The Northern Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1856-12-09 00:00:00

THE BESSEMER PROCESS.

When, on the first publication of Mr. Bessemer's
tion, we subjected the process to such an examination_a;
the data then furnished _to the public permitted. II ,Lf
pressed the belief that many particulars were visen_4rs
which appeared to us essential, to a correct estimate 01",.
value. The high pretensions with which Mr. Bessemer s
he
cess was ushered into the world and the importance o_lf
manufacture to which it refers alike required that aeoPo74
ticulars should be withheld essential to the justificat bleb
those pretensions, and to the solution of a question iv
agitated the most important manufacture of the etrSii
The misgivings we had at that time were exPress
these words :
Especially important, too, is it that accurate
(3heleilif
analysis should be resorted to to show the comPos.litiltrolf
this iron, and to prove that the new process pet
Bessemer it a sulphur and phosphorus, as we understand net
Bessemer to say it will—elements, the presence
cent of which is fatal to the quality of the iron. his
So far as we are aware, this important informatnio
not been communicated to the public, and so long a...t0 the
the
has no m elapsed that we despair of receiving it, friti
quarter it was most naturally expected from which
hope of contributing to the settlement of a qaestione have
has already too long disturbed the public mind, ool('
imposed 'upon ourselves a task which we thinkas
have been spared us,.and present to our readers suchoil/
analysis of Mr, Bessemer's iron as we have b ,ef°
hoping to see published by that gentleman binise. those
specimen we have experimented upon pcss‘'sstotioss'
physical properties which, from repeated d''sc`^'-of $ll
the public are familiar with. The iron consists
sins,
agglutinated mass of large brilliant crystallinfleartenis%
possessed of a very imperfect malleability, ariabli
under the blow of a hammer, but almost Woof
cracking at the edges. It is wholly destitute of a Toted
structure, and only after having been repeatedilpertial
and drawn out in a smith's forge, exhibits the P7ood
of an inferior wrought iron. On analysis it was
have the following composition :—.
.•93.9
Iron
Phosphorus
Sulphur ...................................... . ..
0.0
Carbon ... trace
Silicon ..............................
........... . .........
100. W to,
;cal P h,
This composition is so accordant with the PhYs.-,0, its
perties of the iron that, the composition being Pting
chemist would have had no difficulty in pl;di"troctutrea
more marked characteristics. Its crystaline or.
•.;
and fusibility are very satisfactorily Chefaccount -chser„
order more exactly to illustrate the nature of ood a-t
effected by Mr. Bessemer'a treatment, 'We ,al,l3jishnieplii
analysis of refined iron prodUced at a large es,a-iocieht'd'
in the neighbourhood of Birmingham. We arf, It .Ift";
to the courtesy of Dr. Percy for' this analfeilir Pe-he
made in his laboratory by one of his assistants, 'd'epie,"
the iron was obtained only a few months ago, !io
regarded as representing the average conaPospi;,l9 tiele
fined iron as made at the present moment in
""
bourhood :—. v„,.14
Iron ... . .......... . ......... ........ . ................... 3.07
Carbon (combined) .............................. 001
Phosphorus OP
Silicon ..... . ......................................... •••• 0.151
Sulphur .................... . .................... ••• wee
Manganese .... . ...................... . .............. 0.53
Residue, insoluble in hydrochloric acid •••'",.---;
103,16'
„vie,"
The residue, insoluble'in'hydrochloric acid, 3
5i1ica................................................... 0.14
Alumina, with a little peroxide of ..... ....... '
0.44 t's
Ole
-gess ,sr
In contrasting the change effected by 1".1. iag
treatment with that of the refinery,
ticulars force themselves strongly upon our 11°,1,tie car,ll,
Bessemer's method removes most edectualli I,ot
the follece. s
fl
and the silicon, while in the refinery these are„erfee,tl,,-e
diminished. The carbon is eliminated with a ira baL,tia
which we should scarcely have thought poser
are without information as to the sacrifice a' by 'fa
has been effected ; the amount of iron 'oxidizes we eo,
vivid combustion which Mr. Bessemer indurliaill,,fie
unable to ascertain. The point which most the i",i-ot
strikes the chymist in Mr. Bessemer's iron l'„ ao3°;r's
amonnt of phosphorus which it contains---3&.5004
utterly fatal, we fear, to the value of Mr. spais -
t
pot
method. His treatment, we suspect. does too, or,
diminish the amount of this element.; but this,a,ssesi'pci
point on which we must be dependent on Mt'
We have hhd no opportunity of exa inin the slag reuoioiceit
in the treatment, but we learn fromm angeminent -no 5 1;
authori y that at least one sample of it -refitcontainsutet'e
Bible amount of phosphoric mil We have th era
explained that it is by the puddling 10"cesg cs
phosphorus and sulphur are mainly renaoved, the oraao
examination of the tap-cinder .of the puddlioi yet.
.4
disclosing an abundance of phosphoric acid 1"..,
far as we can learn, Mr: -Bessemer has dell'mpheri-ed
towards the removal of this pernicious element,Ph",vre6er
and in this impdrtant respect his process Inue'r- 13ess` re
as a failure. From the number of patents Nr,:,, apPl,O,
has commenced (one's° late as the 18th ult.) r jolt.°
virtually to confess the transition state of his fell
ments. e3(ei
In taking leave'of this subj.& we think We "-a'strec mar
predicate that_ t hree ironpec manufacturethy a-nh'ingwwi
in any essential
.has done. No one will more sincerely irlleirce'horniol‘tell;tl3atiellalltrel'rell
Improvement in the iron manufacture than 8!:
though we admit a preference for such imorove°3-,•tglaP::
not heralded by announcements of " revolutinn,ebeif
modestly propounded, and left to demonstrate 400 I°,o
portance by that quiet and cautious introdue`ritori°,o
practice whie4 generally characterises really melver Pot
inventions. We fear, however, that Mr. 13eri csritihif
lost his opportunity; the interest he hash wasted• 0100
be readily re-awaliened, and less reediir bIY, erries
another. Like the shepherd in the la ,' hmec„,e,
" Wolf, wolf!" when there was no wolf, and :• (1 en/
for help were unheeded when the marauder inae; 11 opo
Mr. Bessemer will find that any real improveme. '„is
hastiness
sr
ananalkweawntillef seuaffnetirnan nweigillehcte
afolorneve hic3,-;o3V-
to
Birmingham Journal

