The Northern Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1856-12-31 00:00:00

MILITARY AND NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

Lieutenant-Colonel H. Anderson, in command
of the troops of the invalid establishment, Chatham,
has received an order for the whole of those troops
belonging to various cavalry and infantry regiments,
to the number of 252 men, who have been medi-
cally inspected by the Board of Commissioners
from Chelsea Hospital to be discharged from
Chatham on Thursday morning. In addition to
this number, 29 non-commissioned officers and
men belonging to the sth Fusileers and the 71st
Highlanders were yesterday inspected at Fort Pitt
Hospital and pronounced unfit for further service.
A handsomely chased silver cup, with an address
expressive of esteem and affection, has been pre•
sented to Brevet Major W. P. Collingwood, 21st
Fusileers, by the officers of the 14th battalion Land
Transport Corps. The officers in this address
express their regret at the removal of Captain Coi-
ling .vood from the corps, which regret, they say,
is only lessened by the recollection that it tends to
his benefit. Capt. Collingwood in acknowledging
the testimonial, after thanking the officers, says ho
receives it as a gratifying proof that the mainten-
ance of strict order is not incompatible with the
object of securing at the same time the respect and
affection of those subject to its
rules.
The Stromboli, 6, paddlewheel sloop, Commander
Burgess, arrived at Portsmouth on Monday from
the Mediterranean with a few invalids, v%ho were
landed by the tug Pigmy.
The Clinker, 2, steam gunboat, Lieutenant Hud-
son, arrived at Portsmouth yesterday morning from
the Mediterranean.
Her Majesty's screw block-ship Pembroke, 60,
Captain Fraser, fitting out at Portsmouth for

Coastguard service, had her compasses adjusted
yesterday.
Her Majesty's ship Shannon, 61, Captain W.
Peel, C. 8., left Spithead yesterday at noon for
Lisbon, tou..hing at Plymouth.
Her Majesty's screw steamship Victor Emmanuel,
91, got up her steam yesterday at Portsmouth, to
try her engines again.
The Prussian frigate Thetis, 40, Captain Sun-
denal, went into Portsmouth harbour yesterday
afternoon to have a refit.
The accoustic system of communicating from
deck to deck, or from or to aloft on board ship,
having answered so well in the British navy, the
Admiralty have ordered all ships to be supplied
with the tubes, and the patentee, Mr. William
Wolfe Bonney, has just returned from Cronstadt,
where lie has been fitting his tubes to the new 84-
gun steamship Retuizan. All the other ships of
the Russian navy at Cronstadt are also ordered to
be fitted in the spring with the like means of Com-
municating, in any weather or circumstances, orders
from and to any part of the ship.
Captain R. Farmer, late in command of the Royal
Marines serving on board the Nile, 90, Captain G.
R. Mundy, attached to the West India fleet, has
been relieved by Captain G. M. Mansell, and has
joined his division at Chatham on account of ill
health.
An experimental trial having been suggested to
test the depth of water required to float the Cale-
donia in Woolwich dock, the caisson was again
withdrawn yesterday, and, the tide flowing in with
rapidity, soon after 2 p.m the vessel was perceived
to be afloat. Ropes were readily adjusted, and the
warping apparatus put in motion, and she was
conveyed in safety to the river and steered across
to her moorings alongside the Salsette. In doing
this the stern part of the Caledonia, drifted by
the force of the current, caught the rigging of one
of the dockyard craft at anchor, when it was feared
no seamanship could prevent her from grounding.
However, by dint of skilful management she was
towed to her berth and made safe without damage.
Her Majesty's iron paddle-wheel steam vessel
Oberon, 3, Lieutenant Commander John M. Jack-
son (late of the Blenheim), has arrived at Wool-
wich from the Mediterranean. She has been two
years in her present commission, during which
period she was employed, first, in the Dardanelles
and the Black Sea. In June she returned to Malta,
and was engaged in the mail packet service
between Malta and the lonian Islands, until the
line was abolished. She left Malta on the 28th of
November, and experienced a boisterous passage,
in which her rudder was washed away. She
was consequently obliged to bear up for Port
Mahon, and refit to carry her home. After ship-
ping a temporary rudder she returned to Gibraltar,
and baying encountered a succession of severe
gales she cracked the entablature of her engines
On the 18th inst. she made shelter under Cape
Finisterre, where she lay at anchor until the 21st,
when she again put to sea, and reached Ports-
mouth at 230 p.m. on the 24th of December. She
left on the following day for Woolwich, but, owing
to the dense fog which obstructed the navigation,
she was obliged to anchor several times. She
arrived at Woolwich at 3 p.m. on Sunday. The
Oberon has bronght home seven invalid seamen,
and landed several passengers at Portsmouth.
Appointments :—Rear Admiral Sir Houston
Stewart, K.C.8., is appointed Commander in Chief
on the North American and West India statio❑ ;
Captain Frederick Warden is appointed Naval
Officer at Gibraltar; Captain Robert Craigie is
appointed Superintendant of the Royal William
Victualling Yard and the Naval Hospital, Ply-
mouth ; Captain George Elliot, and Captain Robt.
Smart, K.II , are appointed paid Aides de Camps
to the Queen; Captain Hastings, Captain R. Yel-
verton, C.B , and Captain G. St. Vincent King,
C.B , are appointed Aides de Camp to the Queen.
The following appointments were made on Mon-
day at the Admiralty :—Lieutenant F. W. Bennett,
to the Tortoise ; Joshua Cole, Naval Cadet, to the
Indus.

