The Express.
London, England, 1861-11-21 00:00:00

TO OUR =MIR&

SPORTING DITILLIGENCE.

A !ate edition of the Express is published every
evening during the racing season, containing the
results of the day's races.

Tame can be no doubt the!, during the
present American crisis, the conduct of Earl
Ruseat.L as Foreign Minister has been marked
by singular discretion and impartiality. Nor
would it be just to withhold from the Passim,
and our representative at Washington, the praise
to which they are fairly entitled for having given
the most loyal support to the policyof the Foaxiox
MININTLIL. Some things may have been done which
it might have been better to have left undone, but
it is impossible to deny that the principles of neu-
trality have been maintained throughout this
terrible contest with dignified consistency. Unfor-
tunately, there is a class of persons in America, re-
presented by the New York Herald, who, having
started as vehement advocates of secession, are now
endeavouring to persuade people of their sincere
loyalty to the Constitution by frantic abuse of
England. On the other hand, there is a considerable
party in this country which, professing a nominal
neutrality, desires at heart the success of the
South, in the insane hope that that success and the
disruption of the American Union will indefinitely
postpone those political reforms which must seri-
ously endanger their present monopoly of power.
In the present temper of the people of this coun-
try it is a difficult teak to persuade them that the
New Yost Herold does not represent the genuine
public opinion of America. That journal, no
doubt, enjoys the advantage of an enormous circu-
lation—every one buys it, every one reads it—but
if any foreigner supposes that the key to the
policy of the American Cabinet is to be found in
the columns of that journal he is grievously mis-
taken. To many, it may seem strange that a
whole population should employ their time in
reading opinions with which they have no sym-
pathy, or that those who conduct it should And it
profitable to advocate opinions which are at vari-
ance with public feeling. It should be ob-
served, however, that it is not the political prin-
ciples foe which the New York Herald is read.
There is a mans of gossip, and a power exhibited
of producing " sensation-articles " which snits the
genius of the reeding public in America. But the
sodden change of opinion which this very journal
was leveed to accomplish as soon as the war be.
came serious, proves that American opinion is not
directed by any such unprincipled guides. It is,
indeed, of the utmost importance that the
fact should be thoroughly understood by the
people of this country, in order that they
may estimate at their true value " the
" falsehoods," " slanders," and " menaces" which
have undoubtedly appeared from time to time in
the columns of such journals as the New Yuri
Herald and others of the same stamp. Hitherto
it has been found convenient in some influential
quarters to ignore this peculiarity of American
journalism. It is satisfactory, therefore, to observe
that the Special Correspondent of a leading contem-
porary has been obliged to correct this mischievous
mistake, and to warn the people in this country
against supposing " that these one or two journals
" really exercise the smallest influence over the
" public opinion of the United States." Thus,
after alluding to the fact that some American
papers have threatened that the first consequences
of victory on the part of the United States would
be a war against Canada, he says :—" It may
"be as well, in the interests of truth, to
" say that there is not a respectable citizen
"of the United States who does not utterly dis-
" avow such doctrines, and who does not repudiate
" the idea that the smallest weight should be at-
" tached to the words of the paltry creatures
" whose frantic cries and feigned passion attract
" crowds around them, just as a begging Fakir
" assembles the multitudes in an Indian fair by
" his yells and contortions in order to get half-
"pence." Again : "Let it be well under-
" stood, that the mess of the citizens dues ap-
" preMate and comprehend the justice mist purity
" of the motives of our position in this contest ;
" and if they are vindicated in the end the
" alliance between the two countries will be
" placed on a broader and surer basis than it ever
" rested upon.'' These are the views which have
been advocated in our own pages during the whole
of the present crisis, but now confirmed byawiteirms
upon the spot, and published in the same columns
where the most reckless accusations have been made
against the justice and impartiality of the whole
American people. Indications have not been
wanting that the leading minds in America were
superior to the vulgar prejudices of the mob and
their meanest flatterers; but our contemporary is
to be congratulated upon having admitted into its
columns opinions which, although they have the
merit of being both just and accurate, are
strangely inconsistent with those which it has
hitherto expressed.

