The Express.
London, England, 1861-12-06 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 6, 1861.

He is perfectly right in intimating that this is the
very opportunity for reviewing the Law of
Nations as it affects the rights of neutrals.
The immediate question with regard to the seizure
on board the Trent must, of course, be settled
first. But the point of honour once satisfied, the
duty of both Government and both nations is to
look forward rather than backward. The past is
undoubtedly but too full of violent precedents,
overbearing claims, and the assertion of rights
which no laws ought to recognise and no civilised
nations tolerate. In all great naval wars
neutrals have not only been sufferers, but they
have often suffered to an extent that is utterly un-
jwddiable. The right of search has been wantonly
abused, to the injury of neutral shipping and the
discouragement of neutral commerce. It is high
time that these abuses were finally corrected by a
complete revision of the law relating to the
rights of neutrals. General Scorr urges
this point with great force. He says truly

enough, that the United States Government has
been striving to accomplish this necessary revi-
sion for more than fifty years—from the beginning
of the century, in fact. The time is snrelyoome,
as he suggests, for making some attempt "to
" establish these rights—tbe rights of neutrals—
" on a just, humane, and philosophic basis." And
the violent act of Captain WILKES may in the end
be an advantage to both countries, if it issues in a
united effort to bring this part of our international
code more into harmony with the requirements of
civilization, and the augmented wants of a busy
and commercial age.

Elt Court.

WINDSOR CASTLE, Dm 5.

Tho Queen drove out in an open carriage and
four this =ruin, attended by Ida Duchess of Athole sad
Lord Alfred Paget.
Lord Alfred Paget has ineesedid Major• General Seymour
as Equerry is Waiting to her Illajsity.

The JutlMial Cosimittemeof the Privy Council sat yester-
day. Judgment was given by Lad Kingiedown on an ap-
peal from Madras, " Naragusty Lutchmedavamah v.
Vengsses Bataan," that their lordship would advise her
Majesty to adirm with costs the decree of the court below.
An appeal from Bengal, "Seim v. Administrator-General of
Bengal" (part heard), was resumed and concluded. Judg-
ment reserved.

The lords present were Loyd Hispdowo, the Leeds
Justices Knight Breen and Terser, sad Sir J. Coleridge.
Despatches IMO mat yesterday from the Colonial-oaks
to the Greasers of the Gape of Good Hope, Natal, St.
Helene, and Curds.

Dune or seas Cowers's CAlestro.—We are
gam to leers that intaligenes was yesterday received at
the ladi•oltice, by telegraph, of the death of the ()minter
amain. •je of the Gosersor•General of India. The
immiated countess expired on the lgth ultimo, at Calcutta.
The mourafel awn war forwarded to Lady Stuart de
Railway, to Higheliffe, near Christchurch, by It.. War
and Lady Harriet Praetor, by whom the sad new, was re-
solved frau the Sight Sou. Sir Charles Wood, the Seer•-
tary of State for India. The late Countess, Charlotte, was
the eldest daughter of the late Lord Stuart de Rahway,
(LC.B., and lady Elisabeth Msigaret, third daughter al
Philip, third Earl of Hardwick., and was born in 1817. She
married, Sept. 5, 11338, the Pea Claming, then the Hon.
Charles J. Canning, its only tan of the wel•knowo Antes.
man. Her ladyship wee for many years lady-in-waiting to
the Queen, and was deservedly mock esteemed at court.
The late countess was sister of Louise If archioues of
Waterford. Several families of rank ere placed in mourning
by her premature death.

His Excellency the Hanoverian Minister is ex-
pected in town on Monday sent from Hanover.

His Excellency the Saxon Minister conies to town
tacky frootParia.

The Duke of Buccleucb, who has been on a visit
to the Emperor of the French at Compi4se, anived at
lelkestone on Wednesday, by the South-Eastern Railway
Company's SIMMS(' PAMPAS ?Lauda, Captain Coodbao, and
proceeded to Lando° the mans aftorsoca by the special
tidal train.

Vincount and Viscountess Hawarden and the
Hon. Cornwallis Mande Irmo lett Ws'Lee's Hotel for
Ireland.

Viscount and Viscountess Lisssore have arrived
Is tofu from Ireland.

Lady Theresa Lewis has left Kent House on a
eat to lAdy Kula Alford, at Aahrklgo Park, war Bark-
littopetaad.

Lund and Lady Aveland (says the Stamford Mer-
ca►y) have bees entertaining a 119CC41161011 of visitors at Nor-
wanton Park during the pent week. The visitors have in-
cluded his Excellency Baron Sestina, the Earl and Cons.
tom of Campartlos a, Viscount Cempdso, Lord and Lorly
Wenaleydale, Lord and Ls iy Wm. Powlatt, Lord Oaths,
Mr. and Lily Louisa Finch, Y•. Sykes. Vardca,
The gentlemen of the party have had capital sport in kis
lordship's well-stocked preserves.

