The Express.
London, England, 1850-05-22 00:00:00

Elie erprefso.

OUTGOING MAILS.
The moils far British North Amities sad the Veiled
SOW will be made up ea the errata, of May 24.
The malls rig Marseilles, to the Nediterntatiaa,
Oglcia, lolls, Hoag-Kong, tea. will be made up rig
Weal% of Noy 24.
The alai for Lisboa, Spain, sad Gibraltar will be teed.
*pia nv 27.
The wow lobs Mails. imisehte Berowew. Ilaysawak.
Nemitt, Heriderea New Mamas, sad Meals.. awe stifiledWie
elms be !Winn. et. Jusa-tle.Nimegua. New Gnaw*
CNA wed Peru, will be made up ea the ovals, of Jam I.
Teo sails for Mader* lb. Boils, sad Bowes Apse, will
he node so ea the eirraing of Jose 4.
The malls ler Gibraltar, Malta, Grow, the bales
BINOIt Ogles, ladia, sod Miss, vie flostliampliiyilist
be owls mg co tes sarocetns el Joe* 20.

RION WATTS AT LOKOOR sauna
• Aftsrsous.llll
Is.. LIONWIES.I26. SRL

_ LONDON, WEDNESDAY, MAY 22.

'Turn bat length a fair propost of a emietita-
tional and united Germany. Prussia has established
the Blued, which comprises herself and all the
sovereign princes who do not wear a crown. Ducal
Hesse has remained firm. Electoral Hesse, after all
its coquetting with Austria and the four hinge, has
finally abandoned them, and eves denounced their
scheme. A gorerumer t has been formed. A com-
mon and unanimous resolve has bees taken by the
parliament and the assembled princes. They act as
ea& They are a country.
We never dimisuilsted the perils and the obstacles
which awaited and opposed the accomplishment of
this scheme. So patent were these, and so great
were the interests at stake, that all that was abso-
lutist in Europe, throughout its diplomatiets and its
organs of the press, including the Time. and CAroakis,
denounced the Prussian union, now as portentous
treason, and now se a puerile and abortive effort
The Times, which was the most trusted and most out-
spoken ofthe absolutist organs, threatened war, is case
that Prussia should persevere. Nor was this an idle
threat. Russia has kept 130,000 men in Poland, and has
spent the millions so generously advanced her in Lon-
don, krepitg that army in full efficiency and marching
order. Austria has been no less active, and no lees
menacing. She threatened war through M. Pao-
KETSCH some months back. if it was persisted to call
together the parliament at Erfurt. And not long since,
Prince SCHWABZENBEIG threatened war again, which
was duly echoed in the organs we have mentioned.
The King of PRCSSIA laid that threat before the
assembled princes of Germany. Their and his deli-
berate and joint reply will be found in another
column. It is an important document, the first
diplomatic one issued by this new German power,
characteristic of its nature, and expressive of its aim
and tendencies. _ .

We were well aware from the first, that whatever
rights were put forward, and arguments employed on
both sides, force and firmness would decide. Whilst
Austria threatened, and Russia supported the threat,
Prussia has calmly persevered, taken up her position
with herallies of Erfurt, decreed a loan to put her army
on a war footing, if neczeury—a lean of 2,700,0004
which was filled up instantly In the Prussian pro-
vinces, without any begging or hocuesing in foreign
markets, and at a rate which sufficiently evinces the
credit of the government. This attitude sufficed.
Austr:aevidently shrinks from following op her threat.
Her organ, the Times, declares there will be no war.
And the natural consequence follows, which is,
that all the princes which fell off from the Band,
from counting on Austrian support, or from the dread
of Austrian enmity, rally back to it. The case of Hesse
Is pretty flagrant. And Hanover, there is now but
doubt, will follow the example.
II there be no war, neither will there be a brachia
Germany. The several princes of the Band have all
agreed to send delegates to Frankfort, each bearing
identical instructions, to conclude terms of agreement
not with the old Diet, or under its regime, but with
the rest of Germany. There is need of understanding, '
ebi fly for military purposes. And as the new Band
comprises within its limits all the countries border-
ing on France and Belgium, the defence of the
western frontier depends upon it. And it is for the
other German powers to concert with those
of the Bund for th 3 most efficient defence
of their common country. Under the old
system it is well knJWC, the armies of the minor state'
were disorganised, and not worth counting. There
will now for the first time since 1813 be an efficient
and united German army. This is important at a
time when France in its caprice thinks fit to use to
England the language of menace and the tone of
NA Polio:ilia impert tune*.
The presence of envoys from each member of
the Bund at Frankfort takes from Austria and the
four Kings the power of exclaiming against ille-
gality or talking of a breath of the old constitution.
And let the states be represented as they will, either as
the old conclave of 17, the plenum of seventy-five, or
let them count as equal members of a federation,
wish each state a vote ;—in all cases, the members
of the Band form the overwhelming majority. So
that Aar ria and the four Kings will prove u
powerless in Frankfort, as they have been in their
warlike threats and demonstrations.

