The Express.
London, England, 1859-10-24 00:00:00

TILE PAPAL STATES.

Crawl ova sriciAL comairomPirr.)

BOLOGNA, Orr. 17.
flamers. a time in the American revolution when
the intrepidity of two or three men turned the for-
ty* of the day. The lame may occur at present in
this squatty. The absence of a single man from
his pest. er • single mistake, may hazard the future
freedom of Italy. Guibaldi and Paoli have both
perceived the danger of the situation, and at the
trst tidings that the troops who are now guarding
bent Arcangelo, Rimini, and La Cattolica, were on
the eve of crossing the frontier with the intention of
attacking the reduced Swim mercenaries, they har-
ried to Rimini, hoping to check the military ardour
of their soldiers. From what I heard in well-in-
formed .iiiarters, the two generals have so far
out-Deeded to their exertions that the des-
patches received by this government during the
night are of the most tracquillising charac-
ter. Ibis danger haring been successfully
removed. I hoar there is uow • probability that an
attack may be made before long by the diminutive
army of his Holiness. Although people here infer
from the reply of Lewis Napoleon to the Arch-
bishop of Bordeaux that the Emperor will not
allow the rope to fight against the Romagna in
order to regsm it, I should not he surprised if each a
move should be made even against the Imperial
wishes. I ordinal Aetonelli is an obstinate and bold
man. and the despatches he receives from Violins are
not such se to cool his Eminence's martial ardour. If
we may believe well-informed persons who mete
from Rose, Austrian diplomatists are pressing the
Papa. ernment for action, for they have hopes of
the ou.:Lirse of General Kalbermatten's army. If such
mad ade,re were followed by the Pope, Fanti and
Garibaldi have only to march amass the country and
hive his Hound,' within the walla of Rome protected
alma by French soldiers. Indeed, for the good of
the Italian CAVA*, I wish the Pope would take sub
an initiative, for Garibaldi would be under the walls
of Rome before Spanish or ether foreign troops
could arrive there. It would be indeed • most for-
tunate thing if Pies IX. would get frightened a
little more, and bolt as he did in 1848. If the King
of Naples comes too hr mirth, as everybody hem
hopes he will, he must astiosbtottly go the way of
the Oaks& and • little judicious management in the
eolith of Italy would Whiten the crisis. The Swiss
soldiers are no loam to be depended on, and there
is reason to believe that the native troop, would
readily change leaders. This is now, in my opinion,
the state of political affairs in Central and Southern
Italy. The Italians will soon have the golden oppor_
tani!y, which occurs but once, of extending coned_
tutional government to the whole Peninsula except
Venice. Austria has withdrawn to a corner of
the fair country, and, by good management
may be driven entirely out within five years. This
happy future may, however, be destroyed on the one
hand by the Italians hastening the crisis by some
imprudence, or on the other by diplomacy failing to
bring the question to a speedy solution. The present
state of things cannot last long. The chief element
of the army of Central Italy is the volunteer element.
No doul•-. tiaribaldi exercises great influence over his
army, but volunteers cannot be condemned to the
monotonous and patient life of professional soldiers,
The.r reeless aspirations for liberty, and their desire
to meet dangers, are not to be lightly disregarded.
The muses which have determined the hurried de-
part9lr of G aridaldi and Fend for the Rom sgn a clearly
show the danger of the situation. Last week such
alarming symptoms of discontent had already shown
themselves amongst the soldiers of Mi/zacapo and
Loselli, that Signor Maier, the Intendente of Forli,
thought proper to telegraph far Garibaldi's immediate
presence. When the gallant general arrived at Cat-
tolica he found the troops •Imost in a state of mutiny.
They a noted to attack the Swiss, whose outposts
are only separated from the national army by the
dry bed of a narrow torrent. Garibaldi'e presence
soon dissipated all fears, but it was not without chtli-
c4;:y that he succeeded in restoring order again, and
the sigh' before last General Fanti was suddenly
eked to join Garibaldi, and he went off early yester-
day morning. The hurried departure of the
Commander-in-Chief gave rise to all sorts of
rumours, the most preeslent of which is the one I
mentioned at the beginning of my letter. The pra-
t ability of an attack on the part of the Swiss has,
tuerefore, induced me to alter the arrangements I
had already made tar my journey to Florence. By
this eight's mail I shall start for Rimini, because it
Ls there that, in my opinion, lies at present the most
interes.ing part of the C,ntral Italian question.