The Express.
London, England, 1850-11-14 00:00:00

THE EX#RESiII, THIMEIDAY EVENING, 'NOVEMBER 14, 1850,

.
launt you Gelds AIM Miser, by ' a. Rai:sates at
gam will mortar an you morass Mama
lout is kik. Pifthight of Oman. if they arise, to the
wititadn. Sli • aearrSi Clew Too be prepared
whet orttr thew of If different ti
* • waft to war ? red =wog Ss will thanma
weabil not bo any ditheshiretiosseotaies is .k ramesset
brew distraint to pens sad rem&
In than pew they sew to • risolutlon
to Wiesuatad •Stool to ester upon a system .f
neat, as he hint. bed over tad over
..Ledrd whites be nit in* te most .pia Warn
be go • n'M t
ar mule trans se the feisty Wow
the aid slliiiiirita. nth rapt tit to the istinsike
at Owls, awry, thal spat atipM4 bo only one Alp bo.
M ngos ia mithssastrs es thane* a* the same time pith a
metal& ihrifac re %sit vIM had as far had the
anthigaithrt . Ik. inners vibe* Wu-
VtilldiAlle wiliest, be ralitiesTidthat the /L:sldm!
dieftv
rims had an lisearilha ship sr et Si I sad why add
nap eats* ime the amino Waermwst with drewis the
sawset sphit,sied bin te sash we m Sir F.
1100110 their Milthilil Maw Es would ark.
were Wet aot sh Mlle wrier thsetrise ?
(Chew. Lit tram banns illsrgan rid -bend
protean, but let 'Muni she ti ON 'KO the •It•
"shish was asp if shaft sui stain-bate.
(Moms.) Lot neva Mow to itestga mthints that they
reel the finetWri of this sublime, sill hit the maple of
Ensign sad Waite well undenthad the seed Maar 1111.110
they kW terra la had. If thourvins *en =
Wrenn im Wry mind, it would nee hi bas
Garin eir anal Peel would eis• up to owl Pm out,
sposkies of wheat, it right not he geasy Mew
that lit' 1841 lat was the very int to iscommsed
that shades is whisk the plus party end himself
were engaged. Ho spoke of the earning swabs
armentena, tad ref the auger of tho gownmsats
of Earns; sad ha mid that the Zuglhh sersrament
ought to tadonear to some to two law by Nish they
might Walt il ntanalroshistraid oralmists. They mar,
therefor, shim tar tine tairrisat tits amain sad sp-
probatici of the most peastind staltemna that has lived fa
our tiro. Alter r•fsmias to a bin spar of Sir R. Pool's
la Marsh of Or pausal year, an tra seagratalatiess tibial;
he (Mr. MMemitistivall at dro time frau those who
MMt not OW eillthwa tsars/ray to the •011000010 01
the orbelgisi II Wields of pine,
_he said he would now l
briefly Marti lathe pras=o denim ; and his wild 1
kw say thattionsfelff possible Mother dm parr I
from lending din mew to beakrapt goveramests, ash
those goverawents harpies up great =Mary establisheresta,
aad depreciated the Wily et those who. is order to make an
Ward of fear per omit , would risk their money with such
wienssaits. The facility afforded by the remit system
wee so great, sad rally so tusk, that not only ar
Weep* but en sound !Willy, they ought to hold
beet, and not wourage tin lightin prommitios of their
continental neighbours. With reference to the scam cast
apes then that they were Intinwiaets or Utopians, Ist, Ma
soy that ho had so belief that the milleaniau wee at huh.
Mr. Cobden concluded by as ncelleat perontica to the
Wine of shard sod religiose liberty, and ea reesialag his
seat was very loudly charred. The hon. gentleman spoke
upwards of an hoar.

Kr. WILLIAMS, M.P. fcr Meeelesdeld, in a
hrief ad- I
dime, mimed • monition to the offset, " That this cicadas
havhsi heard tha eloquent explanation of the objects of the
Coarrees, was of opinion that every effort Amid be
mad* to kidaos the government to setetitate mum tor
rysigel force in deciding international disputes, and that it
its interest, coins thee the duty of Great Britain, to set
an example to the civilised world by greatly redwing its
present flimsies armassents."
