The Express.
London, England, 1861-09-20 00:00:00

LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEM HER 20, 1861,

No. 4,714.]

paIMs.SRB. MONEY WIGRAM and SONS' (of i/OND'S PERMANENT MARKINGINK.— L.ILNG ANI) TIIE ('OTTON TRADE.
the Wacky.ll-yank llan4me LINg d PACE rr tHIN ts "JP To avoid diaappolntreest rm. the sahalltatlon enunter
kijaiprs r. part nano% lareei (Sokoto f. It. le careful to a*k for the trenulne Bond's INlenattrad '
S. Duck. ‘ITI I.lliT. .4 ratline at, Ply- Tlarkior lak." and further to Jading...eh It, ohaerve, that no
.it'• the outultnc.. rio dipper ship 1 Rl' F. BRITON. 1.1.10 •improiny Ular la, Or him rl any lime been prepared by law. the
tipara..i II NAtt N Commander . Wont In the Illictstor anal Proprietor
tad India Pucka. loran nor of kleears. Money Ingram N.H. The genuine roil .Monist I:Lind's Permism of Marking
awl Nun .. le avant 1.-n..4 pr,kets, which c.irnpri.ses the Ssifitilk, I tik bran the address on the
Moors. 'trot. T.ek.hoe. Norfolk. Lincolnshire, and other fast,
Long Lan,, Weil Orin nineld.
imentrite. and saliva...a ddpi, hailtatal fated rapre.il) for the - _
lOSOorhaerf trod.. 4.. t..: rniso Ilet OCCOODONoLioII, 1.4' on clot ~'+
pa.a.so.n aft niourpniee.t, and abo will carry an experlenc. d
freight tae..ine apply to le'LY4 f,
=llllll,lia N, ith 31mArs. Unsay Wigraaa au,l z,oaa. 156.
Inadentiallotrect. -FY...N.:en by this as of packets aro cos-
avid free Paddlion;‘ Plymouth hatches foe asoosiollua
lsnl tad for thlrdalant gam

Yestenlay morning, Mr. Laing, the Finance
Minister of India, attended • meeting of the Manchester
4 *lumber of Commerce, the Cotton Supply Aoneiatios, and
the Muonhester Cotton Company, sonimoned for the pur-
pose of commanseeting to the hon. gentleman their mews
and wishes relative to the promotion 4 commerce with our
East Italian pooseasions, sad especially with regard to the
supply of cotton for the niseatactures of England.
The mounting took place at Manchester. in the Mayor's
parlour, at the Towsozall, and was presided over by Mr.
the Mayor of the city. Among the gentlemen
present were also :—Mr. BarleyY.P. ; Mr. Hadheld. P.;
Sir E. Armitage, Mr. Geroge Wilms, Mr. J. libuttleworth,
Mr. W. &Wood, Mr. H. Mason, Mr. J. Platt, Mr. J.Cheet.
ham, Mr. B. Nicholls, Mr. M. Roes, Mr. E. Ashworth, Mr.
T. Clegg, Mr. T. Mosley, Mr. M. Gladatoon, and many other
representative' of the three commercial bodies above.
named.

LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTINGby STEAM.—
J. emus sad NON e UMW in • superior style. on e.Ty
mailgrali Isms. every description of 1.011 II garl.lllli T
"Margit'. Owl sad eggprr plate , ngrai snd printing.
traria with largo etebousers.—J sad t
ooN, Iluniphers-
ruirfavals, slam irchiee printer", and 'tatters. Is, tlitibusii,
WU. &C. Mablished Pill Mocks, Balldwhisiatdelm

WEEKLY STEAM COMIEITNIOATION to
xr.o tong land.—TM LIVERPOOL. NEW TORK ao4
ruiLmpurmi MOP COMPANY Mod Rompaseldas
Yale
s fokilimmenpl traria OrNm Viourallprar. liwor.gral
L. ear* is•orsalals &raa as
Arnim' LIY Pt POl NSW YORK
1111 iiV NA•MINI:1111N, Modowday. espineber
Wrolnr..Lty. Orbiter L
I'ITY OP BA LTI Olt Oolosollay, October 9
Asd even, socceedlog Reassolay.
Cabin maw. U. It and shoos. asounllng to the seems.
asalsOor.. Ilarosol poormol lositellrtg all pt..vislools
soisaL homers Ss Our& sad the Wastarn stotva taar.l9,l
issassali 0.6 ta.ry Ms:Woman torms.—fur ItirthaT psrlicalan
oft, to WILLIAM IN MAN. 2R Waisr do-.t, 1.1‘..11.01; as I.
M ' sad MACRY. 81, Rift Wlllismastriet. City.

