The Express.
London, England, 1850-08-21 00:00:00

giu erorcoo•

OUTGOING NAILS.
The tali!, for British 24 Arta Aviaries. /Invade, sad 138
limited broke will be mule up ea tlee evening of August 23.
The mab rs.l hieneellee, to the Ileditwrasemi, Sept.
(kyles, tube, IleatriLeag, lbs., will be made up ea the
melee of bluest 24.
Th. .aila for Lathe.. Spalvi. sad Gibraltar will be wade
tap es tbe amides of Al got $7.
Tete Wee' lease Maio, oraladbig Hoidens, Mona. Ra-
venna's sad Isesord (St. Domingo), sad Wirlad ins Vrao•
stela, New Greeeda, sad Grey Taws (SI Jess do N warossa)
will be made wp ow the uremia. of September 2.
The smile for Iliezese will be mode up ea September 2.
Tim mile kw lgerkele. *be Bred* led &maw Lyn% win
be Miens as the make' of Sept. 4.
Tee mails tor Il.vasaan, llosibuss, News. Jerald,
Ckill, sad Prra.will be mid, up oaths serails, of Se tp 17.
The wails for Gibraltar, Malta, 01.0011. tbAl UMW
Sept, Cgloa, ladle, sad Cbiee, sets Ileathamptea, will
be whelk so ea tho sorsiar of lope. 29.

atom 'ATMS AT LONDON MVO&
Too 1.14 T -10.1• AA. asamms. h.lbia.
To•Asawir —NOWT' lA. Na akaimma. I.

LONDON, W.EDNBSDAY, itUGUS? 21.

THE straggle between civil and ecclesiastical
authority, of which Pirdmoat is at present the scene,
is not a little remarkable. The question at issue is,
indeed, not new; nee are tbe iafitsences invoked on
either side, sow foe the first time pressed into the
waffler. 'llie quarrel is, io fact, u old as the claims
of Rome to the suzerainty of Christendom, and the
spirit of resistance which those claims have naturally
provoked in all governments conscious of power, in-
dependence, or dignity.
In the kingdom of Sardinia the privileges of the
clergy were, previous to the late popular changes,
defined by the terms of a concordat made many years
ago between the papal court and the late king. A
modern recognition was thereby given to the clerical
exemptions from temporal jorsdictions, which,
though obsolete in almost every other catholic coun-
try, still lingered in the dominions of the house of
Savoy. Not only oulesiastical persons, bat all snits
cad causes in whieh matter was alleged to fall within
the scope of ecclesiastical surveillance, were liable
to be thus withdrawn from the cognisance
of the civil courts, and to be placed at the
absolute disposal of clerical tribunals. The right
unoontravened, its 'mercies varied according to me-
catastasese. While CHARLES ALBERT slept le
Austria's bosom, his police saved the priesthood much
of trouble. The press needed no judicial criticism
when its wings were kept closely cot by the primitive
shears of the censorship; and when ministerial re-
apossihility to representative control wee as yet un-
felt, all questions of intellectual or political licence
were tipped quietly in the bad. CHARLES ALEUT
woke, however, on. morning, and, with what sin-
cerity of purpose we stop not here to ask, proclaimed
his readiness to set his subjects free.. Adel:leis:reties
reforms, which in other rates preluded the change
of political institutive& in Sardinia were deferred
until the latter bad been to a certain extent
completed. War for a time engrossed the national
mind, and still further delayed the moth practi-
cal and useful portion of the revolution thus Isogon.
At length peace was restored, acid the new monarch-
with his new representative system, est about re-
modelling and popularising the civil and criminal
judicatures of the realm.
Whereupon the eturch, or rather the higher clergy,
aided by certain of the monistic orders, solemnly In-
terposed thrr antiquated pretensions, and set up a
claim indefeasible and sacred, to judge and be judged
in all matters whatsoever where, in their opinion, the
interests of religion might be affected, by ecclesiastical
tribunals. Long discussions and angry oontroversies
ensued—the king, the chambers, the press, and the
laity of all ranks, being of one mind and of one soul
in declaring that the obsolete system of priestly
and irresponsible courts must cease, and that perfect
and entire equality should be erablished before the
law. The bishops and the junks teas to their anrent
maxims resolved to concede nothing. The clerical
jurisdictions were finally abolished ; and a trivial
matter soon afterwards arising in which the abro-
gated authority was illegally attempted to be set op,
ander the mandate of FRANZONI, the Archbishop of
Turin, the prelate wa-i summoned to appear before
the civil court. The summons was treated with dis-
dainful neglect, and the court was obliged to compel
the archbishop's attendance. But no persuasion or
admonition could extract from him an answer to any
interrogatory or acknowledgment of the authority of
the tribunal. Judgment was suffered to go by de-
fault, and as the most lenient penalty by which the
jodges deemed it possible to vindicate the law, M.
FRANZONI was sentenced to imprisonment for four-
teen days.
Bat the contumacy of the churchman was not
quelled. The term of his captivity ended, a fierce
crusade against the saorilegions inncvators was forth-
with commenced. Every pulpit es-echoed the denun-
ciations of the unhumbled prelate. The interference
of Austria and the interdict of the Vatican were vebe-
mently invoked; and the forbearance of the people
wu vainly supposed to indicate a change of senti-
ment, and a repentant resctios in favour of priestly
domination. Suddenly M. DE SANTA ROSA, ore of
the ministers by whom the contested changes had
been ini'i ted and carried in the legislature, was
taken dangerously ill. In a few days his
case was pronoancel hopeless, and the usual
request was made to the ministering clergy
of San Cale, the parish in which he dwelt, that the
last rites of the church should be administered. The
Pere SEMITE thus summoned declared that he was
unable to comply, having received orders forbidding
him to do co from M. FRANZONI, unless a full confes-
sion of penitence for his acts performed as a minister
were first mails known. The dying man refused to
quit the world with a falsehood on his lips, and told
the terror-strieken priest that "he knew how to re-

