The Express.
London, England, 1850-03-09 00:00:00

RIAD Erittiltanite.
JUDICIAL COMMITTEE OF THE PRIVY
COUNClL—Taffeta/A'.
GORHAM • TUE BISHOP OF EXETER.
JUDGMENT.
We, yesterday, Is put aim lapressios, it,. staid sea-
pa yet ate juagemat la Ibis impartaat MOO, WO atier give it

fallj.
Thejudgment was delivered by Lard Langdale, and wee
it follows :
This is en appeal by the RIM. Gauge Cornelius Gorham /
*paint the sentence of the Dees of the Arches Coen of
Caeterbery, in a proceeding tensed a glop's: queen, in
which the Eight Hee. the Lord Bishop of Exeter, at the
inseams of r. Gorham, was called um to show aim why
be had teemed to Institute Mr. Gorham to the vicarage of
Brutalised Spoke. The page presumed that the bishop
bed news suffitient cans fey kis refusal, sad thereupon
dismissed him tram all farther elmanance of justice Ia the
premises; and, moreover, imademed Mr. Gorham la costs.
Fen this sentence Mr. Gorham • to her Meisel
In Council. The cam was referrid ZsttMainty to tius
committee. It has been folly heard Wen as : and, by
the direction of her Majesty, the Marls( was attended by
my lords tne Archbishops of Cesdnbaey and York, and the
Bishop of London, who see sonainse ofi bar Massie's Privy
Council. We have the satislasties of befog antherbed to
state that the must nellinalll =Mem ths Arehbishope of
Canterbury and of York, efese heel= pensid copies of
this Judgment, have expressed their approbation thereof.
The Bishop of Landon does set concur. The fads, so far
as it is eneway to state them, ere se follows :—Kr. Gor-
ham, bang Yew et Bt. Just in-Penwith, in the dimes of
Essen, ea the 2nd November, 1847, was presented by her
Majesty Os the Mange of Brawn= Spike, in the came
diocese, sal soon afterwards applied to M Lord Bishop of
Exeter tor =tansies sad Maui= to the vicarage. The
bishop, an the 13th Bevember, caned Mr. Gahm to be hi-
fumed that his lordship felt it his duty to ancrtain, by
examinedea, shadier Mr. Gotham was sound in doctrine
bet re he should be imitated to the vicarage of Brampford
Spike. The 'amnesia° commeseed es the 17th Deeember,
and was sentbeed et my gent teagth fir five days in the
muse month of December, and (atter some encodes) for
tbriii moo days in tbe fallowing math of March. The
questions proposed by the bishop related principally to
the sacrament of her ism, and wen very numinous, multi-
farious in farm, embradeg many rents of difficulty,
and often referring to the answers given to preview sass
lion. Mr. Gorham did not at first object to the Wan al
this eximinatioe ; but, during its progress, he in mks=
times temcostrated &glace% the manner Ia which it was sere
sleeted, sad the Matti to which it extended. We ars, how-
ever, relieved from the seemity of eensideriag whether he
could or could not lawfully have Mined to nOmb IP NMI
a coarse of enmioetien ; beam be did to feet wasser
easily all the questioes, sad no complaint is made of his not
having aaswesed them ell. The examination being
concluded, the bishop refused to institute Mr. Gor-
ham, fur tee reason (as stet= in the notificatioc) that "he
bad um the examination found Mr. Garhate unfit to fill
the vicarage, by reason of hie holding doctrines contrary to
the tree Caristiaa faith, and the doctrines contained in the
articles sad forniunries of the united church of England
and bellied, and especially is the Book of Common Prayer
and Administratian of the Sacrament, and other rites and
ceremonies of the church, according to the use of the united
china of England and Ireland." (Gorham, p. 219)
Mr. Gorham, being refund institution, commenced pro-
cendinp in the Arches Court of Canterbury ; and at his
promotion, a maxi ion with intimation issued on the 16th
June, 1848, sad thereby the bishop was monishell to admit
Mr. Ousham to the lacers'', and to institute and invest
him therein ; or otherwise to op. ear and show cause why
Mr. 0 Mama should not be admitted and instituted by the
offienel principal of the Arches Coors of Canterbury. After
litigation bad thus communed, and Mr. Gorham had
eallei upon the bishop to state why institution was n-
hued, it became evident that the reams must be con-
sidered upon le gal principles, and it was to be expected
that both eeries would require a strict and formal proceed-
lag, in which the particular unsound doctrine imputed to
Mr. Gonna would have been distinctly alleged. Unfor-
tunately, this course wed not adopted. The bishop rued
to be heard on petition ; and in his act on petition, he
stated his charge against Mr. Gorham, and alleged that it
',peered to him, in the muse of examination, that. Mr
Gorham was of unsound doctrine respecting that greet and
feadessestal point of begins, inasmuch as Mr. Gorham
held, end 'misted in holding, that spiritual regeneration is
sot given or nagger= in that holy sammete—in particular,
that infante an not made thank members of Christ, and
tee children of God—eentruy to the plain teaching of the
Crumb of Elegised, la her articles and humpy ; and espe-
cially contrary to the divers revs of baptism, the office of
coed motion, and the eateekleas, severally contained Ia the
Beak of Common Prayer, and A =mist:sties of the Sun
meets, and other rites and ceremonies of the church, accord-
lug to the use of the united church of England and Ireland.
And in port suppy of prof of the premises, the bishop re-
tarred to • book written and caned to be printed and pub-
lished by Mr. Gmbara, containing amongst other things the
several (pestle*. pat by the bishop to Mr. Gorham in the
course of the examiumion, and Mr. Garinnee several
mum to the ease quietism Mr. Gorham made no tab'
*Una to the mode of proceeding by set on petition, but
pat in his answer %berm ; and thereby, atter alleging
Oa the book published by him, and brought into court
by the Whop, coatained a full, true, and accurate ac-
count of all the questions and answers which wen
given in the coarse of the examination, he distinctly
and easphaticaby denied that he in his examination
did maintain, or bad any time maintained, missend doc-
trine respecting the efficacy of the sacrament of baptism—
