The Northern Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1853-11-02 00:00:00

emancipators. Never before was the language

LORD BYRON—so often reechoed by the Irish
" stump-orator "—more appropriately applied--

" Hereditary bondsmen, know ye not
Who must be free, himself must strike the blow ?"

There is, unfortunately, amongst the class we
speak of, too great a dependence placed upon
extraneous aid. Were they only in possession
of that necessary virtue, self-reliance, their own
characters would become more elevated—their
tastes more cultivated—their homes more healthy
—and the philanthropist would be no longer
under tho necessity of devising and completing
schemes for their advantage.

EVERYONE is interested in the price of necessary
food ; and all reasonable persons are willing to
pay for such a fair price, having respect to the
cost of production, and a reasonable profit to the
grower. But when, by some factitious manoeuvre,
an artificial price is created to these articles
—a price exorbitant and unreasonable—we than
feel that we have just cause to complain, and we
look about for the agencies producing the mischief.
The country is just now passing through such a
period of artificial and extortionate prices upon
the articles of food ; and we hesitate not to say,

that the heartless cormorants who have perpetrated
the mischief, deserve the execration of mankind.
The farmers and growers are not the parties
in fault ; for they are not to blame in getting the
best price they can in the market for their commo-
dities. But we are to look, first, to the heartless
despots of Eastern Europe, who, for seven months,
have kept up the clamour of war; and then,
secondly, to the English and French capital-
ists, who, taking advantage of this war-clamour,

rnE NORTHERN

have in combination turned out speculators by

bir engrossed t

ie corn,

as to become, temporarily, tile arbiters of
With this power in their hands, they have

turned t

;revs without conscience or com-

punction, and have brought Wheat up to 7s. the.
quarter higher than it was in the corresponding

6, when famine was at' the door, and

i people were on the verge of the grave by
Now we assume as fact, that there is

starvation

.ot the

lightest danger of famine the coming

year: Even in 1847, when the speculators en-
grossed the'corn-trade as now, and after they had
put on . the ;screw at high-pressure, raising Wheat
to the enormous price of 102 s. sd. the quarter, by
May-day it fell more than one-half in price, viz.,
525. 11d.; in four short months thereafter, and
before the new crop had come into market—fell,
aye.! to the total destruction of the holders, and to

such a commercial derangement throughout the
kingdom as had not been witnessed for thirty
When the bubble had burst, it was found
3 stocks of Wheat and Flour, in the Ware
louses of England and Franee,

hat the

enormous

Ind that, in fact, there had at no time been any
Scarcity. The history of such like panics, if they

do not sery

" To point a moral, or adorn a tale,"

at' least should be noted as way-marks, or rather
as beacons, to warn us from destruction's coast.

If the famine of 1847 was an artificial one as to
England, tenfold more so is the one foreshadowed
for the coming year. At the former-named period,
the worst potatoe - blight ever experienced in
Europe had almost annihilated that esculent.
Not in Britain only, but throughout the continent,

the loss was almost total. Previous to that time

Ireland had depended upon that root as the prilici

1 food of her. common people ; hence, its total

failure cast forth 4,000,000 paupers upon the

street

To relieve this appalling starvation, England
let loose .froin the Consolidated fund X 9,000,000
of distress reaching the

of money ; and the cry

a shores, a handsome s response came from
the United States for Irish relief. But these im-
mense sums of money, brought into market to
buy corn withal, served to enhance the price thereof,
and hurry on the crisis. Add to the failure of
potatoes, the sad falling-off in the grain crop, that
year, throughout Ireland, and you will have a
vital element of want for the whole kingdom.
The " land of the shamrock " is the granary of
Britain, and if that granary fail, great is the

distress of the people.
t, how altered is the position of affairs now,
of 1847? This year, potatoes came in
shout Europe ; and it is astonishing to
) has never figured upon the subject, to be
old the immense saving of bread-corn by the use

1 throug

of this radical esculent. The fact is, this year,
Ireland, instead of requiring millions to save her
from starvation, will export millions of surplus

products to England.,

Another consideration to be named in favour of
an adequate supply of bread, is the economy prac-
tised in Scotland and Ireland, as to consumption,
in times of scarcity. We say nothing of English-
men on this head, who will have their white loaf,
make [or break, sink or swim ; but in Ireland,
Scotland, and all the small Northern Islands,
where the price of corn is high, oat and barley

meals are the only grains consumed. This
lengthens out the wheat crop for sale most essen-
tially. Be it, then, that there is some deficiency in
the harvest of England, France, Italy, &c.; yet there

are redeeming features even here. The crops in the
German and Scandinavian States are very fair; and

the speculators have not exhausted them. But we
look that the
~United States. of America and Upper
Canada do much in this emergency. The crors
there this year are highly satisfactory ; and the
capability of that country to flood England with
grain, if the price warrant it, cannot be ques-
tioned.

