The Express.
London, England, 1850-11-14 00:00:00

MIL PAXTON'S PAPER ON THE BUILDING

FOIL THE EXHIBITION.

The first ordinary meting of the Society of Arts,
for the session 1850.51, was held last evening at the soeiety's
house in Jobn-street, Adelphi. There was a very full

Mesdames of otextbere, &Waited by the

• paper on the origin and details of enstraetios of the
building for the Exhibition of 1851 was to be read by the
designer, Mr. Paxton. The chair was taken by Lord OTIS-
Slant at 8 o'clock. and after some routine business, as the
reafirmation of minutes, and the election of new members,
Mr. PAXTON rowe—Re said : Before I reed the paper
which I am about to submit to you, I nay be permitted to
say • few words with regard to spelt. Although I have
written a groat may papas on various subject., this will be
the...lint time I ever read one is public, and I users you I
should not have done so now but for the solicitations of the
sound of this society. (Heat.) When I Hat brought the
design for this great balding to London about the =Judie of
the peat summer, the mord of this society kindly offered
ma the use of this room in order that a lecture might be
delivered on the advantages of my plan, and the
arta west so far that • night was named
few the purpose. I did not lured on that one
rise to soy anything myself, for I had too many engage-
' MOO then on band to permit my doing so, but proposed
le trader the duty to the bands of others, who would have
discharged it tar better than I could have done. But in the
roarer of events it was thought desirable to postpone the
lecture until the letter sod of the year ; and now, at the re-
quest of the society, I have resented to write a paper, and
reed it myself. (Cheers.) A., however, I have found it
necessary to make various sherstione, Is order to make it
sword with the drawings ranged round the room, and by
which I shall have to explain ir, and as in onsequenos it Is is
pert. much interlined end blotted, I meat crave your indulgence
if I do not read it so fluently and clearly as I should with to
do. (Rear, ken) I have thought it ascroary, in the tint
place, to explain the growth dthe plan of the building, and
yon will fled, U you will favour me with your 'Menne, that
it grew out of very small beginnings indeed :
The lecturer then proceeded to read the paper as follows,
illosassing it es organ required by • rarer* to • series
of diagram and models exhibited is theirs.
" The great industrial building now le the cause of err-
don, and which forms the subject of the present parr, was
not the redraw. of • mossestary consideration of the sub_
hot. Its panic coserrection in cast bra and glass, Loge.
doer with the manner of forming the vast roof, is the result
of mock experience le the elation of buildings of • similar
kind, although at a mailer scale, whin km gradually de-
veloped itself thorough &MAN of years. I k giviag, there-
fore, • theeription an* building heal, it may set be mein-
terming to give • brief aeooant of the reasons whin lad me
to iantrigato the satire of glass note and elms arnoturee
Aeaerally, and whin have resulted in the enibithe build.
lag. 1.1828, war I }hut tamed my stratisa to the build.
lag and improvement of gists strusteres, the rams forcing
houses st Chatsworth, r at other Soon were formed of
cores thiek girt end 'heavy woodwork, main rendered
the roofs dark and gloomy, and on this sosount very in sated
for the porpoise they were handed to newer. My gat ob-
ject was to remove thie ail ; sad, Le coffer to sotecapikh
I lightened the rattan, and mash-bus, by levelling off their
sides, snit homes which were afterwards built
in this mean proved very maistestney. I mho at this time
contrived a light seek bar, Main • groove fig the reortien
at the glue ; shit groove samplately *Man o disadvantage
fpwased with pi• old rode of gluing, namely, the putty
hemming contiaaally displaced by nub bast, and rain
etre the erne bed bra made for a shoot time, sad the
*et by this mesas, Reding its way betwixt the giro and the
wood, and producing • ossairmal drip is rainy weather.
about this period the dean for mastaille roofs began to
swath in every direction, rid singh samara bed a light
and grriski appostaimsat brews qt imwmans
nt
e the pregnowyot using nattl mehoosai Whom insend
qf wooden cam, for kottioultural paryalw. Altar sorefelly
&serving * effects et air by varkies'prons, it
.be-
came Kaaren do cow that the mama= ant toWthesthe of
oral would always Willer agars its gemorml.mlogglia, ea
at de smolt of the year amid the ran en imam las mss
The den maim Woo of resting smolmilis
homer woo a sonsideration.--lallai I -_m/heed
fag • nor 'seep of Wetkirthe end Wile 018111181610
knowing how mute they • MOW cuss ff crested if
matt, a pia' qf the nor the wren& and gni
to Bintleghass, sad anther W with a le-
she to be tarnished with estintatee-law that pupae& The
tartar teen Birmingham was. 1,001, mad the nor far
theiteld was 1,860/ These appeared to me nab onormous
ears, tlist lat oar set about eshatating .how Inn the,
rage would cost, U bait of wood seder my an hapestismi
tad the melt wee, that I -we able to complete the whole
'lloWei • weegOlda do. at -*at: tha
ttlarieffk 3141.8.
tallnlbsll

Vlb re,
boast.

THE EXHIBITION OF 1851.

