The Express.
London, England, 1850-11-02 00:00:00

Eke earpregni.

amour° MAILS.
The mails be Madeira, the Brasil., sad Berms Ayr" will
be mate se en the errning of
made
wi
Nomad v. 4.
Ile mar for Lisboa, Opera. Gibraltar will be
les es Nor. 7.
TM Mails via Mantillas, tom Mediterrasess, Bigot,
Gybe, India. Hong-Kosg,will be made up as ere
~is of NOT. 7.
The mull for British North America, Bermuda, sad the
United States will Le Rade up, per Niagara," on the
amain, of Nor. S.
The smile for the Wee India, It enessela, New Orsaada,
Greptows, sad Jeanie, will be made up en the merniag of
Nor. 17.
The mail, for Harasser, Roadster, Nemou. sad Jeanie,
Mai, and Pere, will be made up es Nov. 17.
The mails forGibrelter, Meta, Grease, the lads& Islands,
Egypt, Copies, India, sad Chins, oil limithamptes, will
Mme rle se on the evader of Nov. 20.
The mails fee Menkei will be made up ea the nerslag of
Dec. &

Wan WATIZ AT CONDOR PLIDOL
Taw Da. -Memos. II • Allamaa.lll6 lam
maaew—lawalla. 1. 11. alweaara. 41.1 A

LONDON. SATURDAY. NOVEMBER 2.

steam navigation cannot sapport lamiL On this
ausumptios a ease oonsiderably exesellog half a mil-
lion starlit( is annually voted to loop up a tow joist
stock companies, who undertake to tarry the maiW
by
steam to the But and West. This system was in-
trolond on the plea that each enooszagement and
support was necessary in the infancy_ of steam nevi-
'snot. Bat like all interests Melted by protection
and exclusive privileges at the outset, them oompanise
seem disposal to assume that the linger they go on
the more seppurt they will require.
There is one stubborn fact which goes far to inspire
suspicion of the soundness of this protection and en-
couragement theory. It mast sot be forgotten that
private enterprise firat "bridged the Atlaatic." The
" Great Western" was built not ody without govern-
ment assistance, bat against aoTeroment influence,
at Neat as far as the estontatioimly volunteered
opinioes of °Metals could affect that great experi-
ment. The of this revolution in the com-
munication wean the Old World and the New
calculated epos being repaid for their outlay by the
disposition of paassegers and chippers of fine
goods to avail themselves of the advantages held out
by the new mode of transit, motile legitimate pay-
ments for the carriage of me correspondence.
At the very first trial they shortened the passage
from forty to fourteen days ' • and, as far es the public
were concerned, they bad their reward. The Elite of
the pamengers, and the owners of the finer descrip-
tions of goods, willingly paid their extra shame for
the increased speed and certainty as to the duration
of their voyages. Government, on the contrary, so
far from aiding, threatened them with a prosecution if
they attempted to make any charge for the carriage
of letters, and thus cut off one source of revenue on
which they had calculated, on this side of the Atlantic.
Nevertheless, the Gloat Western, until opposed by
the vessels of a government contractor, paid her way
and left a very handsome profit. This was the com-
mencement of ocean steam navigation ; the natural
growth of private capital, enerky, and enterprise;
government not only looking coldly on, but shabbily
and dishonestly bagging the pottage revenue created
by the sew needs of conveyance.
We ask any person conversant with what British
capital and enterprise will do when not interfered
with, whether a self-sustaining enterprise, supported
by that portion of the public which benefited from it,
was likely to have been given up? Government,
however, could not rest contented with seeing ocean
steam communication thus develop and erend itself in
the natural way. Government, it must be kept in mind,
did not venture to pretend that its sole, or even its
principal, object in interfering was to promote ocean
steam navigation en an element of our commercial en-
terprise. It spoke, indeed, of increasing communica-
tion and facilitating trade, but its predominating vi-
sions were about preventing other nations from get-
ting large steamers on the ocean, and about the crea-
tion of a steam marine available in cue of war. The
interference of government with our infant ocean
steam navigation was only one of many practical
applications of the antiquated principles of protec-
tionist and military ascendancy policy, by which we
are still hampered and burdened.
The first step taken by government under the in-
fluence of these protectionist and large war expen-
diture views, was to grant—without competition, and
after issuing a delusive advertisement for tenders, the
conditions of which it was obvious could not be com-
plied with—a contract for the carriage of the mails
for seven years to Mr. CUNARD. That gentleman, or
rather the parties to whom he sold his contract, by its
assistance soon ran the Great Western and all other
private strainers off the Atlantic. As soon as that'
was done, government was in the power of the
CUNARD company, and they were not long in turning
this power to account. By a threat of throwing up
their contract, they compelled government to increase
it from 80,0001. to 90,0001. per annum; and in 1848,
to avert the threatened American competition, and
secure their monopoly, they obtained a further grant
of 60,0001. per annum, for running a packet once a
week.