concile his duty to his country with his duty unto
God." Earnest remonstrances were made by the other
members of the cabinet with the archbishop,
but without effect. Multitudes assembled in
silence around the dwelling where the unshriven
minister lay. After some hours of suspense it was
announced that he was no more. A terrible murmur
rose amidst the throng ; and as they separated, such
vows against clerical intolerance, usurpation, and
cruelty were heard, as will not be soon forgotten.
A new source of popular exasperation was seem
added. M. FRANzoNI s vengeance was still SW
quenched. The rites of christian burial had likewise
been forbidden. The fury of the populace became
ungovernable. They rushed in thousands to
the convent of the Peres Servites, and threat-
eningly demanded the performance of the customary
service for the dead. The monks bad ded,
but the excitement had become en great as to oven
power all ordinary sense of obligation, and a prima
was found willing to perform the offices of espaliers.
The ceremonial was attended by the whole of the
civil fuxcionaries, the army and national guard, sad
vast multitudes of all classes of the people. On the
following thy the archbishop was called upon by the
government to resign his see, and upon his rased
was sent under an escort to a distant fortress. The
monks who had been the instruments of his tyre's,
were banished from Turin, and it was supposed the
the Jesuits would be expelled in like manner.
Hardly had these events taken place than the
replies long expected from Vienna and Rome became
knees. Gushed ANTONILLI, on behalf of the
church, adjures the goverment of Sardinia to remise
their reforming steps, and declare. broadly that no
state has a right to alter its d 'meiotic institutions, eo
far as education or worship is concerned, without the
previous russet of the Holy See. And the Austrian
cabinet demands, by way of set-off to the seeaseree
adopted by the Sardinian government against K
FRANzoNI, that the editor of the Opin;one' a mode-
rate constitutional paper, should be expelled from
Piedmont.

the committee Mid over by so able • peer
Lord PORTMAN ; sad i< ls ft,
that the exemption of slosh I. trade
must be oontinited maul seem mode
rate thereon in COON of appeal is
stead, however, of wild Wow foe
system of local taxation, the -
very nodal suggestions for
irregular aseresments to "
lug the technicalities •
publication of rates, s
amounts railways ere sr
abort has rape:cod ea the. the
and the motel ; it has not Miasma
into the region of fiscal fancy, or Lord histaeissore
into the nets of revolutionary floonee.
rBince the earn lowa have been repealed we have
mush of the irdutif• of not fully carrying oat
Ilistpsieapis of the 43rd of Fan serrn. which eee-
ocatribetiou to the relief of the poor
=Mile " the ability" of every inhabitant of a
lted there have sot been wanting symptoms
es tamest opposition co the part of the • farmers'
M" ia parliament to the annual esectaient of a
et the exemption of stock in trade from the obli-
timpeeed by that venerable statute—the Maps
of the poor leir. Hitherto the annual act u
boa &Holed to pan without mach actual hostility ;
bet growls and gremlks indicate a coming storm.
Now certainly at first sight the exemption of per-
sonalty from contributing to the relit f of poverty,
pirticulerly when the statute which subjected realty
obviously intended that all sorts of property should
participate in the barthen, does appear not only Mid,
bat unjust. When, however, the lid Cory of the law
ea the subject is traced, when the long exemption of
personalty is considered, and when the practical con-
segassees of attempting to carry out the 43rd of
Hudannit are fully appreciated, the hardship of the
ease is greatly alleviated, end the injustice ceases to
be formidable. For, as usual in their demands, the
*farmers' friends" know not what their demand to
subject personalty to poor's rates would kid to; sad
by their memo would injure rather than benefit the
*koalas wheal interests they advocate only to limy,
—whose amedence they obtain only to &leis.
Tree it is that the 43rd of ELIZABSTII iatuaid to
make personalty contribute to the relief of the pose;
bat the authors of that statute appear to have Mt all
those difficulties in teaching personalty that seemed-
have encountered: for while the act
Lade armied specific in enumeretirg the descrip-
tion of reeky to be taxed, it becomes general, diffuse
mid uncertain when it touches personalty. Ls words
ow
that the churchwardens and overseers shall also
mho " competent sums of money for and towards the
necessary raid of the lame, &c., to be gathered
eat of the same parish, according to the
ability of the same parish." Taken with the eon
text of the enactments these wads clearly
mean that something beyond, and 'in addition to,
realty shall be taxed; tut they leave the something
to be taxed doubtful and uncertain. What the sta-
tete itself has not defined, the courts of law have in-
deed endeavoured to supply—with, however, indif-
hrent success.

