The Express.
London, England, 1861-01-29 00:00:00

DR. RAMADOE ON ASTIIIIA AND DbIZAANI OP THE
If

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A MEDICAL Y on the CAUSIM
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10, Warwlek-hatt.

LITERATURE.

The Journal mod Corrapowience o WilPiani, Lord
Auckland. With a Preface and Introduction by
the Right Rev. the Bishop of Barn and Wells.
2 vols. Bentley.
Thu present Lord Auckland, who is also the
Bishop of Bath and Wells, has presented us with
some very interesting reading in this publication
of the private letters of his father, the first Lord
Auckland, who bore an important part in the
diplomatic and ministerial transactions of the time
of Mr. Pitt. He was not, indeed, one of the
commanding spirits of his age, nor a leader of its
political movements. By the safe mediocrity of
his genius and ambition he was qualified to hold
a respectable place in the second rank of party
warfare, or to be employed on staff service at
home, when not commissioned to perform special
bushiest abroad. His administrative diligence,
with the tact and discretion which he had exer-
cised in dealing with foreign courts, obtained for
Mr. William Eden the esteem and oonfitlence of
Mr. Pitt and of his colleagues in the earliest years of
their crusade against the French Revolution. A
peerage, with 80111 e more substantial tokens of
favour, and the office of postmaster-general after
his return from discharging several first-class em-
bassies rewarded his zeal. Yet Lord Auckland
was mainly instrumental in bringing about the
retirement of Mr. Pitt, on account of the King's
scruple to allow Catholic Emancipation, in 1801,
while for himself, he remained in office under Mr.
Addington, and afterwards, in Mr. Grenville's
cabinet, ho was President of the Board of Trade.
The judgment of his contemporaries, on this and
on sonic other occasions of his public life, censured
his conduct as a departure from the acknowledged
rules of personal and partisan fidelity amonpt
English political men. In the memoirs of Sir
James Harris, the first Earl of Malmeebury, and in
those of the Right Hon. George Rose, this un-
favourable view of Lord Auckland's behaviour is
plainly expressed. The two volumes of corre-
, spnadence which his sou, the Bishop, has hero
printed, contain no later date than the and of
December, 1793, and of course we can find
there no confirmation, nor any evidence for his
acquittal, of that charge of self-seeking intrigue
and dissembling inconsistency, which some writers,
imbued perhaps with the bitter passions of party
strife, have been inclined to bring against him.
It is quite evident that Mr. Eden, from first to last,
regarded his politicalcareer as a profession by which
he was to get on in the world. In 1772, by
the advice of his relative, Sir A. Weilderburn,
then Solicitor-General, and afterwards Lord
Loughborough, Mr. Eden relinquished his practice
at the bar to become M.P. for a pocket borough, and
Under-Secretary for the Home Department. He wrote
letters and pamphlets, besides taking his share in
debate, to support the Fox and North coalition
government. As a man of practical compromise
and conciliation his counsel was valued, and
his skill in matters of trade, finance and
currency, made him an useful member of
several different administrations. In 1778,
he was one of the Commissioners sent to
America for the negotiations of peace, but
wo regret to find in these volumes not a single do-
cument belonging to that most interesting affair.
For a few months also he held a subordinate post
in Ireland ' • and he helped to investigate the ques-
tion of what should be the relations between the
imperial government and the East India Company.
On this question he was opposed to Mr. Fox, and
thought au absolute military governor, dependent
only on the approval of the East India directors,
none capable of ruling that country than one train-
mellod by parliamentary control. The subjects,
however, that are mostly prominent in the letters
addressed to Mr. Eden by his political associates
for eight or ten year., during his reedience as
British minister in France, Spain, and Holland,
are even more nearly akin than this ques-
tion of Indian government, to the most recent
topics of controversy in our own day. It was the
peculiar merit of his agency in 1780, as envoy ex-
traonlinary to the unfortunate KingLouisXVl., to
have concluded a commercial treaty with our
French neighbours, which was liberally and wisely
designed by Mr. Pitt, as the treaty of last year
is intended by Mr. Gladstone, to efface from either
tariff the irritating marks of International hos-
tility, and to secure for us an abiding peace.by the
mutual benefits of an industrial intercourse on
equitable terms for both. Although, by the facti-
ous jealousy of some of our own politicians, as
well as by the ruinous confusion of the Frenchi
finances for some time previous to the great Revo-
lution, it was rendered a hopeless task to carry
such a treaty into effect, the work, so far as it lay
in Mr. Eden's hands, was actually completed, and
it remained a significant monument of the friendly
and humane disposition of English statesmen—a
consolation during the dreadful twenty years' war
that soon followed and a token of pacific promise
for the future. Yet it is remarkable that even at
the moment when the chief English manufacturers,
such as Wedgwood of Etruria and Bolton of Bir-
min_gham, were congratulating our plenipotentiary
at Versailles upon the successful termination of
labours very similar to those in which Mr. Cobden
and Lord Cowley have just been engaged, the un-
settled state of continental politics, the aggressive
attitude of Russia and of Austria, the risk of a
collision between France and Prussia, but
above all, the eternal emberramments of " the
Eastern Question," and the difficulty of preserving
Turkey from its apparent fate of inglutition by the
Imperial Colossus of the North, kept all the quid-
litOiCS and knowing people of London in a mood of
sceptical and sinister distrust, predicting each mo-
ment a sudden French attack upon our shores, and
accusing our ministers of negligence or complicity
with the treacherous foe. There is, indeed, no
folly or fallacy that is new under the sun. We
might extract a whole column of sagacious sentences
front the writings and debates of seventy or eighty
years ago, to serve equally well for such diatribes
as those with which the Tories and Mr. Herman
were pleased to divert themselves last session
against the frank and amicable demeanour of Lord
Palmerston's government with respect to France.
Then, too, as now, the great project of creatiug
those extensive docks and a naval arsenal at Cher-
bourg, which were inaugurated with a visit from
the King of France in June, 1786, while the tariff
negotiations were pending, was the bugbear of our
alarmist journals, and would, if the United Service
Club had then been in existence, have been the
hourly talk of gallant veterans denouncing the mer-
cantile vulgarity of Manchester as they lounged
under the porticoes of Pall-mall. Take the
following mention of it, in a letter from Mr. Eden
to Mr. Pitt, and then compare likewise the argu-
ments with which, in writing to Lord Carmarthen,
our Foreign Secretary, he anticipates various objec-
tions to their commercial treaty, with the discus-
sions of the last twelremonth. There is a curious
identity in the state of things.
His Most Christian Majesty goes to Cherbourg on the
Met.
Thu is a sudden resolution, taken on Sunday last. M. de '
Castries is very confident that a port may be made for the
ale reception of eighty ships of the line, and great expenses
are incurred and greater are proposed, but opinions differ so
much as to the success, that he thinks it prudent to have
the sanction of the King's personal coacurrenta.
Some of the best informed Freedmen, whom mum I
am afraid to mention iu a letter, talk of it to me as an its
childish project., and though BOON of them would held that
language if their opinions were the reverse, the canner la
which they express themselves gives an appearance of sta.
cerity. Jobs Ball, however, will rub his eyes upon the
opposite comet, and the subject of fortifying Plymouth sad
Poets oath will COMO again under discussion.
I am not sorry for this Cherbourg journey. The fanfe.
von mete of the royal carriages and the guards on the coast
opposite to our dockyard, will do us no hum ; nor could it
have been exhibited if it had been certain that the work in
question had not been a very important me. It will, how•
ever, draw our attention to the two paints which the
French caked= affect to think expedients-a Mate of