Tin documents which we published yesterday,
and a few days since, containieg the recent proposals
of the Prussian governmeat to Denmark on one side,
and to the Stadtholderate of the Duchies on the other,
are sufficient proofs of the anxious desire of the
cabinet of Berlin to put an end to the war in the
Danish Peninsula. There is, in truth, no object
in
such a war. No one wishes to destroy or dis-
member the Danish monareby,Oermany having enough
to do to keep itself in some degree of tolerable relations
and moderate freedom. Neither should the Danish mo-
march seek to ride rough-shod over t heD achiesor endea-
your to establish such a despotic rigour as the French
sanctioned in their Napoleonian days of conquest. For
such a subjugation of the German mot to the Danish
in the Peninsula will merely sow the seeds of inevit-
able outburst sad separation at a later day. What
is
wanting is justice, not such justice as may suit a
Russian ukase or French intermeddler, bat justice,
such se the Scandinavian and German races, now in
antagonism and hostility, and moat unnecessarily so,
may agree upon.
It is unfortunate for the settlement of this quarrel,
as well as sufficiently untoward in itself, that Ger-
many should be divided. The struggle between con-
flicting principles and powers throughout that vast
country is something of tar greater difficulty and im-
portatoe than the tate of a few thousand Schles-
wipers. The future fortune, freedom, and development
of Germany, me dependent on the issue of the present
struggle,in which protestant and constitutional Prussia,
supported by all the minor princes, by the popular
opinion in Germany, and by all the constitutional
assemblies of the country, is pitted against the four
kings who were created by NAPOLEoN for the express
purpose of weakening and dismembering Germany,
against Austria and its absolutism, sgrinst Russia and
its scheme to treat Germany as in the last century it
treated Poland.
We have before explained how the Danish ques-
tion has been made use of by Russia to thrust
North Germany, struggling to be constitutional and
free, back into the iron cage of the old federation—a
system of government, or of suzerainty, which ren-
ders a real representative system, any freedom of
thought or of the press, any national feeling or
unity, utterly impossible. Russia, of course, aims
at crumbing German freedom and development, and
owns it. Mistrusting her own power to effect snob a
purpose, Russia has leagued with Austria and with
France for this purpose, and has even drawn England
pertly into it by means of the London protocol.
The intrigue having been comoocted and perfected,
ea intrigue which, after all, is but a continuation of
the plot of last year to oust Lord PALMER-
STON, France was put forward as a cat's-paw
KO messes Prussia with invasion, in concert
with Russia. And it was announced to the
Cabinet of St. James's, in order to intimidate it
into joining in the scheme. The words of the French
minister were that they would use more active mea-
sures, in OM the Frankfort Diet did not prove strong
enough to pacify the Duchies.
The Prussian Prime Minister has now proceeded to
Warsaw, and he bas been told by the Ener.aoa that
Prussia must acknowledge the Frankfurt Diet as
the only muds of pacifying Germany, of surrendering
Hesse to its despotic Prince under the absolutist law
and dictation of the Diet, and of at the same time re-
storing Denmark to its integrity and its tights over
the Duchies.
The lansuage made use of by this unholy alliance,
of Russia. Austria, and France, is simply that of •io-
lance and intimidation. They make no allowance,
admit of no diecussion, respect neither freedom nor
rights. They merely say, brutally, "Do this, or I
will invade you; submit, or we will crush you."
To time mandates of brutal, absolutist, sheer inti-
midation, Prussia hes answered, we must say, as
FREDERICK the GREAT would have done. Prussia
has said, we will not re-enter the confederation for
all your menaces. Let the cue of Hesse be judged
by its right and consitution. Let Denmark and the;
Duchies come to a cessation of arms; and let a
commission, appointed and agreed on by all
the German powers, but nut nominated by
Austria alone, or a mock diet, undertake to see the
rights of Germany respected. But Prussia absolutely
and positively relives to obey or acknowledge, or re-
enter the Frankfort Diet, a conciliabule that was
the mere tool of such a man as Mrrreatilett, and
which was, as it would spin be, the subjugation of
the intellectual and advanced and free section of
Germany to the brutal, the bigot, and the absolutist
portion.
If Russia insists, it will merely Tamale for
Prussia to appeal to the support of the German
people against the triple invasion with which the
unholy alliance of despotism threatens her. It
would be better and more honourable for her to
perish, and leave the German cause to avenge itself
by a future revolution, than to trust in the old abso-
lutist laws of 1815, and tread over spin the retro
grade course of seeking permanently to enslave a
mighty, a growing, and a thinking people.
It is now incumbent upon Engl.shmec to turn their
minds to the position of this quarrel. They see
Russia and France united in menacing Prussia, me-
nacing her with actual invasion, not merely on amount
of the Danish quarrel, but to force a re-establishment
of Nlerreuricn's old Princely Star Chamber at
Frankfort. We are confident that England I
will sanction none of her ministers in either
joining or toleritiog such an unholy alliance.
England has much in herwer by at this mo-
ment seriously pressing end obliging Denmark to con-
sent to just conditions and °occasions: such conditions
and concessions as Lord PALMERSTON himself, not
many months since, thought just, as foreign minister,
to place the SchltiwitHoletein question is • fair
way of settlement. Prussia hes done her etas* let
England do as much; and the profligate pewees
Russia and Franco, which are merely seeking their
own selfish advantages, dent not interfere to enforce
their brutal principle of absolutism and coercion. The
Danish question settled, Russia will want the pretext
to interfere in the internal concerns of Germany,
which she can never mend, nor desires to mend, but
which she only meddles to to mar. And the German
powers, left to their owes internal struggles and die-
carioca, will end by working out some system more
suited to the wants, the nature, and the development
of their several populations, than Marreatricu's iron
cage of a courtly and abesiatist diet.

