The Northern Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1856-12-24 00:00:00

USIC FOR THE MILLION

To learn sweet music, you only need go
To Seventy-nine Dale-street. where y u will find
A master of talent, whose genius doth show
In playing the Accordeon, to strengthen the mind.
The Flutina, as graceful, is taught with success,
'Whose soft thrilling notes are delightful to hear ;
While the chaste Concertina doth magic express,
To gladden the heart when rude sorrow Is nearl
The name Is GEORGE JORDAN, whose fame is well known;
The Cornopean, Saxhorn. and Flute he repairs ;
Thus, Diusual Instruments, when old they are grown,
He manages neatly to powerful airs.
He deals in Accordeons and Flutinas too.
And Concertinas unrivalled for sweetness of tone;
Now, Cnristrnas is coming, he promises you
To teach you those instruments sweetly, you'll own.,

THE ART OF PLAYING on the Accordeon, Flutina, or Concer-
tina taught in a superior style, in a few easy Lessons, for Ten Shillings.
♦ccordeona, Fluttnas, Concertinas, 'Mus'c Boxes, Cornopians, Sax-
horns, Trombones', Clarionets, Flutes, Violins, and every other
article in the Musical line, of the best make, cheaper than any other
sstAltshment. Every description of Musical Instruments tuned,
ispaired, or taken in exchange at

-
GEORGE JORDAN'S
MUSICAL WAREHOUSE, 79, DALE STREET,
(Opposite Sir Thomas's Buildings, Liverpool.)

GEORGE'S HALL

ORGAN PERFORMANCES
Will be given by the Organist,
MR. W. T. BEST,
On SATURDAY NEXT, the 27th instant.
Saturday Af ernoon. at 3 p.m.
Saturday Evening, at 8 p.m .. Admission, 3d.
The Concerts last one hour.
Doors open half an hour before each performance.
St. George's Hall, Dec, 23 1856.

gsr TO-MORROW BEING CHRISTMAS
DAY, THERE IVILL BE NO ISSUE
OF THE NORTHERN DAILY TIMES.

AMUSEMENTS, PUBLIC MEETINGS, &c.

TMIS DAY.

Liverpool Academy's Exhibition—ten a.m. to ten p.m.
Queen's Hall—Hoffman's Organophonic Band—eight p.m.
Royal Colosseum—General Entertainment—halfpast six.
Freemason's Hall—Gallery of Anatomy—eleven a.m. to
ten p.m.

** For particulars see advertisements in first page.

(4e kort4ern

WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 24, 1856.

THE DAYS NEWS.

In spite of capital punishment, the crime of
murder increases in almost every quarter of the
United Kingdom. As we have before observed,
Judges may sentence to death, chaplains may ex-
hort, and Calcraft may pinion upon improved Kin
ciples, draw the fat al bolt, and usher murderers into
another world, but all this will not stop the bloody
deeds of barbarous assassins. At an early hour
yesterday morning, intelligence reached us that
Birkenhead had just then been- the 'scene of an
awinl tragedy, and that notwithstanding the
execution of Wm. Jackson on Saturday, at Chester,
another fellow creature had perished from !he
effects of a wound by a knife, which ho received
in tho region of the heart. The circumstances of
the case are fully reported iu another column.
Deeply do we commiserate with the bereavement
sustained by the mother and sister of the unfortu,
nate deceased, he being, it is alleged, their chief
and only support. From what has transpired, the
bloody deed was no doubt committed in the heat
of passion, instigated in all probability by drink.
That, however, is no palliation of the offence,
for society must be protected against such
murderous actions. The Coroner held an
inquest on the body of the murdered police
man. and after the examination of witnesses,
and hearing the medical testimony, the jury
returned a verdict of " wilful murder " against
Smith, who must now stand his trial at the next
Chester Assizes, on the charge above-named.
From the evidence adduced at the inquest, together
with the voluntary statement of the accused, we
fear that there has been a great want of forbear-
ance on the part of the police, besides the adoption
of measures of coercion not only unnecessary but
unreasonable. In addition to this vile offence,

our paper of today contains accounts of other
murderous doings in several parts of the country.
Whilst these have been going on, the three
Italians, Guiseppe Sagara, aged 20, Giovanni
Barbalaus, 18, and Alatteo Peterick, 21, have been
hanged on the top of the county gaol at Winches-
ter. iahey were convicted at the recent assizes,
before Mr. Justice Coleridge, of the wilful murder
of John Pattinson and 1 van Evans. on board the
barque Globe, in the Bosphorus, and before their
execution they made a full confession of their
guilt. There was an immense crowd cf persons
present, who behaved very decorously.
The Select Vestry held their usual fortnightly
meeting yesterday, but the proceedings were devoid
of any real importance. A long discussion arose
upon the conduct of Mr. Kelly, one of the medical
officers, whom Mr. Denton alleged had acted in a
very questionable manner, with regard to certain
vaccination returns which he had sent into the
Vestry, and, after giving his version of the Dr.'s
delinquencies, moved that his connection with the
Vestry be terminated Mr. Churchwarden Wood-
ruff defended the course pursued by the finance
committee with regard to the " great irregularities"
of Dr. Kelly. Mr. Denton's motion was lose, but
we hope the discussion will induce the Dr. to act
with greater caution in future.
The proceedings of our Police Courts yesterday
were of the usual character. Another posteffice
official, a letter carrier named John Connor, was
brought before Mr. Mansfield, for having neglected
to deliver letters entrusted to him for that purpose.
These offences are becoming of freqe en t occurrence,
and we cannot but help thinking that, in too many
instances, the parsimonious treatment of all post-
riffice servants is the main cause of many of the
frauds perpetrated. To entrust a man to discharge
duties of importance, and confide to his care and
keeping articles and documents of value, whilst his
rate of remuneration is barely on a par with that
of the common dock labourer, is sheer madness.
Stern and inflexible necessity —the necessity of
to-day's and to-morrow's bread, acts as a strong
temptation, steels the conscience, until at last
dishonesty sets in, and pilfering and plundering
other men's property become the final result.
We know of no more important duty than that of
the safe and punctual delivery of letters. It is one
that deeply concerns the very humblest individual
in the land. Place, then, the letter carriers, and
all other Post Office officials, in a position com-
mensurate with their usefulness and importance.
Hold out inducements sufficient to attract men of
sterling worth to enter the service. Make it not,
as it has in many instances bet n, a kind of refuge
for the unfortunate, and a doorway whereby aspir-
ing senators can reward the services of political
partisans, after or before a general election.
A question of some interest and importance to
foreigners has arisen touching the nature and effect
of a certificate of naturalisation. In a letter to one
of the London papers, the Chevalier de Chatelain,
who is a Frenchman, and married in this country,
says :—" I have taken up my abode from predilec-
tion. I became naturalised in 1848, long before
the Presidency of Louis Napoleon, and conse-
quently the establishment of the second empire
From that time I have exercised all the rights of
an English subject, voting both at vestry and
Parliamentary elections, considering myself de
facto an Englishman." The other day, however,
he got a letter from the Home Office, intimating
that no certificate of naturalisation granted by the
British Government can place him " beyond
the lawful power and control of his native
country unless he has been denationalised
by the Government of the latter." The
Chevalier complains that he was not notified of
this when ho was naturalised here in 1848, when
he could have easily obtained his denationalisation
from the then French Government. " Since the
coup d'etat," he says, " not regarding the empire as
founded on a legitimate basis, I cannot of course
solicit any favour of the said Government. I
pledged allegiance to Queen Victoria, as to a con-
stitutional monarch who has kept her oaths. I
decline pledging any such allegiance towards Louis
Napoleon, for the contrary reason." The Chevalier
will be obliged to any one who may enlighten him
on the subject.

