The Express.
London, England, 1850-09-11 00:00:00

Vie enweiSlS.

OUTGOING MAIL&
The Mai it WIWI MN* AMMO% Bonewle, sad the
Vetted Skim w be mode sp es Ste swabs al
13 tie Palk Mai Toast " Ifterra."
no .s kr Likes, Salk ail ibilalke win be made
we se B.pt 17.
The sails is, Hoven* ikederse, Mesa, head,
Chill, sad Nrs,will b. Nude sp ektbeasselog ei Sept 17.
Tie Wow leak Nails, aelediapikisierse, Mesa, Hr
weak sail Jaskol (St Deldep), ski labeling Voss •
sow* Now Osaka, ski Step Tam (Wes. de Nisszassa)
ski be nada ap ea Use wheselsailsvismbar 17 - - -
The mils kr Mesita. Meks, Omer, the Leas
Calm, Lod* sal aka& Illeatheets=
re= se se the eseretieg el Sege. 20.
TM m Si,ie Masellise, OD SS Xedimerseess, Egy
Oaks, Taft. Beeraseg, al la amide op .nth
Oman aleph
Tbe masks 11•680 will be sada sp se Oakes 1.
The mils kr Madam Ow Base* and Bask Ayres, will
M ad. op IS the mods( Oa. 4.

VAT= AT 1141100111 IIIIID•16
Two ...141a......... Y 1..... .1. TWA
We S. Iffs. 1.11~0.1b. Wm

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, BEPTIMBER 11.

No doubt Can rest on the mind of any one, whose
attention is equally directed to the ends of economy
and of tho public service, that the greet embassies
might to be redneed to the rank of missives. There
needs no yrs:eget proof of this than the conduct of
ene of the shrewdest governor eta of Enrope, the
Realm which has universally adopted this measure.
And it has done so, evidently not so much from
motives of economy, as from the inevletion that
envoys of less dignity than their old princely and aris-
tocratic ones are required in the present state of
&rope.
When Lord Pstniurrow was asked whether Ros-
sini indeenee at Grostantinople had diminished, in
seseeqsancre of the Russian envoy being of less dig-
nity, his lordship replied, that floosies power of
pressing upon Turkey was such, that it became a
matter of indifference what the rank of its represen-
tative was.
Another question, equally pointed, was pat, es to
whether the functions of an nabs/soder, formerly
tasked in procuring it.formation and obtaining in-
flames amooget courtiers and nobles of his own rank,
were net Dow superseded by publicity, and by that dis-
semination both of knowledge and of Whence
amesiget a large class, instead of their nmainieg
limited to a restricted few. His lordship seemed to
think that espendituret and hospitality, and social
rank were as memory in this new state of things
and duties uis the old.
The Reggae government is evidently of a contrary
42jako. Real It seems to think of minor importance
ti it, ail,!omatists; and expenditure on either show
or hospitality' rzllear. And yet the influence of Rue-
Man Adman," never was so great or so manifest as,
It has been of late upon stettimen, upon political mea-
eest and upon the public press of other countries,
especially upon those of England sad of France.
Hitherto it was our privilege to be quits independ-
ent of foreign influence. Public opinton amongst
es
was generally oonsidered so honest, and sturdy,
and independent, that any attempt on the poet of
Sledge powers to influence it was scouted as a thing
Impoesible. Bat within these two or three years the
ease has &lured, and it is clear as woodsy to the most
Genial observer how meets the conduct, the
ees, and political movements of men of the
highest parliamentary eminence have been influenced
by hints, suggestions, and schemes, which could
emanate from no other source than from the diplo.
matte Chanceries of Austria and Russia,

If the noble chiefs of our aristocratic parties have
ben thee made the tools of foreign intrigue, it
✓ not to be wondered at that the press should
Nave felt their influence. And this bantam
Ye not only been exerted, bat obeyed,
and acted upon with the most perfect success.
Although no one can be more jealous or more wide
awake to the independence of the welter who eaters
b kis information on domestic matters, your English
reader will swallow any amount or kind of foreign
intelligence, be it drawn from the meet corrupt and
servile sources. Every day we see columns filled, in
the most influential papers, with matter which could
only be bled out, or syphoned, from the ceespocla of
the foreign police. And yet your Englishman will
swallow this, as he might a draught pure from He-
licon.