This system of protection and encouragement has
been carried out, exactly in the spirit in which it
was begun. The practice of renewing expiring con-
tracts without publicity, as in the case of the Cunard
company's contracts, just alluded to, renewed in 1848
for ten years—in the more recent one of the Royal
Mail Company's renewed for the same term—and in the
attempt of the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER to
continue and extend the monopoly of the Peninsular
and Oriental Company in the eastern seas, has
effectually put down competition and created a few
great monopolies. The system, as administered,
practically hands over, in perpetuity, the great lines
of ocean steam navigation to the fortunate individuals
who had tee interest to obtain the first contracts. This
is so well understood, that, since the contract system
has been introduced, no Paddle-Wheel Steam Vessel
for ocean steam navigation has been laid down by
private individuals. For twelve long years the ocean
as far as steam is concerned, has been in the hands
of our great contracting companies.
Three com panies receive among them upwards of
600,0001. of public money per annum under this aye.
tem. Now, mark its fruits:—On the only line on
which foreign competition has commenced (the New
York line), the race on the first trial of the Ame-
ricans is allowed to be a neck and neck one. On the
West India line our despatches are regularly fore-
stalled by intelligence received through the United
States. On the Mediterranean and Rut Indian line
the rate of speed is barely eight miles an hoar; in
1832 (eighteen years ago) the average speed of the
Admiralty packets was seven and • half. Yet in the
face of these facts the CH iNCELLOR of the EXCHE-
QUER has just tied down the nation to pay 270,0001.
per annum to the Royal Mail Company, for ten years
to come, for carrying the Wert India and Brasil
mails, the latter of which was handed over to them
without competition.
The professed objects of government, is we have
already noticed, in commencing this contract system
were :—to create a steam marine available in case of
war ; to prevent other countries from getting large
steamers on the ocean ; and to increase commtinkation
and facilitate intercourse. The navy estimates com-
mittee of 1848 proved that the first of these objects
has not been accomplished. The American lines of
steamers show that with regard to the second the
contract policy has been equally unsuccessful. And
it is the opinion of many intimately conversant with
and deeply interested in the question, that had it not
been for the contract system the ocean steam commu-
nication between New York and Liverpool would by
this time have been much more fre quest, and would have
afforded much more accommodation to the public. The
Contract System—practically a bounty and protection
system—has retarded the progrem of our ocean steam
navigation. In all parts of the world where there is
competition, British engineers and ship-builders are
called in to construct steam ships ; the materials for
steam machinery are much cheaper, capital is more
plentiful, mechanical skill is at least equal in London
to what it is in New York; and yet our American
rivals are equalling our steam marine at the first
outset.
We have oar own opinion as to the way in which
these evils are to be remedied—the false steps we
have taken untrod. At present, however, oar sole
purpose is to point out the consequences of abandoning
with regard to ocean steam communication, the great
oardiael principles of free trade, and of making in
• purely mercantile question, mercantile considers.
Lions subordinate to dreams of military ascendancy.
The matter must be probed to the bottom. Free
traders an called upon to vindicate their principles
and insist upon. their application in the field of ocean
steam enterprise an is all others. Economical re-
' formers are called upon to check the extravagant ex-
penditure of more than half • million per annum for
the pupae, not of promoting, but repressing private
enterprise. Politicians are called upon to oppose the
outititanos of a system which,: by crippling oar
steam navigation, gives foreigner, an advantage
Over as.

