The Express.
London, England, 1859-10-12 00:00:00

THE 80014 Z SCIENCE CONGRESS AT
BRADIVID.

BRADFORD, Tu lOIDAT.
The proceediage of this morning comesoosd by meet-
ing is
r. Bt. Deity:a Hall, at which the reddest took the
chai

Lord law:omen delivered the opening admen.
The Nora Loan commesced by surveying the extent of
the lindeseee of the Aaredstion, and sent renewed the
labors el It. Mends sad members. He particularly com-
mended the eserther of Mies N.ghttegsle s cones:ion with
hospitals, of Mrs Louisa 'Denim is the formation at trek-
kers visiting comentew. Ile nen notion whin hod bees
dor to forward the ansesdart of the law, and rid—The
politics is of marten truth, that judicial legislation can
sorer hexer en inductive science until a record le kept in
miser Wail, of all ceases tried and resells of the
Sin; so died the effects of each chang In the law nay at
mine he seen. A ineridershie improvement. by eie err-
des el the Wenn lee hese made ender the An emperin-
leadosse et Mesas Ridgway rid residojne ; end the
object el my reethalleste, moved Is at
or fret rwmallas, bee le a anis estiortiess =lee
that we ray bye kr sash complete .4 regales t
he
upon We ealdeet as lee long been given ia the Preach
swan neillesert of the anistwre of public *We, end
that the Owl*, which guide our jailbird 'Vendee may
better deism the Ism of inductive science. The bulk of
the cowardly, that Is, the workier•chisse., have much that
issues thda sosio, eed conduces to their immolates',
is their owl parer Bet not • little defends upon their
employees. The of the middle names is solder, d
hsswlelgjaiaear4 glees k • greeter value In their getter-
tint as regards themegloss sad those breath this. 'Then
iteration, too, hes shaft bees turned geserally to the
pest instigated send sires, sad the condition le all
• rupees* of Moss is their swim has occupied their thoughts
!fir man thee Is ham dais But in nothing have they
move dlstleeedehed themselves, both for goad sense and diein-
terseled then In the effoets made to restrict the
hams of lobar, gi besides a half-holiday, end the entire
benefit et the Sebbeth rest. The grievous effects of
oveoweeldefg as the health both of body sod mind
have been strikingly shown epos' the authority of
near am and
to
other experiaarad. pima& It has else
bees estineelorily proved that the sacrifice which employers
lore le mesh ever-rated ; that is may twee it amounts
sedgy' ashwork being better dose, or the shop better
attended those who are not exhorted) and in all cases
the lees t, by judicious ensageesenak be avoided. It
le highly satisfactory to dad the. the rely noire move-
ment, which hem about twenty yens Ego, when it wee
essfird %the dupery Warm, won after berme general,
so that now Wet is in all branches of trade, said also In the
public 'Wearisome', a very great improvement. But we had
• description at our first meeting from Mr. Lilwall, in hie
able and painfully interesting paper, of the dreadful coedi-
tics of alas. working is some trades Sill unreformed ; and
It is devoutly to be hoped that the rise considerate kindness
of employers may be attended to these. This is manifestly
ea evil to which, great a. It is, the law cannot, except
perhaps in a very few instasom owl to • very limited ex-
ert, apply a remedy. It becomes the more se-
cerary to decoct the attention of employers still farther to the
subject, end to call upoa them to communicate with each
other, and make such arrangements as the experience of asy
may suggest for completing, with am little weaker posers,
the good work already, mush to their credit, begun. Of a
Seth what they have dose la highly to be praised, ad their
ocedect is worthy of all rceptatios ; err could we early
point to any workiof philanthropy in our day better entitled
to public gratitude, le has, leder, merits ot a peculiar kind;
for while ether plans operate indirectly and gradnally, the
benefits of this ere direct end immediate. The health,
the instruction, the morale of the community are
directly improved by the action applied—aed improved at
row The class, too, them benefited is the moat impor-
tant of the children of toil—those in whose work the mind
is nor employed. Bat it comprises also, our arthena—
those wiser talents and industry maim England the great
capital of noraufacturos ; whose extleinse skill and adoorable
dexterity brn the fame of our are into every sea that
a rip can plough, teaching envy to the proudest of ear
rivals, and veneration to every tribe, however remote, r
soon as it. existence becomes known. Of the working Wean
Merge, If not the besetting sins, certainly the meet pond •
airs hoboes an improvidence and intemperate • sad r
there can be so greater evil, than what proord from
these moron, it is fortunate that a remedy can be applied
serenely to mitigate, possibly *vet so e Let en .Wolof. cure.
The two &Wags as so doubt closely cosnected ; but it is
fit that they be oaridered apart, se In nose material respects
they re net savedvesho, improvidence having the wider
rope and mere general operation. It is well said by Mr.
Brads' Clarke, In his very useful paper at the Congress of
1657, that the great problem of rein' economy le how to
help the working people to keep themselves with their own
Edney" (is other words, to teach them provident habits)—
and the plan which he strongly pressor, and which Mr.
Ahmed, in an able sad important paper last year more
fatly Illustrated, is the establishment of Penny Savings
banks. His lordship art referred in terms of satl.foction to
the temp:mace and drinking fouumin movements. After
touching upon the progress made in chemical science,
