The Express.
London, England, 1850-08-28 00:00:00

VIENNA.

One of the bankers of Vanna, M. Goldstein, has
just died, leaving to his only daughter a fortune of 10
millions of francs.

VIENNA, At ouvr 24. Five per C-nt. Metallignes, 96i ;
Foar•and•a-Ball per Crnt., 841 ; Bank Shares, 1164 ; Ex-
change on London, 11.32.

THE CONGRESS AT FRANKFORT.

CONCLUSION OF THE SITTING OF THE 23a0.

[EOM( 0111 OWN COURISPONDENT).

Dr. HITCHCOCK, President of Arnenham College,
United States, wished to call attention to one Nita.
He was conversant with many military officers, and he found
they did not feel a personal responsibility in the matter of
war. but telieved themselves to be the machines of state au-
thority. He must say, that Men were bound to yield much
for the support of good order and government; but how far
had a government a right tie ask Lien to go and destroy men ?
The Rev. E. B. HALL, of Code Island, America, said he
would attempt to avoid what others had slid, and present a
simple and • pare Christian argument. He trusted they
came together not only u brothers, but a. Christians, sail all
acknowledged one great muter. The appeal must ulti-
mately be made to Christi►nity. The resolution went to the
first of all questions about peace,—namely, were arms neces-
sary—was tt practicable to do without them ? Governments
were men, were the creatures of God, and yet to soy that
man could not go on without l loodshed was to pr.tkot the
darkest and moat gloomy problem which ever horrified hu-
manity. (Applause.) Let but Christian men declare that they
are Christians, and must not and dare not tight, and there
would be an end to all war.

Mr. COBDEN next ascended the tribune, and was greatly
cheered. lie said—The questions % hich we have met to
discuss are not one but several. We have been talking of
war, we are now talking of peace—that is, what the world
insists upon calling peace. I call it not peace, but an armed
truce. (Hear, hear.) I am not sure that our enormous
standieg armaments in time of peace are not a greater retlec-
tion and disgrace to humanity than even a state of war, for
in a state of war there is this excuse that a man he. wound
himself up to a state of moral madness, into a state of furious
passion, which offers some fetus* if he makes a brute of him-
self, if he resorts to brutal means to gain his end. (Applause.)
But that human beings, with peace upon their lira, should be
continually fortifying and increasing their armaments,
argues that they have such an opinion of their fellow men
as to suppose th►t the whole civilized world has little con-
fidence in each other, and have given themselves over to
injustice and wrong. (Cheers.) I say that this latter state
of things is more to our dishonour than a state of war itself.
War is necessarily self destructive,—it wears itself out, but
where is this armed peace to end ? (Hear, hear, and loud
cheer.) It is a false struggle to maintain civilisation. It
is as dangerous to the very existence of a government as it is
to the liberty of a people. Why we are worse than the Red
Indiana. I see before me a gentleman representing the
Indien tribes of America. (Great cheering.) We have
black men here, and red men, and white men, and we are
thus, I think, in a fair way of seeing our principles prevail
among all races of men. But the fr:en.l who comes ►ere
from America, you will have the opportunity of listen-
ing to by and bye, and of learning by his talents and

accompliahments how capable that interesting but injured
race is of taking a tart in the intelligent movements of civi-
lised men. It will inspire you with hope for the future for
the aborigines of America, and fill you with sentiments of
shame for the wrongs inflicted upon people. (Cheep.) But
what is the custom of the Red Indians of Amities ? Why,
when they make peace, they bury the hatchet—(great
cheering)—and it is dug up again only when war begins.
But what had he (the Indian chieftain) seen in Eng.
land ? He had paid • visit to the arsenal at Woolwicb, and
there, in a time of peace, he had seen all the resources of
the moat inveterate war—yes, in the thirty-fifth year of
pease, the implements and machinery of the most destructive
carnage. I say, then, so far as these permanent standing
armaments are concerned we present ourselves before the
world as greater savages than even the North American
Indian tribe,. (Load cheers.) When I cams hers I had
prepared myself with some statistics, showing the vast amount
of expenditure incurred for these armaments, the number
of men engaged in these armaments, and their great re-
alizes* ; bat I have had put into my hand • letter addressed
to the members of this congress, about these mat-
ters, from an authority of the highest character, no other
than Baron von Baden, the most eminent statistician of Ger-
many—not a letter of adhesion to this congress—for he dots
not think we are sufficiently practical to gain our ends-- but
• letter very full of figures. We have him here
among as as an auditor—(loud cheers)—and here
is his latter (presenting it), and I find it is such • perfect
one that he takes my own figures out of my hand. (Laugh.
ter.) Now, he says that the number of men employed for
▪ tiry purposes, both by land and see, in Europe at this
moment is no km than four millions. The population of
Europe, he calculates, is 267,000,000, of which 129,120,000
are sales. Of this number he calculated those between 20
and 33 pun of ego, and taking away those who were unfit
for mercies, one-half of the remainder, the flower of the
people, are engaged in warlike purposes, Now, he neat
says that the average value of • year's labour may be taken
at 91., and thus by taking away four millions of men from
their ordinary occupation, the loss of product would be
36,000,0001. sterling. To this he adds certain amounts paid
in connexion with the same loss, making • total of
117,160,0001., or nearly one•third the amount of all the
budgets of the European governments. The upraise of
war daring the last 30 years have been 243,300„0001., and
with one-third of this sum might be constructed all the
railways which are now in these countries. (Cheers.) Now,
it is sometimes aaked of the ma of peace, " What fa the