NOTES OF A TOUR FROG NiOSCOW TO THE

CRIMEA AND ODESSA.

(Continued from the Northern Times of Dec. 27.)
Ocr. 5 —The only thing which occurred to annoy us last
night, in addition to the behaviour of the tarantasse, was
the constant interruptions occasioned by the trains of
country carts on the road, with sleepy or careless drivers
and erratic propensities. Here we are really on a high
way, and there ought to be a right and a left hand side,
but the distinction is only to be established by the immi-
nent danger of collision, or by the application of the whip
to the population generally. The wild yells, the strange
objurgations, and the savage dialogue which arose as our
yamschik trundled down on a string of those carts, was
quite enough to banish sleep for the time. By the dim
light of our lamps as the tarantasse jllted past them we
could just catch a glimpse of the half awakened carrier
through the driving rain, and see him tugging manfully at
his horses, to drag them out of our line of tire. Tho lot
of the poor creatures who conduct the internal carrying
trade of Russia is scarcely to be borne by even the most
resigned of serfs, and it may be considered that they are
the most miserable class of all the miserables whose fate
it is to live under the wing of the double-headed eagle. It
is, nevertheless, true that many serfs envy the carriers,
for their life is free. That is, it frt quently happens that
the man who is a sort of fluctuating, uncertain property,
always on the move, and shifting his position from place
to place, is practically out of the reach of the superintend-
ent, and is sometimes liberated from serfdom altogether in
consideration of a certain sum paid down to his master.
Through the summer heats and in the winter's cold the
carrier drives on night and day, and accomplishes by the
endurance of every privation and by the most stolid,
ox-like persistence the most enormous distances. The
frozen lake, the great inland sea. the turbid mountain
torrent, the pathless steppe, the dull, dead, straight high-
road,—he plods over or along them all with equal indif-
ference, prepared for so many copecks per pood, to carry
a load as far round the world as Russia extends.
Clad in a high-smelling sheepskin coat, with the skin
turned outwards and " the woolly side in," a sheepskin
cap, a surcoat of cotton, a red shirt, loose linen trousers,
drawn over a wonderful series of cloth cuisses, and great
jack boots, made of most unmistakeable Russia leather,
with his own little particular saint fastened round his
neck, a loaf of black bread somewhere in his cart. a co-
peck or two for the purchase of corn whisky in his
pocket and a store of onions and cabbages for his humble
meal, the carrier will start from Moscow to Tartary,
Odessa, or to Tiflis with equal indifference. The cart is
a light framework of wood, with sides of birch bark, and
a tilt roof of coarse canvas or oilcloth stretched over
hoops. The wheels are not always provided with iron tires
—indeed, never in the south of Russia, and the rim is com.
posed of pieces which form very imperfect circles, and
seem very slightly connected with each other. The axles
project far beyond the naves, and curious gye ropes and
stays of rope springing out of these parts are connected
with the shafts, and aid in holding the fabric together.
The harness is of leather and rope, the horses are hardy
and hairy, and will make an honest and ample livelihood
by pickings of bits of wood-shavings, thistles, and weeds
along the borders of the highway or on the stony steppe.
The load of a cart rarely exceeds I# cwt, and the cost of
carriage is so much increased by the greatness of the dis-
tances to be traversed, thkt notwithstanding the absolute
cheapness of transport considered per se, as so much per
pood per verst, the prices are very much affected as the
traveller approaches or recedes from the sea. Thus the
