The Northern Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1853-12-02 00:00:00

ENGLAND AND WALES.

South Midland Railway. Thames Embankment and
Railway (London and Westminster). Conway and Llanrwst
Railway. Eastern Counties Railway (stations enlargement,
Wisbeach Branch). Oxford, Sevenoaks, and Troubridge
Railway. Southwark and Crystal Palace Railway. Lon-
don and West Kent Railway. Wellington Docks, South-
wark. West-end and Crystal Palace Junction Railway.
Sydenham, Farnborough, and Otford Railway. Exeter and
Exmouth Railway. Potteries, Biddulpb, and Coneeton
Railway. Birmingham Canal Navigation (Tramways).
Wycombe and Oxford Railway. Blythe Harbour Improve-
ment Dock and Railway. Darlington and Barnard Castle
Railway. Lymington and Brockinghurst Junction Rail-
way. Wrexham and Ruthin Railway. York and North
Midland Railway (Branches). Carlisle and Silloth Rail-
way and Dock. Barnard Castle and Bishop Auckland
Junction Railway. Oxford, Worcester, and Wolverhamp-
ton Railway (Chipping Norton Branch). Hertford, Ware,
and Welwyn Junction Railway. Oxford, Worcester, and
Wolverhampton Railway (Stratford-on-Avon and Stour-
bridge Branch). Ditto ditto (Cradley Loop). South Me-
tropolitan Railway. London and Oxford Railway. London,
Tilbury, and Southend Railway (Extension and Devia-
tions). Swansea Bay and Lougher Valley Mineral Junction
Railway. North and South Wales Railway. Great West-
ern Railway (Berks and Hants). North Yorkshire and
Cleveland Railway. North London Railway (Station).
Spalding, Bourn, and Stamford Junction Railway. Lan-
cashire and Yorkshire Railway (Middleton Branch). Eastern
Union Railway (Branch to Wymondham and Eye). Fu St
Suffolk Railway. York, Newcastle, and Berwick (construe-
tion of Docks). Blyth and Tyne Extension to
Tynemouth Railway. Leominster and Kington Rail-
way. Thames Improvement. West-end of London
and Crystal Palace (Extension to Wandsworth) Rail-
way. West - end of London and Crystal Palace
(Extension to Bromley and Farnborough) Railway.
London and North Western (Shrewsbury and Newtown.)
Railway. Havant and Haley Bridge Railway. North
Metropolitan Railway Extension, Leicester-square Junction
and South Kent Improvement. Shrewsbury and Hereford
Station Enlargement. Rugby and Oxford Junction Rail-
way. Montgomeryshire and Rea Valley Railway. Darenth
Valley Railway Extension. South London Railway. New-
port and Abergavenny Railway (Extension to Swansea).
Tottenham and Hornsey Junction Railway. Caermarthen
and Cardigan Railway. Stockton and Cleveland Union
Railway. Direct Southern and Thames Terminus. Thames
Embankment and Railway (London to West London).
South Eastern Railway (Bromley Line). Great Northern
Railway (Horncastle and Kirkstead Junction.) Salisbury
and Yeovil Railway. Dover and Canterbury Railway (East
Kent Extension). Stockport, Disley, and Whaley Bridge
Bridge Railway (Stockport to Whaley Bridge.) Caterham
Railway. East Lancashire Railway (Dock Branch and Lines
at Liverpool. Bradford, Wakefield, and Leeds Railway.
Stockton and Darlington Railway (Branches). Leamington,
Warwick, and Stratford-upon Avon Railway (from Stratford
to London amd North NV estern Railway at Warwick).
East Lancashire, Lancashire and Yorkshire, and Manchester
and Southport Railway (Branches). Dowlais Railway
(Extension to Vale of Neath). Vale of Towy Railway.
Whitehaven, Cleator, and Egremont Railway. Ffestiniogßailway. Torquay and South Devon Railway (Extension).
Llanidloes and Newton Railway. Swansea Vale Railway.
Swansea Harbour. Llynvi Valley Improvements. South
Devon and Tavistock Railway. Severn Valley Railway.
Derbyshire, Staffordshire, and Worcestershire Junction
Railway (Extension). Dartmouth, Torquay, and South
Devon Railway (Extension). Ffestiniog and Machno Rail-
way. Norfolk Railway (Aylsham Branch). Norfolk Rail-
way (Lowest )ft Harbour). Wells and Fakenham Railway.
Nuneaton, Hinckley, and Leicester Railway. Border Coun-
ties Railway. Leeds, Bradford, and Halifax Junction
Railway. Portsmouth Railway (Deviations). South Devon
Railway (Alterations). A mberg.ate, Nottingham, and Bos-
ton and Eastern Junction Extension Railway. Shrewsbury
and Chester Railway (Branches). Cannock Railway. Great
Western Railway (Stratford Branch). London and North
Western Railway (Haydon-square Branch). Rhymney
Railway. South Staffordshire Railway (Extension). Lon-
don and North Western Railway (Junction Lines at
Shrewsbury). South Wales Railway (Branches). South
Wales and Northamptonshire Junction . Railway.

