The Express.
London, England, 1857-10-23 00:00:00

THE LATE TRAGEDY AT WAELEIGH.

Since the inquiry before the coroner relative to the
murder of Andrew Border and his wife, the primmer, Thomas
Miller, ban been gradually recovering hom the wounds he
Inflicted upon himself, and it was expected that in the course
of • few days he would be able to be removed and undergo an
examination before the meginndee. In order, however, to
avoid the excitement of a public mud it was determined to
conduct the Inveatigation at the r silence of the prisoner,
and, accordingly, on Tueelay last Mr. P. C. Sheppard, •
county magistrate, proceeded to Warleigh, and took the depo-
sitions in the prisoner's bed-room, in which ho was lying.
Mr. Shrine, of Warleigh Holm, accompanied by Mr. Helps,
his solicitor, wee prolog, but took no part in the proceeding".
Mr. Sleek, irolicitor, of Bath, was present on betelf of the
pioneer.
All the witnesses who gave evidence at the inquest were
again examined, in addiden to the prisoner's mother, who
until to-day was too unwell to undergo an examination. She
vs bee evident,' in • collected manner, and without thole...at
Rename le Elisabeth Miner, and, being sworn,
she deposed —I am the wilt of Thome Miller. The pri-
mer is my son. He is 27 years of age. He hen never been
addicted to drinking, nor have I noticed anything wrong
about his state of mind further than that after he has been
reading I have heard him remark that he felt his head
rather light on the top. On the night of Friday preceding
the murder I had no rest In consequence of the state he we,
He appeared to think there was some one fighting
with him all night. I thought he was going to have •
fever. He said the Philistines were coming to him. I
sat by his side all night, and wherever I went away
for • moment he celled me back. He got up between
6 and 7 o'clock, and I gave him some tea. He gemmed much
bettor efts ward,. I than went to the Shepherd's Farm,
having business there during the day ; before I went I told
Mrs. Hancock to send for roe if ale observed my win to be
worse. Daniel Hancock cams to me in the afternoon and
said Thomas wee very bad. I came home at 6 o'clock and
gave him some tea. I than made preparations for him
to put his feet in hot water, and while was upstairs
getting the water ready this circumstance happened. As
I was upstairs I heard the door open, and then • scream.
I ran downstairs as fur as possible; but when I got down I
found no one in the kitchen. TM scream I heed appeared
to be that of a man. I rushed out of doors, and as I got to
the door I fancy I touched some one's coat. It was quite
dark, end I could not tell who it wee. I think it was Tom.
The door woe wide open. When I got out of the door I
saw that some one had fallen down on the path-
way, and I celled to Daniel Hancock to corny out
to see who it was. It was the body of Mrs. Border.
She waa lying about three yards from the door. Mrs. Han-
cock brought a light, end said, " Why, here is Mrs. Border
lying on the ground 1" Mrs. Border neither spoke nor
moved. I went Into Br•dfield's home, and remained there
trail my son was found. After my son was got into bed I
returned home. My husband remained iu bed all night,
and asked me on the following morning what the noise wet
about. I said that Tom had been ill. The knife produced
belongs to my son and wee usually kept in the kitchen
window. I did not' see the knife that evening. I never
knew my eon speak in any angry way in regard to the
Borders. I had not heard him mention thew names for
some time. My son was a very saving young man, and had
rime mousy in the savior-bank. The money found in the
box belongs to me. I Wok there was 92/. in the box. He
Was always a good and dutiful son to me.
By Mr. Slack—He was ea harmless as a child; he acted
sometimes more like a child than a man. My husband wee
not capable of taking care of the looney, as ho has not
been right in his mind during the last nine years. He is
now In the lunatic ward of the workhouse, he was removed
there a few My. since.
By Mr. Williams, magistrates' clerk—l don't know what
eased my huaband to become insane ; ho lost some money
about twenty years ago. He has told me three or four times
that he had attempted to commit roicide ; on one occasion
he tried to drown lamed( at Dundee.
The deposition having ban toed over to the prisoner, who
was cautioned in the usual my, ho made no reply, Mr.
Slack advising him to say notl•Mg.
The Wiener was then fully committed for trial.
The magistrate (Mr. Sheppard) declined to make any order
at preseM respecting the money standing to the prisoners
credit in the (lath Savings•bank 3.. Bd.) or the 924
found in the house. -

Mr. ildwer7l2, eilrgeon, stated that he could not give a
cortiflcute for the removal of the prisoner until the follow-
fag day.