or that he had he:ell, or persisted in honing, any opinions
thereon at variance with the plain teaching of the Clunk
of England, in her articles and liturgy ; and further explieity
and expressly denied that he either held, or persisted in
fielding, that infants are c.at made in baptism members of
Christ, and the children of Oed ; and he alleged that he did
not numtain any views whatever contrary to the true doc-
trine of the church of England, a dogmatically determined
in her snider, fauilisr.y taught in her catechism, and
devot.onel y expressed in her sere:co—it having been his
desire and endeavour throughout the examined= to ex-
plain the leaguers both of her articles and liturgy (in oom-
ph's** wielt the express directions of the church herself)
by such jut and favourable construction as would secure
ea entire agreement, tot only of each with the other,
but of all UM, with the MS' tenor of Holy Scripture,
declared by the said articles to be el paramount and
absolute authority. TM bishop regaled to Mr. Gorham
generally. The book published by Mr. Gorham was the
only evidence adduced on either side ; and with such allege-
lions as are contained la the bishop's act on petition, red
Mr. G nham's answer, the caw was brought on to be bean,
with no statement on the put of the bishop of what wee, in
his lordship's view, the trail doctrice of the church of Eag•
bad, in respect of the efficacy of the baptism either of admits
or infants; nor any specification of the doctrine imputed to
Mr. 0 erbium, except the general charts before stated ; and
no
distinct statement on the part of Mr. Gorham of what in
his view is the true doctrine of the church of England—what
ie the particular doctrine which he himself mamba on the
subject in question—or in what particulars, or for what
particular expression, he requires the jest and favourable
sanstraction which he considers to be necessary and suffi
Seat to seem the entire agreement between the Articles
and the Liturgy and his doctrine. As this form of pleading
was acquiesced in on both sides, neither party has any
reaaa to complain of the other; but these who an called
upon to jades of the matters in nifferenee hsee great rtl/20n
to complain that, instead of their attention. bring directed,
as it ought to have been, to specific propositions distinctly
stated, and to tee *videos* directly applicable to etas pro.
position, instead of having a sped& and precise ssatencsot
of that which the bishop alleged to be the doctrine of the
church of E.igland upon the matters fa question, and upon
which he meant to r. ey, and of the spin= doctrine held by
or iinuuted to Mr. Gorham, and alleged to be unsound, the
sass it brought forward and left in such a form that,
without being supplied with any allegation, distinctly
stated, wany lane distinctly joined, we are cede= upon
minutely and accurately to examine a long aeries of ques-
tions and aitureis—of questions spin a subject of a very
endues nature, intricate, perplexing, entangling, and
essay of them not admittiog of distinct and explicit ea-
agers—of answers not Oven pLinly sad directly, bat in a
guard. d end caivious manner, with the apparent view of
escaping from route appreliended consequence of plain and
direct meet s. The incoevenieece of this cows* of preen ding
L so great, and the difficulty of coming to a right cumu-
li:on is thereby es unnecessarily increased, that in oar opinion
the judge below would have been well justified fa Music,
to pronounce any enclose upon the ease as appearing upon
emu pleadings ; and in requiring the paeans, even at the
list someat, to bring forward the cue is a "staler manner
by plea and proof. The can comes berme us in precisely
the a .me stste ; and although the counsel on both Mee have
used their best endiraveare to remove the vagueness, and
uncertainty found la the pleadings, es well as in the exult-
mien, and have Mosby mash assisted us, they have not
ben. able entirely to remove the difficulty. In con-
sidering the exualeatiet, which is the only evi-
dente, we must have regard sot only to the particular
question to which each answer is subjoined, but to the
general scope, obj ct, and character of the whole exandati-
ties ; and if, under circumstances so peculiar and perplex-
ing, some et the answers should be found difficult to be re-
*melted with one anodic r (as we think is the ease), jostles
requires that an endeavour Meld be made to resseilethem
in such a manner as to obtain the vend which appears meet
gonsistait with the general intiralon of Mr. Gorham la the
exposition of his doctrine and *pinions. Adopting this
course, the doctrine field by Mr. Gorham appear to us te be
this—that baptism ie a socressest generally neemsary to mi-
nden, eat that the grace of regeneration does not so nun
wilt accempany the act of baptism that regeneration inva-
riably takes plea in baptism; that the grace may be granted
before, in, or after baptism; that baptism is an effectual sign
of grans, by which God work. invisiblf to mi. but only in
each as worthily restive it—in them alone it hae a whole-
some effect; and that, without reference to the qualification
of the recipient, ft is not inself an effectual sign of gran.
That infante baptised, and dying before senal sin, are cer-
tainly saved, bat that in no to,, is; regeneration In baptism
lumen& tienal. These being, es we collect them, the °pinioned
N/A/wham, the question which we have to decide is not wk.
they they are theologically nand or unsound—not whether
upon eons, of the doctrines comprised in the opinions, otter
°Oakes opposite to them may or may may not be held with
equal, er cunt greater resew, by _other learned and pious
nainisure of tea church; bat whether these opinions now
ender consideration are min= ez repugnant to the
d Auden which the churn of by its articles, for-
mularies, and rubrics, reeptinela;Miel by its 'sinister', se
that upon the er iend of these opisiess the appellant can
law/22,1y be excluded from the be to wMeihhe has been
prnented. This opinion must be decided bbyy the at Wes and
hum ; and we mil snly to Vie S sale Woo of Ogee boob