Tan incidents that suggest the ispedisaey of a
searching inquiry into the dreaming's= =our ocean
steam navigation thicken and thing upon as. The
Americans have established regular steam packets
from New York to Liverpool, to Havre, and to Bre-
men rirl Southampton. The French, Austrians, and
even the Turks, have bad for some time regular
steam packets in the Mediterranean used Black Sea.
The Dutch are preparing to eater the field ; the keel
of the Bret steamer destined to be employed in carry-
ing the mails from Holland to the Netherlandsinn-
mums in the Eastern Archipelago hsa been IPA
and a company formed to carry on direct oeusessies.
tion by steam between Rotterdam and Now Tusk.
The result of the first direct competition between
American and British steam pickets is a saishat
warning to u to throw away all ucaseesmey iirdight
we carry, in the great race of national caapsildsa se
which we are about to eater.

SUICIDE or • MEDICAL ASSIITAMT.—A Teri 11111-
Mahal, ease cif midis arearrad is Guildford ea Wedaeaday
wreak& TM dammed, lir. William Cater, a Alarm
h LasuMaril swig el Marra. flteedma
MON hem-
AK *NM jury at his bedews at •
letaThamillialnredatiii. a jury was eatmaelled by
Mr. J. Meal. emmier dm Ile immegh, ea the
iams, ram the mama, It ems oat that Or
had hem Wats millmallid blo dle MEM, "On he •
daht. lad Med Mr theamileme W somiteed Ida
deshie amapasee. wahrtmale maa had atioaded the
padiamsat et m eratarle at the pulls Mil as the amithai
at Midis* md bade Ida Mash " irsod We" es raMming
Mae. The jury liaviai antabed feasii the hawk;
" That the dammed died Mai the elate ad prdela.
but whether tams madielaally or silk ea Masan le tam
NM Weide *WI WU MO 11411011111 Is Maw."

"IdTelitatutg 7.- on these things, one of the first consi-
derations that presents itself to the free-trader is the
tranquil completsezizith which it appears to have
g Deep, tkkaa foe in this ooaatry that soma

THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 2, 1850.

FRANCE.

GERMANY.
BERLIN. Oar. 93.
The Russian mots was read to the king in person
by Baron Budberg, the Hessian ambassador, and
without the presence of a single minister. It pro-
mises unlimited support to the Austrian proposals
respecting Germany, Hesse Canal, and Schleswig
Holsteio, and entreats the King Mk% undertake the
responsibility of a European war.
Manteuffel is reported to have again resigned.
Orders are said to have been ignited for the mobili-
sation of seven corps d'ar.nis (shoat 140,000 men).
Simeon declines the post of under secretary of state
for foreign affair..
Count Brandenburg returns to Berlin to-night or
to-morrow morning.
The Frankfort papers have not arrived, owing, it
is supposed, to the occupation of the military roads
through Camel. The division ander General Bonin
has joined that of Prince Radziwill at 'Wachs.
The Staatbaltersohaft of Holstein will iwoept the
proposition for a suspension of hostilities in Schles-
wig only on conditions that, it is hared, will render
it impracticable.