THE GnoonKAs.—A letter has been received by a
gentleman in thin town from his son, an officer in ono of the
Ohoorka regiments In India, and for whoa. safety, from his
long silence, feats were entertained. He I. with hie roe-
meat at Altai:rah, and be speaks in high and hopeful terms
of the spirit of his men. The brave little fellows, be nays,
are burning to prom their devotion to the government by
rivalling the fidelity and courage displayed by their brethren
before Delhi. Having mated that Khan Bahador Khan wig
collecting an army to attack Krim Tel, be says:—" About
400 of our men went over to Hymn, Tel some time ago; an-
other company left this for the same place last night. I only
wish you could have seen with what hearty. plemure they
marched, hurrahing, at the idea of there bong a chance of
punishing the mutinous Mahemedana and Bombers for half
a mile aloa4 the road." The opinion of the writer as to the
outbreak coincides with that of others upon the spot—that
when the Bepoya beheld us adding so largely to our tenitory,
without seeming mother tingle European bayonet, they saw
our belpleeensee, and felt their own power, and this induced
them to strike. The writer, we regret to find, gives cause
for suspecting dinners of which we have not yet heard.
"There arm" be lam "a few regiments at out of the way
of whose fide we have not yet heard, but there can,
fear, but little doubt that they have followed the example
of their brethren." --Clideuferd Chreeiele.
THE ACCIDENT ON TIIE STOUR VALLEY LINR.-
WoLvaananrron, Our. 21.—The two passengers (Mies
Coolucm, of Douglas, tale of Man, and Mr. 'Mosher or
Boebier, of the United States) remain confined to their
respective roans upon the recommendation of the medical
men who Inn called in at the time of the accident. They
are both severely cut about the face. and are coffering from
the shock. Mr. Beelikr is the more injured of the two. He
was the commander of the American barque that was
wrecked last week off Bideford, when seven of the crew were
drowned, and he and three of his men escaped to land upon
pieces of the wreck. Mr. Balder was making his vom to
Liverpool, when he experienced a startling illustration a the
insecurity of human life on land as well mat sea. The com-
pany appear to have commenced a rigid investigation Into
the circuronanors of the occident. and their decision in ex-
pected to result in stopping the eccentric movements of bat-
ten trains.
The latest accounts from Bagdad announce that
264 comet beds of merchandise, forming part of the great
caravan recently pillaged In the desert b the Arabs, hays
been recovered frogs the latter by the Turkish authorities,
[Advertisement.]--HOLLOWAI'e OINTMENT AND
141.1.2.-11, the Join mike of then two inetimahlo spec ea an eon.
...moor re velar hitained from us. wren), the went dor
minion of wand@ or Winn an essay truncated, the roorbile ants.
wbW. meters has bd•Aa•• to her is thrown on, sad a
Maltby state of Rite blood owl Odds is the rank, enteral=
mind and body to =Herrn after other treatment Ita. tom found Wake-
teal J to nem ewe caring en. cJ operstion, sad ern life Knit by
their miraculous pow..—Weld 1,7 all medicine vendor. throughout tin
world : at Pronoun Ronowars ostablisbeetrota, Ft.oad, tondos.
and 80, lestda,loote, Now Ton : hy A. &nom Constananeels;
away. tarns; aid LIAM, Maks

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LONDON. FRIDAY. OCTOBER 23.

Orthe personal vigour, temperament, and views of
the Duke of CAMBRICK:I4 his speech at Sheffiekl
affords a very favourable illustration. It was frank,
manly, practical and useful t offensive to no one,
encouraging every one; free from all false sentiment
or sham philanthropy, but equally free from viraq-
tire feelings or instigation to acts of mere vengeance
or cruelty, laying down principles in a plain simple
way, stimulating by its earnestness the country to
wholesome action, and evincing a just estimate of
the nation's power and strength.