HAIR RESTORED, Preserved, and Beautified
by the ttee otOWLANDO MACAMAR OlL.—This
rant and fragrant Oil prevents halt from falling off or turnip;
pre strengthens weak hair, camases It from scurf and ibooleltf,
avid smoke. It beautifully soft, pilaide, and glossy. In the
ingsria of Whiskers. the heard. and Moustachloe. Ills unfailing
In fin elhanative operation Yor childreu It is especially recom.
mended, as forming the hails of a beautiful head of hair. lOUs
its Introdoetion Into the nursery of royalty, and the mimerous
testunoui.os constantly receive! of Its ellkacy, afford the best
atol surest proofs of Its rnerlta—Prlce lia. lid.. Ts., lOn ed.
egos' to four small , and lit. per bottle. Caution—Ask fee
Itowlsnds" bfaeassar Oa" Bold at 10, Mattonararden, and by
chemists awl perfumers.

COALS by Screw Stamen and Roßway.-
1111rin ILY Gael KIN( LAND amt. DEPOTS.
N.I MANAUltlts. SECILICTA RIMS sor mit:Nr4 xvrternt
LIA Sid VIA si pries ler Main aad larisidoe Wallowed. She
Se,‘ Isom Cords, &r c$ from Qs selllories by screw stemware.
is per too Ilsrilepool, Its; led
taws,: tu. sad Ids ; Was. els. sod
llsesidsp, ; Hartley, 174. —as{ Dells MSc 11CMDed,
SO me pert ef Lwriders. All orders direct to LICA fuel Co Met
No* Issas. Itallwapdlol.sum, Il buf, Isboitoo, of'

Li ACRE D DRAWING-ROOM MUSIC for
PIANO. rte., by W. H. CatWorr, ids.. The Holy Fandly,The
Adoration. and The lifoly Mount. each work consbdinn of throe
merles. hien, plates ado with an riquisite Ithistnition In .41
emelt amiss. pima duet. t . atvolopenlioeuts to each sei
for ante. efatr, and vietenrello, Is each part. The.• p..palor
works away he Ind emplete. each handsomely hound for pre
tatioatt sen-
la.

ADVANCER MADE, without delay, by
Catta Los teri ix% mil kleT COMPANY (Lhaltod WA.
'oder Mt of deeds, WW of sale, or other op•
repayal.e by easy lattahoeote. Depositors
awed pee swot. ou All Amounts shove Ala. Capital, Lltkuoo,
Is dins of £l5 amsl LS oath. Promotions hod forma soot boo
in 1.101101816

SAM rash an 4 Co.. Now Batlingtowatrret,
Italusaslsial, W., pubillisrs is lar mibrty.

Lerbasw JAMB 10111`. wearers nereddc

GOLD CH A INK—WATHERSTON and
nano Dinth g d can the Wootton or the puldis to the
PU, .1 IN% vvlrle wields they deliver eltb Gold Guard
Ashes pnernowd .8 their nettervirtory it • 4.
T. walimmolir p.ls= aloha, 64 lechee long .
T• 44, carat 4•14. weih*, es. dirt Ere. at
/3 a• •44. M•••••, 111411 prise

Todd
rpm thb mina. IatAIJTT. 11111011 T. sad VALUE •
the gold ory cretin...l. sad gu••■••••11, the purehaser Wither-
We awl Ilreppies 4.4,1 re Per • Yr ionsumenias.e. wOle work-
sianalup .e. 4. +M.I3 I. elarpd acesitlas lo Ike 1-triceel or
Mop&
•/ AT le
Rio rooN mod BROODY:N. OulliorNia—lharylkm4ory.
lkolietto 4reet. Omat-ordes. Lase" W.C.
1:101_ _

Army. Newl• Uf liuthee AM Jewellery for IL rack—N.B This
eeleakehrueul dues. Al is as the mums, and on riatekulayeulUue.
Mk MILES' (ALFRED WEBB MILES)
xsw Al' I I'll "I A?. D W I ?:TiltrfOC

. —.......
fur the world-used %Mk
ANOOLA Itis. TIVAIIIIII.
Is sow reolsee Weld.. M
Those Timms wore orlglosesd =blab. lbs.
Wilsocily oldsms hen 11.1100114r11121' Miff Kr-4Q CA K.
swil albs Is ass csasseled srle wry psors's Issiiissim &SW adver-
tising In lis ram
lIIMILIIIIRD lalt Infa&VAAY. 1311.