Mr. T. BDGWOBTH seconded the resolution, which wu
put to the meeting and carried.
A vote of thanks was then passed to the deputation and
the chairman, and the proceedings terminated about ten
o'clock.

for SUN Minthallettedailly subsided, and the am of wood
seat bees* mimed to ,by most persons, as the beet mate-
rial for boadmilimi getmeees. In the 'assumption of slam
house reembikltip Wit there always appeared to me
' ens inspertsal whit* no poison pureed to have
takes up, or °MINIM; it was this:—l• plain lesa-to, or
abed moth the osestag sad amain sae, which Is on =amyl
amousts, ebbe rearms ispeuanoe es fersiag fruits, oni-
seated itt direst rays at r tow eagle, sad consequently very
obliquely bo the glom : at those periods, most Of the rate of
' light sad beat were abstracted by the position of the glass
end heavy saftere, so that a considerable portion of time was
lest beak Merida, sad .wain(; it emtetqamtly became
evident theta system by which the glum would be mere at
right angles to the morning and seeming rays ef the ma
would obviate Ma thdlissity and remove the obeli** Is
rays of light estmkg the bones at an early and late beer of
the day.. Tub bid me to the adoption of the ridge sod
(snow Mind* * glass room, which plead the ghee is
math a maiden bet the rays of light in the morale.
and make matte the home without ehmelles
ssapeeellitheamehree moue perpendicularly to the shah*
Ibufeibibllhea they aft the least powerful ; whining;
ultily, whet they are met powerful, they prink them-
in! more obliquly Ma the glees. Huai had this
ebb folly ARM Lay Wad, and Inks easvineed of lie Ott
gmrtsme, I elsoteseted a pia.-boom is WU so am egad.
mkt, which still Mks unimpaired, and has been tamed key
11) asewor the wpm.. In 1834 I resolved to ley a thither
tagierlement ea • Wye male, on the ridge and farrow gib
*is, la the aseakumion • grreshmse smwibnsbb
disisssieae, whim she remains and as** sambehly. Por
ebN banding I scads a still lighter sash-bar than say I had
previously amd ; es which mum the home, when com-
pleted (althwagit possessing all the advantages of wood),
wee as light as if somstmoted of metal. The whole 'moth et
arsetam is 97i Get, end Ito breadth 26 feet; the height'
M *bask it 16 feet 9 *has, sad is the front 12 het
bake. A gut so large as 26 feet *odd not be safety
'OllllOl with a reef emetrested is the ordinary way, Wesel
leek-bars were omenger, end the moistasee el heavy
alters and MUMMY supports were afforded. The home pro-
aaatsa wee end light appearance, and consists of 16 bays, and
leadinests in best, supported by 16 slender needed east iron
'seines. Whllet it mules as adiairable greenhouse, it le
she ea esesemdisl handier, for at the period of its coastrue-
doe, setwitbstesdiag t/s• heavy tax on glass (slam removed),
mly eat at the eats of 2d. and a traction per tibia bid.
At the present tiam, emeidezing the change in the peke el
material sad the removal of the glen tax, it could be ms•
stmeted at • ommiderably entailer amount. Having Is
contemplation the ersellon of the great consemetery is its
present form, It was determined in 1E36 to erect a sew
curvilinear hothouse, 60 feet in length and 26 feet in width,
with the elliptical roof on the ridge and farrow principle, to
be soastrueted manly of wood, for the purpose of exhibit-
lag how roofs of this kind could be supported. The plan
talopted was this: the curved ratters were seamened ef
several beards wreareb nailed together on 18111.111 P! it void
sot to the enact mine ; by this mean • Mans& and the.
sees was obtained inficieht to support as ail** weight.