We have no dnibt that, L; he end, things will flow
in their natural channel, and that all the princes and
peoples of Clermsny will units in a constitutional
union for political purposes, u they have already
dons for commercial ones. Far the present, however,
Au/trio may attempt to form a counter-
anion, which, to be effective, mast be ootn-
Inertial. But this is impossible. The Bohe-
mians would not admit the Saxon manufacturers

to compote with them any more thee the Balms
would take their share of the burden tithe Austrian
debt. As to Haaover, it is altogether cut off from
an Austrian union by the states of the Bond, which
intervene. As Austria =ekes it a sine #tai non
that it enters any German union with its entire
monarchy, Bavaria and Wurtemburg would be
utterly absorbed and lost if they joined alone with
such a we. Whilst, as the Mode very justly re-
marked, was there to be a complete union of all flier-
many with the Prussian and Austrian monarchies,
they would form a Colossus to appal and intimidate
Europe, not to give it confidence. The completion
of such a scheme would overturn, in lieu of settling,
the balance of the old world.

Tim news jest received by the Cumbria from
America is el considerable importance, both in a com-
mercial and a political point of view.
In the present critical state of the ultra market
the intelligence respecting that staple is naturally
the first to same our attention. The latest news
respecting the erop last planted is that by electric
telegraph to Hibbs, purporting to be three days
later than the dates bremiht by the Cambria from
New York, and remounting that a favourable change
lad taken place in the weather, removing, to a
great extent, the apprehensions which had been enter-
tained respecting the prospects of the growing crop.
But such news moat always be received with caution.
The present state of the market unfortunately affseds
every inducement, and furnishes every opportunity, for
reckless [peculation. The telegraph has already, in
connexion with this subject, been turned to very
qu.stionable purposes, it not being many months since
a telegraphic despatch to Halifax announced a fall in
the American market which bad in reality not taken
place, but the rumour of which had some influence, on
prime here, followed immediately by considerable
purchases on American account. We are much inclined
to believe that similar transactions will now occur,
provided any materiel change is wrought in
paces by the despatch received. We wish,
for the sake both of our manufacturers and ope-
ra ives, that we could unhesitatimily accept it as
true, but it is our du'y to keep them as far as possible
on their guard against information which beam the
stamp of fabrication, even though it should be favour-
able to them. Our doubt as to the authenicity of the
repot rests upon its being so totally adverse to the
teem of the news brought/rum New York. In another
column will be found the intelligence as regards the
gathered and the growing crops up to the Bth of May,
the day on which the packet masa. From the gene-
ral news we cull the following extract :

The bulk of the stock in tfiis York) sod tbi,
meth. rn pats is held with tow, hr.; aititinob tbs iia,
row donuolly low tete of freight kid bittb Tot, of fore4qa
would piste e .flois at yen little eapfe in
L.„„yom. yst aol.itrs Phew no disposition to Alm The
position of las f-,4li.rs is streontlion4 w, joy by th,
in-
„atnie4( delcileney is the average' at the ports, owdriaisi
folly ale early views of the )ield. A now element, via , tie
prospers 01 W crop of 18.50-61, now 'agars public woo-

