The Northern Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1856-08-06 00:00:00

QUARANTINE AT THE RUSSIAN PORTS

A despatch dated Vienna, August 5, announces
the re-establishment of quarantine in the Russian
ports.
The same despatch mentions that the Turkish
provinces are quiet, and that the Anglo-Polish
Legion had been disbanded.

THE FRENCH FUNDS

PARIS, TUESDAY EVENING.
The Funds closed to-day with the Three per
Cents., 70f. 75c.

THE FRENCH TROOPS ON THE SPANISH

FRONTIER

The Moniteur of yesterday announces that Spain
being now pacified, the Emperor has given orders
to suspend entirely the movement of French
troops towards the frontier. The Emperor will
return to St. Cloud on the Oth instant.

THE EAST

MARSEILLES, MONDAY, AUG. 4, 8 P M

The Danube has arrived with advices from Con-
stantinople of the 28th July. The steamer Cale-
donia has arrived from Constantinople. Marshal
Pelissier has left Marseilles for Plombieres.

FRANCE.

(PRO][ OTTR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, MONDAY EVENING

You will have seen by the Moniteur, forwarded
by the early mail, that' Marshal Pelissier, on land-
ing at Marseilles, received a letter from the Empe-
ror, informing him that the title of Duke bad been
conferred upon him. This leads people to suppose
that the Emperor has at last plucked up courage
to execute a design he has long been known to
contemplate—the granting of titles to his
principal adherents, partly to reward their ser-
vices, and partly to build up a new Bonapartian
aristocracy. It is not said what the precise title
of Marshal Pelissier is to be : some people guess
that it will be simply " Duke Pelissier ;" others
that he will be "Duke de Sebastopol."
In the absence of political news of interest, peo-
ple are talking a good deal about the approaching
marriage of the celebrated cantatrice,
Duprez, with a poor Belgian musician, named Van
den Hueven. From her brilliant position at the
theatre, her youth, beauty, virtue, and wealth, the
young lady might have married many a man of
illustrious lineage, but she preferred to wed her
lover.

The Madrid accounts to-day are not important,
but they say that painful suspense existed at
Madrid, owing to the government appearing not
to know what to do with its victory, and to its
vanquished adversaries being full of menace.
Espartero had left for Logrono, his country seat.
As St. Petersburg news sometimes reach this
city sooner than England, it may be well to state
that we have letters announcing that Sir C Napier
had had an audience of the Emperor, and been
kindly received by him ; also, that he had examined
the fortress of Cronstadt, and was to be present at
some grand manoeuvres of the Russian fleet.
A San Francisco letter, in the Independance, of
Brussels, makes an assertion which I have not
seen in any English journal. It is, that the vigi-
lance committee of San Francisco contemplates
nothing less than the separation of California from
the United States, and the formation of it, with
Sonora and Lower California, into an independent
republic.

INDIA AND CHINA MAILS.

SOUTHAMPTON, AUGUST 5.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamship
Euxine, Captain A. Kelloch, arrived here today, at 4.30
a.m., with the heavy portion of the India mail. The
Euxine left Alexandria July 22; Malta, July 26; and
Gibraltar July 31. She brings 63 passengers, among
whom are the Rajah of Rumpore, Majors Fulton and
Graham, Captains Bacon, Hughes, Parsons, and Grant,
Lieutenants Godfrey and Parsons, R.N.

