The Express.
London, England, 1850-07-25 00:00:00

MR. mEcHrs FARM.

On Tuesday afternoon several hundred gentlemen
mumble d at Tiptree-hall Farm, to pay Mr. Muhl a visit
of inspection. They came from every part of the country.
There were lace farmers, intelligent land.agents, and
enterprising proprietors. The church was worthily repre-
sented by the presence of half-a-dosen clergymen. and
Mesas. Ransom* and May, of Ipswich, and Mr. Gratin,
of Beverley, were there to see that the farm implements
were what they should be. With a long train of curious
and interested agriculturists, Mr. Muhl visited every field on
his farm, sonneumes skirting along the headlands, some-
times dashing through the centre by the help of a water
furrow, and still the concourse poured on their way and
livened to the animated explanations which their inquiries
drew forth. Often amidst the tall crops of wheat, their
heads alone visible over the waving mass, were knots formed
and rapid discussions carried on with reference to matters of
practical detail. It was confused on all hands that the
wheat crops were splendid ones. For the last six years Mr.
Muhl has grown wheat alternately with green crops every
second year, and he expects, as the result of the present
harvest, a return of five quarters to the acre. His show of
beans, potatoes, clover, wunel, and turnips was also very
creditable to him. On the second mentioned crop he took
occasion to point out its remunerative character, and
the pr.judiees which existed against it, while, with reference
to :he bet, he dilated, as the result of his experience, on the
virtues of superphosphate as a manure. Mr. Muhl hes a
hearty contempt for the fallowing system, which prevails so
extensively in Basel, and especially in the district called the
Roothings. His idea is, that the land should be deeply
stirred, kept thoroughly clean, and be maintained in constant
and high cultivation. He dreams as little of a bare fellow
at Tiptree. hall es in Leads:than-street. He thinks that the
one may be made to produce food and the other wen and
dressing-cues continuously. Passing from the fields to hit
farm buildings, Mr. Mechi exhibited therein his live stock
aod the system of management pursued with them. To We
his own expression, the old farmyard system is entirely ex•
ploded at Tiptree; cattle, sheep, and pigs—all ere under
cover, sheltered by substantial sheds from the rigours of
winter and the summer heat. Mr. Mechi's theory is, that
rut acd comfort, with every convenience fur economical
feeding, are the main elements of abbess in the manage-
ment of stock. He discards altogether the old farmyard,
with its secellantoue eutents,—exposed to every va-
riety of weather and the most ingenious wutefulnees in
straw and otherwi,e. Not only does he do this, but he
denies his sheep and his bullocks the luxury of a t t
in the fields and a nibble at the fresh grass. The system
of plactreg cattle on sparred boards was originated by Mr.
Huxtable, and his been adopted by many of our leading
agriculturists. The inventor hu modified his practice so far
as to give his animals a little straw for bedding, but his feel
lowers, and among them Mr. Mechi, has carried out the
first idea without any change. Mr. Mechi has widened the
spa* between tact spar for calves and bullocks, and he has
introduced the plan into box-feeding, whereas at Mr. Hex-
table's the cattle are all tied up by the neck. Oa a novel
practice of tau kind, untested by experience, it would be un-
safe to pronounce any opinion. The advantages of a clean
!Ai:age, and of economy in manure and in straw, are obvious,
but the agriculturist will look to the comfort of the animals
subjected to this treatment, and, jadial of in this mbar,
the oxen at Tiptree certainly appeared to be very ill at
ease. They were tormented by files, and moved restlessly
round the spaces iu which they were seamed like wild beasts
is a menagerie. Perhaps it may be the fault of the situation
is whip a they are pload, perhaps of the mode in which the
handlers are constructed; bat this undoubtedly was the
weakest point of Mr. Neches exhibition, and it is one to
the cure of which his attention should be directed. In the
feeding of his cattle he has effected a great improvement, by
the I:to:wive adoption of cocked mews for them. His pro.
vender thus goes much farther, and is equally effectual fir
the desired purpose of producing flesh. lie has in this way
lgreatly increased the quantity of stock kept by him, and
ooks forward to a still greater extension thereof. He hu a
splendid collection of pigs, and endeavours to meintain
the reputatioa of the bounty for Were. In respect to
sheep, it would be unfair to judte him, as he has just
parted with the best of hb stock. Those who witnessed this
portion of his management on Tuesday may have been
startled by some apparent 1 xtravagances, but novelty of prac-
tice always wears a strange, unnatural aspect, and it by no
means follows that because some features of a system are
obviously bed, and others run counter to our predilections,
the whole should therefore be discarded. The intelligent
minis of Mr. Mechre visitors could not tail to be struck with
the concentration visible in hie farm buntlines and especially
with the application of steam power to almost every per-
pus fur which it can be adapted. For a long period the
mechanical facilities which the steam engine affords have
been known to farmers. In the agricultural districts of
Scotland chimney stalks are seen in every direction and
form—a aeeeaeary portion of farming economy. But how is
this in England ? How is it la Essex ? In the whole of
that country there are not more than three steam-engines
dedicated to agricultural purposes. There may be locomotive
machines which perambulate tho country to thrash out corn,
but Essex is not milted to these and for the general purposes
of a farm the fact is substantially sa stated. Of the two or
three steam-engines for agrisultural pupae, in Bees Mr.
Meeki's is one. It has been constructed to get through a
deal of work, and to discharge an immense variety of duties.
Its power, were exhibited in fun play on Tuesday, and ex-
cited unqualified approbation. From inspecting his farm
machinery, Mr. Mechi's friends passed into a spacious apart.
meat in the barn, where dinner had been prepared for them.
Here they regaled themselves oa the good cheer provided
—their appetites sharpened by exercise, and their memories
oblivious of low prism