transport of a bottle of wine from Odessa to Kharkoff
adds a shilling to its price, and the rate increases in pro-
portion with the weight rather than with the bulk of the
article to be carried. These men suffered most dreadfully
during the war. They were pressed for service wherever
they could be found, and forced at the point of the lance
to carry loads which often proved destructive to the carts
and fatal to the horses, if, indeed, the proprietors sur-
vived to witness the loss- In snowdrifts and in lakes of
mud these wretched men sank to rise no more, or staggered
on, fever-stricken, over the parched 'steppe till they lay
down to die in the blazing sunshine. The number of men
and animals used up in this way exceeds belief, and,
although, after my personal experience of the route which
they followed, I can believe what was stated to me. I dare
not tax the credulity of your readers by repeating the
figures to them. I have a kind of sleepy consciousness
that we changed horses several times during the
night, and that an immense deal of time was
generally lost in getting out the quadrupeds,
waking up the yamschiks, and fighting the postmasters,
and a good deal of grumbling took place whenever the
purse-bearer was roused up to pay for greasing the
wheels, or to give the drivers their na vodka or na tchai
(literally " for brandy or " for tea ")—drink money.
With the morning light came no very pleasant prospect ;
rain still fell at intervals, the country smoked with a kind
of misty dew, and the poor villages of wooden houses by
the roadside looked ultra uncomfortable in their environs
of thick black mud. The country, however, seemed fer-
tile, and was not destitute of marks of cultivation. The
surface lay on either side of us in a series of easy undula-
tions studded with clumps of trees or patches of forest,
and marked out into fields by hedges which were preparing
themselves by looking as dry, as spiky, and as rough as
possible, to do battle with the coming winter. As the
day drew on, the mujiks issued forth from their huts, and
rubbed their eyes as the tarantasse drove past, or with
the calm dignity of command superintended the operations
of their wives and daughters, who were busied in driving

forth the pigs and cattle, drawing water from the wells,
or beating up maize and rye in small mortars for the morn
ing meal. Every one has described the ronjik, whom we
Call sett, but Whom the polite Russian—in order not to hurt
one's feelings, possibly—always speaks of as " paysan,"
and who is, according to his master's account of him,
possessed of many most admirable qualities—to wit, faith
and charity (but, alas ! no hope), patience, courage.
submissiveness, loyalty, and patriotism• But they dare
not for their lives say that. he is honest, intelligent, sober,
industrious, truthful, or moral. The Russian soldiers and
"peasants" have a saying which is to this effect—" That
he who sees drink, food, money. or clothes unguarded and
does not take them is a fool who ought never to get the
chance again;" and I believe they act very much on that
principle. Their faith, indeed, is great, but it would be dif-
ficult to draw the line which separates it from gross super-
stition and ignorant fanaticism; their charity is undoubted,
and each may well say, "miser ego miseris succurere disco."
As to patiengei it is sometimes a forced virtue imposed on
us by the inutility and danger of impatience, and in the
Russian it is allied closely to an Oriental fatalism. Ills
courage is undoubted ; it is counceted with his patience,
religious faith, and habits of submission, and is quite
destitute of brilliancy or dash. In doggedness and
indifference to suffering, in the mute endurance of p ►in,
and in fearlessness of death the Russian is courageous, but
in the higher qualities of bravery he is dencient. On his
submissiveness rests the whole structure 01 Russian Govern-

