The Express.
London, England, 1850-01-05 00:00:00

MR. BRIGHT ON IRISH POLICY,

GREAT MEETING AT MANCHESTER.
MANCHESTER, JAIL 4.
We had a large and crowded meeting -t the colt
Exchange. last evening, of the Irish residents of Renewer
who assembled for the purpose of voting and pr sen:ing st;
address to the honourable member for Manchester o.e. by
recent speech on the conditi n r t their country at the Free
Trade Hall. They had previously invited Mr. Brikht to be
preeent, and the honourable gentleman, though rei..c.ant te
understood to have yielded at length from the corAilerear
that the 70,000 or 80,000 people from the eater Mani L
Mar cheater, being a very large portion of bi 3 con'titnere,
bad a strong claim upon him. The chair was taken Ay We'.
B. T. BYAIIIMILW, and among the gentlemen prior nt 'pre
the Rev. Daniel Hearne Dr. Murphy, Dr. Eager, sod
M'Conorie of the Belfast Vindicator, Mr. %bon, and sh:
Prentice.
The CHAIRMAN having °posed the prowedirde b,
detailing, in an effrerive speech, the wrongs of Ireland. '
The Rev. DANIEL HEARNE moved an addriss to
Mr. Bright, appealing to him in the most flattering Urals fw
a " Description of Ireland "
Dr. MURPHY seconded the addree, and it wee supported
by Mr. M'CONORIE, and carried by acclamation.
A deputation was sent to request Mr. Bright tt e.t• ed.
and on that gentleman's appearance he was r. e. i v..tn•te
moot enthusiastic cheering. The address hailing beta :tad
and formally presented by the chairman,

Mr. BItIGLIT, M.P., came forward to address the row.
ing, and was remised with renewed and leng-conti,J .1
preuions of approbation. After a brief introclu—..,-
said :—To tell the li.eral f ict with regar 1 to Ir..
land, the soil of that country has been, fur two
three couturies pate, in the pouession or the en.
The present possessors of land are the sumesscu, 6i eh,
who w.re the possessors of it through c•.nqueet end thr•.;,lh
contheation—(loud cheers); and the laws of this e,•unu;

—ot the imperial legislature—and of yourlegisictare,
when it was u ,der the power or the corruption n soon_
the laws which have prevailed in Ireland from that urre
this have made it impets.ble for the Irish people to hi c
,te.
11C,VIVIBOTI of the soil of their own country. In foie,
in the possession of those who have nth sa riiy I,• • ,
regarded, if I may quote the very notorious egpressa•ci ,
very notorious individual—as ellen* in blood, in langueo
and in religion. (Cheers.) Now, we will not go ha ",
these bygone days 200 or 300 years ago, aid preteid that .
acts of those days can be reversed; but f do assert that
would have been possible ter the legislature to have
such precautions with regard to property in Ireland, me.
there woulo have been a complete amalgation of it.. ..,
nations long be:ore this ; and it you could not have mesa •
Irishmen a common faith, which is by no means .r
you might long ago have given them a common
the redemption of their common country. (Loud C,.E•
We find the people of Ireland in a cenuition at .5
idleness ; because the great raw material of ti.. it
try is placed without their reach. Discontent, of e
the consequence of this ; a constant s•• a of co
in many districts of the country ; ferniue f,: •
three yens in success:on ; and ruin hoe over:01.
deeds of thousand., ay, millions of the ,e.pu.,
ruin so intense acid .ate: dud, that it is arson ei,)
ing upwards, and eetng even into ranks at sot;
heretofore never dreamed that they could co..
tact with poverty and suffering. t 33 alp, I lo
the time when George 111. caine to the throne—.
years since—it was a common expression, when sp..
the catholics of Ireland, to term them the census,,.
It is to be found in numberlees official dov.inett•
the histories ci the period; and the spirit up ,n a).
term is framed—is the spirit upon which Ire awl
governed, more or less, until within a very
the time lam now speek'ng. I will irk your at• n:
for a short time, to that which I stated t nu,
to be the great, in my opinion, the chief obasecle to
provement in the social corthition of Irelend ; a •.
the monopoly of land. This is a paint upon
persons in this country feel very tenderly. I nod. •
territorial proprietors and aristocracy in this cos..
they are afraid that it principles of freedom with r
the land were applied in Ireland they m alit cpr.a .
long events this island ; aid I beiieve it woo:: • e
maul gain to the people of Great Britain, a: d 0
the proprietors of land themselves, if true e c sou..
ciples were applied to land precisely the some i•
other description of property in the C4.1135'.. •
Now, in Ireland, as many Irishmen here must be
the land is parcelled out 'into great proprietor,. ;,
might have a map drawn of Ireland abolish,:..
tractions of counties, bermies, parishes, and e : :
have it drawn merely distinguishing the este is .
would had that those estates spread over
large as parishes ordinarily are in this cousin—:
them as large as rrany parishes. The propriet•.:.
whole cc untry are few, the people who w.. 1,
land to cull are very many. The
land, under this system of monop .17, resul•s in • •.• :
a much less area of laud availaole for the wants ..t • .
Now, the facts or figures I glue I take prin..,
the report of the Laud Commission, pleat ied rs -
Devon, as the most recent authority, and r •
most to be relied upon. They anus tout .tr. to .
groat medic valuator, and the beat authority on
this moment, s eve that 3,735,000 acres of tan:
neglected, wtateli are ca, able of a high liar .• .
merit; and they state that these aerie, near y
lions, only yield upon an average a gross red:—
per acre, while they arc capable of being era
profitably pr.ducs to the amount of Si. per be;•
would ho an increase on the whole of from
twenty-two and a half miiliuns sterling per arr. .0
the report states that this result can be übLeir.•
without any permanent loss, but with a vir.
manent guts. Now, the whole enrage of
over 10 12111lidni and here you have acs-ritth of ti
lying wane that could be pr, firably improved. I
of mew a very large amount of waste I rot se:.
decided wouli not pay for drainage, But:so:lin?, or
bat then beyond this t'•e report states ttia:
millions of acres of land in Ireland now coin,.
millions are so badly cultivated, and in so bad
• that it would pay toe:pond Si. per acre in drainile .;
soiling. Now, 81. per men on sO millions el acre.,
• the enormous sum of 80 millions of pounds steritno. •
large we can scarcely form an accurate i .ea it :•.
within the last 30 years, it is said Great brizoto .r.:
Unbent abroad in loans to foreign gove rum.. te s •
11 like 130 millions sterling, a great portion w' Li.
I sent abroad fur some unworthy purposes; and a . r
don of which will never come tack again. How
130 millions might, and, in all probability r
expended in Ireland on the soil; in is cul•triti : .
employing of people in producing Loud ; in tee.. :a
peace, and concord, and happiness in that coci,trv,
of Ireland had beer. tree, for the free imp:.) co. •
capital which the tailed Kingdom could h.v.• vets,
(Cheers.) Now, I think 1, cal be tothing ne • t
Irishman hers to be told that the competition tar
Ireland is excessive; that it is a war to get Lo' i
land ; and that the subdivision of land is
In that report it states, that in one part of t
Donegal—and I don't think that is mi.:. w 7
some other parts—the land has been so infs ::e.
families are growing up, and one member to..
plot, another another, until it is brought down t
in one particular district, of as much as wag: .
"cow's grass;" and this further subdivided t •
foot," or the fourth of a '• cow's grass ;" and tr.
further subdivided, even to a " sow's toe," or tto
"cow's grass." Now, can asyndy conce.ve
likely to produce the state of things that no.: es.•
land, as that there should be a competition fur ...I:. I
as this—to divide it into the =Allen mere per .
in order to rear a few of the commonest q 0 •
toes, for the custenation of an almost poup, r :st •••
another result of this state of things, an 1a Fr
estate, is to be found la these awful egrsei.c
'elite:. you must so often have heerd. Tad rate::
Devon's commission gives us some very valu....•se
tion upon this point ; and I read it Iron the r,
I prefer to give you the 'meet words cat a c•anni••
sided over by a no`densan, himself the tornisol i•
one of the largest end most maznifieent eon,' I
and of the authenticity of its statements 1 tea:, •.•
be no doubt, for the* commission sat in to, ry
Ireland, in ninety different towns, and ex mot,.
1,103 witnesses. 'They state:
'• If a tenant is removed, even after repested
from land which be has neglected OT misused.'