POLICE IIf27ILLIGENOIL
THIS DAY.
MANSION 1101:1811.
ALLIIOIIO I,OIOIIIW. —D. Dorm" slim JoAss Johnson, a
Gresedisipaiaseridmmexamined, charged with uttering
a hogoldidgme WU, with intent to dared Mann.
Lillie bogie, amd ales with liming is his peneedao
a did dlllida MIL The name of Sarah Hawes was
atlealsol diegnets.
The It appeared from the evident*, mutton the
e~aitlfable 17th July, and get are barman of the Victory
tame% road, Gresswich, to write a site *sr hiss
to Itiran. Lubbock's, imataining the cheque for 1001 sad
regicide/ the cash to be transmitted to bins at the Victory.
By Mee adrift of John Forrester, a reply was sent to pri-
sonar, wise had desired the letter to be signed " Jobs Jollin-
ess," and, is primer applying far the sum, he was given
Into ended, I sad upon him woe found another similar
cheque fee Mi.
The only person of the name of Bush Hawes who kept
so ameant at Messrs. Lobbed'', is deter to Mr. Benjamin
Hawes, ilea., and she being ;resent, was eamained, sad
swore the signatures were not hew.
The Flimsier, it appeased, lad been twenty.flve years in
the service of Meson. Hawes at their soap rectory, and Waco
he had been In Gilteparstreet had written to Mr. Benjamin
Hewes, M.P., bogging to be released. He appeared very
ill, sod hie daughter, who wee peewee seemed much
arriehed at her fatker'sjoseisiee. They seat:raced each Wen,
▪ • adlyttlfal
mitkil fee sesiaiKensved. Prieeser wee then our

MONEY MARKET.

WIDNUDAT EVINING.

.._.._......,_ ..._,..,,,,
Those interested in the establishment of steam
communication with Australia will be gratified to
learn that Lord Naas has given notice of the follow-
ing motion, to be made on Thursday in the House
of Commons:

That an humble address be presented to ler Majesty,
praying that she will be graciously plermd to order inch
measures to be taken as will ensure the immediate establish.
sent of regular steam ammanicatioa with her Australian
colonies.

