The Express.
London, England, 1850-12-30 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 30, 1850.

resat prim the cut of manufacture by each slow
mottoes ea those to which only it was adapted bare
made the linen fabric much dearer. This difficulty of
Manufacture seems likely to beiovereome by the new
roods of dressing flax invented by Mr. aduesall,
in
efliielt the fibre is prepared without being steeped.
The object of the various processes which the flax thus
eledergoes is to reduce it as closely as posit& to the
lbiaraeter of wool, and the result of some reeentexperi-
meat prove that this object has been in a great measure
amemplished. Messrs. batours, of Rochdale, have
afforded Mr. Chaussare the opportunity of testing the
properties of his prepared flax, by placing at his cone
the mechanism of their cotton mill, and we
perceive by the Manchester Examiner of Saturday
leek that the result has been very satisfactory. The
experiments were conducted principally to determine
whetipr a mixture of equal parts of flax and cotton
mild be spun, with a view to the introduction of flax
es a partial substitute for cotton, so as to diminish the
demand for the latter proportionally to the diminished
supply. For thin purpose, therefore, the coarser kinds
of yarn were tried,as the greatest consumption of cotton
takes place in throes qualities. The cotton and flax were
found to work well together, and the yarns produced
are said to have been of an average quality, the thread
being somewhat lees smooth and more uneven than
the best cotton yarns. As this was the first trial of a
new material, the most sanguine of those interested
could not have expected perfect results; and the fact
that flax mixed with half its weight of cotton was
spun byahe ordinary mechanism of a cotton mill, proves
that the supposed difficulty has been nearly surmounted.
Farther trials and adaptations of the machinery
to suit the peculiarity of the material, will, no doubt,
lead to further improvements, and though as yet only
coarse and rather uneven threads have been produced,
finer and more perfect yarns will most probably be
shortly obtained.
The experiments at Messrs. batour's cotton mill
seem indeed to have almost settled the question so far
u the mechanical part of it is concerned. The next
important problem to be solved is, can the raw mate-
rial be supplied on such terms as to render it email
mically available as a partial substitute for cotton
The price of flax in the straw is 41. per ton, or rather
lees than one halfpenny a pound ; but the quantity of
fibre extracted from it does not by the common pro-
saw exoeed one-fourth of the gross weight. Mr. CLAIM•
sax expects by his plan to obtain 6 cwt. of fibre from
one ton of straw, and he offers to supply the prepared
fibre, bleenhed and ready for manufacture, at three-1
peace per pound, which is about twopence per pound
less than the present price of the best cotton when
allowance is made for waste. In the present state of
the cotton market, therefore, there would be an im-
portant saviog effected by the introduction of flex
fibre into cotton manufactures, especially in the
coarser kinds of goods. It must be borne in mind,
however, that cotton wool is now selling at rearly
double the price it fetched in 1848, and should the
prevailing scarcity be followed by an absedant
season flax fibre could not compete with cottos, even
admitting that it could be spun with equal facility. It
would nevertheless be an important advantag?, if we
looked no further, to have an available supply of raw
material at command to render our manufacturers in-
dependent of the fluctuations of the cotton crop, for
the range from which the supply of flax night be
drawn is not limited by specialties of soil or climate
—in our colonies, as well as in England and all puts
of the Continent, it may be cultivated with success.
The prospect opened by the improved process of
preparing flax is not bounded by its nee as a partial
substitute for cotton in mixed manufactures. If the
fibre, without admixture of wool, can be spun
a..d woven with the same facility as cot-
ton, the linen fabrics thus made wool so
closely approach the :price of calicoes, even in
the lowest state of the cotton market as greatly to
diminish the demand. Notwithstanding the compara-
tive cheapness of cotton fabrics, the manufacture of
linens constitutes hII important item of national pro-
dace. Teo flax imported during the put year
amounted to about 200,000,000 lbs., and adding the
quantity growing in this kingdom, the total amount
would be 250,000,000 lbs., which is equal to one-third
of the largest annual import of cotton wool. Looking
forward, therefore, to the time when linen cloth may
be sold et the same price as calico, the expectations of
those who contemplate the substitution of flax for
cotton seem to be not without foundation.
We shall not now enter into the agricultural part
of the question, nor glance at the picture which has
been painted, couleur de rose, of all our paupers fully
employed in the cultivation of flax, and our work-
, houses empty. The manufacturing and commercial
view of the subject is enough for the present. It is
possible that the prepared fibre may fail to realise in
practice the anticipations founded on experiments,
and the cost of preparation may prove greater than is
calculated, but the matter has now assumed suoh a
practical aspect u to deserve attentive consideration.