PAM, FUMY IMO'S.
There was ace festers la the expluatiens offered
yesterday by M. Boothe, in Possess d the Perma-
nent Committee, whisk deserver partieelar atten-
L64:l7l,lZiipt Lidogevalad theirs' Ne the prwwt
umayeroet.
shield remit ea Wiled net of the kind, and that it
was net the iehmtima of the government to follow up
that sesame by the replacessest of any of the other
gesershi. Wismar has observed attentively the
crisis of the bet few days will grasp at ones the
meaning le he Mashed to snob an announcement, and
surmise the eventualities that lie behind it. It is
strongly seepseled that the Minister of the Interior,
in giving snel ea exceeded the instructions
I he received hem M Blyeie, and spies moody in his
own Name end that of use of hie edisagnes. Not
onl is the plat for taking dews the power
of pine by piece, completely snored
by mak a emmesseise, hat the bold Gel es tar seesaw'
aseeeden ef the government's Wormiest esti=
isemthelymiseelled by a sudden show of timidity and
wsrbnsa I am unable to say how Baroche's sew
Ilmeseniee be the Committee and their military skid'
Ms Wee seeded at head-quarters, bat he has SSP
tainly eseeprosaised the dignity of the President with-
out any apparent necessity. He executed his ha
before the Committee with a clumsiness which looks
suspicious in a minister of his known dexterity. He
virtually admitted that Gen. Hammer had been a.
moved from his command because he declined to be
instrumental in exhorting the troops to cry " The
rEmperear !" for no one can dispute the right which
MM. Molt and Odilon Barrot claimed to interpret
Baroche's refusal to deny that fact, as a complete
acknowledgment of its truth. Next he gave • dis-
tinct pledge that the undoubted prerogative of the
executive should not be exercised in repetitions of
such removals from important commands in the army
of Paris. Two members of the Permanent Coin-
mines, eminent writers in the daily mess, M. Chain-
bolls and M. Alfred Nettement, set the nature of M.
Bsroche's explanations, as given above, beyond dim.
putt, by their articles in the Ordre and the Opinion
Fatigued thimmornieg, signed with their names his
hardly possible to commies a coarse calculated to put
the government in • falser position than thus to con-
fess the worst of all motives for getting rid of an
officer, namely, because he does his duty, and to
consent to paralyse the most important functions of
the executive out of pure fear. The irresolution dis-
played by the ministers on the day previoss to the
appearance of the deco of Nenmayer's removal in the
Moniteer is of a pleas with this phtiturle of Baroche.
In the first cabinet council held on that day they
revoked their resolution of the night before to dismiss
Neumayer; in the second they confirmed his removal ;
and in the third, frightened by Changarnier, they
offered to resign if the replaced officer did not obtain
promotion to a higher post. It is clear that Louis
Napoleon was perfectly aware of the weakness and
want of dignity of such a compromise, but he was not
prepared to get rid of his ministers. The papers
affirm confidently that Neumayer hu written to the
Minirer of War to refuse the new superior polities
created for him by the military command of Brittassy.
Upon this point I have received no certain intelli-
gence, bat it is positive that in answer to the an-
nouncement of his removal, accompanied by a ages
promise that his advancement should not be lest
eight of, he wrote to decline beforehand any 00111 M.
mum), however brilliant, for his disgrace. It is by
no means improbable that be has declined in a emend
letter the command in Brittany ; and perhaps eves
the recompense contended for by the ministers in obe-
dience to the dictation of Changarnier, was a trap ima-
gined by the latter to inflict upon the President
the mortification of seeing his splendid offer
refused, while it wore the aspect of a personal satis-
faction to the commander-in-chief of the army of
Paris. On the whole, it is easy to see that these are
not the ministers suited to the mood of Louis Napo-
leon. Baroche is a good parliamentary speaker, the
only one indeed in the cabinet, but he truckles to the
leaders of the Assembly far too much to aid Louis
Napoleon in his great task of throwing off the lead-
ing strings of the parliament, and winning an inde-
