The Express.
London, England, 1850-01-24 00:00:00

LN FRANC RISE NI EN T OF CHELSEA.

rblie meeting of the Inhabitants of Chelsea was
!..t.rday evening, at the Commercial Hail, Kiyr
. t into e .4mnd/ration the be.t mesas of
r.:s Foli•mentarp representation for the rat Wire der
c• r .mrrird within the uni.e4 parishes of Kensington,
Ilanimineattb. awl Fulham. The meeting was
....ad) evil attention.
1.,%.1.1LL having taken lb* chair,
).r. ti.tt..KILL, Jun., marred:
iast this mrst..4 is of 011110% that great injustice was
• - • . Carlias, Keu..agc n, Fulham. and Hammersmith
of pro.ing the Ittforni Bl'l, iessoLch mg the
, 04w wen given to veri.ut bori•eghs throeutiout the
inia•vir m populatwa, wealth, and intelligence,
we. •helly onntted."
•I.r t4)IV.t4)N (Hammersmith), Mosconi:l ig the resole-
-. ,5,...ane4 that so the basis en which tb• Reform Bill
..v.. teemed ChrUtia was clearly intrlncl to • repress-

.e resolution ma 'hen put and carried unanimously.
t. H. M. HIIEREAD moved the second resolution,
r sem as UAL***
last the number of representa• ices to be returned to
ileum of Comtism,s baying been had by the Reform
at teSS, and tool Dumber having be. t r deiced to 656 by
r caw rwathimment of Saosurs, tau dstrict is bettor es-
to aii.piy toot di neitne• ih 114.: te preeentation than
.y other place in the C. i ed K.t.c.l m
Kr reclined that, sot being accustomed to ad IV'S/ public
s as. I es, he was uhanle W tin tLe fee... 111640 fall) unite. He
however. observe teat the due fiat around them
Led • *nag claim on a *kid pinterkaeof.
31:.ltAK'LEI KENNEDY mu.eaded the resolution.
• goatceided that, aces da..g to the eurs.Putics of the
matey, the C =son.' li.os.e tit pariiament should eon
of ti i inem•ers, of ebbe .32 wets &vets. Ito Irish, and
:0 remainder Emmen. Two bid been recently dceked t f
toEmeash cnitiagent, .ad he attended that eummen
wi:e ',Armed that it shou.d be juditisusly rot red. (liter,
a) Tao lour wee era parishes w. re *Ali', u.iy the pio-
n enliven of the ea ant re preeentats.n. Mr. Kennedy
esesided by again reading t.• +rich wept
ch u-,animously.
)1 sEAKLE filmainseramith) moved the third resole-
r lie sieved it, to sad, with the gr. stest pleasure, but
. ter ',ging its justice, he coaceiv.d that to be wbelli
'eery. (Hear, bear.)
T it a petition embodying the foregoing resolutions be
data by the chairman of Jib hecoling end presented to the
wane at C 010010149, and that Joseph Hume, E•q.,
, : • perstat the sane "
Me. M tilt.tTH Doccenned the resolution in an eloquent
ea ed.. tive spa eb, and it was carried by acclamation.
lem.iis were they voted to the comma°, and the meeting
,pared.

AL. !ANT TO MR. ADDERLET, M.P.—On Monday
Mr. Adderley, M P., with the 1100. Mn. Add.rl.y and
te.r tunii.y, was rituals, from fitoseleirk Abbey to
las., ;hew earviue upset, owing to the ivy state of the
•, tit.) were turaiug too quick!) out of the park into
road. Though the carr.au. was completely smashed
•t.. is 4. nee of the 14.1, ar one received arty serious
~.ry tucker than • kw bruises sad slight cuts.
Cfretfr.fr AND BRIGHT will attend a Inset-
..? of tit* FIRMIntI and Perasuientary R-form Association,
. llasenester, on the 29 h inst., wnen
te tory stillieg freehold NalVelaebt win be fairly launched
the a.rtb.

