The Northern Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1853-11-30 00:00:00

GROWTH OF CANADA.

It affords us pleasure to say that from official statements
now before us, the mercantile prosperity of Canada is greatly
on the increase. From what we have seen in passing from
Quebec to almost its western limits, we were prepared to be-
lieve that the last year's importations were greatly in ad-
vance of any former year; but we were not prepared for the
fact that m Upper Canada the increase of population was
larger than that of the United States. Yet the census of both
countries shows it to be the fact, as will be seen by an extract
given below.
As it regards the commerce of Canada, we learn from the
Montreal Herald, that the importations of dry goods have
exceeded in value those of the corresponding period of last
year by $2,106,108; of hardware, $904,304; of teas,
$92,152; sugars, $44,196.
The census reports, made up to the commencement of the
present year, have just been published. The Toronto Leader
gives the synopsis of its contents.
The census tables ,furnish some valuable
:information on
the comparative increase of the different nationalities in
Lower Canada. The comparison embraces the period be-
tween the census of 1844 and that of 1851. The greatest
increase has taken place in Canadians of British origin ;
being 46,63 per cent. against 27.69 in the French Canadians.
The next highest on the list, English and Welsh, 5.59 ;
Scotch, 8.81; 17.12, and United States, 4.59. The means
of carrying on the comparison does not exist. In addition
to the origins named, there is a sprinkling of Nova Scotians,
New Brunswickers, Newfoundlanders, Germans, and Dutch,
French and others of which Lthe enumerators obtained no
particulars.
In Upper Canada there is even a greater variety of nation-
alities. But in this respect neither Canada nor the United
States is singular. Emigration brings its varieties of
nationalities; but after all they are not greater than to be
found in many countries in Europe. There is, however,
this difference between Canada and Europe, that in the latter
the distinct people often settle down by themselves in clans,
whereas here everything, especially in Upper Canada, tends
to assimilation. The Russian
population comprises Scy-
thians, Huns, Massagates, Slavians, Cimbrians, Getes, and
Sarmatians. These different people have united at different
times, under the same government ; but amalgamation,
under such circumstances, is much more difficult than where
the process of fusion is carried on with the emigration.
That people which we now designate by the general term
French, comprises Goths, Danes or Normans, 13urgundians,
from Northern Germany, Franks, Allemans, and some
Romans mixed with the ancient Celtic.

In Rome and Italy are to be found people from the north ;
but it is doubtfiil if there be any ancient Romans. But such
is the mixture of peoples that the Pope is sometimes the
descendant of a Lombard, sometimes of a Goth, a Teuton or
a Cimbrian. The sources of the Spanish race are Arabs,
Carthagenians, Jews, Syrians, Visi,goths and Vandals. The
time will doubtless come when the entire population of
Canada, Upper and Lower, will be a more homogeneous
Teople than any of those European countries are to-day.
he French race in Lower Canada will struggle against the
extinction to which all races in this situation are inevitably
doomed ; but the struggle will be a bootless one. The
example of Louisiana, a French colony, purchased from
Napoleon, in 1802, shows how rapid may be the absorption
of a race under certain circumstances.

Half a century ago Louisiana was a French colony, with
a French population. That people has now lost many of
the distinct characteristics of its nationality; and in half a
century more will be completely merged in the general mass
of the population. In Lower Canada the process is slower,
but the result must eventually be the same. When Lower
Canada ceased to be a French colony, it lost at once and
for ever that French emigration which had founded the
colony. The remnant of a French colony, deprived of all
accessions from extraneous sources, and dependent only on
the natural means of increase, cannot hold its own against a
rival race, who, to the natural means of increase, add the
advantage of constant accretions from immigration.

The comparative increase of the religious denominations
is given. In the period from 1842 to 1851 the Church of
England in Upper Canada increased 73.13 per cent.: and
the Church of Scotland decreased 38.32, the Church of Rome
increased 114 61, the Presbyterians of all kinds the enor-
mous amount of 572.38, the Wesleyan Methodists 45, the
Episcopal Methodists 82, other Methodists not specified 600,
the Baptists 131, the Lutherans 123.54, the Congregation-
alists 53, and the Menonists and Tunkers 73.68. Such has
been the respective increase of the various denominations in
Upper Canada, during a period of nine years. In Lower
Canada the period of comparison is from 1844 to 1851. The
Roman Catholics increased 30.42, the Church of England
4.31, the Church of Scotland 85, the Wesleyan Methodists
58, other Methodists not particularised 816, Presbyterians
465.55. Among the minor denominations the comparison
is not carried out.