This beam was subsequently fitted up for tha Victoria
mad it was here I invented a water wheal to give
to the water in whisk the plant grew ; and be this
oberaler, beatnik' aquatic flowered for the first time in this
wintry on the Bth Yoe., 1849." (Cheers.)
[Mr. Pastes here exhibited one of the large usalrelle-
thaped leaves of the Victoria Bogie lily, which excited mach
tater*, and unnamed: —3
" You will obeerve that nature was the engineer in this
are. If you examine this, and compere it with the drawings
gimodels, you will perceive that suture has provided it
longitudinal and traasveree girders and supports, ea
.mme principle that I. borrowing from It, have adopted
to this building. In 1837 tee foundations of the greet saw
sematery were communed, and in constructing me vest, •
binding, it was found desirable to contrive some MAW thr
abridging the great amount of manual labour that would be
ettgaired in asking the Immense number of sub- ban re-
quoit* for the purpose. Accordingly I surd all the greet
workshop. In Loodoe. Manchester, and Birmiaaham, to see
anything had been invented that would afford the &dil-
-1 required. The only apparatus met with was •
gcleming machine, whielt I had at once connected with a
steeeweagine at Chataworth, and which was subsequently se
improved as to make the sash-bar complete. For this
',wants the Society of Arts, in April, 1841, evaded
ass • motel, and this machine is the type from which
we the sash-bar machines, found in me throne's-
oat the ooantry at the present time, are taken.
As the conservatory wee erected under my own tato*.
dime superintends's*, I am able to speak accurately as to

edwitagn of the. Suishise Lit had, in nand to that
bandits Wove, saved in exposer 1,4001. The length of each
of the bars of the tionservatory is 48 inches, only one inch
sbectse than Wee of the Exhilntion betiding. The meeting
wee Ins used in its present form in August, 1688 ; and its
original net, inducing table, wheels, end everything com-
plete. was twenty pounds. The stain power la from a steam
engine employed on the premises for other purposes, and any
well seumed dabs,may be used. The attendants required
are only • man and • boy, and the expense of the power ve
spired for it what in use is oomparatively trifiag. Th e
sash-ban may be made Many form by 'hinging the charac-
ter of the sawn. There is one particular femurs is working
the machine—namely, the bet is presented to the saws below
the centre of motion, instead of above it (es is usual), and to
the sides of the saw which an amending from the table, in-
stead of then Mace are dasosellag. These arrangemats
were neeneny to }alt the direction nth* teeth to the grate
of the wood, for wino the ban wen prmanad to the
saws in the usual way the wood was crushed. is
stead of being sit sad slimed. It I. essential that the
tees noolve 1,200 times In • minute,
e i&h its week in a proper manner. The glass
sad ening of Ms Chatsworth sonsenatory canoed
ter thatitierahlo thmaktaad anxiety, u I was very desirous
tide away allapthei with the numerous omelets connected
wales old gyms elegant with short lengths. This old
Medialoresa nada the Met of alaajtrieut, is certain in
the wain el • few years to render unsightly my structure
however well beat. In the none of iny Jacobin I Lard
that Mamas. and Co., of Binaintham, had jest la-
traduced from the Continent the usensbaare of skeet gloss
Beendingly I went tow then make this sew article, sad
nand they wore able to alliMiNgsre it three feet in length.
I was advised to see this glees la twe lengths with me
overlap, but to this I maid not swat, se I observed that
elms they bad so for advanced as to ha able to produce
theola three feet in length, I saw no ream why they
Mai an accomplish mother foot, and if this maid not be
,date, I would de
_gnat tha order, at that time
skeet glace wee egether 'aextexisisat for haticultaral
These patlemen, however, shortly afterwards
s that they had one person who maid maks it
die' Math, sad if I would give As nee they
*add IlioNth ten with all I required. It may jut be
reaseked bore that the glass for the Exhibition build-
,hg M fietpaiag lashes leff--• Me which no country
Moil* Effiliod is able to famish in my large mtea:
Sty ma at the remit day. In 1840 the
worth Oannenatery was sempleted and pleated. TM
whole bate el this b 277 feet, its breadth
123 feet Mat SY welM seat the height hen the fleet
to the peel 67 tea. Notwithstanding the
saner Math Msisd the snake of them buildings it he-
eaae w me • ipmelsa of impertame how fez an sated..
