The Express.
London, England, 1850-12-28 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 28, 1850. I

in mkt, &Mee, elaborates the Indictees from all events.
bat snowed at the Wanes of the oiliness of Lowden.. who
threw up the, fort is Hydeepark, the jest at whieh royalists
mold lassie under Chula 11. was no joke to the cavali.m
of Charles I. The very w_omen shored the enthusiasm, and,
as the breveted heed allsdad to dap-
111anata nit Mtnth boa sail imalia,
r tome& ddom la ;
idea ramali Oats as, at hands,
AM pat the maw *aka&
has hullo Ova amarairletim imam
Leann lit attosieaatal,
Para albs* *Woo and Yolk
Lad WO the mm to lla Ike moles.
One elreurastrase that toads to impress us with the Idea of I,
the solitary chuseter of Byierpark mad its environs, when "
compared with 80. James's-park, dories the reigns of the
last Stuarts sod the Bret sovietism of the present dynasty,
is its being frequently selected, in common with the then
lonely fields behind Moutsge•house, now the British
Museum, es the scene of the more inveterate class of duels.
The pistol duel in which Wilkes was serenely wounded
. warred in firds.park. Has, too, the fatal duel in which
the Doke of Hundion and Lord Mahon (November, 171)
fell, and their teaches were wounded, took place. Swift
i enables.* to flu with precision the locality of this last et nt :
. he says, in his " Joamal to Stalls," " The duke was helped
I t towards the Cake bouts by the Ring in Hyde-park, where
, they fought, and died on the grass before he could reach the
t hoot."

tax: direalises to waiter be Oita* leg
veau Mol? , wi: theinction, 41 thriendret gpris.
ill
•fraper forth
the • at whist they an boded; In the wag-
,ll,ts es sub of CSTIBISII.Ii.:11=11:141r4. s
'4. thee- " "of wltril t'll'e goods me themisall:
ten, t it *Ocularly &drab% that upon hags& and helms
being phased le the yea fee reason!, each peaking should
have the name of the satiam written kith", therm, so that
apes he animal at the Great Exhibition it may at once 1
restive a Maths number sad be conveyed to its berth.
" Upon the exensiaation of the packages, each wish
Ueda to duty, and thus also upon which then may be
'taught, is to have a ticket attached to it, with the rota.
tins number of the pack's', and the rotation number
of the article ; thus, Ne. .r, N 0.7, Na I.;, and so on,
the upper figures denoting the Dumber of the peck-
er, and the lower the number of the article cut of the
parings ; but should then be tickets already attached to the
artists, u it is expected there will be, the numbers an to
IEI E 4 thereon, either on the face or bask, without &-
the exhiblves mark. The ticketing and aunbering
fres of daty to be dispensed with.
"That all warehousing sights, upon which packages have
been landed and forwarded to the Great Exhibition, be pre-
bend, and *pedal bond intend into within sans days of
Ifs final exhibition of inch eonsignment, for the ditty to
which the goods is each consigement are liable, • ...ding
to the number, weight, or declared vales as the saes may be
—the declared value being *pinned of by the landing sue.
' veyor for that purpose, and It Is to be understood that,
I should the declared value for duty, at the close of the Ils•
1 halation, appear to the Man to be insufficient, the matter
Its to be submitted for the consideration of the board.
"That the consignee or agent puling the perfuted eight
do give over with the warrant a duplimte, tolls paint as I
Ito the bond officer for the preparation of the bead, he the I
mount of duty to which the article' are Hebb, museals. 1
to their number, weight, or value, as sit forth is die per-
Meted bill of sight, wig& is to be noted by the proper'
officers of the lootroots, showing that the bond has been
nented.
" That, at the elms of the Exhibition, all goods not cleared
by payment of duty or LA exportation within a month from
the day of cloMag, use to be removed to • bonded warehouse,
and there fall under the usual regulations, the disposal of
such being recorded in the ledgers of the controller qf wart-
hoagies amounts at the Exhibition; and, under no pretext
whatever, will goods be allowed to be removed from the
building beton the clods( of the Exhibition!'