During the last ten years covered by the census, the popu-
lation of Upper Canada increased 1041 per cent. At this
iato tt mnrn than amihleg every ten years. This far out-
strips the progress of the United States, which from 1840 to
1850, increased only 66.66 per cent., and is over ten times
as great as that of England and Scotland. England doubled
in the first half of this century, Scotland did not mite double.
At the commencement of the century the population of Scot-
land was 1,608,420, and in 1851 it was only 2,888,742. It
was to be expected that the progress in population of Upper
Canada would outstrip that of 'old densely populated coun-
tries like England and Scotland, but that for a period of ten
years, the increase should stand for Canada 1044, and for
the United States but 66.66 is what few would be prepared
for. If Upper Canada had 950,000 inhabitants at the
commencement of 1851, she will, at the rate of increase
made in the previous ten years, have a population of over
2,050,000 in 1861, and at the conclusion of the next ten
years, that is 1871, the population would be 4,225,000.
Population of Chief Cities, &c.

Provinces. Year. Population. Sq. Miles.
Upper Canada 1852 953,239 147,832
Lower Canada 1852 890,261 231,989
New Brunswick lB5l 193,800 27,700
Nova Scotia lB5l 276,117 18,746
Prince Edward Island lB4B 62,678 2,134
Newfoundland lB5l 101,600 57,000
Hudson's Bay Territory 1851 180,000 2,500,000
Labrador lB5l 5,000 170,000

2,662,605 3,125,401
Cities. 1844. 1846. 1852.
Toronto, U.C.18,420 21,000 30,775
Hamilton „
Kingston ,
Quebec, L.C.
Montreal „
Frederickton, N.B.
St. John's ~
Halifax, N.S . 22,000 23,500 26,000
Charlestown, P.E.I.
St. John's, N.F 12,000 19,000 21,000

A CABMAN'S FARE.—Lord Marcus Hill was fined Is., and
ss. costs, on Monday, at a London police-office, for refusing
to pay a cabman more than Is., when he should have paid
2s. fare.

HARROW-ON-THE-HILL.-On Sunday, the 27th Novem-
ber, Dr. Colenso, the Bishop designate of Natal, visited this
scene of his early labours, and preached at the parish church,
detailing the claims and the wants of his intended diocese.
The collections on behalf of the missions amounted to 274

ROYAL ASSENT TO RAILWAY BILLS IN THE
SESSION OF 18&.

The following is a list of the railway acts passed in the
session of 1853. In accordance with the recommendation
of Mr. Cardwell's committee, clauses are inserted in the
bills for compelling the companies to complete the lines
authorised within the time specified in the various acts.
The time allowed for short lines does not exceed three
years, and for long lines five years. The dates mentioned
are those when the royal assent was given to the bills.
ABERDEEN (Station).—To extend time for the completion
of the Aberdeen station, and to raise money by the creation
of debenture shares or stock to the amount of 250,001.
BIRMINGHAM AND OXFORD JUNCTION, BIRMINGHAM,
WOLVERHAMPTON AND DUDLEY, AND GREAT WESTERN.—
To enable the Great Western Company to purchase lands at
Birmingham, and to provide additional station accommoda-
tion, and to extend the time for the payment of the holders
of securities in the Birmingham and Oxford, and Birming-
ham, Wolverhampton, and Dudley railways. August 4th.

BIRKENHEAD DOCK RAILWAY.—To make a railway 1
mile 351 chains in length. Mr. Fletcher estimated the cost
at 12,0001., and the land required 81 acres. The line is to
cross 9 roads on the level, the steepest gradient is 1 in 415.
August 4th. .

CALEDONIAN (Connecting Branch).—To extend the Barr.
head line la mile to Crofthead, and to erect an hotel at
Glasgow ; to raise 40,0001. on shares and 10,0001. on loan.
The estimated cost, by Mr. Neil Robson, engineer of the
railway, hotel, and warehouses, is 39,6001., and the land
required, 20 acres. Power to convert bond debt into a
debenture stock or annuities, not exceeding 34 per cent. per
annum. August 4th.