armature Meat be 11/~1141 is with let ridge sad anew
roots ; that is, the ridge sad valley reams lined m a keel
instead of at ea iseliaadea es ia the symegiewea, a men-
near as in the greet eessafwMry I ONlClVOr=seis,
pleas be ea ersetima of ihollad it the Bid of
assewhere art iis MD op; bat ea agernat as
itimeated dm of tho v'aste'r the data of weeder was
thendeseL Mier, from that tine I Lilt amared, aft
Only. that it Maid Ito dim ntisfasiorily, bat that the
emit appeetelato Imam is farm and eappcoa lewd,
gam nook 16 Met eaten, mai that oh=
ibis yen be the Sew Tleteela Hemet so
Wylie othathabil • Mhdillase typeree thalleset
heaffati daseribial hams Edistwre Wma
• is man two insalaw in whisk the Bat ends
poodeady OKA sod la MO mein with the mate Meth*
main (Here Mr. Nana Mama to the imam of
attached to a Ulla is Derby Da* oaly albeit
=Was Chatemeth, sad on De
gime area
Isis% Moor the easionstive wall at Obeimeisili.) lle that
emienteed--The are Vitioda Hera_lieffejwkii
• Wit ead novel appearamai le SS bet SIM" la
MEM is 9 than Weed& •111theloges _ Henn*dMeatheehaees,
with the GM, !Mesabi Iffellat du TIMM' Ina
yeerdiadeathe simaten, yet` the , teneipbecawbbli it It
=lisaan 00 Mae, mime. he melba sat to se
melidisteaust.
amation, the settee% end the made of amelmve aat
W quite duffle, and_ TM tally rawer the par=
wMeli they were thank& The) Viola% Boer,•
woe so built se ye Maim et mash odor" it bellit
OAS% uad yet
sir
staff oaf •=dtheatag
mina ; MAW, 116' iseMeney, this
bitapi7=lololl ffeenmedato • &Br menahlesped. mewl
gleNiell gad a vest Rumen et gaffe' dild
•may Wide Ile
iliratillrtleeWlNP4" I No=
- .

Madge of greet.- aid simplicity of feign, he entirely
epyrined. Tte deef /or the building inveleed various
mesidemithime, aid, IMeAre, it was preened, first, with
paginate esisitlemdien es to its &nem for the object In
gew—sendy, lite Belittling' of 1861 ;secondly,
Ile mthablewees he the rite proposed to be occupied by
the sweehote; sad, lowly, with a view to its permanence
es • wise gages, or vest hatticeitural structure, or
alegildieg garish might, if required, be gain used at any
fawn pried for a smiler exhibition to that of 1851. Oue
peg flew in the primarbulkling is, that cot • aegis
media of either stows, kith, or mortar is emissary to be
need, bit the whole is Mempesed el dry material, ready at
sees teethe istredietiew et sedges Is, the exhibition. By
we Misr semtdeation of meteride bet liras and wood, and
glees geld this impeeteM cwt be effected ; and when we
madder the Wailed peeled allows& for the engin of so
stupendous • strugars, the attalemeat of this all-important
point has mead what may slated be deemed the most im-
portant esesitheadem. The deem of stoner, plaster, or
aay moist mitheig la the sessinegith, together with the
prevision made /se the vagesews width will neemsarily arise,
and ermeasiewase against the ism, images the exhibitor at
ones to pines his saamsfaistuese in itir respective dtuatioes
without the babllity of smith, even of polished ware,
beteg by their simmer& It may be important
here to state that it is sassansary lo cut down any of the
large Mabee true, provision beiag made, by means of •
curvilinear mg ever the trwegio,:the building, for them
to ISM•iI Wig& the glass, sad a proper diffusion of air,
they WU sue suffer by the . (Mr. Psx'an here
proceeded as thecae the drawings of the plans of the
drag ds inhibited epos the walls of the room, showing
the origial Idea slits building and the improved design es
it wow gemile.) The highs of the Gentle aisle is 64 feet,
the side abide 44 het, mid the outside sides or first story 24
feet. The transept is 108 bet In height, and ham bean co-
vered with a semicireular reef, like that of the great con-
servatory at Chatsworth, in eider to preserve the large elm
trees opposite to Priaes'elate. The whole number of cog
Iron columns is 8,300, varyiag from 14 feet 6 inches to 20
feet in length. There are 2,2£4 mat and wrought iron
girders with 1,128 intermediate bearers, for sup-
port's; the floors of the galleries over the large
openings of the aisles. The girden are of wrought
iron, aed those fee the galleries are ef. cast iron. The
fronts if the galleries are oleo supported by cast iron girders.