'ot.U.•

upon as an injured man, and the decree too o . '
kr vengeance upon the landlord cr the agent, an
man who succeeds to the farm; and at times a `a'• •
rical prop:rtion of the neighbourhood leek with •,. •
upon 'he most atrocious acts of violence, and la ••:
the criminal, abet and encourage the crime. V.,••
perpetrated at noonday on a public highway ; ar.d * •
assassin coolly retiree, the people los k en and
horror at the bloody decd. Tne whole nature et
men appears, in such cave, to be changed, Ar.::
absorbing feeling as to the possession of land sinks •
and extinguishes the plainest principle, of human,'
And in another part they say :
•' The great majority of the outrages nvissi,',• •
tridents appear to have arisen from the ender•
peasantry to convert the possession of land ia:o
ble title.
Well, It is very easy to explain that. If they to.. •
vast tracts of country which are wholly unavall.r:e .
which they cannot obtain in the f.eo inerket si.:ler • •
buy, it is not to be wondered at that an igm,rau:
often an ignorant—and suffering pr•pulattun shoe: •• •
it is that •hese vast estates are in the hands of one ,••
that the great bulk of the population art wh,•ne 1.- •
partake of the advantages which flow fruit the !• "
of the land. It comet naturally from this state o.
the proprietors of the land in Ireland being fen.' 'I
Int, and very grossly neglect, all the duties o,
office, aid of their posiion as proprietors;
proved themselves to be a meet improvident
class. I am not saying that every proprietor t• •••
character, for there are some brilliant :seers. • ,
what I ray is true with respect to the ere •
the pr ,prietun of the soil in Ireland. (near. tosi
it this be in, we may natural y s aped that
' tivators, ground down by the tierce competition ta f :'
are trampled upon and tro den Minuet in the 11114:
is neither industry sor produchveners sufficient to ••
country in c.mfort, or to do anything tOWATtiII
Lion and accumulation of wealth. (Bear, hear' •
give you one or two cases which came under my
wheal was in Ireland. I visited, in the county of "
an estate of several thousand acres ; it was the Pr
of a nobleman nut long since deceased. I lo.'
the beat authority, that that nobleman had re; ••
that property 16,01101. a y car rectal, for th st
and that, during that period, with the escritwl