meet and Russian society, but I much doubt whether he is
loyal, as among no people hare there been more plots
against the throne, more revolts, more resistance to the
sovereign, till the cannon came in to decide the contro-
versy, on the revival of which he has since kept his eye
steadily fixed and very wide open. Granting that he is
possessed of patriotism, we shall find, nevertheless, that
it is rarely if ever strong enough to resist tho voice of
avarice, and that his dishonesty is stronger than his love
of country. Thus, one universal system of plunder and
robbery of the national property took place during the
late war. None too great—none too small to share in it,

and the commission which is now spread abroad over the

empire enquiring into the thefts and peeulations of public
servants, civil and military, is said to be appalled by the
disclosures which have been made, and to hesitate in
continuing Its labours. In spite of all that reason urges
against the Russian and his morals, one cannot help
pitying the poor fellow and magnifying the virtues which
he undoubtedly possesses. How much or how many of
his vices may arise from his profound ignorance, his
hopeless mental darkness, the degredation of his position,
and the form of government under which he lives, it is
impossible for me to say, but their master's claim for
them the possession of a spaniel's "good qualities," and
too often give them a spaniel's treatment. Where is the
peasant in all broad Russia who dare resent a kick, a
knockdown blow, a bleeding mouth, or a black eye,
received at the hands of the meanest official with a

Government button on his cap? A complaint to a local
magistrate for such an offence would, I am assured, be
regarded as a proof of some dangerous conspiracy, and a
demonstration of stupendous audacity which would
expose the mujik to suspicion or punishment. However,
we shall see and talk more of him as we get on. It is now