file CuTTON TRADF.—A memorial has been made
E. Cu.tom-hove authorities e y the Am milted Cotton
a. o• the put of L. rpoil,ernoraciar newt: the whole
tine eries2e.l in the bu)ing and selling of cotton re-
or..ett,ei Mat it i. desirable. for the usterrito of merchants
t empt.t)t,l in the cotton trade, to bare correct
1.!.e. A it.. .14.ntity ant d scriptions of raw cotton wool
from kii.eloni, and that by the present me•
el:tenni; rot e dton or exportation at the Castors-
.. It is impowihle to distiarank the several kinds of
IjOr.'!. sod thref,,r, to keep a oweeet account of
at the different perms. 'to rectify this de
rc pet itristieAl information the customs authorities
arc 1 to Limo an order that all entries for exportatios
.. pee tte quantity of bele., and the welt
4.seristios of the article. as such a number
oeigking 50 much of American cotton, or
Emitma, or licit Indian cotton, as the ease may be.
,• wertained that this .1t: ration in the official
- -

he. n:.:e.se no sates tr •ob:e t" any of the ‘ifiters of the
...a. and the 'Raba, the bo ed of trade, at well as
raeet and by ken, to obtain correct eta ivic•l informs-
:, it present so weversally required, and which, by the
,4 wide of a meting the swine, is quite impractice le.
r:terha been customary to re urn the article ea cotton
• r, ai treat any far:nit
.o de.cription' and the 111411111.
.• r• Niehester, and deo the merchants and dealers
• ere very anaiout to be enabled to aseertain
t Ir.ct terninta of the week of cotton wool existing is
•mirt.in has hae hitherto been dose.

tc tie or irietr.-.:41;; following arrivals of
Lace jest takes place. Tie vessel Jan, from Boin
ant 7 twee of silver, eonslgaed to order; the
mad, (nem Callao, 1 box of gold, aidre.se4 to an ,
....et: know, and 1 bac of silver, and 1 boa of g .Id, eon-
, . to the Bank of Raglan ; the Righlaader, from
no. I cams of saw, emaisined to ardor; the Free
• item Oporto, 2 came of spine addressed, sad 1
• asigmai to order; the Olenelgtrom Port Adelaide,
ep, sad the Cape elf Good Hope, 6,491 ban of
tionsigned to order. 1 e of meele from the Cape,
tweed, and 16 boxes of sele4r from Bombay, cosanned to
• tree Charles Brownell, from Coquimbo and Volpe-
it; bars of copper, ad fen-d to a firm of eminence ;
.141•111Cklt, from Bat,., United SWIMS, GOO ban of
c,pp r, similarly ...Jameson ; the Corustie, from Co&
r*. 5144,40, and the Cap-, 1 box of vowie from the latter
• sighed to order; the E.e. x, from Calcutta and the
• I of specie from the latter plan, addressed to •
4.1 a ranee; the Bla k Priuce. from Arica and Islay,
• of copper, to a house of commercial
and the sena Co.ocresm, from Calcutta, 5 boxes
s t. eneidead to order.
tie ON LIGHT, AIR, AND VENTILATION.—It
• . tons Admit:nest by the Berke smutty magistrates,
:nue., with the report of the 'laicise justices, to
slop up, b .fure the sth of April neat, • great
..."4 v. wiadwte ia the county gaol at Resoling, "la
titasi•ish the payment of assessed taxes," it appear.
'" uo whole of the win•lows in the apartmeata mew.
ott, in, besides othess, are taxed annually to no
.1 .mount. The visiting justices, In their report,
• ,ry ...totally. that It appears " unjust and unreason
*te eut,int witablialunents of public utility althea
.:PMeht er pumbial taxes." In order to lessen the an.
h'.td es snhected slat this extensive criminal establish-
. • suatier oleos ligk's have Jest been suppressed, and
er liuruen have beam substitat•d for them
rte use. The sans paid for gas alone, during the
.. amounted to upwards of 4001.
A •`t'•' tent bitICOVRRY has been made with ro-
'4l ts tat the men miming from Lynn. On Monday
. " r"ow, and a knits were found by the aide of
It ion. Upon the puree being shorn to the
k 'Sell, An immediately exclaimed, " That is
"' l'411•••• I ktnm it MeloMeru'l made it myself." She
'lnd that if it eras her uncle's, it was mended in
• "1 fith a double thread ; and oil examination an it
, k.
The puree, thee, of Lien is found end identl-
,....",,";:nt in sue of the mat lonely places in the county,
, , ,'"ovey Mere, a place to which it is very unlikely
e. mu, shove NO y' Cr' of age, would voluntarily
It. ,it tP ` 4114: ides Mint four miles distant from Lynn.
lowa as blown from the head of a
.74' '4 as
; hot the knife, a formidable weapon, h
4t4 "."Mtd..../JlO7 Pat.