„, if. at sue time (I eek hem ussossim-asil
gone certain which). us pieties of that mot le•
ri,a either been expended In the diarist or inmelled
ay is the improvement of that greet estate.
.tone's (Henna
nee's thw of the hall deer, there wee • bog,
I or 1110 meek quite capable el reSsmaties; but me
11101 • peer—halt a minim Menne, nearly le
-tad ever bees espneded upon the ',mammalian of that
rr on the improvement of say parties of the Mae.
. is isno- her estate that 1 mold eseiatloa in thsensnlp
„.rice, of from 90,000 to 40,000 acres. It is le the
he'om this Devon tionimission that the easemies be.
, landlord and the tenant., with rupee* to NW
Te r been balanced and squared up slam the IMF
;,., I nay ham loam% but every armonaut Ia Hsi
hare lose ale been blokes. The Mows are vale,
e love ram are euonsoe. ; the estate is in a min!
a.lition for cultivation, askesph „maw Row
,ern 01 it Sr. equal to the but land fn 'reload;
rso may suppme, ball of the revenue el this MU%
.u.•, is devoured by the pompon who are 1.21=
k Hear. hear.) We come then._ to the
~1 this old system—that die landlords, he Ile
e.goar.d ; they are, to my /*rain
~,,,eeniae despised, and to a large West
0. (Cheers., Ihe suspicions that mist between thei
innprietors are such as make it impossible HIM
sh iuid he harmony and progress in that MOM
hear 1 The cul.ivators are p sor ; they are wield
•
the I.r• arum of recent eircumnanose, they an keying
tiers by every vie el, sad carrying with them whelp
a skill they have, and whatever smell property dm
cavil tram the wreck of their fortunes. Is feel,
trort of Ireland (mimes niw of Irishmen. (Hem,
And thy do not co abroad to found flourishing 801►
lap in amity with the parent country; hut, whims
,try set their feet on al brings aiil, there stand* a Min
use limn rankle' a (reline of hostility to this 00011,17,
ir.” and choirs.) Th-t which is true 11011 Isaa Imes
71) or 80 years at least, for it is mom reseed that
North hinwelt 'spewed his ranee of the ajar, whisk
an in Am ries had done to England ; few their
w and t eit haus:Pity amulet this country united, la the
leilepeitance. was the main caws of due first and
meets.. which the American forces achieved.
what are the ft,ol4iiti that have bees so often pews
ler the sire of Iceland ? Remedies which all ewes
~, er,ptae silo ar.• very muck afraid of the true
lies? IH. al, bear.) I inn with meta to Ireland wise
u,o ht this experseloo—o Weat we want in Ireland is
ispial." Now. I did net know muscly what they
If they meant that minims from this country
I be elven t' somebody in Ireland to put Ireland ti
I do sot th it it would have say good .ffeet
ill?: for millirem Ism this country have always been
t over to Ireland, became the landlords have always
burdening their estates. ad mortgaging them to tee
Jars of this country. From 1537 to 1147, ten rate, it
a parliament -re r.ture th it the Irish proprleturs
red louse n =Ulnas secrlina ; and that in the same
to., by tonnes... and anhaier, and settleirents of oie
and another, :OT various branches of their famine%
a 1.., hal a =Wise per annum. which, at 20 years'
tse. is equal to &anther principal sum of tea millions
den. (Shame.) 'lhu', in ten years, from 1937 to
lee increased the hardens lion' the liver y of Ire.
r,.0 lest a sun thin 24 mallets sterling. (Rm.
I believe teat ii.flas of e ipital did no goal to Iros
I sin much ihdeed if a single 100.0001 of that
ins bonnie; g went 'n improve the agriculture Of that
ry. (Hear, heir.) But I would just ask y u how do
e tp.trks srst copi•al f It is emit 170 )ems sinze
ire i a obtain. d a eharter, granting him the land
now lorlas 'be promisee of Prensylvania. It is 290
gam the pilgrim fathers, driven from this merry by
hem entice, found fe way to the New England
The, lands d • aloe, nut half so ferille IP the istsi.d
else; yet anat has built Boston end Eide-
s. ant ell the gr. at room and eines that new line the
ic mom of the Nor h American continent ? They
tree people; they had free institutions; they hal not
u.lalisin applied to the soil - (applasse)—politieslly,
jai &Ply, and monastically tbey have been fre ; and
nest an. &den& sievietion is that if Imam' had
indite the same isoditatinse Ireland would now have
d a vere el freest pirar.• to the world foss the* we
soteneplatiest at the resent monitor. (Cheers )
:r class of the imp, imp. of !relent recommend mei.
1. Half a million or her population are admitted to
I of fever an I care .tins dnriar the exisreate of the
famine. H .11 a entli-s Vlore probsb'y. in round
-es Pave tl . d t•-• shores of Inked, and are stow
to an *Mortice in this and ether metatrite, hot chiefly
,m riza. N .w. I ham +ravelled over min, comities
eland, sad I declare emphatically that the
.ry is a.,t pe)plisd up to the mark that is
rosary tore geed eultvation of the soil—(.esr, hear)—
that 'hose men who seek at the public expense to tr.'s,-
okinea to Am eta maw beset t the Irishmen who are
tariaterred, bet they by no means benefit Inland
sera.) If the lend of 'ream! was Ise, is it was capsble
uhdivision, if the people who hove capital there c
rage* load freely as they out purchase potatoes or corn,
Itosseleild straitens cr c stile, - my holiest o'nviciion is

tiliS IDOMIllin then is not population enou4h in the
Amhara districts of Intend fairly to cultivate the soil
`et e. own. (" Hear, hear," suet sheen.) Bat there
fan class, worse th .n all the rest. who say that this
'enmity is M'an's made of working out the pet-
el inland's reder.pt•on ! Well, I chin'e think •
r *Animal eaten upon earth than the man who cave
mien he be owe of too. mime ignorant men upon earth.
, bear.) it would be time enough to use eapree.
lke tk:s, or to admit the poseihlity of such
being true, when we, as individual., and whf•
anent had done all that could be pointed eat to be
I.e, s c se to pint the people a Magee of working for
ova tieing, u d woikint out their own polftieal and
reilemivion (" Sear, hey," and ('beer::.) Thcre are
wh think that mu naihating the people is • mode
leg Ireland to rights; that is they have the courage
re oat the people hem their estates. but they have not
trees to look in the face the sources of paup.riant, and
them up. They have been told that the over po;ini
of their properties is the gnat cause of their dm-
and trey thiM that the cpposin moat be true—thA
r make a desert oe their properties th.re will be,
int are now doing, an inexhaustible sins of
b in future. Then there is another elate,
proposes to repial the poor law ; and I see
there has been a tinting held at Temp!entore, in
county of Kerry, at which resalutioas have been passed
,one na those that wished • repeal cf the poor law.
e were paupers I. Ireland before the poor law, and they
kept out of the charity of the farming and peasant
Under the present law they came of course • heavy
often up..• the farmer; bet they cola, also
burden upon the landlord, which they did not W-
and the effect of that poor law, erievmsly as it is felt in
iistricts, will be, through a very rough hut necessary
to brie' the lancticr s of Ireland and the govern-
ed this country to look Cagily to the condition of tea-
sed honestly to set themselves to a remedy.
hear.) Now, I wish to set before you die-
and closely, and as briefly as I can, what I teliev•
Teti.] legialatuse ought to do for Ireand—(ll,tre
rend in thing so, I promise yule that I will counsel no
ter, to inlningemeat of any men's rights. I will amiss
lag that will, in any degree, break in upon those princi
political economy whine I believe to be essential to
notation of that country. After that speech to which
we referred in the address, a leading journal ebsereed.
I ha i offered to tell so much about Ireland, and bad
&featly elated that parliament could remedy the evils
land, that they would hold me to my contract, and
they expected I would not evade the responsibility which
undertaken. Now, I do not mean, in the slightest
to evade it. (Cheers) We have heard of statesmen
eiag their advice till they were called in. Now, I as
plain member of mrliament, the representative of this
gh, the representative of • great number of Irishmen—
, hear,—and feeling • strong interest in the condition
reload, I feel it to be my boaaden duty not to shrink
the public avowal of those principles which I believe to
entiai to the intprovmssent of the condition of Ire-

