence
de ciao be would never think of a branch between
Farnham and Alton. Why, then, does he now pro-
pose its completion ? Because the South Eastern
Laving leased the Reading and Reigate have invaded
hie territory, and as their lease is likely to be a lose
to them, they are (amiable people) going "to
make themselves u troublesome and obnoxious
neighbours as possible." So because the South
Eastern mut throw money away in tke Reading
end Iteigate, the South Western have resolved to be
squally extravagant between Farnham and Alton.
This we en the folly and rashness of railway
directors have not ceased. Neither will they cease,
matil newsy shareholders maks up their minds that
they ANIL The proper answer to all such propositions
he mew brushes or extensions is— Close your capital
secants, attend to those you already have, pay us a
deeest dividend, and then—not before—we will talk
to yen. This the South-Western shareholden did
not my. Will other proprietaries, on similar occa-
sions, be wiser ?

BOMBE BISHOPS IN ENOLAN

The following salmi Idn. M Penesenel in a tow
days ham the ishabitases el at. emerge, Hanover-
steam to the Lord Ming
. To the Right Rammed ream
al fa ed. Casein fume,
Led Slam Leedom
We, the mdsosigad, lay mambas of the am* of Beg-
hid sad dims, paridirmen el it. Norge, Ifemeopopare,
b lams to approach year lordship with the expemdea of
ear most simsm rapes to pow pampa, and memo to
peer tested raw We are stored to address year teriship
be es meal shish ills es with deep Gaddy for the Mare
dmr shank wad 'marry. Ti. shank of Bone
tales' altitare:im lopririlamedealitr= Ntretsamtoticorty
egidilas et bar tom aslherity a ass sedsaisstied divides
eflisrarsid sail Weiss Isle Rossi& OM% opc shims op Imo
media talus has wand of the priaelpil ems births.
Wints.rir es me discipadshed sadism esdnisoW
es Ireoliiiineeet. fl
W,
sal dosilmed);
Ihs royal My el Watninnee, is which we Um, Ida
lediteetea oe the we of ea mobbishop and atetroipoltied
dr whole kingdom • iiimatted Mouthy is thus sid
MOAN, the met of the win Irby*. *
sem* bi bp elbowed hp Win of thi ndemilmiusil=
Isiddr we ham go lose jltlaWare tfte sheer
elf bliss& We tars psrlsoide
sa Wigan= al don 1211:41IX updates's
is knows . that the this ie se-
ldom la nests Me panties
;d7ilisidt dragonessdry de ors tithe reensin'
lam Ws led Idele es smart at
with the ecesthafissel rights sal eimideare lie
of wil' Mid to be endelli IT en Wei
or sun sins sad *very mead. trader mom eiremsbnere
we herwilnught Ji doe te Mho pat
with thasometsar biddable eldsemsabte
issirdensal 111, sad et ear sealimer le midis
mbar War Mistily sal dadifeWe war be dose elewlbelibee
said the sessalis if iheiMersfe4 sal lbsetby.lessee
he emostres sad est Oakes sine is the igeskaiis
lerip el et* WI nifigisselkety.

