The Express.
London, England, 1850-11-22 00:00:00

LETTER FROM THE DUKE OF PORTLAND

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TO HIS TENANTRY.

MANCHESTER, Nov, 21.
A county meeting was held on Monday last, at
Preston' which has excited a good deal of interest amongst
political parties, being a muting to form a society, with ex•
most.e and powerful organisations, for the supervision and
protection of the North Lantashire Registry of Voters. It
will be recollselel that at the last general election the Anti-
Corn Law Lesgue—then at the very zenith of Its power—
suddenly made its appestats°, is the northern division of
Lancashire, sad pat is nomination for the representation
Mr. James Heywood, one of the present members. Mr.
Talbot Clifton disappeared at once, extinguished with the
first breath of opposition. From that moment the Stanley
party, whose nominee Mr. Clifton was, appeared to have
been annihilated. This year, however, they teem to have
taken heart, and making their appearance in the revision
courts suceseeded in establishing a gain on the last year's
registir of 300 votes upon their opponents—a gain which has
been megnified by the tory press facto 1,200. That they
would have a large apparent gain wu obvious, because
having netleved their duty for several years previously in
i purging the list of voters, the names of libera's who have
died, or who had lest their qualifications, or claimed for
new ones, remained on the register improperly. Every one
now knows very well what an ill-weeded garden a county
register becomes In a very few years unless opposite poli-
tical parties very actively interfere en strike off the errors

The venerable Duke of Portland has just issued
the following letter on the present aspect and condition of
asricul:ure, Wally in reference to the cultivation of forest
lands, and addressed to the principal portion of his tenantry
in the county of Nottingham :
hope I have made sash regulations with respect
to eke calculation of my rents as are necessary to adapt them
to the alteration of the times and the generality of cases.
" I have no doubt there will be found many exceptions,
and that, in many cases, the difficulty of the times can only
be met by changes In the management of the land and in the
Gowen of crops.
" I am satisfied that no forest land, of which the fertility
It not such as will of itself, and without manure, produce
two quarters of barley per acre, after • fallow, can be wash
cultivating.
I know by experience, that if the land will produce that
quantity, one year with another, a liberal allowance of
manure will enable it to be cultivated to advantage, it net
exhausted afterwards by frequent crops of corn. But unless
it will of heel!, produce that quantity, it ought (not to be
attempted to be cultivated, inasmuch as the present prices of
earn in money are too low to repay the purchase of manure.
" Even land of greater natural fertility cannot be cul-
tivated to advantage without • great reduction of the ea-
, pease of cultivation, which can only be effected by a diminu-
tion of the frequency of corn crops, and a greater reliance
on the produce of the land in gran. I know it is thought
by many farmers that land amulet remain in gram, to
cl liti,..more than two years. When that is the ease, it la
it hes been exhausted by too nosh cropping ; my
ow. great experience entitles me to say, teat when land is
laid down to grass in good condition, it will last more than
four (I am not speaking of very inferior qualities of sand

THE
MANUFACTURING DISTRICTS.