Crows Oro, with 21111Woodests. Tr. ed.,
-pLEMENTEI of F 4 /RTIFICAT lON, FIELD and
.1.4 PER M . . , for the Poe ittudenta, Civilian and
captain Mfrector of the Praetkal Military
CdUrge at Smil•ur) hte ~1 the trench Starr.
Loraine . Parker, sub, and Bourn, West %lewd.

Thin day. afteed LUtion, dray Sy%
CONSIDERATIONS on REPRESENTATIVE
GOVISNMIINT, lly JOHM Swan MILL
landos . Parker. Ann. anal BOUM We Strand.

Yoabcap octavo, with 4
lIIHE (IL!) COAL-PIT; ur, he Adventures of
A Richard B.othby in ararek al hi. Wiwi Way. by IL J.
MAT, author bwii* haid•Days."
Landow • Parker. hes. mad llama Wait Rindiii

nUNDMON of our IA ROE TOWNS.
Na Of/RN ILECHANDIL LRIDIL-The BUILDER. of MIS
DA Y. peke Q., contains:-Vino. View and ..f New ennb
Lied..--Vbe eueilitioe of flasellteld -Ina/retie Bulb!.
INts, Well-Bnikllnft by Naelilnery-Cost of Westminster Bridge
book .if Art-Art instrectnin-On Iron Coo.trotclon-The
South Pnvelancl flebt -The Chokes In /nine-11w Labour
Duntlon-Reconeetioan of Punlo-Ciews under )li.tropoliten
/bolding Art -nklyton Camk-Stained Glare -lburth
Nees-Provincial News-Onapetltions, A. -Detre, 1, York.
Week Covent saran ; and all Walmelleva

T 6; MAYOR having briefly introduced Mr. Laiog, and
directed attention to the objects of the conference,
Mr. Ross, vice-president of the Chamber of Commerce,
rose to present an address from the chamber, and was fol-
lowed by Mr. John Cheethani, who presented an addrees
from the Cotton Supply Association. Mr. John Platt, of
Oldham, presented an address from the Manchester Cotton
Cultivation Company. All these gentlemen addressed the
meeting at some length in refereece to India, their remarks
being mainly directed to the importance of improving the
internal means of communication in India, by the improve-
neat of common roads, the means of water carriage, and
the construction of rail...) a. They alts, called attention to
the still unsatisfactory state of the law in India with re-
ference to the land tenures. With regard to the supply of
cotton from India, Mr. (heetbam directed attention to the
importance of increasing the quality as well as the uantity, '
which was cf the utmost 'vaporise°. if our tlepeadwse ea
America was te beavoided, and this could only be done by
facilitating the settlement of Europeans, and altering the
Intel tenure of the country, so that Europeses could acquire
the fee simple.