geology, and astronomy, he proceeded to remark upon oar
free constitution, in its admicistoation, the rights and privi-
lege. which we enjoyed under it, our whole social system as
connected with it, and the perils to which it was exposed,
and said that our open enemies abroad and doubtful friend;
at home all considered constitution.' government, the scheme
of representation, repos its trial. Attar making .11 de-
ductims for exaggeration, it was quite evident that there
prevailed is very many town constituencies aa inveterate
practice of bribery, whether direct or by shifts. It was
thus manifest that the franchise was regarded by a great
body of pence; not as • trust to be expreioed tor public pur-
er., but as a private property to he need for individual gale.
To the candidates, if bribery were proved, tee less of their
seats was al the penalty that we denounced to deter the
gnat =defectors. When he (Lord Brougham) made the
nave yule felony, the pirate, who had cheerfully nut all
remarry hazards, would not expose Matra to be tress-
ported as a felon, and the execrable traM, creed. So it
was clear that (mailake and their agora, whom no dread
of defeat or expense could refrain, would shrink from the
hazard of on infamous puniehmeet when they saw the
tread-when as well an the Hour of Commons at the mid
' of the pith which led from the hustings. (Cheers and
laughter.) It might be objected that the seventy of the
indiction would prevent the execution of the law,
end, no doubt, se nag as the enforcement of it wee
left to a tribunal late the election committee' this
result was to be apprehended. Bat how much longer
were we to continue illa only nation which left the execu-
tion of its penal laws to private individuals, inflicting upon
the party injured by r offence the additiral injury of
prosecuting the Ardor? It seemed bat too prober' that
the prevalence of corruption would be seed as a renege
%aro granting elective rights with the attached donee to
those who were sot at present allowed to poses therm A
grove doubt rune whether we deserved the franchise who
eared it so little that they would sot deprive themselves
of say indulgence in order to squire it. If renting a 101.
hoer gave it, a man occepyieg a el. bore might have
it by saving 20d. a week in beer. "Its but too aerials
that of those who are loudest In their cell for the
right of roam • very greet 'another would refute to pay
this very small price to obtain it. but the disposition to
regard the ruts as a Wag which may be tanned to profit,
In a word as conferring the power of being bribed, as en-
abling them to commit a crime for the lucre of gain, offers a
still stronger reran against granting ii, To imagine, as
erne reaseners do, that clothing tber men with the franchise
will Mee theta is their own estimation and in that of others,
and impart these with a rase of their importance sa execut-
ing a great public trust, is altogether too romantic a
view for say practical Ma to take. But It le certain that
if corruption be t flectnelly put down the greatest obstacle to
their rtniona among the number of elector, is removed.
But while the law continues so lamentably defective, both in
Is substance and arm precedure, dials is some satisfaction
in finding that the leading men at one or two places, hoes a
our of duty or the fear of disfranchnentent, have been
deeming local mowers for checking corrupt practices. Thus
at Bridgewater and at Norwich mentor. committees have
been freed, by members of the town council arid other
persons of authority, for the purpor of kirepieg strict watch
over their fellow-townsmen in the elections recently held.
From then praiseworthy proceeding sum- aver may be
hoped; but the evil is too deep rooted to be thew extirpated,
and It tea hardly be doubted trifle the places where corrup-
tion most prevails, and where the praetice of it is of long
standing, lead freaks will be found fur adopting each a
course. Same good would rsuredly be done by requinng •
very stringent declaration from all members on three their
seats, as I and others—my friend Sir J. Pakinvon among
them—have fee/wetly etnerseted ; a solemn declaration that
they act only dad not know, but bad no reason whatever to
enepect, chat suy corrupt pew:tier had been used ier their
behalf at their election, and that they had furnished no
mosey for such premier and would pay se expenses which
had thus been incurred. If it were enacted that no voter
should be employed for hire in any capeelly, a declaration
such as has been described could not be made by any man
having the least regard for his reputation, if either her or
his agent. had been guilty directly or indirectly of bribery.
While sine reartiners contend net the people are enmesh-
fled for the exercise of the franchise—in other words, for the
poseerios of political pure—by went of informer=' and
some would withold is because of their evil habits, there
has bees at all timer, bat weer ito much as of late year a
diet:triton in a large and important body to •••11010 power
by acts sumeomes of doubtful legality, and always leading,
by their alaitet unavoidable consequence, to • breach of the
law. b allude to combinations Mr raising weigee, ac rm.
pried with • resolution sot to work either for more than •
certain time or fur le than • Tatra remuneration. If the
ingconnected with ay plan of preventing others
regOtigWa is
orking, either by actual violence or by trier it is
j manifestly an offence, end severely punishable. Bat with-
, out any violence or meaner, the raising a fund to keep one
elan Idle. teueporting them when thew refer to work,
except as the tors prescribed by the Ludy, lanes to