the sew rules which have long been established. lead ems by
low applicable to the conctrocuon of all Mitt** ininemsets.
We nest sedeavour to attain for ovirselvn the Meening
of the language emplaned, assisted only by the ensideentits
of such evereal or historical facts as we may find
to enable as to undentecd the subject matter her=
instruments relate, sad toe messing of the woods employed.
le our essioneen to ascertain the tree nenimg and
sleet of the Miles, formalarim sad subtitle, we eat by
us mese laurieltmelly swerve teem the eM eslabliasi rules
et easalsaillwa, fle depart from the whisk have
mesived the milks end a Preiresmind learned
persons is time met, esirebrielink the
basVII est
lealeulated to iisemmise the tree creasing
of the sts
to be examined. Hthese principles are not 'Ahmed is, alt
the rights, both *dead sad temporal, of her Kiesety's
subjects would be sodangered. As the satiteresemer
doctrine, and its applioation to a partionar euestise, it is
material to observe that there were Mame 4111101bAll or
opinions prevailing or nudge discumin at fastness Will the
articles and liturgy were framed, sad ultimately usedepart of
the law; but we are not to be in any way isiesersei by the
particular /*km of the eminent men wles mspeneded or
discasmd them, or by the authorities by whisk tioyi=ash;
supposed to be lademeed ;or by sawn&
to give
_propoalenaes to or Armlike deb
Woos. The artistes and HUM, as we now have them,
mast be esuidered u the dead-result of die dismiss
which took of the rapteentatioa of the se in et
nayparW resew Calvinist.* Arsniaisa, or any Aber;
bet the esseinsism whisk I
we nue possums to be &dosed
free a des esedammisa of all the simmess of the me,
iaetadisg bath Me mese@ hem whisk the declared Semis*
wee deefwd, sled the essinemespinime whisk were Übe sir.
rectal.
itspors due the euphuism anti dienedees et the
oboist end hem the history of the time, that dem the
first dawn the Retermaties, until the final settlement of
the articles sad finumularlok the Mum* wee harmed by a
great variety of opinions respeeng baptism. as well as
upon ether setters of deurine. Meru, kaolin resolved
to home NAM et tab. es a mem et avoiding diversities of
opiniem, t3fdesesbYding eimmiet touchieg true religion, nest
be presume& es have desired to soonaplish that object as far
Y it snail, end to have decided such of the questions then
undo dissuasion as it was thought proper, prudent, and prase
tied& to decide ; but it could not ban intended to attempt
the determiassion of all the questions which had arisen or
might arise, et to the articles an authoritative state.
most el all &Tinian doctrine; sad is making the
beneon
=satin Gem shoes pieta k wee Wended to
mord wee hod Os the poiale deemed nosot impeseens
te be mods bmsern te, wed to sesepesd by members
if the Omsk, sad to those qeesdess apes whisk the mem-
bers et eise dwelt mould agree; sal that eels relate sad
rake trestles& mere left be hum demise lessempeteut
authority, end in the essendese M the priests eilinseat et
pious sad eseesiendese perms. Maim sea meteesse
it would pubaps ham hem homemade, even it it had been
thought desirable, le employ languor which would not
admit of some latitude of Interpretation : if the latitude
were confined within such limits as might ha allowed
without danger to any doctrine necessary to salvation,
the possible or probable difference of interpretation may
have been designedly intended even by the tension of 1
the articles themselves; ani in all PM in which arti-
cles considered as a test admit of different interpretations,
it mast be held that any sense of which the words fairly
admit may be allowed, if that sense be not contradits
tory to something which the church has elsewhere
allowed or required ; and in such a ease it seems perfectly
right to conclude that these who impose the test command
no more than form of the words employed in their
literal and panimatkal seam conveys or implies ; and that
those who agree to them are entitled to such latitude or
diversity of interprets ion as the form admits. If it were
supposed that all points of doctrine wen decided by the
church of England, the law could not consider any point as
left doubtful. The application of the law, or of the doctrine
of the shuck of England, to any theological question which
aeon, most be the subject of decision ; and the decision
would be governed by the construction of the terms in which
the doctrine of the church is expressed, via , the construction
which on the whole would seem mast likely to be right. But
if the case be, as undoubtedly it is, that in the church of
England many points of theological doctrine have not been
decided, then the first and great question midrib arises, le sit
was meant to be settled at all, or whether it is left open
for each member of the church to decide for himself,
acetteding to his own conscientious opioion. If there
be my doctrin on which the articles are silent or ambi-
gmees4 expressed, so as to be capable of two meanings, we
mum suppose that it woe intended to leave that doctrine to
private judgment, unless the =brim and formularies
clearly and distinctly decide it. If they de, we must con-
elude that the doctrine so decided is the doctrine of the
church. Bat on the other hand, if the expressions used
in the rubrics and formularies are ambiguous, it Is not to
he concluded that the church meant to establish indi-
rectly as a doctrine that which it did not establish
directly as such by the articles of faith—the code anoreoly
made for the avoiding of diversities of opinions, and
lac the establishing or consent touching tree rellgiee.
We must proceed, therefore, with the freedom which the
administration of the law requires, to examine the articles,
and the Payer Book, for the purpose of discoverieg what
it is, it anything, which, by the law of England, or the
doctrine of the church of Englend as by law established
is declared as to the matter now in question ; and to 1101e•7-
tamii whether the doctrine held by Kr. Gorham, as we under-
stand It to be dol.:used in his 'inanimation, is directly
contrary or repugnant to the doctrine of the church.
Considering first, the effect of the articles alone, it is
material to observe, that very different opinions as to the
enrolment o/ barium were held by different promoters of
the Reformation ; and that gnat alterations were made In
:he articles themselves upon that subject. The ankle.
about religion drawn up in 1536 state that It is offered
unto all men, as well infants as each as have the use of
resaon, tint by hapless they shall have remission of sie,
and the (grace and favour of God; that the promise of grace
ens everlasting lie (which premiss is adjoined to the sans-
meat of baptism) pertaineth not only to such as have the gilt
of reason, but also to infante, innocents, and children; and
that they ought, therefore, and must needs be horned; and
that by the sacrament of baptism they do else obtain re,
mission of their sin, the grace and favour of God, and be
made thereby the very sons mad children of God. louses*
as iafants and children dying la their Infancy shall un-
doubtedly be saved thereby, and else sot. That Intents
must needs be christened, buse they be bon k
whin& tin must needs be remitted, which mast rell=
but by the sacrament of baptism, whereby they nodes the
Holy Ghost, which executes his grace and efiLacy in them,
and elesnasth and parifieth them from sin by his secret virtue
and operation ; and that men or children, having the use
oi lessen, and wiping and desirous to be baptised, shall by
the virtue of that holy sacrament obtain the gran and re-
eled= of all their sins, if they shall come thereto perfeetly
and truly repentant; and contrite of all their lice before
committed, and also perfectly and constantly eonfessing
and believing all the articles of our faith; and, finally,
U they shall also have firm credence and treat in
Hsu promise of God adjoined to the said sacrament—that
is to say, that in and by this said tenement which they
shall receive, God the Father girth unto them, for his Sea
Jesus Christ's sake, remission of all their sins, and the
14race of the Holy (nos., whereby they be newly regene-
rated, sod made the very children of God, do. In the book
entitled " A necessary Doctrine for any Christian Man," and
called " The King's Book," which was published in 1643, it
is thus stated—" Because all men be born sinners—and
cannot be saved without remission of their sin, which is
given in baptism by the working of the Holy Ghost, there-
fore the sacrament of baptism Is necessary for the attaining
of salvation and everlasting life. For which causes also it n
offered, and pertaineth to all men, met oa.ly suck as have
the use of reason, in whom the same duly received taketh
away and pargeth all kind of sins, both original and
actual, curemitti d and done before their baptism ; but
also it appertaineth, and is offered unto infants, whisk
beaus they be born in original sin, have need sad
ought to be christened, whereby they, being offered in the
kith of the church, receive forgiveness of their sins, and
such grace of the Holy Glint that, if they die in the state of
their infancy they shall thereby undoubtedly be saved.
Benue as well this sacrament of baptism, es all other
sacraments instituted by Christ, have all their virtue,
efficacy and strength by the wont of God, which by
His Holy Spirit worksth all the graces and virtues whit&
lse given by the Sacraments, to ell those that northily
reedy' the same." The Atticles of 1552 and 1562
adopt very different language from the Articles of 1636,
and have special regard to the qualification of worthy
and rAm reception. The Twenty-fifth Article of 1562
distinctly states, that in such only as worthily receive
the same, the sacraments have a wholesome effect or
operation. The Article on Baptism, in describing
the blessings conferred by it, speaks only of then who
receive it rightly; and with respect to infants, instead of
saying, in the language of the Articles of 1636, that " they
obtain remission of their sins, sad the graces and favour of
God by baptism, and that dyng in their hammy they shall
be undoubtedly saved thereby, and else not," It declares
only, " that the baptism of young children is In anywise to
be retained in the Church, as most agreeable with the
institution of Christ ;" stating nothing distinctly as to the
state of such infante, whether baptised or not. The Articles
of 1636 had expressly determined two points. 1. That
baptized infants dying before the commission of actual sin
were undoubtedly saved thereby. 2. That unbaptised in-
tuits was not saved. The articles of 1562 say nothing
expletory upon either point ; but, Snot distinguishing the
ease of insets from that of adults, state in general terms
that those who receive baptism rightly have the benefits
there 'mentioned conferred. What is signified by right recep
lion is not determined by the articles. Kr. Gorham ssys,
that the expend** always means or implies a fit state to re-
ceive, via , in the can of adults " with faith and repentance,"
and in the case of infants " with God's grace and favour."
On acousideration of the articles, It sppeen that, besides this
particular point, there are others which an lett undecided.
It is not perticulaily declared trust is the distinct meaning
sad effect of the gran of regeneration—whether it is a
change of nature, a change of conditioe, or a change of the
relation sabeistiog between sinful man sad his Creator; and
these are other points which may very plainly be open to
different consideration In different 01181114 Upon the points
which wore left open, differnota of °plain could not be
atoned, even unapt than who Meanly inineribed to the
anions; and that such different. among snob persons were
thought mesident with subscription to the articles, and
were not contemplated with disapprobation, appears from a
prep is the royal declaration, now prefixed to the articles,
and width was first added is the reign of King Charles 1.,
long after the *lintel were finally settled. " Though some
differences have been ill raised, yet we take comfort in this,
that all clergymen within our realm hays always most wil-
lingly to the articles established ; which ban ar-
gument to us, that they all arts in the true, usual,
literal meaning of the said articles, and that, even in
those serious points in which the present difference* lie,
men dell sorts take the articles of the Church of Rewind
to be for them; which is an argument again, that none of