Mr. FEW:USW:4 called attention to the prohibitory duties
at present levied upon cotton cloths at present exported to
India, which be calculated with the changed for freight,
insuraoce, he., amounted to a protection in favour of
aatives equal to 30 per nut. He knew this was a
delicate question in the financial difficulties besetting
the Indian government. He contended that the
people of this country ought nut to be taxed to this
extent for the eueport of a dependency. He
estimated the loss of British merchants, through the
measure of Mr. Ling 's predecessor, at • million and a half
sterling. There was a class of orders from native mer-
chants called " indenta," which he was told had fallen off
since the duty was raised to the extent of 75 per cent.
Mr. Laixi; (who wee warmly cheered on rising) returned
his moot sincere thanks for the kind manner in which be had
been personally referred to. As he thought nothing could
be in worse taste thee for a public men to have the appear-
ance of blowing bin own trumpet, and as, moreover, the
arduous task in which be was engeged was not yet fully
suomplished, he preferred, as speedily as might be, to pass
on to those more general topics on which he was expected
to address them. Of course, it would be borne io mind that
be was only ens member of • government sitting at Cal-
cutta, 10,000 miles distant, and ho could out, therefore, be
understood as committing the government, either at home
or is India, by anything he might say. He was placed
in the alternative of speaking with • great deal
of official reserve, or, if he spoke frankly, as
be should wish to do, and as he believed
would be most aceeptabbs— (clitoral—it must be taken
merely as an expresaioo of his own eoutinients, whatever
they might he worth. He most heartily agreed in what had
leen said of the great duties and responsibilities resting on
the government and people of Eugland with road to India.
He briefly, recounted the wonderful process of our domi-
nion in that country, till it had expanded from the Black
Hole of Calcutta into an empire bounded only by the
Himalaya and the ocean, and to the subsequent necessity
of suppressing the mutiny of that army of our own
creation, by means of which we had conquered India. That
ilonger was happily overcome, and there scented but one
obatacle left before the era of warfare in India should ter-
minate, and the era of peaceful progress begin in earnest.
That obstacle was the financial crisis. For years and yearns
deficit had gone on accumulating, until at last it be-
came a question, almost from month to month, whether
the government could continue to pay its way. This was
an obstacle to further improvement, and perhaps the main
mum why many of those useful reforms which had been
urged to-day had been suspended or hindered. When he
arrived ia India, hardly nine months ago, nothing could
wall he more gloomy than the financial prospect. In the
three preceding years, some 3$ millions had been added to
the national debt, and an official circular had just been
issued admittieg a deficit for the current year of over six
millions. Ilia very gravity of the danger, perhaps, proved
the mesas of eaMMeitimg the government from this- peel-
tion, because through it they were enabled to carry out
some very large measures of reduction, which were
sure to encounter much opposition and difficulty.
The French saying, " Aide toe, le Ciel t'aidera,"
was sever better exemplified than in this case.
The moinent the government applied themselves in earnest
to the work of reduction, the tide seemed to turn, and they
had a complete run of luck. The rains fell in the very
nick of time, so that the famine which had threatened to
he ao overwhelming was confined within limits that were
not very important financially, though of course it was pro-
ductive of much individual suffering. The price of opium
ran up to an unexpected height, and other sources of re-
venue turned out more productive than hail been satin.
pasted. The result was that in April he was enabled to
;ocelot a budget, in which the deficit (previously only re.
duced to about five millions by taking into account the
of income-tax, and the other new tales imposed by
grrklfilson) was met, and an additional expenditure of
500,000 f. on roads and communications was peovidel for, by,
in round numbers, about to 4 millions of reduction in ex-
penditure, and a million and shalt is theist inperceptible
additions to indirect taxation. It would indeed be ton
much to assume that all the estimates of the budget would
be completely realised, and that the financial crisis was com-
pletely at an end. In a "unity where many of the sources
of reveriee were so extremely speculative, like opium—where
such very important changes were being carried out—where,
above all, the system of budget and estimate wee com-
pletely sew, arid the financialmackinei7 bad to be made
to his band, so to speak, by a loam* minister who was him-
self new to the country said his work, it would be absurd
to say that there was not a wide margin of uncertainty.
At the sane time, be should mislead this meeting if he
did not state that he felt the greatest possible coufideace
that the crisis was so far surmounted as no longer to be
seriously formidable, or stand iu the way ol'other mem
sures of improvement. (Hear, hear.) It was mainly
with a view to realise his own estimates that he wsing
lack to India, at some menet of iocoovenience, perhaps,
for • short time.(Cheers.) He should not wish the meet-
ing to run away with the idea that all Indian estimates were
quite delusive, and that Indian finance was inapt in ini•
peastrable mystery. There was one simple test by which
we could always tell pretty certainly how they were going
on. This wee the state of the ash balances in India. As
they had no loans open, and every penny borrowed in
England was applied to the construction of railways, and
as lie did sot pretend to have discovered the philosopher's
stone, it stool to reason, if they spent at a greater
rata than they received, the balacce at their
banker's must run down, and rice rem!. Now,
since the reductions were commenced in eeriest at the;
beginning of the year, the cash balances is India had in-
creased by more than 3,000,000 f. He did uot mean that
there 11/1111 an actual surplus of three millions iu six mouths,
because temporary and exceptional circumstances would ac-
count fora good real of it; but he referred to the as proving
with cooriderable confidence that, at the whole, they could
Dot be far off from a substantial equilibrium. The greater
outlay on communications which was desired, soil the reduc-
tion of boiff on imports, all depended on financial improve-
ment. It wee in further economy and reductions we must
seek the means of meeting those neormary demands ; for he
thought we had nearly reached the bnait of taxation in lode.
He would mention as another reason for confidence that an
era 11 peace was beiug at last entered on. Until recently
there could not have been, one year with another, less than
from half a million to a million of armed men in India, or
men subsisting by the profession of arms. As things were
now arranged there would not be more than 120,000 to
150,000 natives holding arms in their bands, and whose
object is living was rapine and slaughter. Although be was
not an advocate of peace at any price, and thought the
volunteers bed • right impulse, be conceived this must tie-
ceesarily make in the course of • short time a great dif-
ference in lb, habits of the rising generation; and adding to
this the greet rise in wages and coosequeut increasing habit
of steely industry, it must tell in diminishing the tendency
to manufacture wars. The army of 75,011* Europeans was •
solid clement of strength in the face of which it seemed
utterly impossible there should be any serious attempt at
commotion, half that number having sufficed to put down •
mutes under every possible disadvantage. He entirely
In the bread principle that bad been lath down,
7Uate improved state of India which we all desired was
chiefly deptexteet on the infusion of European enterprise
and capital into that reentry. (Hear, hear.) In the first
place of course was wanted what might be called generally
good government. One thing which lay very much at the
root of the whole matter was, whether the government at
India should (-ermine* to be conducted in England or be
cooducted in ladle! As surely se we lost the United States
of America by attempting to govern them in England, and
nearly lost Canada he the same proms, and whilst we
turned Canada, Australia, and the Cap! of Good Hope into
loyal and promperogs colonise by simply letting the local
goveruunot be conducted in those colonies instead of
attempting to keep them in lauding-strings frown Downing-
street, so the like results would follow from like causal
ha India. ((Tyers.) He thought the measures recently
adopted in giving legieletive eouneila for the differewt press-
demises was • step in the right directioa. Aitheugh there
might he a serteis sesesat al dieesesios is a owastry like