Now we by no means recommend English diploma-
tists to imitate the mean nod underhand ways of
Assign diplomatists. Rut it is well to note that the
notion of diplomacy has come to be sieroised alto-
gether in tar lower regions than used to be the case.
Despotic courts and military governments have in
fact turned their attention to influencing and guiding
that public opinion which is, after all, sovereign in free
and constitutional countries. They no longer cajole
royal nfstresere, or creep up back stairs at court;
their emissaries seek on the contrary the corridors of
parliament, and the saloons of clubs. And they get
possesnion of what ts accredited at the national press,
sot perhaps by the old common made of actual
bribery, but the more delicate and insidious mode of
personal attention and exclusive information.
Now, if such are to be the new ends and func-
tions of diplomacy, we think it perfectly wise in go.
vernment to refuse princely rank or princely revenue
limb agents. What is required in them is evi-
dently no longer to be representatives of one sore-
reign at the oust of another, but the correspondent
of a government to collect information sad obtain
eirendancy at the court of that modern potentate,
publics opinion, in free countries.
Year old nobles and courtiers are quite unfit for
this. Count Arroxy would not know how to set
about it, nor Prince Onion; nor would any of our
dukes, earls, or viscounts be at all the man to man-
age it. An income of 10,0001. and a cordon bier in
the kitchen are not needed to compass snob ends.
We are far indeed from pretending that our diplo-
stray can be rendered subservient to them, or that
the same system which has been followed for a time
an continuo with any success. The public will soon
learn to scent out foreign inflame, and will know
how to fling the merited slur and discredit upon it.
But nevertheless the fact will exist, that diplomacy
will henceforth have to work and to barrow in much
lower strata of moiety than hitherto has been its
duty and its wont. And the dandy will Demme as
useless in the inferior grades, as the magnate in the
higher ones of the diplomatic lorries.
This will, no doubt, prove a bardshipand a kind of
revolution to the thin generation of di twatiota.at
lent to ours. They have been bred to to coons
as the centre of power, and to the aristoeretio and
esassrvative parties meths only inasendel owe worth
sbadylan and oraelliatiag. And we tsar that those
who want sagacity and independents, enough
be shake dr the traditions of this school will be
very melees in the Mars date and relations of
amp& lesenertions have. indeed. been pat
down end popular parties silenced. Bat missy and
stlainietrative conater-revoletione have been
sore destructive tithe old aristeerease than
revolution itselL The sepia& of Bergs, mifiat'
frankly adopt ocestitatienal will be no-
thing bat cusps; and whoa de eons recd, as
they most, to some kind of easproesise with the
Mrard popular ideas. that pablie opinion will
7o be dealt with, and studied, and conciliated,
which we see even the 'genteel the *AZ latter and
make um of with ore.

esti Leesburg,
levied en some 1

Amos, Ist Mims
alms those yi&

sad aid) IA
is =oilier part

Aceerahili to
have aeseee, the

is &bast 17,

Ova merchants trading to the Elbe and the Baltic
am to be the first among as who are to be toaght the
conasqueners cl that unwise and aadigaifisd policy
whist+ km thrown the weight of Berland into the
sells of Ramis, as opposed to the nationality of
North °mammy in the Dochise of Schleswig and
Hoisteia. An interim law was promulgated at Co-
peabsgea oa the 46th of lost swath, essalisiog the
suidmon dative of Denmark and Schleswig, and Ind-
=lthat this is only the fret step toward' the
diom of ow common sys•ma of duties and
dossiers fir Denmark and the duchies.
Hitherto the Danish provinces sod the German
Mt.:subjeet to the crown of Denmark hare
rely distinct sod fadepaideat ensues sets-
bliaments, fed kayo had their eWee trades
riaeillea massfdar pea Mm-
=Opposie. marli bre of puniest a re-
strictive policy in the vain km. of oresting rad
amintainieg muskets/es la a essatry to whisk no-
tare has denied both cal and wster-pewer.
tariff common to the duchies bosom the coatrmy,
been extremely ssedwate in its rates of ditty. The
tmiff impoesd by the new regulatisas (whisk came
into operation ea the let ism) on Denmark and Sable*.
wig. sad to be Waded an son as paiellde is Holstein

irstriblrarti-shimi
aeon cif the Ambles k
hit it bas rather mere than a ___
nrsiliCt
benne tithe Dori prernmes sr* mem
OM dime ef 111relashies, bat it asy be 47
tined nhellisphar iamb, as it stern,,
boo and is almost Grey
Mat peat men), and iel (misisedy the
est minis, sad ghosted at the epithet tlivoi-
nol-whish mmarets the Bailie with the-
Nee& Sea), are not for the prism of Oar taltiolii ms
as all the Danish limbos** tensi. Is
11113ketitasi naraber of vessels of all six ng
es Illsoging
the Danish ports was 1,663 ; their aggresses
03,376 toes. The number of vessels of all liiss:t
keen to the ports of Schleswig-Holstein wee
their eggr!gate teenage 61,607. The saillisnot 16.1
Whams in the deehiss owned within a Mae as
Mgt a ton OS the million and a half ishablinats
of Deems*
roper.
Under the protective Danish tariff oar setton
mansfaetares were subjected to rates of duty
moon. from 331. to 126 rim dollars per 1001bs. lin
Schleswig-Holstein, the range of defies on these
articles woe from 15 to 30 viz dollars. On every 10011.
of pass and asps, or cotton mixed with silk,
250 rim dollars of duty. were charged in Denmark,
only 30 in Schleswig-Holstein. Cambria and
lawns paid 200 tin dollars the 1001ba. in Denmark,
10 7-12 is Schleswig-Holstein. The duties as imported
woollen goods rouged in Denmark from 331 to 126
rix dollar! the 10011 m, in Schleswig-Holstein from