CARLISLE CANAL AND PORT CARLISLE RAILWAY.—To
abandon the canal and make a railway in lieu thereof. To
raise 35,0001. additional capital on shares. The steepest
gradient is 1 in 200, and the length of the railway is 111
miles. The estimated cost by Mr. C. Boyd, the engineer, is
28,3281., and the quantity of land required is 2854 acres.
The 35,0001. is to have precedence of the mortgages
amounting to 70,8651., and the latter sum is to be converted
into a debenture stock bearing 4i per cent. interest, and to
rank after the 35,0001. preference stock. August 4th.
EAST LANCASHIRE (Southport, &c.)—To raise additional
capital of 84,00 u/. in shares, and 28,0001. on loan. The
length of the branch to Southport is 7 miles, and of the
Skelmersdale branch extension 214 miles. Eight public
roads are to be crossed on the level. The estimated cost,
by Mr. J. E. Errington, the engineer, is 84,0001., and the
quantity of land, 83i- acres. August 4th.

EDINBURGH AND GLASGOW (connecting lines).—To raise
30,0001. on shares and 10,0001. on loan. The steepest
gradient is 1 in 120. The lines are 1 mile 5 furlongs in
length, and will require 16/ acres of land. Mr.• Alex. J.
Adie, the engineer, estimated the cost at 30.0001. Aug. 4th.
EDINBURGH, PERTH, AND DUNDEE (arrangements as to
capital, &c.) —To relieve the company from its difficulties,
and to effect arrangements with the creditors. To reduce
interest on mortgages and dividend on preference shares.
Authorising the issue of 965,2131. in debentures and other
securities to the creditors, in full satisfaction of their claims,
the interest on which is postponed to that on the existing
mortgage debt of the company, which debt amounts to
833,4201. August 4th.
FORTH AND CLYDE JUNCTION.—To raise 150,0001. on
shares, and to borrow 50,0001. The length of line is 29t
miles, the steepest gradient is 1 in 75, and the line is to
cross on a level 26 public roads. The cost estimated by Mr.
C. Jopp is 150,0001., and the quantity of land required 2031
acres. August 4th.

GREAT NORTHERN (Increase of capital).—Authorising
the company to raise 750,0001. on 41 per cent. redeemable
101. shares, and 250,0001. on loan. To authorise the com-
pany to convert by degrees their debenture debt, and East
Lincolnshire rent, into an irredeemable stock, bearing an
annual interest not exceeding 4 per cent. June 28th.
HULL AND HOLDERNESS.—TO raise 120,0001. on shares
and 33,0001. on loan. The length of the main line is 17i
miles, and that of the branch 3 furlongs. The steepest
gradient is 1 in 130, and the line is to cross 24 turnpike
and public roads on the level. The estimated cost by Mr.
Cabrey, the engineer, is 110,0001., and the quantity of land
required is 112 acres. July Bth.
LEEDS NORTHERN.—To enable the company to raise
capital either on shares or loans, to the amount of 300,0001.,
to pay off debts and to complete stations and works.
August 4th.
LIVERPOOL, CROSBY, AND SOUTHPORT.—Extending the
time for constructing a short branch railway, and to cross a
road on the level. August 20th.

DEATH OF GENERAL SIR THOMAS BRADFORD, G.C.8.,
G.C.H.—We have to record the death of the above general
officer, who expired on Monday at his residence in Eaton-
square, at the advanced age of 76. The deceased entered
the army as ensign on the 20th October, 1793. Sir Thomas
had received a cross and one clasp for Corunna, Salamanca,
Vittoria, San Sebastian, and Nive. The deceased was made
a general on the 23rd November, 1841, and colonel of the
4th (the King's Own) regiment of foot on the 7th February,
1846, which post he held at his death.

DOMESTICS AT SAN FRANCISCO.--A late letter says :—Our
community aro suffering for the want of good female help.
Servants of all kinds continue to command large wages,—and
are difficult to be had at any price. Seamstresses get $5
per day, and job work in proportion. Female cooks and
waiters, nurses, and those adapted to general housework,
readily get from $5O to $75 per month wages, and that too,
in families of respectability, where they are sure to be well
treated and find a good home. Common day labourers, hod-
carders, and the like, get $5 to $6 per day. Carpenters,
maEons, and the like, $lO to $l2 per day, while their board
costs them only $8 to $lO per week. Washing $3 per dozen,
stereotype price.

