The Express.
London, England, 1850-11-13 00:00:00

AORICTLTIIEZ AND COMMERCE.

To promote suseliQrstioos, to rains dourness, le the duty
of the admioistratios of commerce sod sericulture. The

crisis which afflicts our agriculture calls for all our solicitude.
The extent of the evil has rendered all the resource. p!eced
at the disposil of the government insufficient to make a very
general distribution of them.
It has app-need, therefore, desirable to localise their
eppliestion. Purchases of grain for the army and navy
departments, where the markets were most depressed, have
in some degree mi.igated the general distress by restoring
firmness to the markets.

Although in 1050 the harvest of cereals his not covets•
winded to all the hopes that were en'ertained of It, it has
lelt no fears fur the supply of the wants of the country.
The low pries of wheat cannot fail to lead to a cones-
ponding reduction of the value of cattle.
The adminis:ration of agriculture neglects nothing which
may forward the rearing of cattle. Thus the competition for
the prizes this year has been greater than ever. Besides the
local exhibitions, there have been evened exhibitions for
whole provinces at Niemen, Aurillac,Bsint-Lo,end Bourdeaux,
and a general pries exhibition at Versailles, more portico.
larly designed to promote the improvement of breeds. The
numberless breeders who have come to Versailles prom
the utility of this institution.
. .

The biieding or horses advances with satisfactory results.
The sdminietration of breeding studs has proceeded with are
gulari, which deserves t►e praises of all who tare an in-
terest in the state of our agriculture or the cavalry of our
army. The number of horses has multipled, and their
value is increued.

The institution of nen bu this year been considerably
developed; in all, a sum of 600,000 francs has be..n siren
fnr prizes. As the sam voted by the state was only 300,000
francs, it will he seen that the chief pan of thew prizes were
raised by local contributions.

Toe pr'actice of sgricultural operations has made pewee.
gene which, by their importance, amount to actu‘l revolu-
ti 'no in economy. In the course of the seitinn, the minist,r
will submit to the Assembly sensors ter.ding to develop
winks of irrigation. He will call your attention to
operations of drainage, which are in England subjects
of so great encouragement. A law concerning the
. .

policy of industrial manures will be proposed to you.
The: remark ibis methods of cultivation, of se-ting and
preparation of flax, which have just been introduced into
R Ireland, and Belgium, can no longer be matters of
indifference to the government. It has deeply studied them,
and the results will be submitted toyou in the exposition of
motives for the law which will be proposed to vou for the
removing of all; tax on the entry of flaxseed, for sewing,
from the provinces of Riga.
The new lieu gained in the science of agriculture, are
propagated for the benefit of the youth of the country,
through the medium of local and agricultural schools ; cud
fur the benefit of agriculturists by the publication of reports
emanating from the most competent men.
The industrial situation of the country has become gene-
rally ameliorated during 1850, even taking 1849 in the term
for comparison. Almost everywhere the activity commenced
during the past year has been maintained, often increased.
The recent reports of the chambers of commerce and mania-
futures indicate this prosperity. The menu factores of cloth and
wool fabrics, those of linen and cotton, skins, potteries Rises,
and obfrc,s of luxari , have found easy and advantageous
&Douche' 8. The manufactures of silk have hitherto showed
the MN 'Welty:
If metallergic industry has not yet been raised in what
concerns the manufacture of articles destined for railroads,
the construction of machinery has made a progressive
movement corresponding to the leCTC•110 of bullies'. A few
facts will Rive the exact measure of the progress made.
In the first half.year of 1847 the government authorised
the creation of 92 industrial esiablishmenta ; in 1849 their

number fell to 68, and to last year to 43. For the first half
of the present year they have risen to 87.
The charges of brokers and Atoekbrokers have resuntei
their value; the sales this year have ban as numerous as in
1847.

The Counefl of State is about to examine the project for
the regulation of the public administration, marking the
exceptions which claim the execution of the law on the
;imitation of the continuance labour to 12 hours. This pro
jest regards the need of industry, while it respects the law.
The trait of the expectance of the most eminent manufac-
toren, it will do away with such few difficulties as have
been raised.

Two laws, lateresting as regards the integrity of transac-
tions—one on the manias of kiwis,' and the other on their
divnion and measurement, will be submitted to you in the
course of the semioa.

