The Express.
London, England, 1861-10-15 00:00:00

Ilis loniship resumed hi seat amid renewed applause.

The Ltrl of DURHAM moved a vote of thanks to the chair.
man, awl on a signal from the Right Hon. T. E. fleadlarn,
three cheers were given for Earl Rumen.

The banquet which took place in the evening wee served
up in the new Town•hall, the ladies of Newcastle oxupying
the side galleries after dinner.

The Earl of DeSwam presided, and was supported on his
right by the Right Hon. the Earl Russell, the Right lion.
T. E. Ileaßarn, M.P., W. B. Ikaumunt, Esq., M.P., the
AttureerGseeral (Sir W. Atherton), Henry Pease, Esq.,
M.P., W. D. Seymour. Esq., Recorder of Newcastle,
Rev. E. C. Ogle, Rev. R. W. Goodenough, MajorGoteral
Bockworth, lion. W. Napier, and Sir liedworth
Bart. Os the chairman's left were the Right Hoo. Lord
Hastings, the Right Hon. W. Hutt, M.P.. Lord Amberley,
It. D. Shafts, Egg., M.P., Mr. Adams, M.P., H. C. Silver-'
top, Esq., 11. B. Barker, Esq., John Fawcett, Fag., Sir
W. G. Armstrong, Edward Riddell, EA., Hoe. and Rev.
Mr. Villiers, Gemmel Hiatt, C. 8., kc.
After disposing of the usual loyal and patriotic toasts,
Ths aoble CHslitaisaf gave "The Health of Earl Rumen,"
which was received with greet cheering.
Earl Rumour. then rose amid a hunt of applause. On
silence being restored his lorlship said—Gentlemen, it is
with feelings of the deepest gratitude that I rise to iickuuw.
lido the toast which has now been drunk. It has been my
fete to have taken part in many political measures during •
tolerably long political life, and 1 take this approbation of
youis—of • set of men so enlightenad—es • testimony that
I have not dahonourod my principles, that I have
done nothing to impair the honour or to injure the interests
of my country. (Loud cheers.) Gentlemen, if I have been
successful in any of the measures that I have promos', it
has bean that I have proposed in more fortunate times
eseaseres which had the approbation of gentlemen who have
gam before me, that I have endeavoured to follow in the
footsteps of Lord Grey, Lord Holland, Mir Samuel Romilly,
and Lord Durham. (Loud cheers.) My noble friend
ass, me has justly and correctly alluded to that which
happened in IMO. Lord Grey at that time being of the
councils of his sovereign resolved to introduce • measure
founded on those principles of reform of which through
life he hail been the advocate ; and, let me say that there
aka be no noire gratifying, no more noble spectacle in the
history of the public life of statesmen than to see Lord
'Grey, who in adverse times had been content to give his
opinion, and had then allowed rivals of far less talent, of
far lass well.founded principles than himself, to carry on
the government of the country and enjoy power, without
any envy on his part—it was • great spectacle to see
this man when the opinions of the people came
mood to him, and when he resumed, without passion and
without resentment, those plans for the benefit of his
country of which he bad always been the distinguished ad-
vocate. (Applause.) Lord Grey, as my noble friend haa
said, called to his assistance his noble brother, Lord Dur-
ham. (Loud cheers.) It was my happiness to have been
associated in that work with Lord Durham ; we laboured
together to the same end in perfect harmony and agreement
as to the methane that we thought mammy for the re-
form of the representation. (Loud cheers.) With us was
joined • ponots whose absence I deeply deplore to-day, who
would have been hire to-day if his health had allowed him,
and whose talents have been of the greatest service to his
country—l mom Sir James Graham. (Cheers.) With
these two was Lord Dungannoo, who was specially ac-
quainted with many parte of our representative system.
We formed the plan of reform—(cheers)—and that reform,
as you all know, was nut only carried, but has now been
nearly 30 yeses is operation. That it has operated bens&
cially I cannot doubt—(cheers)--and it has led the way to
many other great measures, which never could have been
carried in an unreformed parliament. (Cheers.) And,
geutlsmeu, let me say, when I embarked in public life I
embarked with the view of carrying great measures into
effect, and having great public objects before me. It ap
pearl to me that public life is only honourable when it is
directed to such measures—(applause)—and that the pedlar
who sells his pins sod pincuthams for sixpence base better,
because • honeeter, trade than the map who devotee his
talents to public life but for the sake of seeking Lis own
asnolurneut. Gentlemen, many of those measures which I
have noticed have been successful. We need not now refer
to thorn ; but there is one point which perhaps 1 may War
to, because it respects a principle which, I think, runs
through nary of our measures of later time., and shows an
improvement in the general principles of government. What
I mean is this, that a great part of our task—for instance, all
our measures in favour of religious liberty, relieving first the
protestant dissenters, then the Homes aitholica, and lastly
sad recently the Jews—and all our measures with regard to
fres trade--have boon measures not introtluciug new plans
—not founded upon skilfully devised schemes, but have been
merely unloosing the fetters which statutes and laws had
placed upon the due liberty of the subject. (Applause.) It
is the business of government to maintain iutereal peace, to
settle the civil relations which should prevail among
the community, to defend the indepeodeoce of the
country abroad; but govirrumenta have sought more
than this, they have sought to lay down rules of
faith to which they have asked men under pain
and penalty al puniahment to adhere, quite ignorant
that they, the government, were utterly unable to
frame rules of faith which should fetter the conscience.