neither be arrested nor prosecuted in arlurinel matters,
unless with the permission of the Assembly. Bat the
constitution of 1848 makes no mention of corporal re-
straint. Such were the prise plesaired by M. de Lswehe-
jacquelin inherent. of M. Manguin. He observed that
althoughtbe constitution of 1848 only laid down the
rule in criminal cases, amid was silent with regard to
civil,thissilenos arose from theciretunstancethat corpo-
ral restraint had been abolished when the constitution
was voted. Re placed M. Mauguin under the pro-
tiction of the sovereignty of the Assembly.
M. Ronber, the Minister of Justice, insisted upon
observing the independence of the judicial and legis-
lative powers. The latter made laws; the judicial
power interpreted them. Bach ought to remain
within their limits. The case had been decided in
the first instance. Two degrees of trial remained.
The courts most pronounce sentence. It was impos-
sible to annul a judgment which had been given
without invading the independence of the judges.
The Assembly would take a very questionable
coarse in decreeing the liberation of a representative
who had been committed to prison by virtue of a
judicial sentence. The proper course would be to
bring in a bill declaring the inviolability of represen-
tatives in civil matters. Until such a bill was passed
the decrees of the tribunals aught to be respected. M.
de Vatimesnil vigorously assailed the position of the
Minister of Justice, by insisting on the paramount
eavereignty of the Assembly, which was personified
In its members. Certainly the independence of the
two powers ought to be respected. But in this in-
stance the independence of the Amembly was invaded.
If one representative were arrested, what was to
binder a mutilation of the legislative body by the
arrest of several. Finally, under the term inviolable,
the constitution of 1848 intended to include civil are
' well as criminal eases. M. Reedier rose again to re-
ply, and explained that the constitution of 1848 had
not followed the charter of 1830, in interdicting the
bodily restraint of representatives, because the old
legislative power was intermittent, wh the
National Assembly was permanent. Formerly a de-
puty might be imprisoned during the recess ; but if a
permanent inviolability were claimed for tho members of
the present legislative body, an encouragement would
be held out to; representatives not to pay their debts.
But this argument is easily answered by the autho-
risation to prosecute resting in the hands of the As-
sembly, which would assuredly protect its own
dignity.
The house then adopted M. de Larochejacquelin's
motion for setting M. Mauguin at liberty by a large

majority.
This vote of the Assembly was considered as a
serious check for the government, considering the
pertinacity with which M. de Larochejacquelin's
motion had been opposed by M. R)uher. Imme-
diately after the vote M. Deign drew up a copy of
the resolution, and charged M. Duponcean, the head
.• Aniarier,” to wo and set 3L. Mauguin at liberty.
While a conflict between the legislative and judi-
cial powers is opened on the subject of the imprison-
ment of M. Mauguin, the old schism between the
executive and legislative threatens to break out in all
its former violence on t►e question whether M. Yoe,
the Assembly's commissary of police, is to be main-
tained iu his place or not. The government, and the
organs of the Elyse. especially, insist pertinaciously
on the necessity of dismissing a functionary who has
made his trust a soarce of scandalous personal annoy-
ance to the head of the state, by his weak and ern-
dulons admission of calumnious accusations from the
lowest spies against the Bonapartist,. Oa the other
hand, there is a very strong party who think that the
Assembly would lower its dignity by sacrificing a
zealous officer to the resentment of power.)
Allah' has appealed against his sentence of one
year's imprisonment.
The new Dotation Bill is expected to be presented
in the beginning of January.
Ihe council of State terminated, in its sitting of
December 25, the first part of the great law on inter-
nal administration. This first part relates to com-
munes, and will be followed by three other parts
relating to cantons, departments, and councils of pre-
fecture. The government has sent up to the council
of state a bill on oaths.
In its last sitting the club of the Rae des Pyramides
pronounced for the rejection of the proposition of M.
de Tinguy relative to the extraordinary convocation
of the councils general. The same club seems dis-
posed to refer the Sunday bill to the council of state.
The Moniteur contains a decree allowing letters and
111)1ln:tale to be directed to California by the way of
England and the Isthmus of Panama. The single
postage of a letter is 2fr. SOc.
The bureau of the Assembly, which was to hold a
meeting to-day, to come to some resolution on the
affairs of M. Yon, has adjourned its sitting till to-
morrow.
M. Casimir Perier's report on the treaty of naviga-
tion and commerce between France and Sardinia was
distributed. The committee reeommenda the adoption
of the treaty.