The following Important notices have been issued
to the metropolitan local committees by the ezecutive com-
mittee :

" Offioe for the Baecative Committee, 1, Old Palace-yard,
Westuan' stir, 13th November, 1830. Sir.— I em instructed
by the executive enuanittee for the exbiltion of 1861 to in-
form you that her Majesty's commissioner., acting up HI the
advice which has been afforded to them by the metrcpoliten
local committees who have frequently assembled at West•
minster, have decided that they will consider atl the metro.
pelican committees ea one caked committee in respect of
the allotment of epees in the building.
" The Commiseicnen propose to adopt, in respect of the
mettopolts, the same rule which they intend to apply to all
Ike other local committees of the United Kingdom, and to
divide into four parts the total amount of space to be allotted
to the metropolis; assigning dellaite quantities to each of
the fear sections, via., raw materials and produce, machi-
nery, manufactures, and Sae era. lb. following are the
committees which the commissioners think it desirable
should be grouped together for this purpose : City of L in-
don, City of Westminster, Breotford, Chelees, Chiswick,
Finsbary, Greenwich, Hammenmitb, Hampstead, Kensing-
too Marylebone, Poplar, Putney, Richmond (Surrey),
South London,' Southwars, Tower Hamlets. Woolwich.
"The executive committee hope to be able in a few days
to inns &statement of the spaces to he thus allotted to the
eastropelle, as well as of the applications for space which
have been made by proposed exhibitory. A specimen done
of the fermi in which all applications have been prepared is
enclosed for your information.
" I am instructed to beg the favour of your particular at-
tention to the necessity that these forms should be returned
to the connaistioners on or before the 10th of December, and
to request that your committee will take immediate steps for
cooperating with the other committees of the metropolis to
carry out the decision of her Majesty's commissioners. i need
scarcely dwell on the importance of doing so without delay,
but I would beg kayo to point out that it is expedient to
report to her Majesty's Comeniaioners forthwith the came
, of the officer or officers who may be authorised on behalf of
, the united local oomnaithees to receive from the executive
committee the whole 1111111.3171 of forms of applicaticn to
i space on behalf of all the metropolitan committees.
" The executive committee further instruct me to send yon
; the enclosed paper, containing suggestions for the format ion
of special 'osmium of selection and rejection la the metro-
' polis. It is proposed that these committees should occsat of
, local emantasioners divided into the 30 classes named in this

pow, and probably your committee will consider this the
course most expedient to be adopted.
" I am, sir, your most obedient nt,
" M. DIGDY WYATT, See."
sunomirioge FOR TYR FORMATION OF EPECIAL COMMIT-
TERS OF (ELECTION AND REJECTION FOR THE METRO-
FOLIC
"It has been decided that the spate to be given to exhibi-
tors in London ten only be allotted by subjects nod not to in-
dividual committees. It therefore becomes amnesty, not
only on this account, but also for the purpose of preserving
a standard of excellence, to obtain a unity of action among
the local commissioner,. It is presumed that the localtom-
of contmisi

mitteee I. the appointment . .<es intended to
delegate to them the power of election and rejection ; but
as the number of local commissioner amounts to nearly 300,
it is obviously desirable to divide them into committees in
which their special knowledge might be made useful. ihs
euhjoined list of 30 chimes of subjects wouli coinci,e with
divisions in the contemplation of the commissioners, would
to a certain extent agree with the system of classification,
and consisting of an average of only 10 members each, would
include all the local commissioners in Loudon.
" It has been considered that about twenty, or perhaps
even thirty, of they special committees, might be required.
It would be obviously necessary to devise some plan by
which uniformi•y of action, a guarantee for impartiality, and
a mesas of reference against a disputed decision, might be
secured. The plan suggested to the committees is the follow-
ing one :—E soh of the special committers is to elect a cba,r-
man to preside over its deliberations. The chairmen of the
_

special committees are to be united into a general council,
or glottal committee of selection. Toil getters' body, con-
sisting of the chairmen of the special committees, would
net of itself make the examinations or awards; Its office
would be limited to the reception of the reports of the spi
committees, to the securing of a strict impartiality, and as •
means of reference to disputed decisions.
" In constructing these special committees, it would, per-
haps, not be requisite to exclude exhibitors, but it would be
' made • strict injunction to them, that no person should sit
in judgment upon the same articles which he intends to
exhibit.

" The duty of acting as secretary to the special committees
might be assigned among the paid secretaries or assistant
secretaries of the committees, each secretary taking a certain
number, and acting as secretary to the special committees,
forth. purpose of summoning them together, and managing
the general businese. In this distribution those subjects
might be allotted to the secretaries of the districts in which
the manufactures represented by the divisions were princi-
pally carried on. It is essential that the local committees
should immediately determine upon a plan for constituting
the special committees of selection and re's otion ; as the
10th of December is the day on which the vouchers must be
returned te the commission, with the judgment of the com-
mittees es to their approbation sr rejection of the articles to
which they refer.
" RAW MATERIALS.-1. Metallurgy and mineral pro-
ducts; 2. Chemical and pharmaceutical pros secs and pro•
ducts generally ; 3. Substances used as food ; 4. Vegetable
and animal substances used ta manufactures, implemente, or
for ornament.