them _bled lit.keeiellee el the ankles altabliebed.“
If tie 'iciertheetltute the cods of fifth, mod
frees Width dienerest are. prohibited, nevertkeless
wawa e wilt* giolpigtily admit ef Munn
owistruetione—maff meth= el the church are left at
liberty to draw bees' Ilk Width' different infereness he
matters of faith net heeresely derided, and upon sea
Otis to exudes their private Indemeate—we may ree-
washig aro a* and Meek lifetimes of doinith ellem
ebb is the inieggillalles of the denlissig lining, width
were bona ad Ow*" Wren of isllithrteste ef
faith, Mt of araiNalsi (Se •see the al the
Mama of lithelleik) an sewn 'ether ef Prayer,
and of tie minithlredem of setwentsta, rink and omen
tees el ice Ohm* of aseknA. Is scasidetieg the Book of
Common Peeler, ft matt betheened that there en pares of
it Wilde are slued, riettneatissi, deffieritig whack te be be-
Mend er met doubted—pees whisk we snatreethenal, and
parts whisk sonsfse d deeedseal exercises end union
These parts whisk Mk their panes dorealkel meth be
considered y of dentine • bet es le these pins
W* Si. itlblhrali 'enlisting of purees frond he the
repose of Mang "..e earnest, and at to elk shessin
people to the inebeemetheg of Almighty God," seine forth*,
eendieratiee le wessemy. It seems to he properly said dui
the retsina kruntlesise mann be held to be Winn of
faith or of llestrine, without referents to the &lOW de-
of Metrine in the Articles, and to the faith, ,heut
sa• g
GM* by which they profess to be inspired
er eseenird.4; and then ere portions of the Liturgy
which it plan csanot be emistrued truly without regret le
these otheidarations. For the proof ef this, the isthemen
whisk seems te be mast small, cited, and which is sends-
then le the 1111 Mes fee the burial of the dead. So foe as our
kneceledge or powers of etheeptio• extend, there are and
Meng WM heel gems persons not thoommunisated from the
deneili, wile, having lived Ines of sin, die imprziftent„—nay,
elm who perish and die in the actual commission el
/indent crimes; yet, in one, ease, in the burial servant,
SI
the earth is east upon the dead body, the priest is
direeted to say, and he does ay—" Forasmuch as It ha*
pinged Almighty God, of his great mercy, to take unto him
self the soul of our dear brother here departed, we thinks*
eithainit hie body to the ground, earth to meth, ease to
belles, dust to dust, in sure mad certain hope of the nee*
notion to eternal life ;" and thanks ate afterwards given—
" Fur that it bath pleased Almighty Gad to deliver this
oar brother oat of the miseries of this sinful world;"
and this le followed by a collect, in whisk it Is preyed
" that when we shall depart this We we may . rest is G.E.
as our hope is that this our brother doh." The he,.
hen expressed is the mine "sure and entain bop of Sr
resurrection to eternal lift," which is stated immediately
after the expression, "ft bath pleased Almighty God, of his
great mercy, to take to himself the soul of our brother here
dine:W.7 In this envier, therefore, there are absolute (e-
-mission Implying positive amnions; yet it is admitted that
they newt be literally true in all eases, bat mass no an
'trued in a qualified or charitable sense—justified, we may
believe, by • coafident hops sad n lance that the espresthea
is liters Ily true in many sues, and may be true even in the
particular ease in which to as it seems improperly applied
From this and other cases of the like kind, of which then
are sewed In the services, it seems manifest that devotional
=Z , involvingrtions, meat not as of course be
assertions,
bar an absolute sod unconditional sense. The
saes inn must be ascertained by a careful eousideration
the nature of the subject, and of the tree &striae applicable
Mlt If expressions in devotional exerting. end ezhnthew
Yens which imply or coats; assertions whisk may be tens
is any case, and which we are permitted in charity be
bops may be line In the particular ease to which we are
directed to apply them were such that the wen
tithe nut be accepted as universal proporidess
neemerily sad unoonditienally true In all cases, they
moth sewn to declaration of doctrine; but is
the earwigs be the burial of the dead such Implied mantises
see dearly, not to be taken to be thinnest propositions;
and it is p.ain that other asserting of the like hind, la
ether sinless, may tail within the same category. Is the
thin be ohs administration of the public baptism of infants,
the !vet rubric states the reasons sty it is convenient that
the administration should be when the most number of
people come tegether. The reasons are stated to be, "se
well for that the emigneation there present may testify
the receiving of them that be new beptised into the number
of Christ's church; and also, bents in the baptism of
infants every man pretest may be pat in remembrance of
his own profession mad* to oel in his baptism." There is
a prayer for the infant that he (being de:Wired from wrath)
may be received into the ark of Christ's church ; and
being stedfast in faith, joyful through hope, and rooted is
charity, may so pus the waves el this troublesome world, I
that he may come to everlasting life ; another prayer, that
the infant coming to God's holy beptiem may receive re-
'nisei= of his sins by spiritual regeneration ; an exhortation
to the congregation, or to those present, not to doubt, bat
earnestly to believe that Gird will throurably receive the pre-
sent latent, and give unto him the blaming of steroid
" Where o», we being persuaded of the good-will of our
ly Father towards this infant, and nothing doubtiag
but that he favourably elloweth this charitable work of nun
in brining this intent to his holy baptism, let us faithfully
and devoutly give thanks to bin ;" and in the pray er which
follows, it is thus expressed—" Give thy Holy Spirit to this
infant, that he may be bas again, and made an heir of ever
lasting salvatioa." Before the ceremony is performed, the
sponsors are questioned, and make their answers ; sad an
comes the prayer, in which it is said, " liagard, we beeseut
thee, the eepplieations of this congregation; noddy this
water to the mystical washing away of sin ; and grant that
this child now to be baptised thereto may receive the fulness
of thy grace, and ever remain in the number of thy Matti'
and elect children." That studiously, in the introductory
put of the service, is prayer made for the grace of God ; that
the child may receive remission of his tin by spir toad ie.
g tion ; —eo firm is the belief expressed that God will
favourably receive the infant ;—to confident is the negation
of all doubt but that G favuuraoly alloweth the chewable
work of bringing the infant to baptism. All this is before
the ceremony is actually p rimmed ; and after the baptise
has been administered, and daring the continuance of the
tame persuasion, and the same undoubting confidence of a
(avowable reception and allowance, the priest is directed to
say," Seeing now that the child is regenerate, and grafted
into the church, let us give thanks unto Almighty God for
these benefits:" and alter repeatirg the Lord's Prayer,
thanks an thue given—. We yield thee hearty twain, thai
it bath pleased thee to regenerate this infant with thy Holy
Spirit, to receive Dim for thine own child by adoption, and
to incorporate him inn thy holy church." The settle
is followed by the litthrie—" It is certain by God's word
that children which are baptised, dying before they commit
actual sin, are undoubtedly saved." And to the short form
for the administration of private baptism of children in
henries, after a thanksgiving, " For that it bath pleased God
to regenerate the infant with his Holy Spirit, and to rec ice
tits as his own child by ado, tion, and to Incorporate him
into his holy thatch," there is appended a Itubric—.. And
let them not doubt but that the child so baptised is lawfully
and sufficiently baptised, and ought not to be baptised again "
And if the child has not been so baptised by tue minister of
the parish, but by some other, the minister of the perish
is to inquire by whom, with what matter, and with wi.at
words the child was baptised; and, if cetisfied, be is to
certify that all is well doze; and bat the child, being
born in sin, and in the wrath of God, is now, by the
lava of regeneration in baptism' received into the
ember of the children of God, and heirs of river-
beds, life. The baptism thus referred to, and the effect of
which is thus stated or expressed, is a baptism which may
have taken place without any prayer for grace, er any sp to-
son; but it seems plainly to have been Intended only for
asses of 'merger cy, in which death might probably prevent
the ceremony, if not immediately performed; for buck eva-
sions, sad the child dying, the church holds the baptism
sealing, and not to by repeated. One bop item for the
renhales of sins is acknowledged by the church ,• neverthe.
less, if the child, which is after this sort baptise& do after-
wattle live, the rubric declares the e xpedieney of lodising
it into the church, and appoints a further ceremony, with
sponsors The private baptism of infants is an exceptional
ease provided for an emergency, and for which, if the emer-
gency pus away, although there is to be no repetition of the
baptism, a full service is provided. Tee adult person is not
pronounced regenerate until he hes first declared his faith
and repentance; and before the act of infant baptism, the
child is pledged by its sureties to the lame conditions of
faith and repentance. And these requirements of the church,
in her complete and perked service, ought, upon a just eon-
unction of all the services, to be considered as the rule of
the chinch, and taken as proof that the same promise,
though not expressed, is implied, in the exceptional ease,
wheat the right is admisistsred In the expectation of im-
mediate death, and the exigency of the case does not admit
of sureties. Any other cynelueion would be an argume.t to
prove that none but the imperfect and ir.cemplete cereolenY
allowed in the exceptional case would be necessary in thy
ease. This view of the baptismal service is in our opinion
confirmed by the catechism, in which, although the respon-
dent is made to state that in hie baptism he "was made a
member of Cbrist, the child of God, and an inheritor of the
kingdom of h ," it is still declared that npentence
and faith are required of persons to be beptieed ;
and when the Truism is melted, " Why then are intents
baptize I, when by reason of their tender age the mired
perform them ?" die answer is—not that infants are baptised
because by their ineocenn they cannot be unworthy reci-
pients, or cannot present an ones or hindmost to the grace
of regeneration, and are therefore fit subjeete for divine
gran—but, " benne* they promise them both by 'twit
sureties, which promise when they come to sge themselves
are bound to perform." The answer has direct reference to
the condition on which the benefit is to elapsed. And the
whole catechism requires a charitable ooestraetion, such as
must be Riven to the expression "God the Holy Ghost,
who sanctifieth me and all the el, et people of God."
It seems unnecessary for us to go through the other formu-
laries in the Prayer-book. The services abound with lit
pensions which must be construed in a charitable and
qualified sense, and cannot with any appearance of
reason be taken as proofs of doctrine. Our prin-
cipal attention bas been given to the baptismal .er
vices; and those who are strongly impressed with the ear-
nest pray. re which are offered for the divine blessing, and the
grace of God, may not unreasonably suppose that the grace
is not necessarily tied to the rite •, but that it ought to be
earnestly and devoutly prayed for, in order that it may then,
or when God pleases, be Foment to make the rite benefiei -I.
One of the points left open by the articles iv determined by
the rubric : "It is certain by God's word that children
which are bapdsed, dying before they commit actual sin,
are undoubtedly saved." But this rubric does sot like the
article of 1636, say that each children are saved b baptism ;
and ankles in declared as to the ease of Infants dyleg with-
out having urea baptised. Then are other points of doc-
trine respecting the sacrament of baptism wWh we are of
opinion are, by the rubric.' and formularies (ea well as the
articles), capable of being Itoaredjuit,anderitoOd ia different