To take the other instance to which I am alluding—els.,
that of flee trade. What struggles we have had now goes%
oe fur nearly forty years in order to enable men to do that
which is perfectly innocent in itself—vii., to extend the
products of their industry against the products of the in-
dustry of others which were objects of use, of comfort, or
of enjoyment. (Applause.) I remember, in the beginning
of thee. coateets—whee riertaiely the priociples of free
trade were not uoderstood as they now are—
• petition being presented to the House of
Commons suggesting tbst the petitioners made
gloves, but they were gloves which were very inferior to
the gloves of Prance, and they were very much dearer than
the gloves of Prestos, and therefore they prayed—what do
you seppose?—sot th►t people might be allowed to wear
the gloves of France, w►ich were cheaper and better, but
that the' gloves of France might be utterly excluded, in
order th►t they might furnish had and dear gloves.
(Leughter and applause.) Why, gentlemen, this is the
whole history of protection and free trade. (" Hear, hear,"
and amen.) Oevennients and legislatures have presumed
that they should be profitable as they were to the country
at hap. net seeing that if you leave uses to their freedom
they wash' led out themselves what wen the oecupatioes
whir► vivid he mot profitable, what were the goods which

The Italians say, and they say with great apparent justice,'.
that the iodepeudence of Italy cannot be fully consummated
wile. Name, the capital, is in their Lauds. (Loud cheers.)
I may say that I am sure they will be willing to found in
that city au Italian government, and that is • part
of Italy associated with ancient glory and with an-
cient institutions ; but then, as Italy has not Home,
they cannot willingly make it • kingdom. Wall, on the
other hand, the Roman catholics of Europe my that they
require that the independence of the Pope should be re-
spected, and many say that it cannot be respected without
a territorial government. That is a discussion which ha
been going on for some time, and I observed in what I was
reading this morning—an essay by one of the most learned
ealesiastive of Italy—that the opinion is now gaining ground
that, whether the temporal power ought to become the
right of the King of Italy or not, the spiritual power
would I* more felt, would be more respected, and would