Her Majesty has appointed W. K lihadmarsh,
Fag. ,of the Northern Circuit, to the aloe of Atteeney-Oeneal
of the county palatine of Durham, io the room of B. tog.
ham, Dig., M.P., who has retired.

It is uuderstood that Mr. Serjeant Hayes hu
hoes appoiated litoeordor of Loknotor, 'most by tbs
obrottioa to tbo botch of Jobs MuUor, Fa+, Q.C.,
._ _ _

Lot evening the Rev. R. Maguire, of blerken-
well. delivered a lecture is Exeter Hall on total abstinence,
ander the auspices of the National Temperance Lampe.

. ...
A course of lectures oa the physical and political
geopaphy of the United States eras eonnumeed last evening
by Ire. K inkek at the Upper east MAIM tiebook, Peckham.

Captain Denman, R.N., was entertained at
teamed in Manchester last night, by the officers of the
Wmbow. Word, and Ardwick volunteer corps, who
daubed to mark their appreciation of the boo. and gallant
gestleman's conduct in devoting to the promotion of the
volunteer movement in this district the considerable trued
mew which his politic it supporteis sulecribed some time
ego, with the view of presentiog him with some saltrame.
tad memento of the services he had rendered in ecistesdag
Manchester in 1852 and 1859. The Hon. A. Egerton,
preeidcd.
The Mahe Olvereer etates that a serious accident
occurred last weak as ►aard the gag ship Marlborough, to
Mr. W. lama, a maideleipsem. While the crew were suer.
rising at strikes the eisfertusate young officer fell from
the maintop into the sea, striking against the rigging and a
lower deck port is his dement He was immediately taken
loth° Bighi hospital, where he died • few hours afterwards.
Bieriessies were interned seat day is the Braze cemetery.
Late advises from British Columbia regarding
the Arid of gold are extremely favourable. New die-
swedes at great richness had been weds, sad in men
imalitias the Wain were resuming larger sums thee berm
ever hoes elealsed by individuals in California or Ass-
tram The tameness of persons mime' steadily from 101.
tont. a day were surnames Two labouring men had just
strived at Victoria, VAIICOUVIIeII Liked, with 1.4001., the
redeem of rely a few weeks. Soccer was so general that
it is said "we hear of no diseatialled miners." A large
immigration was ceseequestly expected, but the gnat
drawback actuated is the abases of steam communication
betweee fies Treacle* and Victoria.

The President of the little Republic of Andorra
ban just died, end Ids seecieessr bap already been elected.

Some of the Parte journals, speaking of General
Ileett, called him the late commateder•in•chief of the Federal
kW& pe (Golignowi) think it as well to state that such
• dimignation is oivesseous, as the mineral still holds his
mak, having mendy obtained leave of abalone to vista
Earope for the bereft of his health.
The following address from the political prisoners
of the *I • Duchy a/ Medea& his been traasmitted to Gemeni
Garibaldi General, —Tbs. undersigned, politleel pri-
mmer. of the ex• Darby d lloieosi, on t heir return from the
Austrian dungeons, an strongly moved to address their first
word to their emntry and to you. Therefore, although
broken in health from enferiep, they declare that they will
rush under year banner, sad fight for the liberation of Rome
and Varna sad thee acoomplish the unity of our country.
—fleece, 18th November, 1861." [Here follow the names
of the political primates, thirty.six In all.]

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

AMERICA.

--,
THE TRENT AFFAIR.

GENERAL UNEASINESS AT THE
NORTH.

--,
THE SOUTHERN PRESIDENT'S
MESSAGE.

(szurza's nuoium.)
NEW YORK, Nov. 22, Evsurno.
(Per Edinburgh, vii Queenstown.)

Edward Everett, George Sumner, and other
leading American legal authorities, declare the
capture of Messrs. Mason and Slidell to be in
accordance with international law. The subject,
nevertheless, causes a universally uneasy feeling
in the public mind in respect to the relations of
America with England.
The Secretary of War has notified to the Go-
vernor of Maine that an officer will immediately
be appointed to report on the sea coast defences of
that state.

The Federal troops are reported to be in full
possession of Accomac, Northampton County, on
the eastern shore of Virginia.
Governor Jackson and the State Legislatu►e of
Missouri have passed a secession ordinance.
Mr. Smith, Federal Secretary of the Interior, has
disavowed the policy endorsed by Mr. Cameron,
Secretary of War, of putting arms into the
hands of the slaves, declaring that such is not
the policy of the Federal administration.
Twenty-five vessels, which are to be sunk at the
entrance of a Southern harbour, have sailed laden
with stores.