SUGAR.—TM &verses pries of awe. the Prawn of the
is Areerks. esw”td from the rehires made In
k 6 day at Kra. MO. is Us. 70. per cwt.
rentheprolsse oldie Kaszttiss Sta. 100. yes cwt. Putter the
el the Bert belles is Us. Sid. per cwt. Iles average price at
throollingskilmblima. Wady. taffs.„Bo.—Gasetts.

lINOWTOL. I[AICIIB.
817610.--181 dam aro still wory badly @applied with
owpiat of Wet Ma own ; ladtad. Oa stooks la trot bodt ate
ipttoooorwolowl as ',dub otaterwol tokbolookal we thos
two S. Tha MUM is Nampo* *rata Thy mama aa
litatlOwswil of width Nod the take sloes ear hat mak KM nele.
*My aea mdboy at steady ratan. lee traeratioas ragotei
Mhetdwe net wag dapotai to we et present fetes; and to
aims bas bun clanked by the high pratedan at ha-
Criw to gibe& la W. I. sabres Ile UNION 1111014rdeing.
eelleell maim* matrons steady, bat ewe is het area her
4111111.11$ baked. the grocers generally 'meads at the dal s Mad
tante.
Wail WWI all desertpdeos Y bold with rearlisralte Intheri, tat
theta Llit sash &lag at precast