Is it possible to conceive how icy enemy to the
catholic church could have suggested a series of
measures more calculated to injure and undermine its
influence than those which we have thus eau-
nisrated ?

In the earlier operation of this statute no attempt,
it is tolerably certain, was made to give to those
words any practical efficiency ; and it we. not until
the reign of Qseen ANNE that aoy endeavour was
made to rate personal property. In 1706 the ques-
tion was brought before the Queen's Bench, when it
was held by the then puisne judges, Lad
Hotr, a much greater authority than any
of them, diseenting, that a farmer is not
taxable to the ror rates fur his stock, but that a
tradesman is taxable fur his stock. Here, at once,
in the very first decision, • difficulty and an injustice
was raised : for on no principle of sense or political
economy, and one should have thought by no tortur-
ing of the words we have quoted, oan a f.rmer's stock
be exempted from what a tradesman's stock is SAW
to: the rate paid by the farmer on the assessment of
his land being • deduction from its value to his
landlord, just u the tradesman's stescament on his
shop is.
This decision was, however, acquiesced in ; because
it was not acted on. Lord MANSFIELD indeed for a
time practically overruled it ; for he not only denied
that stock in trade had ever been rated under the 43rd
of Etuanmru, but he held that it was not rateable;
and so the Bing's Bench ruled with him until L utd
KENTON'S time, when it was again held that stock in
trade was rateable, and all subsequent cases have,
with many exceptions in detail, affirmed that decision.
Still, however, stock in trade was not rated.
"After all the inquiries and researches," Mr.
0. C. Lewis, to where evidence we are indebted
fur this resume; told the Lords' committee,
"which I have been able to make, when
I was at the Poor-law office, and also
since. I have seen no reason to believe that any prac-
tice of rating stock in trade obtained throughout the
country." And for this very simple but irresistible
reason, that no legal mode of assessing it could be
discovered. At W,lverhampton the attempt was
made ; bat on no sound principle. The traders were
divided into classes, according to their supp reed
wraith, and required to pay according, not to their
actual stock in tr►de, but to the clue in which they
were placed. Tnus a surgeon with drugs worth 301.
in hs surgery, bad to pay in respect of them as much
as a tradeeman who had 30,0001. stock in his ware-
houses. This system was, of course, at once dis-
allowed os appeal.
The consequence of these difficulties and of the hi-
therto undiscovered possibility of fairly rating stock in
trade, led to the enactment of an annual bill for its
ex.mption from poor law amusement. Now it must be
admitted that exceptional legislature of that sort is un-
satisfactory, and wholly unworthy of the legislature
of a great country ; and though for centuries stock in
trade has been practically exempt, it is by no means
surprising that this yearly interposition of the legis-
lature on behalf of trade should be objected to.
But the objectors, as we have said, know not what
they are about. For let the "farmers' friends" be
successful; let them disco ,er some mode of legally
and fairly rating stock in tr. and the consequences
would recoil on the farmers themselves. The decision
which exempted farmers' stock fr,m assessment was,
we have remarked, submitted to because no attempt
was generally made to assess traders' stock. But,
assets stock in trade universally or generally, and that
decision will be at once
-impeached—impeached, too—
there is every reason to think, and all sound lawyers
do thiak—with success; for the distinction taken in
1706 by the Queen's Bench, from which the greatest
of its then judges dissented, between farm and trade
stocks is purely arbitrary, and rests upon no intelli-
gible ground.
The assessment of stock in trade would then, either
by the reversal of that decision, or by legislation, tie
at once followed by the saw Bement of stock on farms;
and who, in that event, would be the great losers—the
agricultural or the trading interests? There can
hardly be a doubt that the agriculturists of the king-
dom will, by stirring this question, far more effeo-
tally punish themselves than the traders of Eng-
land. And yet they suffer themselves to be deluded
by public men, who are thus leading them on to
greater burdens than they already bear. It is as
usual, the blind leading the blind.