'Coast chl rine) It is not vary nay to go into a
explanatkm boas a platform like this of the legal
:ogee that are amomary to make land fro of puruhaao
sale in Ireland. But some thing, can be esaily laid
• ,you. AS peiteeat, yt is are swaill that, before a Mall
allowed, by his will, to tie up his landed property
.be poesession of certain parties, for a considerable number
years alter his death. He is deal and buried, and if he
snot a man of very muck cossequence or of great virtue,
N t.rolniluy forgotten ; and yet the blunders it may be,
crime,—for it is many a time both—which he mot-
-1 in his wd. or his settlement, go on for 20, or 30, or it
. be I+o, or 1(.0 years, binding up certain large proper-
r under circumstances very unfavourable to the public
tweet. Maar, hear.) Nilo, I should propose, with re-
to en..hr, that the law should not permit any mat to
a any Owl, d property beyond what are called t. lives
inA;" that a., whviver may be mentioned in the
teat the lot person mentioned to whom the property
tow, 'hood be the &lactate posseastr of the pro-
and that it should not be handed on by this will to
Ineu no: bora when the will is male. ("Hear, hear."
Leers.) The result of that would be that very soweli
.r7quent:: than at present property would come into
eras of an owner who hal the absolute disposal of it,
&Ault give it to anybody On ii-ITe it to 1111/bltly, Of PM
lie pleased. (Haar, hear.) It wont(' very much limit
lumber of what are sailed " life interests," that fa.
a men poommes an estate for hie litk, and his sow, er
prdy comes after him, so that he spends nothing upon
tag interested only in getting out of it what he can
ae his lifetime, and tartlets whether, after that,
Noes Pr ruin or not. That is one of the
'Res which parliament ought at once to ales;
ter to lay the foundation, to some extent, for kora-
A change in the conditions under which Lind h
Ireland. With respect to another class of estates,
sloth are left by persona who make no will at
tea had 30,000 acres of land, and died without will, if
tone Wren, the eldest son would take the whole of
.sad. If the father has mtde no proision for the
,1 Unitises, they may be beggars in the country,
of upon the elder brother ; or, as tee younger
tat Peorally an, or wish to be, dependent upon the
red the public taxes. (Hear, hear.) TI is, if we were
NO it, would appear a frightful injudiee. It
teat to the nine children that they should have nothing,
tat the one should hays all. It is a grow injuiLec to
lush, of the natio—a gross evil and injury to its Go-
od rt—that these vast estates should he handed doles,
urturattanale Met unfavourable to the tievelopoisfa
!I/Moat:Vs 01 the land and the profitable employment
munstry of the people who live upon it. (filear,l=l
""1 Prorate, alien, not that a law should be
rult him say man should leave his property, fur I had
I k fuss Las obtained property honestly, lie may Mays
etfe4esierever he ph too, when hie own time is over, mil
mom oseumarily part gram it. Wilk teapot to the