Linoupoot., Simms 8..

SuoAz.—There has been a fai7inquiii,"eiaiiiiceial.
P. P. soil at lest week's prices ; for white Beneath under 40a. there Is
a ready sale, but better quality Is to limited demand, and the asks are
ads 3,300 bags; 1,100 bags Mauritius bath also been disposed of at
Ma. to 375. for an cogent. Foreign.—There has been a considerable
badman lu Perth Bleu, bat at rather lower prices; the males are 360
Ws., at from and to 425. per cwt., duty paid for export,
100 sew Brasi 1k boas Havamash havebeen taken, ths farmer
at Ids. to 17s. ed. be brown, and 325. Bd. for good white, the latter at
18a ed. for brown, and 235. kr Ins yellow.—lfous.ra : A large
budnegbas been done, the sales amounting to 1,000 asks; pries
are fully maintained for,the biker dew iptiarn, but tar the Severe con-
cession bee been made, /tangos, at 179.13 d. ; Cuba Maeconado, at
174. ; Demerara, at Ma. 6d., and Cuba elated, at 14.. 3d. per art
from tbequay.—Ouvrrs : The demand is mill of most limited thane.
ter' and the Makes of the week is confined to the sale of 140 begs
Ise Guerra, at Ws. per cwt—A mallet black Pares' sold at Id.,
white at ed.ppeerr lb. In Gramm, Cocos, or Paserath no roles.—lf 0
tierces Carolina Bice brought lea ed. to 19s. f d., and 2,000 bags
Bengal, fis. to 10.. M. for ordinary to send middling white.—Run :
The sides this week are 160 puns., ehletly Demerara, at Mat week's
rates • Leeward. are dull erode, at la. 6d. Cr Is. 7d. proof per piton.
Coieon.—The continued dull state of trade In Manchester Ins quite
counteracted any influence which the tenor of the Amain's elites
with regaled to that crop was certainly auculsted to produce apart he
market, and moderate silts, with lower prim; mist again be enticed.
In the fortniOt common Americans have receded Id., and meet
other detertpftoss id. per lb. Bawds, even at this Seeing. are heavy
of sale. Breit* hands. and Egyptians are very dolt, and may woo
be quoted id. lower. Speculators have taken 3,000 American, 140
Penman and 70 Bahia.; and exporters 2,630 American, Gqu Pennants,
and 200 nurat. . . . . . . . .