ADMIRALTY COURT:-.SATuBDA'

h
p
BEFORE DR. LUSHINGTON. go,,,tf
THE PANAGIA. HONG I:7.—PRIZ 134", g a
brig, with a cargo of wheat, sailing under GreL` iesty4,; of
captured on the 27th Nov., IEOS, by here elit'ioelte'rbod
Dauntless, for having attempted to break e,..3 fesstlio.
Odessa. The excuse of the mister was that utl the Pfr; for
sustained so much injury in crossing the bar 3.3" to 06.-11.0
mouth of the Danube, that he had been obliged pr, 14
Odessa in order to save the lives of his crew' egti°ll
ington ordered further proof. 4.,t1060,4,
THE EMPRESS.—POSSESSION.—SENTENCE' aril 110.m'gr
that arose in this case was whether Mr. Richargr. P'port/
of St. Mary's, Scilly, had given his see, the.p,
Newman, junior, power to sell the vessel ,"°Adelal Pr,'
proceeded against, Mr. R. C. Venn, c", the
Australia, who had given him 12,000 'lot 400
Lushington said the sale had been brougbt too, itosi°
fraudulent representations of Richard Neil% fae,treefer,
that he was the owner of the vessel. It ira°ll; eatllebt,'
effected by forgery and fraud, and such asa no 1:-ch
dives' the original owner of his tide. It sled fers
great misfortune to Mr. Venn to have P,:rneroll Ott
money ; that was a misfortune to which 13iffgou'01
liable who became the victims of forgerr an, se°4.o.,'
court must decree possession to Mr. Neicrn,:d; era
was certainly not a case for costs. i;;
NECESSAUIES.—SENTENCE. —The sole qttest':,-,,
was one relating to the jurisdiction of Topei.,lo;
necessaries having been furnished to the ves6et'the,',,wit
one), while she was laying in Simon's .135Y,.2,,iba
Good Hope. Dr. Lushington was of °PI:" elan"'
court had jurisdiction, and pronounced for tug •
Abel
r 00,980
THE AMERICAN GENERAL TOM Tlllllo',llo°Agrfabl4
of years this little General, so well known Oa ohro.
public, as the only perfectly-formed, talente ilingtvitionsd;
educated dwarf in existence, has been tray: esphAlbr. vto
the United States, and giving his interestioeooWefer„,
under the direction and supervision of f°„ornt.„isl
has concluded, prior to retiring to privewnfithe:P'earer
nay a visit to this country, and make a tour ",e'h th" to A
To recall the many happy hours spent,W2wiifilit pot
during his former visit, would only vu,„`for„ Ofr'oeve
readers a foretaste of the pleasure in sto,rl-hatevbals t °yr; .
visit to the exhibition of General Tonihicirellio-0
fail to please, not only the ladies and re., of 11- A 10
to convince others of the fact that the 1114:'" flow tal" $
sfersTed 116
sessed not only of a " feast of reason, bu"
He leaves New Y.,rk on the 10th, in th,,ch errl tio
preceded by his agent, Mr. C. L. West, '7°
orts oft; on;
week in the Baltic.
s The blue book recently published of the. Le:00:106
uts on the trade of foreign places furun," for -65 ""0
California and its gold and other productiollei, 18367,8 t
year. It appears that the total gold e%lll $ll, Off
£8,933,830 sterling, showing a falling °A, bet ''alervis
from 1854, and of £2,00j,000 from Ityiele'4s-110 0
supposed there was any redaction in t"" ja18"-8.55101
amount being retained for homy circulation jo 1 0
PIP Vet ars
the preceding years. The coinage at the The sl 004
£4,591,535, against £1,344,700 in 1854' ~,.,e of l,t,,ce-r
in the Mint is extracted from the gold, B°ruicksu„oooo
ing as much as 5 per cent. The exports°, glare 1'95,19„;
the New Almaden Mine again (xhibited ato
The exports last year were 29,917 fiee11810011isrlarii8;41r104;
against 20,963 flasks in 1854, and
New Almaden, which is about 70 miles fled, 1)1400110
is at present the only quicksilver mine wor
The
three others have been discovered in the coast
p"'eriod.
and are expected to be opened at an••etrtite tr/nede°ttl of °'
most extraordinary fact in connection vn „ indeP tea c°,l
State is, that it has already not only bec01.13_,!5 opormott.
but nscargoes °floe
foreign supplies of grain and flour,
siderable quantities to Australia, and soot eerier
to Liverpool, which have been found of
,5.10.0114
Barley and oats have likewise been Shippea

