The Express.
London, England, 1850-01-28 00:00:00

the erartoo.

OUTGOING MAILS.
The Nest ladia Math, including Bermuda, Havanna,
News. t ineduras, New Orleans, and Mexico, and *minding
Mime I,r Madeira, St. Juamde-Niesreans, New Grenade,
Chili. and PITO, will be made up ea the morning of Feb. 2.
The motile kw Mader* the Brasil', and Buenos Apree,will
mate up ea the evening el Fob 4.
The naafi ftLisbm, Spots, and Gibraltar will be made
yes Feb. 7.
The owls rid Mareeilles, to theediterranean, leer.
C•110r, bike, Ilearliong, he., be made up cm tbe
esinan: of Feb. 7.
'I he mills fir British North Americo sail Me Gaited
Mimeo • id be amok up cm the emaiag of Feb. S.
The . teas kr Gibraltar, halm. Grime, the leaks blends,
Nor Coylos, India. sad China. rig liesthempies, will
be INp es the moaning of Feb. 20.

TO COIULIVONDENTK.
As UMW Mr The !pew Luisa evailit =imer
. Z.—JO Nsawslikalms. le Two Waist de elf IN dr

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L'INDON. MONDAY, JANUARY 28.

7w conference at Burghley has broken up with-
out eo.nieg, it is raid, to say resolution. In the
hospit. de semi= of Lord EXETER the chiefs of pro-
teedon sae gathered together, mutually to condole
on the .1 fortune that has of late attended their indi-
vidue, and in common to take counsel as to
their r June in the approaching campaign. After
long_ othate the sole determination these wise men
could ..-.^rive at, was the very prudent one rot to deg id.
on sa, eing, but to give themselves the longest
peat tme for " further consideration," and the lest
post!.. :hence of " what may turn up." Not
until Thursday mornirg next will they omen
make ,p thew minds whether there is to be
any a• minuet to the address. Rumour generally
under km to tell a few inquisitive hours beforehand
what .c purport of the Royal Speech will be ; and
the ,pulists, grown cannons by experience, have
with • ';ty:ng pruthmee taken the resolution of wait-
ing, or.' ii they know what her I%Lairsir may be ad-
vised s +ay, before they finally determine on the tone
they T- il adopt in answer.

Ir :atectionist meetings can he at all considered as
It fair tr anifestation of the opinion of the several grades
of ger iulturista, there is but one inference to be
drawl :tem them, which is, that the farmers are caw
=lv the power and at the mercy of the land-
Things are in England, as they bate bee n
heed .1 Ireland, where a large claw, having but the
lad t ire on, and knowing no other profession or
mode t turning and supporting ttemeelves save
the ind, must have it on any terms, and
with .ny sacrifice of the only capital they
pc. ~• . Hence, if land is to be sold, it brings
its pr • : if farms are to be let, tenants are found to
offer r c cad price` And English landlords—even
sea 1 • ral men as Mr. GlzillOßNE and Lord LYITEL-
TO2l-- v. rent is an affair of supply and demand.
Why • ,uld we take a low rent when a farmer will
be fat. Ito give a niightiostrieg squire ten shillings
as at- tore ?
As t. clue, we cannot bat think the farmers a most
injur. am. And indeed let any one who can clot a
reties • c: over an agricultural district of thirty
feat oink him of what has become of the rich farm-
ing el-. • when he knew in his Tooth. What has be-
come r: them, what of their families? Where have
the It. ..ands which these men were worth vanished
to ? '.es have vanished into the pockets of the
Iliadic- .11:and have goes the way. of horseflesh and
degte and mortgage and jointure. Under the
spite • protection and varying pricer, now high
now r. the squirearchy of England, and not the tree
trade • . :s Mr. Mt3TZ would represent it, have literally
atec • is flesh off the irises of the farmers ; and what
they t the rest of the community to do, is to taz
them •-•a in order to put enough of flesh on them to
allow • .e landlords to continue their meal.
Th.:- was a tenant farmer at the Lincoln meeting
the ot: er day, who seemed to have an inkling of this,.
Ala, • he rose to support a protectionist clause,
be co not help making the remark that the capital
of the tenant was universally at the mercy of the
without any law to protect him. The
farm be declared, altogether lacked spirit and ia-
dept. ; nee, without which they were worth little
as m. and still less as farmers. In order to procure
them 4.e portion of both, he would propose, as a
eon 1.. to protection, tbl ballot. Now there was a
fame who saw further than the length of his team.
Tr • ,'..rmers are, in fact, not in a positi.in to reason
with r.dlxds. Amateurs who write in magazines,
may he up a fanciful debtor and cr.ditor account,
bet . • what a working farmer cannot do. It is
aly the end of two or three years that he can tell
is wl 1• situation he is, and then hope comes to cheat,
and landlord to browbeat him. And yet we
won r.ot accuse the English gentleman of hard-
heart. em, or a reckless desire to ruin and crash
either sae class under him, or the clan over against
him. Toe English landlord sins very much through
isnot a ea. He goes to the university, he iearns Greek,
sad to, and me:matins, a scruple of theology, as
mach f political economy (manufactured always
for 11-.dord use), and ace politics as are gleaned
mall from his fellows. Bst of the science of land
rind i 4 ,enductiveneen of the great social laws which
shoe. I:rect and modify Lis relations, political and
pm • ry, with his dependents—of that, we are
warty ..) say, the gentleman knows little. So
that 4e now we him defending his right to high
rests ...d prices with the same blustering. and sense-
less I. n race, that Orange and Tory squires support
tbsit atical ascendancy. The fact is, that landlords
do in • inland, and therefore can neither support

