The Express.
London, England, 1861-05-10 00:00:00

AUSTRIA AND ITALY.

—.—
The Nord publishes the following as the text of a
despatch addressed by Count Rocliberg to the Aus-
trian ambassador in this country, under date 27th
April : _ _ _

The journals lately reproduced a despatch addressed by
Count Cavour to the Marquis d'Aseglio, dated March
111, 1861.
Although the publication in question has, if lam not
mistaken, had no official character, it has, however, at-
tracted our attention, and it would be difficult for me to let
pass entirely in silence all the assertions contained in that
document.. . .

I shall not undertake to dismiss here Count Cavour's opi-
nions on the present condition of the countries now subject
to the Piedmontese rule. The character and effects of that
rule, the manifestations and events of all kinds that pre-
coded and followed the annexations, aro facts which belong
to the province of history. It is to history that it epper
Minato judge of their worth, and we would not encroach on
those rights. It will be enough for us for the moment to
re-nark what a striking contrast the bloody disorders and
repressions of which Southern Italy is every day the theatre
present to the brilliant colours of the picture drawn by
Count Cavour.

But what it is important that I should refer to here are
those passages of the despatch to the Marquis d'Ateglio
which relate to Venetia. We ought especially to give •
categorical denial to the assertion that no other 41)1411Th•
meat is possible in Venetia than that of a state of awe.
Although accustomed to see our adversaries employ the
arm of calumny against nu, we are yet astonished to God
what is so notonnusly Incorrect contained in an official
document. The state of siege, removed almost imme-
diately after the cessation ;.f hostilities in IMO, has
rot been since established at any point of our Italian
provinces.
As to the other reproaches directed against the Austrian
administration in Venetia, I can only refer to me previous
despatches on this 'abject. They have already long since
placed at your excellency's disposal materials sufficient to
enable you to correct the erroneous impressions that have
been spread among the public, and to cast back upon the

quarter to which it is due the responsibility fur a state of
thinp which places an obstacle to the complete realisation
of the generous intentions of the Emperor, our august
matter.

We will then dispense with enumerating once more all the
difficulties which have been raised against us from without,
all the provocative measmns of the committees which are
organised and carry on their operations under the eyes of the
Piedmontese government, in a word all the culpable ma.
nreuvres which are made use of to paralyse and render im.
possible all conciliatory action, to excite and keep up fer.
mentation among the peoples by representing them se
groaning under an intolerable yoke. If the Italian rntjecta
of the Emperor do not entirely profit by the benefits ac.
corded to the other parts of the empire, it must be awl.
bated to the effects of these perpetual instigations from
without.

We are surprised, moreover, that Count Cavour con.
times to affect such cousideratioa for the self-styled victims
of military rule, when the Piedmontese government does
not shrink from any of the severities of that rule, which its
gents apply so rigorously in Southern Italy. The echo of
the fusillades in the Abruzzi might, it seems to us, have
now drowned at Turin the cries of grief about which lately so
much noise was made.

But the last complaint that Count Cavoar brings
against us seems to me the strangest of all. If, to
make use of Count Cavan's own expressions, the
position which the treaty of Zurich had este.
bliahed between the government of the Emperor sod
that of King Victor Emmanuel is now sensibly modified- -if
that position is abnormal, difficult, and dangerous, whose
fault is it! If King Victor Emmanuel sigoed the prehmi.
aeries of Villafranca, and if even before those preliminaries
had had time to be converted into a definitive treaty of
peace the acts of Piedmont were in formal contradiction
with the stipulations which he had engaged to respect ; if,
lastly, in omiaequence of these very acts more than one
article of the treaty of Zurich, aocepted by Piedmont, has
remained a dead letter, on whom should fall the
in Count
of the consequences ?ifit is a wrong Count
Cavour's eyes to keep to oneself recognised and incontest-
able rights, if it is a wrong to have constantly given proof
of moderation and a austere love of peace while confining
oneself to opposing by reserves and protests the
most flagrant violations of right, then we must
admit that we are in fact guilty of wrongs from
which we cannot exculpate ourselves. It would take too
long to examine hero in detail all the actions of Piedmont,
and to compare the wrongs she has committed with those
she attributes to us. I shall content myself then with
adding that we can appeal without fear to the judgment of
every impartial mind, and risk confidently whether it is the
acts of Austria that, since the peace of Zurich, have stained
Italy with blood, and continually threatened the peace of
Europe.
Such, B. Is Comte, are the reflections I have thought it
my duty to communicate to you. I beg you to be good
enough to make use of them with Lord John Russell when
you have au opportunity of conversing with him on the
affairs of Italy. Corte Di EiCHBIJki.

