The Express.
London, England, 1850-10-22 00:00:00

Vie etorto.

OUTGOING MAIL&
The sells yids lisreeillee, to the Ilediserreassa, 2ps,
Gybe, Isaia, lisayiesp, *.., will be made up es she
maims el Oat. 24,
TM Bala La Bride Nardi Amities, lesssda, awl the
Celled Buses teal be slide op per Atria," es the swim
al Goober W.
TM woes tsr Lisboa, Spain, wad Gibraltar will bad.
IP SS Os.
The mid • for Madeira, Bas Moshe awl Bt. Throat
(Os,. de Verde), Gime Leese, sad Ales,siss, will bo sale
y ea the &nabs et Ostaber it.
The mile itNoise be ad. up es Nev. 2.
The malls fra she Wait 1 Abu, Ventage* New Gresuks
sad Gvirjerwa. aillbe sae& as cut Nev. 2.
The mei Mr !Wein, the Grua, sad Byrom Ayres, erol
b. asesbe ars ea the remise of NOV. 4.
Tlsi masa he Ilsvaaaab, Sesdare. News, sad lesisel.
• se4 tees, will be made sip ea Nov. 17.
The ma& hoe eibniter, Ore," the Isaias
Ceplas, Lot* sad Chia*, ems Seathaleposs,la%
ateMe 119 es the ',mass et Nev. 10.

ISM WALT= AT IMMO SALOOM.
'bra Dav—NerWas. Moors. TA Mo.
t•-assain MaISOM ...WM

LONDON, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 22.

LORD OnuceY is right, quite right. Thei question
which occupies and concerns all people s neither
most nor lees than that which he asks—Who is to
pay the taxes? Unfortunately, his lordship, instead
of making a plain answer to a very plain question,
affies and changes both the problem and its solu-
tion. HIM first ion 4 that the foreigner is to pay the
taxes; but in the very next sentence he shows how
insignificant are our dealings with foreigners,
and bow still more insignificant is profit, not ten
millions on either side. Oat of what fund, there-
fore, foreigners are to pay our taxes, even if they could
bito mad* to pay • single fraction, loth in nowise

One of the first axioms of common sense and com-
mon honesty is, that a country most pay its own
debts, and bear its own burtbees. And a second
axiom is, that a country can only do this oat of its
real wealth. Tois consists of the produce of its land
and agriculture' industry, and of the produce of capi-
tal and manufacturing industry. These, with the in-
comes dependent on them, constitute one wealth,
d which the activity and life consist in their mutual
interchange. How the artificial augmentation of the
share of one of these interest' by subletting value
from the other, can render the whole body more able
to pay taxes, does not appear. Neither does it ap-
pear how the raising the nominal price for both, and
inflicting this price on the nos-producers, can
in any wise increase the real wealth of the
country, or the funds from which taxes can be paid.
Levying a duty of from ten to twenty shillings a
quarter upon five millions of foreign wheat, and com-
pelling the noc-agriculturists, and even many of the
agriculturists, to pay as much upon five-and-twenty
millions of home-grown corn, could In nowise in-
crease the national fund for paying taxes.
Our present fiscal maxims and ideas are, that the
debt cannot be diminished, and that the future mot
be lift to deal with it as it can, or es it lists. The
same maxims and ideas have decided that our expen-
diture cannot be materially diminished. Lord
GIANBT, at least, and his party, subscribe to these
Ideas. There remains, therefore, merely to meet
and provide for the burden of taxation, by
Increased wealth, population, industry, and income.
Can this be done by agriculture-1y al/inhere
alone, independent of fresh impulses and aid from the
lacressed espittl, population, and pressure of mane-
teetering industry P The protectionist' must know
that it cannot. They must know that the tendencies,
nay, what is called improvement in agriculture, rather
diminishes population. Like all raw materiel, land,
the more it is worked, and the more capital it de-
mands in order to render it profitable, gives less and
lees profit. The landho.der's theory of rent is founded
on this very admission. It is therefore from the in-
crease of noc-agricultural industry that the aug-
mentation of all tax-paying funds and sources is
to be looked for and hoped. To arrest this, then,
.is to stop the still onward movement if the tax.
paying capacity of the country. But to arrest ash
a Moat mint renders it not merely stationary, bat
retrograde, a result that would fling the banks at**
debt, of the expenditure, of far mere than beth, the
responsibility of not meeting them, upon the landed
Latarest.
The safety and prosperity of that landed interest
thus depend mainly upon the permanent triumph et
free trade principles, and in truth, when we look
through the speeches of the astute protectionists,
amongst whom we do not include Lord LIBANST, they
seem perfectly aware of it : end we are confident that
the last thing they would sincerely and seriously
desire would be a free possession of office, with full
swing to re-introduce protection and its csnsequences.
The dodge, however, must continue to be played by
the "farmers' friends!" Agricultural societies on
protectionist principles or regrets must be kept up.
What a complete humbug they are, especially these
founded and kept op by Lord STANLEY, oar letter el
yesterday from Bury fully shows. And the sass
letter demonstrates the unparalleled impinge (he
it is nothing leap) of his lordship's omplelmir tell
Wants that permanent investments mot be easel-
Iced and lost in can't quence of the repeal of
the corn laws; when it must have bass has,.
to all who read or heard him that this expenditene
at all permanent investments or improvememb be
the Derby estates were made by the teem%
and on no security of lease, the utmost being a re-
mise of a nine years' one. If Lord Brarmur can
show that he has lam one Wales even of the per-
manent investments on his own lands that be has
Induced hie tenants to make, we will give up to him
the came of free trade.
If we look through tlie agricultural meetings of tho
presont time, we shall fled a strong contrast between
those whets lards preside, and those in which tenants
speak their unbiassed mind. When politicians talk
there, they tail of investments sunk, of their prospe-
rity being owing to peculiar position. All the nota-
bles deprecate the growing of wheat. Bat what do
the tenants, the reel farmer", say P Listen to one of
them Mr. Iticzettos, who said at the Martock
dinner:—