thin
es:sample of this is riowltthit.„:"
oethi:r abtutbtati backnf west
molt
of
Li,
14
THE EEHIBITION AND THE FARMERS. I• .
nr din;
:h: I
summern n s
oft rlume t9i
fah situations sudden wale, or behind
I
changes of temper ~ theits.
[gum the agrandoreal Casette of this day.]
eonneeted with the Great Exhibition of 1851 have been able ewymirgrr. New 7,elene 1.;
Now that the various local committees and officials
well known to be tender
to sum up the applications for space, it appeers that the
total toted eseeri,.
the north of a ruined wail In Pth oo
demands far exceed any amount of supply which her Ma- I rase remarked that the upper pert eq- it
jetty's Comminioners can give; for although they have lately from the sun j bet about three, fourths it
wit—.ll,l "404
agreed to grant as additional gallery of 46,000 annuli nal
was perfectly screened. On the apps Grit Mood
feet, making a total of 220,000 superfiee I feenine a try
—a- —t of floor and found that the part exposed to the sus'44
counter space, yet the amount demanded by exhibitors, who of the wall, while the parts below the was killed to the 1,
, number, we may observe, about 8,200, is 420,000 superficial even in colour. The pl t eve. were tiethsn,..%
an grew vigorously • ti
feet of floor end counter, so that we have a definency of mains where it was originally planted, n rt.
200,000 sups/file Net. This defalcation, however, may be will undergo the same fate a. before.' Whenend
h"
counterbalanced to a certain extent, fir the space demanded the of fuchsia., „radii.,tree 4",,•add the,
of wall for Imaging articles on is only 200,000 eupeificial feet, coming so generally well koown, it seem.
end we believe considerably more than this amount can be that, the vitality of plants and ane:l.',",,, 7' to doubt
given, se that mac things for which counter-room been Name methods of treatment which are know' ;eam
rr9a„l.to
aemanded may be exhibited to little lees advantage probably in the one case are equally effectual in the on,' itr°
on the wall. that this great truth will not be forgetter Let us
k
The above deficiency of space certainly Indicates more readers during the winter and cold 4" el
before
than favourably for the great enterprise, and the manner .prior that :a--4
in which it is to be supported by the spirited emula-
tion of all nations. This was to be anticipated, although
not perhaps to the extent now described. Intending
exhibitors themselves were sensible that disappointments
to • certain extent would be realised when they made
their application; still, although this is true, yet is this
case, as in all others, the evil hour is invariably post-
poned to the last for consideration ; and, new that results
are known, and the work of selection and rejection about to
commence, many grave questions insinuate themselves upon
the mind by no means quietly to be disposed of. Inventore
are generally fond of their own offspring, mennfacturers of
their handiwork, and merchants of their purchases, but by
all sacrifices obviously must now be made. The work of
'election therefore is • very important and responsible one—
doubly so in the cue of unwonted inventions ; so that com-
plaints may be expected, groundhog, no doubt, in many in-
stances, but too well founded probably in some.
Our object in introducing this subject at present before our
readers is not to discuss the individual interests of exile
bitors, but to confine our remarks es much as possible to
the general interests of agriculture. The question which we
wish answered is this: such being the °elicitor y of space
in the immense building now being erected in Hyde-park,
how is the interest of the farmer likely to be affected by it?
Of all classes of the Community, at present, he stands the
most in need of awash:is' and mechanical inventions to assist
him, for his difficulties ere of more than ordinary character.
Indeed, the vast majority are now agreed that it is worse
than useless' and chimerical for him to look anywhere else
than to energetic. personal efforts for assistance ; and Le may
therefore look with some interest on what the whole repro-
tented industry of the humen family, as collected in Hyde.
park, 1851, 'hall be able to do for him. Now, if the wants
of the farmer are greater than thou of the other classes, it
is but reasonable to suppose that his demands for space in
this exhibition have also been greater—a conclusion which
we apprehend will be found a true one, although we have
been unable as yet to ascertain it as • fact. We have no
reason, however, to suppose anything to the contrary, for
agricultural chemistry and mechanics, of late years, have
been making lose strides in the march of improvement, and
will re quire ample opportunity to develop their full propor-
tions. As regards the heavy machinery for threshing and
other agricultural operations, though these may exhibit
much sameness in contrivance, yet it cannot be denied that
very inferior articles sometimes °cations important din
conceits by mechanical minds, and that the best judges, ax.
erciaiug the work of selection and rejection, are liable to
eeroi, especially when the articles to be compared are miles
asunder from each other, so that loins may be sustained,
end justice done unintentionally to intending exhibitor and
the farmer.
Under such circumstance., therefore, is it possible to sug-
gest any scheme which will secure individually and collec-
tively the interests of all parties connected with agriculture ?
We think a practical scheme readily offers itself, I,:r there
Is as abundance of space in the park, immediately adjoining
the upper end of the building, sufficient to accommodate
every article connected with either home nr foreign agricul-
' tare, which mar be rejected, and if an additional 81. or Is.
were demanded for admission into this department, it would
I defray the expense of erecting a temporary building, such as
that used at the Royal Aericultural Society's summer exLi.
hitions. All, therefore, that is nee( Ferry toward, the orga-
nisation of such • scheme, is for the Agricultural Society to
enter into the proper arrangements with her Ma-
jesty's Commissioners, when we have no doubt the
ground could be got and all the privileges en-
joyed by exhibitors in this department which are enjoyed
in the building itself; er, if the park is objected to, a
thousand other places offer themselves for the pence at the
gate on such an occasion. There is Islington cattle market,
shoat empty and perfectly suitable. The whole could
easily he placed under the control of the Revd Comtois.ion
during the period of the exhibition. There are no doubt
objections to tenth a proposition, but et the same time we
think that these are not worthy of comparison with the
many benefits to be gained. And we hope that some such
I scheme will be acted upon with energy—a the interests of
the farmer are not kept fully and strongly in mind, by those
who have the work of wholesale rejection to perform, before
the immense crowd of articles appljiog for space can be
brought down to the number and dimension for which the
building is calculated.—B.