121 to
der 33h.
Un ths now tariff (already in operation in
Schleswig, and threateeed to be extended to Holstein)
• duty of 160 rix dollars the 100 lb. is nbstituted for
125, the old Danish rate on silk and *AV:Ol=d.
and 250, the old Danish rate on plain silks and
velvets; bat the former duty on these articles in the
duchies was only 30 rix dollars. The Danish
duty of 250 rix dollars per 100 lb. on gasses
and crapes is retained, and sabstitatad for the 30
dollars hitherto levied on tem articles in Sehlaswig.
Woollen cloths formerly paid 100 rix dollars per
100 lb. in Denmark, and 33 1.3 in the duchies; they
are now to pay 66 2.3 both in Denmark and Holstein.
Manufactures of wool mixed with silk, or with cotton
and silk, used to be charged 126 rix dollars per 1001 b.
in Denmark, and 30 in Schleswig; they are now to
be 494;0 160 riz dollars in both.
Under the reasonable duties levied in tits bellies,
the ibliabitants so prospered that their tale wag
nearly equal to that of the Danes, crippled by the
strictivs policy of their government, though the popu-
lation of the duchies only amounted to about two-
thirds of that of Denmark Proper, and the superficial
extent of the former to little more than one-half of
that of the latter. Tits first use made by the Danish
government of the increased authority over its Ger-
man provinces which tits English goverinsset has
bean aiding to confer upon it, has been to subjset the
duchies to the paralysing iciluecce of the same mis-
taken commercial policy which has retarded the pro-
gress of Denmark. Henceforth the Deohies will be I
less able to pure:hams from Great Britain, and higher
rates of costonts duties will impede the aeons of Bri-
tish goods to this deteriorated market.
Had the German nationality of the duchies been
respected and upheld, one of two things must have
happened with regard to their commercial policy.
Either they would have continued as hitherto, in
imitation of Hamburg, to stand aloof from the Zoll-
verein and levy only light duties upon imports ; or
they would have joined the Z311•01e111 and strength-
ened by their scansion the free trade party in that
body. Had they punned the former course the advan-
tage to this country would have been immediate ;
had they punned the latter the advantage would have
been only prospective but almost equally certain, and
much wider in the extant of the benefit it contend.
But as matters now stead ese of the duchies has been
already plunged into a Danish protectionist customs
tinkle, and liolateia is tottering on the brink of the
gulf.
These are the first-fruits of the suicidal policy of
English diplomacy with reforest* to Denmark and
the duchies.

Out countrymen north of the Tweed have two
rather popular works entitled " Scotch Worthies,"
and " The Cloud of Witnesses." They are taartyro-
logics of the Scottish kirk; the collected biographies
of the presbyterial' martyrs who suffered is the days
of rds- permeation under Lao, DOUGLAS, and
DUIMS. These works have done more, primps,
than 'vain else to keep alive the sturdy presbyte-
rial' spirit of Scotland. A work of a somewhat simi-
lar character has just been breed to the public by the
Austrian government, and a translation of it is in the
course of publication in Asstries journal, the The...
The The.. entitles the work "The Magyar Bloody
Amin." It purports to contain "eireamstandel, de-
tailed, and duly authenticated lists" of "all the
wretched victims to Magyar terrorism," who," ia 1848 1
sad 1849, were sentenced to death and executed in
Hungary and Transylvania, either by ceder of the
tz. Conuniselommrs, or their tribune/a and °Darle-
ne camber of the mann, according to
the 1t...., is 487, bat as yet only 126 oases have ap-
Much though peared in thrournaL
we are disposed to sympathies with
the victims civil war, under whatever limner they
may be arrayed, we must °mhos that there are
some of these martyred saints of Austria for whose
fate it is not very way to feel the compamico in-
voked in their behalf. Take for example the hero of
the 68th article:

Glider Stank, Jetties of Delon, And musty, was slot far
Avidly with doff Otrotddi tAo forest the of the stoodr,
with latest to kill hod, or Go ha nee Odious bodily
hum

RATNAII, the woman flogger, the Might' of
HATKAU may thiak that a MINIM INM tasted
to the man who only indulged is the ledges
masseneat of hunting a noble lady with age with
latest to kill her. And they who held est death
rt is in all oases, and in every eiremanleass
e, may demo, to its Minim' eves upon
Bram list we doubt whether the sent Arenas=
antagonist of death punishment will• judge very
severely the act of men who inflicted it upon sash a
monster, at the time when men's passions were
goaded to the uttermost in an internecine war against