The occasion of this visit to Sheffield is an instruc-
tive one. It is the custom of the Aristocracy to
speak as if the whole military spirit of the kingdom
was to be found amongst them and on their estates.
The Duke of CAMBRIDGE knows better ; his experi•
ence teaches him that it is is large towns the army
is most successfully recruited, and that the military
ardour is to be quite as largely found in the lower and
middle ma in the higher classes. Daring the Russian
war one of our very best militia regiments was princi-
pally raised in this very Sheffield: at the elapse( that
war the Sheffield workmen have subscribed to erect
a monument to those of their townsmen who fell in
it; and at the first burst of this Indian Mutiny,
Sheffield has set about recruiting 600 men for the
(WEE R'S service. Now Sheffield is exclusively a
manufacturing town ; it is a town remarkable for
the extreme liberality of its political opinions; it is
a place where a few years ago Chartism very largely,
it was thought dangerously, prevailed. Yet so emi-
nent and prominent is the military spirit of Shef.
geld, and the patriotic ardour of its population, that
here we have the Duke of CAMBRIDOR going down
specially as Couwisnen-lx-Cater, in the midst of
all the immure of business, to thank it, and to hold
Sheffield up as an example to all parts of the king.
dote, and to all degrees of society. Away, then,
with the motion that we must keep the Army aristo-
cratic, because we depend on the aristocracy and
their retainers for military spirit and military re-
sources! That is a delusion which the Sheffield
grinders have corrected.
Well, but if the Duke is thus out of a sense of
propriety and justice impelled to thank the working
men of Sheffield fur their military ardour and emirs
tient, surely the Duke will be consistent, and mat
deny to the contribution which Sheffield has mode
in a greet emergency to the British Army that
opportunity of rising in the army which both jerks
and policy demand. It is one of the advantages Si
the Duke's positi.n that it releases him ham may
influences which is elevated personagesim mar
mend of the army could not extricate themeadems
from ; and the Duke's mind appears eminently mid
to take simple and just views of things. He Is
evidently willing to learn, and has courage to set ea
his own convictions. What a reputation be might
earn by popularising the British Army!
The Duke of Ctunattice warns the country that
it is not sufficient to keep up an army merely ade-
qoate to garrison and protect the empire in peace,
but that we must also have on hand a reserve for
and& n emergencies. No doubt we mast. It is not,
however, the fault of the country that we have not
had such a reserve. It is entirely the blame of that
system of seemsy which penetrates into all oar
affairs. Down to the present hour, no Minister has
ever fully and frankly explained to Parliament and
the public the principles no which the strength of the
army ought to be regulated and axed. Government
has been content to get r many men as it could out
of the Home of Commons without giving it this pri-
mary information or explanation; and the House,
being kept in ignorance, has very naturally been
parsimonious in details. This parsimony has kept oar
establishments down to an extent which has in its
turn made sceresy alcaost a duty, for Ministers hare
at various times been afraid to tell foreign nations in
how defencelese a plight this empire was.
Now, however, the time has come when the
strength of the army must be settled on some de-
&lite and recognised principle, which we can safely
proclaim to all the world. The last Session's Army
Estimates were much the most satisfactory that
hays been presented in our time. But looked
at now, India did not receive in them that

consideration which it required. The QUEEN.;
troops there suffer in time of peace the
heavy depreciation of 12 per cent. per annum,
and when the number to be maintained in India has
been fixed, a lose going on at that heavy rate requires
even in time of peace, we may at once see, an army
of not fewer than 130,000 men of all arms, exclusive
not only of the Q1'17.74.13 troops in India, but of the
colonial corps, some 6,000 or 7,000 strong, the intro-
doetion of which into the number of men annually
voted only confuses and misleads the House of
Commons.

Granting his proposition most freely to the Duke
of CAMBRIDGE, there is, however, a task on the
other side of the question to which the country will
expect him to give Lord l'Axwrite his resolute as-
sistance. It io, how to get the country more for its
money out of its immense annual expenditure on its
present small Army. The public is quite prepared to
increase the avenge ordinary strength of the Army
to a proper and sufficient point ; but it will not be
content to go on increasing the charge of the Army
on its present rate cost. How to decrease that
rate is the real problem for the Duke of CAMBIUDOZ
and iced PANDICIA to solve; for perseverance in
the present rate of charge is—with the prospect of a
considereile increase of our military strength—only
an invitation to future financial embansiement and
difficulty.

WE do not know a mon useful field of domestic

improvement than that which DIN ILLcno

the other day in Haddingtonshire, and which` air!
NISBET HAMILTON—the Mr. Chintrrornea ed tad

small loaf party—tried to close op. It is abetter
provision for the maintenates of our Turnpike Itotai

than tolls and statute labour.

