The Express.
London, England, 1861-01-30 00:00:00

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NRITANNIA.
TRU Imam THE PRINCK AND Tiff: OGRE. Messrs.
NU, Puny. Jean L.nle, RO.y, art Newham . 11.114. C. Stepluni.
Via I•.+sana. Mr. M. Craisfiw4. —And A MEmS %I: F. VltioU
VIZ 'ILA. Mews. Voyaokis ANA Amytkimon. Mrs. C Yartbuld.

Ulan VAT= AT LONDON lUUDOR.
TEN DAT—Mandy, a 4 M 5..... Mamas. Al MAL
TOOlSlCAP—liendego AA Ha.— Mimosa, MA Ulm.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JAN. SO.

Ile would have beet a bold prophet who had
ventured, even a year ago, to predict that the
necessity of the Austrian Empire for the security
and peace of Europe was about to die out of
the number of our prevailing political superstitions.
No demonstrations of the factitious composition of
the A ustrian State, and the impossibility of a political
unity consistent with freedom ; no exhibitions,
however striking, of the horrible means by
which the Imperial power was upheld, could avail
in the least to wean politicians of the school of
1815, from their wilful confidence in a system of
government which was a disgrace to Christendom.
In a candid moment it might be conceded that
the terrors of Spielberg or Josophstadt, of the
enforced enrolment for military service and of tho
stick, were not dignified expedients of govern-
ment ; but it was tacitly understood that if by
their employment the Est eMion could preserve his'
throne and keep up a large army, the world was
bound to feel much obliged to him, and overlook
the means in admiration of the end. If the
Austrian Government had proved as safe as it was
iniquitous, we should have been doomed still to
hear of its paternal wisdom and beneficence.
Nothing less than the insolvency of the Monarchy,
anarchy in the States, and the repeated defeat of
the Army, was required to convince the admirers
of paternal despotism that Austria was not a bul-
wark of Europe and a guarantee of its peace. Now
that the Ministerial journals at Vienna complain
that in the most important kingdom over which
the EmPLltua rules, justice is no longer dispensed,
since the imperial judicial authorities cannot act;
that articles of State monopoly are openly sold in
defiance of the laws, and that the direct taxes can-
not be collected, our public men, and the organs
they inspire, are compelled to regard the dissolution
of the Austrian Empire as by no means
impossible at an early date, and are
beginning to consider whether the calamity world
be so great after all. In quarters where we are
not accustomed to look for the expression of
extreme opinions, and where it is even still thought
a proof of wisdom to deride the patriot's faith, the
question is raised whether Eastern Europe would
not be u well guarded against Russia by warlike
Hungary with her crown lands, and the States which
her freedom and power would attract to her, as it
can over be by Austria, compelled as she has been,
and may be again, to throw herself on the kind

consideration of the Muscovite. Wu have not
raised this question, so full of import for the
cause of civilization in the East of Europe, nor
can we discuss it in any merely incidental con-
nexion. But it is something to see that a political
reconstruction of the countries on the Danube,
perhaps more important to the world's progress
than even the constitution of a Cuited Italy, is
making way among those who form opinion in
this country.
Austria has failed in her mission of civilizing
and consolidating the ruder peoples who own her
sway, and has distinguished herself by employing
them to disooursge, insult, and suppress the nobler
races whose moral and intellectual superiority en-
titled theui to ascendancy, and by whose help
alone she could expect to maintain her authority
at home and her consideration in the world.
The greatest of these, the Hungarians, have now
placed themselves towards the Government at
Vienna in an attitude which must soon bring the
affairs of the monarchy to a crisis. The address
of the General Assembly of Gran to the Emperor
FILAI4II‘ Jesaru is a document the like of which
his MAJcvvy has never rrn•ived before. The
is now in possession of a frank opinion
of his Government, tendered by those who are best
able to appreciate its results. " The wrongs done
" to the Hungarian nation," they affirm, "cry
" aloud to Heaven." They complain that,
deprived of the protection of their own
laws and their ancient constitution, they have
been harried by exacting foreigners levying exor-
bitant taxes. " What high prices have we not to
"pay for justice! At midnight the tools of an
" arbitrary power have entered the houses of our
" hest patriots, and in spite of the entreaties of
" their children have loaded them with chains,
" and removed them to some distant part of the
" empire, where they were placed under military
despotism."

As for their demands, they aro as explicit as
the statement of their grievances. They require
nothing less than a return to the laws of 1848, and
the ancient legal basis of the relation of
the people and the sovereign. The nation
cannot accept the Imperial diploma of October
the 20th as a substitute for the old foun-
dation of its rights. "By the Prag-
" mane Sanction, your 51s.inery is as much
" bound to uphold the constitutional rights, privi-
" loges, and independence of the Hungarian
" nation, as the nation is bound to be faithful to
" the Kira, and to recognise his hereditary
I" rights. The diploma, however, iolates several
" of the rights guaranteed to the nation, rights
" which King CHARLEY 111. (the Emperor
" CHARLES VI.), your 31.4.inerv's ancestor, swore
" for himself and his successors to uphold. Your
" MAJEsty insists on the payment of the taxes,
" but they, in virtue of the Pragmatic Sanction,
" must be granted by the Diet." And again,
" The Hungarian Constitution is • thousand
" years old, and a thousand years have the
" Hungarians had to do battle in its defence.
" Such a prolonged struggle and the continual
" violation of onr laws have made us distrustful."
Ilia 3111.1E4T Y is invited to speak openly, so that
there may be no doubt as to his intention, and to
avoid half nieasures, so that the Prince and his
people may be reconciled. This is the invitation,
we might say, the summons, of 15,000,000 out of
36,000,000 of his 51sJr.Ary's subjects. It is their
firm and respectful reply to the menace which,
in the expectation of foreign aid, he addressed to,