MR. COBDEN AT SHEFFIELD.
We eve. by electric telegraph, a summary
_of the
tags occasioned by the visit of Mr. Cobden to
proceedings oocssr.ned by the vi.it of Mr. Cobden to
Sbe.ld on Tuesday, and of the apaches oelieseeal
to the immense assemblage in the Music Hall is the
evening, together with the resolutions. We now give
a fuller report of Mr. Cobden's speech.
Mr. COBDEN said : Mr. Chairman and gentlemen. My
object is monies you tonight is to endeavour to emeriefa
how he we weiscids is our .plaices upon questions gene-
Filly sleeting your intervals in the legislator*,
and also to many to you, as far es I can, my own views
upon mature generally, and net upon any particular ques-
tion before us. (Hear, hear.) Is the first place I ought to
offer you my apologies for not having hal the honour of
addressing you, since it was your pleasure to return me as
your representative to parliament. As • matter of self-inte-
rest a representative of the Wait Riding, sitting on the lib..
ral interest, ought to be specially attentive to Sheffield, be.
sass I believe the Sheffield polling district always sends the
largest majority of liberal voters. There are, I believe,
larger polling districts, but not equal, I believe, to cibelteld, is
the numerical majority of liberal eaten they send to the
poll. (Hear, bear.) But, gentlemen, I belie,* yea ea
eves with me, that • member may possibly claim the sem&
dance of his constituency, if he is at work in their behalf at
wail distance from their locality, if he omits some of those
visits of mere etiquette or ceremony which members am
sometimes disposed to pay their corstituencies when they
may probably be onlratonemente for neglecting their duty
elsewhere. (Hear.) Now, gentlemen, by way of clearing the
ground as we go on to this little eenvernation together, let
me correct • report which has appeared insoles of the papers,
I don't know la what way it originated, that I was to age-
pear here to-night to make a kind of fontanel' tot e
electors of Sheffield, as tea certain lies of Jolley wadi I
in connection with • friend, was be poems in the Maws of
Common' this season; I Goatees I bans M meth ft
reveal to you. I don't think the swum whim\
will take depends much on the Has etpsliey any ividual,
or two individual., may cheese to adopt in that
house; it depends • great deal more on the dia
position and desire manifested by such an smem.
bly as that I now see before me. (Cheers.) It wadi
therefore be very arrogant in me to allow you to suppose
that I go to parliament with the idea that I, as an individual,
mu do much to forward any line of policy on which I hays
set my, heart: but I vein tell you that en assembly such as
this, if it expresses in unmistakeable language its opinion na
favour of any line of policy, will conduce very materially to
the festivities of that policy. (Cheers.) Now, gentlemen
what is likely to be the first business that will alone begin
us at the meeting of parliament? As the animus
has very justly remarked, we halm had the
of protection galveabed and railed up to haunt us
(Cheers sad laughter.) I must say I feel exceedingly grad-
eAi at the coarse the whig cabinet has taken on this sub.
jilt. Oar 'fiends the whigs don't always show sufficient
pluck in their public policy. (Laughter.) Now I will ve
them credit fur this. I believe they haTe taken the right
coarse ia the way in which they intend to meet the prone-
doubts at the opening of parliament by telling upon
Mr. Charles Villien—(loud cheere)—to move the ad
dress to the throne, and thereby proclaim to the promo.
Monists at once that there is no change of polio,
on the part of government contemplated in reference
protection. Why, it is our own veteran champion sad
leader who carried for seven years the flag on which was in-
scribed the motto, "Total and immediate repeal of the =s-
laws ;" and no. the old standard bearer is brought forward
iato the front rank, to heist our old flag with its old moils
slider tho very noses of these protectionist members, and
&ellipse them at the very outset of the session, when they
eire all fresh and hot from these rather disorderly meetings
they ere holding in favour of protection—to challenge them
at Me very outset of the session of parliament to discuss this
question of protection. (Loud cheer' and laughter.) And I
' pity them that they are caught in their own trap. (Re.'