INCENDIARISM IN THE WEST.—On Saturday night a fire
was discovered in some outbuildings on Southey Farm, near
Culmstock, in the county of Devon, in the occupation of Mr.
John Geare, and belonging to Mr. J. Heathcoat, M.P. for
Tiverton. The fire soon spread to the dwelling-house
adjoining, and in less than an hour, such was the fury of the
flames, the house, the barn, stabling, cow shed, &c., were
burnt to the ground. A hayrick, the produce of eighteen
acres of land, and worth 501., a thrashing and winnowing
machine, and a variety of agricultural implements, besides
fifty bushels of barley, and a large quantity of straw, were
destroyed. The premises were only partially insured, and
the tenant has lost 3001. of property. It is generally
supposed that the fire was the work of an incendiary, and,
as this if the third that has occurred in that neighbourhood,
it is hoped that active measures will be taken to bring the
miscreants to justice. The rural police are on the alert.

VOTES FOR SUPERIOR OPERATIVES.—There is another
class of operatives whose superiority and consequent fitness
for the franchise is incontestably proved, and whom the
savings-bank qualification would not always reach—those,
namely, who are placed in authority over others. Such are
overlookers in factories and mines, foremen and heads of
departments in iron foundries and machine-making establish-
ments, head gardeners who have labourers under them, and
others in similar positions. All who are thus appointed to
situtions of command have been selected in virtue of superior
capacity, steadness, integrity, or education, and must, in
order to have attained such situations, have given proof of
mental or moral qualifications above those of the mass of
their fellow-workmen. They are precisely the class whom
we desire to discriminate from the rest; who, as leaders,
are likely, to influence other, and whose opinion on public
questions and men it would be really valuable to know.
—Edinburgh Review.

NEW ZEALAND FLAX.—The council have received
from the New Zealand Society the one ton of Phormium
Tenax, or New Zeal_. :1.1 flax, mentioned in a previous
"number of the Journal, which has been cleansed in rather
an inferior manner to the usual mode, and has had much
less labour bestowed upon it than native-dressed flax. The
object of Chu Now Zoal,nd Soeisty in sending this sample
is to enable experiments to be made, with a view to the
introduction and application of such machinery and pro-
cesses as might lead to improvements in the preparation of
the flax, so as to render it fit for exportation. The New
Zealand Society has placed in the hands of the council a
draft for 50 guineas, which they are willing should be
awarded to any person who will furnish them with modes
of operation, models and specifications of machinery, by
which the flax may be dressed at a cost not exceeding £5 per
ton (this price to prepare the flax as a raw material,)
reckoning the wages of an ordinary labourer at 4s. per diem,
and of artisans at Gs to 6s 6d. The machine to be of two
kinds ; one analagous to the old spinning wheel, that may
be used in every cottage or shepherd's hut, and the other
suitable for more extensive operations.—Tournal of the
Society of Arts.

IRISH POUTS IRISH ENTERPRISE —At a recent meet-
ing' of the shareholders of the Waterford and Kilkenny
railway it was stated that the directors mean to apply
next session to extend their line to Maryboro' and Ros-
crea and the following statement respecting the consequences
to Waterford of the non-existence of railway communica-
tion with the districts surrounding it was made. The traffic
on the line at the present time has not equalled the expec-
tations of the directors. This is chiefly owing to the present
terminus at Dunkitt being upwards of two miles from the
city of Waterford, and also to the great want of more fre-
quent steam communication between Waterford, Liver-
pool, and Bristol, and to the length of time the district was
without the advantage of railways, the result of which bas
been that the agricultural and other produce which would
have been taken to Waterford for shipment has been drawn
away to Dublin. The imports and exports of Waterford
in 1835, amounted only to 248,000 tons ; in 1851 they had
decreased to 237,000 ; whereas those of Dublin, which, in
1835, amounted only to 590,000 tons, had in 1851 increased
to 1,397,000 tons; and since that time there is every reason
to believe the returns from Dublin have been much larger,
while those from Waterford have continued to decrease.
It has recently been determined by influential persons at
Waterford to construct a line of railway to the packet-sta-
tion at Dunmore, from which regular steam communication
will be kept up with the port of Milford-haven, to which
place the South Wales railway is now nearly completed ;
and it is intended to run an increased number of steam-
vessels to and from Bristol and Liverpool, so that Water-
ford may again become the principal shipping port for the
produce of and the supplies to the south-east of Ireland.