be exercised more fairly if the spiritual was separated
from the temporal. In the conclusion of the discourse to
which I have alluded he said that is what is wished
by those in Italy, and that is what is wished
la rend cirdised nations in the world. (Applause.) This,
as I have said, is not a question upon which we can take the
initiative, but this I will say—l think that what that learned
ecclesiastic has proposed, and which is in consonance with
the opinions given by that gentleman now ',initial regretted
(Count arrow), will furnish a solution to the Italian thin-

culty, end that it will be a great means of securing the after
independence and happiness of Italy. Geotlemen, let us
look for a moment at another part of the
world, or at soother country, which for my part
have also observed with the greatest interest—
the United States of America. It appears to me that it
would be a great misfortune to the world if that experiment
in free government, which, though not carried on on exactly
the same principles as those of our own, was conducted on
principles which had been devised with great wisdom— it
would be, I say, a very great misfortune if anything were to
happen it that State. I am sorry to say that those events
have haTpened, and we now see two parties contending
together, not upon the question of slavery—though that I
believe is the original cause of the conflict—not
contending with respect to free trade and pro-
tection, but contending, en so many States of
the old world have contended, the one side for
empire and the other fur power. Far be it
from us to set ourselves up as judges in this matter, but I
cannot help asking myself, as effeirs progress in the contest
to what good end can it lead ? Supposing this contest
elided by the re-union of its different parts, that the South
should agree to enteragain with all the rights of the constitu-
tion, should we not again have that fatal subject of slavery
brought in along with them ? (Cheers.) That subject of
slavery that caused. uo doubt, the disruption we all
agree must sooner or later cease from the face
of the earth. (Cheers.) Well then, gentlemen,
as you will see, if this quarrel could be made up,
should we not have those who differed with Mr. Lincoln at

the last election carried, and thus the quarrel would recom-
mence, and perhaps a long civil war follow. On the other
band, supposing the United States completely to conquer
and subdue the Southern States—supposing that should be
the result of a long military cooHict—suppoeing that that
should be the result of some years of civil war, should
I we not have the material prosperity of that country in a
great degree destroyed ? should we see that respect for
liberty which has so long distinguished our North American
brethren ? and should we not see those Northern men yield.
lug to a force, and would not the North be necessitated to
keep in subjection those who had been conquered, and
would not that very materially interfere with the freedom
of nations? And if that should be the unhappy result to
which we at present look forward--if by means such se
then the reunion of the Stake should be brought about,
is it not the duty of those men who have embraced the pre-
cepts of Christianity to see whether this conflict cannot be
avoided! Gentlemen, I have made these observations to

you upon matters, as I have maid, deeply affecting us all,
but not upon matters in which the government of this
country has any immnliate power, or indeed any
imniedLite interest. Had there been cases of that

kind it would not have been consistent with

my duty aa Foreign Secretary to hare ■pukes

to you in detail upon such subjects, but with regard to
these duties I can only point nut to you, if it is at all ne-
cessary to point it out, that the world being disturbed by
aeiertions of nationality, by assertions of authority on the
other side, by conflicts and disturbances occurring almost
daily in some parts of Europe as well es in America—
(cheers)—in these cams it is the duty of the Foreign Minister
of this country, it is the duty of the head of the govern-
ment of this country, to watch closely what happens, to
respect the independence of all foreign nations, bat
not to let go any part of that vigilance which becomes
ministers of England at this time, not to impair any part
of the influence tf this country, because that influence may
be used in the cause of freedom and of humanity—("bear,
hear," and cheers)—not to lower in any respect
the power of this country, because that power
may be absolutely necessary to preserve the freedom of
Europe, to viudicate the independence of nations, and to
guard her own dignity and freedom. (Cheers.) Much has
been said on the continent of Europe in disparagement of
any noble friend who is now at the heed of the govern-
meat, but on examining those strictures, I have never bees
able to make out inure than this, that he was reckoned to Is•
too susceptible with regard to the interests of his country. I
shall be at little pains to vindicate bins from such en attack.
(Hear, hear.) On the cesamry, I own that my noble friend
constantly devoted his attention to keep clear and mogul-
lied the honour of England—(applause)—to keep uninjured
and unimpaired the toteresta of England. (Cheers.) And
it is my Privilege to help him in that great task. (Cheers.)
Ido feel that to be entrusted with such • task by
the people of so grist and so free a country as this is is
something that maker public life worth having—(cheers)--
that lightens its labour, that lightens its anxieties.
And I may add, that while that Mak is this rendered
honourable, while it isms which a man may be prouiltoun-
dertake, it is no small addition that if he has acted upon the
whole for thebsoefit of his country, whatever errors and nib-
takes he may have modest times, he will meet framandian
assembly as the present the kind and indulgent acceptance of
his effort., and that at all events they will give hiss credit
for the firm intention to de all he could for "Old Wand."
His lordship then resumed his seat amidst prolonged
applause.
A great assay ether toasts were given, and the meeting
Male up abbot tea pas.