SMOKE PREVENTION BY A NEW PROCESS.
;41°1Vhe subject of smoke consumption, or, which is better,
0 prevention, has recently occupied considerable attention,
",.(1 it is to be hoped that some practical advance has been
'''s.ae towards supplying facilities for the mitigation, at least, if
tot the
entire removal of the smoke nuisance. We have had
Zr!,ccasion to notice several mechanical contrivances, which were
reffective in graduating the admission of air into the fur.-
,thcei but the plan we have now to describe is entirely of a
~;i"ical character. On Friday a series of experiments took
i,}4,-e, conducted at the extensive plant of the patentee, Mr.
1011.48 llohnes, of the Irwell bleachworks, Pendleton, near
Pr. ri,„e,,,later• Here some of the real difficulties to smoke
hietev47tt°ll occur, and we believe that Mr. Holmes has
stsket_f only escaped prosecution for the nuisance his
created, by showing how really desirous he was of
withintid b
O n gist,i so soon as he found the practical means to be
reach. It has long been found that in dye houses
aticii,"zicachworke, where there are a number of small fires, in
appron to those of the furnace, and all communicating with
iacral flue, that mechanical arrangements are not of easy
Illkaeatiltleeatrtifi°r.os°.ften ()win to the confined space occupied by the
This circumstanceg seems to present no impedi-
Ivork, °,41" Pan now patented by Mr. Holmes. At his
the ; ftres were burning, used for the boiling of the keers,
IsliateNcing stoves, and the large boiler furnace. No change
di E.:re'. is made in the furnace or fire doors, but imme-
-4144;71 after coaling, a few spadefuls of an inexpensive
1 51
compound are thrown over the fire. The effect.
liehe_crY decisive. A volume of dense black smoke is
er:4 7ieded
th, 'l7 what has much the appearance of steam, and
absorb reduced in quantity. The material is supposed to
tee4r,"_the carbon `shish might otherwise escape, and the flame
tipped brilliantly white. The process has not been con-
Mike] a sufficient length of time to arrive at the exact saving
!sit ,;e1)," it is supposed to be equivalent to the cost of the
"`ber%l' used, while the refuse ashes are expected to have
,;),Potte,°, as a manure. There were present during thrt
'Llatime,nt, Mr. S. Heelis (mayor of Salford), Mr. Thomas
mr• Thomas Cooke, Mr. Joseph Armitage, Mr. Josh.
tott--, tow,
clerk of Manchester and Mr. Myerscough, of
v'ioiet4ea. 1110 fires were replenished, and the dense smoke
givee-b- forth from the chimney, but when directions were
Itch Y anY of the spectators to " cut off," the. change was reNt.as to
Ofelicit expressions of general satisfaction with th.e
,aka was arranged to repeat the experiments at the mill
;4> fit. `anah Armitage, Pendleton, on Saturday, and yester•
'lctory4-,°°°o, about c the process was tested at the
the Oxford road Twist Company, Manchester,