mewed laughter.) Far the very last thing that they would
have voted for, it it had been left to them, would have been
to have had the question of free trade or protection farad
on them at the first 'Bootleg of parliament I
tell these worthy gentlemen who are making such
disturbances at Croydon, Reading, Worcester, at
their public meetings, actually fishing with the free
traders, beating them where they can, driving them our of
the assemblies—l tell them distinctly that we in the West
Riling of Yorkshire don't intend toat they shall tax our
bread again. (Cheers and laughter.) Aye, and we Hubs=
at 'le fiance; but we don't intend to have any lighting with
sticks and stones, or anything of that sort; for the great dif-
ference between as and the protectionism ia this, that
we are unanimous, and they are not even unanimous
is their own villages. There are some sturdy free traders
who thrust themselves in, even at their most 'teleran pro-
tectionist meetings, and when they cry out, " Three groans
ler Peel," the free traders cry, ' Three cheers tar Peel."
sad they generally carry it. (Cheers and laughter.) We
don't intend to have any fighting in the West Riding, be-
cause we are unanimoue. I want to know how they are
likely, how they can periled' themselves that they are going,
to carry us back to the little loaf at a dear price, when they
are not unanimous amongst themselves about it. It would be
stange lithe millions were going to be taxed by a minority,
when the minority themselves cannot agree whetherthey shall
attempt to impose the tax upon them. B.t their new dodge
is " a dissolution of parliament"— (laughter), in hopes of
getting a maj pity. Now, mark what lam going to my to
you—that during the coming session of parliament, Omagh
the protectionist gentlemen may not have much to say in
the way of argument, yet they will be very factions; they
will be trying in easy possible way to make
government difficult, and perhaps impossible. They will be
tar voting any way that can embarrass the existing govern-
ment; and all with some idea, that by creating confusion
and causing a change in the ministry, something may tarn
up tar their advantage. (Laughter.) Now, if they get • dime
lution, what advantage will it be to them ? At the dissolu-
tion of parliament in 1841 they gained a majority of ninny
for prate egos; but that did not prevent the cern laws being
repealed in 1846; and the measure of Sir Robert Peel was
posed in 1846, without there being a majority in the
Bosse of C morose in favour of free trade. I went
ever the list of those who vol. d for free trade in 1816, with
a member of the House of Commons, end I could not find
Bi members of parliament, out of 656, who bed voted with
a trod heart in favour of total repeal, although a large mai
levity had voted. I went over the Howe of Peers' list, and oat
eel 490 and upwards, I could not find 12 who in their hearts
were favourable to the total repeal of the corn laws. (Hear
hear.) Well, then, let them get &dissolution, end get what
I don't believe they can again—a numerical aajoney in fa-
' year of protection— what the better will they be ? Nobody
deserving the name of statesman will due adept the policy
of the majority of the House of Commons, it is does not
represent the opinion of the country ? (" Hear, hear,"
and Meer,.) Yon find on oat side of the roll
the representatives of great constituencies, and you
find es the other size the representatives of pocket boroughs,
and nomination counties ; and who would dare to carry on
government on such • basis as this ? Every man who could
look two inches beyond his nose knows what it would lead to.
We never said the rent should not be reduced ; and if you
think, bemuse you have been getting set.eliparlianieot rents
tor five and thirty years, that you have • title to come to us
sad ask ice asmoeasation because you are to have no nr.re

of them parliament rents, that, I ay, we are freely eddied
to hod the lingo 'go that Colonel Thompson hes often Ph-
commended to us—" We'll talk shout netitnion if you talk
sunlit comps sation." (Loud cheers and laughter.) Now,
I say, every farthing of rest which has beea added
to to. oent.roll of the landowners by this act of
parliament has been so much extorted from the
great mass of the population of this country ; and rather
than they shall ever have anew eons law to take this money
again, we will, rather than let then% have it, hays a sub-
seriptios fro. the poor needlewomen and the hand-loom
weevers, and they shall take it directly as • pasper's dole.
(Laud che.ors) Why, you set at their public meetings
that they always proles, to be in favour of protection to
aattys isidusfty —in all its branches. (Laughter.) How
vary kind and considerate they are all at once. (Great
the When they passed . corn law in I'lls,
whilst the House of Commons was surrounded by • trop
et Horse Goads, they never said anything about pro.
teams to native iodurry. Than it was mit, rent,
want only, and cora laws only. It is • sane
that they ought to be for ever ashamed of reviving. (Hear,
hear.) There is sow • member of the House of Commons
—a friend of mine—one of the best voters in that home,
who at that time was a cornet in the Guards, and though ha
has voted against the corn laws ever sine a be has bees a
number of parliament, he was then compelled to sit on
horseback at the door of the House of Commas, to ke of
the enraged people whilst parliament rased that
toll; and a stone was thrown which bit him on Ws WSW
the head, and he has told me often that that blow whisk he
got on the side of the head made him a free trader. (Lind
sheen and laughter.) It made him Indio to thiak,
and as he rubbed his head be thought of whoa
he was Lifting there on hoemback tor, and two
mete* nt's thought convinced him it was II met
iniquitous billions he was helping to perpetuate. (Roe
sewed laughter.) There is a gentlemen in tkie
/min whe showed me before he came in • curies*.