Bat the lesson which their Special Correspcodsut
has read to his friends does not atop here. Of
late it has become the fashion to insist that slavery,
has nothing to do with the present civil war. Ac-
cording to some, the sole object of the North in
continuing the contest is conquest and dominion.
They care nothing for thu fate of Demote or octo-
roons--what they do care for is to gratify their
ambition by reasserting their sway over the whole of
the Southern Confederation. Aooordiug to this
theory the slaves have no interest in the struggle:'
it is a mere dispute between the whites of the
Northern States and the whites of the Southern

, States as to which of them shall henceforth 611 the
Cabinet seats at Washington, and share the spoils
of office. At the time of Mr. Liscowes elec-
tion, indeed, this theory was never dreamed of.
It is notorious matter of history that
Slavery was the bone of contention, and
so it was understood by the whole civilized world.
According to others, however, it is a question of
Tariff. The Southerners are contending for inde-
pendence in order to establish complete freedom of
commerce. Now let us hear the Special Cor-
respondent we have quoted, on both these points.
He is on the spot, he is no doubt well versed in
the leading columns of the journal he repro•
sents he has of course no interest in
advocating opinions absolutely inconsistent with
those of his patrons—and what does he say!
" It may be easy," he observes, "to say this is a
" war of tariffs, of opposing interests, of free
" trade against protection ; but, after all, the
" tariffs, the interests, and the commercial policies
" of the North and of the South rest upon the
" difference between free labour and slave labour
" and their products. It is supposed here that
" the Conservative party in England are
" disposed to sympathise with the South.
"If so, it cannot be because the South has
" adopted Free Trade' as its motto so much as
" that, because the South, if successful, will deal
" a death wound to Republican institutions. The
" Liberals, who are believed to sympathise with
" the Northern States, are in etrangealliance with
" the most determined Protectionists in the
" world : but underneath all this, as I have said
" before, rests the stratum of slavery, and the
" fight will reach it at last."
It would not be easy to express in stronger lan-
guage the opinion so often expressed in these
columns, that slavery lies at the root of the pre-
sent contest. And however difficult the Cabinet
at Washington may find it to handle this most
delicate subject, the time must come when it
can no longer be avoided. In the meantime it Is
important to note that even those public writers
who would fain have changed the character of
this great contest and ignored its real issues, are
compelled to confess that Slavery, and nothing
but Slavery, lies at the bottom of the dispute.
Nor, perhaps, is it leas important to observe that
even to the eye of the Special Correspondent
the real motives which prompt the sympathies
of the political parties in this country are tho-
roughly appreciated. It may be very well for
British Tories and Conservatives to pretend that
in sympathiaing with the South they are sympa-
thising not with Slavery but with Free Trade.
Those who have mixed in ordinary society know the
hollowness of such a plea ; and the Americans know
it too. To those who cherish aristocratic privitege and
hate popular power the fall of the great Western
Republic is a spectacle much more attractive than
the progress of free trade. Hitherto the prosperity
of the United States was a continua! menace to
their monopoly of political power ; and to see that
prosperity rudely blasted by a popular rebellion,
is the very fulfilment of their fondest hopes.

Ptiarro opinion in England is too well ro-
quainted with the propensity of French Imperialism
to sudden transformations and theatrical sur-
prises, to mistake • financial collapse which was
inevitable for • political conversion which is im-
possible. The Ethiopian has not yet changed his
skin, and the Empire is not yet Peace. Every
form of government, like every human institution,
has qualities which account for its being, and for
whatever chances of duration it possesses; but
then is always a leaning on one side or
the other, and in the absence of any residing
force, whichever way the fabric leans it
will sooner or later fall. The leaning o: French
Imperialism is certainly not on the Bide of peace,
liberty, or economy. These are the characteiistics
of • limited and responsible government, in which
the civil element prevails, and under which men
say the thing they will ; not of • gove-nment all
the forces of which are practically centred in one
1111111'11 sovereign caprice, and which has ix hun-
dred thousand bayonets to keep from rusting.
It is amusing and edifying enough to see an all
bat omnipotent ruler making his people • parker
in his difficulties, and generously giving the-4
full leave to pay his debt 3. The reclaimed
prodigal is not too nicely judged ; only in the
p-eeent case it is the family that has eaten the
husks, while the prodigal has been devourins any
number of fatted calves. A new loan ii only a
calf the more added to that considerable consump-
tion of cattle. The commerc4l and mercantile
world, then, is willing to take the recent peni-
tential litanies in France for what they are
worth, and, as in charity bound, to bops all things
and believe all things, and to expect nothing but
• loan. What new spirit M. Formi'a Ali/noire,
and the return to office of a discarded Minister
" through • triumphal arch," may infuse into the
deliberations of the Senate and the debates of the
Corps lAtipslatif, is an interesting problem. It
may be that the friendly openness of M. Forza,
and the generous humility of his master may have
so disarmed the independent criticism of the
Chambers that even hoati'e voices will join the
thorns of gratitude for favours to come, and a
Budget in which "the Un*oreesen" will form the
largest chapter will be voted with acclama-
tion, if not with tears of trustful devotion.
The members of the Imperial Chambers are
men of feeling as well as men of figures, and as
cold lookers on we are disposed to tremble for the
rigour of their con•rences in the face o: such an
affecting appeal to the tenderness of their hearts.
It may be well to beware of exaggerating the
influence of the financial situation, as discloned
by M. FOCLD, upon the future course of the
Empire. The new MLNIATER of FINANCZ, beyond
all question, is a man o: peace, e business, and
o 7 modem:ion, and we are loth to apprehend that
as soon as he has completed the operation for
which he is called in his occupation will be gone.
But to frighten the patient is not to cure • disease
so deepseated as the Smirch,' disorde- of the
Emp're ; and here we have a p-tient who
is probably not half as frightened as ho
looks. The most shameless spendthr"l becomes
the most unblushing insolvent, and the heir to
large estates will sell his very soul to any lawyer
who will find him in pocket money when
he has made havoc of all his " expectations."
It is obvious that M. FOCLO must make a solitude
of the Imperial palaces and purlieu: before he can
cut or cauterize away the rank disease that has
preyed on the vitals of France for the last ten
years. Perhaps he will be content to have facili-
tated by his Memorial and his measures an indis-
pensable transaction, and administered some passing
relief to the public mind in • difficult and dangerous
*MOM