DARING BURGLARY.
At th -
Alle, i,e Worship street Police Court, London, on Saturday.
l'tetC,,,:ntarriaont F n Roden and Thomas Finnerty, were
1.'4 Vt'l bofore Mranllaymmill fo; final examination, on a ch!rge
14411.:tgreePtl,uonedoetrgeed, the house of Mr. Henry Constantine,
George's terrace, Dalston R'se, of £3O, in money,
Alf o. Plate, jewellery, and other property, to the value of
It,ts 424 the 9th of:October last, the prosecutor, with is
't t1:1:1- laLnily, left the premises in question under he care
of
to b.rlt natned prisoner, who enjoyed the entire con
.t
of
iltt -"'ster, and on their return he found the whole sui e
),.. 4? ernstehilt' h 34 been plundered of everything easily converted
i'tli h;,, ,_ The plated articles bore the marks of aqua fortie,
:Nlti 'leen ap lied as a test. The place, indeed, was on
'Nit i:,' "esolationp and no trace could be found of the girl,
l'eces rf,a,"is, an active detective officer of the N division,
°°lvicia" in taking her at Woolwich. She confesse e
du eige of the robber to the commission of whili she was
I,ll° Other Yield,i as allegedy by her, at the instigation of the
tk: 'Nets P '
Wpsioners and d ainsaeccoanbd
fromm an , not yet discovered.
the house, and she
4i4 I?4t oeen eheerenavcec3o.emplices since. The officer, by her
li "'on
° 'p!. ; Proceeded to Edward street, Kingsland. road, where
IliNt3, el:ended Rod and Finnarty, who denied the coro-
'4ieg- ' rlt a vastnumberßoden
of duplicates relating to linen and
110,44 4,
~f'll'ilY nse were found in the room where they
, ha Pan which prosecutor swore to, on their production
:,look r'vabrokers as his own. The prisoner Harrison made
1101-t-t4telllent relative to the other prisoners wishing er to
i4t,,,,e'1l to tie her to the bedpost, that on her master's
'4 th..` rnight appear she had no participation in the robbery,
It4ir,glhl4,,!h° positiv ly fused to do, and proceeded toThr-
P,ietoller-e744We!_trh. one ofe -three men whom she called " George," but
Q.' !tete 7 ted her. The
.case being now completed, all the
f4loos . Zero fully committed for trial at the Middlesex
yr. 4, the , t it was found necessary to separate. Harrison
'l'llat her°tners, who exhibited a most acrimonious feeling

PRIGIITFUL COLLISION AT SEA.
ba •
111/ 4114 .4as°ll, mate, and James Crowther, seaman, the
Arylvors of the crew of the brig Messenger, of Shiels,
at th
Lellsel , -at port on Saturday night from Hartlepool, thatt.
111 teatiying been run down and sunk by the James liar
fl "1", at five o'clock that morning, and the master
'Et
„ve of the
thin'iravese _ crew drowned. It seems that the Messenger
e, ate lid on Thursday afternoon at two o'clock for the
‘`,lande men While off Seaham, running at nine knotsanhouor.,
tteine eel the look-out saw a large steamer coming to
the `R., and with a view of running under the hi
t‘i° h,,stearner had ported her helm, but unfortunately
-41:..11-siotheert.a.raidships, and cut her down to the wa er
lie Ivor. ung began itni!tediat.el.y to sink, and the two
"ad Only time to jump into the steamer, when the
IN ant .
sot two lads bodily, taking the master, thr.ee seamen,
the kit 11;a down with her. The steamer, it is said, did
tO %," a boat to try to save the drowning men, and
st 7:-ellae that can be made for those on board is, that
ttletv-I,\"tri down with their exertions in a frightfu
of Pi had
encountered in the Baltic, the master having
r aaYa and four nights on deck.