He has brought with him • penny loaf whicl was
NA, in 11301. [Thai lost was produewl ; • very rwmall
one, and it excited great laughter and setooishm nt spew
Ming placed side by side sad contrasted with the penny loaf
of the present day, which is about four times rho Mee ] Thal
leaf was made in January, 1801; it weighs 21 0z..; and the
gaattern loaf of 3i Ins. weight teen sold as
Is. 101 d. The gentleman who posers es that end-
salty, and who has come from the country, hue
bought a pussy loaf of ts. day. This cur Ous specimen of
pro e.tirel bread an brought from Wentwixtb. rim free mat
Mead, bought to-day, and made January, 18.50, weighs .4
mem. (Hear, hear.) The quarters, or 3t lb loaf, is mid
at Bd.—that is sd. against le. 100. (Hear, beer) Now
go hack to that else of a 1 'at for a penyy, and restore the
time when a many loaf was sold at that Mee, nd then
you will plea the landed interest in the ...at happy pos-
sible temper of mind. They will be quite 6+I,UL-el. But
I think I may my that I have the sna im us vote of
this assembly is favour of the bidger loaf. (Loud cheers.)
Now this will be said to be an exmasively vulgar, seditious,
and revolutionary sort of argument. That this gen-
tlemen should have brought this little loaf from West.
work just to revive the remileeios of what the
ward protection means, will be considered • vulgar 1101 t
of argument. (Hear, hear.) But I recommend every
father of a family is this countryo arts m nd ,hs• this
is the only thing that is meant protection. Hear, hear )
It means the little loaf instead o the lures Of.o —(cheen)—
with this addition, that when you hays the little loaf for the
penny, the pennies are much more difficult to get glen when
you have the big loaf for a penny. (Hear, hear.) Now,

that h the very opposite doctrine of what the protectionists
have always preached. They have always said, " Low prised
bread mom 15w wig. 5." Well, now, then wets a good
many coshing: men, when we began the league agitates,
who boned that • great may of them in 1810 were net so
wise es Risk !there were In 1815, when they surrounded the
Housed o•Mmeme to protest sgriast the passing of the cora
laws. Bet I am eel to sae that the arguments we
used, sad still more enmities, of the last two or three
Tears, Kaye conversed every working ma—la the north of
Englead at an events—that low-priced food means fuller
employment sad better wages. (Chan.) Therefore I
defy the proteatiosists to delude the worklapelares of this
eountry &gala salon appeal to the old claptrap of high-
prised bread g high wages. (Hear, hoar.) And
when the peotectioniate go into towne like Stafford, attempt-
ing to appeal to the ignorance of a mob, when the ignorance
no longer prevail", why, you No what the consequence is,
by the last meeting that was held there. They attempted.
first of all, to delude the workiag people there with their silly
arguments, and then, because dry were not to be deluded,
they est to work and best than oat of the room. (Hear.)
Gentlemen, I leave this gaieties now in the hands
of the people of this country. They know sufficient
to prevent another cora law being imposed. And now,
ustrefin that question to be settled, which it will be
acknowledged to be in less than six months, what ought to
be the policy we should pursue ? There are logical Goose-
quenoes from free trade, which I had hoped we should
have entered upon long ago. One of the consequences
I anticipated from free trade was this a re
duction of our government expenditure. (Hear, bear.)
I always contemplated that, when the landed interest of
this country was made to enter the same boat with the ma-
nufacturing interest, to produce their commodities at natural
prices, that they would join with the manufacturing interest
fa endeavouring to have an economical goveratr.cnt. And so
they will, at the moment they are convinced that they can't
re-Impose the corn laws (Hear, hear.) Now, what ts my
Ida of an economical government? For I don't leave it in
the vague terms in which we have put It in the resolution.