GOSSIP.
(From the .diftietr•nesna nt tth day.)
The Australian papers are beginning to to,
question—where is Dr.Leichharlt ? fele time hts e•v. re,
elapsed, according to his own estimate, when he eh, old h. Ti
been heard of at the end of a successful journey. T,;,;
years have passed since he undertook his wet rem' tai •
exploring an unknown part of the great AusttxA+^ c. nent—two yeses sine,. he was heard of lest ee,t A, *

PROVINCIAL NEWS.
BELPAST.—At the bat meeting of the sub-committee for
manufactures, a letter tees read from the secretary of the
Royal Commission, statism that the following ellohnent of
spate had been made foe Belfast district ; —Floor and
counter space—For raw materials, 68.1 superficial bet; for
machinery, 1,200 fest; for manufacture., 2,100 feet; and for
fine arts, 14 feet ; wall space, for all the sections, 7.000
feet—total space, 11,000 superficial feet. This was 1,969
Let lass floor and counter space. and 468 feet leas wall space
'than was required by the exhibitors. As the allotment of
the former could not be increased, it was arranged that each
eel ibitor's demand should be ent down, so as to make the
mitigate not exceed that allotted by the Royal Commission;
sad that 1,000 foot more wall space should be requested, as
iatiamstion had been given that it might be had. By the
esue Secular it appeared that the beal committee would
eILU be permitted tai remits a few entries, if sent in imme-
diately, for articles of which there was not already a sufficient
representation; or others whose noTelty or merit might
entitle them to consideration. As the entries of sewed
muslin manufactures which were sent in were few in corn
union with the importance of that branch of industry in
the n.rth of Ireland, it was rewired by the committee that
the list should be kept open for a few dam to admit addi
tional entries. The general committee met on the 20th
instant, and the uareury reported that the Royal Com.
MiiiioDOff had granted the 1,000 feet additional wall spew
asked for.