The patent law of 1844 mils somemodificitions in order
to ensure inventors a more efficacious guarantee of their
rights ' • they will be proposed to you.
The National Assembly bee bents it three projects of law.
One pre sewed in Much, 1850, proposes to reform tko cool.
mercial regime of the Isle do Is Reunion in • more liberal
maw, and more suited to the new element' of exchange
being developed between our colony end the neighbouring
countries of AM.
The second, mimed by the departments of tonmeroe and
war, and submitted to the Assembly on the let of May, bee
for objet the regulation upon more liberal beau of the tom-
menial and economical regime of Algeria. It should, in the
opinion of the government, give • decisive impulse to the
roams of Monisation.
Lastly, the thud project brought before you oa the 12th
of July morns the nrif of sugar. Without overlooking
the difficulties of • definitive solution, the govern-
ment has thought that is • proposition reducing the
tax which wei3hs on the consumer, and replacing it
by • salleleatly protective sad prohibitive duty, which shall
keep back Aweigh sugar, it will ociabise with equity the
popular interest which shim at a low price with the
interest of the native*" eolonie predator, those of the com-
mercial mats, end these et the timenry. The definitive
selection of these three qualm sow belongs to the vote
of the Assembly.
Other melioration an reedy. The deneerement of com-
ments, aided bye epeeist seaminess', has pregmed • project
of lee on the allowsnee of medusa fee tie -essouregensat
of great fisheries. The mew law apses fa Dessuabeff ,
81,1881.
At hose, the nestle of sew itiMMIM dleSimaim, by the
creation of now beaded wareheann, awl the simplification
of the lerstalialss et Iseads. by the meshes@ application
of SifilLogine of brm! Owilwast. administration
has Wee new handle kr the lallwesume between Franco
sati hokum
The department of ammesse hes takes all the nermusry
mewsures, in older thee the manatees of French pilau..
may figure with MOM at the universal exhibition of
Lonna is 1851.
la She Wont of a enamels' amine ea inquiry analo.
roe in that of 1824 will he evened disesly, sad will allow of
estityker sli wants. The shipowners sit ler It, and the
awesome Mires it. It will not lon remit unprofitable.
Ames.* the beedtutiese which the govereatest intend to
develop% is. saddles of meant eassexasesesat and use-
melee hot peed= heeded by the Sista
As easpelry wldeb h yarned with estisity, will give as
assawet 'Ube snake, et seektles et mantel aweewt already
=Wise In Prance, eat the services whisk they give.
la tie meanwhile as le neglected se about
the Itematieu of thaw fitseas am hogeg

be in relation to the ideas of the legislator ; and the go-
verment may.oongratulate itself, that it has the support
of all the chief manufasturers, and particularly those of
Lyons and Walhansen, who have ab ea the widen example.
The quarantine measures furnish the government with a
means of g eeing the public health from exterior clan-
! gets. Bat three, pushed too fir, burden our foreign com-
meree sod trefil,.. Restrictive principles on this subject
set up by foreign governments greatly prejudice our
interests, without admitting any reciprocity on our part;
our regulation, have been dictated in a most liberal spirit.
Au agreement between the powers owning the chief Medi.
terrapins ports will be the means of removing the vexatious
loss of time and money now taking
The National Assembly has .Iso wider notice three eaten
till projects of law : On judicial organisation, on judicial
usistance, and noon mortgages.
The first fulfils one of the obligations imposed by
the constitution. The two others teams protases contained
in the message of June 16, 1849.
But the law on mortgages would be insufficient for the
establishment of credit fowler. It gives solidity to the ter-
ritorial peanuts., but does cot accelerate its liquidation' and
does sot cause the cessation of those complaints which
name of tardiness those regulations of mortgage debts.
The administration of justice, in order to complete its
work, has prepared a new project of law upon the distribu-
tion, in order, of the price of landed or house property, the
measure conciliatiog es much as possible prompitudc and
security.
The attention of the Assembly will be called at the
some time to prects of law relative to the restoration
of criminals to their rights on the expiration of that.
sentences. Si: thousand criminals bell in our

convict establishmt nts of Toulon, Brest, and
Rochefort, Tire., upon the public treasury with en
enormous wtight, and more and more deprave and
menace s-ciety. It seems practicable to render the
c melon punishment more efficacious, more moral in its ten.
deceits. less costly, and at the lame time more humane,
by utilising it (or the progress of colonisation.
It is at the same time proposed to render the surveillance
to which our felonious criminals are subjected, more useful
and more real. The number of crimes and misdemeanours
committed to each year proves how much our criminal
I. Right! ion requites improvement. But the modifications
nquiree by our penitentiary system would natter a repetition
of crime lies tercet et.
They will by this means contribute to the work of justico
and moraliss•ion, which the magistracy continues to exer-
cise witk so much impartial devotion and vigilant firmness.