!LIU; - 14

Cm.
crime of litani was cue which would proba-
bly have boa punished with death is almost 'say
country of Mame or America, even I. a time Of
profess& peace. Aced so are maay of the other mar
truisms ebrasieled in the nom. Farattipm4tegwe
have Gm* Manta =anted " to
strangle one of the isnergeass=strates AMR
XOWATOCH " hamoae of kis sow
raise I" sad " a beWhWa boy' (no time given) "se-
al "
poissiag.
Again, for the pwpato et swelling the Hat, we And
among them ,(alias of "the Main, ormadosirmers,
their tribunals and seams-martial, not few who fell
in &initiates or riots. Amoeg these is the ems of
" two morodows, from the cape of Omura Karr,
killed is October, 1848, by a solo." Two 'waggling
plunderers were slain by the peasantry when they
had webbed and injured when caught in the &et sad
hr this the Magyar tribunals are to be Yid re-
ei. Nay, those tribanabi are bald rumeesibla
;ath of a pris
the m. who
IMO emas " awl N~t elarksa. •
ame4lol of 1111 mankidi is
the Mass et yoMmlay, are these at listmOst spies,
whose em the Milikwy law d the while dol-
lies' wadi is sad Ire bus both. Oaa Who aro of
as Awe abet kr mist away in battle.
Omsk ant dr MN to whisk the Matchin.
Rest bas boss drives to make out statical, g y
list debates to " Magyar terunisco." And,
lag the alaartatar far veracity whisk that goverment
hes earned, it may be doubted wbsthsr malt ere-
doses will be given OTOS toss& issonelmive taw. It
is certainly somewhat mare than sespiciaas, that in
way iastaaess wither the names of the *Rims, ace
their alleged Grimm, nor eves the plea sad time
of their Whiting sae gives. Hero is ass groin
; example
Frew lawman of the distriet cenithetteiwo of AGM
Issaellt_ that am" Amok& Alm, epee.
• rosu7 sa Pall.olll, c
ote Buis Squat WM AIM se
Comm

Fat
Nary.

THE EXPRESS; WEDNESDAY ENTENTE%

hi Marisa the wei
Imes. Toe 4efee by wbiek. She as
Aastriaa employer* seek to divest attention
his bentality is toe transparent to impose
SU • duly& The ibreiss : ie. vastly of
. .

who wadi animate. thit earn at Alit
iturpotallipifUlexpeeare "mss prod* have hod some
thing to do with the , ra2loig, %task on ..41kossi1
Hanuat.-whisk same Teeple aro oe simple as to
believe to •have been amens on the pert of
Mesas. Bsicraw sad Ws draymse. The
Thar has a race wee for a plots it a.osld have made
a foram, is the daps of RICIMIOND, CAITLIN, and
Oman. Its sweaty in entelliag out • esespiraoy
is only weaned by the tillage tent in diessraing
mta's real &motors. evillest is its intimation that
all the wash bat hearty workless who took part in
the Maki& demonstration are ha the habit of
" thrombin their wives with little reason."

awed. Loma. Clem*
1
Her OW* ..-.. - 117 SO SIN V U 17 70 17 U
Isr datu -. ...... NO NO NW NW NW
i Op. Saw lam.. a * . a a
46 re 066*-....... a no is r a
6 per dm..._.......a
Radom, macadam: at isa. Si 11347 •OP 6634,'56 SC "
DWI; S. DSO .... lON issay. Igspisslaatin .. - - Mewl
De. 6. DAS ..... 16•1 II2IIIIM Uri. ISO 7$
De. 6 -....--. - a DM% 674 MO .
Ds. $ - - -
Thom Ikao6 .
Ilids6l6 $ pwOmea. 14 U Disk Mara
Damem-Vommilhe 0.161164 162 SO ; Path NS War* 74.1 ;
Fob NA Boma. 6117 le; NieeMo mod .116 s, Di 76 ; Otraiimay
501ft16.117 MI; dirt eel ‘766 $47 60; Orlon. and BOMIIINS.
MU{ 11W. {N ; Fob mg ;6•6.616; Tom awl Dulls,
666 SL