I rim to what I said last year. (Applause.) I say you
should compel our government to retrace l's steps, at lust to
the expeaditure which was sufficient in 1835. (Cheen.) I
am perfectly well aware that it is not way, in a meeting like
this, to settle the details of how it is to be done, but I am
quite tore that It is practicable, and more than that, when
the question of free trade is settled, you may rest as-
sured that it will be done. (Cheers.) There is no doubt
that it must be done by a reduction of the expenses of our
armaments. You can't get it in any other way. The whole
of ear civil government ocly costa us one. th of
our expenditure; out of 51 millions, less than 7 milli ms cover
the whole of the civil expenditure—the home office, the
foreign dike, the poor-law offises, judges, ambasssion, &c.
Every expense of the machinery of civil government is
carried on for ler than 7 millions eternity, and the other
47 minims it expended for interest of money incurred in
former wars, cr else for the expenses of our present peace
establishments. (Hear, hear.) I repeat, then, what I have
said often before, that if you ere to reduce your expenditure
at all in a way to be felt by the great body of the people of
this country, it must be by largely reduces, the amount
of your standing forges. (Cheers.) There is no difficulty
whatever in doing It, provided you carry out the
principle of free trade in your arrangements with four
colonies. Now, gentlemen, I have elsewhere gone into a
statement, with re.pect to our colonies, which some of my
friends know I was anxious to have stated in the presents of
this assembly. I wr..ge t e some friends here, but I found
that it was not convenient for them to receive me
in Christmas week, and having to go to Leeds I
passed on to Bradford and delivered myself of views
which I hod intended to de liver at Sheffield. You
are payiog, according to a statement made by Sir W.
Molesworth in his admirable spec ch upon the colonies, every
year directly about six millions sterling to maintain your
establishments in the colonies, and in return for which you
carry on a trade to the extent of about ten milliner sterling.
That is, for every pound's worth of goods you send to the
colonies, you pay St. expellees. (User, hear ) That must
be a very profitable trade, must it not ? Now, I want to
see a new system adopted with reference to our colonies,
by which you shall give to them the privileges which free
men and Englishmen ought to possess everywhere—the
right of sett-government ; and you must tell them In retorts,
"You must pay the whole of your own expenses." (Hear,
hear.) When we paid the expenses of the whole of our
establish= vets in the colonies, it was under the impression ,
that we were compensated by having the exclusive tra ter
with our colonies ; and that, in olden times, seemed a vet
plausible argument, because as the whole of the tropical',
countries were possessed either by this or by some other
country, it seemed as if you could not tarry on a trade any-
white unless you first of all conquered and pestered a ter-
ritory. (Hear, hear.) Spain and Portugal possessing a
great pert of outh America ; Holland possessing part of
India; England trying to wrest a portion of India from Hol-
land; France bidding for her share I. North America;
whilst it became • universal 'ramble amongst every g
meet in Europe to posers territory in India or America, in
order that they might have the exclusive trade—it was a
natural delusion that England should fall into, that we could
have no commerce unless we first went to war, and took
possession o: some of the territory. But when the
whole of South America and the greater put of
North America became free, theme:lees offering a free ex- I
change to Europe, from that moment it was olavvious that
our exempting to keep up an exclusive trade with small
specks of islands, to the exclusion of vast conenents that
were tree, must be a lesion game. And now, since we have
proclaimed the principles of free trade, and have given to the
colonies the right of trading with all the world on the same
terms they trade with tlf, why, I say, it would be the height
of folly, it would be showier that communities can carry on
their affairs with a total disregard of anything like com-
mon sense or wisdom, if we allow the same
principle to be maintained with respect to our
expenditure for the government of our colonies now, that
we did in former tints, when we believed that we had a full
compeasation for these expenses in the exclusive trade with
Ores colonies. (Rear, hear.) Now, gentlemen, I believe
that by the change which I propose, by the change which is
inevitable in the government of our colonies, you may not
only reduce your expenditure to what it was in 1835, but
you may reduce it a great deal more—(hear, hear)—be-
cause your army is kept up mainly for the supply of troops
to your colonies, not merely the troops that you have in
your colonies, but the depots that are kept in this country
as a reserve to supply the relief for the colo-
nies, and the vast number that are always on
the ocean going to and fro the distant colonies.