they thought they could manufacture, what was A REAL SOCIAL EVIL.
the article of commerce which they could produce
to the the best advantage. It is therefore, bot only Last week we had torn port of an inquest at
that we have passed some very excellent measures, but that ' q
as
we have enlarged and enlightened the whole machinery of Holloway on the body of &young lady who met her death,
government, when we my that there are certain things in . many other women have within the last five years, from
the absurd and mischievous fashion of wearing enormous
which government ought not to interfere, upon which the .
the best judge, and to him 'and distended skirts. From Wakefield we had aa account
man himself, the subject, is
i of • female servant burnt nearly to death from the Name
must be left the choice of his occupation. (Cheers.) Above
all, I urn happy to say we have it nut in this country, but i 'mu"' aid Yesterd" a London physician walking in the
pare
of the public streets had his leg caught by • steel skirt and recieved
is many countries people consider that it is •
very serious injuries. The remark moms to he a just one—
duty of government to fetter and to bind the talents and
abilities of men, and that upon no subject of politics, upon ; that no fashion of dress on record has probably caused so
deaths. In the fatal case of last week the jury added to
no subject of morals, upon no subject of literature, even many
should men use the talents with which God has endowed .their verdict of Accidental Death "a strong recommends-
, Hon that, from the numerous fatalities which have occurred
them, without the control and permission of the officers of
Such, then, gentlemen, have ,in all classes of female society, the pretreat fashion should the government. (Cheers.)
be immediately abandouraL" The deputy-core/her agreed
been the general principles upon which the measures to
which I alluded have been passed ; they have beau I with the jury.
sound principles, and, as j have said, j frost I A wish has been more than once expressed that somebody
they will apply is future times to many other awes of • i would publish the number of victims to accidents from the
similar kind. (Cheers.) Now, gentlemen, let me allude to use of crinoline and hoops since the present mania set in.
two questions in which, indeed, we are more inunediately : Is the last century there was a fashion of hoops, which we
ooacereed, and upon which the whole of this country is i all, in our young days, considered so foolish Rod ugly that
! II sensibly affected oar impression of female character in
naturally interested, because they allude to cases in foreige
countries that meet deeply affect the whole world. I will I that generation. The idea that our countrywomen could
allude in a few words to what has been my course since I have . ever again adopt such an absurdity was scouted, when pro.
I pounded by some philosopher who understood the laws of the
been entrusted with the seals of the Foreign Department.
That course his been to respect the independence of foreign human mind in regard to the authority of fashion. But the
mamas, sad to endeavour to induce others to do the same. 1 hoop of the eighteenth century was far less troublesome sad
mischievous than that of the nineteenth. Readers of " sir
(Hear, bear.) There is one of those countries with which '
we have had much to do, and of which we have heard much :Charles Grandison" remember that Harriet Byron and
her friends were wont to " slip their hoops over the left
of late years—l nieso Italy. We have all seen with plea-
shoulder" in order to get into a sedan chair, and also
sure— I see that a very distinguished man, Mr. Henley,
air there ie.o one in the country who has not sees with to make room for the gentlemen in the coach. Thu roomy
pleasure—the Italians casting off their old chains, and family coach of those days would not have aocommodated
en if the ladies' hoot* had hung down. But the
exercising the powers of government for themselves, and the gentlem
putting thenewlees in the way of gaining that adduction . ladies were more considerate then than now, end had their
we dresser, made as that the hoop would slip out of the way.
which of old times belonged to it only. (Applause.)
The grates then stood higher and further into the fireplace • all rejoice to see them assert that independence; we shall all I
i there were no railway platforms, and no narrow steamboat; rejoice if they establish a free government, mid thus effect
from which victims ;ould be swept to destruction by the
the happiness, the self.reepect and elevation of one of the 1
finest countries and one of the most talented nations of the ' ladies' petticoats. Bad as the fashion was, it did nut compel
the appeal to the conscience and humanity of the sex which
globe. (Great applause.) But, gentlemen, of late a diM-
our very juries now find themselves called upon to make.
culty has arisen, to which great attention has been given.

