The Express.
London, England, 1850-07-13 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, JULY 13, 1850.

Sir B. EUXION hoped that If the mattes Indiana were
mot to be paid la the maser originally *greed upon ,:they
would be paid ia elms other ismi.
The mite was than "greed te.
Oa the vote for 2901. for the Bahama Ideal*
Col. SIBTHORP wished M know *by this teawas only
2001., whom la the meat pegs there was 1,2001. for the salary
of the gnaw
Tee CHANCELLOR el the EXCHEQUER said that
the vote of 1.2001. was included is the vote for the goveraers
ef the West ledie Idea&
Mr. BRIGHT swished so know whether the mesa who
appeared as Bieber of Kentreal, with 1,0001. a year, ass
the same pima who enema ea the Madmen of
Qtlabee, with 5001. ; mad *tithe' the purses who wee Ma-
dame of Qualm was the mate imilvideal who appeared as
Easter' Op. with MOI a year. (Meer, hem.) If
1 ,9001. of die massy wee thus paid so sae sad the
lane Canada, it was important that the hems
shesY Ism% la order that it miaht pet a seep to an en-
thrrid la grow a rimester. Heolsonristied to Mew
ffrler et Christ Chunk and 13!. Mathews was the
setae woes
Mr. HAWES mid that the motor of Christ °keret and
St. Mathews was me sad the same pima, but thempay-
meats would awe with the death of the party. With
roger* le the other nee, he was ant im a politica to state the
meat rota. TM late Bishop of Moat:eel Pensive& 3,0001.,
sad having Demme old he appointed a eseQater, a whom
beert 1,0001. The mem% bishop held that 'pp:Mt:lent
no, sad with it he hold the other two mentioned by the
hoe. madame. miskieg his salary altogether 1,9001.
Ater a low wards tram Mr. Homo, the vote wee speed to.
TM man vete wee 18,0201. for the 'slake of governors,
Mrthe West India *Maim
. HUME soled that this vote should be postponed, me
he willed he take the seem of the hew* whether the polo-
oleo whishmsesesed aeltgovnamsamt ought not to pay these
ealmieethemseives.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER hoped the
boa. gentleman would mot prow me hardly on the West India
Islands
Mr. BRIGHT thought the governimat might 100110111760
considerably by hiving me governor only for three or tour
adjacent islands. The governor-M.ldd of the Limrd
I leads had 3,0001. a year; the powers*: of the Windward
Islandi, 4,0001., and each had • staff of clerks sad ofßoers.
The aspens might also be diminished by a nada sr-
ramemeat with regard to the Judges,—havlmg them to go on
a kind of limit.
Sir B. N. BUXTON did not think it would be wise to
reduce the salaries of the govemrs. It was desinbla that
W names of the governors should be printed in the future
'animates.

Thie7eis was agreed to.
41,16 a the salaries of stipendiary justices in the colonic'.
I. answer to Mr. SOY%
Mr. HAWRS said the Judea were a very valuable class
of ofßeers, and they were blessing mire necessary with the
Muses* of migraine.
Me. HUME said they bad been appointed at the time of
innandpstion to see jostles dose daring the apprenticeship ;
but there was no reason why they should be longer son.
tinged.
Mr. COBDEN asked if it was meant that they should
continua in_yerpenity.
Mr. HAWKS was understood to reply In the negative.
Mr. amour asked the *usher of stipendiary.magii-
irises in each colony. He understood there were eighteen
in Jamaica, only three in Barbados, and but one in An
Ulna. Perhaps the somber might properly be diminished
in seas of the fooled's.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said it was
perfectly trite the magistrates had been /Appointed with a
view to the apprenticeship and their numben had since
been diminished ; but when immigration began to take
place, it was thought proper to prevent the musket of jus-
tices from befog further diminished, se it had been after the
termination of the aprentiesship. This amounted for the
different numbers in W different solonies.