GREAT Britain is generally clamed among the "old
countries," and yet there are ia h many districts which,
In respect of rapid pogrom and the modern features
of everything in and about them, have more resem-
blance to a oniony. This is especially the ease in the
manufacturing districts. The inventions of Warr
and Aaiwatour, by enabling men there to tura the
)undred-f-

products of nature fo a hild sue amount,
have, ss it were, restored their youth ; have made
them fields for immigration ; have caused towns and
works to spring op all stamped with the character of
recent origin, hurry, and incompleteness; have, in
short, reproduced rod of the p.benomena we have
been accustomed to observe only in lands where man
has newly taken possession.
This is the case in a degree that is particularly
striking in Glasgow. The good city of Bt. Mottoo
one of the oldest in Britain, but the town Cl Glasgow
is one of the most modern. It is not easy to find the
old town in the new; the old inhabited is but
as a point in the modern wilderness of buige, and
the et:natures of the former are almost daily being
swept away to make room for others. The ancient
Trongsts and Galloweate are but a small part of the
modern lines of street; the Sautmerket, beloved of
Bail lie Nicol Jamie, the old bridge, the College, and
the Cathedral, are only discovered by streagers after
a minute search and toilsome voyage of discovery.
An infirmary has elbowed the Bishop's Castle from its
place, and the old University buildings are, we are told,
about to be converted into a railway station. The
remnants of ancient Glasgow are imbedded in the novi

Ins report of the Lords' Committee on Parochial
Assessments, just issued, is in every respect an im-
portant document, inasmuch as it gine no encourage-
ment to those wild and selfish saltenias for removing
the incidence of local taxation in which some of the
protectionist leaders have occasionally taken refuge
when pressed by their followers to came out boldly
in advocacy of a bread monopoly. Lord MAIMS&
!WRVS very pretty plan for substituting a general in-
come tax, under local management, for the poor rates I
now paid by realty receives no encouragement from

THE EXPRESS, WEDNRSNA 1 EVRAMW. :WWI Aix ,: 184,Fr

Is 1845 `the gross number of distinct possesalose
(houses, shops, dm.), within the parliamentary boun-
dary of Glasgow, was 65,028, their vale* 86C1501. ;
is 1850 the namng was 76,034, the v 61861,017,3621.
And at this moment an entirely new town—somist-
log of numerous =este, squares, and cremate-1s
being added to the northern and western boundary of
the city.
The pregress of Glasgow. steady u it has been
rapid, Dr. tiritooo justly attribute' to the" easampo-
' Ikea" character of its manufactures and emaseree.
Manchester we have the cotton manufacture, in
Berwick the manufacture of stuffs, and in kidlety
Minster of carpets, in Wolverhampton and Birming-
km iron and eagineeriog works, in Staffordshire pot-
tery, in London shipbuilding, on the Tyne sad Wear'
the oval trade ; in Glasgow we and all of Ow, and
' more. Hence, when one branch of business is del;
others ars generally flourishing, and thus PIZ;
mumuniversal depressions by walk
limited to on or two branches of kaesetry age
periodically visited.
But to return to our immediate theme, the ury
recent origin of Glasgow trade and industry, it asfy
be ladies= by a glance at its two staple amookie•
tares, settee and iron. The former cisamssal
said to be elder than the century; the still
later introdaotion. The first steam-engine la thaw
cow, connected with cotton-spinning, was mewed let
1792 ; the power-loom was introduced in 1793. Bat
there was scarcely any yarn spun in Scotland till
after the be ginning of the present century. In 1800
there do not appear to have been 300 power-looms at
work in Glasgow and its vicinity. At present the
number of spindles empl eyed in cotton spunnag, con-
nected with, or dependent as Glasgow is about
1,803,000, and the cotton consumed by them amounts
to nearly 45,000,0001b5. There are now 25,000 power-
looms kept at work by Glasgow, which, on an aver-
age, produce daily 625,000 yards of cloth.
As to the iron trade there were only 16 smelting
furnaces around Glasgow in 1830. and the manufac-
ture of malleable iron was not properly commetced
in Scotland till 1839. In 1830, each of the 16 fur-
naces produced annually 2,300 pigs of iron, or a total
of 40,000 tons; in 1849 the nun ber of furnaces had
increased to 79, producing 475,000 tons of iron p.:r
annum. Of the six malieable iron works in Scotland
five ate in the vicinity of Glasgow. No amount of
the quantity made was kept till 1843; it was then
33,000 tons per annum ; it is now 80,000 tons.
'fbe immense increase in the population of Glasgow
which has taken place since 1801 appeats to be
mainly attributable to immigration. The number of
deaths in the city in 1849 (augmented to some extent
by the cholera) was 12,883; the number of births, as
nearly as can be ascertained, to about 12,000, or nearly
1 000 lees than the deaths. Even in periods of less
mortality than 1848 and 1849, the numbers of births
in Glasgow cannot be mach in excess of the deaths.
That the population has doubled itself in twenty
years, and nearly quintupled itself in fifty, is owing
to the: shoals of immigrants required to fill up the
wide and widening field of its still expanding in-
dustry. Its manufactures have been to Glasgow
what their waste lands are to oar colonies, and the
new states of North America.