Nothing can be more distasteful to us, and to many others
who will say " Amen ! " to the comment of this jury, than
the petty tyranny which overbears the will and pleasure of
women in regard to their dress, or which annoys
them in their proper work and amusement of ar-
ranging themselves according to their own taste and con.
venience. True gentlemen were as heartily disgusted as any
ladies when, some years ago, a dirty trick was resorted to
to discredit the Bloomer dress, which was supposed to have
tome recommendations in regard to health, cleanliness, and
convenience, as well as pace. Instead of leaving women
free to decide this for themselves, their judgment was over-
borne in a singularly disgraceful way. This was not the
only occasion on which Englishwomen have had reason to
complain of molestation by masculine opinion in a province
which in professedly their own. They have also, on the
other heed, met with peat and long•continued indulgence
in regard to fashions pernicious to themselves and others.

The bonnets of the lent two or three v ran are declared by
our physicians to be the nun of the great increase of
maladies of the head and cyan ; the rheumatism,
the neuralgic penis, the denying teeth, the inflamed
eye.: yet the bonnet., which Mr. Mpurgeon walla
have preached against., but that looking round him
he "could not see any" have not been interfered
with by coroners' juries, or by patriarchal domestic autho-
rity, any more than the tight lacing which has tortured to
death many a poor martyr to a conventional idea. This

very evil of crinoline and hoop we have borne with now for
above five years, with more or lees discontent, but without
interfering. The date is fixed, and will be remembered in
history, by its being a kids older than the l'rince Imperial
of France. It suited his mother's convenience to adopt the
fashion when this birth was expected; and "all ladies in all
lands " in which French fashions beer sway have senselessly
followed the lead of the Empress till they have became re-
eponsible for more deaths, as we before observed, than any
other fashion ever caused. During these five years we
have done our best to be patient under an evil which we
hoped would be short-lived. We have had no comfort in
social meetings, because no dinner-table and no hall-roonis
no but or stall at the theatres, nu carriage, and uo bort could
accommodate both our families and ourselves. We have found
it difficult and disagreeable to walk with our wives ■nd
daughters on pavements and in lanes and country footpaths
made fur people more naturally dressed. Wu have seen the
choicest flowers in our prdens, and the most cherished
plants in our greenhouses cut off by the hoop. We have
paid a fare and a half each for wife and daughters iu tra-
velling by coach in rural districts, and have lost all our
pleasure on board steamboats from the anxiety of watching
lest any of our party should sweep a child over into the
lake or river. Our wardrobes afford no room for our
clothes, because the women of the family want more space
than they can get. For five years wa have not had room
to turn ourselves round in our own homes. The cost of
female dress in a household when every gown and petticoat,
from the wife's to the cook's, is twice as large as it ought
to be, is no small consideration to the bred-winner of the