e their pro lesion.
Hi the pear display the landlords make at their
meet. ,r.. Mr. CHAPLIN would not discos rent at
Line . • : it was a parade matter, be said, between
him i.. his Masts. What was a reduction of 13
per t. on the rent, said Air. BAKER, at Hertford.
It w I a flea-bite. They wanted Bs. a quarter, or
from .to 325. an am increase from protection. An
abate-% -.meat of all the rent would not attain this.
What .hey wanted was something large; petty
pia.a .d small industry were not worth fighting for.
The he* ie, that agricultural prices obtained by pro-
teetioa am like profits obtained by smuggling or lot-
terie-, lei largo and exciting, so alternating between
• 5m..% (mime and utter ruin, that people accustomed
to as h speculations cannot settle down to turn an
homit p -any, or be contented with it.
la.tead et emeostagiag them in such idly lucrative
ways. which have really merely encouraged both
lanth >id sad farmer to fling away money, it is for the
mem at..ty at large to bring those privileged classes
to rehe .n. As to the farmer, he can only be saved
I stalling down to an Irish pauper, by &sull-
ies I ie leadlerd's logic for commercial rules, promises,
cad I.! :in seam. And the landlord himself, if he does
not it odes the political economy of his ease fie that
of world at law, will find himself, first pecuniarily
and politically, shelved.
r al'y will not do fcr landlords to nay that the
plies .f the me of the sail is an affair of supply and
deur •4. This might be a fair rule if farmers were
an it d pendent class, paying a fair alternative, with
fartilit e. Ht fair and provident calculation. Yoe must
emer::l ate a otos err you can conclude a fair bargain
with it sad make land a much freer commodity than it
is ere y i•ti talk of supply and demand.
Noe will it do to argue, with the Morning
poet, that the owner of land is entitled to
moo rent as the interest of so muci
sepitel spent in fertilising the soil. The
re& a ell interest-bearing eap:tal ought to be : first,
its b.• n 4 wisely expended ; secondly, its repaying
heat within a certain time. Capital laid out in fu-
see, or weeks will not bring profit ;its elernumi
Neit• • r will capital applied to land. The sum spent
fifty c urn ego, whether in cotton mills or land-re-
elaWi.,g, has little right to demand, at this time of
day, en aterest proportioned to the outlay. There
are ti•nefaotaring towns in England whose whole
coo I :.as perished, been confisated by bad years
and ii .011/00011dal trade. Fresh capital and fresh owners
have • rived three towns, and refitted the factories.
1.1110 ..lone cannot be eternally reproductive no mare
tin % n.lll ufactures. Both will have their blights,
and must sink under them. Landowners, like the
owner. ti other property, mast bow to the great
law of humanity, winch condemns all things to fade.
And eapital is no more exsozexempt from this law of disas-
ter dicey than Res% orbowers, or the proudest and
gresteet of human elements and materials.
.tated some time back our belief that the aris-
tocracy of this country would not be able to perpetuate

its lanaenes and wealth by attaching itself solely
to land. And we are more easvmced of that every
day. Land is but an element—a raw you
every day makes more and
more expenditure of labour ima of skill upon
it to render it prodoetive. The raw ma-
terial, that is, the natural fertility of the soil,
becomes every day more and more a matter
of public interest, and less and less a matter
of private gain. If any clam, or any numbers,
could monopolise the air or the water necessary for
life, what power in law could enable them to mountain
it I' Lad is veaternfrom being in the same category.
But still it is tly so to render it bopslem to
make any ideas or claims of private interest prevail
against the powers and the neceesities, which are
loon crooftued into the rights, of the great mass of
the population.

