The Express.
London, England, 1868-10-05 00:00:00

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LONDON, MONDA Y, OCT. 5.

HOW THE SPA NISH !YSU RREC T lON
CAME ABOUT.

TIIE Spanish Revolution took Europe by sur-
prise. While men were thinking of the dangers
to peace from French jealousies or Prussian am-
bition, they were suddenly attracted to another
part of Europe, and to events of an altogether
different character. But, startling as the move-
ment was, it did not spring from sudden impulse,
or take place without preparation. The time is
not yet come for throwing full light upon the
details of what was so suceessful in the issue ; but
something can be done.
If. CioNzsLus BRAVO not only armed the dis-
contented with intolerable grievances, ho also
presented them with leaders. The step which he
took three months ugo in exiling to the Canaries
influential generals like HERRANO, DOLOR,
ECHAOUE, and CABALLERO DE RODAB was like the
act of a madman. A conspiracy had existed
throughout the summer both in and out
of Spain, but until lately the negotiations
Of the plotters had been abortive. The Progres-

sistas and the generals of the libend Union could
not agree. There was between them not only the
recollection of the many desperate contests of the
last ten years, but also the embarrassing question,
hat should be the standard of insurrection? A
writer in the new number of the Burnt des
Mond, gives some interesting information
upon this part of the story. The generals hesi-
tated to take an extreme course. Like the Pro-
gressistas, they found the situation of Spain in-
sufferable, and they did not conceal from them-
selves the fact that the dynasty was lost; but
they refused to throw the country into insurrection
without knowing what was to replace the existing
order of things. The Progressistas alone could do
nothing. Strange to say, it was just at this
instant, when the Generals were refusing to con-
nect themselves with the revolution and were
keeping it back, that the Queen's Ministry sud-
denly fell upon them, and sent them to
the Canaries. The Progressistas and the nation
owe something to M. GONZALES BRAVO.
It was he who reooneiled his heterogeneous adver-
saries, and the including the Duke and Duchess
of MONTPENSIER in the proscription, was happily
his crowning blunder. There was a moment
when this detested renegade seemed to un-
derstand the danger, and wanted to retire
from power, and the QUEEN in leaving for
St Sebastian did in fact direct General Jose DE LA
CONCHA to be ready to form a Ministry. If this
idea had been carried out perhaps the insurrection
might have been delayed, but at St. Sebastian
Ismier.LA's fright was over. ilCr Minister
said nothing more about resigning, and
she made no further advances to General
Coxelia. Then, says the Revue des Deux Mon den,
silo became absorbed with one thought—she was
possessed with a desire for an interview with the
Emperor of the FRENCH. This was a passion. It
seemed as though the Exec:non would never arrive
at Biarritz. •' In her eyes this interview was
.. the great remedy for her situation. The
- unfortunate Sovereign deluded herself with the
" belief that by showing the possibility of a
revolution which would adopt the sovereignty
•` of the Duke and Duchess of MONTPENSIER, she
•' would obtain all—who knows ?—perhaps even

•• armed help and money." But with the events at
Cadiz these hopes vanished like a dream. That the
insurrection was, in the that instance, the work of
the navy becomes more intelligible when it is re-
called that for months past the navy had been
subjected to severe retrenchment. Money
was wanted, and where was it to come
from ? Church property must not be touched, nor
the army diminishNl; but the navy had always
remained loyal, and could pay for everybody.
This, no doubt, goes fur to explain the unani-
mous shut of assent with which the Spanish
sailors received the first cry of revolt. The
movement was cleverly planned. Admiral TorErE•.s
initiative at Cadiz was combined with the
proceedings of Generals Pam SERRANO, and
DULCE in such a way that the insurrection at one.,
had at its command arsenals. vessels, and
troops, with populous and wealthy cities as sup-
ports. General PAVIA defeated, the last chance
of the QUEEN was gone.
Whatever form of Government may be in store
for Spain, it scents certain that a great impulsion
towards true freedom will have been secured. Each
party has its programme, but in whatever else
they differ there are certain groat desiderata
in which they agree. These include—the
abolition of the dynasty ; a strict alliance
between the two nations of the Peninsula ;
freedom of worship ; suppression of communities
of monks and nuns ; prutection of the lower
clergy: reduction of dioceses; suppression of
abbeys; gratuitous and compulsory education:
municipal liberty; a common legislation fur the
mother country and the colonies—of course em-
bracing the abolition of slavery; liberty of print-
ing and association and the establishment of juries.
A purifying air is for the moment breathed in
Spain. We trust it will become the enduring
atmosphere.