A strange circumstance has just occurred in our
relations with tho King of Naples. Her Majesty the
Queen has imitated the example of the Emperor of
France, and has caused a memento of sympathy
on her part, to be transmitted to King Bombs, on
account of the recent attempt made upon his life.
The English residents at Naples have, also, sent
an address of congratulation on his miraculous
escape, in which they say that they " never cease
to pray for the prosperity and happiness of the
Neapolitan Royal family ! " Are these documents
meant as jests ? or are our naval and military
menaces at Naples only make-believes—a pretended
dislike of a king whose sway, as a sovereign, has
been one of terror and tyranny.
The tenor of our latest Continental advices
does not abate anything as to the dangers
which may ultimately arise from the dispute
between Prussia and Switzerland. It is said that
an exhortation addressed by the four Powers not
engaged in the quarrel will be addressed to the
Swiss Confederation, to make, on her part, the first
conciliatory step. France is represented as having
suggested the step. Such exhortations should be
addressed to both parties, without regard to whose
right is the stronger. A right does not always
involve the duty to make it respected under every
circumstance, as Prussia herself has acknowledged
The state of Europe is at present such as
demands reserve and forbearance, for the sake
of preserving the general peace. In the
meantime the reports of active preparations
for war on both sides are fully borne out by
the latest intelligence. A telegraphic despatch
brings the confirmation of the statement in our
Berlin correspondence, that the Bavarian corps
d'armee would receive marching orders; and from
Switzerland we hear that the twenty thousand men
which the Swiss intend to devote to the defence of
their northern frontier will be concentrated, one
half at Basle, and the other at Schaffhausen, that
is to say, at the two points where the Prussian
attack is to be expected.
Constantinople advices of a late date seem to
intimate that the negotiations between Lord Strat-
ford de de Redcliffe and Feruk-Khan, the Persian
ambassador had been broken off, and that the
latter functionary would proceed to Paris. This in
some respects agrees with the intelligence which
we published yesterday that the ultimatum of
of the British Ambassador, had been forwarded by
Feruk Khan to Teheran. Had it not exceeded
his powers to accept the condition insisted upon
by Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, it would have
been unnecessary to send the ultimatum to the
Shah. We must wait more explicit and authora
tative information as to the nature of the condi-
tions demanded by Lord Stratford. At present
we will only say that if the version of these
conditions contained in the telegraphic despatch
turns out to be true, they are very strange indeed.
The so called declaration of war speaks of a breach
of the treaties on the part of Persia, and now we
are told that it is not required of her to keep the
treaties ; but that the treaties should be revised.
Next, we hear of demands of concessions for
English commercial factories on the Persian
coast, and for English railways across the Persian
territory. These may be very good things, although
their desirability should be scrutinised, but are we
to go to war for such purposes ?
With respect to the approaching Paris Con-
ferences, we hear that the Turkish plenipotentiary
is said to be armed with peculiar instructions,
and that he is to deny and oppose any
indemnification to Russia for giving up the Bel-
grail. It is to be remembered, that a frontier
regulation and not a diminution of the territory of
Russia is under consideration. It is true that
military reasons are said to exist—which we
altogether doubt—why Bolgrad should be trans
ferred from Russia to Moldavia; and if so, it is
evident that the simplest way to solve the difficulty
is to indemnify her at some point where no mili-
tary reasons exist against an equivalent extension
of her territory. If Tus!:ey opposes this, then she
or her masters, do not wish for a lasting peace.
Rather unpleasant intelligence comes to us from
Madrid. It is said that Queen Isabella's present
advisers are fairly entering the path 'of the cele-
brated Calomarde Ministry under Ferdinand VII.

( ; -*!.*
t

Their conduct is quite as arbitrary, and their rule
is quite as despotic. They have recently issued
orders for the early closing of the shops and cafes,
precisely as he did ; and these measures,
which are cons;dered by them as precautionary,
produce great irritation among the public with-
out any advantage whatever to the Government.
The Ministers do not stir out v ii.hout being
accompanied by police agents. Each Minister
is attended by three of them as a bodyguard, and
when his carriage stops at the door of a house, two
policemen place themselves at the corner of the
street, and the third at the entrance of the house.
All wear large cloaks, and carry under their arms a
loaded blunderbuss. General O'Donnell had an
interview with the Queen on the 10th, which is
said to have caused much alarm among Ministers,
and a Cabinet Council was held at midnight.

