The Express.
London, England, 1868-03-19 00:00:00

VITIMPED id. ADDITIOriLj

OIJIL CONTEMPORARIES.

(THIS DAY.)

Tag POSUC•NOUSI SUNDAY /417111111011.
Wishing that rsambers shoved a little more in-
depeadeese It &Aug with such a matter, the Tines coa-
-1 tea& that Yr-Atha Smith's bill world essmimi °milder•
able lassavashasm assald eneessem wheat Making, and
that It aim.* esidemdageamlehat isieteriesskyimpreoal-
cable, Ma., total netristiom Meals ssid. then la agrovrios
inching amongst the working-elms against thsexesedr4 use
of iquors, why legislate at all, and why foster • crusade
which implies that the evil is increasing slither thee dial-
sighing! If the United Kingdom Alliance and the arch.
Whops who have now joined the movement meld exert
their authority in fostering the growing sentiment is
f of temperame, they would de mars good than by
agitating for little bills like the present
The TdegrapA denies that &mimeses en the Sunday is
spreading, end adds that:were light and cheerful Wee for
the refreshment of the worlds' classes substituted
for the dank and dismal dem when the peer are fain
to swallow adulterated *sere met sloppy esmiers—
were there Sunday gardens ad Beadily hands—and were
our museums and galleries open ea the only day on whisk
the laborious classes can visit them-it nefermedly be-
lieves that drunkenness would still further diminish, not
only on the seventh, but on every day of the week. Yet,
when the public voice cries out for esseessions and reforms
in meardanse with the spirit of the age, a mob of peers
sad bishops—supported by the seer, grini.riseged, lead*.
rant army of sectariathim—desk to make the trammels of
legislative Interference more heavy than ever.