WEDDING sad BIRTHDAY PRESENTS.
H. RODRIGO/MK 0, NisodNIKIDOONNINstios is SY skirt
"room tquAst sr 0 43000.TIATINALINO DRUNINO BACK
aIaIPATCH 100104 00diss Orss. Wok lines. J• 01 Or is.
SADISM' RM. ULM sad CSKRISON BASS of svw, somvuss•
NISDLICVAL MOUNTS!) NI SOAPS CAM. 10.017010.
NOOKS. sod IN KtITANDiss saw; Soot Osisis, ati& rid
Om Mos.. us NNW PATON? 110‘,.0100110 ZOOK•SLION,
No shako Twisty et 111.20•100.10 sod NOVILTUNI
so PRISMS rialON. us verses le No be =l4l
1110 INT 1.00110U01,11.10 0110.0 e 111001•000.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 12, 1869.

'Midi their employee teapot or will not yield, and the
waylaying mother elms coming from the country, offer-
-3
16:4* pay the journey back if they join in the
approaches very near en unlawful cm-
*may ; or if it be not absolutely illegal is
in the highest degree oppressive to the employers,
became it deprives them of the ordinary advantages of com-
petition, planing the whole rat/edam of labour in • false and
unnatural ppoosiution. net which regulates all prima, whether
of oosmodities or of labour, Is the higgling of the market;
and then lea kind of individual instinct by which dealers
is labour as well es driers in other things adjure their
demands. A combined action of 100 or 1,000 subsatatas
ler thin individual instinct a fixed rule, oceosived without
the nest regard to the rate of supply and demand, to the
eimemelmees of the party offering and the Party aerapther
or refuelag, sad minces that rule le an ail:Crary manner,
Mid by no 'morel appliances. The fallacy is mauraseas by
which Me labourers, complaining of machinery as throwing
hands oat of work, hold that they ought to share directly
with the employer in the gains which the machinery enables
Ma to make. They do share in these gene, but not
directly. TM capital saved must always be employed in
Ctrfor labour ead the machinery that eaves labour
s Use to 'the capitalist enables lira to employ
more Meer in ether lines; the greet probability being that
be will employ it in the line to which he and his workmen
see occasioned. The combination of meters is the inevita-
ble esapermines of the combinations of men ; sad as they
have espial to draw upon, which is • far more certain end
WOWS reseame of supply se the contributions of the area,
such a Miligkit must always end in a great loam to both po-
ne, but dreadful to the poor men, whose families suffer se
milolerikin the meantime, and who, after they have been de-
ii em am so find a great diminatios of employment,
to Wye Wry leidioted epos abs rentore. It is Eilees to
observe that Om immediate tendency of each comblaatime is
the very reverse of its hansom of the estabtishossat of
inlets in the middle ages, which were the parents of skill
is all the arts. The Inevitable effect of strikes is to level all
merit, to benefit the lacy and incapable at thee:penes el the
industrious sod skilful, and to rob all concerned in them, for
the pr,ifit of a few agitators and mob-seskers. But though the
employers hem an unquestionable right to combine in self-
defence against the tyranny of their combined workmen, and
though they are secure of suoceso in the and, it is only robe
gained by patience, at some sacrifice, and by joint and prudent
action. It is sure to be lest by any imitation of the unjust' mid
violent course pursued by the men ; and it is most especially
at a Name of indiscreet and unscrupulona combination among
the levute that the masters ought, more than ever, to be-
ware at encroaching upon jut rights, and rather to give their
men more freedom than to curb them in any meaner of way.
It must be observed that all the errors into which one of the
parties fall, sad which are the muss of their uuremonabla
and unreasoning proceedings, and which present
the enemies of an extended franchise with their
meet powerful argument, come from ignorance. If
care were taken to teach them the plain, lastly
learnt, and easily understood principles, which of all
men they have the greatest interest in understanding—tbe
relation between prices, including that of labour wed of
supply and denoted—between capital and wages—between
machinery and profits, se well of masters as of workmen—