Since 1847, the means of supply in that vast
untry have doubled. Not only have thirtymil-

lion:of acres of land been subjugated to the plough,
which were then a forest, but the facilities of tran-
sport, both internal and transatlantic, have been
quadrupled. If the present prices centime, we
shall see, between this and July next, such trrivals
of flour and grain from the West, as have never
been witnessed before. In 1847, the United States
sent us something short of 2,000,000 quarters; but
unless prices decline, they will send muchnaore this
year. It is, however, our most earnest hope, that the
alarm of war may blow over ; and then the corn
speculators will be.placed where they night to be ;
the prices will *so decline, that the wolers can live
on their wages—strikes will cease as I natural con-
sequence—and social and commercial prosperity
will crown the year with plenty.

The United States mail steamer " Baltic," sails
r New York this day with the usual mgils and passengers.

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.—fast night,
the first of a course of lectures to the numbers of the Young
Men's-Christian Association, Manchesbr, was delivered in
the Corn Exchange. by the Rev. Hugl Stowell, Hon. Canon
of Chester. The subject of the lecture was " The Love of
Pleasure."

RENEWAL OF LICENSE TO THE QUEEN'S THEATRE.—
Yesterday, at the Manchester City Police Court, the license
for the performance of plays at tilt(' Queen's Theatre, was
renewed for twelve months. Mr. Beswick, chief superin-
tendent of police, having spoken favourably of the conduct

of the theatre during the Past twelve months, the application
was merely a matter of form.

MEETING OF HAIR-DRESSERS' ASSISTANTS.—A meet-
of the hair-dressers' assistants was held last night, in their
rooms, Cases-street, Mr. Carlish occupied the chair. Mr.
Astley, of Bold-street, attended on the part of the employers.
The following resolution was proposed by Mr. Roberts and
carried unanimously :—" That this meeting adjourr, and
that an appeal should be made to the employers, to sry the
experiment of closing at half-past seven for all the vorking
evoninge in the week, except Saturday, and then at nine
. „

LIVERPOOL PHILHARMONIC SOCIETY.—The seventh
subscription concert of this society, took place laFt night,
bid was attended by a crowded and fashionable sudience.
The performances consisted of the exquisite music of
Mendelsohn's" First Walfrings Night," and an admirable

selection of the noble old glee an Madrigal melody •of
England. The principal vocalists were Mr. Endersohn,
Mr. Lockey, Mr. Stubbs, and Mr. Retry Phillips.
Mr. I. L. Hermann was the conductor. Tle performances
commenced at a quarter to eight o'clock, aid up to closing,
"-tened to with the most umninglei gratification by

the audience

VISIT Or HER MAJESTY AND PRINiE ALBERT TO THE
CRYSTAL PALACE, SYDENHAM. SlOTtly before eleven
o'clock yesterday morning, her Ma ,sty, his Royal High-
ness Prince Albert, the Prince of V ales, and the juvenile
members of tho Royal Family, acOmpanied by the King of
the Belgians, and the Duke did Duchess of Brabant,
attended by their suite, left Windsor Castle in a special
•i the South Western railway, en route for Syden-
arriving at the station in the Wandsworth-
)yal party were received by the railway officials
under a splendid marque!. Several royal carriages were

road, the

i-up to the station, and the dislinguishedvisitors
them, proceeded at once to Sydenham,
red by Mr. Laing, M.P., Sir J.
e principal directors of the
It wad the intention of the Royal party to
Veral haws in the Exhibition.