which he hoe vmwed upset,
in r the' ruler
posten-artle
ministers d' sod Daeism were with
him. let the other esubges •weio Cisme! de Ow
ngham, who after s raced of undoen on a small scale
ie now reduced to play Mena fiddle,* the aides-*,
cusp mad other ettesdame. QUuile Bona red,
Gird de sommesiod the 'party , span i
horseback,. The usual feign .eighle and sunk.
draped haleonies, with ladies wreing Inindkir-4
chiefs, Wesel% garlands, peolievf
mations, griped the" pegy. 'no 'prodist
peered at the windows of both 'ands of the
ture„ on °welds WWI time authorities, esideu, the
other the people. Ti. rat peromege that we. pew-
. seated wu the octegonmian Bishop of Belley to
whom he apologised for his delay. The aged prelate
complimented .lesie Napoleon.
.upon his .re *impel
sentiments, and presented the curate of Trevoux, Who'
WU decorated with the Legion of Honour. The curate
promised to pray oarneedy for the mom of the work
which was henceforth emaciated with the President's
illustrious name. _

The spirited and enterprising character of these
home minarets has kept the advance in their comforts
abreast of that which is witnessed in their numbers
and wealth. The domestic indications of this can
rcircely be made patent except to the eye-witness;
but their works of pubic utility are apparent, and
enable us from what is sten to guess at what is unseen.
Prior to 1806 Glasgow depended for its water supply
on twenty-nine public wells, a few private pumps,
and a spring at Willowbank, from which water was
carted to the city, and sold from door to door. There
are now three water companies which send 11,000,000
genres of water into Glasgow every day. The first
gas-light company way instituted in 1817. The
streets, bridge, and harbour are now entirely lighted
with gas; gaslight aloes is used in shops, ware-
houses' and factories ; in private dwelling-houses
gas I. used to a greater event than in any other town
we have visited. The quantity of gas annually con-
sumed (not including the gas made at one public
work) amounts to 441,000,000 cubic feet. In 1800
there was scarcely any sewerage in Glasgow; there
are tow 42 mile, of main sewers, 21 of which have
been formed during the last six years.
But p rhaps the moat extraordinary instance of the
public spirit and r nterpries of Glasgow is its harbour.
fhe city is 20 miles from the estuary of the Clyde,
and about the middle of lest century scarcely
craft larger than 20 tons could penetrate so tar up
the river. Vessels of 400 tons now 'AI out in great
numbers. This is in part owing to the indefatigable
tffurts of the Clyde Trustees to dcepeu and widen the
river, and to the introduction of steam tugs, which
enable vemels to reach the Broomielaw in one tide.
The whole tonnage arriving at Glasgow in the year
ended July, 1828, was 214,316 tons of sailing vessels,
and 481,946 of steam vessels; in the year ended July
1860 it was 392.033 of the former, and 873,159 of the
latter. The revenue of the Clyde Trust was 3,3191.
in 1800; in 1850 it was 84,2431. The enterprise of

The doyen d'at'a of the council-general made him.
melt the MOM of the public wishes for the completion
of the work of pacification. He mentioned the Feet
sufferings of the agricultural classes, who were thank-
ful for the relief bestowed by the government in re•
leasing them from the payment of the 17 additional
centimes. The interests of the laborious popalatioas
of town and gauntry were equally resournser.ded to
the care of the President, who answered : " We have
done for the cultivators of the land, whose sufferings
and symrathies are well known to me, all that was
possible. You need be under no apprehension that
such great interests will be less dear tome than those
of industry and commerce. The effsets of all are
tecessary in order to work out the general good ; and
I doubt not that the cauncil-general of the Air,
wili Co-
operate to the best of its power towards this end." He
then replied toe speech of the pre..ident of the tri-
bunal. Before his departure he decorated 14 moldier' of
the 33rd Regiment, wounded in the expedition
against Rome, and, in order to show further marks
of his preference, bestowed a hundred fraaca upon
each of them. One of them having been forgotten
in this distribution the error WIN repaired by giving
him a double remuneration, why is not stated.
The following telegraphic despatch, dated lest night,
from licsatican, was received at eight this moroiog by
the Minister of the Interior, from the Minister of
Publ:c Works :