a quarter to eight in the morning, and we are entering the
town of Serpuchoff, a town of about 7,000 inhabitants, 93
versts, or 62 miles, south of Moscow. The natives aro
obviously influenced by their proximity to the ancient
capital, and have " run up " an infinity of little churches,
with the usual cupolas and spires, all over the town, so
that, from a distance, it looks like a city. I counted
more than a dozen edifices of the kind, the clean white
steeples and green and gilt cupolas of which presented
a marked contrast to the filth profound of the streets.
We lumbered along in a foot of mud, through straggling
wooden houses, now and then interspersed with larger
mansions of stone, and, passing a small beloi gorod,
or white city, a sort of little Kremlin, surrounded with
white walls, with bat•lemented tops pulled up at the inn
in a square of some 300 yards broad, which was like a
lake of liquid n ud, with dunghills rising island like above
the surface. Through this delectable slough there tum•
bled about, like porpoises in a tideway, shoals of the
wildest looking pigs, the very aspect of which was enough
to drive into a state of mental aberration the strongest-
minded member of the Smithfield Club. Very tall, long
in the leg, and thin in the flank as greyhounds, with huge
heads armed with great tusks and garnished with ponde-
rous ears, these animals seemed utterly unsuited for the
purpose of the ham or bacon producer, and to be valuable
only for their bristles, of which a mane ran down their
sharp backs, and a plentiful flock depended from their
scraggy sides. There was nothing very pleasant to regale
any of the senses on at Serpuchoff. The inn itself was a
mean-looking building, two stories high, with narrow,
dirty windows. The town, as far as it was visible, in
spite of its minarets, cupolas, and spires, seemed the very
castle and capital of indolence. Silent groups of serfs
propped up the walls of the houses a i'lrlandaise, waiting
till the chapels were open, or till they were tired of resting
themselves, all clad alike in sheepskin coats and long
boots, the women being only distinguishable from the men
by their caps, the absence of beards, and greater bulk—l
had almost said stature. The townspeople splattered
along the narrow and irregular pave in those wonderful
long-skirted frock coats the notion of which they
seem to have borrowed from the Jewish gaberdine, and in
those fist and ugly caps with huge peaks, their fondness
for which is characteristic of the Russian race. Standing
by the kerbstones, over the ankles in mud, were several of
the most miserable " objects" of charity one could find in
all the ragged realm of mendicancy, who kept up a low
monotonous whining for alms, tteiroughly professional,
and so irritating as to drive the hardest-hearted of men
to throw his last copeck away to escape its infliction.
Beggars of beggars they were indeed ; old met► and
women, in rags of undistinguishable fabric, their heads
covered with the folds of the coarse sackcloth which
descended over their shoulders as a substitute for a coat,
and their feet, as we could see whenever they moved,
thrust into rude sandals made of birch bark, plaited
together. Two prisoners in chains were with their con-
sort, crossing the mud of the square, almost as miserable
in aspect—God knows how far they differed—as the
unclean animals whom they displaced on their weary way.
Their guards differed in no respect th it we could see from
the common soldiers of the line. As they passed the door
one of the poor beggars who was standing by the way
fumbled amid her rags, and, drawing forth some small
copper coin, gave it to the younger of the men, who
seemed to take it without either surprise or gratitude.
Indeed, one of the peculiar sights of Russia is the number
of prisoners who may be seen marching through the streets
of the large towns early in the morning. It is so common
in Moscow that at first one might suppose the population
was in a very depraved and criminal condition, but on
enquiry he will find that the city is the centre of concen-
tration for the offenders of all European Russia, and that
they are collected hence from all parts and sent into
Siberia. It is almost a novel, and, under any circum-
stances, it is no pleasing spectacle in any capital to look at
parties of men laden with heavy chains, and guarded by
soldiers with fixed bayonets parading through the

thoroughfares, but when-you recollect that these- whom
you see here are indeed exiles of Siberia; that they are
doomed to travel on foot for many, many months over
desert steppes, over mountain and river, through flood and
storm, through wastes of snow and parched plains; that
they will be exposed to every vicissitude of climate; that
after they have performed this terrible journey and have
passed such a tremendous ordeal, they begin that punish-
ment which never ceases till the Great Comforter comes to
their release, a flood of pity overwhelms all sugg-stions that
reason could offer to dam the charity of the heart, and these
miserable criminals for the moment are almost ennobled
in your imagination by the sufferings they will have to
undergo, and are considered for the moment as martyrs
rather than the objects of just and condign punishment.
These prisoners are of all classes of the lower people;
soldiers, militiamen, and sheepskin-clad peasants formed
the bulk of those sad caravans I saw these last two

mornings. One I was peculiarly struck with—a very old
man, with a white beard, chained to a yonnger man,
dragged his limbs along with pain and difficulty, his
ragged clothes were covered with dust, and his broken
boots bore the marks of travel. His cap was slouched
over his face as if to conceal his features, and he turned
as far as possible his head from his companion. The
younger man, sullen and downcast, strode along with all
the vigour of youth, and at times dragged the old man by
the wrist as he quickened his steps to keep up with the
quick march of the guard. Behind the soldiers there
came a woman holding by the hand a boy of nine or ten
years of age, the eyes of both were swollen and red with
tears. On which of the prisoners their affections were
fixed it was impossible to say—whether it was the wife's
or the mother's heart that was wrung by such bitter
sorrow I knew not, but that fidelity and affection and love
animated that poor woman, footsore and haggard, and
that boy, whose shoeless feet were trailed heavily after
him in their pilgrimage, was certain, and the crime and
law and justice were forgotten in the spectacle of so much
suffering. Entering the hotel with an undecipherable
name, we clambered up a greasy stone staircase
which led to the long corridor of many doors usual in
such establishments, all white as limewash could make it,