jt net;
;real,
,epthaphileishe tee •The phai4. sshertbe imam beensayA
Moms, wean heihatine of its he-Meet say
4404year/ere eiwairpthems, by ensesionaM the ediestissi
96 she Wines tamer veserving, lowever&ir.......embsesion
rmsbntee bd4rmdlettd on"W°l4isrt.
designated g a lfrtint oft the sanitation, ud
the BM step to rabelthet. The theme ads, that the
set et the Umber phases thiewhille aissetiteteme to eitertish.
But the shirr, has been eadanwerierM bderit fees
voteless. •TI, Weee itherif
due nos surprise es to no the ministry maims
to wades its ewe guilt to the .plodders of the &paths.
The present frivolous pretense Id, that the existing law is not
saloiset thruide he the insietseaus et stabile eviler how
sensed, to ethane whleh susesediaary Mess/1111 are de-
clared ememary. Ate Sea a 011111111110 the above mentioned
order, commuding tee further collection of the sausgrauted
on the Bth of April, 1849. only for that year, bee been lamed.
Bat dace that law only extended to 1849, it will not avail the
mildewy tow It related tea particular period and its owe
=lllllollllllllali emus be &thirstily treedsered or
7 ed. la 148 ef the coutitutheal sok relating
to taxes mil the consent of the chamber Is ex-
rattly laid Ammar milieleary to the eollehicia sad applies-
*. of Mart which no officer has a right to
solleet, and se it bend to pay. Bat the order of the
4th indent dem eel maths any obtained meths
of the states, IS dem mot *webs correspeeth to
meths 146 el the meetitutiomal act. The dimness son-
Weed la seethe et that document will ass mower the
purpose litho reseemseent hese the moat tithe slasher
mot there the liemeheresese the sedinemse of the
4th his Mime 'lOl.ll/I•Mei this
art le Mena us.
ERsW. ham set le my =
Miami lath he
as
bee the
that dueling hem illst of the emmitetkes, and
Meath en the ehma (
girseeinesat rbiglas wed dispewhilsed to tion
grantJ th IM
e
emu mmeashry twirer the ampanditere Nike state, ft was
Molted. beam II math belle -hp memeableg what these
asesuides were. Aressdin to the mentitatisa a statement
of the reseuess and melds of the state le to be laid before
the chamber early is eves, stados. la order that
the two maybe adjusted he asith other. Bet as the newly
slued dryades owe shied Mireber, so each statement wee
laid White them, the mishear reseeded that he could not
make mesh shiermiles espeseina end thereby
.he luso* the
ground of the eseatiation. It is not surprising toes to see
the Waster resseithim in this way to take sway the con-
stitutional right et the Ired, sad thus peepers the way yet
the esemielle end Meer hesernethe of theamituthe itself.
By whim the feel ellsp he retellien his Wm taken, who has
amiememeithe gmesemdl oedema/ the asemery, we mod not
lsbe le p. but we we imbed, dimly resolved, to
',heti the semethWen eo far se the in etir power. le dam
so we leek whit salthdeaes for the morn of every chime,
bet mph* if Ore who meth be mere spectates, but
have mem is tiehmil the Miniethere if the country. We,
thetersee, melte Yam memihmese of memo will apply for
taxes by amemity at say order ie whisk the pnviouly ob
seined sweat at the esembly is not expewhy alleged ; mad
assure all when it mmosesern, that in me of disregard to
this 1111111■01114 MIME premed to pat is exercise the powers
with which we see ishoned by Ss. 81 of the eonstitutios,
and premise* the ellandiesindividsels.-Bonweausrmsem,
Own. KILLTI1141•1120/131, Hamm, the permaset
oostantat el the Assembly.

OltiLl
tad&

Itmier—reF.

=AL
Mew
Wilt.

ankh&
ban and

1 75
lise

wand
thaw.
10_641

15
11
1011-11
I 5
12

TUMMY.
IdUer frotileonstaktinople des 25th nit states
lbat great ssaantlon b. 4 be.. sassed by the wife of
Idolawn Puha having strangled one of her enonehe,
5.64. by a grum,S=dother servants. She
• been arreoted._ Ala that bylaw she bad
right plumed. She wu formerly
the wife of an' Ee lub Physician named Mellingen,
bat wu divorced from him. It was believed that in
sititenf her high mask she would be condemned.

-IJNITED- STATES:
"•• ° '

•
The folleirias is from owe soresesemiset : _
NBW TONI, Ave. 28,1850.
haw Wirt !titbits a few days' poet that Mr.
tefmanan, `of rawmlv alai% the nowly-appkted
atery of the InWor, haft resigned his c ee, on
lisfe-Sloa of ilt,heahb. It is rather a curious circul-
ate:nee that it has beams quite diffieult to get men
of high taut to aosept °floe at Washington. The sa-
laries are certainly quite inadequate to the support of
the incumbents. but the patronage 1$ very great.
There out be therefore connected with theme refusals
to hold allee a anuiderable degree of honesty. It is
rumoured that Mr. M•Bennan'e resignation has arisen
out of a misunderstanding with Mr. Webster, the bat-
ter gentleman insisting that the appointment of Uni-
ted States Marshal should be metered to his depart-
ment. The reason assigned for this by moms peruse
is, that Mr. Webster wishes to have this patronsge
ander hie control. But there is probably another.
Under the new law for the arrest of fugitive slaves,
it is highly important that these officers, who
are the sheriffs of the Gratis, should sot
be tinetared with abolitionism ; but, on the
contrary, should be constitutionally " good men
cad true.° Mr. Webster, foreseeing the necessity of
carrying out the law to its letter, and probably having
acme nadantanding with his southern friends on this
mildest, desires to mean its due execatioa, and is
willing to assume a oorresponding responsibility.
This is probably the true version of the ease. Whe-
ther Mr. MReanan has resigned or not, there has
been some difficulty about these appointmeate. It is
believed that the Rouse of Itepreeentetives will
finally pus all the bills from the Senate, and though
the threats of secession continue to be heard from a
few of the southern states, yet they appear to be prior
cipally for effect. No southern state is unanimous on
tar. t, and I think it may be safely predicted the
will everywhere be in a minority. First, be-
epos a large portion of the people of these states are
emend to disunion, and next, because another large
pardon may be considered sufficiently selfish to take
the strongest side, that of the government. They
would everywhere form the strongest party, and
would succeed to power, holding it for the next
geaeratioa agaiut the minority. Whether, there-
fore' we reckon on the patriotism or selfishness of men,
secession would not be permitted In the state, them-
selves. A recent convention called in Georgia, to
oppose the government, fell through for want of
numbers.