the citizens of Glasgow has made their town a im-
port in despite of nature. Two results of this deserve
to be notes : the registered shipping of the port
previous to 1812 was n./: now it amounts to 507 ves-
sels of 137,909 tons. The customs have in the course
of less than 50 years increased from 469/. to 640,678/.
Nature gave Glasgow minerals—coal and iron •,
man has done the rest. The inventions of Warr and
ARKWHIG HT, HENRT B LL'S steam-boat MENTSITH'S
dye works, MACINTOSH'S and TENNENT'S chemical
discoveries and inventions, N ELSON'S hotair-blast, and
other felicitous applications of intellect and ingenuity
have bean to Glasgow what wide ranges of fertile
land and a genial climate have been to other places.
Even its harbour and navigable river are the work
of man. The climate is not to boast of; the ad-
joining country for the greater part deficient in
natural fertility. But the wealth of Glasgow has
overflowed on the surrounding lands, and converted
barren heaths and moors iato rich filth and pasture.
The influence of the industrious city in conferring a
productive agriculture on a wide surrounding district,
is a theme worthy Dr. STRANO'S talents for research
and happy powers of illustration.
" Let Glasgow flourish," for well she deserves to do
so. Equally careful chroniclers might show that
such are all our great marts of modern industrial
enterprise. Our nation may be old in years, but it is
let young in vigour and enterprise and hes yet a
ong career to run, the nature and importance of
which defy conjecture.

TILE OLoccurn Fienvis wffi oommenoo on
the 10th of September. Thisimeial peruses of the Queen
has besn accorded. The tla the Doke of Beaufort,
sad the visapresidents Earl of Fitehardinge, gar(
&men, and Lord Lyttelton.
Ac IDENT UPON THE MARTPORT AND CARLISLE
Batz.way.—Rathar an alarming eseident occurred on the
Maryport end Carlisle Railway on Saturday last to the
10 16 a.m. train, while on its way from Maryport to Carlisle.
Soon after patsies Durham, the train hoe to go round a
curve 113 a aloes quarry, and when at the point the engirt*
came s deftly to a stand-still, is censequaes of some sad •
dews having happened to the aosseetlng rod. The driver
got down to manila* the =gine, and whilst he was doing so,
the goods train, which starts shortly after the above train,
ease suddenly round the earner at this awkward plat, and
ran law the passenger train. Fortunately the goods train
we. proceeding at a very slow pace, and the driver, with
peat proems of mind, on seeing what had occurred, shut
off the steam, sad put on the break, and did all he could
to purest a serious oollialos. The goods train, however,
same with such force against the passenger train that
metal Odle pemeagen received injuries of a more or less
serious character. A child of four years of age was very
mach kart by the concussion, but is now recovering. Na
time wee lost la despatching the psisessen to A..patria, the
clearest stades, when every sisSMONSS was given by the
needled goetlenten called la is osseed apes thou who were
hart. Gnat blame le annelmid Is the guard, whose *sty it
woe to have seat or no lbws the Use with a aged, par-
Ocularly se there Is • siva oso sear so the spot where the
saddest occurred. Irhe hod haleted adroll. and it is wild
that he had ample time is lb eso lM mien have
bus proosnloi. Tto asiosay, with sisissoodslie society
do Ills Wag der fable, ollumind the poet from
Sir swim.

Tee President of the Republie set not from Lons-Is-
Baulaler yesterday morning at half-pest ten, and arrived at
B seeps at seven In the evening. As on the preceding
day, he found upon hi...passer, at all the localities which
he traversed, the snunittpal authorities, the clergy, the el•
tional eased, and nom rtAts populations, who brought him
the (speaks of their devotion, acd saluted him with the
most attasted acclamations. outer to fa. am pusses
• •

. -
of the President,the at, of limangon bee giaen two balls,
one at the nate, sad the other at the theatre, at which all
classes of the population aseembled. At the rcgoest of the
mayor, the Precedent caneentrd to attend these bells. At
that of the Halle, the crowd was eo great that be was
only able to remain an instant, du-iog which he • d the
room. He then repaired to the other, at which he was re •
',sierd with enthusiasm. This morning, after the reception
of the asthoritiee,o( the constituted bodies, and functionaries,
the President passed it. review the national guard and tLe
troops of the line.
Oo the 19th tho President arrived at Belfort.

I have received from a private source the fo:lowitig
address of the calamity body at Lyons to Louis Na-
poleon :
M. Is President —The tennis of the United States of
America, of the Ottoman Porte, of the Orend Duchy of
Baden, of the Beim confederation, have the honour to pre-
sent 3ou their homey' sad wiabss for your happiness. Thsy
call upon France, upon you, upon year government, the
divine benediction. We thank you for the 'flats you have
made for the prosperity of commerce. They have been
crowned with SUCCtIR. We. and the friendly powers which
we r. present, are grateful for shit you have undertek.n in
favour of order, tranquillity at home, and peace abroad. We
desire mat the pad relati.ais which seen between Francs
and our ctivernmasta should be neva interrupted. We are
happy, M. le President, to offer you te-day the testimony of
our respectful symrathire
At the inauturation of the ricieties of mutual aid
at Lyons the President read the following speech :