having entered
where her Majest

Paxton, Mr. 'Gro'ire. and ti

uompany
spend

WAG'. ER CASE .—LIIMLEY V. GYE .-Th e
;e ofLumley v. Gye is still pending, and will be
ie sittings after the ensuing Michaelmas Term.
tin against Mr. Gye for inducing, as is asserted,
Miss Johodna Wagner, the celebrated German artiste, to
break he alleged contract with Mr Lumley, who lays his
aat no less a sum than £30,000. The principal
as, including Miss Wagner herself, being beyond the
regular jurisdiction of the English Courts, a commission has
been issued to take their evidence at Berlin, where their
examination and cross-examination will be conducted by
English counsel, through the medium of a sworn interpreter.
Mr. Hayward, Queen's Counsel, has been named sole com-
missioner, and will discharge, pro tante, the duties of a judge
at a nisi prius trial. The commission is to bo opened at
Berlin on the 7th inst,

damag

)AILY TIMES.

The follhwing was published with a portion of
our impression of yesterday.]
ANOTHER RIOT AT WIGAN.
. (FROM OUR- OWN,,RE PORTER.)

WIGAN, TUESDAY MORNING

Last night a mob of about
,300 men and boys
attacked the Saw Mill at" Lord Crawford's Colliery,
New Springs, Aspull, and - were fired on. It is
believed two of thein are' wounded, but none of the
rioters were left on the ground. The Saw Mill is -a
large building where the joinering, smith-work, and
wagon making required for the Colliery is done, and
about 120 Welsh Colliers ( " knobsticks," as they
are here sometimes called,) are at present lodging
in it. It is about two miles from the centre of the
town. It is said, that yesterday afternoon the
authorities received an intimation that an attack
upOn'the place was meditated, and that threats had
been used by turn-out colliers to the effect, that they
would have the Welshmen's blood that night; and
Mr. Peace, manager of the colliery, was warned.
About Six o'clock the mob came to the Saw-mill,
from the direction of Wigan, armed with sticks,
and making a great noise. Inspector Gillet and ten
county policemen and Mr. Peace and half-a-dozen of
his men tried to prevent the rioters coming through
the gate leading into the Saw-mill yard, but after
standing a shower of stones for some minutes, they
retreated to the Saw-mill, and the mob then broke
through the gates, and advanced about sixty yards to
where a large fire was burning ; this gave forth a
bright light, a thing they did not appear to want,
therefore they threw it over. A shot was then fired at
them from the Saw-mill, and they retreated to the gate;
but rallied and returned to within a few yards of the
building. Four shots were then fired at them, and
they retreated and ran towards Wigan. Two men
are said to be wounded, one in the face, and another
in the leg. It is said one had to be carried away.
The military were sent for from Wigan, but when
they arrived, all was peaceable. Thirty soldiers, and
Mr. Acton, county magistrate, remained at the
Saw Mill .all night, but the rest of the troops
were marched back to Wigan. Two additional troops
of the 34th regiment of infantry were telegraphed for
from Preston, and arrived at 10 o'clock, and at 2
o'clock this morning a troop of cavalry came from
Manchester, having been sent for. The troops are
quartered at the new Public Hall. •

Scholes (inhabited by colliers and factory people,)
was much excited, when the report of the attack and
firing spread through the town, but towards half-past
9 the streets became less thronged, and by 10 o'clock
few were to be seen out of doors. All is now quiet.
About one o'clock on Sunday morning, the houses
of five " knobsticks " (labourers who have gone to
work in coal-pits belonging to Lord Crawford) were
attacked by about fifty men with blackened faces, and
the windows were smashed, but nothing further done.
These houses are at Blackrod, 32 miles from Wigan,
and they are the property of his lordship.

FURTHER PARTICULARS

WIGAN, Tuesday evening

This morning I forwarded you the particulars
of an attack, which was made last night, on the
Saw Mill, at the Earl of Crawford and. Balcarres's
Colliery at New Springs.
It cannot be distinctly ascertained how many
of the rioters were wounded, when they were fired
upon from the Saw Mill, but there is every
reason to believe that five of them received injuries,
more or less severe. One of them was so much
hurt, that his comrades were seen carrying him
away when retreating, and there are drops of
blood in the Saw Mill yard. Of course the
wounded rioters have great cause to keep their

mishap a secret.
There are now nearly 350 soldiers in Wigan,
and at the saw-mill, the 50 of a guard still remains
there.