Her cargo consists of 2,009 packages of silk, 607 sacks
of wheat, and 50 packages of general cargo.
The Rajah of Rumpore is a handsome young man,
dressed in most gorgeous fabrics. The sword he wears is
worth upwards of £l,OOO. He visits England on account
of some dispute with the East India Company.
The Queen Dowager and heir apparent of the kingdom
of Oude, with their numerous retinue, were to have come
home in the Euxine ; but room could not be found for
them on board that steamer, and they are remaining at
Cairo until the next packet. The Queen lost a jewel
case overboard at Suez, which, amongst other ♦aluables,
contained a necklace worth £lO.OOO. Divers ware
endeavouring to fish it up from the Red Sea. She pre-
sented Captain Bla'-k, of the steamer Bengal, which con-
veyed her to Suez, with 1,000 rupees, and every other
officer of the ship with 500 rupees each. She also munifi-
cently compensated a seaman of the Bengal, who had
fallen overboard. She has with her immense treasures,
and is going to contest in the British parliament, with
Lord Dalhousie and the East India Company, the justice
of the dethronement of her son. She and all her suite
will arrive at Southampton in about a fortnight's time.
The Euxine has experienced fine
,weather homewards,
westerly winds having prevailed during her passage
between Malta and Gibraltar. During her voyage she
saw the following vessels :—On the 27th July, at 4 p.m.,
saw the wreck of the steamship Spartan on the Cane
rocks, and at 7 p.m., a screw steamer standing off, and
apparently waiting for fine weather to visit the above
wreck. 30th July, 3 p.m.—Brig Chesterfield off Gibraltar,
steering to the westward. 31st July—Schooner Maid of
Athens, lat. 36.25, lon. 7.20, steering N. W. Ist August—
Off the Burlings passed; screw steam transport W. S.
Lindsay, with artillery for England. Also, steamship
Sultan with the Peninsular mails, steering for Lisbon.
The Euxine left at Alexandria H.M.S. Tartarus. At
Malta—H.M.S. Hibernia, Algiers, and Perseverance, the
two latter getting under weight for England. At Gibral-
tar—H.M.S. Simoom, Vesuvius, and Centaur; also the
united States frigate Susquehanna.
- • SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
GIBRALTAR' July 25.—Arrived : The steamship Aleppo,
7 days from Liverpool, with a general cargo, for Alexan-
dria (cleared.) 2911 L—The steamship Tamaulipas, 12
days from Alexandria, and 6 from Malta, with a general
cargo, for Liverpool (cleared.)
, Gibraltar Exchange on London at 90 days, 51 1.16.
Paris ditto, sfr. 38c.
Freights to London and outports in the United King-
dom, 12 dollars per ton, and 10 per cent.

EXTENSIVE FORGERIOS IN THE BANK

OF FRANCE

A letter dated Paris, Monday evening, announce that
an alarming discovery has just been made, that an im-
mense number of forged notes of the Bank of France,
amounting, it is supposed, to the value of many millions
of francs, are in circulation. The forgeries are so
ingeniously executed that several of the most
experienced clerks in the bank were unable to
detect them. It was only after a bundle of sus-
pected notes had been minutely scrutinised by
several persons that the minute difference between
the false and the genuine paper was detected. It was then
found that out of a parcel of 88 rotes 87 were forged. The
affair is so serious that orders have been given at th.
government offices not to receive notes in payment at all
unless they are first marked as good by the Bink. As far
as at present known, all the forged notes are of the deno-
mination of 100 francs.

GARSTON LOCAL BOARD OF HEALTH.—The usual monthly
meeting of this body was held at four o'clock yesterday,
in the temporary offices of Mr. Hill, plumber and gla-
zier, Aigburth, Mr. Alderman Cooper in the chair. Other
members present : Messrs. Chaloner, Moss, Chidson,
Morris, Watts. Goodwin, Bevan. The minutes of the last
meeting were read mad confirmed. The proceedings of the
work's committee were read. The Surveyor submitted
plans for four additional lamps in Aigburth Vale, which
were ordered to be placed there. In reference to a com-
plaint by Mr. Moss of the nuisance from the smoke of
steamers passing his house on the river, the Law Clerk
reported that the Board had no power in the mater. The
minutes were confirmed, and it was agreed that the Law
Clerk should communicate with the General Board in Lon-
don, as to their powers in the matter brought under their
notice by Mr. Moss. From the proceedings of the Finance
Committee it appeared that the accounts of the township
bad been audited and found correct. This concluded the
business, and the Board adjourned.

TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
BETWEEN ENGLAND AND AMERICA.

The extension of lines of telegraphic communication
over the earth's surface constitutes, perhaps, the most
remarkable illustration of the successful results attainable
by scientific knowledge, when in conjunction with the
energy and enterprise of the present day. Twenty years
Ago the telegraph was merely a theory' now it is an
indispensable necessary, and a matter of every-day use.'
We have seen the range of its operation constantly
extended from the period of its introduction, until at the
present time all the principal towns of America and
Europe are linked together by its agency; and the magic
wires have penetrated, on the one hand, as far north as
St. Petersburgh, and on the other, as far east as Con-
stantinople. While we write, the submarine communica-
tion is being extended between France and Africa, in
order to unite the Algerian colonies of that empire with
their parent country ; and schemes for connecting up in
a similar manner our East Indian possessions and the
United States with the telegraphic system of this country
and Europe are not only matured, but in progress towards
a speedy realisation. We now propose more particularly
to direct the attention of our readers to wh-at has been
done, and is doing, towards the accomplishment of the
mighty enterprise that we have last referred to—the

