The Express.
London, England, 1850-12-02 00:00:00

• THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 2, 1850.

mutually hold out to each other, of a °mama mission
in polities, and of a rivalry in art, literature, and
civilisation. These, no doubt, are strong and power-
fel bonds of connexion, of sympathy, and of reseed.
Bat experience has shown how easily they are
loosened and give way before offended pride, wounded
esesitivecess, and national jimerooder. And tbe.stzdatet
of July, 1840, the affair of Parratann, the S
marriages, and the more recent occurrences in twos,
all testify how readily courts and diplomacy can sue-
pima idol feeling and ententes cordialei based on per-
sonal assiderations.
What England sad Franco require is to know
seek ether better in the every-day concerned Nu
tikbeeeme more and more mixed up with nob ether
in those great efforts foe the attainment of wealth,
for the promotion of comfort, and for the securing ed
daily bread to their hard-working, toiling, Ural*
peoples, which so honourably distinguish this fleet
other ages; to be solidly end permanently COMlllid
by means of their industry, their labours, that=
ducting, and their manufactures; instead of
es
now, linked only by the lighter bonds of =
led. idelligence, refinement, luxury, proximity, and
simd4rity of political organisation and objects. Ile
tthe relations of the two countries on seek a
e dation would, indeed, be honourable to the we
publican form of government; the more honourable,
seeing how constantly the monarchical form pro-
fessed itself anxious, and how constantly it failed,
to accomplish so noble a purpose. Equally
I honourable it would be for a free trade and
liberal administration in England to take a
eaccessfal part in what Lord Bacot; would have
called ye heroic a work. Most honourable, tco,
would it be for both countries, whilst the rest of
Europe was on the brink of war, to show them the
way to maintain permanent peace.
It may, however, well be doubted by those most
desirous of seeing e done, whether the best mode
of doing it is by diplomatic negotiations or by treaties
of commerce. At best these are poor substitutes foe,
and generally paltry compromises of, the independent
adoption of sound principles. The interference of
diplomacy in the affairs of commerce alarms the
jealousies, excites the susceptibilities, and opens a
door for the intrigues of class interests and
favoured trades. France is yet under the im-
pression that in such negotiations she has
generaliy been, ;if not outwitted by, sacrificed
to England : the hostility manifested to the great
treaty of 1788 still lingers not merely on, but beneath
her soil; and, though all the most intelligent of her
citizens are just u sound free traders as ours, a large
proportion of her uninformed and credulous popula-
tion entertains a dislike to a treaty of commerce with
this country. For, then, such an improvement in our
general commercial relations with France as her own
interests require, we must probably wait until France
becomes convinced—std the truth is gradually, though
not very rapidly spreadie.;—ttit iliviculture is er
pressen'., tier navigation deeply injured, and isa beach
tiful manufactures seriously restricted by her own,
and not by foreign, legislation. This French diplo-
meg knows; but it is powerless to act on its know-
ledge until the conviction penetrate as deeply into the
public mind of France as it has done into that at
England; and when it does, direct legislation will
supersede intermediatory diplomacy.
In the meanwhile, however, diplomatic negotiations
may assist in forcing the great troths of free trade
into France by showing how, in minor matters, they
may be made to promote French interests. And when,
therefore, it is stated, correctly, we believe, that M.
DIOUTN DE Lilt vs has returned to London with
situations to negotiate some improvement in the
minor relations of navigation and commerce between
France and England, he will have the best wishes of
all free traders for his success : not merely because of
what such negotiations are likely to positively 100C111.
plish, but, still more, because of the impetus they will
in all probability give to sound principles.
There is a host of stipulation' in existence on COOP
menial points between England and France, but ae
general and comprehensive treaty of commerce. The
treaty of Utrecht (1710) still confers on Franco the
right of fishing on parts of the coast of Newfoundland.
The treaty of Paris (1763) is yet in force, giving
France similar privileges in the Gulf of St Law-
rence. And the treaty of Versailles (1783), regulating
those rights and privileges, remains part of the public
law of Europe. In 1815 we concluded an elaborate
convention with France to regulate that small matter,
the salt and opium trade with Pondicherry. Later
viQ entered into („ woes of intaiijnable length
with France on the subject of postage. And in
1839 we interchanged very formidable-looking
stipulations with France about oysters. These,
with the exception we are about to refer to, are,
we believe, the sum total of our commercial con-
ventions with the greatest nation of Continental
Europe. With almost every other country in the
world we have exchanged the most favoured nation
stipulation. With France we have not, and the con-
sequence is that in many instances (in coal and iron
especially) our trade is placed at a disadvantage in
French porta with that of other nations. This, of
course, isastatter. which our diplomacy might be well