There never was such a monstrous absurdity as the
idea of sending regiments from London to Australia, and
bringing them back again when the time of service is
over. (Hear, hear.) f sometimes compare the con-
duct of England Id that which was pursued by a
nobleman who, not content with the inheritance of his father,
was constantly borrowing money at 10 per cent., to run
about and buy estates to pay him from 2to 21 per cent.
(Hear, hear.) That has been the policy pursued by this
country. We have never sufficiitatly estimated the advan-
tages which we possess in theca islands. (Hear, hear.) There
is not en the face of the earth so vast an amount of natural
wealth, concentrated in so smell a surface, as we have in
these two British islands; and I have often thought that if it
were possible that any man should be offered the privilege of
creating a territory out of the coma of the extant of them
two islands, that the imagination could hardly place them in
a more favourable portion,or endow them with greater natural
advantages. I can siarcely conceive it possible to increase the
advantages which the people of Ragland and Ireland pm
sem in these two islands. (Cheers.) At a time when the
possession of minerals decides the fate and the rank of
nations, here we are with each superior advantages that in
one year we export coal, iron, lead, tin, copper, in greater
or less quantities, to every country on Me continent of
Rurope—thus showing the Immense advantages we power
over every other country in respect to those productions.
(Hear, hear.) How is it, then, gentlemea, that, with these
vast advanuges, so large a portion of the population of this
country, instead of beteg the pro perous family which tory
ought to have been, in the VO4(.114011 of such a rich patri-
mony, are so pauperised, and that there is so vast a share of
degradation and misery in this country? I firmly believe
it has arisen, more the from any other cause,
from the deatsion that has prevailed in this
country that we could profit by going to war to conquer ter-
ritory and take pessimism of barren waste., or tropical coon-
tn• s heaping up debt and taxation, in trying to poetess the
exclusive trade of those countries, and forgetting or despising
the inexnaustable resources we passer within our own terri-
tory. Ire= ;hat mistaken policy, more than from anything
else, has arisen the debt and taxation, sad the consequent
degradation and misery of the great mass of the people.
One word with reference to the other guidon that has ,
been alluded to in these essolutioos We have heard of '
tinaeciel worm and we have beard of parliamentary re-
form. Now I should be deceiving you, and I should be
wasting in eat.d•ur, if I did not tell you that I do not be-
lieve any financial 141.01. Or permanently worth a straw un-
less you can get a reform by which the people of this
country shall have a more thorough c ristrol over the repre-
sentation of the modify. (t- Hear, he ar," and cheers.) I
never can forget myself that we did reduce the expenditure,
altar the Itetorm Biel in 1835, and that the expenditure
' grew up again ; and that although we are now attempting
to reduce it again, attar the pressor, out of doors is Oro off
the expenditure will go up again as it did before. 'I
Therefore it is rid'ouloua to expect permanent
I economy in the administration of our affairs, un-
I ler you give to the p uple a more direct and
thorough centrol over the representation of the country.
(Cheers) And it is not merely in tbs extetneion of the frau-
care. I believe if you Led the franchise fairly distributed
I at the present moment you would have a very different kind
of parliament to whet you have. (Hear, beer.) But the
ferrules is so unequally distributed that positively the divi-
sion lists in pull m. tit are no tests in or=nay times of the
swim of public pins n in the country. A member reps-
' meting, like myselt, 36,000 decline, finds himself going into
I the lobby opposed to a men who represents a borough
I with only 250 el rocs; ha' yet his vote counter.
balances the vote of the 36,000. (Hear, bear.) We
really sum times Went ourselves about the risk of
giving men a share i.e the political franchise, forgetting
that they have duties, and responsibilities, and privileges,
as men and as tureens, of a far more important kind.
Why; you leave them to educate their children; you entrust
them with all your property as mechanics, as mistime%
as ciente, as shoposen, as porters. Your very lives,
as well as your prupsrty, are constantly at the mercy of thole'
people to whom you won't give an infinitesimal shire in
the representatioa of the country. (Loud cheers.) What
is owe vote oat of three or four millions of votes, compared
with the every day power which you piece in the man's
hands, in ordinary cur e f business and in social life, owing
to the responsihili, ie a which he has as a father, a husband,
or a brother? Why, any hes lof a family, or housekeeper,
has ten times as rerpoesible duties to perform in
every day life as he would hays by having once
in two or three years the right of going slang
with two or three millions of other people, and tendering his