floe, sae mast ere keg earn= ea Ismortant infisasss ce
prior. •
The accounts state that the telA delleisney:r*:
$1
ported by the latest mail 11011 ter apwardll.
800,000 bales, and that the seadirtres yet colds
and unpropitious in most of the .important Fitton
-
growing districts. Such aillethellesie_iteen
which we us expected to dttw ourown tionclusielbei.
The tenacity with which holders were, up to the
latest-detail, retaioins their 'tacks, shows that theta
statements were believed and acted arm.
If this be so, it is next to impossible that three
&ye can have wino& the manellgas change is the
slats of the groenng crop =banned to a sudden alte-
ration in the weather. Memo as were the pros-
petal of the plaaters, up to the Wog moment, to
whit= we have authentic intsillgesoe, they were not
past hope. The weather may, by this time, have
restored the crop to a promising condition, but im-
plicit relieves is not to be plaosd on the change
alleged to have bean wrought between the Bth and
the 11th. The telegraphic announcement savours of
an attempt to eases a temporary depression in prim,
with a view to speculative purchases.
From Calamine the news is both important and in-
boosting. The accounts, as regards the yield of
gold, appear to realise the most extravagant expecte-
tioes that had been formed of the wealth of that ex-
traordinary region. New " diggings" are being con-
stantly discovered, KIM of whir= are far removed
from San Francisco. Some of them, if the amounts
are to be believed, are far richer than any previously
discovered. The best proof of the yieM continuing
abundant is the quantity of dust sent home by the
last steamer to New York. About two millions of
dollars were brought by the Empire City, and more
was immediately to follow. The enormous glut of
provisions and other articles of ooesumption in the
California market may be inferred from the
fact, that whilst gold was becoming more abundant,
the tendency of primps was downward. The specu-
lators in land were meeting with the fate which
had every where else awaited them ; extensive fai-
lures having occurred, and many more being appre-
hended. The fluctuation in the value of land, par-
ticularly town lots, is to a great extent attributable to
the multitude of points which are now competing
with San Francisco and other places, towards which
the speculators chiefly directed their attention.
Bat the most important intelligence from the
Pacific is of a political character. In commenting
some time ago upon the discussions in Congress re-
specting the admission of Calif anis into the union,
we could not help suggesting that impediments
of any kind thrown in the way might give
rise to ideas and views which would lead to a speedy
separation of the Pacific slope of the continent from
the confederacy. The interests of the new region
may not be so different as they are distinct from those
of the eastern states; whist a vast desert more arm-
tually separates the two sections of the continent
from each other than as much sea would do. Its
isolated position, and the direction which its trade
will necessarily take, are raggedly* of ideas of inde-
pendence—which the states on the Atlantic and the
Mississippi should have done all in their power to
suppress, instead of fomenting them, as they hive
done, by discussions which were anything but calcu-
lated to produce an unfavourable effect on the Califor-
nian mind.

If the reports which reach us be true, an act almost
tantamount to treason has already been committed—
the collector of customs at San Francisco having been
notified to pay the monies received by him into the
state treasury. The functionary in question is the
savant of the general government, appo.nted to col-
lect its revenue; and this sequestration of federal
treasure to state purposes is an invasion of the rights
of the central government greater than South Carolina
threatened in 1832, whin the whole force of the
Union would have been brought to bear agaimit her
had she carried her threat into execution. The Ame-
rican commodore on the station is preparing to resist
this aggressive step, if it be persisted in.
There is but one thing likely to defeat or retard
such a question as the independence of the new terri-
tories, once it is mooted; and that is the love which all
Americans cherish to the union. But that feeling has
never been put to so severe a test as it is now likely
to be subjected to. It by no means follows that it
will ever be held superior t, all considerations of in-
terest, and, indeed, the readiness with which Ameri-

. .
cans resigned themwlves to a separation from the
union, in the awe of TIM" shows that circumstances

—.-
may arias which may recder them indifferent to it.
So independent wu the attitude of the Texans, that
when they did come into the union, it wu chiefly on
their own terms.

Should the newborn ideas of independence gain
ground, the American government will have a very
delicate game to play with its Cilifornian citizens.
It cannot be denied but that a disruption would be a
fitting retribution for the iniquitous wv by which the
new territories were acquired. Such an event would
also exercise a most important influence on the ques-
tion of slavery—an influence which would fitly punish
the south for the short-sighted policy which it
adopted in making California the battle-ground be-
tween it and the north.

Tneas is no greater differetce of opinion amongst
men than on the subject of how injuries are to be
resistei or avenged. In general it is decided by
temperament. Some will pat up with no injustice,
will cavil foe the ninth part of a hair, and will rush
into chancery or a duel, from an abstract principle of
patiently enduring no wrong. Others again, men
equally-high-minded, scorn to take so close a view of
their own rights and interests, and prefer enjoying in
magnanimity and repose those blessings and things
which they indisputably possess. The question is,
not which of these lines of conduct is morally rights
but which is most conducive to the true interests of
the individual.
Nations are in the same necessities as individual'.
They have rights, they have tempers, they have
envious and quarrelsome neighbours. Which is the
best plan P To draw one's sward on every brawler ;