A MATRIMONIAL QUARREL.
toik, t the n
4,, t, of 1.-,
Batchelor, his
I° - '4ildhall, Londo;Ton—Fridav, William Storey, a
eiltek,, 4`40. 62 Fleet-street, and James
W.
Carden,
,_-4ro, 7,", Were summoned before Sir Robert
41tortcte4,Z8:ithunhaving committed an assault on Mrs.mr. SRtiohrteoyn
leh,lle defel , ~ appeared for Mrs. Storey,
the c
14Y:rated fuoants. In this case
Abeol!'l h• crorh her husband about omplaainndant had been
- 'or a tElicreceleysieaaszalancdousrlite.
14
Th._ maintenance.in the
ttt`,4 his v,"?! that the judgeunfortu-
ell ty, Lot ire home, but as
tdheeeirre etdetuthpaetrsNwl re.re, Storey was
INher .
°lt h °f tt congenial character, Mr. Storey
did not
dition that she
111 eY him".Rolpea a week on . aeed to
0 tik --• ih his business and did not incur any duringdebtssreement
Its e that h
that allowance.
tio4 ept on ,_ o.rnsde her_
teOf *hi..,.oto.tratt sides for about 18 months, Tahtitstahaneeeesapwierare-
week.
krec4 teduZi 1 e Mr. Storey said his circumstances
, ftrid he
d certain
dtlit.A took could only allow his wife Imslss a
le `‘, fal. Ns surn for several months, bductoirancpuerirleed
to
pay.
Leapt, *lll4 Mr. Storey was sued an is 41101%4 of having to pay this money helaagstainanreddfiuncedd. tlcalie ~,4iee to 12s 6d. per week since May
tog 41101
iii;sul,1111” live upon that, she went on
_Tuesday last
ihazotirov:a a house, and having entered the sittingpo
EitqpNr, Eiterted her intention of remaining there:
rs.
144411, roils!! called in the olive,_hop-
PHethen called up hhis
rs
hipliyind t0,,,v1!0 interfere.
the but they knowing M
and
her
his
liiire get 0ia,41111 to take chair from under
The
4h0.! 40r ~,',_u! the house. He then said she was n
llotta4o, b:'„Tpe young lady present his daughter.. thelt her, lr, r. Storey's direction,tirs took the chair
outfrom
, and thrust hertsof
were
:le 3 "ie. ` •j
gweads her down dtohwisn
assaultea the defensdiarn
Robert
to' tell the bar to answer the charge.
N 4: 111.? several times urged the patwrtiieees comeotoonsol
ted
iglarmilla oNeruent, and Mr. Ribton 044,-' tho 'en% and at length declared thaaltdetrhmonung,h he
e`o 'it ; 4ole opinion as the worthy
lieteTliewi;tilovite.,in3possible. that any terml
st
e e-
e,
Nitt 4,ied . Lur a case having been comp d
eno assault com-
nmldr.bßibton
tr 4 NI, for‘o contend that there had been
enter his house.r
411:1'ller 1111:11"g as Mrs. Storey received an an allowance
4,r151,e theus.'!a.laved she bad
dnoheriraht
d a right toseile-ettoedo.
to, i. I he
ti4s..t,
nsoparnssoerre,
war had 4 "
till de il et been shown that n
avinolence than waso
a 'y violence
for her removal,
lenneccees
wrays
4iti!lierefer boy" used
of an assault.
ther'ebert4,,e the ddefewnhcleatntwsaswerreeqnuiostitegnilty
, a right
be,.., ~„4 w. Carden thought Mrs. Storey. had
ao.,th teer husband's home was,
vrever 'ell' the decree of the Ecclesiastical Court, for
broken it,
4.q th,rtkrd to th
mr. Storey had...
that
It k ef°,
she he agreement, .
inh q 11„
,a ane was not bound by 1 •
d itself into
t Mr.wßasibthoenrssaiapls,o;r.
Ile oration. `,°°k that 'e f the case, it resolve _
b inr tried
Nte 0n; %law andih:we Id prefer the case lei; fully
041 e- kr trial obteathe neat sessions of thein .
tilillitt
d-
°I
the'.
Theou defendants were Ce re c'utt, but
his
aele_ eohie_ were d
to bail, Mr. Centralta Cri-
and
s /1/4,.., but
in 4100, and one surety, £5O.
SintoLrelyoo
Ivo‘ "`'aeloi..L........_____in his own recognisance or
lee'„'l tiro • ,
----------
years
Plth4tg.the ilkornied that Mr. Hall, who has
aitlet. h °Qt. La
Inspector in charge of the metropolitan
many
fhis severe
ooei;.ea, lete,_teaigted his office in consequence. of his
public
ie,,ette folteo.. will prevent him from attending
t:th'wotaisati47B4l4ezot
mintoextso coimnei.3
LEGION
411;,1.Ni43,0°1.1ag Since expressed by the
of HoNornih—eThe
Emperor that the a highlt
,kid },lti th„, iof London (Mr. Salomons) should h
Majesty's sense,
Nit,kt n; rgiou of Ilono.ur to mark his
tikti lu tc' the French nation ' of the part
the inun-
thc!te 'errccent sub '' ' for the victims of d
the LoidMayor
th r, kt is u_ , acription
tide
t, Nualt ii,ceier2..itood that the.ve _ a or
to
4i!it4ileet, "d,
.._ Versigny, received
.t
Fdrencchnm.kmmu
f i has since appearren,
Cllt 1; Preain 43 no notfict!tion o tertian d
to ' y vs. e that theta trict rule of the English gov.e. -
from receiving
tl4 ttikn 'MI %Well subjects are debarred .
ethis decoratio
military
td kpertieuiar Ilea:rept for
h late
4>or Will be unliblee
h dhered to, and that t e
services, will, even
tao enjoy the distinction.