pendent ground from which he may defy the over-
grown power of General Changarnier. It is jest a
year since the present ministry was formed. and they
celebrated yesterday at the table of M. Fould, the
Minister of Finance, the first anniversary of their
advancement to power. They now seem on the brink
of leaving it, for the men who would share the for-
tunes of Louis Napoleon must be prepared to
"go the whole hog." His is evidently a neck-
or-nothing game, and vacillating men, who
shrink appalled from desperate ventures, must soon
part company with him. What hope there is of cut-
ting a Richelieu or Mazarin out of M. Fialin de Per-
signy remains to be seen. Meanwhile the funds fall,
commerce languishes, people who have furnished
houses look with regret upon their purchases, and
wish to get away from Paris. Everything indicates
the near approach of a crisis,if not decisive for France,
decisive at least for Louis Napoleon. Either he or
General Changarnier must remain undisputed master
of the field.
It is stated on unexceptionable authority that the
President would have carried his changes in the
commands of the army of Paris further, bed he net
encountered • determined opposition on the part of
his ministers, who not daring to face the Assembly
under each responsibility, tendered their resignation
unless the measures in contemplation were with-
drawn. One of these projects was the removal of
General Forest, commander of the brigade charged
with the defence of the Assembly, whom it wee
intended to replace by M. Alphonse, colonel of
the 62nd regiment, which cried " Viva "'Emmons!"
at the first review of fiatcry. If no unforeseen thane
occur before the 11th instant, the session may be m-
ooted to open with a pacific and constitational
message.
The Monileur contains a report from the Minister
of Finance to the President of the Republic, on the
necessity of fixing with as much regularity and
equality as possible the amounts of caution-money to
be lodged by persons holding government litaatiaae
of trust and confidence. The report proposes a scale
for that purpose, which • decree signed by the Prosi-
est approves of. —The Matiteur also contains de-
crees from the President of the Republic granting to
the Minister of Finance a credit of 60,000 fr. to meet
expenses incurred for carrying out the provisions of
the Stamp Doty Bill, and another of 7,456,000 fr. he
various espouse connected with the customs' de.
partment.
M. de Hairnet, first secretary of the French legal:toil
'in Sardinia, who arrived in Paris three days sines,
with despatches for the Minister of Foreign Affairs,
has again left for Tole.
Gomel d'Hautponl arrived at Toulouse on the 28th
alt., on his way to assume his new poet as governor-
general of Algeria.
Y. Domnsado, chief editor of the Cheerier
d'Ationee, hes been named secretary to the Greek
legation at Paris.
The errors in consequence of the Lyons plot eon-
dans. It is certain that a councillor-general of the
Rheas, a municipal councillor, and the proprietor of
• printing establishment have been arrested. M.
Thourel, an advocate, was arrested on the 27th
not., at Marseilles. At Dios (BaesuAlpes) MM.
Langeosnasino, redaeteur of the / and
Julien Sanyo, former stab-comissary of the provikonal
government is the arrondissement of Forcalquier,
have bean pat in prison. At Montpellier perquisidoes
and arrests have also been made.
The metallic reserve of the Bank of From hoe
augmented in Paris 2k 'Mims, bat ham diminished
in the provisos nearly 3 millions. The discount es-
ocienw&tion has increased in Paris 10f railliese, earl
in the provisos upwards of 3 millions, the monist of
the former being 60,431,961 fr., and of the bar
84,732,848 fr. The protested bills still decline, the
present amount, both for Pans and the breach-Make,
being only 631,053 fr. On the side of the liabilities,
the notes in circulation have increased in Paris about
13 millions, and in the departments 3k minima The
account-torrent of the treasury has destined slant
I of a million; the present anionedbeing 50,101,7856.
Private meant. current in Pane have deelin
millions, and in the country of a million; the assessed
of the former being 68,891,6786, sad of the triter
24,878,7246. The whole amount of the =mane re-
serveeintsigifiresent 444 Wilkes, to 623 millions dash
in am.