stamps_ epee ',Weasels, that is • pies* a Wads, whisk
agarhes aver yet sold maa abseil. If • man fa
• year la Mailed pesper.y, end shame le soma is
zee Ws sea, or sse-leelaw, grandssm, sr anybody elm,
far the sstamassit et that sear
im hat
Nil= you wove he take see ef yew boys and adman"
him
• lest-rata our ae as affront's', aad pay a his
UR 4001. w , yen would bare to pay sew
aseseat fat • same equal he that for the settlement of
this NM mama sf leaded property. (Hear, hese.)
Now I repose thet those "tamps use sales and trends,'
bo iheilsheel, or side of a nominal mount, sad
if then be • dedsiesta is the revenue, as there would be
from Ma, I ahead repos, that the stamps ea settlements
ahead he isvied, esti* a lad saes, but ad mixers, Masts
with the meow ed tbe property, thus making up foe die
dobiessay esaed by the abolition er the reduction of that
ably sump. sad amiss a a discouragement epos the
mist peak:tom system •11 •Staglauded property from
gemeration to system
eel it entirely out of the
market, and away from the a industry. (Hear, and
cheers) Let us look at the change which this system would
balm skeet. I have ace objection to have great landed pro-
perty held by sea of real property. If • man is worth half
• million of money, I have no objection that he should have
kali • million's weak of lead, and if he has 6004 let hi.
bays 600 f. worth of land. But lot it be free ; withdraw
fans it all the artificial ligatures and bandage' with which
it is kept in these large properties, to the Injury of the
poblie ; let land be free es hoisenold furniture is free.
Now I come to another question, which I vdak
is, Now,
"via more lawman% at the present mo-
ment than any other, and that is the project of
giving security to the tenant for the improvement • hick
as may make upon his farm. (Loud Cher-re.) Yoe
are aware, no doubt, that this has bee. prepaid over and
over spin. One of the meet estimable of Irishmen, who
represents the borough in which I live, Mr. Sharman Craw
ford—(abeam)—has over and over again, with a sagacity
and a peraeveranee which is greatly to tis credit, brought
this 'object before parliament. But more than that, Sir R.
Peel's government brought it before parliament ; and more
than that, the present government brought it before pasha-
amt. The has have been presented and laid upon the
table, read a first time, and thou host sight of till another ses-
sion. The procipla s almitted in the report of Lard Devon's
eoramboion to which I hove eluded. lily opinion
is that you cannot even begin to &be arb the pauperism of
Irelaad soul you give a security to the tenants now is omit-
patios of the soil. (Cheer,. I i at this moment every Irish
cultivator and farmer c ,uld be WI that every farthing he
horeaftes expended upon his land should net become the
I property of the law lord, but should remain his property,
you would had a new spirit infused into the whole of
this population ; I believe it would spread a universal joy
over Ire.and such as never has been le-own in our time.
But beside+ these economical remedies, there era 'tamers:here
to which I must refer. There ate political remedies Our ro-
pres.ntation in (steal Britain is bad enough, as we all know;
it is to a large extant a sham, as I have often said before ; but
it is an honest and a faithfid representation compared with
what exists in Ireland. (Hear, and cheer) I am rot
going taco minute statistics to show you the dame nee
between cue country and another, or between ens borough
and another in Ireland, :or lam not quite so Emilia . swot
this point of it as with the representation it Herand ;
one or two facts are sufficient. The auditor of e!ee.
tots—of men upon the register, is said not to exceed 70.0,10
or 80,000. But take ears anu don't &oppose fur a momeot
that all these are voters ; tor the ayston of r.gietration in
Ireland is such, thot the register gen r. Ily co:aunts at least
double the number of names 'het can Le brought to the poll.
There is net an annual rogistrrim there as here ; I vet tne
court is held periodic ally, an it a man registers in 18a0, on.
law from saute c ruse er other his same be struck out, Lis
registradot is good fur eight years. ii. cannot at any ume
when he comes to the poll Tote, unle me he can show tha,
he has the qu .liticatiou upon which he was registered. lie
may repeat, r, however, again, spy time durtog Pee fight years,
if his qualification should have changed in any way. Whew
I sacupon the parliamentary eomm.t.eis to tej the Dubbs
election, last 306•1011 but oce, I believe there were more than
twenty thousand Samos upon the righter for Dublin, sad
prooably tot more the. eight er uius thouund
who could be brought to the p. 11; and I believe now, that it
there west ;contra elms ioa in Ire lan.' rest weekond • emu at
is every county ami borough, and as ustielt money spent its
Haase counti,- aod borou,als in corropoug the voter,, or get-
ting them a the pull ia any way, as Lae ever been spent, I
believe is wouol not be pcaaitle f.r them to Minn 40.000
e.ectors Ose pII thronahout tue whole kierloin ot Ireland.
(Hear, and cheers.) !there is soother question that is
pansy politica ant part.y ercii.viastica—.oat Is, the quay
ties of th protestant established courch in lola:Lei.
(Loud eheets.) Now, wail penny' will say—Jon ant not
an impartial tribucal to judge of this inatt.r, as, pro-
bably, the protestasta in this mettles may be in a small
minority; but still, I Lyra no doubt you can thin:tire,
and you may be allowed to • :press your °poi an, it
you have it, that for a church to be established to Ireland
whose wool, no embers, and communicants, ar.d !remade,
form but as insignilitiant portion of the week population
et the coantry, and that tois church should hors something
like a sil.an p o annum of revenue, derived chiefly from
the la..d of Ireland—that it should have political pow.r
and political piivelegee—is not corodatent with • just and
equal le.bOaticea fur that put ef the United lido.
dem. (Cho. no If the aristocra-y o' the Ent ed
Kingdom hes heaped evils unnumbered upon 'reload,
why, I ask. should not the intelOgrot and virtuous
people of the United Kiupdow ark, toem an ample tomato
tiara? (Caters.) Ana when I *peak •u that goat per.)
throughout tide country, I would coy th it in all their Liu,-
glee, ha•soever they ma' undertake, whom-Aver they m..y
secomplasn' they cannot do • nub er or a better thing tha to
consecrate the !SUN of their a...vaucieg liberties by sloth:me
and fruitful labour for the regeneration of Inland. The
hoe. een•lonan r slimed his seat amidst deMening cheers,
having op-ken an hour and a half.
Mr. True DULTUX was than called to the chair, and
The Rev. DANIEL HEARNE proposed a vote of thanks
to Mr. E. T. Bra thaw tor Me courtesy in presiding over the
senior The rev. gentleman said be trusted that that was
not the last meeting of this kind that would teo held its
Hoglund. He hoped that in LUa4OO, Liverpool, Leeds, Ba-
minghom, in fact wh than ware masses of his coon
trymso congregated, that they would meet end do the same
thing which the Irishmen of Manchester bad dune that
evening. (Great applause.) Nay, he would have them go
eyes further. They should organise in England a league of
Irishmen, and lecturers should be ecgaged to urge woo the
people and tat rulers of this country, that it was for the
interest of England that justice should be done to Ireland.
(Applause.)
The r. solution was seconded, an I heartily responded to.
Mr. BRADSHAW having briefly acknowledged the Cara•
pliant, the oroceediage termaiasted.

PROTECTIONIST MEETINGS.

ESSEX.

A crowded meeting of Fines prottctioniats was held
yesterday at the Saracen's Head lan, Cliclmiford, *wing the
annual meeting of the Rise: Agricultural S cisty. The
raom was densely thronged, and much embus's: m was
evinced by the farmers present.
The chair wsa taken by Mr BAKER, of Writtle ; and on
the platform were Sir John Tyne, M.P., Major Bertstord,
X P., Mr. O. F. Young, Rev. llr.'Con, si-d a pretty strong
number o! Rot.: laadownen.

The CHAIRMAN opened the proceedings by ru:ing the
advertisement convening the mei tine, after which
Mr. BIDDELL, the secretary, read the following report :
"Your amimittee e, me before you on the present occasion
with mingled feelior of repret and pleasure. They have to
lament the universal depression which sot only weighs down
the agricultural interest but every other breach of British in-
dustry—fur experience leas fully justified the opinion which
your committee have always entertained of the mischiefs that
free trade must produce in this highly taxed country. Thee
experience, far mon convincing than vague and unwarranted
theory, has clearly shown that the arauwents used by the
advocates of free trade were not founded on sound principles,
and that their promise of advantage to the sgricultu ' nd
to the country at large were but a snare and a delusion.
Whether we refer to the owners and occupiers Glib. soil, er
the labourers who cultivate it, the tradesmen, the colonial or
the shipping interest, we find nothing but distress prevailing
at the present moment, and a eh-grounded alarm for the
future. A principal plea for disturbing the well-working
system of centuries was, that it would induce other nations
to follow our example, and adopt a system of generous Itei•
procity, but that example has only been met by the eh sire
evinced by foreign countries to take the ufinoat advantage
of our folly without even the semblance of a return. But
your committee will not take up your time by further enter-
ing into the arguments and facts which they have in num-
Stirlen publications, and on very many occasions, urged on
your Consideration: time has been to you a better instructor
and adviser than all our warnings. You deeply feel the
Ipressure of a measure originating in sellishnesa, or a reckless
ove of change, promoted by misrepresentation and eopbistry,
and perfected by ministerial treachery, happily till then
unknown in English history. Your committee now turn to
a more agreeable theme, the prospect of better days that is
opening to our view. The spirit of the nation le aroused,
and in every part of the country %holism's are coogrepting
to declare their wrongs, and to densond redress. In our
ranks we find numberless converts from amongst those
classes who at the commencement of the battle for protection
were cheated loco the belief that low prices and high taxa-
tion could conduce to the strength and prosperity of Great
Britain and her colonies. Recent elections hove shown the
altered feeling of the country, and we have no doubt that ii
her Msjesty were pleased to dissolve her parliament, the
people would return a majority of represents ives whe would
give to our native industry that lair protection which had so
long been the sure and tried supporter of Brit.in's greatness.
We, the agriculturists, have been special sufferers in the ge-
neral calamity—not only have we been betrayed and in-
jured, but we have bees despised and insulted. We have
repeatedly presented petitions to pirliament, which haveonly
received an obstsre notice in the columns of a newspaper as
having been laid on the table, and the statements of our
loses and oar injuries have only b 'en met by her Majesty's
ministers with sums or silence. So lightly have the
statements teen treated by the udaisters, that in her Ms-
lesty's speech from the throne on the opening of parliament
they did not introduce eves the aliehtest notice of the condi-
tion and the complaints of the agriculturists. What course,
then, E., mains for us to pursue but to join with the other
classesof British producen(to whom we have ever held out '
the hand of friendship) and throw ourselves at the foot of
the throne, setting forth the mallow, state to which free
trade bus reduced, and will multir seduce us, if its epees-
don be not speedily arrested. Let us dutifully but earnestly
address our gracious sovereign, and pray that she will grant
us that relief which is alike necessary for the safety and
glary of tier sovereigety mud the hoKiacas and prosperity of
her people. Be liras and united, auJ wo are confident that
you will be successful ; every man must pi: his shoulder to