1109, p. 94.) He had :thheencere.tiniatuedtb,3:thlll,i,:.:tiiib.,l:h:7lr .:;
station on the frontier for the pupae of chart'.
beauty and fertility of
his companions had passed: saying, in j h:,
proceeding, that he fmared he might nee, r
'
hie great journey, and wee anx;oul th, tl
ledge which he had already piked al.ou:
lost. He deputed again, in high spiri:s, into the nett: y
wilderness, and has never Mace been bard of
My one competent to report the intelligeece. I he
&sof New South Wales should at once set the
succour at
tiinnwbotehrhkea. To
lf orhfkettimPeenelhaienalchadnaolanlydofslehlytn?::Kiii•ii:.:::„l,,
Thera are,m:whienteytnegai.wasyhtsedoiunirwhdbiecrhezi:meissartidg;:t,o.;:.,
obligations: men should be sent en hie
f a d n should
eaotiobigent, with provisions and euccoura, , "r.
tioned at the now broken-up establishment at tort L:
ton, in case the traveller should bear up for that
is suggested by the Sydney Morning Herald he .y
A correspondent asks us to inform him and tne
who has been the means of removing the -n. **,;
Harrow Churchyard. which marked the ripe. shirt h$
was accustomed to look out on the ebamioul
stretching far away from that point of view'. 15
nothing ourselves of the tact of the removal.— mrd ~t, , ; *
therefore, nothing ef the party aneererahle or
moving him. But probably this mention ot thr r•
stance stance may bring us some particular. from p . .**
informed, which may enable u to satisfy tither u.-,.,,
the curiosity of our comspondent.
We read in one of the French papers that the:
of Heidelberg is about to confer the decree of ~•
Theology on Mr. J. W. Pennington, a Wax '.l.
priest at New York. Mr. Pennington' it is s 1-•
negro who has ever received sch,las,c
European university. He is reported to be toe
several works on theology.
The French papers lunation the arrival :.t the_ •
Alexadre Vattemare, the indefatigable pr mower of .:.•
atonal exchanges of works of art, science, and Ilt., .
M. Vattemare has spent tar year- is the •
and expresses himself highly delighted with hie I, Ce,.*:
at the enthusimsm with which Ms plans have . •
adopted. The Idea ot a literary alliance
the establishment of a universal republic of let.,
in accordance with the spirit of the age. Our Ai,
brethren have coma forward Land-oraely to ..id N. 1 ;.;
mare in his endeavours. In retire for several .1
collections of French publican on and documiwo,
complete series of French medals, from the lin.
to the present date, M. Yammers Moue home u m •
a hundred came of books, plane, coin.,
over, told that the proprietors of tee Frauklin Ii
sisted on offered him a free postage ;—and that
satisfy the numerous competitors for the gretuitous t.
of carrying his voluminous baggage across the A•lei•
has been obliged to distribute it among several mt
vessels. It is said that Al. Vattemare's colleen a at.,
hibited in a building which OA city ot Paris has
his disposal.
Amour the new publications advertised in Paris, es,
a book entitled " Love Letters" (Letters
author, M. Julien Leiner. has bad the curioas
lebting in one volume the most celebrated m
the eltelid'aurre of tender correspondence—a
position in which France has always bee. ;
Hdloise, Ninon do PEncloe, Mdlle. de PEspineom, I;
and Mirabesu, of course, hold thole place.; Ins, ate,.
motorising is, that we are told that contemprary
Beranger, P. L Courier, Jules Sainleau, and .kr ,
saye will contribate to the work. The admin.
ambiguously worded as to induce the lie.iet 1',,;
of these gentlemen were written in Ow
capacities. We of course do not supp.oe !no •
—but the fact that many persons have belie, .t.
curiously French.
The Journal dee Daets reports that Nommt -
most distinguished of her philoloitists in
Christian Limits Sverdrup—who has died
ninth year. M. Sverdrup has occupied the
logy at the University of Christiania More the •
that establishment by Frederick the Sloth,
mark, in 1808, He has left many works—time mu, *.
ant of them in the Latin tongue.
The " National Public School Association," Mete eke.
its local character and completed its preliminary rocoe
tion, has now made its more formal appeal to the c,mx-y
for that support which is essential to its tu.cess. Toe `a..i
of the association is reducible to a simple phri4.-1:
is legal voluntaryism. The field of action is mcular
—its means are local rates, locally imposed. hurt a
national programme so timed their lie—se we ham maid la
former occasions—many and weighty objections m tailored
with a national system of education. V. e hold it be if
high importance in any system of public teaching •11.3 to
instruction afforded be somewhat equal in point or -nevi'
and quality for all districts. If the order and pr.graccas
of the school he left to the Smiths and Jon, tea of t w cal
village notoriety, there is at least ground to fear 'bit
the quality of education given might not always coal
up to a reasonable standard. We can hardly \Plat CA
the average of intelligence among the local minxes
of provincial towns is higher than that of the Los t. n
tritest—yet within the last few months we have no more
than one metropolitan vestry violently oppose the esmhash.
meat of bathe and washhouses—other contend for the r,'tl
to re open the city grave-ads—while the as at poatrul
corporation in the c spina remains deaf to the pealing of
humanity, and naffs at the wanting of sence to
of the Smithfield abomination. If these men were issie
judges of what it is necessary to teach the people es, fear ter
system of instruction would be extrecumly meagre. Ile
who has no objection to filth will have no pest borer
of ignorance—and they who can gain a puny by Ice
grove-yards of Drurymlanis will not 'creole to my, one
leaving the poor to their present state ot the istillectiol
dearth. As our readers know, these misgiving, do not mat