use of year aseembling at Frsnkfor', or Paris, or No,
eals?" Why, we assemble, In order that we may do hae-
• watchman does at night, when aeytbing goes we new
sound the tocsin, and awaken the sleepers. (C,,eeee:)-*A.A.-'•
If we have done nothing more than to elicit Wan hotelsea.
Reden this valuable letter, I for one shall he at
satisfied. (Loud cheers.) I think he hns ve mud',
rteeyy
tented the costs of these armaments, end he hasry a
rt acs,
ter
lis; value of a man's labour, on the average, at 91. pa
ea this I think is v. ry much under-stated. (Hear, heyar.) Tie-e costs to governments are also very much uodei.tited ; but I
would rather ass these sums put down under *la ever the
teal facts; and besides, I would rather have the 00,,in ou
who is rota member of the Congress, than of any who is in it.
But though B iron von Reden does not join us, i, eoed,ittes
his latter by admonishing the governments of humps en•
corning the very groat danger in which the war intern lose
placed them—danger, let me ray, not trimly of that the,
recur which might at first be 'append, as if it came from
bloodshed. No, it is financial drum. (Hear) We hive
ourselves in England been continually increasing •er teem.
merits sines 11141. I had the honour of en im.erei,
with
' tml.ee.eamtitranttinettsetryinttectan,
intoswuhingomlthealltud,eir,,cancithB2.l 1;i:142
of Europe have added sure than ever to their
blishmente. He sprees with me in my own eideulati.e, that
Europe has 600,000 more armed m•n than at the net
war, than during the time that Napoleon w-. 1 at the
highest point of his military renown, (Some.
The government must be mocking us. (Laud (in- • ) And
what have diplomatists been doing It n just ft th,t
begin to lose my temper. When I think of the ,ay pm
these diplomatis:s have been preseLing amity a .1 vac,
and doing this with the most solemn invocatin,
with the solemnest oath which can be uttered, I...henu4
of the Holy Trinity," and at the same re ,ment o! %tee .4.4,41
on to raise new fortifications and multiply mi i pis/n—
-.
I say, when I think of Ilan my patients ew. them
(Applause.) We meet in this place—we have cad.
this great compass, to show the diplomatists and she
meets of Europe the meets of this state of et. ..s
They laugh at us as if we were impractica! le alt
lour plans, they taunt us with hie'," ovieal
principle." But we point to those t, ao4
say :—" It is for you, gentlemen, to G..
or if you do not, to make way for other,. " !LA
then.) Now the argument of thee weuld-he ;r1c.:r..4
men is, " We cannot diminish one armaments, becaise otter
netioce don't." Well, would not diplamacy le•la
if it would exert itself with all governments to a !It to
mutual disarmament—to come together ao.I s.y,
both augmenting our fortresses, we are mutually it•. 2
to
our burdens, we are increasir g the financial ditfic... at.;
troubles dell our states ; would it not be wiser, a t s •ime,
to agree to a pro rata r.duction?" (Cheer) I ,CI
this common reasc—neither impolitic nor Vtopi n 1
satisfy the mat inveterate red.tapist in the w.ald ti., is tee
been done, and mq be done again. We have a .n4l of
this kind in existence between England an, t‘
States. After 1415, England and the Uci
entered into a compact, by which to h p.r..e
consented to reduce the number of armed
country should respectively keep on the lakes wide!: •rpara'o
Canada from America. It was carried out, owl
Erie only one vessel of each nation was lest, sedan :as/ on
Lake Ontario, and another on I...tie Mtilaii..r.; .ao tow
mark the result. Instead of these g oarsman s
new armaments, so as to violate this mutual air fuser.;
disarm, from the moment the treaty was signed, .: j. a' .y
seemed to have tied. (Cheers.) And, after 50... ;,
quiry into the matter, I have been unable to 1..4 .e.r.?..r.4
canoe left on these lakes which divide the two C W. -•
an old useless vend belonging to our own •-
(Laughter.) The fen is, from the moment you v. •. s • :...7
of this kin 1, from that moment virtual dissrmsmi •