By the Braganzie (s) which arrived here from
Lisbon, yesterday, we have advices to the 15th
instant ; but they do not contain any political in-
telligence interesting to our readers _

Since writing the foregoing, we have received
our usual telegraphic despatches, dated Paris,
Tuesday evening, informing us that Prussia has
demanded the passage for her troops by the 15th
of February. The preparations for war were going
forward in all the Swiss cantons. The students
of Zurich had volunteered their services, and were
entering the active -army with great enthusiasm.
The lest accounts from Persia, which reached
Marseilles yesterday, say that Murat Mirqua had
marched to the south, towards the sources of the
Hercosdt, and had occupied Terrah in Cabu?.

The visit of the Grand Duke Constantine to
Persia is spoken of, after his return from Nice,
where he is to take his wife on a visit to the
Empress Dowager.
Before we again address our readers they will have
enjoyed the time-honoured festival,—Christmas—
that day which brings with it not only the greet-
ings of friends and relatives, but the usual good
cheer and general enklyments which always
accompany, at all times, and in all lands, a national
holiday. From the extensive preparations which
have been made by all classes of the people, and
from the demand for evergreens, the holly bush,
and the mistletoe, there are but few who will not
garnish their dwellings with these time-honoured
symbols of the happy season. Our tradesmen have
been taking advantage of the good old Christmas
times. Preparations to vend their wares upon
an extensive scale have been adopted.
Independent of those who deal in the many kinds
of creature comforts, the drapers, the silk mercers,
the haberdashers, and the milliners present attrac-
tions rich and rare. The booksellers offer hand-
somely bound Christmas gift s, and stationers, with
the view of inducing those whose strong and settled
affections will prompt them to write and despatch
loving mementoes, and finish up by presenting
" the compliments of the season" to friends or
future matrimonial partners, offer all kinds of pens,
ink, and paper. The toy shops are replete with
goods for presents to the young and rising
generations ; the theatres are ready with their
pantomimes ; the public concert rooms with
Kew and most popular vocalists. The
gin palaces are decorated and ornamented with
profusion, and seem to say that joy and mirth,
feasting and pleasure are to be the order of the day.
Every heart seems light. The multitude regard
the day as one wherein the cares and anxieties of
the world are to be for a time forgotten. Let us
not forget that there are many, very many excep-
tions to this rule, the widow and the orphan in
many a street in Liverpool will have no cause to
rejoice; the distressed, the needy, and the
afflicted will, no doubt, mourn over their poverty.
At such a time all should be happy, and it becomes
every one, while enjoying the festivities of the sea-
son, to remember those around them who have not
the means of procuring Christmas cheer, and to con-
tribute a something; so that they, too, can, in a greater
or less degree, partake, on the memorable 25th of
December, of the roast beef of Old England, with
the other accompaniments that are usually served
therewith. We are glad to see that the paupers in
the Workhouses, the children in the Industrial
Schools, and the inmates of other Charitable In
stitutions will not be forgotten. This is as it
should he. And now to all our readers we, respect-
fully, wish
A MERRY CHRISTMAS
AND A
HAPPY NEW YEAR.

THE Christmas festival approaches once
more to mark the flight of time. It comes
fraught with its usual share of joyful and melan-
choly reminiscences. This time last year we
were engaged in the savage pursuits of war. The
then future was one unbroken blank which
remained to be filled up by Providence. We had
no thoughts that peace would be our portion, yet
the world's tranquillity was as near at hand as
the renewal of hostilities appears to be at the
present moment 'lt fell upon us as a great
Continental necessity and diplomatic affliction,
which is without a parallel in the history of
political pusillanimity and moral recklessness.
We have gained nothing by our tergiversations
but a glorious uncertainty, which has saddled us
with a military expenditure which has just trebled
the annual burden of our National Debt of

800,000,0001. But this is not the moment for
discussing these gloomy subjects, and we should
not have adverted to them if it was not that the
public expect a Christmas box from their rulers,
and would feel much displeased if they had
found themselves minus the little favours of a
season of war. We now pass on, however, from
bitters to sweets—from politics to plum-pudding
—to those types of good old English hospitality
and joviality which it is hoped the ravages of
time cannot deface.

No other festival has withstood the indiffer-
ence, objections, and prejudice of ages. Where
it is not kept as a day of unbroken sacredness,
and recognised in its spiritual essence, it is
universally admitted to be the anniversary of the
Christian's deliverance and promised redemption.
There is something in this reflection to reconcile
the conflicting religious sects who now share the
blessings of Christianity and the fruits of its
civilisation. The world is as young and pre-
cocious as it was on the day ADAM was created,
if we are to believe our most profound politicians
and industrious philosophers. The developments
in the mental and material world in our time are
said to be so wonderful as to induce us to think
that mind and matter at all former periods was
one huge chaos. We can afford, therefore, to be
conciliatory and generous to one another—to
hold out the olive branch to the religious sceptic,
as well as to the untaught heathen. We can
console ourselves with the imperishable truth that
it is to the Gospel we are indebted for being what
we are, as a nation ; and that the spread of re-
vealed religion will vastly increase our strength and
store. The most demoralising wars and the mo,t
abortive treaties of peace cannot defeat, though
they may retard, the consummation of this
belief. The paradise the Pagan has lost we
have acquired, and to-morrow we shall be called
on to celebrate the eternal triumph.
Let us, then, be as merry as we are full of
hope. The heathen may, some day, appreciate
the cause of our mirth, and take part in our