• SCOTLAND.—Caledonian Railway (Lesmahagou Branches.)
Perth and Dunkeld Railway. Caledonian Railway (Alter-
ation of Wishaw and Coltness, &c.) Kinross Railway. Sel-
kirk and Galashiels Railway. Ayr and Maybole Junction
Railway. Inverness and Nairn Railway. Great North of
Scotland Railway (Deviation, &c.)
IRELAND.—Kilkenny and Great Southern and Western

Railway. Cork and Bandon Railway (Extension.) Belfast
and enmity Down Railway (CnmhAr to T)nwnpatrirlr )
donderry and Enniskillen, and Londonderry and Coleraine
Railway, (Bridge at Londonderry.) Belfast and West of
Ireland Junction Railway (Armagh to Cavan) Clones and
Cavan Junction Railway. Belfast and West of Ireland
Junction Railway (Armagh to Clones.) Londonderry Bridge.
Midland Great Western Railway of Ireland (Tullamore
Branch.) Dublin and Wicklow Railway (Extension.) Tuam
Railway. Londonderry and Enniskillen Railway (Extension
to Fintona.) Great Southern and Western Railway (Exten-
sion to Athlone.) Cork and Waterford Railway (Alter-
ations.) Wexford and Wicklow Junction Railway. Grand
Junction Railway of Ireland. Cork, Blackrock, and Passage
Railway (Carrigaloe to Midleton.) Irish South Eastern
Railway (Extension from Scarawallish Bridge to Wexford.)
Mallow and Fermoy Railway. Bagnaldstown, New Ross,
and Wexford Railway. Dundalk and Enniskillen Railway
(Extension.) Tramore and Dunmore Railway. London-
derry and Coleraine Railway (Castle Dawson Extension.)
Ballymena, Ballymoney, Coleraine, and Portrush Junction
Railway (No. 1.) Ballymena, Ballymoney, Coleraine, and
Portrush Junction Railway (No. 2.) Downpatrick, Belfast,
and Dublin Railway.

THE AMERICAN EXHIBITION-MINERALOGY
OF AMERICA.

The mineralogical department of the New York Exhibi-
tion I have already spoken of as being decidedly the most
interesting and complete. It is imueasurably the largest
and finest display of the kind we have ever witnessed, and
Europe itself has had few that exceeded it generally ; while
no display of American mineralogy in the Old World ever
could have approached it. The arrangement of this depart-
ment, like everything else which depended upon the mana-
gers, is done almost as badly as can well be imagined. The
classification every observer has to make for himself ; and
yet at the head of this business stands one of our most dis-
tinguished, and probably our most noisy mineralogist. Of
course, the gaping multitude see little but the gold; and
really, to a philosopher, those massive lumps do look desira-
ble ; but California is by no means the only portion of
American territory that contributes this precious metal. It
is found there in considerable quantities from six other
states : New Hampshire and Maine, in New England ; and
Virginia, North 'and South Carolina, and Georgia, in the
south. 1 have never seen so large or beautiful a display of
iron ores. Iron is found in every State of the Union, and it
is here exhibited from nearly all. Nickel, which is used so
extensively in the manufacture of what is called German
silver, and which is now being discovered in many places,
here f‘irn;APs its best specimens from Lancaster county,
Pennsylvania. This menu great deal of in-
terest. Of our 31 States, tin comes only from New tramp-
shire. Pennsylvania and Maryland give us chrome; the
latter, also, cobalt ; while we have bismuth from Connecti-
cut. I t seems amazing to an American that we should be
importingly lead, with such a disnlav of it from so many
...gnus rnis ore in
the exhibition are from Ulster county, in New York ; but
it is mixed with pyrites and blonde in large qualities. But
next to it Wisconsin represents herself in large masses of
pure galena, of complete crystalisation in cubes. North
Carolina furnishes good specimens of phosphate, carbonate,
and sulphuret of lead; while Massachusetts and Connecti-
cut exhibit the latter; but the best display is from the
Wheatly mines, in the State of Pennsylvania. The Wheatly
mines were discovered about two years ago by a gentleman
of that name, who has attained considerable reputation at
home and abroad as a mineralogist. The crystals of phos-
phate, sulphate, carbonate, and chromo-molybdate of lead
are very fine ; while one mass of galena is labelled " 300
ounces of silver to the ton."

The New Jersey Company shows the completest speci-
mens of zinc ore, in the mining and manufalture of which
we.
Fe making extraordinary progress. The demand for
zinc is increasing in the United States most rapidly, where
it is taking the place of white lead. Scientific men from
Europe say that they have never seen anything that com-
pares with the huge blocks of pure copper sent from Lake
Superior. Some of them are of fabulous size, and almost
absolute purity ; but there are contributions of copper from
nearly all the Atlantic States, and from other sections 1,000
or 2,000 miles distant.
Mexico and South America, with different countries in
Europe, show silver ores
its
in contributions of quicksilver; but
we have no specimen of silver ore from any one of the
United States unmixed with lead. The " columnar sections"
of coal-beds offer a very interesting study. The oilstones
from Lake Superior are thought to be quite equal to any in
the world; and the slate for roofing sent from Vermont is
remarkably fine. A rage for minerals has. gone through
this country, and thousands of amateur mineralogists have
collected cabinets, in which they have displayed far more
sympathy for science than knowledge. In the north-west
corner of the geological part of the Exhibition are some
exceedingly beautiful ammonites from Great Britain. The
exhibition is now beginning to contribute something prac-
tical to art and science. The arrangements are as complete
as they are likely to be, and a large number of scientific men
and artisans are making it a business to observe and inves-
tigate. Over sixty thousand of the pupils in our public and
private schools have visited the Palace, and a considerable
number of our authors are preparing to write treatises on the
various departments.—Letter in Me Times.