The Express.
London, England, 1868-10-20 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY ETINING, OCTOBER 20, 1868.

seemed at one time likely to be fatal to the very
institution of the Presidency in the United States.
The American Presidents, it is true, aro party med.
elected by a strictly party vote. The intention of
this practice, or at any rate the purpose visor that,
any formal intention which, it has come,
to serve, is to inspire both departmetts of the Go-,
vernment, the Executive and the Legislative, with
the same views and spirit. In England, whore the
sovereignty is hold for life and is hereditary, and
where, therefore, the views of the legislature and
the executive cannot vary together, the same ob-
ject is secured by the Sovereign belonging not to
the same party as that which has for the moment,
the majority in the House of Commons, but to no.
party at all. Should this healthy principle be de-!
parted from, the constitutional monarchy of
land would soon be counted among the things that
have been. _ _

The election of General GIANT will, therefore,;
restore the harmony which for three years and al
half has been lacking between the various elements i
of the Federal Oovernmemt. It will leave the policy
of Congress in possession of the field, with all the
forces of the Union behind it. Thus disembar-
rassed of opposition at head quarters, Congress
may be expected to pursue the path marked out for
it with confidence, foresight, and moderation.
Mr. JOHNSON was a mere unionist. The in-
tegrity of the American Republic, as an end
in and for itself, with slavery as its corner-
stone if possible, without it if necessary, was
the aim be set before him at the outbreak of
the war. Union, on the basis of freedom
and of political and social equality between both
races, is the policy of Congress. No doubt it is
not pursued with perfect consistency. To roach
the journey's end, it is sometimes necessary to
deviate from the high road. The Republicans
have been reproeched by superficial critics because
they do not enforce in every Northern State the
conditions of negro equality which they insist ou
iu the South. The reason is obvious. The relation
of races is a problem critical and urgent in the
South. It is not so in the Northern States. In
Ireland the condition of the Roman Catholics was
essentially alleviated in many particulars, before
similar relief was extended to the Roman
Catholics in England. The Dublin University was
open to them for generations during which the
Universities of Oxford and Cambridge were closed.
A sound principle will be first applied where the
need of it is peremptory. But it is untrue to say
that the Republican policy is one thing for
the South and another fur the North. Thu
Republican policy has its home and head-quarters in
Massachusetts and the New England States, and
in Massachusetts and the New England States,
with one exception, the negro has all the rights of
the white man. It is unfortunate that English
impressions of tho United States should be derived
chiefly from the writings of travelling novelists,
whose habit and profession train them to
neglect all but the most superficial and
ephemeral indications, who record only the fluc-
tuating impression of the moment, an•l who never
look back to causes nor forward to effects. If the
United States were known to England less through
the works of clever story-tellers, such as the
late Mrs. Tuottorx, Mr. DIME:O, Mr. SALA, and
Mr. ANTHONY Tttos.Lors, and more through those
of writers of scientific training, historic knowledge,
and political reflection, such as DE TOCqUEVILLE,
Sir Cnaniza Dram., Rssiture M _ARTINE ‘1.7,
Dolmens' Snrrn, AuotsTE Larozr., and others,
much ignorance and misapprehension, and there-
with many causes of irritation, would be avoided.

OUR CONTEMPORARIES.
(THIS DAY.)
ourtubt IRO= 4laierrcera
lase,
ilemaridar that tbill efleotimbe =Melt have
been held kis the United States are 101 l upon ea**
most *portent Iniblio decisions whisk awe beep !hex.
skim the autumn of 116 h, the Times asp that the demo-
crate will probably now make up their mild, to a Weld.
But why should not Seymour be put aside, sad Chase, who
has the madame of the party, be M.ztad as the demo-
cratic candidate. The answer to this is that the substitu-
tion is probably too late. It it is dangerous la war to
make a deep of freak in the prom= of the mew, it is
equally seep electioneering to change candidates' watch-
words, speeches, and, to some extent, organisation. Then,
it cannot be doubted that Mr. Beymour's friends would
resent his summary dismissal, and the votes which would
be lost by them means would probably ,go far to balsam
those which woes( be gidned by the name of Mr. Obese.
Comidesing all this, the imeemate will, perhaps, think
it their gasket .plas to fight the battle and to lose lt,
if it suet he, with their premed ma/kW& Omura Ckaat
however. NW/ he expected to exerobe atom diaartmina-
tics in his governmcnt.thaa could be looked for from ore
of the zealots of the party.. Se * • soldier, and is =e-
dited with a more Madly, feeliffig towards the conquered
South than I. weal amass his supported. Indeed, if the
policy of the republican party is to be carried out at the
South, it could bulgy be under more favourable 1:0211•

-THIS REVOLUTION IN SPAIN.