construction, by American enterprise, of an electric
connection across the broad Atlantic between this country
and America, in order to place the New World within
instantaneous rapport of the Old.
In August last year a steamship sailed from New
York to Newfoundland, to lay a submarine cable from
the Western coast of that island to Cape ' Breton,
the only submarine link, that was wanting to con-
nect New York with St. John's, a point two days
nearer to England than Halifax in Nova Scotia. That
effort failed. After an absence of four weeks the steamer
returned, having sunk forty miles of cable in the Gulf of
St. Lawrence, and then been obliged to cut it in a heavy
gale, to save the barque which carried it from shipwreck.
Undeterred, however, by this failure, the directors of the
company immediately ordered a new cable, of improved
construction, from the makers iu England. A few weeks
since it was embarked from London on board the
steamship Propontis, and we have now to' record the
complete success of the attempt. The vessel then
started from Cape Ray Cove in Newfoundland, at a rate
of about six miles an hour, and in fifteen hours had
crossed the Gulf of St. Lawrence, a distance of eighty-
five miles, and landed the cable in perfect order at Ashby
Bay, in Cape Breton. Messages are now freely and
instantaneously transmitted from shore to shore.
There only remains between one and two hundred miles
of telegraph to be built on the land, to make the line com-
plete. The company have about 700 men at work in
Newfoundland and on Cape Breton. The line from St.
John's to the point in Nova Scotia, where it meets the
lines of the American Telegraph Company, is 825 miles.
The whole will be finished by the first of September, so

that telegraph communication will then be established
from New York -to St. John's, a distance, as the telegraph
runs, of over 1,700 miles.
But the great obstacle still remains—the wide, wido
sea! How to cross the Atlantic Ocean is the grand pro-
blem. A. project has been suegested for getting round
the difficulty by following up the coast of Labrador, and
then Crossing to Greenland, and thence to Iceland and the
Faroe Island, and so reaching Europe by gradual stages.
Rut this is an immensely long and round-About way.
Besides, the dangeraare increased as you go North. Here
you come into the region of ice, which, near the shores,
freezes to the bottom, and when it breaks up would des-
troy any cable that could be laid. The same danger
renders it impossible to cross the Banks of Newfoundland,
where icebergs often get aground, and where thousands
of fishing vessels cast their anchors. There is no way but
to choose a deep place off the cliffs of Newfoundland, and
north of the Banks, and there plunge boldly in, and swim
straight for the coast of Ireland. From shore to shore
the distance is 1,640 geographical miles. Can any human
power stretch a cable across this vast space, swept by
the wild and stormy Ocean ?
The first step is to measure the ground—or rather the
water. Explorers must pioneer the way. They must
get down to the bottom of the ocean, and creep alone its
mighty bed, to find what rocks or,- currents there baffis
the pathway of the seas. This difficult work has'been
partly done already. Three years ago, Lieutenant Berry.
man, of the U.S. navy, then in command of the brig
Dolphin, was employed by the government, at the request
and under the direction of Lieutenant Maury, of the
Observatory at Washington, to make a series of deep sea
soundings along this track to Europe. The result was
very remarkable. He discovered that here the bottom of
the great deep, instead of being broken into hills and
valleys, as in some parts of the ocean, was of a very
uniform depth. And instead of the enormous abyss of
five or six miles, which has been found in some parts of'
the globe, it seldom reached a greater depth than 2,000
fathoms. In short this whole distance from Newfound-
land to Ireland forms a grand plateau, which seems
fashioned by the hand of the Creator to bear up this line
of intelligence, by which thoughts are to be Sashed from
continent to continent.
Another fact of great importance was clearly ascer-
tained—that at the bottom of the sea on this plateau there
are no rocks and no currents ! Wherever the lead struck
bottom, it brought up, by an ingenious contrivance
attached to the fathoming line—an invention of Lieut.
Brooke, of the Navy—a portion of the ocean's bed, which
was found to consist always of a soft sand. This was
first thought to be mere clay or common earth. But when
brought home and placed under a powerful microscope, it
was found composed of millions of shells, once the habi-
tation of those myriad forms of life which fill the sea.
While living they floated in the upper waters, and as
their brief existence expired, they sunk down to these
tranquil depths. Here for ages they have fallen like
snow, covering with their almost invisible forms every
submarine mountain and plain. Their minute structures
are perfect, showing that there has been no sweeping of
currents, no rolling of waves, to abrade and crush their
fragile forms. They lie as they fell, unbroken, in those
calm, eternal depths. In this soft ooze may sink the iron
chain that links continents together, and there lie undis-
turbed for ages.
The great importance of these discoveries to the success
of this enterprise, led the Telegraph Company recently to
apply to the Government to have these soundings repeated,
with increased facilities for making a complete and accu-
rate survey. This application was warmly seconded by
Lieutenant Maury of she U.S. Observatory, and Professor
Bache, of the Coast Survey, who regarded these facts as
of great scientific importance. It is highly to their
honour that they showed an earnest and enlightened zeal
in a matter of such public interest, and it is equally to
the praise of Mr. Dobbin, the Secretary of the Navy, that
he entered so cordially into their plans, and gave to theta
the sanction and authority of the Government.
The propeller Arctic, which is already known as the
gallant vessel which bore Captain Hartstein and his crew
through all the dangers of the last Arctic Expedition to
rescue Dr. Kane and his companions, has been assigned
to the task. She is placed under the command of Lieut.
Berryman, who made the soundings before, and whose
experience will be of great service.
The vessel has been thoroughly equipped at the Na
vy
Yard for the expedition. All her guns have been taken
out, as she goes on an errand of peace, and their place
supplied by scientific instruments. She carries out over
100,000 fathoms of sounding line, and every, instrument
requisite for determining the depth, temperature, and
currents of the sea.
The Arctic has sailed on her voyage to Newfound-
land, from whence she will strike directly across the
ocean. The proposed soundings will probably occupy two
months. The expedition is expected to return about
the end of October.
Should the result of this submarine survey confirm the
present impressions of the route, the cable will imme-
diately be ordered, and will probably be laid down in
June or July of' the next year.
While the spirit of enterprise is thus active in America,
these lines of communication are, as we have already
noticed, being rapidly extended in other parts of the
world. The telegraph needs only to pass the Ocean, from
Newfoundland to. Ireland, to connect the two great con-
tinental systems, and to form a chain of communication
between all the commercial centres of the world. Soon,
too, the lines of telegraph will strike 'into the heart of
Asia, and stretch to India, and even to. Australia.
Should this gigantic scheme be successfully completed,
it will revolutionise all the inter, ourse of the two hemi-
spheres. The globe will be, as it were, comp-essed into
a smaller compass, and instead of being a bilge array of
dissevered continents and remote islands, it will become
like one vast human brain, covered all over with a fine
network of nerves, along which lines of light will flash and
dart in every direction. News from Europe will be pub-
lished in our papers as regularly as from Philadelphia or
Washington; and every morning we may read what was
spoken the night before in the House of Commons, or what
transactions took place on the Royal Exchang. ; nay, if
there be another war in Europe, another siege like that of
Sehnktopol, we may receive tidings direct from the field
of conflict, and know how the battle goes from hour to