A telegraphic dispatch in the Cologne Gazette,
dated Berlin, Oct. 31, says: "The rumours just now
in circulation are rather lees warlike than heretofore.
The Russian note is mid to be opposed to the policy
of the ministry of foreign affairs. There is talk of
the withdrawal of a portion of the ministry. The
French envoy, ht. de Persigny, is said to hive given
the most friendly assurances. The commercial treaty
with Belgium, it is said, has been provisionally
declined."

While the continent is teeming with rumours of
war, and the relations between Austria and Prussia
aro of such a nature that a single step in advance by
either must precipitate them into open hostilities, it
will be interesting to glance at the extent and com-
position of the Prussian army. In its present orga-
nisation the army is divided into nine corps, each
possessing two divisions. The standing army, with
the reserves in case of war, number 200,000.

I. Forty. ims Regiments of Infantry.
36 Rees. of the line (4 of the Guards), es 3 Men.
battalion., saloB battalions
9 R.gts. of memo (1 of the Gaarde), st 2 134,000
battalions, 18 battalions
8 combined reserve batallions = 8 battalions
10 beim:thee of R flee (2 Games) 6,000
11. Cavalry in 38 Regiments
10 regta. Calramien (2 °turd'
5 „ Dragoons (1 „ so 4 suad. 1 30,000
13 „ Rasmus (l „ =ls2q „
10 „ Lames 12 „
111. Artillery in 9 Regiments.
9 iftelli• (1 Chards). a 3 Horse and 12 Foot
batteries, es 135 batteries
1 divisim of reserve Fortress Artillery, s= 5 140 = 20,000
batteries
9 companies of Artillery Meehan ice
IV. Engineers in 9 Divisions.
9 divisions of Pioneers (1 Guards), m 2
companies 5,000
2 companies reserve Planners, = 20 comps.
V.
Mounted Chewers, Non.Commissloned
Officen, Company of Guards, Invalids, and 5.000
Gendarmes
Total of the standing army
The army is at present on the footing just detailed,
the war reserves having been called in some weeks
ago, but can be raised to 3430,000 men within a fort-
night by calling out the Landwehr, which is divided
into two kinds. The Landwehr cf the first summon'
as it is called numbers 180,000 men.
I. Infantry in 36 Regiments
36 resimenb(4 of guards)
,m 7 bat.
talions 108 do.
8 battalions reserve Landwehr
8 do
Reserve rifles
It. Cavalry In 36 Regiments.
36 regiments of Lamers (4 of gated, 14 3
squadrons 108 do
8 tquadrons (reserves) 8 do.
Artillery in 9 Regiments.
9 regiments (1 of (lauds) in 116 companies or
15,000 men.
batteries
IV. Engineers in 9 divisions.
9 divisions Engineers (1 of Guards) in 18 som-
-6.000 men.
panic

lanawstir I.—Total
The Landwehr of the second summons is in sum-
bee the saute as the first, and divided in a similar
manner. Together, the standing srmy, the Landwehr
of the first and mooed summons, amounts to 520,000
men, 50,000 being cavalry, and with 2,048 pieces of
artillery in batteries of 8 guns. The population of
Prussia is 16,000,000; the per Tentage, therefire,
would be 31 per cent. Its case of war the army is to
be inmased to 480,000 men, without calling out the
Landwebr of the second summons. It would be com-
posed as follows :
360 bates. of infantry of the line .. 300 000 men.
18 battalions of &Beaten ...... = 10,000 men.
370 squadrons of cavalry ..... . 60,000 men.
298 batteries of artillery
••• • • = 40,000 (2,304 pia
)
,
IS oompsnies of mechanist .. 3
26 companies of pioneers, &C... == 10,000 men.

Today beg the feast of All Salads there was no
Boum Pjo 6a4neee was done at the Pomp, and
so qaotation bae been recorded. Last night the Fives
Kee to 8215, bat declined again to dose at 92.10.

Total 430,000 moo.
Dimwit, OCT. 31.—Voluntar7 Loan, 1061 ; New Loan,
Poar-and-a-Half per Cents., 1001; ; National Debt, 86;
commercial Ahem Society's Premium, 119.; Beak Shards,
97i.
VIININA. Oct. 30.—Five per Cent. Metalliques, 934; Four-
acd-a-11 alf C.nts . ditto, 811. Beck Shares, 1,143.
Exchasp on London, 11.64.

ITALY.
ROMAN STATES.

Oar oorreepoodent states, in hie letter of the 24th
alt., that, by virtue of an old privilege, pleaded when
t►e Pope pardons a criminal on the point of being
put to death, the rAigious fraternity of St. John the
Headless had claimed the entire liberation of the three
prisoners whose narrow escape had excited so much
sensation in Rome. This claim was not admitted.
The government had manifested a design to deprive
the monastic bodies of the right of electing their own
superiors, which had stirred great discontent, espe-
cially among the Benedictines. The American wea-
-1 bybrian chapel was opened through the influence of
Mr. Cu., the chargé d'affaires of the United States.
Several English families of distinction had arrived.
The Marquis Canapes& was married to Min Rowles.