but pervaded by that dreadful and sickening odour so

common in Russian interiors and with which we became
only too familiar as our journey was extended, without,
however, ever becoming accustomed or reconciled to it.
The cause of this smell, which strikes one's nostril as if
palpably, and which gives the idea of some horrible
atmosphere of cloggy, flabby, fat soup, is beyond my
knowledge or powers of investigation. It is a national
curse. Without exaggeration it may be said to be a
national evil, and how the population survive it is more
than a man with an ordinary sense of smell can imagine.
Wo found it at the Katcha, at the Belbek, in some of the
houses of Balaklava, in the casemates of the Redan and
Malakhoff, at Kertch, at Yenikale, at Kinburn, but I never
encountered it in a Greek hut or a Tartar cabin. Our
guide was the tchelevek, or waiter of the house—a white
haired, white eyed, white but not clean faced, round
headed Russian in jackboots, loose Oriental trousers over.
flowing the tops thereof in festoons of threadbare grey
cloth, and a tight tunic which had once been white also,
and which resembled a collarless cotton shirt fastened
round the waist by a pocket handkerchief. To be on
good terms with your tchelevek in Russia is as important
to your comfort as it is for you to be a favourite of the
steward or butler in your club in London. " Tehelevek,"
or waiter, indeed, you may call him when desiring his
services. but when he comes you must, if you expect much
attention, address him affectionately as " brat " (brother),
or " little brother," otherwise he will keep the literal
meaning of his " si'chasse' to the very letter. These two

words, which you will hear everywhere in Russia, mean
" t his hour," like the French tout a rheure, and colloquially
signify " immediately," but practically, in the mouths of
postmasters, butlers, and waiters, they may be understood
to he what they are, unless you employ copecks and
roubles to give them a different meaning. Our " little
brother " showed us into a small room with one card table
therein, a picture of the Emperor, another of a battle
representing one Cossack capering over the bodies of
many Turks, said •' si' chase ''
shut the door, and left us
to our meditations for more than half an hour before he
returned with the tea urn, and so we looked out of the
dirty windows. A small body of Cavalry happened to be
passing while we were waiting, and it was curious to con_
trast the appearance of these men with that of the bril-
liant cavaliers we had seen at Moscow. Their thin bony
steeds, with draggled tails and rusty bits, seemed scarcely
able to bear their riders, who were laden with bags of
brown bread, and sat heavily on their coarse saddles.
They were dressed in the grey military great coat, and
wore high and ugly shakoes, covered with oilskin. Their
trousers were tucked into their muddy boots, and the
metal portions of their arms and dress were foul and dis-
coloured. Like all the Russian cavalry, however, they
had their long carbines, which were slung behind their
hacks carefully covered with leather cases; their scab-
bards are of leather, se as to keep the edge of the blade
keen and fit for use. Their appearance caused as much
attention as a party of cavalry would have done in a country
town in the united kingdom. After a long delay the tea
urn made its appearance, and in came with it a dish full
of boiled eggs and some fresh white bread ; the tea was
excellent, and so we had a capital breakfast off a very
dirty tablecloth, with very jagged knives and quaint forks,
served up on a service of coarse Russian blue and white
&if, of which the pattern was the most hideously grotesque
kind of desiga in that way that could be fancied. It was
nearly nine o'clock ere we got off again. In fine weather
Serpuchoff may look neat and even pretty. Now, with
the streets full of mud and a drizzling rain falling, it was
dismal and dirty to ;aahold It is said to have a good
trade with Moscow and
e manufactures, and the
,?Tla
waiter told us that there had beef. many English employed
there before the war, and that a few ;:f them were still in
the place. However, we did not meet or ace any
the
of our
countrypeople. At the distance of three miles C'itside
town, which is built in the wide straight streets, c.l'tting
each o• her at right angles, so much affected by the Ruel-
sians, flows the river Oka—a flee stream, which is about.
as broad as the Thames at Richmond, with high and steep
banks. The rivulet on which Serpuchoff is situated flows
into the Oka. There is no bridge, but a swinging line of boats
or pontoons does duty for one, and the tarantasse crossed
over by means of it without any difficulty. The river was full
of very long and very narrow boats, all filled with coarse
hay. The rain began to fall heavily towards noon, and
almost hid the country from view. The road was
crowded for the whole of this journey with disbanded
soldiers, dismissed from their service In compliance with
the recent ukase ordering the reduction of the late
levies which were made in anticipation of a continuation
of the struggle. Poor fellows ! theirs seemed to be a hard
fate indeed—to travel thousands of versts, footsore and
miserable, through the chill autumn and the approaching
winter toitheir cheerless villages. and there to resume the
occupations and toils of the mujik, after their gallant and
devoted services. They were clad in gray old greatcoats,
and had been permitted to wear their military caps,
trousers, and boots. Many of thorn were quite footsore,
and crept along the muddy reads heavily leaning on their
staves and walking sticks. They generally kept in little
parties of a dozen or twenty, for the sake of society and
mutual aid most probably, and of such parties we passed,
probably, ten or twelve every hour. After a most tedious,
uninteresting, and weary day of jolting, rain, and mud,
we arrived at the Russian Birmingham, the town of Tula,
at 11.30 p.m.