CALLA TO Tlll Bas—The underrate:aimed gen-
tlemen wan railed to the bar on Saturday : Middle
Temple--Henry Michael Dunphy, Esq., of 3, Dr. Johnson's-
buildings, Temple ; Thomas Henchman Buckerfield, Esq.,
of 10, Sonthamplon.ratildings ; George William Paul, Fah
of 4, Elm-court ; Alfred Richards, EN., of ;
and Thomas Hairy Goodwin Newton, Esq., 8.A., of 4,
Hare.court, and St. John's Coll , Cambridge. Inner
Temple—John Walter Tyra, Esq.; Them s Heihon Under-
woo•L Eaq.; Chula Wi li m Mactillop, Req. ; Henry Wil-
liam Franklyn, F•q., B.A. ; William Henry Mellor, Esq. ;
Thomas Grego, E•q. ; Felix Hargmve Hamel, Eaq. ; Henry
Brooks, ;John Barker Thonlme, F•q. ; Henry
Guild !!. Esq. ; and Joke Martineau, Esq., B.A. Gray'
Ins—BacUrd C. Bop's, req. ; Timothy O'Brien ("Feely,
Esq., LL.D. ; mid Jdran Boned fralanitmel Esq.
Isonwvirr or 1111 BLIND. —There Is at present
is this town (nays the Cernerran Herald) a Mind man of a
may ingenious tam of mind. Some time ago he made •
Welsh harp, but not being satisfied with his production he
soap employed his active mind, and has now completed one
Went will hear oumrarison with many produced by these
vim; have the advantage of sight. He is likewise very
fisSISIS, wads, about the streets with scarcely any berate.
sole shrimping on the mnd-banks at the mouth of
ghe hsrboer at all hours of the day and night, and does
app duties of his cottage without any aid or

LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 29, 1861.