MACHINIIIT_-5. Machines for direct use ; 6. Manu-
facturing machines and tools; 7. Mechanical, civil engineer-
ing, architectural, sod building isontrivsnees ; 8. Istidtary
and naval engineering, structure, &r., armour, and accou-
trements; 9. Agricultural and horticultural machines and
implements; 10. Philosophical instruments and miscel-
laneous contrivances, including process** depending upon
their ow, musical and acoustical instruments._

Woollen; 13. Silk
and velvet; 14. Linea; 15. Mired fabrics; 16 Leather,
skins, fur, and hair; 17. Paper, printing, and bookbinding;
18. Printing and dyeing of woven, spun, felted, and laid
fabrics; 19. Tapestry, including carpets and filer cloths,
lace and embroidery, fancy and industrial works; 20. Articles
of clothing for immediate, personal, Sr domestic sae; 21.
Cutlery, edge tools, and surgical instruments; 22. General
hardware; 23. Working in precious metals, jewellery, and
all articles of luxury not included In the other juries; 21.
Glass; 25. Ceramic manufacture, chins, porolean, earthen-
ware, &a ; 26. Decoration furniture and upholstery; 27.
Manatactares in mineral aubstanois used for building or de-
corations, as in marble, slate, porphyries, cements, artificial
atones, dic.; 28. Manufactures from animal and vegatable
'abidance', not being woven, felted, or laid ; 29. IlliCkliZe
aeons saanabeturies and small warm.
licunrrozn.-30. Modals and plastic art.

EIPLoBIoxB IN MINZII.—At the meeting of the
Institution of Civil Maintaears, on Tuesday, W. Cubitt ,
President, ia the chair, a paper was read, entitled " A
amps:ads. view of the recorded explosions in coal mines,"
by Mr. West. The reports of Faraday, Lyell, De Is Duke,
Playfair, and others, were urefolly snal3 sod and tabulated,
from which it appeared, that tendencies towuds a
dangerous condition existed in mines reputed to ba
comparatively safe, and that these tendencies were so nu-
merous, aad varied so suddenly in their nature and extent,
as to neassitate MEW= to every kind of precaution. The
proposed appointment, by the government, of inspectors of
mists, wee noticed, not with the intention of showing that
their enpervidon would diminish the responsibility of the,
mining engineers and overman, but of demonstrating,
that by establishing more constant communication be-
tween the various districts, they might induce the gene-
ral adoption of those measures of precaution which were
found in certain mines to be so efficacious in averting acci-
dents, or in affording means of safety when they did occur.
The different depths of mines, varying from 75 yards at
Daley, to 300 yards at Haswell, did not appear to have any
adman oa the accidents. The tendency to the emission of
sulranstted hydrogen gas from certain seams would have
append a more rational reason, though the records did not
appear to bear out that theory, u mina meeleiser a tolitOble
ratialidumbi"rot very' fiesythehadj;'ll"b' "Ithewrtjuisillighads:bewlat si of rsx
ermialx"plesionsh ""PliP°Jait.att:arco. to be
Of 28 years, and 140 ramps had been killed. The compati-
bility of renal good ventilation, with the occasional
ecourresee of the most fatal explOsioes, was partioulaily
dwelt en. The witnesses ea thringaesta after the Haswell
and the Janaw accidents agreed that the "veatiis-
tioa was perfect," " the pit full of air," and " the
air quite good, and plenty of it." The fault, then,
did not lie in the quantity of air, but rather in the diffi-
culty of direeting it so generally throughout all partsoi the
mine, as to sweep away the gas as it was produced. The
. aphis" let the air were noticed, and the condition of the
goat, the pockets of gas formed in the roof, and the sudden
irruptions from the occasional falls in the goaf android stalls,
were dwelt en at groat length, aid, combined with the
iojudiniess nee of unprotected lights, and the liability of
widest to the lamps, ware shown to Yaw hem the probable
cams sf all the explosions. The miners' Lupo were passed
over somewhat too eareasily, as at the pram* monient, when
so mesh has bead dale fee their impeommeale that inn of
the subject migita boa loan demeamd on. with advantage.
The tar neva, life on the monsdelees stf amidoldee
sosti es ffirattioed shafts. wadateddratee at sada
mine at apart as Amid Meese ie.
tor/ is ohs ,":I:l?„l:rattist"fr
MS the warn air into the arose shalt at some
ire; together with several minor details .
Mu anatent working of the exhausting app,,
M aw elf the fetal "after-damp, or oholamp,'
ggroagly insisted. The reshaess and earalusems of the •
woe iestaseed with regret ; bat it was shown that by
aced geed exampa" their better qualities might
eat, and that then the best eareguard ageism
aria be the instinctive love of life, and a know-
eY from the infringement of any of
regulationsestablithed- in . the mina.
'Rte at of eke workman woe, therefor*, strongly
irked cm, as more real benefit world probably malt from
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