This subject, so important f3r the commercial in-
teresta of Great Britain and her southern colonies, is
exciting at the present moment increased interests
since it became known that the route via Singapore
is virtually abandoned until the expiry of the East
India Company's charter two years hence. If the
Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company
refuse to accede to any other terms to carry out this
project than thou which they would wish to dictate
to the East India Company (and there appears no
hope of any accommodation of the difficulties im-
posed), it is unreasonable to expect that the mercan-
tile community in the meantime shall be deprived of
the advantages which the opening up of a regular
and rapid communication with Australia would give
them. With a view to promote this object two me-
morials are in course of signature and about to be
presented to parliament, copies of which will Le
found in another column—..ne from the merchants of
the City interested in the trade with the Cape and Aus-
tralia, and the other from the merchants and
manufacturers of Manchester, which has already re-
ceived a number of highly respectable signatures.
Both of the memorials recommend the adoption of
the Cape route as the most eligible in a variety of
respects, not only for postal communication, but for
general commensal purpos-s, and the promotion of
emigration and interc3lonial intercourse, to the
mutual advantage of the colonies and the mother
country. We also understand that memorials to a
similar effect are in course of signature in Birming-
ham, Liverpool, Glasgow, and other places.
We learn by the tut arrivals from the Mauritius,
which extend to the 22nd May, that the debate in the
House of Commons on the Bth February on the future
colonial policy of the government, had given rise to
apprehenions on the part of the colonists as regards
the competition they will have to sustain with slave-
grown sugar, arc irding to the Sugar Act of 1846,
which had induced the inhabitants to petition her
Majesty and the two houses of parliament. The peti-
tions complain of the injustice done to the colony by
placing its production in competition with Cuban and
slave-grown sugar generally. Toe petitioners state
that they applied their capital and industry to sugar
cultivation on the faith of messures adopted and pledges
given by parliament that the British market would be
secured from this competition—that daring the last
sixteen years, 145,000 immigrants had been intro-
duced into the island, at the enormous expense of
1,250,0001, &c.—that as free labour is more expensive,
and yields less than slave labour, and as the slave
traffic in Cabs is in fall vigour, they, in order to avert
being ruined, pray for a differential duty of ten shil-
lings per 100th.. in favour of British colonial sugar.
These petitions have been signed by most of the
landed propriety'', and in them there is nothing
opposed to the principles of free-trade between all
countries where slavery is prohibited by law. Al-
though some of the jcuritals do not advocate
the objects of the petitioners, under the im-
pression that free trade is sought to be at-
tacked ; still there are parties who unwisely
pursue a different course, as is shown by
the circular letters of the Society for the Protec-
tion of Trade, published in the journals, which, by
the more prudent and reflecting portion of the com-
munity, are deeply regretted as calculated to unsettle
the minds of the colonists with hopes and expecta-
tions which can never be realised. Lord John Rus-
sell, in his speech on the Australian Constitution Bill,
forcibly alluded to the difficulties which recent legis-
lation has imposed upon the sugar-gro wing colonies, bat
at the same time he admitted and pointed out how
production was again advancing to the point from
whence it bad receded, and the last accounts from the
Mauritius inform us that the growing crop is the
largest ever known. The imports of the island,
exclusive of specie, for the last quarter, were
23,3584 in excess of the previous year, from
which we may infer the ability of the island to pur-
chase, or at least that the alleged impoverishment
had not led to a diminution in the consumption of the
necessaries and comforts of life. If the Mauritian.
will only take a lesson from the free-trade movement
going on in the world, they will find that it cannot
retrograde,—its progress is onward.

Before these protectionist circulars anived, the
island papcn indicated that a conviction was gaining
ground that planters were able to compete with the
gave-growing countrin, and that they had to contend
with them only in the quality of the article produced.
It is, ho aever, well known that slave labour is by no
means the only supposed advantage the Cubans
enjoy. Whilst British colonies have been sleeping
nadir protection, and restricted in their models ope-
randi on account of another protected interest, that of
the British sugar refiner, the Cubans have adopted
all the latest Improvements, and the excellence of
their produce testifies to the results. British ma-
chinery is equally as available for the Mauritian. as
for the Cuban, and if they are wise they will adopt
it with other imi roved agricultural appliances, and
then they may expect to see their produce equal in
quality, and sell at the same price, as Havannah
sugar. But let them cut aside all hopes of protec-
tion ; the day has gone by for England to tax
the country with 60,0J0/. (or 10s. duty) for the
benefit of any colony. The emigration question
we believe to be the chief difficulty the
Mauritius have to contend with, but even this is im-
proving, and the opening of the port of Madras, from
whence two vessels with coolies were soon ex peoted, will
effect a great change for the better is this respect.
On all hands it is admitted that the efforts of the
governor continue to be strenuously applied to this
difficulty, which, under hia:able co-operation, will soon
cease to press otherwise than lightly on their re-
sources. The abolition of the anomalies which exist
in the distinctive duties imposed according to the
mode of manufacture might perhaps be urged on the
consideration of parliament with benefit to
the colonies, and their abolition would enable
the planters to compete more effectually
with the produce of the world. We advise them
therefore to cast aside all delusive hopes of protection
and direct their energies to the improvement of the
quality of their produce by better manufacture, and
to the removal of the differential duties on the quali-
ties. They will then grasp the substance, and avoid
the mortification of disappointed hope.