.8J It I L

t4fiallTSl.o7i

► lnl

their figures, they must find fully 3,000,000 0
extra slaves to give us the additional 3,000,000
bales of cotton they say we must have. And if
we only estimate the cost of each negro which
reaches the States al eat 200 dollars, we find
that the sum required to carry out the brutal
design would amount to 600,000,000 dollars.
This would be a formidable sum to draw on the
bullion resources of the world for, within the next
ten years.
Another view may be taken of this portion of
the subject, which will give the reader a still
better idea of the immensity of the slaver's pro-
position. The New York journals state that the
cotton crop amounted to 430,000 bales only in
1820-21, and that it reached 3,227,845 bales in
1855-56. The ratio of increase here shown is
over 600 per cent. in 35 years. Should cotton-
isation continue, therefore, to progress as it has
done within this latter period, we should require
18,000,000 bales, or 18,000,000 slaves capable
of producing one bale a head to meet the de-
mand of 1890. Now, we have always admitted
the commercial omnipotence of cotton—its
fabulous importance and untiring activity ; but
we are not prepared to say that it is destined to
enslave so large a number of the human race.
We will not sanction the thought that all the
good it has done for mankind is to be attributed
to the growth of an " institution," which is at once
a scourge and a disgrace to our species. There is
ax infallibility about heinous stns, but it adds
nothing to the stability of a nation's crimes•
" Nothing unholy can last " is the immutable law
which the orthodox criminal never attempts to
deny. He confesses his weakness to go further
when he is aroused to a sense of the burden of
guilt he has already-taken upon his head. But
time does not appear to have made the slave-
holder conscious of his transgressions against the
unalterable decrees of Gon and man. That
arithmetic to which he pins his faith cannot

teach him to beware of the follies and dangers
of his ways. He does not see that great and
grievous wrongs cannot be multiplied, or the
gains of a protracted age of criminality calcu-
lated and divided at will.
There can be no doubt whatever that the
demand for cotton will continue to progress
steadily for the next thirty-five years, and that
were we require one bale of cotton now, we
shall want six at the end of that time. But can
the slaveholders of America suppose for one
moment that by extending their man-debasing
" institution " they can supply what free nations
want and can produce ? Can they suppose for
one instant that England will be a party to a
scheme which would throw the ocean open again
to a wholesale traffic in human flesh ? Such
notions had better not be relied upon too far.
The public—the commercial men of England
will never sanction any attempt t) increase the
number of slaves employed in the cultivation of
cotton or any other tropical product. And if
sensible men will only take the trouble to go
carefully over the figures on which the slave-
holder pretends to have made his arguments in
favour of a renewal of slavery, perfectly good and
unanswerable, they will find that the whole
affair is a chimera, and that we, as a mercantile
people, threatened with a scarcity of the raw
material required for one of the most stable
branches of our manufacturing industry, ought
not to suffer ourselves to be misled by the ravings
of visionary zealots, and neglect the business of
providing for our future wants from some
Christian and more certain source.

THE PREROGATIVES OF THE CROWS.—This ques-
tion is thus alluded to by one of our London
cotemporaries, in an article discussing the topic
of settling the foreign p ;Hey of England. Our
cotemporary says :—" Nothing can be at once more
ridiculous and humiliating than the results of this
anomaly of the British Constitution. Nobody in
England, except the dozen noblemen and gentle-
men who form the Cabinet, knows anything about
the proceedings of our Foreign Office, until those
proceedings arrive at that final stage when
they become accomplished facts. How we
stand towards Russia, or Austria, or France
—what the approaching Conference is to
do, and what not—are as much mysteries
to us all as if we had no concern with them. Lord
Palmerston might at any time during the last throe
months have gone to war again directly with the
Czar, as he has with the Shah, without as much as
saying to the people of England " by your leave."
And this is not because Parliament happens to be
not in session. It is the prerogative of the Crown,
and the people, who are in this respect thoroughly
the subjects of the Crown in the old divine-right
sense, have only to obey. To be sure, informa-
tion is vouchsafed, usually, when asked for by a
Member of Parliament in his place ; but it is only
such information as the Minister in his dis-
cretion, or contempt, or caprice, chooses to
impart. " The interest of her Majesty's service" is
very often the convenient excuse. A perfectly
valid excuse it is, since in theory as well as in fact
it is her Majesty's service, not the service of the
nation, as it ought to be. It follows as a strictly
logical consequence from this maxim of the Consti-
tution,
that Parliament need not be informed
except at the pleasure of the Minister, or not
informed at all, of what our Government is doing
in relation to foreign States. Parliament is not
informed, and being ignorant, it of course cannot
give advice, cannot even form a clear opinion until
after the event. The documents being then laid
before it. though even then in a mutilated and
" cooked" condition, it may pronounce what is
strictly an, historical judgment. and it may also
vote want of confidence in the Minister, but that is
all, and as a check, experience has proved it to be
practically nothing."

CABINET PROPITECIES AT WASHINGTON.—By the
Persia we learn much speculation was going on at
Washington respecting the constitution of Mr.
Buchanan's Cabinet. A well informed party thus
writ3s: For the next four years, however, the exe-
cutive power remains with the democrats
Whether it will be misused as it has been during
the present administration, and its influences
exerted for the unworthy purposes of the Southern
pro-slavery men, is yet to be seen. Moderate men
of all parties are anxiously watching every move-
ment which may indicate the course Mr. Buchanan
will pursue. The South is confident that South-
ern interests will be his first care. In the North
the hope prevails that he will adopt a conci-
liatory policy, and strive to redeem the errors
of his predecessor. Whatever his intentions
may be, that they will be fully shown in the se-
lection of his cabinet, which will represent his
views as nearly as possible. There is much
speculation in regard to this matter, and the New
York Tribune, which undoubtedly possesses great
advantages for obtaining accurate political infor-
mation, asserts confidently that the cabinet will
be composed as follows :—Seoretary of State,

ll
Lewis Cass; Secretary of the Treasury, fl°Wen
Cobb ; Secretary of the Interior, Jesse
Bright ; Secretary of War, C. J. Faulkner ; Secre‘
tary of the Navy, Win Preston; Postfußeeto
General, Cave Johnson; Attorney-General, Is n 9
Toucey. These gentlemen are all known flit
statesmen of moderate and liberal views, 1;
committed to the support of the rabid firte
eating slaveholding democracy of the Otlio
Their selection would be regarded 8„5
avowal of conciliatory feeling on the part 01-'Ol
Buchanan, but I have a higher authority than tOO
of the Tribune for pronouncing its supposiWvet
groundless. The President-elect has not
chosen his Cabinet, and although some 01:0
gentlemen aboTe-named will occupy positt%f
therein, it is doubtful whether more titan threil e
them will. Mr. Cass has little hope of being 63,1
to the head of the State department ; Mr, Sfiviehe
of Louisi.tna, whose name do,,s not apps a!'
Tribune's list, will certainly•fill one of the Ca 7io
offices ; Mr. Preston has not been thought et,
connection with the Secretaryship of the nrldi
and the post of Attorney General has been (Oto,
to a disti;lgnished gentlemen of Massa,chtts.: is
and not to Mr. fouvey, of Connecticut. But ittbe
quite impossible to state as yet precisely,-110:0
Cabinet will be formed% for the simple reason
the President-elect himself has not decided upo
the subject,