Superadd to this the moral and military power of
the general government, and we cannot help coming
to this conclusion, that the Union will be maintained.
We have late information from Texeeedso favourable
to the views here expressed. The proposed settle
went of its claim by a line north of their present
actual limits, sad the payment of a beans of ten ,
millions of dollars give them entire satisfaction, and
their rangers, instead of skirmishing with the New
Mexican,, will have an opportunity of trying the
rugs of their rifles against the Indies, on the Rio
Grande, who seem to hold the state in perfect con-
tempt. It is said that if nothing else in the shape of
opposition will serve the ends of the southern mem-
bers of oongrem. they will tusks an effort to reduce
the tariff to a minimum of 26_per peat. and open our
coasting trade to the world. Per contra, it is asserted
that there will be a slight modification of one tariff in
favour of our coal and iron, and a specific instead of
en ad valorem duty. Effurte have been made already
in the Rouse of Representatives for the purpose of so
modifying our present rates.
Our dates from Panama are to the 3rd of August
The isthmus was quits bare of travellers, in come-
queues of the number of steamers calling there. The
authorities have been realising considerable sums by
the imposition of local taxes on various kinds of em-
ployment chiefly. pursued by Americans. The tax on
an ordinary inn is now about 1,400 dole. per annum,
and upon everything of a similar remunerative cha-
racter. The consequence is great dissatisfaction among
the Americans. Thirteen Jesuits expelled from Bo-
gota at a recent session of Congress have arrived at
Panama : they are going to Peru to take charge of
the seminaries of learning. They were passengers in
the steamer Avon. Au American steamer, milled the
Tabor', is now plying successfully in the Bay. of
Panama, being chiefly employed in conveying freight
and passengers from the steamers to the city. Tele
is a great improvement in the mode of conveyance,
and will do away with the canoes and bongoes, which
have hitherto monopolised the business. Hera, the
pianist, wan trying his hand in the way of concerts with
very good emcees. The governor of the place per-
mitted him to use his saloon on the occasion of his first
concert. Another robbery of gold treasure has taken
place on the isthmus. It seems the leading male
which usually bears the bell, was led off into the
forest and robbed of boxes containing 32,000 dole.
The rest of the train followed the usual path. After
a while the absent mule joined its comrades, without
its load, and enroll was made for the treasure with-
out anceese. When the news reached Panama, the
governor, attended by Mr. Nelson, the agent of
Rowland and Aspinwall, and a couple of files of sol-
diers went out, to see what could be done. One
account states they fell in with the robbers, and had
a severe conflict with a considerable loss of life on
both sides. The treasure was not recovered. The
insurance companies of this city have resolved to
throw their losses upon the isthmus expresses, under
the law which attaches to common earners. The re-
cent elections in New Grenada, on the let of August,
passed off without disturbance. Obaldia received six
out of tea votes for the office of governor.
I wrote you in my last, that it was believed the
Haytian Majesty would back oat of its designs on the
Dominicans. We have later intelligence by an arri-
val at this port, that the expedition is not abandoned,
but that, on the contrary, that the preparation of a
naval force is going on, to consist of two large square
rigged vessels, and a propeller, daily expected from
Europe. Three whites have been beheaded for some
indiscreet expression of their political opinions. Truly
the black race are in a 're state, and deserve
the commendation of al philanthropists. One almost
becomes in favour of intervention, when each misrule
prevails, and such abortions of humanity reach the
eminence of sovereignty.