sales have been made In blacks and green. out of the
last arrivals. at prnious prim, but the general tone of the market la
decidedly Inactive.
Nothing reported in East India Drysaltery ',titles, with the map.
tie of 150 bales of GAIIIIOI4 at 12s. Id. per cwt—G4o bags of SALT.
rem mold at 26d. to Us. f.d. and 150 toss of Snails of Sons, at
14a. to 14a. 3d. per ewt., beim; rather lower.
Guar.—Them has been more doing, and fully 1,200 tons sold.
Peruvian, at W. Ss.; lehaboe, at 61. 15s. to 71.2 e. 6d • Saldanba Bay,
at U. 22.13 d. to U. 71. &I. per toe, end other kinds in ;report( n.
There matinees • regular and steady demand for Drzwoone, and
the ITAllMantlans reported consist of 200 tens Campeachy LOOWOOD at
Si. es. ; 230 tons St. IhnnLago, at 4t. 12... ed. to C. ISs. ; 40 tow Saran
WOOL., at Ill.; 10 tons Ran &sow Woon, at St. to et. Ye. ed.; and
WAS Lou Woon, at 161. per ton.—No sates reported in TCIPZIT.
• er TAR, nor any alteration in price ; but of Room, 250 bets., price
not reported.— Some few Pearls sod Pot Asses sold at previous rates.
—Seem : There has been rather more demand for CI.OTLIBELL this
week, principally fine new American, but no change in prim to report.
—Hien ; Teem base been no public sales this week.
About 250 trim BRUNTON/I base been sold this week at 71. per ten
for good guality.—No sales reported in Aaootw, TARTAR. or Re rue.—
There has been but little done in MADDInte and Roar, holders requir-
ing extreme rates; at a slight reduction a large business would be
dose.—Of Qusacrraox Baas 1,000 bags Baltimore were sob! at 90.
per cwt.—Ora: me demand for Ouse has been nearly suspended,
and the small bumbles., done hasheenstpt:ices in facour of the buyers
•

About iO tuns Con have been sold at 3217105. to 331. Nothing to re-
mit in Snit. 21) tens American W nau reared 321. 10r. ; 3 tuns
Reran, 63/. t, 611. per tan. and 20 tune Unease, 335. 6d. per cwt.
Rare to quiet, at about former rates.—A moderate baNiness is doing
in r seance or TURPENTINE, at 31s. 6d. to 335. per cwt.—For PAU(
On. a rather tower pricy 111115 been accepted; the Mk, ore about 1.0
tone, at 311. to 311. 10s. per ton.—The Tau.ow market has further
declined, but an Increased business boa been done in Petersburg Y.C.,
at 375. to 37m. 6d., and holders are sure rather firmer; South Ameri-
can continues Wady, the stock broomir g redue‘d. —About 120 tons
American Loan are reported at 33e. 6d. per cwt.-1,600 biles Jt-ra
hive been told at 121. 4. 6eL to 11/. 12s. tid. per ton, being rather
better prices.

COTTON.—LivaarooL, ?drama B.—To-day there is a
good attendance of the trade, and they have purehased more freely,
influenced, perhaps, by the favour ,ble character of the commercial
advice, received this morning by telegraph from Calcutta. The salea
are about 3,000 bake: prices are the same me yesterday. American
deacriptions have b: en in fair request, but they are very freely offered.
Toe mithorieed quotations of "fate" qualities of Orleans and Mobile
are not changed, these qualities not being plentiful; that of Upland le
reabeed id. per lb.; and sales are not easily effected at Rd. per lb.
11nm:a and Egyptians are dull of ode, but are without material change
in prima. Burets are offered freely, and during the loot fortnight the
lower qualities have declined ed. per lb. 3,000 tale. of Ameriodt, 140
Percam, and 70 Babies have been taken on speculation, and 2,830 of
American, GAO ffernams, and 210 Surat for export.

WOOL —LONDON, March B.—The market coatinues li•at
for colonial and foreign, and the previous advanced rates are fully
supported; there ill, however, flute tininess doing. Atrivahi this
week are 311 bales foreign, 636 bales Cape. Engliih has met a Etady
sale, at former terms.
Lame, March B—There bet been very little done in Pales
this week. Prices have a downward tendency. There has been
rather a qineter market this week, both for foreign and colonial
Wools. Toe manencturtra, however continue actively emp.oyed,
chiefly to order, and the prospects of thel trade are generally consi-
dered encouraging.

HOSIERY. B:e.—Lircesesn, March B.—We have little
new to report dome our last. An wire demand math nes foe spring
golds, and mom, colonial orders for Woollen gods have been receivtd
to a email extent. The workmen in the glove and knit-base branches
are so:letting an advance, and are partially out. Yarns and Wools re-
main without variation Nam last week.

SOPS.—WoucasTaa, March B.—T,-.11 113 p market 1,
very quiet, with scarcely any supply offering by the planters. The
demand la steady fur fine quaUties, at the following rats litr cwt.:—
New Worowiters; LiOs. to 1001. ; yearlings, 70, to the.; leli s, 50s.
to GU.

COIIII.—CHEUISFOItD, Much B.—The supply of Wheat
was again small to-day, and the sale was wry flow, at a reduction of
ls. per qr. Wheat, red, 365. to 395.; white, 40s. to 445. Beans
rather lower. Ia other spring corn no alteration.
COViNTBY, March b.—The undermentioned seethe prices
of grain at our market to-day, but not much business doing. Wheat,
14a. to Ds. Malting Barley, 225. to 235. • grinding, 2re. to 225.
Old Beam, 12s. to 135.; new, Sa 6d. is 91.. 6d. Oat', 17s. to 21a.
Pews, Si. 6d. to lee.
LINCOLN, March B.—There nal a large chew of Wheat
from the farmers tl.day, and the demand being limited, tales could
net be made until a decline of Is. to 2s. per qr. was submitted to.
B die), as last quoted. Oa•s and Beans a dull trade, and each the turn
lower. Wheat, red, 345. to 36e.; white, 425. Oat., 12s. to 16s.
Beans, 245. to 275. Barley, 2Cs. is 265. per qr.
-• • •