Vbe Court.

WINDSOR, Nov. 1.

The Queen and Print* Albert, emetithipmed by
the Pilau of Wales, the Primus Royal, Prime Alfrtd, the
Primulas A.ies, the Primates Helens, the Princess Louisa, and
Prime Arthur, and attended by the Countess of Mount
Edgers's* the lion. Caroline Dawson, Mies Hildyard,
Colonel the Hon. Charles Grey, Lord Alfred Paget, Lies% -
Colonel Francis Hugh Seymour, and Mr. Birch, left Os-
borne, Isle of Wight, at 20 minutes past 10 o'clock yester-
day morning, crossed in the Fairy royal steam yacht to
Gamut, and from thence travelled by the South- Western
and Great Western Railways, by route of Buingstoke and
Reading, to Windsor. The magnet petty entered:several
of the royal °urines at the Windsor station, and proceeded
to the Castle, where bee Majesty and the Prices arrived at
Au minutes before 2 o'clock, and were received by Lord
Byron, the Muter of the Household, Lieut.-Colonel the
Hon. Robert Boyle, Colonel Buckley, and Colonel Bouverie.
TM Queen and Primes Albert waked in the Park in the
afternoon. Lord A. Paget left ths Castle this afternoon. Col.
Buckley has relieved his lordshin in his duties se Equerry in
Waiting to her Majesty. Her Royal Highness the Dueness
of Kent, and their Royal Hiehnness the Duke and Duchess
Augustus of Saxe Cobourg Gotha are expected to dine with
her Majesty this evening.

The Oxford University Commission met yesterday,
at the ofizial residence of the First Lord of the Primary in
Dowoing•strset The Commissioners present were the
Bishop of Norwich, the Dean of Carlisle, the Muter of
Pembroke. and the Bev. H. 0 Lidded. The R.v AP.
Staaley (Secretary to the Commission) was present.
Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-
oaks from the Governors of Ceylon and Malta, and also
from the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands.

PRINCE EDWARD'S ISLAND.—It is rumoured in
oolonial circles that the vacant governorship of Prince 'Ed
ward's Island is to be filled op by the appointment of Mr.
Daly, formerly secretary to the Canadu.

Her Majesty and Prince Albert have consented to
patronise a hex ar upon a very extensive scale, to be held in
Jane next, in the Gardens of the Royal Hospital, Chelsea,
in aid of the funds of the Hospital for Consumption. A spies
is to be appropriated for the erection of a concert room.—
United Service Gazette.

The Lord Mayor entertained last evening the Chair-
man and Directors of the Tirhoot Company (of which his
lordship is • di.ectorl, the Principal and Memben of the
Society of Barnard's lan, and a select party of private friends.
Amongst the company present were, Mr. Alderman Gibbs,
Major-General Briggs, Mr. H. M'Kellar, Mr. Gisborne, Mr.
S cshill, Mr. J. Ferguson, Mr. W. C. Louie, Mr. Er-
sheriff Donald Nicoll, Mr. W. Fulling, Mr. R. Pulling,
nM Mr. W. Woodme , r. C. Posh, Mr. J. Currie. Mr. W.
Rernidr, Mr. J. Leman, Mr. C. Moore, Mr. H. R. Baines,
Mr. W. D'inaldson, Mr. F. L. Austen, the Rev. J. Williams,
Mr. G. Whiting, Mr. R. Bagleton, Mr. Warden, Mr. Wiz,
Mr. Bilise, Mr. W. D. Starling, and the Rev. Charles Mare
@balk (the Lord Mayor'schaplsin).

(Prom last night's Gazette.)
WHITEHALL, Oct. 30.—The Queen has been
pleased to direct letters pates% to be pa.sed, under the Great
Beal of the United Kingdom of Great Bri!sin and Ireland,
granting to her Royal HI/horse the Princess Mary, Duchess
of 12Ponceeter, the office or offices of ranger and keeper of the
New-perk. near Richmond, in the room of Adolphus Fre-
derik, Duke of Cambridge, deceased.
FOREIGN-OFFICE, Ocr. 24.—The Queen has been
graciously pleased to appoint the Right Hon. Richard Lalor
Shed to ba her !Neely's Minister Plenipotentiary to the
Grand Duke of Tuscany.

THE EXHIBITION OF 1851.