A mounted-messenger, named James Johnson,.
employed by the authorities, was fired at as he
was
:riding through Scholes, but was not injured.
Between 11 and 12 o'clock last night a crowd of
about 100 persons congregated near the church
gates. Wallgate. and about fifty yards from the
market, and they shouted and became disor-
derly. Information of this was immediately con-
veyed to the Public Hall, and the mayor, with Mr.
H. Woods and M. Evans, borough-magistrates,
set forth, accompanied by policemen and special
constables, to the number of about twenty; but
the crowd had dispersed when they got to Wallgate.
After assuring themselves that the streets were all
in a peaceable state, the authorities ordered back
their force to the Public Hall.

Nothing further of moment occurred during the
night.

To-day, the principal streets of the town were
much thronged, especially the Market Place, but
this cannot be much wondered at, when it is re-
membered that there are many thousand turn-outs,
and that the municipal election was proceeding.
The Town Hall, which is in the centre of the
Market Place, was the polling booth for Swinley
Ward, where the closest contest in the borough was
carried on ; and it was surrounded by a large num-
ber of perspns. The least movement caused a
crowd to collect, so great is the excitement in the
borough. Scholes was also much thronged by
groups of colliers and other persons, but no dis-
turbance was created. Throughout the town,
scouts are placed by the authorities, and at short
intervals they send reports to the Public Hall, as
to the state of their respective districts. The
Mayor and Magistrates are thus kept in possession
of a knowledge of the state of all parts of the

borough

This morning, two-thirds of the colliers (150)
employed at Bickershaw Colliery, belonging to
Messrs. Ackers, Whitley, and Co., resumed work at
the prices upon which they turned out, and this
has excited strong feelings amongst the colliers
who are still on strike, and who threatened to pull
the works on the surface down at night. The Col-
liery is situated in the township of Abram, midway
between Wigan and Leigh, being about 32 miles
from each place. • The colliery was guarded last
night by officers of the county constabulary, under
the command of Mr. Superintendent Fowler, of the
Leigh division. At the time of my despatch leav-
ing Wigan no outbreak had been reported at the
Public Hall. All was peaceable in the town.
The following notice has just been posted on
the walls of the town :
" NOTICE AND CAUTION.

" Notice is hereby given, that in consequence of the
riotous proceedings and felonious acts which have been re-
cently committed in Wigan and the neighbourhood, her
Majesty's Justices of the Peace, actin& in, and for, the
borough of Wigan, and the surrounding district of the
county of Lancaster, deem it necessary, for the preservation
of the peace, to prevent, and they have determined to pre-
vent or disperse, all processions and meetings, or assemblies
in numbers.

" All persons are therefore cautioned against attending or
taking part in any such proceedings; and all persons who
shall, after the issue of this notice and caution, attend or take
part in any such processions or public meetings, or large as-
semblies, will be apprehended and dealt with according to law.
" BY ORDER OF THE MAGISTRATES,
" ISt November, 1853."

LIVERPOOL BANKRUPTCY COURT.-

YESTERDAY

(Before Mr. Commissioner Perry.)
In Re TYilliarn Tweddle.

The bankrupt is a soap-boiler, and carried on business
in Cherry-lane, and this day his son was examined at
considerable length by Mr. Pemberton,: but nothing im-
portant was elicited.—Further adjourned.

In Re Patrick Drum

The bankrupt carried on business as a glass-bottle dealer,
in, Hanover-street, and his bankruptcy was declared in
November, 1849. He came up for his certificate this day.
It appeared that at the time his failure was about to occur,
he advanced £lB3 to relieve his father who resides in
Dublin, from some difficulties ; but this sum the father will
not pay, in consequence of alleged inability. Mr. Yates,
junr., who appeared for the assignees, said that this transac-
tion between the father and son was a fraudulent one, and
the father, though he alleged the contrary, was still
in a position to pay the money, and would be compelled to
do so.

His HONOR thought that there was no ground for further
suspension, he could not allow more than a third class

erti fic ate.