Darius the last hot years they had loot 60 per amt. apse
their produce ; it wee theretae aammary for Ant to grow
twice as caw* as they had hitherto door Whether that
was powlbla ha would Isar to pulled ma to ilsooroliso ;
bet it was a well-knows Isla Mat d übq lots yam they
had bets growing Imola moo tam dry seed W do. Per.
bap the Hawn of this was, that when times war better
they was cosiest to grow rough to pay their way, sad to
bring op their families ; but sow tin bid to end an
their energies to do Mika.
Now that which is the case of the femur is the
cue also of the tradesman, and of the man in every
walk of life. Prices an down in all commodities 60
pa cent—aye, and more. The manufacturer knows
it as well as the fanner, and is filly es mach obliged
to " grow hamlet crops ;" that is, mart himself mum
as mach in order to reel's anythisg like aid proem
We would remark, how the formes
speak, oontrastsd with the stark despair of the
farmers' friends. These, indeed, Nowt give up all
for lost, sift bow could they demand the same prim
for land? But they give all kinds of
advice. Abandon tillage for posh" etysht.haerria
onoivenore-agreeing STANLEY and GLINAIL 'Ti.
should abandon tillage for pastors, adds Lord
01ANBT ; but then you would ootirgttek thi WA with
belleeka.

The nines, another semi-friend of the farmer, has
its remedy, which is to make pats of batter, lay
eggs, rear docks, ad he loam trot to market
Dobbin to dispose of her basket lead fa the s=
square, es her great grad= did inae NOM ago
Now, one and all of these sapient plasm of Mass are
of tlse same pattern, which is, go balk • esalary or
two. We are quite confident, that bevrever mosh this
may be the desire of the politician elf Begleeh. the
illTneee are of a quits opposite and et mat
p4-heed determaation than ear. awl sow
will, and the year shall be marked by seed-thee
hatvest. The Borden, foe all Sir JANOS GRAHAM
may will never again resemble the picture that
Sir WALTER SCOTT painted of them. Nor will
tenants and their wives look to the old menu of small
forming for paying their high rats. which land-
lords have not the least idea of penninently dimi-
*Mag.

Tni argument of those who &had the oligarchic
system is the administration of public eam may be
simply stolid thou t privilege ocomianally chooses to
piny the patron, and monopoly ma loneatimos
its ranailloont; the civil, military, sad moloolaott-