accruing from these circumstances. The meeting on Mon-
day was a gathering of Mr. Heywood's friends, with a view
to guarding the registry from any Vteronte of the Stanley or
prutectionist party to tamper with it beyond • simple and
proper purification of the nature I have referred to. It took
place at the Victoria Hotel, Preston ; consisted of leading
reformers from the various polling distric's of the northern
division of the comity; and was one of the largest and
most influential assemblages of 'the kind every held
in the county. Mr. T. B. Addison, Chairman of the
County Court of Quarter Sessions, presided, and alter a brief
address, called nixie Mr. James Heywood, the present mem-
ber in the liberal interest, to address the meeting. Mr.
Heywood made some very interesting statements, @bowing
the satisfactory results of the part attention which hie
friends had been able to d. vote during the last few years to
put the county register on a proper lootiog. Making full
allowance, he observed, for the advattsge which their ants-
goni.t. bad gained this year, the total gain of the liberals
upon the list three years amounted to 900 votes. Mr. George
Wilson, of Manchester, who was listened to with much
pleasure and attention from his acknowledged acquaintance
with all the practical details of working such an association
as it was now proposed to form, entered at some length into
the reasons which called for a careful and watchful attention
to the registry. One of the most curious illustrations of this
necessity which Mr. Wilson cited, was the constant mutation
which the register was subj ct to from purely natural
causes,—a change which he said amounted to an
go of ten per cent. per annum upon the
entire registration of the kingdom. lie cited tables in sup-
port of this statement from the ho,ks of the South Lan-
cashire and other registration societies. It followed from
the operation of this law that, in about ten years, the
changes would equal the entire amount of names upon a
resister. It did not become au entirely new register in ten
years, bemuse the names and qualifications did not go off in
regular order; but the change was tantamount to that.
The register for the northern division of this county was an
illustration of the fact; for the changes from deaths,
removals, and other causes since the year 1845 had led to
about 6.500 qualifications being struck off the register (out
of 10,000 to 11,0)0) and these had bean replaced be about
an equal number of new ones A good deal of interesting
contr. notion took place during the meeting, developing the
tactics pursued in the agricultural districts of the county by
the protectionists, in dividing and splitting their farms, to
multiply qualifications on the register; and the necessity of
watchfulness was dwelt upon, to prevent the increase of
spurious qualifications of this description as much as pos•
ethic Mr. Wilson justly observed that in the division of
• county where there were about 300 townships this was
highly necessary, because if on an average only two errors
were allowed to creep upon the miner their opponents
ob a start by such means which might ge far to coun-
teract a very powerful expression of public opinion against
them. He observed that this was, at present, a maiden
constituency ; it was a singular fact that since the passing of
the Reform Bill, which had called it into existence, there
had never been a single contested election for the northern
division of Lancashire; the strength of parties had never
been tried by the usual test, and he thought that the best
way to be provided for such an event would be the establish-
ment of a central committs to superintend the registration,
with corresponding committees in the various districts
throughout the division, to work out details. Mr. Charles
Townely (one of the largest landowners in the county)
' sod(' at some length in support of:this recommendation, as
also did Mr. Fort (son of the late member for Clitheroe),
Captain Harrison, Mr. Cherie' Potter, of Darwen, and Mr.
' Watts, of Charley. A motion to the effect that a central
committers or assomation of this description be now formed was
ultimately moved by Mr. Artostroug, of La:tuner, and hav-
ing been seconded, was carried unanimously. The gentlemen
present were nominated members of this cementite', with
power to add to their number., and it was understood that
meetings would be subsequently convened in the various
I polling district. to form sub committees, to cooperate with
the general body. Mr. Limes Moorhouse was appointed
see y of the general committee, and an office will be at
sruepemriionnt.e n d
It thewurtr rsatnagtzednusrloirt
I
purchased an estate, of which they are to take possession
othneef uorurneedwoartkPi working of the
the proceedings that the Preston Freehold Land Society had
during the month, which will give an accession of 120 to 130
additional qualifications to the liberal party at the next
1 revision.

-
b.d).
it may be observed that the first effect of this
change will be to snake every man's capital mote equal to
the management of his farm.
" I would recommend no redaction in that part of hit ft-
pilot which is applied to the purchase of manure ; without
that no forest land, unless it is of vary superior quality (good
enough for the four-eourse system), can be educated to ad-
vantage at tta re/Alit VIM&
Oa strong lead the same enervation apply to all such
leads as will sot, without esdatasee, produce four loads of
whist. It is quite namely that such land should have
' mete rest, and, as its caltinden is meek more expensive, it
is the man secoseary to disdain the frequency of grope.
" I hay. an estate is Northumberland, whisk, for above
eighty years, has been managed ea the four-gonna system
till its strength baa bees entirely exhausted.
" My tenants then have adopted the six-course miens,
of which the remelts will not be sees Ise is.. time, bat of
which the immediate effect will be to hienmee every man's
capital la proportion to his land, and to Maki& his wad
expense.
" I am well aware that, on all =eh land as is thrown out
of cultivation and Is *Diverted into sheep pasture, the rut
sess in a certain degree, be fawned.
" I am quite arida that, for the sake of the trust, the
change mean be made too secs. The sooner it is done the
lees will be hie loss.
" I am, Sir, year most obedient servant,
" Wolbeck, Nov. 18, IMO." "Scarf POZTLAXD.

THE COLLIERY EXPLOSION AT HOUGHTON.

The inquest on the bodice of the 'unfortunate in-
divides!' killed by the recent explosion of firs damp at
Houghton Colliery, in the musty of Durham, was resumed
this day before Mr. Maraud, the coroner for the county.
Mr. Tremenbere, baneg been appointed by the govern-
meet to investigate the oirmentanoes attending this melan-
choly nitrifies of human life, was present.
Thomas Crawford, a viewer under the Earl of Durham,
stated that he wee well acquainted with the Houghton
Colliery, which was commenced in the year 1828 ; it was
laid in, or stopped in 1838, and reopened in December, 1849.
Hs was int down the pit about six month" previousto the
explosion. He examined the state of the ventilation at
that time, and found quite 'efficient sir going through
both for the ventilation of the workings and the safety of
'the - .