FROM OUR LONDON CORRESPONDENT

LONDON, TUEsitDAY EVENING.
The telegraphic news from Vienna, both last night
and this morning, is of the highest importance.
There is no longer any doubt that a considerable
detachment, if not an entire moiety of the Turkish
army have crossed the Danube, and by this time
an encounter has taken place with the Russians.
The Turks appear to have crossed on the 27th,
and a battle was expected on the 28th. They do
not appear to 'have been molested in the act of
crossing, from which it is inferred that the
Russian commander feels confidence in the
successful issue of the contest. Further news
is loOked for here with the greatest anxiety, but
more is expected before to-Morrow. In the mean-
time some parties affect to doubt the authenticity
of that now received. They are however wrong.
It is stated that a special ambassador is to be sent
to the Porte, but I cannot trace, the rumour to
any better foundation than a report which pre-
vailed yesterday upon the Bourse at Paris.

REV. H. S. BROWN'S LECTURES.

• The Rev. H. S. Brown delivered the first of a series of
lectures upon the Religions of the East, at the Concert-hall
last night. The attendance was exceedingly numerous.
The first lecture referred to the religions of China, and the
philosophy of Confucius.

After a- brief description of the civil institutions and social
habits of. the Chinese, the Rev. Mr. Brown proceeded to
describe their system of education. It consisted simply in
what were called the sacred classics, and woe to the student
who dared to breathe one syllable that might, in any
respect, seem to contradict., or to go beyond the teachings
of Confucius. To be able to read, to have obtained some
tolerably incorrect notions of the geography of their own
country, and to be convinced that no other nation in the
world was equal to theirs, all the others being barbarians
and devils, and to be able to hold some babbling toner-
. sation upon the opinions c f their philosopher, constituted
learning amongst the Chinese. The great object of all
schools there, was simply to instruct the people to read their
own language, in order that they might read the sacred
classics, and learn from them the great principle of absolute
submission to the government, upon which the whole fabric
of Chinese despotism stood. It was an exact illustration of
the words of Pope.—" a little learning- is a dangerous
thing, "—for it was the knowledge which puffeth up, not
the knowledge which edifies. They took care of the minds
of their youths, as they took care of the feet of their young
children—they cramped both. (Applause.) He knew of
nothing with which the original essays composed by their
scholars could be compared, except the majority of the
orthodox sermons in England, than which, nothing could be
more stupid and uninteresting, or less on al. (Loud
laughter, and applause.) The Reverend lecturer then
proceeded to describe the religions of China. The prin-
cipal religion was that of Confucius, who seemed to
have been born about 550 years before Christ. It
was difficult to say, whether he should be re-
garded simply as a philosopher, or as a philosopher and
theologian. Confucius did not venture to introduce his
principles as anything new, for, if he had done so, they
would never be received, but he represented them as the
revival or restoration of the principles of government and
religion which existed in a fabulous golden age of Chinese
history. By this means they were received. They were
contained in what were called the sacred classics. These
sacred clasSics were nine in number, four books, and five
canonical works. The four books contained the principles
of government of Confucius and some of his views with re-
gard to religion. The first canonical book contained a col-
lection of sacred songs, which might compare in antiquity,
although in nothing else, with the psalms of David. The
second contained some political works. The third was called
the book of rites and ceremonies, and was said to contain no
fewer than 3,000 rites and ceremonies, which regulated the
whole course of Chinese manners and behaviour, from the
presentation of the most solemn sacrifices down to the most
paltry poihts of etiquette, The next was Confucius's his-
tory of his own times. The last was a very singular and
wholly unintelligible work, containing a mystical system of
the universe, which was of little importance to us, except
that it seemed to indicate the pantheistic tendency of the
Confucian philosophy. In some portions of these works
would be found many sound axioms and admirable moral i
principles. There were also several sound political axioms,
amongst which the lecturer quoted—" He who gains the
hearts of the people gains the throne, and he who loses the
hearts of the people loses the throne"—" How is the man
to serve his prince, who, when out o f office is only anxious
to get back to it, and when in office is only desirous to keep
it." (Applause and laughter.) The lecturer also quoted
some of their proverbs, one of which, he observed, would
uyyly v.x y Laub iu nngicLuti-e t The Ulan lit boots does
not know the man in shoes"—(great laughter)—and another
which, he remarked, might be heard with advantage by
most persons—" Let every man sweep the snow from his own
door, and not busy himself about the frost on his neighbour's
tiles. (Applause.) Some of these maxims were not so ad-
mirable, for they inculcated the system of private venge-
ance, and other equally objectionable doctrines. The lec-
turer impressed upon his hearers, that the Chinese were by
no means a religious people, and were as indifferent as any
race in the world to man's state in a future existence. Con-
fucius seemed himself to have been all at sea regardinc, reli-
gion—in fact, religion with him seemed to consist chiefly in
submission to Government, and he did not even state clearly
whether he believed in the Sublime Being at all, but com-
manded his disciples to worship all the elements and pheno-
mena of nature. The lecturer expressed a strong doubt
whether the movers of the present revolution in China would
be able to. overthrow the tenets of Confucius in a few months,
which had been so firmly established in the minds of the
Chinese nation. No man who ever lived had been so revered
as the Chinese philosopher. For two thousand years he had
been revered as the very personification of wisdom—for two
thousand years, no matter who might be seated upon the
throne, no matter what.the name of the yellow-lobed son
of Heaven who held the sceptre—Confucius had been virtu-
ally the ruler of upwards of 300 millions of people; and he
was still as much revered as ever, and sacrifices still pre-
sented to his departed shade. (Applause.) The lecturer
then briefly described the nature of Buddhism, and other
sects which had been introduced into China, and concluded
by announcing that, in his next lecture, he would take a
survey of the origin and progress of the present Chinese
revolution, with a glance at its possible result. During the
lecture, the rev. gentleman gave several humorous descrip-
tions of Chinese and Tartar superstitions, ceremonies, and
medical systems, which were received with laughter. At
the conclusion he was warmly applauded.