the wheal, sad deep se is the rat, and heavy as is the lead,
you win 'ablate the waggon from the airs in
whisk esnoushmiamembsaati bbe friends have pleaded it.
Your eammicise vend with indignation the recent in-
solent mai amieneptesal aselemion of Mr. Cobden, " that
yea doll worm regain sa mash as • farthing's worth of pro-
bation." If nay ding were wanting to stimulate the pro.
teatieMbie M exeedem this daring defiance is sufficient to
egathe most peaceful and patient into action. The popli-
n( Great Britain and Ireland is twenty-seven minions,
of wbseia nearly eighteen millions are engaged in or da-
Enrem egrieulture ; the taxation, direct and local, paid
sWC amounts yearly to the sum of 14,000,0001. ; the
Eal sal stack invested in the land is of the value of
and its annul produce amounts to
'Without referring to any other of the in-
telligens mil& free trade is ruining, surely this statement of
the impresses of agriculture I. the empire, is sufficient to
sh.tw that it ought to be fairly protected agahug the unequal
and untaxed competition of Wedinent. And is it to he
borne that one daring man shall dictate to the aericulturista
of Britain, and tell them that his will shall be their law ?
When he and his Meads were enabled to carry their mea-
sure, they effected their object by armaments, the validity of
which scald only be tested by time, and they found dupes to
run the hszor.l of the die; but the bubble bas bunt—time
end experienoe, the correctors of error, have dispelled the
delusion, and Mr. Cobden will now find it useless to argue
&rebut the unanswerable argument of the breeches pocket.
Your committee have only farther to notice, that • union
has taken place of the London Society for the Pro- ,
nation of Agriculture and British Industry with the
Notional Atemention for the Protection of British
Indattry and Capital, and your committee have just received
from the former society a communication, is which it ia
stated " that all the privileges with retpett to represented en,
ic., which have been enjoyed by the local societies hitherto,
in connexion with the Society for the Protection of Agrieul.
thee and British Industry, have been secured to them in the
united body formed by the jure:ion of the two societies now
happily accomplished." Your eorsinittee wiel now cemclude
by expressing their most ardent hope and belief that at your
next &nand meeting they shall not bate to 'lsbell you to
exertion, but to congratulate you on the triumph of your
effort, to save your country and yourselves from ruin."
The CHAIRMAN then said he wished, previous to the
report being put, to address a few observations to the meet-
inc. He felt that the present was a most momentous crisis,
and that if prompt toeavuros were not taken universal dis-
tress must soon overtake every class dependent upon the
industry of the country. (Hear.) He held that if the
agriculturists were subject to certain taxes from which
their foreign competitors wen free, • protective duty
should be levied no the latter equivalent to that
taxation. (Cueen.) There were two points to be cansid. red
in legislating on this subject. First, they were to =sit'. r
bow the people were to be fed cheaply; but, secondly, the
legislature we s bound to preserve employment for the people..
It was of no use to the serving man if the loaf were cheap,
it at the same time his means of procuring it were annihilated.
Protection bed s xisted in nue skips or other for 200 year.,
sod the country had 11 meshed under it to an unexampled
extent. And it was • notorious fact that at the present
moment the Isbourers of this country were eating betty
bread than the ntblits of any other country. The feet was that
if that restoration Old not soon take place the tenantry of the
'matey would be speedily swamped. He (the chsirman)
was wry he coul4 not add that Sir Robert was one of vie
most liberal of landletd• (Laughter.) There was never a
greater tissue of blarney than his last letter to his tenahts,
which had call* 1 forth from them • spheral expression of
indignation. t Hen, !nor.) He offered, forsooth, to allow
his tenants to ex enti 20 per cent. of their last hal..yrot's
rent in improving the land, in order that, if unable to keep
they might leave i• in good order for their successors.
( Hear, hear.) Mr. Baker concluded by recommending a
oubscriptiun of a penny an sere to carry out the objects of
the ameciatiou.