CONE Pr

BL.LWAYB AND rief Is NANANINENT.
Lan night a parer wall read Off the meeting of the
Society of Arts en the alibied of Raines and their
Nanagentent, by Mr. Robert F. Faints, O.K. The Marquis
al Case:maim presided, and nen wee a large &Meadows
Mi.et ambers and their friends, inaladlng a lumber of Whim
seat of wanks Barney invasernote are unproddetive,
Fbut taraltio rineraftwaiumisdiniliht hebTrelederedall°wilig rernii"m"erleaa:vie2°byPasi:
adequate_ system of working and inanagansat. thy
respect intend furnished aa upwind, for effectively
deie=ag the prinelphs by inlet sun -results could be
Ai imperial guarantee of 34 per amt., whisk would
not involve the state in a liability of mon than 1000001.
per amass, would evoke from private sources sufficient
capital to ociastinet nearly ens thousand edditiceni ilea
of railway in Inked, by whin its moot distant iota
would be concreted with the best markets for the r pro.
duos. And this gonads* wend not remain • burden
upon the date for many years, provided the outlay was
judicial* made, and tbe niangement atkpled to the
actoal requirements s
mileseach lesnity. At present, Inland,
with lees than 2,000 of railway, had between 30 amid
40 independent boards of directisa. The consequence was
that faros were unaturagy and the management
witbaot proper c•mibinatioas fee the public benefit. Na-
iad shown thas conoentratico of control did not
volie monopoly, end that it was indispensable to sum
seatial adnaistration, as well as to remunerative action.
Ridarring to the liashai lines, Mr. Fairlie expressed his
Mown lawn from tho practise of expeo capita
up= palatial stations ; and observed natio future, sten.
tion must be directed to the economy of capital. As •
general rule the natural confignratioa of a country
would permit the working el railways upon the 'prin-
ciple of surface construction, oroortng üblis safety
and convenionoe on the one bead, and on the other a f
return for the capital invested. Capital accounts Mai be
closed, which he contended might be effected without dif.
Sadly if the adminatratioa was booed upon sound princi-
ples. Charges for renewals of road, stook, and stations
ought to be plead against revenue ; but every new work
of an original kind ought to be provided for by a special
capital, which capital should be redeemable out of the
surplus annual revenue. He strongly condemned the
raising of capital at a diairount, as the wont possible mode
of raising money, because its simple a eat was to increase all
the expenses attending the line, and because it was im-
possible such a mode of raising money could improve railway
credit. The more ratioeel way was to raise the money re-
quired by loan, and to redeem the debt by half-yearly pay-
ments set aside from profits. Mr. Fairlie neat ehowad that
revenues might be increased concurrently with • large
reduction of working expenses. Railway managers seldom
took the trouble of anertaining the returns from each
train, compared with he expenses ; but be would recom-
mend • debtor and creditor account to be kept of every
train run as the rely safe means of afteitiining profits
and loos. The gross earnings if the London end North
Western Railway la 1866 were at the rate of ss. per train
per mile for passengers, end 6a, 3id. per mile for mer-
chandise ; but he oonandeol that the earnings ought to he
in proportion to the speed. For passenger trains at 20
miles speed per hour the gross earnings ought not to be
lan than 7s. 6d. per mile ; 10e. for 30 mile ; 14e. for 40
miles; 20s. for 30 miles; end 30s. for GO miles.
Kr. Farts said it was absurd for companies to make
such slight differences in their charges for high and low
speeds, seeing that the cost of working increased in pro-
to velocity. The gross earnings the Brighton
rineta of
ere under 4s. 10d. per mile, though many
of their express trains must realise not leas than
31. per mile. It was clear, therefore, that • large num-
ber of trains on this line mast be run at a lux. He
counselled, in all eases, the anodonment of nonpaying
trains, believing that the public would no: expect
the companies to carry them without a proper
return. As to expenditure, he strongly urged the cased-
restage of overweighting trains, by the use, for example,
of toms, observing thatgenerally they were 2CO per cent.
in excess of the paying load carried. The load of fuel and
water carried by the tender should be made available to
incrous the power and offideacy of the engine Wolf. At
this moment he had at work on a Welsh railway engines
without tenders, where the fuel and water were in the
biebest degree conducive to the power, economy, and
safety of the elegise. The weight was dis(ributed equally
upon • large number of wheels, thus increasing their ed.
hesion upon the rails, while the weight on each wheel was
reclined to proportios. Hem was the basis of au entire
revolution is ear locomotive arrangements, which would
,be attended with enormous economy. It would mince
1 the proportion of dead weight to paying load ; and, apply-
fag the mine principle to passenger traffic, be showed,
by calculations, that • saving might be effected equal
to a dividend of over 3 per cent. per aanum.
Ordbary omnibuses weighed about ens ton, and carried
211 pmesasno, or two tons, tin giving two nos of paying
to ono ton of paying load; bat time Metropolitan Rail-
way on Its present system carried only one ton of pay ing
load to 30 tons of dead weight. Ile effect on the rails was
destructive, and it ascannted for the necessity of frequent
renewals. Mr. Faiths illustrated by diagrams the mode
in which a constant battering was kept up against the
mils by the wheels under this unagement, destructive
alike to both ; rod how effectively this destruction was
prevented by engines of bin own construction—engines
which would ton any curve end emoted an gradient
and he quoted Capin Tyler's and Mr. I 'e report of
their adaptability to such lines as the Grand Trunk of Ca-
nada, as combing a minimum of wear end tear to them-
melees and the rails, with • maximum of adhesion to the
rails, and economy in working. Models were exhibited
in demonstration of these conditions, and after some
further references to the oseessity for the construction of
cheap railways Ia Ireland, Mr. Fairlie concluded.
A clisciumna then took plan, in which the views of Mr.
Fairlie remind very general approval, sad a belief was
expressed that if his suggestions wen adopted, a vast
saving might be effected to the present tummies of rail-
' Wallicr noble Onaranur, in moving a vote of thanks to
Mr. Faille ler his able sad intemeng paper, said that
from the earliest times that railways were
taken the m introduced
ad
for
the purposed he
had
lively interest ieni"Viit jira re'and he resellected the ado-
niaborant with whisk be heard Mr. Stephonsou' or some
other great engineer, thirty years ego say at Aintree, near
Liverpool, that he would not be Bandied until he saw an
engine go at the rate of sixty miles an boar. Since that
time he kid watched with the utmost interest the pro-
gress, onstructics, and working of railways. He was of
openion, however, that too much blame had been at-
tained to engineers and directors for the disastrous events
whisk had nomen. The real fault rested more with
the system with which they had been allowed to go on.
(Beer, hear.) There had never boss free competition in the
propsremos of ne word, and he did net tidnk they ever could
hermit is the wide of intern If they were just
to • company w made a railway they must to some
saint give it a monopoly. (Hear, bear.) Cheap rail-
ways ought and must be made, bat it would be extremely
an oat to dart • cheap railway to run in a wallet Bus
wi a company which bad made • line at • very great coat.
(Hear, hear.) Groat mischief bad also arisen from the
mode I. which permissioa bad been given to certain com-
=to construct lines ; and there bad boon too much
to get possession of certain districts,
sad compel the Inhabitants of them distinct to
ass their line. For Instance, three years ago
two lines were fighting for the pemeedas of the Brighton
distrisi, sad after Mousing groat argemee, they were
'ventrally emptied to withdraw the ProPoub which
they bed made and 00110111 to an arrangement with each
ones. Deanne engineers sad directors had been
tempted to sommit any el their faults by the difficulties
1 whisk the logidloture bad pot Is tbe way of the organiza-
tion 01 ad the diffieulties which bad an been
thrown in ibtlr way by changing en uncertain parliamen-
tary action. His lordship concluded by expend a hops
that of Mr. Finn might be found ing
to be of
Mr• in the formai= dfuture base in the
tteliingdom.
Mr.lantign having Weft returned thanks, tie proceed-
Ismninated with a vote of *nabs to no Marquis of
for having presided on the seessiaa.