After • few weeds fria Mr. V. SMITH,
Mr. HENLEY asked how many of these magistrates
this, wets, and tie eatery of each ?
Mr. HAWES said their number was 86; they had each a
salary of 3001. a year, and 1601 a year for travelling ea-
rwig. They were not appointed for any specified time.
The same qualification was required as for justices of the
peace is thi. country.
Mr. HENLEY—Does the hon. gentleman mean they us
to hare as estate of 1001. a'year ? (Laughter.)
Mr. HAWES—That is only the legal qualification.
Mr. HUMS hoped that no more of these officers would be
appointed.
Sir E. N. BUXTON thought it desirable that they should
be continued; they had been of the greatest owner:a the
extinction of slavery.
Mr. hIACGREGOR considered these officers necessary.
The v.ftwas then agreed to, and the holm resumed.
CRIME AND OUTRAGE (IRELAND) BILL.
Oa the motion f r the second reading of this hill,
Mr. Id. O'CONNELL .bjected to their reading it a second
time at that hour of the night. It had been sent down to
them by the Lords with a fosse years' renewal. If the second
reading was pressed he would move an adjournment of the
hoax.
Sir W. SOMERVILLE said that though ►e did not agree
with the objectirn of the hen. gea•lemen to the bill, be
would consent to postpone the second reading until blonds,

next.
After a few words from Mr. Y. J. O'CoNgEtz, pretestiog
against the second reading of the bill unless the government
gave some reasons for doing so,
Tits second reading wss postponed till Monday.
INCORPORATION OF
__BO_R9CORS CONFIRMA•

TION BILL.

This bill was read a third time, and passed.
APPOINTMENTS_ TO OFFICES, &c

BILL.-

HILLS OF licaArros 'BEY&
These bills wore reed a sewed claw
HIGHWAYS (SOUTH WALES) BILL.

This bill passrd thronib committee jr,o fined.
WEIOIiTS AND MEASURES BILL.
This bill, as amenied, was considered and sgrecd to.
The remaining orden were ili.posed of, and the home
adjourned, at a quarter put oil o'clock, till Monday.

MUSIC.

gne erprtols.

OUTGOING melys

The Rails Ise Lab.. spelt, tad Gibealtar will be made
ay esi the vacesisi of July 17.
Tb. Weet Nadia Mails, eases, Berimida, Havesaah,
Ifseem, Medusa. New Orleans, and Megeo, end WWI.,
these hr !WNW It. Juan-Mllleangua, New Ormaila,
Oldl. end Itre.e• be sods up ea ihe meraieig el July 17.
The teal* ha MIA Norsk Mnerise sad the Osited
States will be male es the mean of July 19.
TM salle Itr 9Mallar, Naha, Onset, the Menus Isleads,
Bop% Oryles, Inds, sal China, eia Bouthaptea, will
bs siege up ea lie senley: of July 20.
TM nails sit Muslim% M the Bledilentama, ligypt,
Orylea, let* Ilearilmi. an, will be mole up oa the
mislay of July IL
The sails for Matieda. Ibe Ihmils, and Buenos Apra, will
be sale up on lbs mass If August 4.

SION WATIIIt A? LONDON SUDO&
Tam 11.1-111mAg, 416314.......... /rah. 616 IS.
Trussainr—igrulai. ta.lisa. Ali . 6k.111a.

LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 13.

OP the two modes of arguing the great question of
the punishment of death. that which examines whe-
ther the dread penalty be really effective in deterring
from murder, or whether it be provocative of such
crime by the ideas it presents, and the excitement it
causes, is alone worthy of serous consideration. For
if quitting this line of argument, the subject be
weighed, and judged merely by the force of senti-
ment on both eider, we may be pretty sure that the
sentiment of vengeance will prevail, and call for
death in rude states of society, and that the sentiment
of humanity will be the most influential in a highly
civilised community.
Two causes in ancient times led to the infliction of
death punishments. One was, that in a state pre-
vious to law, or of imperfect law, every man guarded
his own life and property, and defended or avenged
attempts on either to the full of his passion and
caprice. Individul passion did not shrink from
taking life. As the object of law was to
supersede, and at the same time satisfy, this
right of private vengeance, public, vengeance to the
extreme of deprivation of life was offered. The Times
announces that this is a natural law, this offering
of blood for blood. We deny altogether that it is a
natural law, however it may be a traditional habit.
It was the result of a lawless state of society, of
fearful barbarism, in fact. The cry of blood for blood
is a brutal appetite, like any other brutal appetite in-
cident to that state of life. But it is not a natural
sentiment that would spring up in •society like ours,
were we for the first time called to consider the
subject.
The second great cause of inflicting the extreme of
punishment was, that • religious feeling became
blended with that of justice; that a criminal was con-
, sidered as having offended the Deity as much as
man, and his immolation was demanded as an expia-
tion of his crime, grateful to the Deity as well as
useful to man. There is no one living who would
uphold such a doctrine as this. But, still, our old law
of treason, and, indeed, our mode of dealicg with other
crimes, savour strongly of such ideas, and so be-
queathed to us a catalogue of atrocitie., in the way of
penalties, which have one by one been abolished.
The idea of inflicting death for either expiation or
retribution is, however, utterly incompatible with
Christianity. The great characteristic of Christianity
is to regard death in quite a different light from that
in which heathenism regarded it. With them it was
a deprivation of the only great good, life ; but from
the day that our Saviour chose to hallow it by sub-
mitting to the barbarous law of ignorant mankind,
death has assumed a very different character and
aspect, a high and a holy one, which we do our best
to degrade by still treating it as the heathens did, that
is, as the extreme of physiesl punishment. Death is our
common lot, that of the best and the worst of us. It
is the gate from this world to the next, an inevitable
transition, which our divines labour to represent
as gl.rious and hallowed, whilst our judges, on the
contrary, hold it up as an infamous and a dread inflic-
tion. There is not a second of time in which some
soul from our crowded population does not take its
immortal flight. Whilst the gallows liberates by
strangulation one guilty soul, the noblest and most
innocent suffer from natural causes and from inevi-
table decree the same crisis and undergo the same
transition. What is gained by thus assimilating the
punishment of the guilty with the end of the gkrious
or the virtuous man? We answer, the desecration
of a holy thing, and the vulgarisation of a noble one.
No sentiment has made greater progress in our age
than a respect for death. There is no European com-
munity that does not now shrink from executions.
Even in Turkey they are abhorred. Fifty years ago
an infamous criminal, when brought out to be exe-
cuted, was launched into eternity amidst the hootiogs
of the populace. Now, the worst of criminals in such
a position excites the sympathy and the respect of
beholders. Some attribute this to morbid and