WHAT WE AllE TO EXPECT FROM THE APPO'tegli,
CONFERENCES.—TIIO London Daily Te/egra'v4
which writes vigorously upon the present 05Ptijd
of our foreign relations, in commenting uP°ll,„-of
approaching Conferences, remarks, with all f,g''?rit
confidence, that from the indications whicil Lir
present themselves, it cannot perceive anY reah'io
able grounds for believing that the approac4";„;
Conferences will lead to anything but (H 6004110
and disappointment. The Emperor of ,sae
French, notwithstanding the pains which Otry
been taken to persuade the people of this collijoi
of his devotion to English interests, is manife: be
watching to ascrtain the powers with whicasre
ought to establish friendly relations; and there be
• many reasons for arriving at the conclusion tiltigri.ll)
is not indisposed to cultivate the same amity ls
Russia that Napoleon I. found so valuable, Plh—oyl
on her side, seems resolved, at all risks, to °P; of
her tralitional policy, and whatever her dreal'utiot
aggression may formerly have been, it is Plain :8d
recent sacrifices and disasters hove not sucee'dot
in humbling their spirit. The Telegraph 16031:00
it would bo a delusion to im “iine that we 7,010
now secured a lasting peace, when, to judg,)f
passing events, all we have obtained is a , ;ilobe.
truce. Under these circumstances, it wow" the
well if Ministers imitated Russia, and ge",belt
public some authoritative declaration of
foreign policy.

THE TRIPLE EXECUTION AT WINCIIESOR..
gel°
WINCHESTER, TUESDAY ,MORNlNG.—Thisre.,crninslo(
convicts Guiseppe Lagava, aged 20; Giovanni lierh—iop°:
18; and Matteo Pettrick, 21, were hanged on theiecell;
the county gaol here. They were convicted at nemirdta
t
assizes, before Mr. Justice Coleridge, of the rillie`"ln't
of Joseph Pattinson and Evan Evans, on boar e 9 o.
barque Globe, in the Bosphorus. The circeMstanicealli
the murder and piracy were detailed at full Of°
in our columns at the time. The fact thatiWpili
persons were to be executed at once
now a rare occurrence) drew together a very lar,eooo'
course of persons, not a few of whom Were A-to the
Every town and village in the county contribute. A3rA
number of anxious spectators who crowded to thebtr,
of execution. Many took up their position last nig aeoft
are still waiting to see the bodies cut down. Mani SDI el'
supposed to hag Q come from Portsmouth, were seen drop
el/
crowd, which continued to increase even after t,iorei
fell. Great efforts had been made to induce Sir u'linedi;
to spare the lives of the miserable men, but he deicopePn
he would not listen even to a respite, and a seocia,..,`„v *ft
iu favour of Pei:rick, who saved the life of the '-itire"
afterwards appeared as chief witness against the of dry
was equally fruitless. Among many even who do ngistg!
approve absolutely of capital punishment, there e;bst
feeling' that these foreigners have scarcely bad, is a,"::
c tiled a fair trial—they having been to all in'e"fn 0'
purposes undefended. However, they were left :"torb
At a quarter past eight the officials were brought `l3roofe'r
apartment to which the prisoners hid been °mete:,
e
Here they were pinioned, according to the t r
adop'ed at the execution of NI arkv, and shortly ofm tba
bell begin to toll, and the procession moved towalitigelli
Waco of execution, the chaplain (the Rev. Mr• retina
reading the burial service, from "I am the reit'. :II tb:,
and the life." Upon arriving on tile scatroo, 0)0
convicts addressed the chaplain and the exec
(Caltraft) in Italian—but what their remarks Wereir gull;
unable to say, further than that they confessed thethe 151;:
They had, however, made a full confe.ision to tbroug
chaplain, The preliminaries having been gone and°id
the bolts were withdrawn by the hanginae',,,,seneeho
wretched convicts were launched into the
their Maker. With the exception of Lags,ap.ry 0;4
struggled convulsively, they appeared to die ',;„ olfro
posedly, notwithstanding a considerable diffientes 0311,
to there not being fall enough. There was an
crowd of persons present, who behaved very. aeons.;
which. is rather au unusual thing on thesU 0001.