[ADVERTISEMENT.]
COTTON PACKING IN AMERICA.

From the New York Journal of Commerce, Nov. 19, 1856.
Messrs. Editors,—You have published the address of
the American Chamber of Commerce, the Board of Cotton
Brokers at Liverpool, to the Chambers of Commerce at
Charleston, Savannah, Mobile, and New Orleans, in rela-
tion to the evil of false packed cotton.
_ _

That address is all in their own favonr, as it is well
known spinners have twelve months' license to make a
claim, for what they call false packed. This claim can
only be enforced on this side of the water, when each
and every mark on the bale can be given ; and, as in many
cases, this cannot be done, the loss falls on the last ship-
per. A large dealer in cotton informed the writer, many
months ago, that he had paid over $5OO for false packed
cotton, and could not recover, because he had not all the
various marks required. How this evil is to be remedied
the Liverpool savans do not tell us. It is not a fraud;
for often samples of cotton show two qualities, and it is
sold by the poorest, and value paid for the same accord-
ingly. My remedy would be, that the purchaser have the
cotton examined on the day of sale, and take care that it
is well examined, and let him reject any not equal to
sample. If bought on speculation, he should have no
redress, unless claimed within two weeks after delivery.
There are, however, evils of much greater magnitude
prantised in Liverpool, which the argus-eyed Chamber
of Commerce have overlooked. I allude to the mode of
sampling the cotton. In America tho cotton is sampled
on the side.

viz., I I—l I I
and a fair sample we consider it,
as it is from the middle of the bale. Now, allow the bale
to be cut as in the cut, between ropes, on each side, and
you will, no doubt, get good and fair samples. In Liver-
pool, however, they rip the end of the bales, and take
samples out of the ends, by drawing a piece of one of the
layers of cotton. Now, any one conversant in pressing
cotton, knows that the end of every bale is the last thing
sewed up, after the bale has been roped, rolled nut of the
press, and takes up all the dust of the house, as it comes
in contact with it. This mode of sampling often makes
cotton rank worse than it really is, and the spinners get
the advantage, if any.
Again, all ropes are cut off, before weighing, but two.
In this country, a bale is not in good order unless there
are five ropes. These ropes are sold, but never appear in
the account of sales. It is, indeed, hard to lose the dif-
ference in weight; but to be robbed of the rope is adding
injury to injury.
Again, all loose patches and loose cotton also are picked
off, and put aside and sold. The poor shipper neither
sees nor hears any more of that, and his account sales
show a heavy loss, whilst his consignee pockets at least
iOd per bale sterling.
Will the Chamber of Commerce at Liverpool, in their
anxiety to look after the honesty of the planters, factors
dealers and shippers iu America, turn their thoughts
home, before taking the mote out of our eyes, and adopt
a uniform method of sampling, as is practised in the
markets to whom their address is given, and let the con-
signees allow no claim without every mark—planter's and
county mark—is specified on the certificate. Add unto
account sales the proceeds of the ropes, pickings, &c , and
endeavour not to make two commissions, one by pecula-
tions and the other legitimate. Also, use for weighing,
the beam, as in this country, and not the old 56 weights;
allowance for draught, tare and tret, which are now obso-
lete, exc3pting in Old England.
In fine, let them do their best to make the customs and
practie, s of both countries harmonise, and they will then
get their claims for false packing more cheerfully paid by
the COTTON SHIPPERS.