The Union men of North Carolina have esta-
blished s proviaonal gate government at Hatteras.
The Confederates have burnt Warsaw, Missouri,
in order to prevent the Federals making winter
quarters there.
General M'Clellan reviewed 70,000 men at
Washington on the 20th inst., being the largest
body of troops ever reviewed on the American
continent.

Mr. 'George Francis Train has addressed a
letter from London to the New York Herald,
declaring that a number of vessels are fitting out
at English ports with ammunition for the South.
He makes a violent attack on the British govern-
ment, and declares that England's neutrality is
contemptible.
General Halleck has issued a proclamation, noti-
fying that no more fugitive slaves will be allowed
to enter the Federal camp, as they have carried
valuable information to the enemy.
The steamers Asia and City of Manchester have
larrived out.

The French frigate Belion& arrived at New York
on the 21st instant,

NEW YORK, Nov. 23,11 A.m.
The British frigate Immortalitii arrived at Port
Royal on the ?Bth instant.
The bids at yesterday evening's stook board were
slightly firmer.
NEW 'YORK, Nov. 23, ErsMum.

(Per Edinburgh, via Quesantinnu.)

President Davis has delivered his message to
the Confederate Congress. It is most determined
in tone, and states that, after seven months, the
Federals have failed to extend their occupancy of
Fiouthera soil, and at many points have been
driven to act on the defensive.

The message announces that the military means
and the financial condition of the Confederates are
stronger now than at the commenoemeat of the
struggle. It praises the people of Missouri, and
defends the occupancy of Kentucky.
The Confederate financial spit.= is stated to
hive worked well, and to promise good results for
the future. The system of issuing treasury notes,
continues the message, has " fully answered the
expectation of the Confederates, and if they husband
their means, and make judicious use of their
resources, it would be difficult to fix a limit to the
period during which the Confederates will be able
to carry on the war against the Federates. The re-
construction of the Union, which the Federal' seek
to effect by force of arms, has become more and
more palpably impossible. The causes which in-
duced the separation not only remain in full force,
but have been strengthened. The Confederates
shrink with aversion from the bare idea of renew-
ing connexion with the North. The South will
be content to live at peace with the North, but
the separation is final. The South will accept no
alternative."

President Davis then informs the Congress
that Meats. Slidell and Mason, commissioned

to represent the Confederacy abroad, had
been seized while under the protection
and within the dominion of a neutral nation, and
says :—" The claim of the United States -to seize
them iu the streets of London would have been
as well founded as the seizure on board the Trent.
Had theybeen malefactors., their arrest could not have
taken place on board British ships except according
to the law provided for the extradition of criminals.
The Confederates asked no aid from foreign powers,
but perhaps had a right to inquire if the European
doctrine that the blockade to be binding must be
effective was to be generally applied, or only in
particular cases. Evidence will be laid before the
European governments of the total inefficiency of
the blockade."

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
NEW YORK, Nov. 23, Evsacixo.
Nooks tending downwards. New York Central,
73; Illinois. 60.

key easy. Exchange very firm at 1081.
Cotton very firm. Middling Upland is quoted 241
to 241.

Floor heavy. Wheat and corn, good inquiry.
Provisions unchanged. Coffee very firm. Sugar
adeacl)r. Molasses dull.

lowed by the government in regard to the
Roman question is the one which was re-
commended to it by a vote of the Chamber.
It could not think of acting otherwise than
in accord with France, it being necessary that
Italy should still have a stranger in her bosom.
As long as Venice is in the possession of Austria,
Italy will always be at war. We could not obtain
Rome without first having Venice. Italy will go
to Venice when she shall have an army of 300,000
men."

Signor Buoncompagni approved the policy of the
government on all points.
Two members of the left afterwards spoke against
the policy pursued by the government in the
interior. Baron] Rioosoli will speak to-morrow.
General Bixio was present at to-day's sitting.

TURIN, Dac. 6.
It is asserted that Garibaldi will return to-mor-
row to Caprers.
The Nationalites of to-day announces that the
financial report which Signor Baetogi, Minister of
Finance, is about to present to the Chamber of
Deputies will show a difference in the expenditure
of 200 millions of franca compared with the ordi-
nary budget.

TURKEY.
CONSTANTINOPLE, Nov. 30.
Mumtaz Effendi has been appointed Minister of
Finance in the place of Teffik Pacha.
This appointment caused a panic in the money
market, and during the week the rate of exchange
rose to 248. Confidence, however, is now returning.
It is said that the Porte will replace Fund Pacha
in Syria by one Governor, with a political

A reduction has been effected in the army budget
to the extent of 25,000,000 piastres yearly.