The Express.
London, England, 1861-08-21 00:00:00

FOURTH DEPARTMENT.-PUBLIC HEALTH.

President, Lord Talbot de !dahlia. ; rice-president, Sir
Charles Mutiny; permanent secretary, Dr. Lankester ;
local secretaries, Drs. Lyons amd M'Donnell.

Dr. Damn PgabcN Mail a paper entitled " The Necessity
of an Act for making Vaccination compulsory in Iraland.''
Mr. Nuccrr ROBINSON read a paper on " The Dwellings
of the Poor in Dublin."

;moo7 TIBSTMIO3bT said that it so happened that the
worst houses in Dublin were situated in tho beet localities
as to healthy situation, whilst the more fashionable houses
were in the least healthy portions. If openings were made
through those houses by means of wide streets, so u to
allow a free current of pure air through them, the result
must Le favourable:_ _

__ • _
Lord TALBOT Dr MALABIDE thought that a remedy might
be put in forte to bring pressure on a landlord, such as was
tried is the country • that was to deprive him of the power
of obtaining easy possession of tenements unless be had
complied With certain requisites.
A No-animal discussion ensued upon the paper.
Miss Conitrrr read • paper on "The Turkish Bath, as a
curative Agent in Serofula and Insanity."
A ducossion ensued on the paper, after which the depart-
ment adjourned.
FIFTH DEPARTMEN'T.—SOCIAL ECONOMY.
Professor 111.11111 MY reed a paper "On the Law of Fluc-
tuation of Wages," which gave rime to some discussion, is
which Mr. Pollard Urquhart, M.P., Mr. Wright, of Lon-
don, Mr. Leferns, and Mr. Jose!, of Glasgow, took part
Dr. R. Ettiort read a paper 'On Working Men's Read-
ing Rooms, as as Important Modification of Meekassime
Institutes."

Mr. F. W. O'Connoa read a paper " On the Application
of the Public Free Librertes Act to Dublin.'

The Rev. .1. B. Itostason red a paper " On the Condi-
tion of the Working Classes—their babitationa."
A paper was read by Las C. Coaerrr on " Homes for
Female Servants."

SIXTH DEPARTMENT-TRADE AND INTERNA-

TIONAL LAW.

The proceedings of this section were opesed at twelve
o'clock. The rioucrreit GCNEKAL presided. His Excellency
the Lord Lieutenant was present daring the reading of
some of the papers. There was a large attendance of ladies
and gentlemen.

Mr. T. Ban= read • piper on cotton. Re said—ln the
List few centuries apprehensions bad been entertained
that the soil of Britain wee unequal to the support of •
continually increasing population, and m the reign of
Queen Elizabeth restrictions to the increase of dwellings were
attempted to be enforced. Improvement in agriculture,
nevertheless, greatly relieved the pressing necessity for the
imported supplies of food, and upon the whole to the corn-
meucement of the peewit century home produce supplied
increesiog wants; but in the reign of lieu. 111. the agricul-
tural products were inadequate to afford abundance to the
greatly enlarged population. The landed proprietors were
scare of this fact, and being pressed by heavy taxation, re-
sulting from the costly continental wars, obtained from the
legislature protection for corn, under the double plea of being
enabled to meet the demands of the people fur food and of
the national exchequer for the exigencies of the State.
Under extraordinary difficulties, the system of protection
was continued to the year ltiki but them wise counsel' pre-
vailed, sod corn beams essentially • free commodity of ex-
change. Food having, cousequently, been provided for, and
ita unrestricted foreign import being permitted, increased
productiveness at home of everything which could be con-
verted into exports for the payment of coming comforts
incited to unwonted activity. The industry engaged in the
fabrication of wuollec manufactures has been eireumueribed
by the limited production of homegrown wool, and though
large imports of beautifully goo wool have given a great
inipulse to this branch of bonines, yet neither the want.
of the people in this or any other country of woollen fabrics
could create a demand to employ iricrossing labour to the
extent of its existence, nor °cumin° productions of this
class to supply payment for this whole of those