hour.
The imagination is utterly confounded in contemplating
results so vast. Let us hope that when the world is thus
brought into close union, and daily intercourse, it may be
not to receive tidings of war and blood, but that messages
of peace may unceasingly pass from one portion to another
of the family of mankind.

Tthfuel
un arCoCri.-
FRIGR'rrtIL DEATIr AT SHEFFIELD.--Shortlywksornbeesfoirrse.
t) effi el.i
gh
eleven o'clock on Monday morning, a fdr
dlve nnit
Ho euetutrorne da
da ts
otnhse,
usiiglvhers-tprlaetti,nszor
tunate victim of the casualty is a girl named Emma
Memmott, aged 13 years, who was employed to assist in
the various occupations of the works. A few moments
before eleven o'clock she was engaged at a lathe making up
some finished articles, when a shaft, which runs underneath
the lathe, caught her dress. The place where she was
caught was at the coupling point and so firm was the hold
which had been taken, that her efforts to disentangle herself
were fruitless. She screamed aloud, and a man named
Birks, who was at work close by, ran to her assistance. A
strong iron bar which had been placed in front of the lathe
bad enabled her to withstand the drawing of the shaft, and
Birks, who took hold of her, feeling that she was being
dragged from his grasp, called lustily for assistance, and for
the engine to be stopped. In another moment, however,
the poor girl was dragged from his arms, the strong iron
bar bent, and the body literally twisted round the shaft,
which was revolving at the rate of 300 times a minute. It
was about a minute before the engine was stopped, and then
the mangled corpse was shocking to look upon. Though it
was presently known 'that the girl was dead, yet the men
who extricated her from the shaft hurried her to the
Inliraary, but the attention of the surgeon was fruitless.