mentisd upon, se revealing a disposition strongly hos-
tile t• Prussia oa the part of the government. The
is SI f 0110,111: Let the despatch of M. de
=its be simply a warlike demonstration
against the court of Copenhagen, made with the sole
object of intimidating Austria, and preventing her
from executing the 11th article of the federal consti-
' tation of 1816; or let It constitute a real menace all
reedy to assume the shape of cannon shots, it is time
for them manoeuvres to end, and for the cabinet of
Paris to deliberate upon the means of saving Den-
mark, the honour of France, and of the civilised
world." On the other hand, M. de Percigny'a return
is attributed to the expiration, on the 6th of Novem-
ber, of the six months which the mission of a repre-
sentative cannot exceed without a renewal of powers.
General Neumayer, commanding the first military
division, proceeded yesterday morning, attended by
two officers of his staff, to the Hotel of the Courta-
Martial, Rue du Chetah. Midi, and made a minute
inspection of the books and offices, with all which he
expressed his satisfaction. He afterwards visited the
maw military prison opposite. This prison, which is
soft completed, is constructed on the cellular eye-
, tem, and is destined to replace the Abbaye, which is
to be pulled down, to make way far a new street.
I The International of Bayonne gives the following
mecount of a conflict between the custom-house of-
lficers and some smugglers on the Bide's*:
On the 23rd, a boat laden with some bales left the bridge
of Bentobia, and proceeded up the river. Oa arriving near a
small island belonging to the commune of Birraton, the boat,
in order to avoid beteg seen by the Spanish officers, fades-
Toured to pus between the island which belongs to France
and the right bank. It had scarcely advansed a few yards
when the men in the boat found themselves aide by side of
some Spanish officers, who were lying in wait in
a boat in the channel. The Spaniards presented
their muskets, and threatened the smugglers with
instant death if they did not retire. One of the
smugglers laid hold of the barrel of one of the muskets, and
turned it aside, intimating that that they were on French
territory, and would not turn back. At this moment the
musket was fired, and the ball passing through the bottom
of the boat, It began to fill with water. The smugglers then
pushed off their boat, and, when at a short distance from
the Spaniards, the latter again fired, by which four of the
man were wounded, two dangerously. The smugglers were
then compelled to retreat, and return with their cargo to
Bebobia. A eomplaint has been lodged by the Chamber of
Commerce at Behobis against tbe Spanish oaken, for he
violation of the French territory, accompanied with
bloodshed.
The naval division, consisting of the ships-of-the-
line Friedland, Valmy, Hercules, Jemmappea, Henri
IV., Jena, Inflexible, Jupiter, and two steam oorvettes,
quitted Cherbourg, on the morning of the 28th, for
Brest. In oonsequence of the strength of the wind,
at night-fall a part of the fleet was only about a mile
from the breakwater. The Inflexible is condemned
as not seaworthy. On her arrival at Brest her crew
will be transferred to the Bayard, a new ship of the
line, launched at L'Orient.
The nephew of M. Rsdowits, the Prussian Prime
Minister, has arrived in
130 ParALis.
011

PAILS aT• 19. i For
Money.

11'
:11 37 ..
23 I 92
•
I "
I I+

far Ascouni.

darrbellesirst.l Lowest-1 oceans

15 1 57 30 57 10 57 30
92 70 92 10 92 70
If It I.

Ipat amts. ....... 57 80
5 par Cents.. 92 80
5 do. Now Loan
44 pit Cants....
4 par Omits I, ~ ~
Erobange on Lotrion : at. 78 174; On days, 25 5
Daglan, 8, 1840 — Yaw. I Nance /Water —Money
Do. 8, 1842 ...... ~ Roman I.oan —1849 78 ~
Do. 44
Do. 24 lB5O „ Treasury Bondi 5
*-"ont 11 '..- 84 0 Bonk fikaroo 1175

Piedmont 6 per Comm
Bougsn.—Paris and Orleans, 780; Paris and Rouen, 610
Rouen and Havre, 245 ; Marseilles and Avignon, 170
Strasbourg and Bale, 118 75; Orleans and Berson, 352 50
Boulogne and Amiens, 202 60; Orleans and Bordeaux,
336 26 ; North, 461 25 ; Pun and Strasbourg, 340;
Tours and Nantes, 24250

et It beak ease ? No doebt the Bedford fealty, held- principally wawa en„ The elm Ipsnt ona.
Isls dill dliv Sks tarot PrePera I. tatbseo $B7 have on those oisoselems been admitted to be the ben- ,
la the Magic's, Nettled n very s to that P.M le nr,,, .AO, -.1.L. db.
OM ; bat of wee to WPM of the fanner ? "Sgileid •seram7 arw'ail•C_A IthWth= r:l4
ter the lite ef hiat see hew they said certy if selri 7e. a The do&
bead, slue they ealy get 61. -...,)l , ... eglinPllits. branches; 411 job vii
, ,
Do the beneficed clergt Wile alb r• Sam when leida, iroca. traitor I es, and canna 4f
they can afford to have sae to ad Ilona Sang tame se lines oaly Ameaseuted but . '
cabinet lOC
their order! Barely they ought to le limiest amass namegpsyea. Timm irtedbdes-mibitence al beif_pag i.
foremost to out their censors into the farnsos lest art,• mimes' Wkd Railway Polio) b shelt..,,,A comi.
that Gen. I
the sin of otrtehmeimo be imputed to them in the face PM bell to have its=BPl"), its kirk% its Terri- The .1
of the congregation. toy ; then ecumessed s petite ofibtliwareipio. *geed 7,
• -.2 ..1•11• r.... wviennaler-
------------- ruilt:Mains,ebildirot :lamed wilibir-tesekiiall hastfaitidi themilien:modf diglinomilltPst :
whieh has been disaster and nitelartnne to all, ruin mede bier,