The Express.
London, England, 1868-06-30 00:00:00

CANDIDATES AND PLEDGES.

The TYstes would say to liberal constituencies casting
about for representatives,—" Choose, if you can, men
already tried on the political stage, who have public per-
formances to show for themselves. When the case does
not admit of this, measure your candidates rather by
what, in times past, they have said or done, or have been
known, or thought to be, in their city or county or calling,
rather than by that which they now promise. Being ap-
plicants for your favour, inquire after their personal cha-
racter, capacity, knowledge, experience; sift their motives
for seeking a seat in Parliament, but do not put
professions into their mouths ; rather let them state their
own views in their own way. Will they heartily co-
operate with the liberal movement as a whole ? Will they
give their time and attention to public business? Ara
their opinions neither crochety nor adopted offhand? If
so, then, though on particular subjects they may have
opinions which are not your opinions, you may trust that,
left free to act, they will render better service both to you
and to the liberal (mum than those who come before you
with their minds made up on all points in rigid conformity
with some pattern of orthodoxy, whether that orthodoxy
be of moderate or extreme liberalism."

THE THANE. EMBANKMENT.—The third portion
of the Thames embankment on the Middlesex side of the
river was commenced yesterday under the direction of
Mr. Cooke, who manages the contract for Mr. W. Web-
ster. The work extends from the Temple to Blackfriare-
bridge, and although there arc many engineering clinical_
ties in the way, the undertaking must be completed in a
year according to the terms of the contract. The section
of the embankment in the neighbourhood of Huugerford-
bridge seems to be much more backward than recent offi-
cial promises led the public to believe it would be.
QUEKETT MICROSCOPICAL CLUB.—At the ordi-
nary meeting, held at University College on Friday even-
ing, Mr. Arthur E. Durham, F.L.S., president, in the
chair, thirteen new members wore elected, ten gentlemen
were proposed for membership, and numerous presents
were announced. Several interesting communications
were also received from societies on the continent and in
America. A paper on " Tobacco" was read by Mr.
Archer, in which he entered into the particulars of the
growth, culture, and preparation of the plant, as well as
its structure, constituents, manufacture, and adulterations ;
the subject being illustrated by a fine specimen of a living
Want, numerous dried samples, and some well-executed
drawings. At the close of the meeting, the president an-
nounced that the annual meeting of the club would he
held on July 24, and the proceedings terminated with a
convervarione, at which a variety of interesting microsco-
pic objecbi were exhibited.
THE WRECK OF THE EF..NAREB.--SILANORAI,
JIIIIS B.—All the treasure and 213 bake of silk have been
saved from the Benarce. The Eller* is still by the wreck.
Some hopes arc entertained of saving the Bemires and the
remainder of the cargo. The silk has been much damaged
by the salt water.
HOMELESS AND DESTITUTE CH I LDREN. —A
Grand Bazaar will be held this day, to-morrow, and
Thursday at the Hanover-spuire-rooms, in aid of the
funds of the Refuges and the training-ship Chichester.
The bond of the Coldstrerun Guards will perform, and the
infant pianist., Mies Sophia Flora Heilbron, " who has
played before all the crowned head: of Europm," will also
perform gratuitously for the benefit of the charity.
iforninian's tea is sold M. per ponnd cheaper as
the duty la reduced. This Interesting fact will, when tally oerri.
even ftrtber increase the demand for those skates teas. Hord-
inea'a am net sold loose. but only in signed Ifornisesa
and Co., original impostors of the pure tea" vartimenen4l