•—•
LIMBRICL—MODEL LIFI•BOAT.—It is proposed te con-
struct a life-boat for the Exhibition of 1851, wilt a glass
deck to show the machinery, end framed, of oak, with
covering of patty perdu, protected by a coat of moot sail
cloth. The propelling power will consist of an Archimides'
screw, enclosed in so iron cylinder, one.fourth of its own
diameter in length, and open at the end, being worked by
ea agency similar in principle to Uncommon spring-jack. but
I perfected with superior ingenuity. As the intrirnic value of
the whole oontrivance depends entirely on the efficiency of the
main springs, the utm-st judgment and skill will be engaged
in the manufacture of these essential riqui,it. s. Vast im-
provements have lately been introduced in executing this
important branch of industry, both with regard to the form
end application of springs generally, combined with the
discovery of increasing the strength and elastic qualities is
the article of steel, and little doubt remains relative to the
attainment of the object in view. It is expected that the
adoption of this simple device will seldom fail is achieving
the desired end, even durlog the prevalence of storms how-
ever violent, or weather the most unpropitious. Tho com-
pact barque will unite the advantages of buoyancy, speed,
and safety. It is not liable to the casualties of inquest
occurrence that arise from upsetting or sinking, which It will
owe to the distribution of the bailee, the composition of the
materials, and the nature of the moving force. By means
of an internal action, and partially free from external juin.
eine, it esn Rost on the billow with impunity, and dive
through the surge without risk, being thus stabled to arrive
at its destination with almost unerring certainty. The pro-
cam of winding up can be performed at rill times with faci-
lity, by means of a key and lever, when occasion demands the
operation.
_ • . .

- -
SrALDING.-Mr. Rower, the lecturer sent by the Com-
miuioners, was received with anything but good-will. As
yet not one penny Ina been contributed towards the funds
of the Oreat:Exhibition. No local committee has been
formed. Save and except myself (tbe secretary) scarcely
any one has dared to show hiras-if ati an advocate fur the
claims of the Great Exhibition; but a few havesenti midis
icr exhibition, of which the following are the names and
purposes: Mr. Cheering, Spalding, a filtering pump, for
pumping clear from impure water; Beesley and Son, Put,
fleet, near Spalding, specimens of woad, for dying, end
chicory, the best grown in any part of the world ; 13, aeley
and Son, Spalding, improved chicory cutter; Mi. Cheerios,
Spading, apteimin of paste fur mopes, lower parte of
buildings, &0., preventing dampneas, and after t•eing put on
dries u hard as rock. We have formed a Mechanics'
Provident Society, which numbers nearly 100; it ought,
considering the sue of town and extent of district to number
at least 500.

THE EFFECT OF COLD UPON PLANTS.

(From the Gardener's Chronicle of this day.)
The manner in which cold acts upon plants is one
of the problems which bare yet been solved, and pro-
bably
inseminating their causes have proved Eminently unsuccess-
tul. That a low temperature, or frost, acts differently upon
different plants very nearly allied to each other is notorious ;