between rights mad daties—between the Wormer& of the
law and the interests of all—if these principles were ever
preset to their Wads, the tonne of conduct which they
ofteatimes perms, to dear own great detrimaet quite as moott
as to the Injury of others, would be nest to impveible. But
other branches of political knowledge, highly important for
them to posse.., should be added ; nor is it doubtful that
these can be taught just as easily as reeding, writing, or
Sphering, with the little of gingraphy acid history now
given. An able and very useful paper was read at our last
year's nesting, by Mr, Templar, showing that those branches
of knowledge were encresetully taught in the Manchester
Model School, of which he is head master, and Dr. Hodgson,
who urged the muse improvement in as excelleat paper.
The necessity of taking this course, if we mean that edam-
; lion should be more than a name, has beg bee, some-
ously intuit:Med by Mr. W. Ellis, whom it is lapsible to
pane without elpressiag a doubt whether the ecteadasee of
hie views or his noble genermity in promoting We great
week of popular education is most to be admired. It 4
with the most heartfelt satisfaction that I mamma the
wise determination of the Education Committee at the

Privy Council, who have called apes this ezeallent person to
&diver a °Puree of lectures oa pohtful seisomy to the work-
ing dunes, sad the tint looters is to be given this very day.
Some most horsiest branches of industry are from thefr
4111euept fres the possibility of the mishit*
which, wit► she means of preventing, we have bees far a
mosses ocsistapislag. Faoisory labour, from the relations
hewer master and men, can searisly ever give rise to cam-
Mastless as the ass pare ores the other. But there Is • most
seem gird to which It Is exposed ; and the moral hilluesoss
yea • portion of there employed can never be too deeply
w or, where neoemary, 4.10 carefully counteracted. The
effects of promiscuous association, without due superintend-
ence, me mod unhappy upon the young of both ems, but
mom especially upon femalee. Tee constant wages, too, tempt
merited females to eke out their income by this kind of worn,
and leave their children uaattended to. These children at
a very early age are theautelvea drawn into the name em-
The legislature his interfered, not more than ensigh,
fa footnoting the hours of work where the picnic are con-
canoed ; much more than was expedient or inetiflable in ser-
ials eases of adult workwomen. But the worst part by far
of the evil remains beyond the reach of legielsion ; and a
remedy for it has not bets attempted, except in • few indi-
vidual instences. The good feeling and good sense of muter
manufacturers can alone interpose to rescue the numerous
and important claw, especially of the female hands, from
the contamination to which they are exposed, and which is
spreeding the worst kind of dissoloteues over the working
cisme Nor will all the use of the masters suffice, unless
they are assisted by the geseroue and truly unseal co-
operation of women I. the middle and upper classes of
society, moved by pious Zed, and +ethic upon • well consi-
dered plan for the good of their fellow-creature., in by far
the zoos important of human concern.. The staters of
charity In France bear moron into the hospitels—they ren-
der invaluable help to the physician, in disarming di...se
of its pairs, and lend • not superfluoas aid to the pastor, in
disarming death of its tenors. They have earned the united
lisisings of a people that hardly ever twee in respect for any
existing toad, utions—they have made their name revered by
all. A worse dimes than ever filled the wards of hospitals
—a moral plague—despising the haunts of our meet gainful
industry. Let the spectacle or report of It call into eel/Prise
• sisterhood that Mar mast the enormous coil, to prevent
w►ich is fee better and far cosier than to care." (The noble
lard was frequently applauded during the delivery of his able
address.)
Via-Cheacellor Page Wood was to follow his lordship
with an address on Jurisprudence, end the departments were
eubesquently to meet in their rooms for the reading of papers
j end disuses's.