THE COURT,
e,°'
DE
WINDSOR, 0000
The Queen and Prince Albert walked in the the
Park this morning, The Princess Royal .311:10/111
Princess Alice rode on horseback. The younger
children took their nsual exercise.
pest!
104
DBPARTURE OP PRINCE FREDERICK WILLIA.I",
PARli.—Prince Frederick William of Prussil le" b 1 °
on Sunday night at twenty minutes to ele°eilizolli
special train on the. Strasburg Railway. s';l to the
Highness was accompanied by Prince Napoleon dee,
terminus, where the prefects of the Seine and orgPof
tbe
several high authorities, and some of the director"
of oho
company were assembled. After taking leaceaf ear
persons assembled, the Prince entered the 11°1;01 ef
riage, and the train took its departure. The (Iy perseit:
the imperial household attached to the Prtnee:
accompanying him to Strasburg. From thl"rliace°
Royal Highness proceeds to Baden to visit the I
to th°
Louise, his sister, who has lately been Willed
Grand Duke. „ire 164
His Royal Highness the Duke of Carabri-P,,k, 0";
James's Palace on Monday for Swakelef-Pe'rq"eis e'
Uxbridge, the seat of Mr. Clarke, where the li'!:31001#i
Donegall and a select party were to meet his r°31.0.40i. °
In the evening the royal duke dined with the
f
Donegall at Harefield Place. ped „fie
Lard Stanley, M.P., has joined the familf nirepostliej°
with the Earl and Countess of Derby, at of
Lancashire. h 98$a
The South _Eastern Gazette reercts that the btsieeet
Canterbury, wit) was taken speechless a fertla
still remains in a very precarious condition•
whole
t tie.
The Essex Herald has reason to believe tba lath'a in
of the foreign legions will cease to exist by the oefin"'„
ary next. Colonel Percival, who commanded th; sotto'
Legion since the departure of General Baron Yec d tit
helm with the volunteers for the Cape of Gfo the
Lieutenant-Colonel Bathurst, in coron3an3 A44tsi:to
Regiment, and Major Ellerman, filo Assista%fortb' nd
General, have left Colchester; Captain Stui" 11-.
Brigade-Major, has been left in charge of the:woo:1
others remaining at the camp. Dr. Freun::,nrieciPt.
General of Hospitale, has been succeeded as of, the .bra
medical officer by Dr. Taylor, staff surgeon 01
class. opj
soicee og
YOUNG MEN'S ASSOCIATION.—The annt4u eh4l xe,eot
meeting of the Canning street Presbyterian
Men's Christian Association was held in the 11
tine
night. _A siol4t on;
COMMITTAL OF A GANG OF SWINDLERS.
ferrred 8,00
since we gave the details of a charge pre Teo,*
polico court, against two s, father an!:"lteyrroiust:
Goulding, alias Ridgeway ,here(l name), 0,/,_.,!st
and all the names that follow, Jaeksoa, TheD elifsrolo
and others: gory'
smith, Camcbell, Mathews, Reed,
was for obtaining, and attempting, to obtain'
Manchest .erei
in the various names, from Stockpart, yeet
persons in all parts of the three kingdoms,
with, Nantwich, Runcorn, and other 4)-0711,.5.1ie
elder pOr
these two, with another son, and the wife.
enct,...10 I!Ydiot
saner, were brought up at Warrington,
.bvti:,,ol6oari_ved
the magistrate, when Mr. Reay, from the is 3)
Society, attended to prosecute, and haei icto,o9,
four cases against them, the prisoneis sver,, oathb on settiel
to abide their trial at Chester next fiESiZ p
spiracy to defraud, and for having deflaud (x
of goods, &c. by 1c,t...te,r;i1.0010.;

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE

FRANCE.