TeivELLtno excue —Since the arrangements of the
great railway companies with regard to the conveyance of
tee members of unlearn club to London nest year have
!kern merle ;Wolk, these associations have increased
Immensely In popularity and number. We give an account
Of
those which nave been recentlT formed. In Belfast,
Aberdeen, Cheater, Devizes Dow Bridport, Beverley,
mid Rigsby, travelling clubs have been founded, and in
every instance with marked sumer+. At Norwich thee. is
both a male and female club. At Bridport, at the inaugural
meeting, upwards of fifty members were enrolled. Last week
the following proceedings in reference to the convenience of
working men took plate at Aberd. en: The Lord Provost took
the chair. Mr. hi'Leod, tinsmith, stated that the com-
mittee had had several interviews with the manager
of the Steam Navigation Company, and had received abetter
from the manager of the railway company, stating the tarots
on which the escrkieg classes can be conveyed. The
letter was to the effect that, to encourage the early formation
of subscription clubs, the railway companies had agreed to
convey persons aubeeribieg to such clubs to London, by
special train, and giving return tickets, for 30s. 9d., it beteg!
understood bat, to insure such special train, at least 260!
passengers fog the whole journey shall be secured. Ire train
not to start till the charge for admissive to the Bibibi-1
tioa shall have been reduced to one shilling, and six days to be
allowed in London between arrival and departure. Should
it be found impossible to get 260 passengers. the railway
eampaay to endeavour to make arrangements for forwarding!
members of the subscription clubs by the trains from other
districts, Mr. M'Leod then moved—. 1. That the
the of the Works of Industry of all Nations in 1861 is ex
peesely calenlated to benefit the labouring classes of the
eseememity, sot only in promoting the linseed manufactures
ei the many, but also by its tendency to elevate the Intel-
MOW character of the people." Mr. James Hooter,
anion, seconded the motion, Bat little was necessary to
smears the entire senses of the Ezhibition, and that little
kw with the working classes. The Exhibition could not fail
to give an important begotten) industry, and thus materially
Wee& the working elegem From the desire that bad bees
manifested on the part of the upper claws to mingle with
the working clams on this occasion, there was good reason
to hope that their intellectual and even political emanelpet ion
might be promoted. The resolution was carried Ism. cat.
In east er to John Biala, Mr. !Mood said that the com-
mittee had ernmponded with the manager of the steam
cempsny, to ascertain for what a deck passage to Loader'
might be had during the Bzhibition. The manager refused
to state terms, on the ground that the dme was as yet too
debut. The terme stated at bet meeting were considered
too high by the soestaittee. The chairman thought the
railway onspany's terms extremely mod . Besides the
abrades Ili the Nothioiticur, many might thus be enabled to
see London who kid never had sick an oppottunity before,
end might never have it sight. The following resolutiges
were the treanirecerily agreed te:—" 2. That it is especially
the duty and the interne of those engaged in the manufae-
=and methinks! arts to embrace the opportunities
of ingening and examining the pendent of the
and skill of all nations, to be exhibited in 1851. 3.
That ohs belittles afforded by the various carrying com-
pleakea both by sea and land, to sabseription dabs, tor viaideg
the Zahlkhione might to be taken advantage of, and easone-
timmillemell by working meta for that purpose."
At figabliag a club has been recently formed, and now
sumbine about 100 member*.
BILIDLINGTON.-0a Wednesday evening weak a public
meeting was bald In the Town Ball, Bridlington, to form a
society, or club, to enable its member, by the payment of
an Imo then sixpence per week, to visit the international
exhibition of 1861. Mr. William Small's, draper, being
sliced to the their, and having opened the bulineen of the
meeting, it was unanimously reedved that the society
should minakit of a president, vice-president, two trustees, a
secretary, committee, and an unlimited number of both
sexes, to be called " The Bridlington International
tic. Rectiety."
Warrev.—A meeting was convened at the Angel Inn, on
Monday evening for the purpose of brain a working
men's emerektios, to enable the mechanism and labeszieg
Lesaitsvisit the great exhibition of all nations, et, be held
ant year. H. Belcher, Esq., one of the sear
Wks fig this aliens% explained the objeets for which the
amedullem was intended to on formed, after which a Isom •
her et pemems enrollee their names as members, cog ro
pq N. week towards defraying the expense Licit
the
ABRITAL or CONTRIBUTIONS FROM CANADA.—
The ship Pearl, which has strived in the docks from Meat:
seal and Gusher, has brought from the former plan, as a
portion of a large groat alio of Canadian predestine,
107 paskages of miry geisha masigned to order, sail ell
daily deemed to be intended fat the Great Exhibitket of
Industry of ell Nations la Hyde-park. The whole of them
pesitages, being the lest wmaignment of this nature treat
the DOW North Aesopian province, will, in pursuance of
Alleseggeweed regulations of the gonunkeionere of mutates, be
gime& in the haul gegmiess until the bathing in Bs.-'
park in mad: ter theft sompllss at their intendedgmtfir
-
lbw • 0

