The Express.
London, England, 1861-09-09 00:00:00

(Stamped, id. Additional.)

FRANCE.

(nom cloa OWN 0011.3111PONDNET.)
PARIS, &&TUWAY EVENING.

The dead lock in the affairs of Italy, for which
the French government is responsible, provokes M.
Gueroult, who has often been accused of undue
subserviency to the Tuileries, to express a manly
disgust at the conduct of the journals which pretend
to explain the Emperor's policy, and daily declare
that " whatever is is right." the Opinion Arationak
says :

These joarna/s are wrong. They are mistaken when they
apPool to reason and argument. It is useless to repeat every
morning to a country which retains some respect for com-
mon sense, thoseabsurd inornsistencies which the public
rajects with disdain. No man can serve two masters. It is
ridiculous to pretend to be at once the servant of the
temporal power and a partisan of Italian independence. It
would be more simple and more dignified to say at once,
"The government is not obliged to give a reason for ita
conduct ; it does what it likes (or what it can), and cares
not what the public may think ; it does for the best, and
owes no eiplanation to anybody." Such language would be
rough, but frank. It would hurt us, for our own part,
much lees than the labyrinth of absurd sophisms which
certain journals serve up to us as the acme of political wit-
down. Who do they take us for? and to what degree of
folly and credulity do they suppose we have come` Imi-
tate the Moniker; that journal holds its tongue, and
enjoys the dignity of encore. What is there behind
that sileneeblckPitirl nothing ; but also possibly there may
tlionsetlt• scene se
al
bee Hamm at tat
1111•11/4 eesalelial al baulahillea, contradiction,
and imbecility. Silence is pregnant as mystery, and lends
itself to the most hopeful supposition. It may tire out
patience, but it does not defy common sense. Dear
brethren, meditate on the beauty of silence, and may God,
on this Roman question at least, move you to practise it.
The public no longer believes you, your brethren of the press
cannot argue with you. If speak you must, for heaven's
sake invent something more worthy of attention than the
reconciliation of the temporal power with the unity and
independence of Italy. Get up some discussion or
another. Ask for Sardinia ; or, if that is not
enough, for Sicily ; demand what ransom you
like for Italy. You have the vast field of the
absurd and impossible before you ; but try something new.
Don't go on with this old and wearisome story of recon-
ciling the middle ages with the nineteenth century.
Remember that although
you may mock the public for a
time, the public will in the end laugh at you.
It is rumoured that the famous army of the
Dukes of Modena, which has been drawing pay and
doing nothing for the last 18 mouths, is at length
about to take action, by throwing itself into the
' Calabrias and aiding the Bourbon brigands. I
doubt this news very much. The weight of evidence
from recent Neapolitan letters is that Cialdini
has all but extinguished the insurrection.
In the course of a very few days the mountains
to which the remnant of the insurgents cling will
become too cold to be habitable, and there are
abundance of regular troops judiciously posted in
the plains to take advantage of this circumstance.
The Duke of Modena's soldiers are probably too
good judges to put themselves in the way of certain
destruction. A letter from General Cialdini to a
friend in Paris says that he has infinitely more
fear of the Neapolitan emigrants than of the Saufe-
dist bands ; " the cannon which will deliver me
from the latter is powerless against the new Cub-
lents in Italy."
The Duke de Montebello, the new French ambas-
sador to Constantinople, writes home, according to
Btalier's Correspondence, that the relations between
France and England are moat friendly, but that
be regrets to find that English influence is on the
increase in Turkey.
M. Michel Chevalier's speech to his council-
general is of no political importance whatever. The
rank which he deservedly holds in the estimation
of Englishmen and among the most illustrious
Frenchmen of time age accounts for the sensation
produced by the passage telegraphed to Loudon.
But he is essentially a speciaiiste. Apart from
questions of political economy which he has studied
wish so muob sucoess to the great benefit of his
country, his individual opinions possess no claim
to any special respect ; and it is quite certain that
be had no misaior to speak iu the name of the
government. His political principles are simply
those of the Peace Society ; he thinks all war wrung,
and especially billy wrong because it interferes with
trade. Lord Palmerston, therefore, was very
blameable in his eyes when he alluded to war as a
possible contingency ; but M. Chevalier's observa-
tions were those of a peace sectarian, and not of a
repretieutative man.
•

A telegram from Montpellier, dated this morning,
states that the vintage has commenced in the
Hurault ; a good half average crop is expected,
and the quality will compensate the deficiency in
quantity.