ARIS, EVENING.
„ In telligenCo has been receivedMONDAY that the Russian
at has not yet stirred from its position on the
shores of the Caspian. It amounts to 40,000 men
e,,emplete and is still in cantonments. The Russian
General had, however, sent three superior officers
-"viz , one of the staff, one of the engineers, and
Persia,
of the infantry—into the nearest province of
to examine the situation of the towns and
forts, and to take plans of the routes by which a
Passage might be made for an army.
am informed that the precise day for the open
w
'_°y
lof the Conferences is not yet fixed, but that it
il
k
-e made known before the end of the present
month.
tl The Constitutionnel of to-day has an article on
Nellfehatel question. It is a paraphrase of the
note of the Moniteur ; and the acid of the official
"Ihnnunication is tried to be diluted in the luke-
warm
Lt stream of M. de Cesena's prose. We owed
I' all Probability, to the impression produce
d' tPublie by the rather acrimonious and
stliet-at°rinl tone of the Moniteur. The Con
utionn 1
e
t 114 says that the question at issue is
"'ltch less between the Cabinet of Berlin and
,
irkth,''''.vetio Confederation, considered as an
th, -Vuottnt and neutral nation, than between
tin; Kin
of Prussia and the Federal Council,
conh
6 at Berne.' 'This distinction between the
ielf,thtlY and the Federal Coencil, which is,
acts the Executive Government, is untenable.
This
the p"eclitive Government is chosen from among_
for,,; 'floral Assembly, which, in all matters of
Policy, has the supreme control, and with
and not with each canton separately, foreign
witrhernrcients treat, as foreign Governments treated
ti the Government of Louis Phillip°, the crea-
Lief's.„u
..of the 221 members of the Chamber of Depu
ee: the Republic, which was the result of a
api.essful coup de main, and the Empire, which
con from a still more successful coup d'etat. The
not
stttutionnel says that "the question in debate is
that 'f
"-day. It is the resnit of the contradiction
at \i"ists between the fact violently accomplished
right by by the revolution of 1848, and th?,
",egally consecrated by the Treaty of Vienna.
riot language language would suit the elder Bourbons, but
whose strongest, if not its only claim is
stltertr Peolluvetiron On the first opening of the Senate..
o!, NI" Legislative Corps at theTuileries on the 29.1.1
Pret;tleh, 1852, the Emperor Louis Nap deon, then
4e,, Went
, of the Republic under its new form,
ri,4tivatorelt(lttiionn his address that, " The day following
the first guarantee for a people is the
rpt° choose the Goverment which best suits
Perh 'Le French nation has given to the world,
of a for the first time, the imposing spectacle
fertngreet People voting, in full liberty, for the
the of its government." The address is found in
no „Lew edition of the Emperor's works, corrected
tbe-"hbt
by his own hand, and published during )•
thatiptr'se„et year. It would be absurd to suppose
h '
for a -e Emperor meant that the right he claims
Ih eligreat people should be denied to a small one.
of,o her points except that of number and form
t)
,kpe Yet%
re
ent, the case of the people of Neufchatel
Orime---%. identical with that of France. The change
tam,verhEnent in the small state was effected by the
atm! 141.eans---revolution or " an act of violence
exer ‘:1•01e day following" the people of Neufc
Thea
citi,eteed the same right as the French
il'ahtteeetteolrottnie of the canton took part in the vote,e
age was lowered from 22 to 20—the
army „being that at which the recruiting for thei
"in''°hamences and admission to the Federal
Zion are allowed. Unlike the Fren .h revo u•
thtinsi,°' 1848, and the coup d'etat of 1851, not a.
titeri-;et Shot was fired at. Neufchatel. The Consti
bite-($ Assembly of the Canton, elected on a large
.
the and in perfect order, met on the st,k of April
41109ew Constitution was completed on the 25th,
Neu;t,s first article prescribes that " The Canton
the 'ehatel is a democratic republic, and is one of
alit states of the Swiss Confederation." The Con-
Deaptil°ll was submitted to the approval of the
es Of Neufchatel ; the inhabitants of no other
voter ~, Were
ne_
allowed to vote. The number of
feurtis were 10,208, or something more than one
643 1,,0f the whole population. The result was
for theuirnlative voices ; 4395 negatives-1118iority
tiledippe new form of Government 1418. Where is
Phaeiceience between this operation anti that which
kstabirl the form of the French Government an
The the empire?
elltr7 onstitutionnel says, " The King of Prussia,
'l,rhie",,itl,eg with confidence to the Emperor the care
,m,haan--a`g,tlita, and his honour as a Sovereign, only
the 1,,,,;"eu an act of humanity in order to prepare
61 f°r a voluntary renunciation of his rights
If I a:sreigntY in the Principality of Neufchatel "
4et rightly informed, the Confederation have
RharaZtised the liberation of the prisoners if a
grid in see Were given them of snch renunciation ;
rhwserious an affair, and with a power like
eat, 'la, not
deer celebrated for scrupulous exactness. in
ti"-`llra legs, they were justified in demanding
sNbtn—es. The Emperor of the French is no
er Pre flattered at having the honour of the King
",,,titlesa6i:t Confided to him," but the Swiss are also
44-1(1 beiie'v°estirne consideration
•}1 ed he that the unpleasant impression pro
41 n re Is not so much because the Emperor
'll4*
°t
talc decided part with Switzerland,
'Ol• fg o f Wiethti Parussia, as from the manner in which
;:e'vere°l4l organ has spoken of the Neufchatel
'vel •'"ent. and the slighting reference to t
atr thion ef .
esa which it is the consequence. The
th,,,il„.thollen,hlis laid on the Treaties of 1815 would,
4 bequite natural from a member of
Ivhe ° ' • from
na,„
4hd eYst '
ance but is rather strange , one
in tisPrn, ertl is a contradiction of those Treaties,
- the tog from the revolution which is denounced
ohs
anoniteur. From him more than from any
1',,6r111138:he Swiss had a right to expect, not
f,•"ta that he should side with them, but at all
'eta 'LlOre
at eru indulgence, less haughtiness, than
thetihia esostat• The public appear as much surprised
emigrants
of Holy Alliance metamorphosis as
their
hi ir, s'elgrants were on discovering on
rlt,cl—arkre of the West India islands that the
thtate relations who had gone out only two
inYteosT
.before were changed by the sun and
era Lie t Biggers."
mioe
e his _ ror
may be certain that however auto.
Allanguage or style, no member of the
as ersnentr "a:le?, however he may cotale his
'e oft h'n his keeping, will ever look upon him
1) ha-e brotherhood.
t ve
tb i? • st heard that a letter has been received
• e 411),
ha -heat veror from General Dufour, mentioning
the that has been produced in Switzerland
'eta ilote •
ebii this
r, In the Moniteur. The inference drawn.
eclzeßeelscia_iiiiodrunication is, that the Swiss will be
this double pressure, to grant the
lay&'tatie uhs demanded of them.
tiPrederick William of Prussia left
.Paris
6 Sightt ut 20 •
rasb minutes to 11 by a special train on
IvOthpae.l-trg Bei His Royal , way. Highness wa
ral re thet6cl by Prince Napoleon to the terminu
thegißlt a /erefects of the Seine and of police, seve-
ef 144 i-ides, and some of the directors of
Nithe pePanY were nesembled. After taking leave
'Ph *ay omens assembled, the Prince entered the
,4tee„eflia„-„,rriags and the train took its departure
• sal,- 4-eine-,:e of the Imperial household attached to
Fr Person accompanying him to Stras-
ait"S to 13"3111 that city his Royal Highness prom
erg Wheatcleh to visit the Princess Louise, his
I.a
fe• has lately been married to the Grand
ay Ile th
t',,,'tieß-l'ehants and manufacturers of Paris are
ch'stice eilvilth increased anxiety that the Bank of
11testati:e reitiou its rate of interest and receive
11'41'41 tjj;: at 90 days for discount. T ley
reati when this relaxation takes place trade
qta nle its accustomed activity. Many m er-
I en 4re co
mpelled to restrict their operations,.l
win nenee of their having a large capita
tht. in bills of from sixty to ninety days,
%.? k'h°lee the
find it difficult to neeociate. The
Not ale tr
I(tti at,
ode of Paris was excessively dull last
811. tip
,the retail trade not much more
tt4lea fo-verf the shops which are laid out with
tkina "never new vest's gifts have found but few
latratlte The shopkeepers still expect that this
; It
lsleoct week may indemnify them for the
said that many wealthy families have