and this ;Ten where they are mere varieties of each other.
The China thee, for instance, resists any amount of English
cold ; the variety celled the tea-soented perishes, or suffers
severely, in every ordinary winter. The gay-flowered
meanies of the Canaries, known in gardens under the name
of cinerariss, shriek from the mere approach of frost, and
perish upon its first arrival ; yet the ragworts and rim/wove,
and groundsels, all equally aenecios, can bear a liuuian
winter. In like manner oaks, chesnuts, conifers, exhibit
similar differences in their power of resisting free% How to
account for this is the question.
It has been suggested that the fluids contained in different
species of plants may themselves act differently in the pre-
sewn of cold; just as oil of turpentine requires a tempera-
ture of 14 deg. to freeze, while oil of bergamot levees at
23 deg., and olive oil at 36 deg. Bat although this may be
true ti a limited extent, yet it by no mesas explains the
phenomenon in question. The plant z, for bathos',
perishes from frost, while another, identical with it in
nature, lives with impunity within two yards of it, both
having been exposed to the same temperature. In this case
the fluids of the two will be chaotically the same, and yet
the results are oppoeite. Again, the long-leaved pine (1".
lowgiJolia) is quite tender, while the Gerard pine, exceed.
ingly Ides it, is hardy ; in this case there is as ground for
supposing that the fluids contained in these speciee are dif-
ferent. In fast, except that all plants suffer from cold
in *rogation to the quantity of water the contain, we
have no kind of evidence to chow that the quality of their
fluids has any material influence upon their power of retest
ing cold; for it is by no means true, as some too hastily
assert, that resinous Wee., like conifers, are rendered
hardy by the teeth they contain ; the Norfolk Island pine
and the Malay dimmer are tender, although both resinous
and ocsifferous. . . .

thn
to us now for the first time. They rise up s't the
of the inquiry. We have referred to them more then. r.
and we bring them forward again, not only because the
occasion courts it, but because we really kliea teat
Nome means might be adopted to get rid of the
uncertainty about the ;practical working of this scheme.
and of the weakness which this feeling of uncertainty env!'
with it. So for the plan has received little or no ad Amon is
London : and we believe the reason bow suggested obe tee
chief (muse of this apathy. The programme proviir!uu
of guarantee. When the association may bare whored 0
purpose,is mos ntheeededsit,uiattivrion: nboutditieceseekaaregileycE
—follow. It requires a certain amount of rebore to
understand the value of culture. In the most pont Ma
i ignorant localities no suitable provisions would maia
for school. and schoolmasters, and In many of the molt
thurishing an unwise spirit of economy might ?edge tts
standard of instruction below the point of real Awfulness.
We regret that those difficulties lie in oar way' bin ee
cannot pretend to ignore them. Wisdom must apply me
te find • remedy for evils which exist in the nature ot
norWrveetenepdvueat,:..?.;
tLseL
Would it not be possible to strengthen the stecisum
1'
grafting on it one or two principles more t The socisty b
111.4
nualise the iacruction given, to some extent at le.s„ 7
adopting a minimum ; by making it a part of their r.•
;set of law that certain things must be taught, NoPMO4
the more essential elements, and giving a discretioesrtee°"
in regard to others. Why not alto admit of state topic
tors ? Prisons are inspected by the state, though tog
maintained by local rates and governed by local sing,:,,
This system works well and for the public rod. N‘r!
out these hints briefly—but we think they are meta& to
success. We observe that the association, having tb!isr_s
Dr. Johnson still before their eyes, omit the descripuseer
"secular" from their title. Bat why, in the name uf Datil
Murray, insert "public" after " national"? Do
that by any chance" national schools" can be thought gww*.
" National Secular," or " National Free School A";
lion" might be seed ; bat " National Publie" B fh""
and absurd.