Mr OSWALD COPELAND rive to move the Brit ',so-
lution. He slid that n.,tbin could he more deplorable than
tLe position ot the British farmer, but be was proud to say
that now, as ever, be relined to succumb to Lis enemies.
(Cheers.) Thoi had s:en wheat that yacir reach a minimum
price of less than 40s a quarter, sod he asked, was that a
remunerating price ? (N 3, no.) Farms were being throat,
up, labourers were unemployed and starving, and wages
were everywh•ra reduced. (Mtt, hear) Mow much
worse was the condition of Inland! Mr. Copelene,
?vended to read long extracts from various übli.
Calt3llll to show Cult the free-traders would be the worst
landlorda it thiy cuter ded in ousting the present
and concluded by eahoring them to act like flamilcar of
old, to succour their childten, to m.ke no truce with their
enemies, tor err to cease their efforts until they hid pro-
cured cAnplete re,titution of 'Om rights. (Loud cheers.)
He moved

" That the results of free trade in t' is vuntry, have
signally Lich •d the promises and refuted the arguments of
its advocates and promo. en, inasmuch as it has benefited
now but the un-rotlocing classes of her Majesty's subj•et.,
whilst it hag ir•flicted the most serious injury on fait •h
industry genet...loy, which has to bear an enurmett. weight
of national and I.wal Lthstion ; and w►ilst those burden. are
continually increamu., the means of bearing them are daily
diminishing, is c.divequence of the lightly taxel and cLeairly
"'reduced commodities of foreign countries being admitted
duty free into the British markets in most unequal and unju.t
cditspetition the British producer."
Mr. GLASCOCK seconded the resolution, which was
carried unanimously.
Mr. B. SMITH move cl the 'emit resolution :

_ .
That we do not ask protection irr the landowners and
weepier", and agricultural labourers of Great Britain alone,
but we desire it fur all the other branches of cur home and
colonial iitowdry, nor greatly depressed by the operation of
free trade. arid we ea. neatly desire also that the shipping in-
terest may be protected against the undue forei.n competi-
tion produced by the repeal of the navigation laws, under
which the British maritime power bad reached so proud a
position."
Rebid, be said, no doubt but that, as usual, these procei d.
in:is would be jeered by the Times, and that, on the other
hard, Mr. Cabuen would call them a setof old wcmer, who
nailed horseshoes over their d,ors to scare away the witches.
(Curers and laughter.) Bat neither jeers nor threats
would scare them troth their purpo e. (11.ar, bear.) Every
country which had tried free trade bad failed in am ripen
meet, or was returning to the old system. [Lad cries of
" Adjourn" here interrupted the spi alert, and the immense
crowds mad. it necessary to adj Ann to the laniard, which
was soon filled, and the proceedings were resumed.] Mr.
Smith continued : He felt convinced that all Mr. Conden's
predictions would soon be fulfilled as many of them hail been
fulfilled. Mr. Cobden abused then as " aaricuituril
noodles." lie Isiah, as will call Mr. Cobden &free trade hum-
bug, did not he feel that abuse was no argument.
Tacit motto should be perseverance. It had taken eleven
years to repeal the corn Lice., and it might take eleven
rears to restore them. (Uproar, strong ezpressions of dis-
sent, and cries of "We may go home then," Eleven
days," and similar ejaculations) Mr. Smith concluded by
moving the resolution

Mr. COTTON, (a director of the Bar kof England) in
seconding the resolution, said that the time bad come when
the results of free trade might be fairly and calmly con-
sidered. (Hear, hear.) lie was not so *beard as to oppose
freedom of any sort or of every sort, but tree trade was net
freedom for this country, it war freedom for the foreigner
from the burthens which his British competitor was obliged
to bear. lie trusted that the legislature would goon
do as they had often done before, change their opinions, and
restore legitimate protecion to the British farmer. (Loud
e nes.)
The rseolutinn was then put, end carried unanimously.
Mr. G. F. YOUNG then came forward, and was received
with loud cheers. Having thanked the meeting for the kind
reception accorded to him, he read the followir g resolution :
" That, being firmly convinced that nothing can save the
country from ruin, but the returning to a system of fair
protection for British industry and capital, and having
repeatedly, but in vain, petitioned both houses of parliament
to maintain or restote trait protecion, we now co. eider it a
duty to the country and to ourselver, to present a dutiful but
earnest address to the Sovereign, praying that her Most
Gracious Maj. sty will be pleased to exercise her royal prero-
gative, and dissolve the present parliament."
He said that, although oineuted with the shipowner,
he felt that the agricultural interest was by far the
meet important interest in the country. (Cheers.) He
' was now an Essex mw, having settled in the county, and
be trusted he should remain so for the rest of his life. To go
at or.ce to the root of the matter, he attributed all the grits-
anus which the country was at present suffering to the po-
litical economy professed by what was called the Manchester
school. In einmestio economy they would not merely con-
eider whine they could get their tea and sugar cheapest, but
would take into consideration their whole social relations,
and what war beet for their general austainment. Wu
political economy, then, to be reduced to a low level, to be-
come a mere science of wealth, as it the mere acquisition of
riches were to be the sole end and aim of mankind?
He, for one, repudiated so base and demoral-
ising a view of the question. (Hear.) He earnestly
cautioned his hearers from falling into the traps of specific
projects, with which they might be tempted by political
quacks of whatever description. (Loud cheers.) Let them
stand for a principle. and they might depend upon it they
would not have to wait 11 yean for its fulfilment. (Neer,
hear.) lie felt the most undoubted conviction that before
11 months had passed he should have the opportunity of
congratuleting them either there or on the holdings upon
the complete success of their agitation. Mr. Young nut
turned to Sir Rebut Peel's letter, which he designated ea a
most ingenious excuse for buttoning up the breeches pocket
At a time when the farmers found the utmost difficulty in
paying their rests, he proposed to them to deduct 20 per
cant. for their benefit in future years. He would consent to
buy them phosphates and loudness, and all the other
chemical appliances, but Le expected them to find the labour,
which every one present knew was the most expensive part
of the process. But then he would give no leases. C' Aye,
that's the question.") The right hon. baronet gave a
nominal abatement ; bat, suppose be should depart this life,
what security had they that his successor, seeing the land
improved, would not demand a little more rent ? (Loud
cries of "li-ar, hear.") The tight honourable baronet
was not, then, entitled to much credit. (Hear, hear.)
Having glanced at what he termed the perilous position
of our colonies, Mr. Young, in conclusion, conjured the far-
mers to treat the question as one of principle, not of gen,
and, with truth and justice for their motto, they might be
sure of ultimate success.