Mn. Lleaaufs silence with regard to his rents at
Hogheades, was so portentous and significant, that
we should at have deemed it neeeesary to recur to
the subject had mot the statement which we made on
Friday week engaged the lineation and received the
confirmation of a contemporary.
A correspondent of the nines, in Buckinbanishireel
who has been engaged in inquiries as to the state of
agriculture is thit district, makes the following state-
ment of this interesting cue. He says :
We inquired particularly to what exteatredectleas of rent
had taken place in this usichboarbood ; bat we could not
mesuala that any reduction worth mentioning as such bad
esamarel. There are five eases of terms becoming vacant
lies muses unconnected with the present premiere on the
ambratural interest. Two of then rams beloeged to the
ease Want, who gave them up because be saw no prospect
of making . anything by taming hereafter. His
place we. immediately supplied by °dun, and at
a very slight reduction of rent, if any. Of the
three morning farms, two are the property of Mr. Die
mil. Public attention has already been drawn to the sub<
jest of the farm., or we should not perhaps have deemed
it proper to refer to it specifically. Having, however,
inquired into the circumstances on the spot, we deem it
rigid to state the facts at we beard them.
Mr. Disraeli's estate Is about 800 acres In extent, and the
two farms in question are the rent-yielding portions
of it. The family occupying one of these farms
had been 32 years in possession ; that owypying
the other, 20 The former proprietor, Mr. Norris,
is dearribed as a kind indulgent man, who let his land for
less than its real value. Mr. Disraeli bought the estate a
year mad a half age, on a valuation made after the death
of Mr. Norris, which took place four years age—the calms.
film being said. during the period of high prices, and with
a view to a sate. The tenant whom family had been begot
in paseesion succeeded a man who only produced 10 bushels
of wheat an sere, and was unable to make anything of
the 'land at a rent of 7s. N. an arr. Mr. Norris
prodded farm buildings at his own cost, for which be
charged an increase d r• rat, to cover the interest of his outlay.
Daring • tuners of 32 years, is the course of whisk the
original lessee died, testing the farm to he managed by his
widow sad young sous, the original average crops have been
doubled. The valuation under which Mr. Disraeli par.
chased increased the rent, it is said, 25 per cum, and this
macaw was paid by the occupiers for two years, in
the hops that during that time they might extract
from the soil the capital they had invested in it, and which
they mar have lost if they had immediately given up pos.
session. Evan if prices had remained as bigh as when the
valuation wag mate, the occupier states that he would not
have agreed to pay the increased rents charged fur a m-
ammas*. Thereon, when prie. s tea so I me, he applied to
Mr. Disraeli for a reduction of rent to tee amount of 10 p r
cent., and his fellow tenant also applied. The rates, it
should be mentioned, bad during 'lto last five years increased
from 4.. 62. to 8< 6d. The application for a reduction of
relit has been refused by Mr. Disraeli, who has let the two
rums on terms little, if ar all, ander those which the retiring
tenants retitled to pay. The rew tenants are neighbouring
Partners.
This is the statement of the case by one who
wishes to preserve his impartiality, whilst ho has evi-
dently a friendly. leaning to Mr. DISRAELI. There
are one or two minor errors in it, such as that Mr.
DISRAELI purchased the estate " a year and a half
ago," whereas it was b ought by him in 1846, or early
in 1847. It is also an error of words to any that the
tenant " applied to Mr. DISRAELI for a reduction of
rent." He applied that his rent should not be raised,
according to the terms of the notice he had received,
and this was an application which Mr. DISRAELI re-
ferred to entertain.
But &peg from these paints of detail here we have,
from personal inquiry instituted by a friendly band, a
full confirmation of the allegation so stoutly denied by
Mr. DISRAELI in the presence of the Buckingham-
shire farmers, that the rents upon the Hughesdon
estate bad recently been raised. We repeat again
Mr. DISRAELI'S words :
I fled that it is steed 'hat I have raised my rents very
considerably very recently, and I am requested to meet Mr.
Cobden at Aylesbury to-morrow to explain' the owed
of my so doisg. I have occasion now to tres-
pass very lightly upon your attention with regard
to this subject. There is no farm in my
umeastion the rent of which I have raised one sixpence.'
(Hue, hear.) The whole statement is an unmitigated fabri<
cation. I dreamed of doing such a thing at any time
--certainly at the present time I am the very last man who
would think of such an act ; and I have once more to re-
peat, in order that there may be no mistska, that the state-
ment alluded to is an unadulterated invention, and 1 suppose
an invention slot up to revs the purposes of the moment.
We shall not attempt to reconcile ;this language
with the facts. Upon a review of the case, Mr.
Dithaecfs own souse of what is right will probably
suggest to him how far he was justified in making
use of such expressions. The fact of a very considera-
ble advance of rent upon Mr. DISRAELI'S estate is a
clear and even an admitted fact ; and we shall not
stop to inquire whether " be" made it, or whether
he only took advantage of the notice which had been
given by some one before him. The tact is what we
have to do with, and that fact is established. There
has been very recently a very considerable rime in
Mr. DISRAELI'S rents upon the Hughendon estate.
Having purchased the property for a political purpose,
at almost a fancy price, and upon a valuation made
avowedly with a view to sale, Mr. DISRAELI is at this
moment receiving for his land nearly one-third more
rent than was ever paid for it by any tenant to any
former proprietor. This is the great fact " which
amerced the farmers at Great Marlow, and which,
wham more fatly known, mast, we should think,
Wert the farmers everywhere else. What pre-
tense, bind, is there for talking about agricultural
degremisa when we find, as in this case, farmers
really sad willing to take land for cultivation at an
Imams of no less than 7s. an acre upon the original
rent el 110 e. ?
The statement of the Times upon this subject
lames, in one respect, a light upon It of which it had
not previously the benefit. We see in our con-
temporary's narrative a singular proof of the
necessity alliteration in the existing system of tenures.
What are we told? The families of the tenants
who have been dispossessed under Mr. DISRAELI,
held the land fur 32 and 20 years respectively.
Prior to their possession it failed to produce a liveli-
hood to the occupier at a tent of 71. fid an acre.
"The lucent longest in possession succeeded a man
who only produced ten bushels of wheat an acre, and
who was unable to make anything. of the land at a
rent of 7s. 6d." This same land, in consequence et
I the industry and outlay of the tenant farmer, now
gradoese double the quantity of wheat it produced
those days. Let us see, however, what rent it pee-
doom. It was let, 30 years ago, at 7s. 6d. an acre; it
is now hued at 27a. an acre. Whilst, therefore, the
I seeps have been doubled, the rent has very nearly
lima quadrupled !
Mr. DISRAELI himself told the farmers at Great
Marlow that " there was no body of men in existence
more iejurions to the commonwealth than a body of
landlords who wish to enjoy at the same time the ad-
vantages of high rents sad low pekes." Mr. Dia-
RAELI may repudiate the advantages of low prices,
but it is evident that he is perfectly esessioas of the
advantages of high tents.