In this, as is no many other horticulture' questions, the
difficulty of the subject vankbte when we desist from a vain
search alter undisooverables. It is by ►ttempting to explain
every phenomenon of lite by the known laws of chemistry,
electricity, and similar agencies, that we plunge into a
labrynth of perplexity—

initial no end. in wandering mom lent:

Bat the moment we admit the presence everywhere among
plants of a vital principle, or of vitality, and thus recognise •
direct analogy between plants and animals, the principle of life
in the two kingdoms being identical but differently mini Nsted,
then we tread on the firm ground consolidated by the march
of ogee, and find, in the experience of animal physiology, the
elucidation of what is Omar* in that of vegetables. It is
true that we then abandon the pursuit of first causes, and
confer the vanity of that euriosity which nothing can satisfy;
bat we exchange rationalism for materialism, and we learn
hew to apply experience to daily uses.
It is en axiom la animal physiology, that " the general
Sint of cold on living bodies, is • diminution of vital Aviv' iy,
which terminates, it the cold be intense, and its application
isentinued, in death." (Pereira.) Hence it is to be interred
that rill living things whatsoever must dually perish beneath
die influence of cold, provided it is severe enough and
pedeaged enough. Bat living things have each their
✓ents constitutional vitality, the power of which
be resisting cold differs between species and 'petite,
ee variety and variety, and even between individual
M individual. It is a peculiarity derived from the great
imam of all things; • reality : inexplicable but indisputable;
Ike Myra, and hest, end electricity. We see it manifested
mom plants between the yellow and the spider °obeys,
GM lie tea roes end the Chine flow; as among Libra
Wham the ass and the sabre, the diqgria cud the Birged.
the terrier end the Italian greyhound. The moment
waiesit this principle, the mode of dealing with cold in
tWiletwomes analogous to that which experience tell u '1
e ds:nel in the *shard world. When • man is frown, if
be belbidenly thawed, he dies, or his limbs drop off ; and
OD at bonen lank;p nothing bring' them such certain
due as • sodden elevation of temperature. When the
PM& retreated from Moscow, !ream noses end
ONIMIOII, but immediate rubbing them
yam amend tire tendency to congelation, and hones
bee ms a posies for the unhappy men to look nerniwly
elks sob Misty noes; for nth scald see his neighbour's,
=ebe mid neither feel nor en his own. As long ego
ye of Hippomatee, it was known that a man who
bed had Die feet from, lost thema illesauaged in warm
valor. It is exactly the sun cert
ain
that it is
that hoses pleat, though ender, not perish if It ls
gradually thawed, by Waif watered plentifully with *old
water. Thai early pess, kidney beans, and the like, are
often sand by merely giVng them a good watering the first
thing in the morning before the nut is on them. It is
asserted, and we doubt net frith privet troth, that wall trees,
whose blossoms ban bees berters. Mee bed their Irby mei
by eopiaseil oriole. beim euerbeo
In all these- ewes ft 1y boweved, ladisproreblo that the
artificial thawing be probed before the oiler rays can fell
apex the otdeet *Nal; the sadden elerellea at temperature
MksM produeed toy meabig embalm eruilles ell aid
And Imes It le that die meted NS
I:3l6bemilwiag Is alleviator removed by pleating mile

FORTHCOMING EXHIBITION 1/4 AMEBICA.--A
respondent of the Art Journal, under date l'hilsclaPo°,
Nov. 29, says: " Yon promised your reader to keep th:
au dourest of our American project, which has astsaod_..
inereaseil importance from the patronage of the
government. It has appropriated Governor's Wiwi.
harbour of New York, for the purpose, with 80"1 "Ii;
gnard. The Wand is within two minutes mod a hall ,
city by steam, has a fort upon it, and shout 30 mos of 1:7
ground at our disposal. Every futility of making it
warehouse has been granted, and the President E
bo ,
name to go Mike world at the head of a list of
As
in which the governon of our separate staus
As I told you in London, it Ins been thought best to tust!.f.
mercantile transaction, in the nature of • consignment, 0“,
in preference to placing it in the hands of an idistituoj.f,
that the goods may be taken care of and sold to thO';
advantage. Mr. William B. Draper,. of New York,
We oonei jaw,
and ac his otiorelsees in Loud= sad co ri'
t
continent will be of the highest character, his nod circlis
from London cannot fail to our, the convictios with
:sorest will be sainted out in integrity. ood tdd 71171
th. My °mistimes, dill political parties, To
plant with Amer.