LIVERPOoL, MARCH B.—Tnere was more steadiaeu in
the print of wheat at this morning's market, but the demand is stilt
of very moderate extent, and buyers act with extreme caution.
Flow also was without on, chasm of value, and there was a better
feeling towards the lower qualities, fur investment. Oats, burley,
beans, and peas were unaltered as regards price, and is limited re-
quest. Indian cots was gd. per quarter lower than on Tuesday.
Arrival* from the Sth to the 7th of March, inclusive, into Liverpool
and Bascom :—Vilwat, 1,333 qrs.; Barley, 635 ; Malt, 10; Oats,
2,770; Beane, 494; Indian Cora, 6,765; Oatmeal, 6,691 tacks;
Flour, 6,013 sacks and 500 barrels.—Exports to Ireland: Wheat, 37 •
Barley. 25; Peas, 56; Indian Corn, 2,740 qrs.; Indian Corn Meal,
23 barrels; Flour, 260 sacks and 400 barrels.
Matnareez, March 7.—There was a large attendance at
market today, and prices for all grain were similar to those of last
week. The supply, on the whole, wee short, but fully equal to the
demand. Wheat, red, 36e. to 40 e. per qr. ' • white, 400. to 448. Bar-
ley, malting, 230. to 260.; grinding, 20a. to 250. Beans, Mazatlan. 21s.
to 245. ; ticks, 235. to 265. Oats, feed, 15s. to 18s. ; hoary, Ise. to 20s.

NOGTMAMPTON, March 8.-The continued fibs weather
making the farmers busty with &ld work, we bad again but a mode-
rate supply of all kin is of grain at market. Notwithstanding, the
trade ruled dull, at about bat week's prices. Wheat, red, Pt. to
91. 155.; mixed and white, 91. 10s. to 101. 10s. per load. Barley, 21..
to 251. • extra, 27a, Oats, white, 15.1. to 210.; black, 16... to 18..
Beans, 265. to 32e.
WAR 11PIELD, March 8.-Our supplies of Wheat continue
abundant, and the demand is still limited; prices, in consequence,
have given way about Is. per qr. The best descriptions of Barley find
buyers at prevMus rates, but It is difficult to mere light and interior
emu. Beans are very dull, and le. per qr. cheaper. Oats as before;
Shelling again glees way in price. Other article., so !Rime. Prices
Wheat, per qr. of 60:bs. to the bushel, Suffolk. titan, and Kent, red
new, 117 s. to 38a.; extra, 316.; whito, 42A. to 435.; extra, 445. ; Nor-
folk and Runts, e.d, 345. to 33 e. • extra, 375.; white, 395. to 40s. ;
extra, 425.; e and ambrultreahire, red, 33e. to 355. ;
extra, 3fis.; white, 375. to 38..; extra, 40a; Yorkshire, red, 320. to
341. • extra, 365.; white, 38s. to 396.; extra, 40..; Dantoas and
Kinitbrturg, white, old, 89s. to 425.; extra, 44..; Lower Bank and
Ilam red, 345. to 37a; el; 3k.8 s.; Mediterranean, red, 33'. to
341.; extra, 356.; Fmglisti, old, 36e. to 3thi.; white, 44e. Barley,
per imperial qr., Noelolk and Sul 23a. to 265. ; extra, 270.; Lin-
colnshire aneTorkshire, 335. to 245. ; extra, 2544 Scotch, 22.. to 23w;
extra, 246.; grinding, 19.. to 205.; foreign, 20a. to 21s. ; extra, 21s.
Berns, per qr., 631 b. to the bushel, small, tine, old, Ws. to Ste. • new,
245. to 265.; ticks, old, 28... to 305.; new, 235. to 255.; sorelgn,
24.. to Us. • new, 225. to 245. Oats, per stone, mewling, 7d. to Bsl. ex-
tra, 84d.; feeding, I'd. to 11d.,• extra. tal.; foreign, 71. to Bd.; extra,
84d. Shelling, per load of ,21311 b-, 20s. to 21a; Melt, per
load of 6 bushels, 325. to 335.; Peas, per qr. Imp., blue and
white boilers, 25.. to 275.; extra, 255.; grey and feed, 235. to 245.;
extra, 255. Ripeseed, per last imp., English, 291. to 311. ; foreign,
291. to 311. Linseed, per imp. qr., 340. to 419. Imports during the
work: Wheat, 16,914 qrs.; Barley, 3,434; Oats, 925; 2,133 ;
Peas, 01; Shelling, 370 loads.
CATTLE, &0.-Exaratt, Much 8.-The supply of
Beasts was above an average, and considerably more than last week.
The demand was not very brisk, and fur fat Beef late priers were
hardly supported. About as. per score most be con.hkeed the pee,
for the best, and that Ague wee bat rarely exceeded. Good plough
Oxen were from 241. to 241. 10s. per pair ; steers, 114. to :91. ' • bar-
risters, Is. per worm Some very tolerable Irish "Leiters were offereil
at from 6/. to el. each ; Calves and Cows, 6/. to 121. each; butcher.'
Calve. 4d. to 3d. per lb. Three was a moderate int/ply of Sheep ;
lame fat trethers, sd. to 31d. per lb.; small, 34d. to Rd., and in a few
instances 6.1.; ewes, 3d.; butcher.' Lambs, about If. Is. each, or. 7d.
per lb. store !logs, 24e. to 21.4 each; couples, 28a. to 30s.
There was u larger supply of Pork carouses to-day, and priers were
the tarn In favour of the purchaser. large ("0111W rip, Bs.. good
Pork, Gs. 6d.; prime, 75.; and vary prime small Pi.rk, 7s. W.
per open.
OLAsnoW, March 7.-Our cattle market will largely
supplied this morning with tine heavy Albs, with a c ,ssideruble
number from Ireland. Sales Were dull, at last week's prices, only
the very best maintaining last week's rate.. Beat ox lleef, 46..;
second, 455. to 455.; third, 38.. to 41s. ; Cows, Bulbs, and inferior
beast., SW. to 370. per cwt., sinking offaL All sold. We bail a large
supply of fine Sheep ; but being good, last week's mices were fully
maintained. Best aged wedders. Sid. to 6d. ; a and, 7d.. to 34d.;
ewes, 44d. per lb., oinking oral. Pigs in dermal. at Item 32e. to 38e.
per cwt. Oood well-fed t• ale& scarce, and high-priced, from 636. to
88e. ; coarse, 36.. to 00e. per cwt.

Cat-