Gentlemen,—The institution which you havel..;ited me to
inaugurite is one of thou which ought to produce the most
salutary 'Mfrs in the position of the labouring classes;
for I cannot bitty' that there are men so perverse as to
peach up evil :cowing chat they do so. Bet when men's
Mods Noose excited by social convulsions, pernicitms ideu
' are disseminated amongst the people, and lead to wretched-
ness. The PUMP of these Utopian schemes Is ignorance. In
tact, the systems the most seductive in appearance are too
often quite inapplicable in prosaic.. The empire of reason
is insuflidient to d.atroy false doctrines; and it is by the
applmation of practical smeliorsions that they are most
efficiently put down. Mutual aid societies, suck IN I com-
prehend them, have the precious advantage of uniting
together the different classes of smiety ; of putting en end
to say jealousies that may exist among them; or neutialising
la a great measure the results of want, by causing the rich
man to etveperate from the superfief y of his fortune, and
the working man from the produce of his economy, in an
imitation where the industrious workman will always find
council and support. In that way an object of emulation
is given to the different communities; classes are reconciled,
and individuals mouthed It is, consequently, my firm
intention to make every tif,rt to eVabliatt throughout
Prance mutual sid soeieties ; fir, in my opinion, these Insti-
tutions, once established everywhere, would be the best
mesas, not of solving problems which are insolvable, but
of succouring real sufferings, by stimulating alike probity
in the wanton man, and charity in the wealthy one. lam
happy in commencing by the sod ty of Lyons, where
pbileathro to ideas are so warmly responded to. 1 wish
your new society all the prosperity it deserves, and I thank
the founders of it, who have such claims on the approbation
of their tellowmitisme. (L met applause )
The President hesitated greatly while reading this
epetch, perhaps horn the circumstance of M. Moc-
guard, his private secretary's handwriting being a
little freer than usual. On coming to a full stop he
was obliged to apologise, and said, "lam so agreeably
occupied at Lyons that I have scarcely time to write
my speeches ; pardon therefore the difficulty I find in
reading my manuscript."
M. de Belsw, the famous novelist, expired on Sun-
day night.
The Belgian mail did not arrive on Sunday, owing
to the Roods. _ _

The Union publishes the following letter from
Wiesbaden, dated the 16th :
Yesterday being Assumption.day, the Count de Chambord
went to church, at eight o'clock. All the mats wen tilled
with Frenchmen ; the foreigners of did; rent countries tilled
the lower parts. The lite of the Count de Chambord at
Wiesbaden is • very active one. All the day is taken op
with eltdienoes. Every one i. received by the prince, end
every one makes his renstrks on the situation of affairs. The
es-parr, the representative, the banker, the merchant, the
writer, and the tamer arrive in their torn with their idea,
eitasetimse wit► their advice. In addition to these private
audiences there is a general one every day, at noon, foe all
new comers. and in the sleepiest a mooed general reception
for all the Pram* present at Wiesbaden. In these recep-
tions, which are very numerously attended, the Count ale
Chambord goes from one room to another and speaks to
every one.
- - - - - •

In order to give people a notion of the duke's tact
the Union tells us that he plunged Madame de
hagne in tears by reminding her that her brother
was killed in 1834, while raising. a barricade. The
ocer.sion which furnished the prinon with this un-
happy allusion was a jocular expression of the Vis-
count Walsh, on whose arm Madame Behagee was
leaning. Meeting the prince's expansive person in a
doorway, the viseatint said that he and his partner
quite "barricaded" the way. Imagine the solemn,
awkward dulness that Gould take such an opportu-
nity of consoling with a lady on her brother's death !
A sitting of the Permanent Commission of the Na-
tional Assembly took place yesterday, but there were
very few members present.
The heavy rains which have lately fallen in varies'
puts of the territory have given birth to some appre-
hensions for the corn harvest. Although, undoubtedly,
partial damage hes been caused, the injury as yet
done has been inconsiderable, and the harvest,
though perhaps inferior to the last one, wbioh was
unusually abundant, gives every promise of being
above the average. Besides, the rums had been in
part gut in, and but few hail-storms have taken place,
a eases of Wary whisk is far more disastrous to the
husbandman than a heavy fall of rain.

llowns-151. Osessls, 415; -ViremU4l4 (1011 bank), 150 ; Per*
said Orissan.7l7 10; Pods awl Amish 511 115‘ Boum 404 Hum
IV 30; 144740047 awl A*iss. 1110; Bay 117 50;
Odra= sod Think NSW ; ,Weins awl i 11411•1144111 SI 044,716.
444 75; Paris awl 70700+0446 HI fly Tam iril Waft WI IC
Maileross sad nom t&

' --
ii:lat.ll=-Has.'*sithe'iitui..prot•—:=
1 . ths •filosigj. 'W Wstaltifeder, Who had
1 ' fhOen'tlictieest hoillibilehlikvielitivet to the
to Opt fie, rWised" To:onaoa. The
$4 . .of ristisos 144 orsedoll tit...votaries of
isle to scepuste.tketer boards for 1861 'without
do y..',, lathiest*. 111441.1.. y tai itsick estihatige
1,111/Mb,ftirl4.4"AltirlAeall.,
rr I 4'4u,.1..1.1. A',4-..."1, V, ~.--1 . -14 1 to!. 1 • ..; I
tot +4lll -o" c, '... 1,1 ITALT ... ... 7 •1?•• ,1., • /.
+.I ill. 16./) 11.! I.; • `lt •eAt wt. ‘•e-s.