THE SOCIAL SCIENCE MEETING AND THE RAIL-
WA Tll.—Considerable dissatisfaction was expressed )esterday,
that, although it was announced that the Midland end Great
Northern Companies had agreed to take prisons attending
the niestiegs of ti. aesocietion to and Not Bradford at ore
Aws, so ter as Leeds wee concerned, no reduction was made,
the boollag-alert Mating that they hid received no instruc-
tions.— Ledo Jihretry.
s_
- .

DINNER TO LORD :LTTEDEN.—Tbe Liberal elee-
ten of the town of Northam',foe, and other friends of Lord
Ly yetis, have invited hia lordship to • public dinner, which
in Sued to fake place at the Peacock Hotel, Nunlike/toe on
Thomday,Oet. 20, at 6p.m. Earl Spencer is to preside,
ad
a Lnrd Henley and Mr. Chas. Gilpin, among others, have
promised to be present.
HER MAJESTY's VISIT TO Loco ICATRIEZ.—Her
Majesty a to open the Lock Katrina Waterworka on the
14th Mat. Leaving Holyrood at about 10, she will path
Callender by half-post eleven, and then proceed by car•
Hags through the Trometeha to the heed of the lake. Em-
barking on the lake in a steamer in wailing, her Majesty
then sail close up to a platform crestructed at the
month of the aqueduct, sod step on *bore, while bead. In
attendance will play the National Anthem. The Queen may
then give instruction, for opining the sluices—or do so her-
self—by opening • smell tap which will set in !maim tea-
&leery for raking the ',butter*, thereby admitting the eater
of the loch to the aqueduct, and declare the waterworks
open. After lunching at the conamiasionee's cottage, then
royal party will Teton by the same steamer, carriages, sad
route, to the pale. at Retread.
TUREATENING NOTICE TO LORD DERBT.—MT.
P. J. Smyth, proprietor of the IVaterf,rd Citizen, bas ad•
dittoed a long and espy later to the Earl of Derby in re•
Leases to his to intiragem to evict the tenants ea hie
Doom asters. Mr. Smyth's =Wive concludes so follows :
" I feel It to be my duty, my loru, to mime • warping voice.
Weak though it be, it will yet reach the ear of M'Mahon of
Palace, et the bead of his fiery legions; O'Doneoll of Spain
shall bear it; and so, too, shall the American General
Hersey, who, with a handful of men, bold. Sen Juan In Hie
teeth or your bossed Pfeifle squadron. Be wise, and
hearken to this bumble voice of mote, and desist from p or
yeah and unholy enterprise. If, however, you are resolved
spa proceeding to extremities, then—for you are • men of
undoubted personal courage—do fall justice to your charac-
ter, and commit not to any poor devil of a subordinate the
execution of your decree. With the jewelled coronet of the
Snaky. glittering upon your haughty brow, and the ribbon
of the Garter decorating your manly person, hiedyounalf
the posse eetnitattte. In that event, I promise myself the
patilicatioa of nuking year personal mapaiatance. 'We Il
mess at Philippi. I hafts the bower to be your
°bedfast humble eervsat, " P. J. Siarru.'_

---
TAE ALLEGED RAILWAT EMBEZZLEMENTS IN
BCOTLANTL—We are happy in Wing able to mate that the
two gaarda--Alexancier itob^le and James Whitton-440
Were apprehended on gavial= of bedag implicated in the
embezzlement came no the Scottish North•Ewern Railway,
Lase been liberated, an charge bring found against them.
They merely conveyed the lettere oratalwieg the Illegal
tickets to the patties to whom 'hey wore eddreemid. One,n-
Woos at what wen going on, and were by no mesas privy to
the fraud. There are now the young me*, all clerks, PH-
' mon be Maumee sok—ilontrese Benin•.