remained in the country purposely to avoid the
extraordinary expenses of the Christmas season in
Paris ; and strangers remark that the cafes are not
as well attended as formerly. The dullness of the
home trade, however, has been in some degree
relieved by orders from England, Germany, and
South America.
The accounts from the manufacturing depart-
ments are more favourable. The manufacturers of
Lyons have sufficient orders on hand, but they find
a difficulty in executing them in consequence of a
scarcity of the raw material. Raw silk, however, is
beginning to fall, in cons; quence of the large sup-
plies arriving at Marseilles from the Levant. The
manufacturers at Rouen and Mulhouse have like-
wise received many orders lately. All the accounts
received of the growing crop of wheat are excellent,
and as yet appearances in every direction are in
favour of an abundant harvest. The price of corn
is gradually declining in the provincial markets.
Still the farmers with difficulty abandon the expec-
tation they entertained of obtaining an exorbitant
price for their crops. But the abundance of wheat
and flour renders buyers indifferent, and sales are
with difficulty effected. All speculation has ceased
on the Paris corn market, and the purchasers of
flour at high rates are forced to hold it over, let by
offering it for sale they might produce a panic The
bak Ts find no difficulty in supplying themselves
with flour at from 77f to 78f the 159 kilogrammes.
The stock of flour in the Paris stores has increased,
and is now estimated at 10,000 metrical quintals,
and it is known that the millers are well supplied.
There was a large quantity both ofhome grown and,
foreign wheat offered for sale at the last Paris
market. The best quality fell 50 centimes the 150
litres, good quality a franc, and inferior quality
could find no buyers. The markets in the
departments have fallen one franc and two francs
tho hectolitre fur wheat. The average price is
from 24f. to 25f. the hectolitre. New wines con-
tinue to arrive at the market of Bercy. Prices are
firm, but they have not risen. Fabulous prices
are said to be given for old wines of the first
quality. Wines of the last vintage are to be had
in the southern departments at from 45f. to 70f.
the hectolitre. Pure spirits of wine from the south
finds buyers at from 215 f. to 225 f. the hectolitre.
Spirit distilled from beetroot is quoted at 140 f
The German spirit is refused on account of its bad
quality, and the stores at Bercy are encumbered
with it. Brandies maintain their price in Paris
notwithstanding their decline in the south.
The Three per Cents closed to day at 66f `bye for
the end of the month, and the Four and a Half at
92f 10c. Orleans Railway shares, 1,3051; Great
Northern, 930 f; Strasburg, 805 f; New Shares, 7421
50c ; Paris and Lyons, 1,360 f; Lyons to the Medi-
terranean, 1,715 f ; Western of France, 845 f ; Bor-
deaux and Cette, 737 f 50c; New Shares, 757 f 50c;
Great Central of France, 602 f 50c; Lyons and
Geneva, 720 f; Bank of Credit Mobilier, 1,387 f 50c ;
Austrian Railways, 772 f 50c.
MARSEILLES, DEC 2L
The Thabor has arrived, bringing the Constanti-
nople mails of the 11th inst A son of Redschil
Pasha is among the passengers. He brings the
instructions for the Turkish Plenipotentiary to
the Paris Conference.
The corn market has been firm this week, in
consequence of the continued demand from Spain.
The following sales have been made for immediate
delivery :-12,000 hectolitres of wheat from Tagan-
rog, at from 32196 e to 33143; the hectolitre ; 9,000
hectolitres Danube, 26f 253 to 27f 34e; 4,000 :
hectolitres Roumelia, 25f 95c; 9,000 Alexandria,
201 31c to 241 25c ; 9 000 aiimerican, 31f 56c to
32f 18c.

TURKEY.

CONSTANTINOPLE, DEc 12.

Yesterday Salih Bey, son of the Grand Vizier,
and member of the Council of State, embarked on
board the French mail steamer Danube for France.
He is the bearer of the instructions sent by the
Turkish Government to its Ambassador in France
respecting the new Conferences which are to take
place in Paris.
As the two Western Powers have agreed to refer
the disputed questions to the decisien of a new
Conference, Turkey, although most immediately
concerned in the matter, will not have more weight
in the decision than any other member of the Confe-
rence. All she can do is to place her own rights in
the clearest light and point nut the dangers which
might arise from sacrificing them to any other
objeet. This position is far from satisfactory, but
it has become an inevitable consequence of the
mistakes of the former A Iministration, which,
instead of taking the initiative in the beginning
of the dispute, and adopting a decided line of
conduct, which would probably have rallied roun I
it most of the contracting Powers, followed a time
serving policy, which contributed not a little to
complicate the affair, and which ended in depriving
Turkey of the influence which she ought to have
exercised in the decision of those questions.
As things stand now, unless some previous
understanding favourable to the claims of Turkey
has taken place between England and France, as
one cannot help hoping, it is at least doubtful
whether the majority of the Congress will he for
the Turkish view of the case. If all the great
Powers persist in their original decision the two
secondary Powers— Prussia and Sardinia—who
have not yet pronounced themselves definitively,
seem to hold the balance. But as there can be
very little doubt what part Prussia will take the
votes will be even—England, Turkey, and Austria
on one side, and France, Russia, and Prussia on
the other, and Sardinia alone will have the casting
vote. However honourable such a position
as arbiter may seem at first sight, it is at
the same time a very embarrassing one, for
it forces Sardinia to side with one of the Wes-
tarn Powers against the other. Were it not
for the accidental coincidence of opinion between
England and Austria, there can be little doubt
that the merits of the question, if nothing else,
would acquire for Turkey the vote of a power
which seemed to be so well aware of the tendencies
of Russia as to go to war with the latter without
any personal cause of grievance ; but one could
not be surprised if Sardinia, who claims the lead
in Italy, should feel relucrant to go hand in hand
in any question with Austria, whose very name is
detested all over the peninsula. Yet Sardinia
ought not to forget how dangerous it is at the
beginning of her new career to sacrifice the justice
of a cause to feelings of sympathy or antipathy ;
and that this momentary coincidence of opinion
between her best friend and her worst enemy is
more likely to cease after a victory than after a
defeat,
Now, as the Turkish Government has been re-
lieved from the cares of the Bolgrad and Serpents
Island question, which weighed so heavily on its
onward progress, it will be at liberty to approach
the second, not less intricate, question which it
has inherited from its predecessors, namely, the
settlement of the Danubian Principalities. It is
now nearly two months since the first Conference
on the firman for the convocation of the Divans ad
hoc was held, and the members separated without
appointing a day for a second meeting. The
change in the ministry intervened since, and the
reopening of the Paris Conference, and the matter
remains in abeyance.
As I understand it is not the intention of the
Grand Vizor to adopt the firman of his predeces-
sors, especially that part of it which prohibits
indirectly the question of the union being dis-
cussed by Divans ad hoc ; he seems to be of
opinion that, as the treaty did not limit the expres-
sion of the wishes of the country, the Turkish
Government cannot do it either. Moreover, the
blind opposition which lies been carried on
hitherto against every movement connected with
the union was the very worst means to prevent
the expression of opinion. It bad acquired
more partisans for the union than its most ardent
supporters could have got if they had been left
alone. The treaty gives the Principalities the
right of expressing their wishes, but it leaves to
the Conference the right of deciding on their
definitive osganisation, and in this decision the
rights of Turkey can claim, at least, as much
consideration as the wishes of the principalities.
Had this idea been the leading one from the
beginning, and had the Turkish Government as
fairly acknowledged the right of the Principalities

6(1

A (1--r)rj

IVA k_l A. 4