The Express.
London, England, 1861-09-04 00:00:00

POLAND.

At Cracow, on the occasion of a funeral service
for therm who fell in the recent disturbances at
Wilna, an arbitrary intervention by the police took
place, mid the tradespeople were compelled to re-
open their shops.
Many persons were arrested.

At a late meeting of the Secieti Libre d'Emula-
Sion du Commerce et de l'lndustrio de la Seine Inferieure,
at Rouen, Dr. I)umesnil road • paper on the pernicious
habit of smoking tobacco, in the course of which lie ob-
served that the habit of smoking is spreading fearfully—moo
much so, that the tobacco-producing countries can searosly
supply the demand for that deleterious vegetable. He said
that even in America the cousumption is increasing
more rapidly than the production. England, which
doe not grow tobacco, consumes yearly 15,000,000
kilogrammes, and the consumption has increased one-
fourth within this last ten years. In Hamburg,
which numbers only a population of 150,000, there are
43,000 cigars consumed daily. The average annual con-
sumption iu Denmark is two kilogrammes a head for the
whole population. The consumption is still greater in
Holland. Them are 100,000 acres planted with tobacco in
Austria. The consumption of tobsooo throughout the
world in the year 1854 was 253,000,000 kilogrammes, being
nearly 9 ounces for each individual. Dr. Durnomil added,
that. calculating tobacco contain on an average 3 per cent.
of nicotine, it will appeir that there are 7.500,000 kilo-
gnomes of that poison annually consumed, a few drops of
which cause death.

A curious invoutiou for the use of the army has
just been experimented on at Paris. It consists of a
swimming belt on an entirely new principle. An inverted
truocsted cone made of thin metal, fitting closely about the
waist, is divided into a number of small impermeable
divisions. so that ie case of eccideut to one or more of these
the apparatns would still be effective ; the whole does not
weigh more than eight pounds. The experiment was made
by the ;louder of a swimming school en the Seine, and a
noecommissioned officer in the military establishment, and
was deemed perfectly satisfactory. The river was crossed
and recreates' by what is known to bathers as treading
water, cigars were lighted, and the action of using a musket
gone through. The swimmers then made an effort to lie
down on the river, and even to tyre over, but the apparatus
always brought them back to the vertical position.

The Jour:tie/ tie Constantinopte says : " The
Sultan a few days back deigned to visit the Cadine Effendi
of the Sultan Selina llf. This princess is upwards of ninety
years of age, and exceptional honours are paid her. Not-
withstanding her great age, she distinctly remembess
all the important events which have occurred in the
four reigns she has seen commenced and ended,
sad she declares that she shall die happy under the present
Sultan, because he will promote the glory of the empire.
His Majesty has also visited two other princesses, wires
of his illustrious father. These C.sdinee, on learning
tat the Sultan we, about to call on them,
bed cachemere shawls of great value spread on the
Boor, from the door of their palace to the saloon to
which his Majesty was to be conducted, such shawls
being destined, after be had walked over them, to be given
to the female servants of the harem. But the Sultan,
having been told of the preparations made, insisted that tbe
shawls should be removed; end the Outlines accordingly,
though greatly against their wish, received his Majesty with
a simplicity hitherto unexampled."