Ind. ia, on the whole there was more to be pined by it than
would be lost. Therefore the amount of free institutions
I we had in ledia, with a free press, liberty of discussioo,
and theme local council* as an authorised expression of
public opinion, if we left India a good deal to itself aid did
not attempt le govern it too much in detail from this
country, he saw reason to hope we should make things light,
and that habits of self-government would gradually spring ep.
As to the proposed spr,si6e meaning fur the extension of
' commerce, be agreed in the °Melee that the question of
communications was at the root of the whole matter. The
railways would not only be important politically, because
though water carriage might be • cheaper mode of transport
for cottoo and bulky commodities, yet it was equally true
that, in many cases, there was no water carriage %yuletide
and, in still more cases, the railroad, if it was not the rout;
for muting down to the sea, must be the route for Europese.
to go up to look after the growth of cotton in the interior.
' He did not think there was much to be said spinet
the Indian government on the score of railways at
I present, though it was perfectly true that • good f
may years ago the East India Company did discourage their 1
formation. It was rather a question, perhaps, whether too
much had not been done, or whether it had not been done
too expensively. Under the guarantee system perhaps
good deal had been wasted. However, in two years from
this time we should have a very complete system of railway
' communication throughout India. Water communications
were in many respects preferable c but most Indian streams
were not so much rivers as gigantic mountain Lerman,
which in the dry season were reduced to mere threads of
water, winding in devious and impracticable channels. The
11108 i promising, no doubt, copthe Godavery. He ma
sanguinethat something might be done there to enable
native boats and barges with a supply of cotton to get
down ; but whether the river would be rendered navigable
for steamers going up, depended on the engineers, not upon
the government. The Indian government were fully sera.
' gible of the importance of communicatious of that sort. Be-
fore dispatches reached them from home, they had provided
' in the last. budget for the outlay on the Godavery, on all
those portions which had been surveyed and reduced to any-
thing like a definite estimate ; and although the finaacial
man was not absolutely surmounted, something like
500,000/. more bad been devoted this year than last to that
and similar works, consisting mainly of made and
communications in the cotton districts. He believed
the greatest outlay that could now be made pro-
fit•bly was in common reeds, so as to enable the
bullock-cart, the universal conveyance of India,
to carry produce as cheaply se pumible, either to the
nearest railway station, or to the nearest shipping post;
and it was vary much with a view to accelerating the con-
struction of these works that be bad been anxious to intro-
duce the system of local budgets, by which different localities
might supplement the government grants by local rates or
taxation. The question of tenure of lead, and the quo&
lion of law of contracts, were of about equal importance, or
perhaps the latter was the more important relative to the
unrnediate supply of cotton. The question of getting cotton
next year, a good deal depended on European capitalists
being in a position to make advances to the native growers.
It was for the true beeelit of the natives themselves that
the law of contracts should be stringent. (Hear, hear.)
The chief difficulty in getting speedy results in India from
a fee dimple tenure by Europeans was the distance of the
waste lands from the population. Ceylon and the Mauritius
were more favourably situated in this respect for the supply
of coolies. Wherever there were efforts of enterprising
Europeans in India, it was the desire as well's the duty of
the government to encourage them. In the Bengal presi-
dency • great deal had been already effected, am to the laud
settlement ; but they could not pass exceptional or special
laws inconsistent with equal rights, and justice to the natives.
After some further observations Mr. Laing sat down amid
kaid applause.
A vote of thanks wee given to the hon. gentleman, on
the motion of Mr. Bann, Lk%