. . ,
: .1 , f•• ti ;' liP ii7^4oN
r.•,, ~ ..,, , *,l
elk
teams:dig et 4ber Turin, of Illthieelatos a en-
aulsielreif Meesignor Frionsdat, Archbishop of,
T lnset :the 4:trainee**. wale lb urea hiss ea
(the litie tioetitiltrn, he said to the °diner :—" I suppose
you found a letter, Whish must have gives you exist
1 pleseues, among the papers you sized yesterday."
" Whit& r asked the officer. " Why that which
informed me that I was to be *nested, and my, papers
seized." The orn.er immediately reported the cir-
cumstance, but the latter in question was not to be
found among the papers which had been seised.
ROMAN STATE'S.
Letters from'Bologoa, of the 13th, state that the
,country continues to be infested by robb.tra.

- .. ~..„....
• prodded over by so able a peer as town like the stray balm of some ashes' or. ea
. patir; •• .. FRAZkabirill a i "112 polfe.or • e it • P A .411. • • kenalin
•it ; sad it is frankly contra/id extinct spears la ewes &halal feriastios. • mr. cr. ••,.., ....0-,........,. I• i• I,ma .”02691,1, .14 ..M.tirllßiir, . MP ~,, P7PTIII ITTPTI: VP*
Peed
of stock in trade from rateability Toe MAW" of oar day is mare* mak • • Ay. . „,,;,,•„‘ 9,-, it
...,. 4 „Tangy, seitemit, •-•., ••< more. hirmi -' . ems .
.ned until some mode of sustaining a years old, a fast at wkioh we have bow • • . .s. , Tha • • , , . Alt ~. . • a..... ..• , • _. l• • 'aerie, ksmo. sap as ti
, , , . ' . net v ri ..r . SI.
*ll •. w,/ . ..All.O gr.;
in clam of sprat is discovered. lit. sad valuable _ -r* I' " fh
,
r,, of wild schemer fur boalstrebbig our Mketiessootialell •=llllllike, ! ^ &mg .• " '"' 10 '4: '•.. ' '• ' • • .01, a ',...., 'eliir• •c , .:,' ~6NI , * •.+e 6 ~r ',el.
1 taxation, the oommittse m 001110 Avgrist oliTit 6. aerberWooo . ' t.• • 44
.• mei . ' ' iheeseat' Ai ; sae ~/ , • ~ . .
ars.
A„....tve,
‘ipt4
..,
tggestions for improrkg. tamep4 Blitish Um. !• ' i•• , . *Pal if tire • be anted ea tilt 17 • ' the • 1 • !' itcercs—Useiimbasy
emends to " psrociia' l pates, repel. . •
ttla f • l,l r. •
*, •11 t ' lilac di& amide,
it:tdoe
go. ..,Nat Mom Ltar..4 ISM ft. b & b,
mei .
ta=.... •. , ••• ;.Pi - b. 4,,,, „...r.
Militias relative tbs all •• r w, -, as 1 . Thll64de eietelhlAr. mem an fascia •
psi 7724 m,. at ,• . . .", 44OPterl?Olert , OW% , tree, ea,0,..
rates, and for r acing .6i:tidiest. at in* 660 at 367, •1. la 1660, eird district' tie in . .it the city. Tbe-V gawk* wir-.7.---biutea ,
...!
~...,,, .0.. i,00,. ,••IC ,•
aye are assereed." . The committee in now embraced by the parliamentary citt.ecatidard by mac .aa &be read, sad did taeL• make hit, ,
.`1,,,t; )9 ~,,,j , 1,,, 0 . ~ .4. •,, Li, ,A
trayeass
arid as tars_ presible, the pmetioabis, My 30 Sala ef -ammo mid reads ist preens se dB thaaj. Ma aegis as era ildrdik ammo ,-i•••; Nit awl • .••/ ti. •••.6 • .1 ....: ..; •
;it has not followed Mr. Dismau formed mad paved strafe Ideas extend to ae !MUM f& the seloseill&totiosni audio lowa inera, a Q, nnd .•! n i2nyr 61 n,A 46.16, ...with en .le •
lof fiscal fancy, or Lord MALMlsacrav The force of the impetus whklt itas propelled Glasgow rank which. he hop lilletowad apes Mane f, iid sear- A Miatlfilleadir,'ill'air" 1)kb; aiatial.'diVie'li wfh
of revolutionary finunee..
as smug*