diseutd sensibility. On the contrary, we attribute the
change not to the weakening of the public nerve, but to
the maturity of the public reason, which looks upon this
world and into the next with different ryes and
thoughts from of old. There are few now who do not
consider how crime is generated, how much poverty
and position have to do with it, and how much more
becoming human wisdom and power it could be to
prevent than to puni-h. Whether as Christians, or
as men, the growing sentiment of the public on such
a question is not to be doubted. And that growing
sentiment is rational, as well as powerful, and legis-
lators must make up their minds sooner or later to
bow to it.
Practicil men, however, ILS officials are compelled
to be, will continue to harp upon the danger of remov-
ing altogether the deterring influence of the punish-
ment of death. And herein lies the difficulty ; for
certainly if Ministers were to treat the motion for
abolishing death punishments as they treated that for-
bidding Sunday labour in the Post-office—that is, at
once admit, and give it a trial : if in that case the
number of murders should chance to augment, and
an atrocious instance chance to occur, this would
cause such a reaction of opinion as would fling the
question back for half a century.
The advocates of abolition ought therefore to be
. . . .

well prepared with a scheme o-of punishment to re-
place that of death. Considering, as we do, the depri-
vation of life to be an unfit and unchristian penalty for
the law to enforce, we think, at the same time, that it is
not deterring. When a man calculates on the prosper
five enjoyment of his cupidity or his passion, death as
the alternative of his failure is almost more sativfac-
tory, becausJ more conclusive, than a lingering life of
punishment. In crime, dictated by sudden passion,
the prospect of death incites, perhaps, more than it
deters. And in crimes of calculation we cannot but
think, that an increased certitude of condemnation to
a lingering and miserable life, would be more deter-
ring than the increased prospect of I seeps on trial, or
of a speedy extinguishment of earthly suffering.

Time death of the Duke of CAMBRIDGE affords the
government an opportunity, if they please to use it,
of introducing a valuable practical reform in the ma-
' nagement of the crown estates. It is well known that
the system on which the forests have been governed
is exceedingly anomalous. There have been two dis-
tinct sets of officers connected with these properties.
The ancient system of government by the officers of a
ranger or lord-warden has been perpetuated at a con.
siderable cost to the country, whilst the more modern

system of control by the eiccutive officers of the go-
vernment for the time being has been imperfectly
broaght into operation, as recent evidence has very
fully shown.
In some of tho forests and royal properties the
office of ranger or war Jon has been for a long time
past almost an honorary office, accompanied with no
emolument and embarrassed with the performance of
no important duties. But in all these cases a staff of
officers has been kept up upon the plea of main-
taining the official dignity. In other cases
the office of ranger is hereditary. The l)uke of
(inArruN, Lord Cituiteittu, and the Earl of Moats-
is( MON, respectively exercise the privileges of ranger-
ship over the forests of Whittlewood, Wychwood,
and Epping ; and, especially in the two last in-
stances, they have made such excellent use of
ition