The endowments of the chapter and the creation
of the order of poor knights dated from the pm-
ceding reign, and the motives leading to both are
set forth with much frankness in the letters patent
of Edward 111., dated Pith August. 1348:
" Beosiobia. a good way of mer-
cliiiidise , this ingteadoto deteramsk
"whereby with a happy bartering transitory
things are exchanged for eternal," so a certain
chapel " magnificently begun by our progenitors
in honour of St. Edward the Confessor," should be
finished " at our royal charge," and canons and a
custom, as well as twenty-four poor knights, shall
be perpetually maintained of the goods of the said
chapel. The latter class were to be " impotent of
themselves or inclining to poverty," and were to
be paid "out of our exchequer" such an annual
sum as " together with the profita of the said
churches shall seem sufficient and honest for their
diet, and the support of the burdens incumbent on
them, according to the decency of their condition."
We have seen how the knights complained, and
were complained of, in the reign following that of
their founder; and similar disputes broke out be-
tween them and the dean and canons soon after
the accession of Henry V. " The dean and
canons, on some pretence or another, with-
held the daily distributions," and John.
Archbishop of York, Lord Chancellor of England,
and visitor of the Windsor College, in the tenth
year of Henry VI., ordered the arrears to be paid,
and directed that in case the treasurer of the col-
lege became negligent, he was to be mulct of his
own " quotidiana, which were to be divided
among the knights. But the lay and clerical ele-
ments were soon disturbed again, and when
Edward IV. was on the throne, a complete se-
paration was effected by the latter class. In the
statute incorporating the King's charter to the
college, and passed in the 22nd year of his reign,
care was taken to omit all mention of the poor
knights, the plea being that the King had greatly
increased the number of ministers of the chapel,
so that the revenue was not sufficient to maintain
them as well as the knight& How the
latter subsisted when thus cut off from
" the quotidian, portions, and fees" assigned
them by Edward 111. does not, says Ash-
mole, " fully enough appmr." They peti-
tioned in vain for the repeal of the statute when
Henry VII. came to the throne, although they
had then in their ranks people who had been of
high standing and repute. The character of those
belonging to the institution was modified at this
ptriod. Hitherto the poor knights, or alms-
knights, had been invariably men of valour in the
field, who, after good service, had fallen into
poverty. The " impotent themselves" was lite-
rally true so far as the ordinary burdens of
citizent.hip were concerned. Nor was this class
totally excluded now. The brave Sir Robert
Champlityne, who had fought nobly against the
Turk, was an alms-knight; but many had joined
the order out of devotion rather than poverty,
such as Lodowick Carly, the king's physician ;
Thomas Huhn° Clarenceux, lung-at-arms;
Westly, afterwards second baron of the
exchequer; and others. The next important
change in the condition of the alms-knights was
made by Elizabeth. Their number had dwindled
down to nine in the reign of her sister; and while
conferring the appointment of these, she made up
the number to thirteen, according to the terms of
Henry VIII.'s will. She also devised fresh rules
for their maintenance and governance, which rules
were in force up to Ashruole'a time—perhaps up to
to-day. Their annual allowance was made 181.
to be paid by the Dean of Windsor, together with
a gown or coat of rod cloth, and a blue or purple
mantle, with the badge of St. George embroidered
on the left sleeve. James I. subsequently
doubled the inoomo of the knights, by granting
them each another 181.35. to be paid annually outof
the exchequer, and an account of the expenses of
Windsor Castle in Elizabeth's time contains this
item :—" Poor knights of Winclaore, 10, fee apoece,
and their howses rent-free 61. 13s. 4d., " which
may be taken as a supplementary perquisite to the
first grant. The " 'Poore knightes lodginges"
extended from the Lieutenants' Tower to the
gateway built by Henry VIII., and wore erected
in the reign of Philip acd Mary, at a cost of 2,7471.
7s. (id.

A bequest amounting to 4W. a year each to five
poor knights of Windsor was =dein 1631, and a suit
in Chancery against a dilatory executor followed.