eisoebers slam= conamemeerr.)
C, Oer. 17.
The meet ' ifiterthing event which I have to
record to-day is tha visit of the Duo do la Torre and
&Deal Tirthe Mae**, whole* They arrived.:
about balcialetlr o'clock yesterday evening. At all
the stations they passed the generals were received
with the greatest enthusiasm by large crowds of
the country people. At AllllllllS a halt was made
for refreshments. Here luncheon had boon pre-
pared for the distinguished travellers, and after
luncheon two or three speeches were made.
Tope* who spoke first, promised in the name of
the government the most ample liberties to the
people. Cristino Marto*, who it will be remem-
bered was one of the principal speakers at the meet-
ingot the democratic party the other day, responded
to the address of the minister, thanking the
government, in the name of the democracy, for
the services which they had rendered, and for the
promises which they had given, and assuring them
of the confidence and loyal support of the party
which he represents. Serrano was not to be out-
done in generality and courtesy, and he warmly
praised the abnegation of self and the disin-
terestedness which had been displayed by the
members of the democratic party. The enthu-
siasm displayed by the people of Zaragoza is stated
by the telegrams to have been altogether beyond
limit. When the generals reached the palace, they
received a deputation from the provinces, and
addresser were delivered by the Duo do is
Torre, Topete, and Signors Mertes and ()snafus, in
the same sense as those which had boon pronounced
at Alhama. Signor Olozaga will meet the generals
at Zaragoza and return with them to Madrid ; and
it is anticipated that there will be an interview
between Espartero and Serrano at the same place.
The feelings of the people of Arrag m appear to
have been most unmistakably expressed in favour
of the provisional government. At the road-side
stations Serrano and Topete wore received by pro-
vincial juntas, detachments of the military, and
bands of music ; and in Zaragoza itself the streets
were crowded and the balconies were filled to see
them pees by. Their words were listened to with
the most anxious attention, and the generous sen-
timents which they uttered were cheered to the
edit Some brilliant entertainments are to be
given in honour of the illustrious guests ; and ono
journal sums up the state of things in Zaragoza in
these words :—" Immense concourse, extraordi-
nary animation, universal enthusiasm."
The last act of the central revolutionary Junta
of Madrid has been to propose the gradual extinc-
tion of slavery in the colonial possessions of Spain.
This proposal is founded upon the declaratiou that
the maintenance of the slavery of the negroes is
an outrage upon human nature, and a disgrace to
the only nation in the civilized world which
maintains it in all its integrity, and ought, there-
fore, to be got rid of. The enfranchisement of the
negroes will require the adoption of other measures
in order to render the step just to all persons in-
terteted, and advantageous to the blacks them-
selves ; and these measures, it is admitted, can
only be framed and adopted by the constituent
Cortes. At the same time, the provisional govern-
ment may do something to satisfy offended
justice, and to give evidence of the confidence
which they entertain in the concurrence of the
Cortes in this measure of justice and humanity ;
and with this object the Junta asks them to decree
that the children of slaves born after the 17th
September, 1868, shall be free. No decree has
yet been issued upon this motion, but I do not
imagine that the provisional government will make
any opposition to the proposal.
There was a little inaccuracy in the account
which I sent to you yesterday of the attempt to
arrest Mallet, and his escape from a window on
the third floor of the house in which he lodged.
When I wrote it I was under the impression that
a party of the military or of the national guard
had been despatched by the government to effect
his capture. I have since learned that this was
not the case ; but that Mallet, who was looking
over a balcony into the Carvers de San Geronitno,
was recognised by some soldiers of the regiment
which he lately commanded. These men, who,
like most of the military, have turned right round
in favour of the revolution, are said to have been
disgusted by some acts of wanton and unnecessary
cruelty which were committed by Mallet at Beier;
and, finding him in Madrid, determined to arrest
him and hand him over to the authorities. Mallot
caught sight of them as they entered the house,
and having noticed an expression upon their coun-
tenances which boded him no good, thought it best
to make his escape by the window as they entered
by the door. _ _

The withdrawal of arms from the hands of the
people of Madrid is going on steadily and effec-
tually, and I am told that of 16,000 that were
taken from the artillery store on the day of the
revolution—that celebrated Tuesday, Sept. 29—at
least one-half, or about 8,000, have since been re-
turned. This is very well ; hoe•eueae, although I
have never entertained any apprehension that the
people generally would make a bad use of the
anus which were entrusted to them, it is impossi-
ble to answer fur every individual amung the
population of such a city as Madrid ; and as
there is no longer any necessity for these
armed civilian guards, the weapons are
much safer under the control of the military
authorities than in the bands of uninstructed
labourers and workmen. Speaking of these arms,
reminds me to mention that a good deal of dis-
satisfaction is being expressed that, though all the
officers who took part in thebattle of Aleolea have
been raised a grade iu rank, nothing has been done
for Esadante, who was mainly lust •ntal in
causing the distribution of anus to the piseple ; sued
thus (as many think), in ensuring the success of
the revolution, and preventing the occurrence of
any outrages or disorders. Not a few persons
object to this general promotion of the Witter* of
the army of Andalusia as a measure which was un-
necessary, and must add considerably to
the military expenditure ; but even those
who find least fault with the liberality with which
the officers of Serrano's army have been rewarded
are dissatisfied that no distinction has yet boon
conferred upon Escalanto. Some especially
,scrupulous persona are disposed to remark that
this rather lavish distribution of military honours
is not quite reooneffeable with the professions
originally made by the generals in the name, as
it was understood, of their armies, as well as of
themselves, that they had not taken arms against
the Queen with any desire to serve personal
objects, or to obtain personal honours or rewards.
The generals have hitherto adhered to their de-
clarations, and some of my friends think that it
would have been better if the officers under their
command had shown equal disinterestedness.
Yesterday a duel was fought iu the bull-ring
hero between a step-son of General Concha anti a
sub-secretary of state. The geutlemen fought with
the small sword, and the under-secretary received
a severe, but I believe not dangerous. wound in the
arm. I have not heard what was the exact cause
of the quarrel, but I believe that it had nothing
whatever to do with politics.

TUE WRATIIER.-711. 'metropolis was yesterday
morning visited with • severe treat, and all tho open
spices, the parks, &c., being covered with white hoar,
presented quite a wintry appearesoe. The weather on
Sunday and yesterday was Wad. but agreeable.