The dimensions of the building are 1,851 feet in length, and
466 feet in breadth in the widest part. It covers altogether
mere than 18 acres; and the whole is supported on cast-iron
pillars, salted by bolts and nuts fixed to flanges turned per.
hotly true, end resting on wiecrets foundattons. The total
cubic connate of the building are 33,000,000 feet. Tee
six longitudinal galleries. 24 feat in width, running the
whole length of the building, and the fear transverse
ones, of the same dimensions, afford 26 pee cent. additional
exhibiting surface to that provided on the gronnd 81301..
This extra match suited for the display of light mans-
featured goods, and will also give a complete view of
the whole of the articles exhibited, together with en en-
tombs view of the lasing of the building. In order
to pin the root • light sad graceful appearance, it is
built en the ridge and furrow principle, and glawd with
British *set glass, as previously described. The ragas are
costliest la sainterniceled lines the whole length of the
building. The transept ponies, although covered by a semi-
circular roof, is also on the =Filar principle. AU the root
sad upright esehes being made by machinery, are put toge-
ther and glued with great rapidity, for, being fitted and
finished before they are brought to the place,
_little more as
required .mt the met then to place the figebed materials in
the pcsitions intended for them. The length of sash-bee
ri gelato is 206 miles. The quantity of glass required is about
900,000 feet weighing upwards of 400 tons. All roiled the
lower tier teethe badge, however, will be boerded with 6 lets
plaoted on in • perpendicular line with the sash ben above.
I have tried many experiments in order to find out the moat
suitable floors for the pathways of horticultural structures.
Stone was oblectiocable co many accounts, but chiefly an
account of the moisture and damp which it retained, and
was therefore uncomfortable, especially to these wearing
thin shoes. The difficulty of getting rid of the waste from
the waterlog of plants was also an objection; but perhaps
the greatest is the amount of dust from sweeping, which
always proves detrimental to plants. 1 likewise found that
aloes boarding for pathways was open to main of the Fame
objections se stone; far although damp or moisture
was in part get rid of, yet still agora were no means of
immediately getting rid of duet. Thiele various otjic.
tiers led me to the adoptioa of milled wood's path-
ways, with spoor between each board, through which, on
sweeping, the dust at ones disappears, and falls into the
vacuity below. Whilst the accomplisbment of this point
was most important In plant houses. 1 consider it dcubly
so with respect to the Industrial Building, where there
will be such an accumulatioa of various articles of delicate
texture and workmanship. Before sweeping the floors
of the great building, the whole will he sprinkled with
water front a moveable hand-engine which will be ham-
diately followed by a sweeping iaaeldne, consisting of many
brooms fixed to an apparatus De light wheels, and drawn by
a shaft. By this means a Inge portion of ground will he
pesed over in • very short sp.ce of time. The bosrda for
the fluor will be nine inches broad, an Inchand-e-halt thick.