emploYed in rectifying.
There is, however, another treaty existing between
England and France; it is one of the navigation
treaties concluded by Mr. HUSKISSON in 1826; and
its objet was to relieve French shipping entering
English ports from the higher duties they were then
subjected to than other foreign bottoms. It
stipulated that French ships should pay no higher
tonnage, harbour, light, pilot, or other such dues, in
British ports, than British teapots; and it conferred
the like privileges in French ports on English ships.
Nothing, apparently, could be fairer than this ; and
yet experience has proved that its operation hu, by
the fully of both nations, been very hurtful to both.
Bee these dues in France being under the control of
the executive goverment, were previously to that
treaty very moderate; and in England, being under
the control of corporations, they were previously, and
have down to the present time remained, excessive.
Uader web circumstances, the pure operation
d the principle of this treaty would have
&la wity considerable relief to English shipping
is Wawa porta without very materially reducing the
harden es French vessels in English ports. So the
French negotiators insisted on reserving to Francs
power to regulate the amount of these duties, " ac-
seeding to the rate at which they are, or may be esta-
blished in the United Kingdom;" undertaking, how-
ever, it is only justice to them to add, to reduce the
amount in proportion as the English duties might be
lowered.
The effect of this treaty was, that in France port
and light and tonnage dues were raised on all
shipping to the hi el standard of those imposts in
England. Bat as English trade with France was,
and is, on other accounts small; this augmentation did
little harm to English compared to the very serious
injury it did to French shipping ; and being still pee-
slated in, it hu at last become quite a national evil to
Francs. Yet France is unwilling to remedy that
evil because of the injury it does herself; and the
treaty of 1828,_ requiring other modifications, M.
DEADEN DE L'iIIITII is instructed, in negotiating a
new convention, to procure if possible a general re-
duction of our port dues and so to enable the French
government to lower theirs.
Thus, in the discussion of • new treaty of naviga-
tion with France, the whole of our monstrous system
of what may be called local burthens on shipping
must be overhauled; and u therein the interests of
France are identical with those of England, it is to be
hoped that Mr. LABODCHERE will do something for
the general relief of navigatioa and maritime com-
merce on this subject.
No doubt it is difficult to beat down each &basses§

the Trinity-house has been for 0111d11111111 erjosbating
under the name of Light Does, sad the- Reassgste
Harbour Commissioners, for ow hundred years, in
the shape of harbour tells; ao doubt it is difficult to
deal with municipal corporations maintaining the
police, am, of their towns out of port dues. Bat these
are difficulties that must now be overcome. And if
they are overcome at the instance of the French
government, British shipping will be much more
deeply indebted to that government than French
shipping can.

A LARGE Saw

the disasters

la 71Xpslo-oiFusanyTenk, Isw an! dip bosons
watordspod, sad la Ids suits was a tidowed of So nob-
walls Nan by Pm captain sad ant, who won biotin
fah lats Closnansos. Their stamen Ink' dto a
isesnodp of hor position, Kr. N. t. Juin, snit a
taw id Weal, mane la,
the noodiflM Nani
Kam to Inman sad Ca, sad toss Ilitowale
bow/ bin sod loan nn la
sal
ansrg,..4
van Is Ss ChosniniSesi, of LiORM oon sal ws
Those
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Sst lownhao, bohniing tbs Malan USK
balm dosit od /Anne* old will be NIA re
Cinbarmi

THE ADDRESS OF THE PRUSSIAN
CHAMBER. .

The following telegrsigod7siatehber appear is the
Colors* Gantt* et yesterday :
" BERLIN, autrusw, Nov. O.
" The leading points of the address of the Second
Chamber have to-day become known. With reference
to the German question it has the following: Deeply
do we regret that the temple of the times does not
permit the acquirement, at present, of suitable
constitutions to the German states. We trait
that further efforts to an end which we.
emphatically expressed in the May diets (Band-
nine) may attain the object m view ; to
give Germany outward dignity and inward free-
dom, by a constitution, in which Prussia, after
she has with her whole power taken so conspicuous a
position in Germany, can take no second place. The
revival of the diet, abolished by universal consent,
will be perfectly incompatible with this object. Touch-
ing the Schleswig question it tuna thus : ' We hope
that if the settlement of the pending question can-
not be brought about without foreign interference,
the governments of all the Mates of the German union
may encored in bringing that conflict to a close.'
The programme of the address mentions nothing con-
cerning the law of the prem.
" VIENNA, Nov. 29.
"Count Meyeudorff, the Russian envoy, has left,
with Prince fichwarxenberg, to be present at the con-
ference with Herr von MantsuffeL"