establishment; and a graver one still is the effect
on the monde, sense, and taste of the maid servants.
In the recent report of the Education Commissioners
there is an anecdote of • school filled by 110 girls, nearly
all of whom would afterwards be domestic servants. Of
those 150 scarcely one had • pocket-handkerchief, and
scarcely one had not • hoop—a thick, hard, heavy, unyield-
ing hoop After an address by • lady who remoustreted
against the folly, and cited Min Nightingale's excellent
remarks on crinoline petticoats in her "Notes on Nursing,"
many hoops disappeared, and pocket-handkerchiefs became
more column.. The girls who did not yield had the example
of ladies and their maids to plead for continuing to require
yards of space apiece wherever they went. But what •
prospect was before them ! The cook could not pursue her
business without incessant personal danger ; the housemaid
may meet the fate of other housemaids, and be burnt to
death upon the health ; and the nursemaid is more likely
than not to push someone of the children off a footbridge, or

• river aide path, or from the causeway into the road. Such
things as these we have borne for five years without further
resistance than *declaration of our distaste to the fashion,
and an occasional hint of its inconvenience', and of tbo

afoot produced by thin folly on the general estimate of

female sense sod delicacy in our Iv and geoerstion.

The matter has now become more serious. It is *question
whether we can be justified in permitting a practice which
we were anxious to keep our temper with as a nuisance,
but which is now recognised as dangerous to life. It would
bee public service if somebody would publish a list of the
known casualties from this cause. Besides the deaths by
fire there have been ninny by crushing under carriago wheels
and in machinery, and in narrow spaces where a womau
reaosably dressed would be in no danger. There have been
cases of actual disembowelling from the gashes inflicted by
broken steel springs and hoops. There have been drown-
ing% wounds, crushing% burnings,—mazy torturing modes
of death ; and it is no wonder that juries and coroners now
appeal to the vex to cease their subornation of murder.
How is it to be done? some ask. Our countrywomen are
■pt to follow a fashion ►bjectly, we are told, because they
have a horror of appearing independent in their judgment
about external appearances, and of earning the name of
being "strong-minded women." Has it never occurred to
them what dreadful strength of mind it must require to
uphold a fashion which will inevitably cause the death by
torture of a certain number of persons before the end of
the year? We are told that the imaginations of women
are too strong for their judgment ; and that they an carried
away by an idea. We should rather may that it is from
defect of imagination that they err in this cast. If they
could once see ► girl in the agonies of burning, and hear
her shrieks; if they could once encounter the little procession
carrying a child to the hospital, his back broken by a lady's
petticoat having swept him under the wheel of a dry ; if
they could ere a factory worker caught by the skirt, and
crushed before the abaft could be stopped, they would gladly
weer any shape of gown for the rest of their days rather
ban be responsible, in the millionth degree, foe say more
such intolerable spectacles. But who is to move! There
ate ladies, and not a very few, who have throughout de-
clined making themselves foolish and mischievous ; there
an millownen who have interdicted crinoline in their fac-
tories, and hospital authorities who insist on rational and
inoffensive dress in the wards. Bat who will introduce

[T W OPENCIg

change in places of less grave occupation—al beam dr Li
science of public resort!
Surely we may look for this to the first lady in the land.
She has never exhibited the extreme of that or any other
fashion, and it must naturally be u cousideration with her
that whatever mode she adopts will be exaggerated by
others. When her daughter was on fire, some years sines,
from her hanging sleeve catching the flame as she was seal-
ing a letter, the Queen adopted hi the royal laundry the
mode of starching muslin. which prevent. their burning
dangerously, and in multitudes of private house., the ex-
' ample has been followed. If it hail been a. well known is
dowries the house of the poet Longfellow would not now
have been desolate, and the six ballet-dencen at Philadelphia,
whose fate has shocked as all, would have been living still.
If the Queen were known to discountenance, practically and
expressly, the fashion of hoops which renders it but too
easy to set women and children on fire, and impossible to put
it out, the evil would immediately disappear from our
drawing-rooms —preeently after from the farmhouse, the shop,
and the school•rwm—and ere long from the kitchen and the
workhouse. Meantime, a eorcuer's jury has pointed out to
our countrywomen a responsibility which we trust they
will, of their own free will, Mks to heart, so as to be reedy
to follow the royal example white we anticipate ; or, if that.
should be wanting, to act without it in that sphere of home
in which every English matms is a queen.