gel Mime seurded with " besoivable • though gor
hugged ameetities; bat ere, after all, how desks-
b Meth, sad how lesisetly sunned Is the
bselieljemiegioa : look at Mr. °Lama% !vane
essarafs see, and Mr. MACAULAY. drew a
m
noises of what see the vulgar WWl=
whet:any the soaked load stupidity,
redipsy on their book, arra came in gent to
years or so they see on a their own sect Mud by
personal knee eV the gaged gal remitted dude.
pimien to rid* slat with Ms benne
We are set quite gme whether
new tales
the red/else axes
go mo awl im
tolerable. The Oki* might se well try to rem&
the world that the Medi raises of this
are set reellarly by MAIM orcooly
luny, of whisk mu wither remillibige !wow
using, bums teem time be this mesa d plasena
wit se
eget Im
the es bate-born he see toed =Mid
to & ftrag whin ea geese the mdliiellide
of nighstmit• TimallMoissok
this,thi that to rash. of the OM an at bed be Mined
the ratifiable etas islivilaa gene es malty ;
while the Mks is the egamodst to ladividad
pll-
saey et minhaele admit while Wings by natural
=were every mu a raise, worth, god acquirements,
be hie
We have so lisikenge either of the gentle-
men whom oar esatispriorsy names se illustrative of
its venial of answered, sale, whisk seems in feet to
be, hereditary warden tempered with a little
prudence sad a little freed 'Mere. It was doubtless
very judicious in the whip of 1831 to patronise I.
aspiring rhetorician like Mr. MACAULAY. He mind
their repose. He had value to give in talk jam up
to the mark sad sever beyond it. They believed that
he was a man who wad be always available sad
neer obtrusive with his advice or obstinate in
his opinions; that his ergs would always be right
without treasury whining; mad that wheasver
wooed up over night he weeld be mere to r off with
sight the ant moalleThsey hiseght Min In as oh
assents whig sad whammy mese fir a semi-
natio Mose. to help to ornery the Beam
Bing god perimmasse malhed fully their add-
patio& He Med sad spoke through disk sal
these. this kr all that was rod and fee all that
wesbedileungLerdolllllladministration ; sad Mho
Ohle miens le say that for helping Lord BerntiMen
to shirk the balsa, helping Lord STANLEY to
gal gig Leland, and helping Lord
to rearm the Bast India Company's elwater
for sagest teem tyranny at-will, Mr. NIA-
GMAT was headgemay remunerated with SOAK
ebeged, and a met in the cabinet whet be
UM home, we at ease admit that we think be ilea
—amply. Ti. ads question, however, remains em-
Imbed by these admielleas,—namely, was it is ripilt
of
kis equality as a man of political talent with those
who thus admitted him to shire in the requiting et
power, or was it of free grace and teasingly milish
isvour, that this mast leaky of lacidesie
sash Modesties and pay ? Was it as the wham-
Wird represestative of any industrious ekes, sow
ogreish pestemiseal, or literary, that Mr. MACAULAY
was permitted se pen through the jealous withal
of plain ? We. it for uttering their wars
and wishes taillathinely, or for alternately
and stiffing them. that he endeared himself atogt
benefestese? Was it for his pleading as a delegate
of hie cedar, or foe his jibes as a deserter, that be most
grew in their esteem ?
Mr. Marmot g's cam proves just as little. Of
his great abilities and still greater attainments we
can never speak without rested. In the tory party
in parliament he stands unrivalled as a debater and
a man of 'mimes, always excepting Sir Lutes
Oaanaw, if indeed he is still to be cousidend as
bemoaning to the party in question. Bat bow has
Mr. Ounerogz risen to his present position P Or
by what means has he rendered himself acceptable to
the aristocratic section who are wady to make use of
him P Trace step :by step the coune of his career,
and see if from the purchase of a corrupt borough in
Ireland, to the attainment of cabinet office, Mr.
GLADSTONE has ever thrown sway a chance of oli-
garchic t by. standing for the rights of his class,
or asserting their claim to at least an equality of
public honours, trusts, and emoluments with the
RICTIMONDS, LINCOLEL Buccutucatt, and Bs
Guava, among whole he was tolerated as a talented
interloper P
Had either of these men adopted a tone of epee&
era mugs of action lees obstqapoir acceptable tel
thedeal givers of all treasury Wogs—where
mina they have now been P no MUSS of prier'
improvemeet might have gained, but what mall
they have lost P All which apparently they pin as
pausal rewards,—official rank, the emblem a
political power, and the confidence of the meet
self-engroseed sad generally idealess order of mesa
the state.
Toe truth is palpable and undeniable. In the
natimal executive the aristocracy an the only ass
meet represented. The- people ti area
A man or two may happen for convenience Mk=
borrowed sow and then from the plebeians to
the part of a defender of the faith se it is is =
but as 'dungen to the truth at 'Bering, or
to the injustice of popsies szcl