The old system of roads in England, and we pre-
game in Scotland too, was that of pariah or township
highways, towards the maintenance of which the
culliv►tors of the land contributed, according to their
respective holdings, labour in kind, called statute
labour and, in many cases, a rate. These roads were,
and are, placed under the charge of an unpaid or eery
small paid parish functionary called the Surveyor
of Highways, and his ordinary task is to see that
they are passable, and cost the farmers as little ma
possible. In case, however, they become very bad,
a Justice of the l'eace may present them to the
Quarter Sessions, or any persona aggrieved may send
a

Bill of Indictment before the Quarter Sessions
Grand Jury. To this Bill, when found, the parish
generally pleads guilty, whereupon a fine is ordered
to be imposed on it by the Quarter Sessions, which
fine remains suspended and unlevied until the road
is to some extent reps;-ed, and thereupon the Bill of
Indictment is discharged.
When we add that the counties, under the Act of
lltaae VIII., maintain the bridges over their prin-
cipal rivers and streams, we have stated all that the
general law of England has done to furnish this
country with roads. Manifestly this system is most
defective, and very cumbrous ; and the consequence
is that in many parts of the country where we have
embarrassed landlords and backward tenantry, the
highways are in an exceedingly bad condition.
Where, however, there is an improving proprietary
and an enterprising tenantry, there the money value
of good local roads is appreciated, the highways are
well maintained, and the parish recognises the great
truth that good roads really diminish instead of aug-
ment its expenditure. Bet there is in the system
itself no adequate security to the general public for
the due and proper maintenance of our highways ;
there is a pretty general abet to escape from all ex-
pense on them ; and there is no easy and simple way
of making property fulfil its duties. All the defects
of the system are thorouglbly known, but to attempt
to reform sad improve it has hitherto been a task
from which Ilome and Under Secretaries have
shrunk. The landed interest, as represented by the
NII6IIET ILtaturotss, has been too strong for them.
About a century and a half ago the squires of
England began to find out that it was cot good to
live sleet, to be cooped up in parochial circles, with
eircumbendibus highways which led nowhere, and
vigorously set to work to make through roads.
These are our ten:pike-roads. Their plan
was to obtain an Act of Parliament which
created a temporary trust, consisting of the
landowners and clergy interested, enabled the
trust to raise money, to purchase land, to
form the road, to collect tolls on it, and out of the
tolls to discharge the borrowed capital and interest,
to keep the road up, and to pay all expenses. For
want of a better this was a very good expedient at
the time. It fairly opened up the country, inter-
vetted it with admirable roads, promoted its deve-
lopment, prosperity, and intercourse, facilitated our
postal transit, sod converted raad•making into a
science.

Although, therefore, it may sow have oatlived its
time, we mull not be ungrateful to the turnpike-
road system; for we owe a debt of deep gratitude to
it, and to the squires, too, who so generally availed
themselves of it. It had, however, from the Ant
great faults. It was begun and carried out capri-
ciously, without any enlarged plan or general views.
Each county had too or three separate trusts, making
separate, sometimes competing, roads, with separate
establishments. There was little connexion or in-
ternments even between the trusts of continuing
nab. As a rule, the roads were extravagantly con-
strained and expensively managed, and not a few
were sere jobs, either of some large proprietor or of
Nam malty lawyer, who acted as clerk to the trust.
Had sorb county undertaken the tank for itself, and
breeight all the turnpike roads which ran through it
in a hetet-pot, they would have bequeathed to us a
much easier task of reform and improvement than
we have to deal with.
lasienuch as turnpike-roads serve for highways or
keel roads, they are entitled to statute labour eom
the krmers, and this labour is either given in kind
sr is commuted into a money payment. But in the
min the principle of construction and of reparation
Is that those who use turnpikes should pay for them.
On a great many turnpikes the principle failed hem
the first; for at the maximum rate of toll. and mum-
her of toll-ban, the receipts never furnished enough
to keep down the interest on the debt, to maintain
the read, and pay heavy establishment charges. Yet
the turnpike itself might nevertheless be a meet
useful and desirable one, both as a through and a
local road. Clearly, then, however smart a principle
it looked and read and sounded, it had from the first