Mr. Clay, after atssant visit to Newport, for the
benefit of his health, has returned to Witahi,
and bas reappeared is the senate. He was eoza,
is order to avoid the consequences of his great peps.
levity, to come to this city and depart incognito. He
has retained to his post determined, if it be in his
power. to heal the diesessions which preveil on the
'object of slavery.
The condition of the daemon of Pennsylvania is
serertained to be bealthfuL The following is a state
meat which may be relied upon:
dole
Balsam is the Treeasty, 30th :nne,lB6o 349,212 00
Reoelpta for the month of July 1,366,668 96

Total
Deduct payments for
Balm* in the Treasury, ;lily 81
Interest on the fended debt, paid Aug. 1
Sorplus ia the Treasury after paying the August
interest
The landed debt of Pennsylvania on the let
day of August, 1850, war 39,811,831 28
Dafaadad debt MIN the ' 914,828 81
Making e
an mune* of 40,798.469 89
This inelade- ablest 460,000 dole. beloagieg to the Making
Pawl, mina it would be proper to deduct.

There is no doubt bat that the interestof the foreign
debt will always hereafter be punctually paid, and
Sidney Smith's jokes will shortly be forgotten.

Loss 01, Two BOATS AND mini Ctsws.—Daring
•OA of wbui oa the 7Atit alt. two boots Wanes. to Yell,
la tbe Orkneys, while aressiog:Ottor Baud, by emu wise-
easatable same wore swamped, sad all on board, ids, lbw
mew sod a boy, perishrti.
TOIAOOO.—Mr. Lilliagstone, of Loohalsb, Ism in-
tredand Um piloting of tobacco on his estate, sad fields
wblok formerly grew potatoes now boar a luarleat mop of
this plait. It nada. to bo urea whether W plant will
declaim in astama, a " sad la snobs."—Zuerams Cowrisr.

ISKIOWION AND THE COLONIES.

THE CONTINENT OF AUSTRALIA.
Mom ILu D .ily Nan.)
A brief preliminary review of the progress of dis-
covery in Australia will have a twofold use. It ex-
plains the various conjectures respecting the natural
hiatory of the country which havo been succesoively
entertained, and from which fragmen'ary errors still
remain current, notwithstanding the light thrown
upotrft by recent expforere. It also affords n round
for deciding the reran eezato of the original right of
property in the soil and title to the management of
waste lands.

Cook struek the coast of New Holland in April,
' 1770, about the 38th degree of south latitnde •
down the eastern side of the continent to its north
extremity at Cape York in south latitude lob an ,
by posing through Tones Straits, ucertainfd
the entire separation of the land be hid
Goaded from New Gaines. The penal colony
of New South Wales was established in 1788,
near the southern extremity of Cook's dts-
coveries. Vancouver in 1701, b'Entrecasteaux
1792, and Flinders in 1902, surveyed the south-east
coast from Cape Leuwin to Nuyt's Archipelago.
The south-east angle of the Australian coast and the
Mutt which separates It from Van Diemen's Lard
was discovered by Bus and, Fliuders in 1703. The
south coast, from the western termination of their dis-
coveries to Cape Northumberland, was first examined
by Chant in 1800. Spencer Gulf and St.
Vincent's Golf were discovered by Flinders
in 1805. The coast from the eastern termi-
nation of his discoveries at Encounter il,iy to Cape
Northumberland had immediately previous to them
been explored for the first time by Captain Baudin.
Thus between 1770 and 1805 the whole Austra-
lian coast from Cape Leuwin on the south-west to
Cape York on the north-east was discovered and laid
down with considerable accuracy. The whole of this
task was executed by English navigators (with the
exception of the part between Encounter Bly and
Cape Northumberland, discovered by the French
Captain Baudin). Cook and Flinders in their more
extensive explorations were employed for the purpose
by the English government. The other discoverers
(with the exception of Captain Baudin) were led to
these regions by the operations of the English govern-
ment in toundirg their penal settlements.
The northern and eastern ousts were explored at
earlier periods, principally by Dutch navigators. A
part of the east coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria
we. discovered in 1606 by the cernmacder of the ship
Daytime : this is the first authenticated European
visit to Australia. The remainder of this lire of coast
to the bottom of the enlf was discovered by the ship
Pera in 1623. In 1644, Tasman expl,...red the west
coast of the gulf. Arnhem's peninsula immediately
west of the Gulf of Csrpeotaria was di.covered
by the commanders of the ships Pent and Arnhem
in 1623. The land immediately to the west of
the peninsula was dimoorered by Tasman in 1644,
completing the discovery of the north coast. On
the west coast, Endraet's Land, immediately south
of the tropic of Capricorn, was dircoverad by
Dirk Hartog in 1616; Edel Land, to the Booth
of it, in 1619; the south-eastern cape cf Au-
tralia, and the adioini, g southern and eastern ecmts,
by the commander of the Leuwin in 1622. A con-
siderable part of the west coast between the dis-
coveries of Tasman and Ilartog was explored by De
Witt in 1682; by Dampier (when sailing with the
buccaneers) in 1688; and by the same navigator
when commanding a king's ship in 1692. Tee inter-
val between the discoveries of Edel and those of
the commander of the Leuwin was surveyed by
Viaming (who laid down the coast from 22 deg.
south to 32 deg. south) in 1697.