Our correspondent writes :
BERLIN, Nov. 29.
The satisfactory arrangement of the affair of Hesse
Cassel, and the probably equally honourable settlement
of those of Schleswig-Holstein is hardly credited by
the majority of those to whom the facts are known.
It is too sadden and inexplicable to be believed. The
fact is, nevertheless, undoubted. The canes of this
sudden change seems to have been a wholesome terror
of actual war, equally well-placed fear of the growth
of Haitian influence in Germany, and a well timed
note of Lord Palmerston's.
Mantaffel's journey to Olmutz, and the information
from Frankfort have raised the funds.
The expulsion of Dr. Heym is creating ill-blood
against the government. It was made the 'object of
an interpellation in the chamber this morning, but
was evaded by the Minister of tie Interior.
The debate on the address is died for Tuesday.

Lord Westmorland arrived at Berlin on the even-
ing of the 29th ult.
The Deutsche Reform of Berlin 29th says : " We
have learnt something distinct concerning the to:.-
mentioned note from England. Lord Palmerston hr.
sent a cirenlar despatch to all the great powers re-
specting the part England hes taken in the late per-
Viexeit affairs .f Germany. He speaks plainly out,
that, in the event of a war,
_ England cannot remaw
neuter. Both the greet German powers are most
warmly exhorted to maintain peace. England, it ii
distinctly declared, can never recognise the Diet."

BIRLIN, Nov. 29.—Voluntary Loin, 102; Now Loan, li
Four.and•a•lialf per Cents., 95; National Debt, 80; Com-
mercial Marina Society's Premium, 116 ; Bank Shares. 88.
VIINNA, Nov. 28.—Five par Cent. Metalliquet, 901 ;
Four•end-a-Half per Cents., 781. Bank Sham, 1110.
Excbange on London, 13.30.

CASSEL, Nov. 27.
The events of this day, which I suppose are already
known to you, are welcomed with joy by all our con-
stitutional party. All are agreed that it will be a
happy day for the country when the trcops on both
sides are withdrawn. An address hes been drawn up
to the Elector, in which he is invited to return to his
capital, in terms which must be to him very gratify-

ing.
The elections in Hesse have this result : Four-fifths
of the elections are in favour of the constitutional con-
servatives. Hansa, the most democratical section of
the country, has elected only three radicals against
four conservatives. The members and partisans of the

present government cannot count amongst their
former constituents a single vote.

The =enters of the permanent committee elected
by the last amembly but one at Stuttgardt have re-
fused to re-unite at the invitation of the government,
who, unwilling to have recourse to that elected by the
last dissolved diet. have nominated, as a committee
...rgra with overlookrag the eethiLigrathel of
public debt, six members of the refractory committee,
who have accepted the office.
The Neue Zeitung of Munich announces that the
government has ordered the mobilisation of the whole
Bavarian army on both sides of the Rhine. Move-
ments of troops had already commenced in all the
garrisons.

HAMBIJEG, Nov. 28.
The representative assembly of Schleswig Holstein
met at Kiel on the 26th. A strong party employed
the first sittings to pans resolutions tending to urge
the Staathalterschaft to reassume the offensive. The
necessity of tempting the fortune of war for the fourth
time in Schleswig before it is toe late appears to be
generally felt and acknowledged. The chamber does
not want to wait for the presence of the federal army,
whose avowed and evident work will be a general
disarmament, and a reduction of the number of Hol-
stein troops to the contingent flied by the treatise of

1815.
Everything indicates that we shall shortly behold
a more general attack on the Danish army in
Schleswig. The locations and movements of the
Holstein army seem to leave no doubt in this respect.
Should the Holsteiners be able, after so many disasters,
to obtain some revenge, and to vanquish the Danes on
the battle-field, things would take quite another turn
in Schleswig; this country might, during the winter
season, easily be revolutionised anew, and made to
contribute large material and pecuniary resources.
The circle of military operations may thus widen on
this side and every day may bring na important
tidings.
The commandant of Rendsburg has signified to the
inhabitants that each family most buy in three months'
provisions. All persons who have not an assured
subsistence are to leave the fortress within a brief
period, prescribed by the military authorities.
IL O. von Gagers, is still at Rendsburg, as a major
in the service of the Duchies ; it does not, however,
appear that he has hitherto taken any active part in
the engagements that have taken place eines his
arrival there.

ITALY.
NAPLES.