AUDIT or SAVINGS' BANK..—At a Special
general inning of the trustees and managers of the Freon.
dent Institution St. Martin's-place, bald on Friday last, it
was resolved that,i in accordance with the suggestion of his
Itoyed Highness Prices Albert (the president of this invita-
tion), the Governor of the Bank of En gland. Mr.ldestennan,
Boron Lionel Rothschild, and Sir Edmund Antrobus, or
other three or more gentlemen, be requested to appoint an
ememstant, who shall institute such inquiry into, and s ransi •
sides of, the system and accounts of the institution as shall
be to them satis'actory.
ROYAL CialtritAL ANNUITY SOCIETT.—A special
general meeting or subscribers to this institution was held
en 11,tanlay, at the *Mose in Basinghall-street, for the pur-
pose of anisidering the expediency of making certain alters-
tians the ruble; the Um William Lemmas in the chair.
T 4 11th rule was so altered, that TOWS polled for ell ensue-
egiefal candidates should be carried to their credit for " all
suceseding" elections instead of for " three" elections. The
hallowing resolution tuned by Mr. Jones and seconded by
Mr. Taylor, "That any person becoming a subscriber, or
paying a new subssription after the balloting papers ate
tamed for an election of annuitants, shall be Mbwed the
"tics Of giving at that election the whole number of votes
to which they would be entitled for that and the suoreesling
eleigken, OS relinquishing theit right to vote at such stionediug
election, and that this rule come lath operation on sad after
the 30th 'enemy, 1860," was, on the intendment of Mr.
• Forrest, postponed for farther rionsideration till the 18th of
Dearth.