From the monthly circular issued this evening by
a leadiair Manchester firm,lwe make the following ex-
tracts, with reference to the markets for cotton mann-
&eters.:

Tai peculiar feature of our market during the put month
has been the great advance in the value of yarns, and the
seareity that bamboos experienced as regards quantity of the
klade sold in the cop for manufacturers' purposes. A large
sambaed looms are said to tie standing for want of yarn,
and, se the result of this seareity, a very great advance has
bees established is prices. This advance lan forced on ma-
nufacturers the nuessity of asking for vary extreme rates for
their fabrics, but more especially so for domestics, widen,
with all the adman established in them, have "old for but
little more of late than the mere water the yarns themselves
before weaving. Longcloths and T cloths have been simi.
larly augmented in price from the like necessity, and this in
the face of very discouraging advice, for those staples from
various markets, when their saleable value is
oatitrasted with the rates currant here. We
now stand at a higher range of prices for all our
staples, as is the cm with cotton also, than at any previous
period during the last ten yews, and still, in the face of this,
the feeling is rife, both here and in Liverpool, that we WIT
still' reach a point yet considerably higher than has yet been
&waned. Be that nit may, it would at least indicate that
the general current of feeling is too strong to admit of any
material decline being established in our market for some
time to come, and buyers have oonsequeatly acted with more
confidence than might have been anticipated, coesidering the
risk which always neemarily attends purchases of mann-
famines, as of all other articles, at high prices. There would
certainly seem but little secoungement in the ad vices received
from Fusion motets, at for some time likely to be received,
in coaseque coot the very extensive supplies which have been
sent out, to support the present range of prices, hut so
strong is the feeling in regard to cotton, and so discouraging
have the advice, hitherto received been of the state of the
growing crop, which ie stated as likely to be unusually late,
the plant being expected to bloom materially later than in
any previous period on record, that, with the present abun-
dance of money, and the circumstance of its having been so
freely directed to the article of cotton for investment and
employment, the feeling of confidence has for the present
become too strongly rooted to suffer much diminution from
any unfavourable advice, which have from time to time
come to hand. The beautiful weather we have of late ex-
perienced has greatly improved our harvest prospect', which
wen very good even a month ago, and we may look to the
full and general employment of our working population,
giving promise of a large home trade.
Messrs. Davidson and Gordon's monthly circular,
issued this morning, has the following summary of
the produce market :
There have been important arrivals of produce during the
month, and the supplies at market have exceeded these of
the previous one ; still in prices there has been little Haan&
tion. Toe home trade dem tad has been more active, order
from the Continent have also increased, and a speculative
feeling is entertained towards some articles. Deliveries for
home consumption are still increasing, and exceed those of
last year; for exportation they are slim extending, and there
is
in most cases are lees than in the previous season. With
respect to the future, appearances are in every respect highly
favourable, as there is • prospect of a plentiful and abundant
h Money .is oleo cheap, and in the manufacturing
parts of the kingdom trade is in a flourishing condition, and
so fall of orders and the manufacturers for cotton and woollen
productioas, that some el-cline to enter into further engage-
mars for the present. Tea is expected to sustain the present
advance, whilst for sugar and cones higher rates are looked
for as the year arum. This has been a very active mouth
for articles used in manufacturing purposes, and the sales of
cotton have been very extensive, both for consumption
and on speculation, indeed they far exceed those
of • long period ; prices are also still on the
advance, and enesamption does not diminish, although
, the rise is 75 ti 80 per cent, as comrered with this time last
year. All parties agree that cotton will continue to rule
high, as there can be no doubt the crop will eosin be short,
end under last season's, whilst stocks in Great Britain,
, Europe, anti in America are much leas than for • consider-
able time past. The business in wool has been upon a very
large scale, but as supplies have increased there is no rise at
present to 'ono:ince, still an advance may be looked for, as
consamrion is extenuing, and likely so to keep. For dyeing
articles the demand has much increased, both (or the cons:-
, sent and home coosumption, but indigo is thinly snide
that has realised an advance. In tin • material rise is appa-
rent, and speller cannot be obtained at previous terms ; for
I other metrls, trade is in the same inactive state as in the
former month, and prices are likely to continue low. There
was an advance foe bread stuffs in the early part of the
month, owing to smell suppli s, but trade has berme quiet
during the last few days, and previous terms are not to be
obtained ; the market has also been more freely supplied.
The business in produce at the continental markets exceeds
that of last month; and there has been an advance in engem,
, whilst other articles have realistd full terms. In goods:used in
. dyeing and manufacturing purposes, a very large business
has been done at most of the foreien markets, and the rise in
cotton has been material. For discounts, rates are easy at
the terms of this day month.