During thei artier 'part of the present century, the
°oast line of Australia woe laid down on maps from
the recent surveys of English and French navigator.
on the east and south, and the old surveys of the
batch and Dimpier on the north and west cols.
The whole coast of the conoinent has however been
re-surveyed by officers of the English navy by com-
mand of government. Flinders commenced the
work, King completed the general survey, and
detailed and supplementary examinations have been
made by Stokes and others.

The 'exploration of the interior advanced much
more slowly, and is far from being equally complete.
From 1688, when the settlement st Port Jackson was
formed, till 1813, no one succeeded in reaching the
summit of the mountains immediately west of
Sydney. In that year (a season of severe drought),
Messrs. Wentworth, Lawson, and Blaxland crowd
the mountains in search of pasturage. In an incre-
dibly short time after their excursion the energy of
Governor Macquarrie constructed a road as isr as
Bathurst, on the west side of the mountains. In
1817, Mr. Oxley, surveyor general. explored the
upper courses of the Macquarne and the Lachlan. In
1818 he penetrated to the marshes near the junction
of the Macquarrie and the Darling ; in 1824 Meagre.
Howell and Hume crossed from Yews plains to Port
Phillip; between 1825 and 1829 Mr. Cunningham
explored Darling Downs in the interior, and par's of
New England as far north asi%loreton Bay; in 1828
and 1830 Captain Start discovered the river Darling,
and descended the Marrumbridgee end the Murray to
the sea at Encounter Bay from 1832 to 1837 Sir T.
Mitchell, surveyor-general, explored the Darling,
Bogen, Lachlan, Murrumbridgee, and Murray more
fully, and discovered Australia Felix ; in 1840 Tyers
executed a trigonometrical survey of Australia Felix,
and Streletszki examined the south-east angle of Aus-
tralia. By these combined efforts the genera! structure
of the country, within a triangle formed by the coast
line from Moreton Bay to Cape Howe, and (rem Cape
Howe to Endeavour Bay, and a line drawn from En-
deavour Bay to Moreton Bay, was made pretty accu-
rately known.
The foundation of the colony of South Australia, in
1838, has led to a considerable extension of these in-
land discoveries. The Ltd west of the Lower Dar-
ling and a line drawn to the mouth of the Glenelg,
bas been explored inland as far as the latitude of Lake
Terrine, both within that semi-circular depression and
between it and the Darling. The triangular piece of
land between Spenser's Gulf and Nuyt's Archipelago
has also been pretty thoroughly examined. The
mosteactive and successful explorers have been Capt.
Start and Mr. Eyre. The latter gentleman, by his
daring overland journey from Spenser's Gulf to the
frontier of Western Australia, has connected the laud
discoveries of the South Australians with those of
their Swan River brethren. The discoveries in
Western Australia have been less energetically and
systematically pursued, but since the first settlement
in 1829 a considerable tract of country, reaching from
the 27th to the 35th degree of south latitude, and
from the 115th to the 119th of east longitude has been
explored.
The continent of Australia lies between the 115th
and 153rd degrees of east longitude, and between the
101 and 39th degrees of south latitude. Its greatest
length is from Shark's Bey on the west coast, to Cape
Sandy on the eastern, 2,400 miles ; its greatest
breadth front Cape York or Torres Straits, to Cape
Otway or Bass's Straits, 1,700.

The mod known part of Australia lies to the east
of a line drawn front Limtren Bight, in the south-west
corner of the Golf of Carpentaria, to the head of
the Great Australian Bight, near the western termi-
nation of the coast of South Australia. Not tar
from the B.E. angle of this region, about GO miles to
the N.W. of Cape Home, the Warragong Mountains,
or Australian Alpe, attain a great height. They are
situated between 36 deg. cad 87 deg. south, and some
of theft peaks are covered with perpetual snow. The
bee of these hills may be said to be on the top of what
is called the coast range, the crest of which paws a
little to the west of them. This swelling of the earth's
surface from which the Australian Alps spring up ex-
tends from these mountains in a direction to the east
of north to about the 26th degree of S. lat., and in a
direction to the north of west to nearly the 132nd
el:itof B. long (the Australian Alps are about the
:degree of E. long.). This semicircular range
of hills or high ground divides the waters which flow
towards the sea from the great inland basin channelled
by the waters of the Darling, Maoquaraie, Lachlan,
Murrumbidge, and Murray. There are two inter-
ruptions in the continuity of the more southerly part
of the range. The waters of the Murray arid its
affluents find their way to the sea through a gap in it
between the 139th and 140th degrees of longitude.
A little further west a much wider depression is occu-
pied by the waters of Spencer's Gulf and St. Vin-
cent's Golf, and the narrow channel between the heed
of the former and Lake Torrens.

To the north of the 26th degree of S. latitude the
east coast, as far as Cape York, trends to the W. of
N.; high ground, bearing from the sea the appearance
of a hill range, runs parallel to the line of the coast.

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