Tim railway commissioners, baring little or
nothing .else to do, are at pelmet troubling railway
companies about their excursus treks.
Daring the course of the summer, sad up, indeed,
to this time, these trains have bees,i sad ars still,
giving pleasure, instruction, remistke, sad health, to
thousands who were fortneureliort up all their lien
metro • either in this crowded met or its burnt-up,
environs ; have ops up to them their own
country; brought together various classes who were
previously straogere to each other; have Wooed into
townspeople a testa for rural beauty and eejoyamsts,
and bestowed on country people some knowledge et
the higher development et our cities. OAK Bet
azaptoo, the Isle of Wight, are becoming me Wier be
oockaeye as Richmond-park or Geseeneel ttari
to be; whilst the doll realities of Leaden waale
see
losing their wonder to provincials. Onr sessikr
ta
are now beginning to re-visit the gime
ortatlth or the scenes of their youth kik en
much regularity race a yew as their Min chest
Smtland, or hunt foxes is the 111111 end
Kress, receiving is return in thsk analbelahle
home their country cousin& Ikashmkst te sew on
calling terms with Altos lbws; ad hide with
great hewers to show are, unlike the Dyke of
Minna. at Glen Tilt, throwing them spa to tbsk
Is. fortunate countrymen. Erse disease
is accessible at small cost; whilst lesisa Li ill
all sa
new regularly bob-nob.
Is all this there is great seal I ail. hares:, un-
mixed with s little evil The eielese OM* of the

essuraiseists so tiondsrg is ne des% osediselly
uses esustinse Weasel e awl .1111, the use pr-
een es to us =ay denim Is Ail istraw, wises
hose Sr the proper elmovesse el dot day sight be
entstalsod. Bat, a taw evils and
some bessvolisseee, the psi by sod de-
rivable has, theme esensien se iszkesaprolle•
Wastes, sod they se se
the hp
their rush' le raise and elevate the obseester sleet
1 pease des aural populatieu which has reatz
sporteseals ti4etsiturvesest, as to sake them
of
For thee the essatry is iadebtod to the asergy,the
and essuray of railway managers; vibe
rtursiesnisse. enisponeate have artairely brought down
the rates et seaming large bodies of proem to a
point whist* le sot we ci the least tose of the pre-
ssed strange ego. When a mean con be seri= with
Minty and expeditiou to Boathanepos sad back is
the lass day for 30. Bd., sad have there the pester
I pais& et it to hinuslf, he bus not, to us s ass=
awoke, sub to oseeplaie et Coneyuce,
lagreses at such fares squires it is obviate,
my vise celoulatioes ea thee parts of railway
sousegors ; and the sargia et profit they leave
meet, it is equally evident, be very small Sliced.
Anything, then, which tateefires with the peat of
them trains, has a direct trades/ to restrict them,
sad to deprive a entails sad that the poorer, pieties
of the public, of their see and phones Now, this
is meetly what the railway cosrolselosors are doiag.
When railways began to scooped= the transit of
rangers parliament interfered, and very portly,
M secure for the poorer classes the doily mous of
eseveyance due= at certain rates et speed sad
et faros. For this pipes Muses wore S-
orbed by Mr. °unarms this Proddeet of the
Bead of Trade, in the 7 and 8 Vicr, a 88,
le.dille railway ccospardes to provide one cheap
Ml* 81 carriages, pretested fres the weedier, =eh
IN, deny, to travel at the rate at one Play a mile
Ifs Ibird-olue cenispe, and stop at every losses

PARIS. Ow. 11.

Tor
M—r.

001128.
Bpm IT 116 ' N 0 N • S 7 80 44 0
•pa 08Mr.. MN .93 IS Mao 98 14 98 09
8 90. Miii4;44: .. o. ... I. a
Tina.
1 ° ..".r:::10A17111 la "19 S0;0 499:"M I. ."
Mr, « 1910M/889 1imi15..... Mew
t Mil -- Soma Is ISO 114 .
. Do. ISM . —78 j
IMisasy 11;94."...
fiamsfigaa;is " arm : Ink Mom —... 9140 '
Homo.—VessalUss (debt beak). 166 ;Paris sal Ovils,
7110; Pads sari Beer" 110 76 ; Hama ard Havre, 960;
Ihassilias sal /Wass., 179 60; larbeerg sal Belt,
11111; Odors aid Prorses, 966; Orlseas Gal B. drag,
NI 7s; Mak 46740; Pais sad &Tabours, 343 76;
Tam sad Maas, 949 60; Dams sad Fausp, 166 76.