Ezomox lioerrrAL rose Coiteuurnox.—Yes-
tuday weir or, at a quarterly wear of governor sad
direston of this hospital, it was stated, that sir the let
nesting of goverson, 91 patine had bees risittad to the
wards of the liesplud, of whir 63 had bees dishevel nee
er less bsecdted. Then; were at present in the hers 90
patients, sad within the period adverted to, 639 estrpetiesh
bad reseird medial treatment. The ran of 4181. 14e.
aural sebseriptione had hoes resolved, of which sea
341.13. wen sew sabsoriptirs ; 1001. in null legesies had
oleo bees rewired. The seeretary this stated that a lager
of 6001. had bass realer fee the late Willis. Thee-
bald, Esq., sof Paddisgtes, aad • legacy of 1001. iron the
late lin Asa Goodman, of Liverpool-road, Loads ; aho
that a Larger portion of the lever of 3,0001. (left by the
late J. M. Cuthbert, gig.) this bad bees reseed the m-
esh woald have realied, would seen berm edible.
THE AMA! AT Luna.—Jameeßhodas,dasoribed
Is last ermines larva sailer the above ruin as berg
In a most precarious Wets, is ecuseesesse of ends; resolved
is the late easy, expired at secs yeeterdr. Bhodes'e
sad two erne other viewer twee reltheirto
as the sea whe threw the brit that !died Misr.. A
coereeer's brie was to be kid ups the body W4ay.
81111131WIAL CYCLICAL Mirram. BeirlY
Bue.ronte floorty.—A "is wortiag of dd. 'essietyAna
bald at •• Leal" Brigs,

7.,s- raider

:8!"^t °

-- --.
By Mr. Trevose:hers—lt is my usual habit only to visit
the pit once in six months, sod I consider that 'efficient with
the communications marls to me from time to time by the

resident viewer. The pit was not in a more dangerons-atate
sines it was reopened in December, 1849, than it was before
it was closed in 1838. The ventilation was kept up all the
time the colliery wee laid in.
By Mr. Forster, who, at the request of Mr. Tremenhere,
examined this and other witnesses: If there had bean any
extraordinary in the working of the pit I should have
expected a special report from Mr. Rutherford. I received
no each communication.
John Rutherford, resident viewer of the Houghtou-pit,
said—l have been viewer of the pit since Jou, 1849, and
was la the habit of going down the pit thrice in a fortnight;
at ether times I received information as to the state et the
pit from the overman nearly every day. I did not consider
it a dangerous pit. I was at home on Monday, the 11th inst.,
when I heard of the explosion. I immediately proceeded to
the mine. (The witness, after describing the efforts made to
reach the survivors, continued as follows]—We went to a
point where one man of the name of John Watchman war
to commence work that morning; he had to commence at a
crosscut, about twenty yards from the east waggon way.
There was a pine of cod whitish he had taken eff, and which
we found there. There were slight indications of fire. I
did not order Watchman to commence there. I gave orders
to the overman that that part wee to be commenced with,
and he would appoint the men. I gave orders to Hunter,
whol/41, tread, end it was his duty to direct the party working,but what direetioae he gave I do not know. I afterwards
examined the Owe mere minutely, and found gas sear the
point where Watchman was. We found no lamps there. I
swot form say opinion from what I saw as to the ones of
the explosion.
By Mr. Forster—When I gave mien for a man to work
at the mostutt, I ordered lamps to be used.
By Mr. Tressultere—The goat is at a little lower level
than the point at which Watchman would be working, sad
the gas would naturally rise to the highest point. A current
of air, which was thought anfEcient to carry away any gas
that might come from the goat, was directed along the way
where Watchman was working. The result has proved that
the current was not sufficient. It was the duty of the over-
men, Hunter, to ere that Watchman did use his lamp. Re
would keys told Watchman to get a lamp. The lam=
kept near the bottom of the shah It is partible Wa
may have used a Imp, although there are no indications of
one. The lmarkeopar will be able to my whether he got
was or sot that morning. I did; not consider the plate
' wire, Weldlamas yes to be mega daagerous than where the
niafeelbe MR VW. The th 134111.8 men
Whmaa wen. The pion
2,
re work rag
rar. mesa had
allasil
iis
ailiodilltilliDar had evidently bees re-
d islatindle me yip istrass to get his tub la, the
• bellistanche
....I.l.._Ttereut rat aothfo
atYffa Linter thus. ma'am
Nrll7-"ew. of woildni.
to
f 01“0111,..1 tPve, if the man waking there had
with a lamp, the explosion would not haus
It Wzopialoa the explosion did occur there,
and I that hem hulas been unable to find any
islimeleas of its tam place elsewhere.
Rs Mr. Tremishero—l am viewer of another plt belong-
ing-8o the Real of Dadra& There I. one regular overman
to mak pile. Tlmorateaan at nought= pit was Hunter, the
man that was killed. I have known him about three years.
Re could readosi write well. I did not make him over-
man.
. .
had bee
the ordiury
beaker'a.Mll.
sooty day. I
that he ,oras f
chase'-'
' in V'