lola bolt an Lath apart en sleeper joists, nine inches deep
sad three inches thick, four feet apart. This method
of flooring, then, poetesses the following advantages:—it is
very economist), dry, clean, pleasant to walk upon, admits
of the dust failing through the spaces; and, even when it
requires to he thoroughly washed, the water at once amp-
peen betwixt the openings, and the boards become almost
immediately fit for visitors. The galleries will be laid with
close boarding. The ventilation of the building has been
most mrehilly considered. A building where so
many individuals will congregate must require a
constant admission of pure air; and • most copious
supply is provided. Four feet round the whole of the
basement part of the building is made of loune-boardieg ;
and at the top of each tier a similar provision of
three feet is made, with power to add an additional quantity
if required; in the centre 'Wools°, the air will be plead.
fully admitted. By simple machinery, the whole of this
ventilation can be regulated with the greatest sue. The
advantages of this kind of ventilation are several. Louvre
boards are very ample in construed= ; they can be opened
and closed instantaneously with the greatest readiness ; they
nicely diatribut• the air, and yet admit • large volume of It,
and, from the
other, they effectually prevent the entrances of wet in rainy
weather. In order to subdue the intense light in so large a
building covered with glass, all the south side et the upright
parts, and the whole of the angled roof will be covered out.
side with canvas or calico, soloed as to allow a current
of sir to pan between the nevi sand the roof. In very hot
weather water may be poured on, welch will very much
assist in cooling the temperature within. Provision will
be made to use the Indian plan of ventilation, if the
beat is so intense as to render it desirable to have
the tempentian cooler than out of doors. A house was fit-
ted up last summer at Chatsworth as an experimental place
to try this aide of ventilating, when it was Mead to answer
the purpose admirably. Tee temperature was reduced hi
one hour from 86 to 78 degree., without any other miens
being used to increase the draught through the build*.
This sort el covering offers the following advantages : the
brightness of the light will be tempered and subdued, the
gnu will be protected from the poedbility of fakery by
bail ; the screen being plead on the outside will
nudger the building much cooler than if it were placed
Weide • and through this provision the emanation can be
regulated at pleasure. From the aide galleries running
the whole length of the building, there will be
ersad views of the goods and visitors below ; eddied
the transverse galleries in the middle and at the
auk will and ample means for general superthin,
lad will serve to eomesanicste between the aide galleries.
Iliagnifeleg glasses, working on swivels, plated at short dis-
likable, till give additional facility for commending a more
=general view of the Ifabibition. After the Exhibi
ever I would convert the building into a permanent
winter garden, and would then make carriage driver sad
equsegian promenades through It. Pedestrians would have
shout two man of galleriesand two miles of walks upon the
ground door, and sulkiest room would then be left for
piing. The whole intermediate space between the waika
wad drives would be planted with shrubs sad ellabers from
temperate climates. In summer the upright glass might be re-
moved, so as thieve the appearance dominoes' perk and gar.
dee. A structge where the industry gall ratios, is iatended
to De sztibited should, it is presumed, present to parries kern
statiestli • baleg hr the exhibition of their arts end
while it affords ample seconunodation
sesteedesee the purposes intended, would, of itself,
the most inter and posher feature of the 'Albino;
far this has been socomplished I mist leave to the
to decide. I have now endeavoured to give a
of the Fabibitioa building of 1861. It will he
a • simplicity of all its parts, together with the
of the detail, that the 0011Strd01100 does not are
that requires me to dwell longer upon. The
of one pen shows the whole; for it is oaly by
isltitetitatlcia of these parts that the stupeudeas
wip program it extended. When I maw
.111, . poem et glass sad cast iron, and the greet
.
wtp Whit* it can be used, I have no doubt but
• • Wailer to that at Dailey will be stashed to
-hewn, where they may serve as SIBUSVOOMS. COO-
wal rooms, or omnibus room', tf I may be
jarred the I of tow, in fag, engaged In mallet
the design he ell house to be coveted wholly
with glees; mind we consider that wherever lead Is new
used glass OW with equal propriety be spbstituted, I have
every lope that It will be used for buntings of various me-
atlas' end phantaters. Einragares of this end are also sus.
slights of the highest Wad of amansentationla stained glue
sad gement yalatieg. I eat not without hope, however,
that It dill Demme slant universal in image, and that the