The inauguration of the Luther monument
attracted to the small town of Worms sufficient
visitors to fill a large capital. As many as 90,000
people were present, who of course could not be
lodged in the town, and had to seek shelter as
well as they could in the villages of the neigh-
bourhood. Besides the Kings of Prussia and
Wurtemberg, and several of the minor German
Protestant princes, about 2,000 clergymen bad
arrived from all parts of Germany and Switzer-
land, and even from France, England, and Ame-
rica. The festivities were rather of a serious than
a gay character. The great services of Luther and
the reformers who preceded or followed him were
extolled in sermons and speeches. An
.English
clergyman spoke vehemently against Puseps.m, and
charged the Bishop of Oxford with betraying the
cause of the Reformation. The most remarkable
speech was that of the mayor of the town, a
catholic, as are three-fourths of the population.
When the monument was made over to the care of
the municipality of Worms, he accepted it as a
national gift, and praised the manly spirit shown
by Luther at the Diet when he declared, "
lan sot beak cdoweiztoed ; I cannot retract • . hsek I
am ; I cannot change; may God sestet me9P' ibis
historical fact, which has changed the aspect of
Europe, deserved to bo commemorated by- a na-
tional monument. Even those nations who have
not adopted his religious tenets enjoy their blessings ;
for he has put down the despotism which forbade
free thought, and he gave back to every nation the
right to bring common sense to bear on religious
matters. Ilia translation of the Bible induced
people to learn to read ; schools and academies
came into existence, and in his own time he was
considered the German Cicero. The monument
itself is a great success. The statue of Luther is
ten feet high ; by his side are his two protectors—
the Elector of Saxony and the Landgrave of
Hesse. The next group shows Huss, Savonarola,
Wicklif, Waldus, Idelaucthon, and Reuchlin, and
the symbolic statues of the towns in which the
leading eventa took place--Spires where the protest
was made which gave the name to protestantism,
Augsburg, where the first peaceable settle-
ment was arrived at, and Magdeburg,
the last sufferer and victim of the League.
The King of Prussia, the hereditary prince, and
the other princes left when the ceremony was
over; but in the evening a telegram arrived from
the King, from Mentz, stating that he had just
received a telegram from Queen Victoria, request-
ing him to congratulate the committee in her
name, and to assure them that protestant England
sympathised with the festival of the protestant
princes and people of Germany. The report was
enthusiastically received, and the English National
Anthem was sung by the splendid chorus, to
which all the vocal societies of the neighbouring
towns had sent their best members. The fes-
tivities closed in the best harmony, and,
though there were neither police nor military, not
the least disorder occurred. The railway com-
panies had plenty of business on their hands, still
they managed it without any accident. The only
drawback were the large :umber of pie.kpoekets
who had come from all parts, and who victimised
many a clergyman.
Next morning King William held a review in
this town, where he stopped until the evening,
fraying then for Berlin. To the burgomaster ho
gave the gratifying assurance that he tuuk the
liveliest interest in the welfare of this town ; and
we may hope therefore to arrive at a satisfactory
settlement of the monetary affairs yet pending
between the state and the corporation.

FENIAN PLACARDS IN PRESTON.—During Satur-
day night a placard bearing the heading, " I. It. Message
from the Supreme Council of the Irish Republic to the Irish
polite," was posted in various parts of Preston. The
placards, which have been pasted over or torn down since,
contained a long exposition of the wrongs and sufferings
of the Irish people, and wound up in an inflammatory
exhortation for them to unite and work together for the
furtherance of the work of freeing Ireland. The placard
was subscribed, "By order of the Executive Council.
Dublin, ISGS. God save Ireland."
ASSAULT LY A RAILWAY CARRIAGE. The
Liverpool police magistrates were engaged yesterday in
investigating a charge of indecent assault against a re-
tably attired young man, who gave the name. of
George Shaw, and who stated that he was a commercial
traveller from Manchester. It appears that yesterday
morning while a train was passing down the tunnel from
Edge-lane to Lime-street, the prisoner indecently as-
saulted a Mrs. Carter. The offence was proved, and •
fine of 51. and costs, or two months' imprisonment, in-
flicted.

MISS RYE'S EMIGRANTS TO CANADA.—On the
11th June 60 of the 100 girls taken out to Canada by Miss
Rye arrived at Toronto under the charge of that lady.
The Tereeto GloebEgleatle that though they did not appear
equal in bodily to the ideal English servant, they
were eagerly for domestic service at good wages.
The government emigrant agent, who met them at the
station, said he was sure he could find occupation for a
thousand, so numerous were the applications he had
received.

DR. DE JOIOH'R LIMIT-DROWN COD Liven
t)..-of all the recognised remoslins for Most areetiOnlie DOM aro
sn CeiabrieWS as this unrivalled prem.-at on. Dr. Waudby, physb
can to the Hereford Inlnsiory. writes Not only in my own
ewe, but an many others I have seen, Dr. do Jongh's Oil ham canoed
an iscpaiviment of cheat symptoms, and an Memos of weight. 40
mon and so histingly, as to be quite remarkable. I holism it to be
the most v►luable remedy no pumas, for chronic andeonstitutioaal
dimmer." gold only In cagoule& imperial half-pinta. la id- ; Pinta.
to. ; quart., Is ;by all ebourdsts. Idle consignees, Anew, Hat-
lutd. tad Co., V, :trend, Londas—ictilvertioesnult.l