For AOO2liLtU

. _.
P4lllBl, Dic. ZS. rat
Wassy. Opals( Digbest Lowest. Closing.
1 per 055t5..:„L..... 57 50 ' 07 50 57 50 57 43 57 50
3 pet Costa. 93 30 93 33 95 35 93 30 93 30
S do. New Lao.. lt OS Of St
N per Cam& l. .• . ...
1 per
Isob Oasus 7V23
ssige as Loudon :at diet, 24 95;5. 90 dayi,s4 '74.
Eleigisa,s, 1840
Messy I Naples Motes Money
Do. 5, 1841
Do. 44
Do. 1850 s4 .
DO 14 — : Tnewory Bonds—
Pildmoot 56.0.1849 84 30 • int Mores 1260 "

Boons.—St. Germain, 417 60; Versailles (right bank),
166; ditto (let bank), 166; Para and Orleans, 867 50;
Paris and Rouen, 680; Rouen and Hans, 270; Strasbourg
sad Bale, 137 60; Boulogne sod Amiens, —; Orleans
and Bordeaux, 400; North, 481 26; Pans and But..
bourg, 355; Tours and Nantes, 261 26; Montanan and
Trays., 95 ; Mantillas and Mignon, 193 76; Cants., 402 60.

SPAIN.

MADRID :Dec. 23.

In to-day's sitting of the Chamber the Minister of
Foreign Affairs declined to give any explanations
with regard to the negotiations with Rome for a
concordat. The Chamber continued the discussion of
an amendment to the report of the committee for
authorising the government to put in vigour the new
budget from the commencement of the new year.

MADRID, Dec. 22 —Three per Ceuta., 36 7.16; after
Bola, 351 7 16 malt, 361 paper. Four per Ceuta.. 121. Firs
per Ceuta, 121; after Bolas, 12 916 paper, 121 cub. Cou-
pais, 61 ; after Betas, 61 paper. Passives, 31 paper ; after
Bola, 3 13 16 cash. Bask of St. Fudisead, 93 sub.
Bedtime ea Lawton, 60.45 paper.

CHOLERA 11t JAmttcs.—The memorials from the
merchants and betaken of the City of London, praying the
government interference for the relief of the sufferers ken
cholera I. Jennies, were on Satordey morning presentet,
through Mr. Masterease, M.P., by Mr. J. W. Dover, to dio
Lords of the Admiralty and Mr. Hanes, M.P., Under Boom
tar, of State for the Colonies The latter gave seen/sem
that the subject of the memorials should receive his imme-
diate attention. The copies of the memoriel lying at the
Stock Bachame and other public places have not yet been
, brwarded. The following were among the signatures to the
menorialepresented by Mr. Dover: Lawr. Gurney ; Barnett
and Co.; Davison and Co. ; Hawthorn Thadden ; Gled-
stems and Co.; Scott, Bell, and Ce. ; Stephenson, Galt, and
Sarni Cetera, !torten, and Co. ; Ribbed and Co.; Toon-
son, Really, and Co.; Gillespie, Moffatt, and Co.; Lucas,
sad Co. ; John Schneider and Co. ; Phelps and
Co.; Joha Scott; Todd Brothers; Jas. Thomson and Co.;
Alen. Grant; John Dawson; J. Guttenberg; B. Jacob and
Co. ; Goring and Co.; Thos. Wade and Son; Martin, Levin,
and Adler; G. W. Spelt sad Co. J. C. Nob:waif;
Thos. Alen sad Co. ; Webster, Gordon,a Can't, sad Co.:
Blackburn, Tempe, and Robinson ; Jas. Cock; Jes. Field
and Son ; Hebron, Syn., and Co. ; Joke Twang ; I. J.
Rounds. ; J. W. aid J. Styes and Co. ; Wi 1.. Field;
J. B. Tilley and Son; Jacob Maeatta ; George Beasley ;
Inc. Richmond; August Faber &ad Co.; Henry Bull; and
J. W. Dover.
PAPAL

MISTING AT HMIT-
Ildieeday balto is "mom, of a reeelltise to
the high shalt deed by ND of the pulas4a laity gild
gortropesof the yeasty, a arewied M~IPIS held la the
Court at the Twin Nan, //1 it address to
be pretested to her Ksiesty GS du parsilhogs of the
Bishop ef Hems. J. IstoreaaN mader.ebraft,
stud. The Bad of Eleadwieb, Bud ?Rawness, the am
W. M'Ohee.lhe lb. prima KLIMA/My (a dleseassz),
took part is the preesoiloye. old* resulted fa the adoption
of as sati.pspeladdrase lithe Gesso.

CrillOtstCONDM—ln 1833 the late Record Com.
Wideness lased eirealar ouottions to the municipal sot,
perstkes of Bog Led sod Wes, requetlas TIZIALS infer-
; mime sub qualms ass Ike following :—" Do
111111saslsas prima, or lave any remarkable
ens..— Foveae. told& merooq, la Wades to the sere-
=miss amsasessylig the of osoperace ahem
annul proseesismi. hist; ft, a* mafiosi 1 the plated
Mamie or sessoalo of rear low*? Dona, them, if
there he sass." To this qoselMit lbe Masai of Oldppen-
r=.., replied as follows The sorposatea dia.
Swim . soir s yew, and pay /or it thselsolossl—Noter
Qwrin