I want to k:ow why almetbirg lib. th:s r.,t 3
attempted Ly tho dipl matista of E, 1/41,n
thorn try. I hay. again and ma. 4 I
them try, and I will forgive them if y
apt tuct.ead." Yos, let them try, an' I w,p
pay them a* handsomely for their servlcee as t, . •
pl/4 id (Isugh•er)—and if they do not mcceed 1 • • r
say a word to their diecred t. (L'm 1 esacera. t 1 n..
generous sod liberal treatment, B•cau.e :hey w • •
we are troubled with mutual tudounew and •-e ar ,

by taxation, and thmtenei with I..irkrur r. ••
cha• ge of givrrnments, with the trfsh•r; u; 9 • .• .
friend of mine in Pan., Baatiat, a Frenchmr•
influence and of considerable information, ar.ri •,;.•
Bence from this eongrem is to be regretted, has ;ipt r.••
a letter, and in this letter he use an expres•irn ••r.. - I ••.,.
not quote without giving the autUority. He s F , • .13
-are war c.1'..1 as much for his digerviru as f '
Laug..ttr Bat we are told in err:Ain „ rr.:f
that the es orrcous amount of money L.... oe • )
keep up armaments is paid, not foe pr.• .•
country from foreign lanai& n, but to preserve . • .
rity.. What, then, is the mtanirgdihose rarer •

m- . .
wgich mil at,out tie seas of Europe ? (Rear, Lt nr . .:.
land expends from six to seven saillions on these :1 i., .. 1
France forty•five millions of fumes ; sod tel., ti .
that system which createsmutual distrust r.n ;
nations, and for that reason ought we t, i : ...- -1

d diplomatists to ut them au e. And if the p•
that diplomatists wi:l not do so, then lc: the :e
their own diplomatists. (Cheers.) But,
' .

trrnal tranquillity, I am mats thit we touch up , •
delicate ground, as we ars told of the necessity -f. :r• . ;
the liveeand the property of a community. lam g !,
ever, that the question has bona introe.uced, H. .7s
bound to see thatour views ars well understood. I`,

.....
there is not one of the pace party, not even a¢ ,r
members of the Swiety of lends, who would lean ..•• 1
property at the mercy of any infatuated scoundrel or
guard who should come and ride himself free wi 1. •
We avow that we have no suti in•eaticn, and. Ito,. -1
su:'•• so avowal, :et no one t;:e upon hims.lt t:

•
that we i ave El wah to otahltotet tt.a.quir.ty
Now CJIII.II the question, " What sort of a g emcee:,
that be where you require one hundred tboutar :
preterve the peace." Can it lut long ? (Cte. ra !

rit%
t.r?

agree with that eloquent gentleman who has spoa.::t-
lately that the people can have no liberty where t'eee •
mudi military power. (Cheers.) Yes, I em
hear an eutloritv so high as that of M. Girardia, vr,.h t:
treedom of speech which so becomes him, declare that
cannot prevail where there is half a
of armed men. (Immense applause, rep:a:ed main
and again ) Kew I wish to draw the att. .1 •
people of Lng!an 3, as far as I have the privi:ege of epea:a.r4.
t them, to this (act, that you cannot have freedom se.'
sell government unless you have also a spirit a
(cheers) —and tranqa.,lity pervading all classes. I -n•:
come h re to :latter the people, no more than to :••
veraments and princes. The people have been re. ::.:•
tered than either governments and princes—t: eir, s
end very tuned to their injury I tell the 7caple :ha:
want to d,) away with armies tb. y must ilss:be the •:
of order—i cheers)—for if they have not this ;la tie, lad
into contusion, they are too apt to t,Lerew tta
weapons of despatic power—(loud eheers,—an I ta :at
short the liberty of those who disagree with. t.nt.
While we preach them doctrines, whi'.e we
that eantling armies and locreaaing armam r.ts are t.•
sistent with human liberty, and while we proclatur h 1 :se
of abolishing armed power, we also declare that it et..