How, them, will the political situation of the Em-
pire at home and abroad be affected by this con-
fession of sins followed by the customary form of
absolution T At home it may be imagined that the
prestige of the Government will suffer ; the silent
and invisible censorship of opinion will be-
come mono and more vigilant and northing ;
public speech will wax bolder and bolder ;
and the Empire will cease to be considered even

by the timorous and selfish classes a necessary evil.
To argue thus is to know very little of our neigh-
bours in the mass, or of the Government which
sways by pandering to all follies and all passions,
or of the magnificent resources of the land, the
industry, and the labour of France. The EMPUOZ
must and will find means of suppressing Socialistic
theories by converting them into realities at the
cost of the State. He must and will find bread and
pay, and shows, for the population that subsists on
public works. He must go on pulling down and
building up streets, and piercing strategic roads
through the cities. He must be a second Provi-
dence, against whom neither the inclemency of the
seasons nor the visitations of nature, neither
drought nor dearth nor inundations can prevail.
Imperialism must live and move and have its
being in • vast army trained and taught
to worship the hereditary saintship of NAPOLEON,
and to regard all Europe as its camp of glory.
To suppose a sincere reduction of the French army
under the Empire is to suppose that it is not the
one great object of the Emperor of the Emma to
keep his throne.

Without seeking to disparage, therefore, the good
intentions of M. FOITLD, it may be prudent to hold
our congratulations in reserve. But there is yet
another consideration which appears to impose re•
straint upon our hopes, and that is the foreign
policy of the Empire.
It is pleasant to anticipate a time when the
foreign policy of the Empire will not be of • nature
to excite the attentive anxiety of Europe. But
this unrest which swells the armaments and •the'
estimates of neighbouring Powers is not simply
a Napoleonic tradition ; it is the menu
of Napoleoniam. The substance of M. Fouizes
Memorial was evidently known to his Imperial
Muter many weeks since, and the calculations 11
upon which it is based cannot but have been long
familiar to that mysterious mind. Yet there is
reason to believe that, after holding out all manner
of half-hopes to half-a-dozen nationalities, the
arbiter of Europe, having the fear of M.
FOULD before his eyes, had silently premeditated
another Villa Franca disappointment before M.
liarazzr arrived in Paris. Here indeed arises
a serious reflection. The Empire at pre-
sent is assuredly not rich enough to
pay for its own glory, and there is only
one country in the world that could repay
on the spot the cost of a victorious campaign ;
and that is precisely the country which is the
least favourable object of aggression. A financial
crisis is no specific against war; and "the might
" e evil dreams " arising from domestic diffi-
culties, is apt to drive crowned heads into the
field. Now, without actually rushing into war,
cannot some active employment be found for
• restless army t Occupation and moral influence
are all that the soldiers of • Liberator ask from
their brethren "of the Latin race." If report
speaks truly, it is to some arrangement of this
l'nd that M. RAM= has lent an ear. France
would thus combine the advantages of peace and
war, and Italy would fill up the measure of her
obligations by serving as the wash-pot of the
Empire. We shall see what the Italians have to
say to this part of the new Imperial programme.