DISCONTENT AMONG THE STUDENTS OP sr.

psrsamaus9.

Letters from St. Petersburg of the and Bth,
in the Tints, contain details of the circumstances attending
the closing of the University of that city. The immediate
cause of this step appears toiler. been a meeting of student&
held in direct contravention of superior orders. The meet-
ing bad been forbidden, end the ikons of the iseture.romis
in which it was to take place locked and sealed. Seals and
locks were broken, the students entered the lecture-room,
refused to disperse when called upon to do so by the rector,
and kept the ground until they thought fit to retire. The
interview between the professors and the minister was en
interview and nothing more. Count Putiatin made a
speech, but received no reply. He spoke in particular
of • new regulation which renders the payment of 50
roubles • year obligatory on all students, remarked that
such payments were made in all other countries, that the
sum tired was not high, and, dually, that the University
ought to support itself, and that it was unjust to tar the
people for its maintenance. He also blamed the spirit of
insubordination recently manifested by the students, and,
meeting with no response from the professors, auscunced
to them his determination to close the University. What-
ever the merits cf Admiral Putiatin (the Minister of Pub-
lie Instruction) and of General Philmeon may be, the
University considers itself slighted, and, moreover, injured,
by having soldiers and sailors placed at its head. Nor
have the new regulations introduced under the auspices
,1 of these gallant officers at all tended to soften
II the very natural prejudice with which their ap-
pointment was regarded in the first 'esteem As
• sign of what is going on in the mind' of the
liberal and educated classes, it is interesting to know that
when the unpopular office of proctor was founded the
University proposed that to lieu of it a tribunal should be
formed, with a jury of students, and with a certain number
of professors, to act by turns as judges. it appears that
not long since • court so constituted tried a student for an
offence committed as • member of the University, and
ended by expelling him. A great deal has beau written in
the Russian reviews on the subject of trial by jury, and it
wai hoped that the University would be allowed to exem-
plify the working of Use system ; but it was very improbable
that any such permission would be granted, and it was, in
fact, at once refused.