CORRESPONDENCE RESPECTING THE CASE OP
THE FUGITIVE SLAVE ANDERSON.

This morning a series of despatches, &c., occu-
pying upwards of fifty peges, respecting the above cue,
were Maud. On the Bth of October, last year, Mr.
W. D. Irvine, her Majesty's charge d'affairea at
Washington, transmitted to the Foreign-offies • note
from General Cass, requesting her Majesty's govern.
meet to issue • warrant "to deliver up the
person of • man of colour named John Anderson, who
has been charged with the commission of murder in
the state of Missouri, and who has fled to Canada,
and has now been arrested and confined in the jail of
the town of Brantford." Our foreign minister at
once directed the necessary steps to be taken for
complying with this application, " should there be no
objection thereto." Before January in the pivotal
year the whole facts of the case had become loosen
through the legal proceedings at Toronto, and the Duke of
Newcastle sent immediate notice to the officer administer
ing the government of Canada, that the extradition could
only take place by a warrant under the hand and seal of the
governor, and that in any cue he was to abstain from
completing the extradition until her Majesty's government
bad had further opportunity of considering the qua-
non, and, "if aeceesary, conferring with the govern-
ment of the United States on the subject." The judgment,'
in the Court of Queen's Bench and in the Court of Common
Pleas at Toronto are printed entire. Respecting the writ of
habeas corpses issued by the Court of geen's Bench in Kw
land, the Duke of Newcastle write, to "the officer admaaw
tering the government of Camila" :—" The writ is sup-
posed to be directed to the sheriff or jailer in whose cos-
tody Anderson at present is, and it is, therefore, possible
that you may not be called upon to take any action
in the matter. But in the event of your being called upon
to do so, I think it advisable to instruct you that you are
at liberty to follow such advice as you may receive from
your law advisers after full consultation with them."
Lord Lyons, writing to Lord J. Russell from Washington
on the Bth ult., says, " When I despatched the requisition
for the surrender to Canada, I was out aware that John
Anderson had been a slave, or that there were any peculiar
circumstance, in the are. If, however, I had bees aware
of all the facts, I could not, of course, have done otherwise
than forward the requisition to be dealt with by the proper
authorities in Canada."

Meenwhilo the prisoner bad been liberated "on the
ground," writes Lieut.. General Sir W. Williams," of a tech-
nical informality in the earlier stages of the promos before
the committing magistrate."
The following despatch from Mr. Dallas, late American
minister in London, to a member of his own government, is
the only other document of general interest :
" Legation of the United States,
" London, January 16, 1861.
" Sir, —Since the acknowledgment made in my note of the
20th of December last, of No. 291, I have had the honour
to receive from the department the despatches numbered
rin, 293, 294, and 295. The claim made by the United
States upon the government of Canada fur the extradition
of one Anderson, • fugitive slave, charged with the
crime of murder, committed in Missouri, has awakened, as
of course, so much interest in this country, and has invoked
so much professional astuteness to defeat the operation of
the Xth Article of the Treaty of 1842, that I have thought
it expedient to place in the possession of the department
the annexed papers relating to that subject. It is sauna,
necessary for me to remark on the pungent and unmet.
pennieug hostility to social bondage which prevails
throughout this country; that, as it has already led to
giving by statute to the American slave who deserts his
ship • discriminating immunity over the freemen, so it
cannot be expected to shrink from another manifestation in
the interpretation of an international convention for the
mutual surrender of culprits. In truth, it may be end
generally, that in British opinion the .lotus of slavery inca.
pacitatee the individual for contract or crime. Yon Al
notice that Lord Chief Justice Cockburn, of the Queen's
I Beach, has with ' surprising celerity' allowed • writ of Artless
corpus, addressed to the jailer in Canada, to issue ; sod that
Anderson will, thereupon, be brought here, notwith-
standing the very full and deliberate decision of the
Colonial Court of Queen's Bench ordering him to
be delivered up. The learned judge appears to have
stated, among the reasons for his decision, that the
case 'affects the coustruction of • treaty which is
matter of imperial concern.' It may, perhaps, ho thought
expedient that on the argument of the question, the inter-
pretation given by our government should, in some form,
be distinctly communicated. I beg to add that, to avoid
deld the ample report of the shorthand writers is for-
war without having been lint copied in this legation.—
I have, &c. (Signed) G. M. DALLAS.
"Hon. S. J. Black, Seonotary of State."