The financial advice§ from Paris state that it is
uoderetood Y. ?mild called before him ou Tuesday the
flyndicat of the Arcata de Cheap, and intimated that he
does not 'mama taxing any lea for the present. He is also
reported to have mid that, in hie opiates, the measures
about to be takes will inspire enflkient confidenoe to suable
the latatedlate waits of the trtasury to be supplied through
the heaths debt. The Bourse ato be opined gratuitously
at the end of the year, sad the tourniquets removed. The
shasetione tag as the transfer of shire property, which pro.
dear may 340,C00/. per ►mmum, is likewise to be abolished
or modified. The minister further mentioned that within
thaw few days then has beat a ocanoseoemsat of a ratans
of silver to the Busk at Prlkooll.

A Paris letter says:—" On Monday evening the
pascal rehearsal at the Grand Opera, Paris, with full
decoestions, scenery, and onetnnees, took place, of the sew
ballet, Vie Star of Aft:mins. The stalls, parterre, and
balcony were Fled by a very select anivethe specially
invited to witness this new piece, which bee completely
eneeeeded ; and the performers were warmly applauded by
those present, amongst whom was Rossini, who sat in the
premier kg nest the stage. At the end of the entr'aete,
thrm blows were given from behind the scenes. The cur-
tain however, did not rise, but the orchestra nn.
develood the signal, and muck up with as adse-able
effect the overture to Guillaume Tell, the verve
and animation of which were considerably ea.
hawed by the composer's presence. The whole ham
listened with a breathless silence, and then followed the
bassos and slapping of hands, which were succeeded by all
rising sad mying repeatedly Viva Rossini !' Rossini in
his tore arose, evidently much affected by this warm and
spontaneous tribute to hie genius, and strove by low bows
to aeksowledge the ovation. M. Mphonse Royer, when
the ovation had siabsided into something that remotely
approached a calm, came forward and thanked, in the name
of the composer, the house and ' chef d'orchestre for the

demonstration they had made, and expressed to Rossini hie
sympathy and admiration for him, as well as his regret for
the inaction to which he has voluntarily condemned the
genies of mimic dweVing in lyrn."

A Turin letter in the Constiteti4
" Much has been said about the discord which exists between
General Cialdioi and the ministry ; the facts of the case are
these :—Kiog Victor Emmanuel, feeling surprised that the
ministers did not propose morns great recompense for the
services which the general had rendered in Naples, an-
nounced to the council his intention of giving him the
Grand Collar of the Annum:tido, which is the highest distinc-
tion that could be conferred, being equicilent to the English
Garter. The ministry were unanimous in respectildly expres-
sing their disapprobation of such an act, and even went so
far as to make it a cabinet question. General Claldlol
heard a few days after of what had taken place, and imme-
diately resigned the command of the 4th corps darftic.
The resignation was accepted, but he will hold himself in
mediums to return in be event of a change of ministry or
of Italy requiring his savvier."

RaYll :

The Official Oazetk of Turin publishes a royal
decree, aro/pais/mg the liatnlica of young mes instituted
at Palermo by Geasral Garibaldi in June, 1860, trader the
name of "Institute Militaire Garibaldi." By this decree,
the battalion in timed= is to comprise 5C3 pupil", divided
into four oompanias, aad is to be amiutilated, as regards
instruction, to the battalion of soldiers' SODS at Raeoceigi.
' "

A painful scene preceded the delivery of the
government into the hands of the Bing-Regent of Portugal.
The members of the Council of State having been admitted
into the chamber of the deceased king, kissed the scarcely
cold hand of the young sovereign. The pose-niortra& exa-
mination took place on the 13th, and the opinion given was
that his Majesty had expired from a violent attack of fever,
caused by the miasma arising from the menthe In the
neighbourhood of the capital.

According to the New York accounts this week,
the shipments of grain from that port during the month' of
October had been of unpreosdooted magnitude, those of
wheat and flour alone being worth more than a million and
• half sterling. The imports of manufactured goods during
the same period had been only 400,0001., against 1,103,0001.
in the corresponding month of last year, and even of this
total about half *melded of woollen goods bought for
army purposes. Nearly all the markets were now drained
of produce, and many bookers and merchants were looking
anxiously to the effects to be witnessed when the ship.
meats of breadstuff', as world soon be the case, are re-
amed to moderate proportions.

In the last woo unto from California it is stated
that the amount at silver now produced is that shit* is
estimated at 1,200,0 CY. per annum.

Petitions to the Governor-General of India,
praying that the press and the publics may be admitted to
the debates of the New Legislative Council, have been pre•
stinted is Calcutta by the Landholders' and Commercial
Association, the Calcutta Trades' Association, and the
British Indian Association ; and a similar petition is to be
presented by the Chamber of Commenso.