The Bon. and Rey. Mr. BERTIE seconded the resolu-
ties. which was unanimously agreed to.
Mr. TOWER moved the adoption of a petition w►ich was
precisely similar in lurm to that adopted in Reigate, and the
motion was seconded by Mr. Lucre: and agreed to.
The Rev. Mr. COX moved—
" That we consider it a duty as well as a high gratification,
to offer our grateful thanks to those members of the legis-
lature who firmly and consistently support the cause of pro-
tection; and we pledge ouraelvta in the event of a disadu-
lion of parliament, to give our undivided and energetic

s .-------
8 • ,a, or if. at ose t
• ~
1,.. 1,1111(1. certain e
•
II- pm. -' • 1.• , either bees
te say Way is the imp
eta o,„ a 0011..11 throw
rose so or lied meek qv
...het 1 kliktbk a pear-
..a-had ever butt
pear-
. ;. 1„,,.. m. on the Mimeo
el
Is .0.0, i. anceher vitae
ab 0 Li...r,el, of hoes 31
~,i levee Wore *is Ds
le l'''' re landlord an
is...mil • •
a i . ( ~ Ter been balsas
,1.,,,,,r,,, I they 111,
I 1,,,, have Inas ale h
Irs
a. h.. ei,r port ram are
In „ye rion.lition for call;
1:I.1%. 41. r..• rut it an
de
IL i,,,,i. se y,lll may steppe
or dt.reas ,u'e, is dew
aa.r. it. i Hear. hear
7 „al. .4 the. old sly.
la so. tut-, are Mogan
IN 1 ,:,,,, .31..4! vSiVITIS
detest. d.
.ICheers. i 1
K reggv!* W.@ proprietors
:sore should he ha*
de i WIT, hear 1 The col
Its I' liter the tip inureof r
id tee emery by every WC
fa., rut *ill the, have,
it-
I 'Dr eared WAWA the
me etron of Ireland
a- h. or ) And th•y done
b,,,,,..0 liee in amity w
W. ever they wt their feet
OW is whore bitty rankle)
t.• Ilear." sod cher *1
7.
ge err re 70 or 80 yet
th Lo.l North himelt •
7 Irishmen in Am- ries
v, r near? and t tie paaa
war of ittlependeece. e
to *amid sueersets whi
no go., what are the reii,
is lewd for the stare ot
ea of seen Ta,Pk.ke 'lto
a remedies' IHi al, he
s. mule egg nt this expel
to move sap Pal." Norf.
he meant. If they mean
it ehierld be even 1, sow
ratite. I do sot hrlievi
eft
al whatten ; for millions
we or" serer to Ireland.
1111 Nen burdening their e
I: oari..lirs of this emit
is in a parliament -re
1.) le- r;wed lower n miil
ad tee 'item by Pilaw*.
W-
Lind arid another, :n
re,
VI I' mil !Ins hhalfa milli
by ruii-h ire. 4s equal to i
or ~! ',aril's. (Shame.)
1.17 thee increserd th
-a I u.l.d MPal lees • sum
d- h..-.) 1 bAiovo Pitt i
bo law!. I d oils much
U. iroduaaus harrow' a w
ea r I‘l day. (Hear, hear
AO I ',.• r eir.trke or e.,
of IV . I'm Pet a obtained
eh rh now tones rho p
an e -sam the ,;kris
kat ee....tioas ten. tattoo. I
ast.: vi s They landed •>n
of er•lr er'..-`. yin rime;
ow d•-1.• it. ant all the se
eh ..t.: irate eiosot of the .
la- were a tree p-ople; tic,
is ts. I I u.!alits spelled
Ly an 1 r 41 wily, aud eat
tit my honest SA4 5.1,1111
i r liv• 1 under the sew it
to „tiled, d a very d frees
✓e
are ennteniplating a 1
De• A-. dhcr clad of the is
to re .. it. Half a milli(
-..e d 4or fever an 1
sly west famine. H .11
a.) e....nh-n. Pare ti.d t'
re• eing an fattener it:
15.
ea it Ana rice. N :Ir. I
iis- it Ireland, sad I
e,l c..i.intry is wt pail
OA r.ceeesary Pry s wood es
OD and that *ewe men lab
of fir I Taken* to Am, el
the so transferred, hat t
Ili 11.7; sera.) If the land
Lis of • uhdivisios, if the I
a; rt;r:Pase land freely a
.le. or liotamliald landtare
4111 that at this moment el
red mirk-allure] districts n
hat oil that e, awry. (" 11
he is soothe, class, wows,
at greet solemnity Is us a
al Went of Ireland's re
Mi. greater **Mimi ezhes
u 1• th-t. utiles, ha Mew i
le. (Hoer, hear.) It we
gni aims Um th:a, or
ich • Met being true, w
0 trventment had done
le‘ de•irahie, s . as to 'iv
I. y their oars Leine, at d
If- social rv-liraiivion ("
:I'D ethers wh i think that
sal of putf.rg Ireland to ri
te.., to 'revs out the people
t i. the klmaraihr to look in 1
th ; to dry Awn u T
131 *anon of their p
roper'
IO Vasa; atd %ter think
sus, it %Ley make a demo
uir ea mmy an mow
•vto wealth in fats,..
vso that proposes to re
tear the: loin has been
sad :ha county of Kerry,;
bog den...uncles then. then
nen There were paupers i•
per-
were kept out of the
that chases. Votler tee pre
IMO bard..bard..often up,a
the as a burden urn th
Dof !ore; and the effect of I
mil iome districts, will he,
the proems, to brims the 11
;cr it. meat of this country It
eery land, sad honestly
ifa (Hear, bear.) Now,
it of tact', and clearly, an
aim. the imperial loralatm
f of ttar)—and in dimg so
dem vi lee*, to intringanas
that nothing that will, an as
ens pits of political scones
sag, the restoration of that
rd • pa have reigned Al th
iser's that as I ha i offered ti
la h so corticiantly rimed th
'els of Ireland, that they e
rg so that they expected I we
Ire- I had undertaken. N
keel decree, to 'ambit. (C
dame not trivia' their &dries
Ws' bats plain 'amber of
Hat htrongh, the represents
net i, 114%r, hear,—aad feeli
,es of of 'reload, 1 Mel it to
Laid !mat the public avowal
nag, be areeteal to the in
awe laud. ifireat cheerios
minute explanation Is
Pre; changes that are nem
icer 0.
and i mid sale in Ireland.
e can Wore ,you. Al prom
dna, be I. allowed, by t
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pe out or tilt trunk s--for it is
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has If 4 rate had 50,000 set
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