MURDER OF A POLICEMAN IN CAVENDISH-

STREET

About a quarter before two o'clock, yesterday. afternoon,
a great crowd of persons assembled about a public-house in
Edgar-street, to which it is said that two or three of the
voters at the municipal 'elections had retired. The parties
inside seemed anxious to get away, but the rough crowd
outside insisted upon getting money from them before they
shonld be allowed to pass.
Police-officer, 95, who was at the time on duty in Mary-
bone, came up just at this moment, and perceived the crowd,
which shortly afterwards took the direction of Cavendish-
street, and in that street he first saw the deceased man,
police-officer, 732, whose name is Richard Sunderland. He
seemed to be remonstrating with some person in the crowd,
and in a few minutes after the officer saw him clap his hand
upon his groin and then fall down. When next he saw
him he was a: corpse in Rose-hill dispensary. He was re-
moved there about two o'clock, and died about five minutes
afterwards.

From information received by the police he very soon
after this arrested a young man about 18 years of age,
named Thomas Copeland, who, it appears, was seen by more
than one witness, deliberately to raise his hand (in which he
held a knife) and stab the officer in the groin. The wound
divides the fem oraljartery,and proved fatal almost immediately,
from bleeding.
The unfortunate officer was a man of tha mildest
disposition, so much so, that it was contemplated by
by-his superiors to remove aim to some less rough neighbour-
hood than that where his beat was. lie has left a widow
and five children to mourn his untimely fate.

The alleged imurderer, Copeland, is aj well-known thief,
and one of the most desperate characters in Liverpool,
having been previously convicted of stabbing. He will be
brought before the magistrates this morning.

STATE OF TRADE, MANCHESTER. TUESDAY

Our market has been quiet to-day,-and in yarns, particu-
larly so. Some spinners who are now out of contract
are anxious sellers and prices are in some instances lower than
last Tuesday.

In all export yarns, there is little doing, and bundle yarn
is cheaper than cob, so that many spinners are declining
bundle orders. India and China yarns are difficult of sale,
except at very low prices. For India 50s. 100. perpound, is
now the quotation.

Yarns for home trade consumption are accumulating in
consequence of the decreased demand, on account of the
strikes in the manufacturing district around Manchester.
All in cob are lower than this day week, 325. twist in par-
ticular, is much depressed. Producers at this number, aro
anxious sellers, _ _

The yarns are in some instances quoted id. to 2d. per
bound down since last week. Very few orders given out
however. Doubled yarns are depressed with very little en-
quiry.
•

GLASGOW MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS. - Tuesday, the
municipal elections throughout the various wards of the
city are taking place to-day, but are causing very little
interest, politics having now very little to do with contests
for civic honors. Almost all of the former members of
council who are candidates, will be re-elected.