ARCTIC DISCOVERIES,—The sum of £lO,OOO was expended
in the year ended the 31st March, on account of Arctic
discoveries.

COUNTY COURT TREASURERS.—The salaries of ! the
treasurers of county courts last year, paid out of the
revenue amounted to £15,083.
IMPORTATION OP POTATOES —By a return jest published,
it is shown that in the last eleven months 90,043 cwts. of
potatoes were imported duty free.
CONSUMPTION or Eoos.--As mlny as 110,362,200 eggs
were imported in the eleven mouths °vied the 30th ultimo,
and all for " home consumption." . _ _

PIRATES.--..FAYAL, DEC. 9.—The master (Lesant), of the
Adonis (French brig), reports that three days after leav'ng
Port all Prince, he seer three small schooners at anchor
under the land, one of which got under weigh and stood out
to intercept h'tn, and lowered a boat with six men, but by
carrying as press of sail, he succeeded in escaping. The
schooner had about twenty men men on board, apparently
of different colours and nations. She was a fore and aft
schooner, seemingly American built, of between fifteen and
twenty tons, painted black with a yellow streak.
THE " CONSERVATIVE'. CANDIDATE P3R TEWKESBURY.
—The Hon. F. Lygon, who is to be brought forward by
the Conservatives for the seat which it is presumed that
Mr. Hum-" ey Brown will vacate ehnrtly, is seaend son of
the Earl .t°, tu'ecamp, and brother of Viscount Elmley, M.P.
for Woreershire. Mr. Lygon was born in 1830. was
educated se Eton school, and at Cbrist Church, Oxford,
where he took an ordinary degree in 1852, being better
known for his general informanon and social qualities than
for his proficiency in the classics. Subsequently he became
a Fellow of All Souls' College, and still retains that nosition.
He is a great speaker at the Oxford Ucion Debating
Society. and has there advocated the admission of Dissenters
to the University, and other liberal measures of that sort,
although he is a " Conservative" and a high church man.
MISERABLE DESTITUTION AND DEATH.—On Sunday
evening, whilst police constable Kelly, 130 K, was on duty
in the neighbourhood of Whi,echapel, London, his atten•
tion was directed to the archway of the Blackwell Railway,
at the back of Cable street, where he found the corpse of s
middle aged woman lying upon some rubbish under one of
the arches. A woman who had called him to the place
informed him that for the last four or five years they and
several others had been in the habit of sleeping there, hav-
ing no other house or habitation, and no settled means of
subsistence ; and she said that between three and four o'clock
that morning the deceased came to her and another woman.
and complained that she was sick. At a late hour of the
morning the informant went out, as she said, to seek for
something to eat, and afterwards returned as the church
bells were ringing for divine service, when she found the
deceased apparently dead. She was, upon this discovery,
removed by the police to the Whitecapel Workhouse, and
examined by the house surgeon, who, however, found that
life had been for a considerable time extinct.
A SUNDERLAND ROMANCE.—A romantic adventure oc-
curred in this town during the past week, the hero being
an artisan from London, who had obtained employment
here, and the heroine is a young lady recently residing in
Camberwell, London, to whom he was devotedly attached.
The wedding day having been fixed, and a house furnished,
the lady made her appearance in Sunderland, and was last
week united to the object of her choice. The wedding