be accomplished by the p;ople becoming capab:e
government, ard turning their attention to th; ft.
which order may he preserved. (Cheers ) W, 'eve ,r:'s Tel
upon this movement at a momeat ..f great d at s
moment when we are likely to be subjected to the areatts:
possible tests, and these who are inclined to tilieu:e ;e:13o
we are going over Europe amid fortifications and ecesmp-
ments, and telling people to disarm. (Ltu,:hte- )
1 d) not see any reason why we shouil
not do so. I don't see why we should not tell r atiors
mu-
tually to pot it ell away. NOiIIOCS are ruining themseites
with it, and we come forth to tell them to do so n 3 Eater.
But we cap ricnce this ditticuhy in Germany, that it his
been the scene of events to which we must not thud:. ard I
shall only silade to them to say, " Btehnn be o: tool
heart and do not despair "-(cheers)-and we find them cto
Germans) deeply interested in a great question cohnected
with their own locality. I will only say on this pita th it I
would have the Germans to do to other, as they wou:d
done by themselves, and leave other people to assns.:, :!ex
own affairs :!ht merle's. (Cheers.) But we have k :
lea received both from Germany and Ft nt..T s
great amount of sympathy, and the weak:r vcre
naturally look upon our principles m a _
to be preserved from the dontinaccy of the etrocc; r.
And I wish to show to the stronger powers that Oicy have is
much interest in this question as the weaker ; for as l as
their old policy is pursued se long will thtir own du:Lou:ties
multiply. Can they suppose the possession of enormous
military rwer will prevent revolution ? In 1:47 1 went
through all the courts of Europe, with the exception of that
of the l'ope. and I found kings everywhere dressed in re:Ss
mentals, and their ante-rooms tilled with soldiers, and thttr
fortifications well replenished with troops. 'SAS came, and
all over the country, as I have said before, thrones turub:cd
like a house of cards. I, therefore, can appeal to govern-
ments and kings, as well as taxpayers and the people, D
trip
a cause that will bless and benefit them all. And IL eay. tt sny
of them have no hopes that we will do any good-if .hey
admit our principle is true, and don't join us, because they
doubt our success-I will way that I would he sorry to
entertain such hopes of humanity as to be drives to do.;,air
of anything being done for the pesos of nations, the weltsra
of governments, and the happiness of man. (L chests-)
'the question was then put to the coat/rem, and the resolu-
tion unanimously adopted.
The next preposition was announced for discussion as
follows: "This congress reiterates its strong disti'dyn."T
foa
of all foreign loans, negotiated for the purpose or turnable%
to ens peonle the means of slaughtering another.-
I M. DltUt'li. bat, of Holland, spoke in its supOs'it.
1 M. EMILE DE GIILARDIN said-A familiar proverb
sells money the sinews of war. Refuse the gold and saver,
eanraaticwvairsioinsanmeledwe halo think that thibailtitbyber. Tiers
are
some
demo-
war, but battles cost money. When we are asked tot money
to carry on war let our answer be, that this money is *seta
to carry on the works of peace. sod so answering let
s
us refuse man W• will bring hefore tho
ft
or irb u
cuttingnt ofpublic
theth
throats
ono f w
hish o v ebrrei
brethren.
b ene.ilerr nrtiai.;o,:in:odobnnoberYyl
war debts are weighing down every country
America. There, where liberty is complete. no di tit taiste.
Elsewhere in states where liberty is crippled we tind
Let us, then, unite in one thought, and let this thought h
wine the public conscience, the principle that ss no one
ought to cut his brother's throat, so no one ought to ddid hie
money to employ other. in that munterous boohoos.
Y. ZACHARIAI, of Stettin, followed, and the rnflosi.
tion was adopted.
This brought the Conform to a termination for to day.
THIRD DAY'S SITTING.
Fautaronr, Arucsr

The third day's sitting was opened this morning at ten
o'clock, when several new members were anneunce4, "CP"
whom was Professor Liebig, of Gieisec, whose name was
nceitett with a round of applause. A letter MIA ream