The Express.
London, England, 1861-08-02 00:00:00

AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY.

The Oat-Deutsche Post of Vienna, of tho 28th
July, says :

Ms Path Gazette contains a circular of the Judex Curia
to all the law authorities, ordering that the principles pro-
visionally established by the Cunal Conference for the ad•
ministration of justice are for the present to servo u the
rule foe all the tribunals. The Comitat of Haschau has
passed with enthusiasm a vote of thanks to Baron Vey,
Coast Swain, M. lle Szegenyi, and M. Edouanl Zsedeuyi
for having sacrificed their high functions to their patriotic
fidelity and convictions.
The Agram Gazette publishes the text of the re-
solution of the Croatian Diet relative to its rela-
tions with Hungary. It is only necessary to peruse
that document to be convinced that the changes
made in it, after lung discussions, have not softened
the spirit or lessened the bearing of it. It is a
formal renunciation of a real union with the crown
of Hungary, and the conditions to which it sub-
jects any negotiations for the purpose of preparing
a closer union are of a nature to render the estab-
lishment of it, if not impossible, ut least exces-
sively difficult. The representatives of the military
confines in the Diet of Croatia have addressed a
petition to the Emperor of Austria, in which they
say:

"Our greatest complaint is of the excessive severity of
the military service. Out of • population of 1,082,000
souls the Confine% have to supply on an average 60,000
men—that is one soldier for every 18 persons ; and in time
of war, on deducting women, children, the sick, and the
old men, scarcely any valid men remain in the country. In
the rest of Austria only one man in 140 is taken, so that the
contingent of the Confines is six times greater than that of
other Austrian provinces. Owing to this state of thiogs
the wars in Hungary and Italy made 30,000 widows sod
60,000 orphans, and as in war it is always the Bower of the
nation which is taken, our race is decimated and our na-
tional power reduced such NI extent that other races
increase and become strong at our expense. That is why
the population of the Confines declines instead of augment-
ing. In 1847 the number of inhabitants of the Confines
was 1,110,000, and it is now nearly 20,000 lees. That is
certainly a terrible tax on blood, and we have paid it for
300 years !

TURKEY.

THE SUSPENSION OF THE ;" LEVANT HERALD."

The Levant Herald, of the 24th ult., announces
its own suspension, news of which has reached us
by telegraph.
The Herald gives the following additional in-
formation respecting the reforms that are being
carried out by the new Sultan :
Amongst the myriad other abuses which grew into
established system at the Ministry of War under the
regime of Rise Pacha, was the enrolment as officers of
many hundreds of his own and his frieu,be pipe-bearers,
cavern's., boys, and other dependents, with every rank from
lieutenant up to that of colonel. It is needless to say that
these gentry neither understood nor rendered military ser-
vice, but they nevertheless drew pay and rations more
regularly by far than the most deserving subalterns,
or field officers is the corps (Carom& of Itounielia,
Lek, or Arabistan. Such, too, was the case with
mores of juvenile sons of the disgraced minister's parti-
sans. Crowds of these unfledged warriors held the rank of
bimbashi, caimacani, and even mir-allai, and drew both the
pay and rations of their grades. At one fell swoop Namik
Pacha has annihilated this whole army of parasites, sending
the chibouquejees and cavgees back to their pipestricks and
ffingana the boys to whatever they are fit for, and the sons
to the proper charges of their fathers. It is reckoned that
no fewer than a thousand " officers" have been thus at once
got rid of. Besides this important elimiusaion, the rm.
merons body of officers, native and foreign, who are not
engaged in active service, are to be at once placed on
half-pay, without ration'', the latter being allowed only
to those of them who have been twenty years on the
muster-rolls of the army. Similar weeding is to take place
smarms' the civil employes of the department, which will
result in the clearance off of several hundreds of useless
kiatas and other subordinate minecurista. In addition to
these wholesome changes, the new minister has already
abolished the system of sfsimar, or "recommendations," by
which the most worthless of the classes of officers above re-
ferred to passed ►t once over the heads of the most de-
serving who did not happen to possess the vicious influence
by which these passports to promotion were obtained. The
whole system of contracts is also to undergo the most ra-
dical changer, after the accomplishment of which such jobs
as public rumour lays to the joint account of Mr. Falange
and the late bead of the department will, it is hoped, be no
longer possible.
Besides these important reforms in the central adminis-
tration—the total of which wall, it is reckoned, effect a
saving of 3:1,000,000p. a year--confidential commissioners
are to be sent to the headquarters of the various corps
dames, to ascertain by direct comparison of the regimental
mister-rolls with the men actually um& r arms, the exact
effective strength of each regiment, division, and corps
d'arasle. In those of Irak and Arebisten, enormous dis-
crepancies between the late seraskier's returns to the Grand
Council and the force positively under arms in these two
corps, are expected to be discovered. In both of them the
actual will, it is believed, be found to be short of the
nominal strength by fully one-third. Such are a few of the
wholesome reforms inaugurated by the new minister.
Others of hardly less importaute are is contemplation ; to
these we shall refer in an early number.