or int up, for peace sake, with encroachments and
affronts? We have two schools of foreign policy, one
of which is to go on one's knees to all the world, the
other is to tread on all the world's toes. And, strange
to say, France is divided between the two schools,
as much as England. In France public opinion
is for quarrelling and being spirited. In Eng-
land the public voice is decidedly for bearing anything,
in preference to going either to law or war. Such
being the popular toladeneies of the two countries, it
is generally contrived by both to have ministers with
a spirit somewhat in contrast with the nation. Thus
the feeling of the French in foreign policy is gene-
rally over-ridden by a pacific minister, who curbs and
beguiles; whilst the feeling of the English in the
same repeat is cheated into the ass of more spirit
than it likes.
Nothing can be more magnanimous and, we fear,
indifferent than the feelings of English people towards
Greece. Gress*, at least its wart, has been most un-
grateful, mast violent, and moat baneful to us. Yet the
mastiff spirit of the British would scorn to take revenge.
A minister, however, views things in another light.
He sees the necessity of making the government re-
spected. And although for his own peace and that
of his colleagues he bad far better have been quiet,
and like the nation, submit to have his heard
twitched by little Greece, the spirited minister cannot
re. Some lonian @abject, of England have been
grossly maltreated : Greece refines to redress their
wrongs. A British officer is insulted, and his boat's
crew beaten : Grease puts its tongue in its cheek when
asked for apology. But these insults are not strong
1 enough to awaken a British public. There
must be pecuniary claims, property injured,
and redress refused i there moat be com-
mercial grievances to warrant the employ of
British force. Greece in its etosirdsrie, in the in-
solence of its spoiled child's existence, affards mates of
all this grievance. And the spirited minister takes
advantage of it to make reprisals and blockade.
France, which in schoolboy rivalry, rather than in
political interests, encourages Greece to beard us.
came, in to the rescue. And we have, in the official
correspondence just ipublliked by the French govern-
ment, a sample of how Lord Pauseasrox manages
Bath an affair. His lordship is certainly an ugly
customer, and we do not wonricr, that absolutist
courts and their orgivs wish him far enough.
He is able, specious, not to be it.timidated, or
cajoled, over-reached, or under-intrigued. If he
yields, It is by inches. Nor does he ever give up
an advantage without having received an equivalent
No chapter in FIELDINO, DICKR,III, or TuAciutitAy.
is so rich or so highly amusing as the dist.,ea
which Lord Pallintairron led their diplealade
highnemse of France and Russia ihroughod this

I age, The object of French intervention being
evidently to save French diguitymul nWs mere,
lihd tbetolgeot `ot *mien 4.66
peer. the ides thi* any d_ 14= ' '
self, it ismuming to ste how thW 1
and aims me met and played wir brow bates
sawedsze b7-tb&BES0111.11tehltstIll in *elute
Sod dasipelleihe Beseisirgi it up. and the
Premium is drives bus plot to until be has
Oki
suey left to NNW .44.4 didleilitelg
a penes blades', Bather thmaseitY not
eves plity to es
Nothing ma leo Than what is smarted and
reittiate alter thus in lainiktter. :
As to the duration et tit* Wwiddlen (walls M. Droop
do l'ilsys), the Inglish govenrwast does net Wiest*, does
not *von derased. that say emsfse terra should be fixed. It
trusts entirely to die pod iiithetlies ?tea* mediator. "It
ii," said Lord Pshasistea to ass,, W whew Y. Ores shall do.
flare to Mr. Wyss that his good gassi•havir set °Wised,
wad bare not even the Ashes et obteialn, a favourable
result, ft is they only that Admiral Parker AaII 'pia have
rioonne to oosieles awsmurai. But I. case of fella», he
shall net require, in enles to de that, to wait for troth
orders."

Now this is precisely what Baron Gum did,
'What Admiral Plant emitted, and the real of
an ambeseador, on account of the happening of oc-
currences, so plainly chalked oat before hand, is the
most unwarranted act of Etowdnie eddoplicity on re-
eord. As to the complaint of M. Lsatrrs that the
British government was forcing one negotiation
at London and another -at Athens, it was Baron
GROS that was negotiating at Athens; it was not
Mr. Wras. His orders were not to negotiate, but to
lose that to M. Otos, sad is ram did. Oros' failing,
to renew coercive mammas..

We are not now dieseling the wisdom of such
instructions or such measure.. They make part of
the general considerations, which we before indulged
in. Bat certainly, as fir as regards the recent con-
duct of the French government, it is utterly We-
feasible. Indeed, it is inexplicable, except u a clap-
trap, to convert the growing dissatisfaction of the
French public into something like applues. Thi
may be a very ingenious trick, and possibly a success-
Int one. But it is hard end, indeed, utterly unpardon-
able, that a government that has in truth incurred
great risk andobloquy in supporting such an improvised
and rickstty thing, as LOUIS NAPOLEON'S regime,
should be sacrificed and insulted at the first moment
that the sacrifice or the insult may suit the views or
the domestic policy of the President's cabinet.
Louts NAPOLEON thought fit to dismiss a parlia-
mentary and constitutional ministry, and to appoint&
cabinet of his personal friends. Amongst them was
numbered the legitimist, LAIIMI, and to him wu
entrusted the management of French foreign affairs.
General LAIIITTE has employed the trust reposed in
him to play the game of FROBSDOZT, and to create a
schism between the ruling powers of monarchic England
and republican France, which may be patched up and
varnished over no doubt, but which cannot but be in
reality both durable and profound. If Louis Nitro-
LION had made a private bargain to aid in the Resto-
ration' and secure himself the constable's staff, or a
high chamberlain's wand under HENRY V., be could
not have taken a different tonne from that which he
has pursued.