festivities took place at the young man's lodgings, and in
the evening the hapny couple retired to their new residence.
They had not been in the house half an hour when a quarrel
took place, which resulted in the precipitate retreat of the
bridegroom to his former lodgings. There he found the
friends he had so lately left, and they expressed great sur-
prise at his singular behaviour. He was urged to return,
but he strongly persisted in his refusal to do an, solemnly
protesting that he would never pass another day with her
whom he had made his wife. On the following day the
furniture was all packed up by the lady and forwarded to
her husband, the disconsolate bride returning by the first
available train to London. The cause of this unexpected
denouement is involved in mystery.—The Sunderland Times.
THE CA.IISB OP ENGLISH CRIMES.—We stated last
week, as we have stated before, that the bulk of the crimes
committed in England are violations of the right of pro.
perty. Crimes of personal violence are remarkably few,
and most of them arise from the desire of gain. The furious
passions—anger and revenge —which in other countries lead
to murder, are little known hera. Nationally speaking, we
are not Evsassins but pilferers. Oar crime results from an
insane desire of gain. Can nothing he done to lessen it? The
Cases of Redpath and Robson, of the British Bank, and of
the Messrs. Cole, of Gordon and Davidson, of Paul and
Strahan, of the Messrs. Sadleir. with other similar cases,
such as those of a Baron of the Exchequer and a King's
Counsel, alluded to by Lord Brougham in his letter to Lord
Radnor—many known, many hushed up, and more dreaded
—convince us that the criminal insanity of the desire is
not peculiar to a class It pervades the community, and is
a remarkable feature of the national mini. Is not this
susceptible of being modified, assuaged, and reduced to a
sane proportion ? Is it an unalterable law of nature, that
the English mind must unrighteously desire gain, which
we can no more influence than we can melt the Polar ice ?
Economist.
DISTRESSING OCCURRENCE AT TOTTENHAM.—On Sun-
day afternoon, between two and three o'clock. an accident
of a very distressing and disastrous character occurred to two
youths, named Edward Wiles, aged 17,
and his brother
'William Wiles, aged 15. It appears that they procured a
gun. and proceeded on a shooting excursion by a train on
the Eastern Counties Railway, to a secluded spot at Totten-
ham, East Middlesex, where they went in search of some
small birds. The gun was discharged several times, when
one of them
proposed taking some refreshment at the tavern
adjoining the field where theyhad been amusing themselves,
wh-sn the elder youth of the two imprudently placed the
loaded gun in an upright position against the wall of the
inn, and while they were walking into the house, the gun
suddenly fell upon the ground, and discharged the contents
into the legs of the two youths, who were moat fearfully
injured. They were conveyed as speedily as possible to the
accident ward of the London Hospital, where it was deemed
necessary to amputate the right leg of the former youth just
below the knee joint. The other lad, whose injuries were
not so severe, is still much injured by the shot, and the
whole of the charge passed through the legs of the elder
youth into the legs and feet of his brother. Last evening
they were progressing favourably.

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