HOUGHTON, THURSDAY.

'Odiesesor,
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will ii Ibe
fa ma !sir
beetll UM
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at

Tills iselad breadth .f
roo dad. pro doe erso swat trod re, 1 oases We de de resewat •a.
yid...7K rod seem all ft Ram of rostriatioss, width I delight it wile to withdraw, fordo Stradnto BOCIONT.—A rabid dada( et difiedity vas
tritsilislied, awl will fed ever I forst laid at the dada& Mad, Leads P44l4Ledorday
~tf/sNteeled
So the red primipler Wt ens sat isesair, 10,11 dig embed ied dr raider Air
id iderusties. (LIM sad lets sestlisted Us' bodes dada ix usi *meshes de des ties Odd*, d die MMI• Mr. Odd% o f
4106 Aso Piai ths pith tadentesd what " These aossiduatine, however, world not wrest oat oesspiolihs eh*. 'Wt. addirdie, Geldreed,
• dr. ....ick ssigssss ill" issis °LW"( iss 14"oserrew. wore it ed for the doss of the
+'7"`y'
glad ails=bloklissflissost *ribs
1 1111 s whist, „seorly $OO yds se, the pews year. The sidi WWI. hod this adasted loaparly, with al de
Is st Iropetiase, eau In rarty, at Ws did odes of adddi "mews 0 ~,,,, ionm, oth:rzlisirlif Suit, is at dip
Ur la Meal aids, sr to ezeiesge she ludo wigs to die dwell. ea& &seek boil Filemoited.ild r I.lB.l2ithe er the best Ma
lambi d dell aid religiose liberty, add eildosoasast wenewalor widtost siiissididsi dells Irida tWd Amiss rjegtdilin
iet dr(ptaral troth, for fie bedsits, • vire wen ibly sett Lord. Tile idd = soilli
tom
motions of Um Rood* skunk Mims.) gliwas lbb A011014E21 salbegis/ Plimbel 00 lal • *
. aid fa Ike haddassa
west es to =prat a loge t►aa de urasies babies le iiiisnii. ss Otis sloes bis bps si sobs% al . 811 la sessik lei IA s
is► isel heel siik.d yield save Its taws 4ss. wbbi fl. iiiigy op sillidit alksug Aiwa" Ibis es bi obiaboS is
MIIa
Nit elm* lebassaisV.istabs be Quest mil . . lasi wore OW may Ad se lael_lake • or asur iiiipat=l.l2ls,
=morn at liad tbsis slur Obeid aMill Ti“, ,s 1 do Win *VI • blill = Vilicedur
WSW esardthi gds. i are
inasessed. al by lA. ot ibi tat ilas
I reionlia *ma —idiom bread Um sit Nei us~e is slo err did Baiaass. I will a suable orgasm were this taw and the sabluditliss
Mu IMF *arc Mises) MS rants SW whisk I bed= yes paid, whisk dead ibe priessbigi.

0.0 WWI RERIL Maga yrn•• v••••• a maw uv• sa•rn mama wv•a—
Nan. He had been semen before that time. I think he
had beta a working sake. Hs was quits a. Intelligent as
die ordinary nu et mermen in the district. Ha resided at /.
Ilunker's-hill. Iva. is the habit of salad frequat
soap day, I never saw his intoxicated, ne ve,
Nest Se trao in the habit of drinking. I gria -]
&ON IR Easter. I moot mown tor his apparent ill
In Ms bolowee. There an nine deputy overlain site
to as entire oldie pit, anti repots Mallow to time to
A "pay overman ought to knee been appointed
•bY w ... rims who esanode .
write: new one tint' int reed, • i
Th• inquiry, arested in' iztrierilauy intik&
1 „niacin this locality, was mew/ft when this &spat& wee kw