Our correspondent states, in his letter of the 24th
ult., that important despatches have bcen received
from Vienna, proposing that Naples should co-operate
in a military way with Austria for the defence of hew
Italian provinces, and to replace the Austrian garri-
sons in Tummy in the event of war breaking out
with Prude. (This fact hu already been announced
in our columns.) The warehouses of Messrs. Cumming
and Wood, old established English merchants, had
been closed in, the police authorities on suspicion of
harbouring smuggled goods.
The American squadron, with Commodore Morgan,
is still in the bay. On board the Cumberland frigate •
court of inquiry is sitting on Capt. Latimer, against
whom several serious charges have been preferred by
the officers of his ship. Her Majesty's ship Spiteful
is dm in the bay.
ROMAN STATES.

Our Roman correspondent, writing on the 24th
November, demonstrates the absurdity of M. LOWS
Napoleon's bombeetical statements touching the
French intervention in Italy, and, apropos of the
President's boasted " liberal institutions," gives the
substance of Cardinal Antonelli's last edict on the
provincial adminisbstioa of the Papal states, which
are to be divided into four legations and a praddenor,
and governed by cardinals and prelates named by his
Holiness. Our correspondent describes the uneasy
feeling prevalent in Rome on the Wiseman question,
and Ike apxisty of the Pops to come to a pacific solution
with riesseah Tsesidag the nomination of Mr. Mak
thsimpasisahsltes the governments and the
of
Be.. Raw sad Twisany, as well as on the
reden% is imposed, although for very different
reams, Iresneable—the great need of Mr. Shell's
=at liseence, and the unprotected situation of
kW aseebente at Leghorn, are dwelt upn.
04siwews big of at Rome respecting Wt.
espahlis. Ors of the severest ofthe censors.
the Almelo essidie had died on the 18th, and his
ea* woo goulleil by slieri, to prevent the populace
from Wain NA Weft daring the funeral.
moienist woks of the Rind-up of the

mle dam treasury bills, and the probable unfavour-
able result of the measure. Silver at Bor 7 per ant.
Fachange on London, 4991.
The Austrians had abandoned Perugia.
One of the most precious alabaster vases in the
Vatican Gallery had been dashed into fragments.

For Ascoma.
nous, N0v.30. for
Moog. 094012(1811gbost. Lowest. Ckoing.
Spm °mi....". II M Si 00 07 10 34 01 07 10
5 per 05als. 96 50 91 50 93 50 91 50 96 50
5 do. Now Lcon. . ~ o o o o
48 pit Omits. . . . a .
4 Fir Omuta
'sidings= Lad= 1 61%4 20 9r 90 41671:.% .."
1391r,5, 1640
INS - - o Roman Loon MO 779 ..
Do. o Do. 1850
Do.
Pitdmoot 59.4%.1650 65 75.. But Shato :no :
BOURSE.—Volturno (loft bank), 147 60; Pule and
Orleans, 790 ; Marseilles and Avignon, 183 76; Strasbrarg
and Bale. 130 ; Odium and Vinson, 370 ; Orleans and Bor-
deaux, 386 ; North, 462 60; Paris and Strasbourg, 338 26 •
Tours and Nantes. 240 ; Montanan: and Troyes, 87 60 ;
Dieppe and Foomap, 183 76.

!Loam, Nov. 26. Three per Mate., 36. Fear per
Gaeta., 12f ; alter Bobs, 36
eash, 36è paper. Five per Coate.,
133 paw getter Boles, 13 paper,l2l Coupoaa, 71 rag ;
after paper. Nadves, 3 16-16 pinr ; atter BAB.,
31. Beak et Feedlaaad, 963 orb. Faahaep as Lea-
dm 60.36.

A PARTY OF ENGLISH RESIDENTS AT BOULOGNE,
en w.eaesday night, pm ea amateur performape et
the theatre there for the bereft of the Buell& aad Frau&
pm of the town. The bill of fere included " The Rom
Day," " The Irish Tutor," and "Getotdas ea Reirsm."
The different ohareatars were well suppyted.
THE HIINGAIGAN REFOGKEL—me followbinreply
has recently beta brwordsd le W. B. William. ~ of
Noma. ea behalf a Lod Pebeirstee, with rheum to a
amartal to bh LA M& mist Oar be relied Ile Bea-
yam warm Ie s, elabetta mania taus :le:
Arid reply te. or easswiodgroat el. a arardel
Bra, bet we wait wipasabst have am{ sal,
we gib le It Eariatpbeteaat yedira la ear alarm :
Far green, Bea 31.-1114—I as
et Visseeet
Pearselea le a= the Neap et year We dla
(sad cAlan Li-
near e( wan, lits=lttratisa le the
'catbird dstritita el She ranges" ht Turkey,
eat lea to raptor thee PR Mete to *a sieseriallas
bet hie Moissey's pernamat will sot fail te boar fa Lad
be onerous sad lamas wishes which are =premed fa that
maseriaL—l "ay art yob obvilats 111117110, &A MU OP
AADEELEF.