The professors at the Russian universities are iced.-
quately paid. Count Putiatiu, on becoming Minister of
Instruction, resolved to double their salaries ; but the
circular in which the augmentation was ann./tweed was
worded in such a manner as to give offence to all who
received it. The professors, for instance, were recom-
mended to " fulfil their functions with more zeal, and not
to drew down misfortunes on the heads of the young men."
A benevolent society which existed hitherto among the
students has been virtually Woken up, inasmuch as the mem.
hers are no longer allowed to assemble to discuss its affairs.
Undoubtedly this association was a•"docuocratie'cbaracttr
—nut in the offensive, subversive sense of the word, but
with the broader meaning attached to it by the French.
Even the student.' library in to be broken up ; for if they
were to meet together to read, that would evidently be •
meeting. and meetings are forbidden. The Minster of
Instruction gave the students to understand that he would
see to the editing of the Sbornik if they would send him
necessary articles. They docliued the offer.
After the order against the assembling was Mimed the
students met three times. On the ith mine hundreds of
students arrived at the University, in the morning, between
9 and 10 o'clock, and were naturally anxious to learn why
the doors were closed. An announoemeut posted outside
simply informed them that the lectures were auspended until
further notice. It was resolved to ask for some explana-
tion, and accordingly a deputation wee formed for the pur-
pose of waiting upon the curator, General Philipson. This
deputation was nut received. Then a body of 300 to 400
student. proceeded to the general's house in the Kolokolnaia
and begged him to come forward and speak to them.
The gallant curator made his appeerauce, and being in-
formed that se many more students were assembled out-
side the University, all moat desirous to hear why
it had been shut up, and when it was likely to be
reopened, consented at ones to accompany his waiters to
the street or " line " (in Vassal Ostroff) in which the
University is situated. The student. marched along the
Nevaky Prospect, with the learned general in the midst of
them, and this species of procession no unusual, so utterly
unprecedented in St. Petersburg, of course attracted an
immense crowd sod before long brought out the soldiers.
Unfortunately, in the Journal de St. Peters4oury a list of
directions to commanding officers was printed, telling
them under what circumstances they are to employ their
troops against the people. Many pensions, unawate that
these directions were issued privately to the army last
month, seemed to fancy that they had been inserted in
the official journal as • sort of "caution," and with
the view of checking any demonstrations that might
ho suggested by the sudden closing of the University.
They were specially intended, no doubt, for those provinces
in which the peasants do not understand, or perhaps under-
stand only too well, the effect of the inea.sures for the ame-
lioration of their condition, but they arc applicable to all
parts of the empire, and it was certainly strange that they
should be laid before the public the very day on which it
had been determined to shut up the University of St.
Petersburg. However, General Philipeon would have no
soidiere to anseasparn him on his triumphant march to the
University, and seam gent to the right about the two com-
panies which bad presented themselves as if to afford him
their escort and protection. In Vermin Ostroff, opposite
the University, there were more soldiers drawn up,
besides two or three troops of mounted gendarmes. The
students hail now mustered in grad force, and near
them were seen General Ignatieff, the military governor of
St. Petersburg, General Patkul, the over police master,
and Admiral Putiatin, the Minister of Public Instruction.
Many of the student, called out to the Renderings to re-
tire, saying, "We are not rioters. This isnot an insur-
rection." The horses were at this time close to them, and
slimed pressing against them. The infantry executed •
movement which seen.ed to produce a general impression
that they wore about to use their anus. General Philipson,
immediately on his arrival, began to reproach the students
for their insubordinate spirit, and asked them if they had
rebooted what would be said of their conduct on this
particular occasion. He told them that they had to
thank themselves, in the first instance, for the Uni-
versity being closed, and that he had received the order
to close it from the Emperor. He added, however, that
it would be re-opened on the 2nd (11th) of October,
which yes decidedly the most important part of the speech.
The students having been desired to retire, several of them
requested General Philipson to order the troops to withdraw
first. This request was complied with, and the student,
then also left the
In the meanwhile three officers of the army who were in
the habit of attending the lectures at the University, and
who joined the students, norms` with General Philipson
from Kolokolsaia, on the Nevsky Prospect, had been ar-
rested. Seven student* are also In prison, and the great
question now is whether the prisoners will be tried accenting
to lee or simply handed over to the "third section," that
of the secret police.
re-
garded as such by the victims) were alas effected early the
A certain number of friendly arrest. (pmbsbly not
next morning. General Baranoff, having • suspicions, so
doubt, of what was about to take place. invited some
students, including the grandma of Count .tillerberg, the son
of General Bapoff, and the nephew of Pritme iniriatinskyi.to
breakfast with him. After .skfitiit he we" mt. The
ung men did nothing but the doors were locked -.4ks firmly as those of the of the kind. They tried to do so,
Uni-
versitybadsuade
wwWheh°,,,dtheyabwre opened General Philipson
his assemblage outside the tint.
vanity bed disposed.

Mu sum OF Perearre, SOUTH Klatentinow.—•
Number of visitors for the week eudiug October 12.
3,17& Total number mos the opeuiag of the mugs=
free dilly (ley 12, 12511), 423,031.