ITALY.
---.--
(ROM Oda OWN COMM

ROME, Aram 28.
Fresh razzias have been made against the known
Liberals and Nationalists of Rome ; several of
whom, apprised betimes of the order to arrest them,
have tied to various places of hiding. Six or seven
persons at Civita Vecchia, who were politically offen-
sive to the Pope's government,iwerearrested, I hear,
yesterday evening, as well as one of the railway
clerks, 1 rather think he was the station-meter at
Palo, half-way between Civita Vecchia and Rowe.
The directors of that line, which belongs to Sala-
manca's foreign company, had been enjoined to
dismiss a lung list of their employes, on the ground
of their being hostile to the sovereignty of Pins IX.
This demand was not complied with. They could
not as a class feel otherwise, in a progressive age
like this, with the alertness and intelligence requi-
site for managing steam locomotives and railway
traffic. The secretary general of this company, a
Sicilian, has just been expelled front Rome. The
great ndustrial school of San Michele, in the
Trastevere quarter, has been brolly shut up, and
is to be converted into a prison. Nearly 300 boys,
the children of pour families in the lower middle
class, wed to be trained to earn their own liveli-
hood as artisans, or, in ease they showed any talent,
as artists, iu this great establishment, which in a
measure defrayed its expenses by their work.
Since Munsignor Milella has been placed
over it, the whole institution has gone
to rack and ruin ; the boys having revolted, fought
the other day with their masters, one of whom? a
priest, stabbed at his young scholars with a knife.
They are now turned out, to make room perhaps
for those incarcerated Romans whose crime is that
of beiug Italians in Papalßome. Monsignor Merode
some months back, it is said, wanted the same build-
ing for a War-office, but this branch of the govern-
ment of his Holiness must be accommodated else-
where, and a palasso (very near to St. Peter's is
now selected for its use. The Pontifical authorities,
both civil and military, exert themselves more than
ever, and with less attempt at secresy, to for-
ward the legitimist and ilourbonist expeditious
against the neighbouring provinces. I mentioned
that about two hundred of those sanguinary
bullies, who are hired by the reactionary partisans
to disturb the borders of the Italian kingdom, had
been led out of Rome in Mal parties by the Porta
del Popolo, iu the oppusite direction to that of
Naples, and apparently with a view to making
some incursion into Umbria. A detachment of the
royal Italian troops, however, was at Puggio
Mirteto, quite ready to meet them, so that when
they bad gone up the right bank of the Tiber as
far as Scorrauo they crossed over and returned to
this city by another gate. To deceive the country
people. they had changed their clothes while on
their road through the Campagna, and put
on the red flannel shirts of the Italian vo-
lunteers. An assortment of various sham uni-
forms, to disguise the bands of men en,-
ployed on differeut services, has lately been pm. I
cured from the Jewish dealers in the Ghetto here ; '
and I am told that only last night several scores of
the Bourbonist recruits were bidden to assemble'
near the church of Santa Maria Maggiore, to be
fitted with this false inertial attire. To-morrow
I shall perhaps be furnished with some additional
details.

INDIA.

We have received our letters and papers from
Bombay to the 12th ult.

The Rev. Mr. Long, a missionary of the Church
of England, who translated the native drama Nil
Darpari, or "Mirror of Indigo Planting," into
English, has been sentenced to imprisonment for
one month in the common gaol, and to pay a
fine of one thousand rupees. The sentence is
making an immense sensation at Calcutta and Bom-
bay. The charge of Sir Mordaunt Wells is very
severely commented on by a portion of the press.
The Bombay Times declares that that judge mast
be removed from the judicial office altogether.
The Hurlers, defending Sir Mordaunt, pleads that
the great Lord Thurlow "cursed, and swore, and
blasphemed from the bench."
The Times of India says :

We receive the most cheering news from every quarter
of the empire remmling the progress and prospects of
agricultural pursuits. Answers to the inquiries instituted
by government respecting the suitableness and capabilities
of the country for the production of cotton are being re.
calved from every district ; and their unanimous testimony,
founded upon as examination of the mod, upon the amount
'norreehty of the iedinensee entice predased, and epos the
results of experiments made with Egyptian and American
seed, is that the country is capable of yielding an unlimited
supply; that the natives like the cultivation and are
desirous to engage in it ; and that nothing is required but
well-regulated monetary advances, honest contracts, fair
prices, and just dealings, to enlist the peasantry of the
country heartily in the cotton interest.

A Bill to ameud the Income Tax Act has been
pissed into a law. Its main feature is, "in any
district to which the bill may be made applicable,
to continue, for twelve months from the expiration
of the tirat year, the assessments of that year,
which were either founded on fair returns or on
returns which had been surcharged. All incomes
which bad thus been fairly taxed in 1860-61 would
be freed from obligations to make fresh returns in
1861-62, and this would be an immense relief to
both taxpayers and assoisors, and would admit of
the attention of the fiscal officers being concen-
trated on incomes which had escaped fair taxation,
and on the introduction of the hceuse tax. This
would leave time for the principle of the measure
to be better known ; and whilst it left assessments,
already accepted as they stood, for another year, it
was still competent for any
,aggrieved taxpayer to
ask for a fresh assessment.' Sir Bartle Frere
showed that the tax had not been afinancial failure,
but on the contrary, a success :

One thing was certain (he observed).; the tax was not •
&medal failure. Of ita ultimate results, financially, they
were not yet in a position to judge ; but the evidence before
them WAS PtlifiCletli to warrant the fulfilment of their best
expectatioue from it. He held the return of the realisa-
tions of the teu months since the tax nominally came into
operation. He said nominally, because, as they knew,
owing to the necessary waste of time in organising both the
staff and the machinery, what with tuition and explanation,
translations and unavoidable confusion, the tax Lad not been
in anything like effective operation since the lot August,
11300, from which date it ran. He quoted the monthly re-
turns; the average of the first four months being only
re. 2,90,000, whilst it swelled monthly in rapidly increasing
progression up to May, for which mouth the figures
were rs. 25,55,000, yielding • gross return for the
ten months of re. 1,01,26,00 U. This he thought
would show them that Mr. Laing was much
within the mark in his calculation of the
ultimate yield of the tax at rs. 1,40,00,000.
When the first ten months, under such disadvantage,
yielded them its. 1,01,:.44,1100, be thought they were justi-
fied in hoping better than that estimate. There were
doubtless many objections to the machinery by which the
act had been worked ; that it was harassing to a very large
class ; and here, as in England, demorsliaiog to the Mani of
the people subjected to its operations. But experience
tended to mitigate theme evils ; and it was especially to the
removal of these objectless that this bill was directed.
This bill will place the tax on a permanent foot-
ing, and make it ultimately one of the 'most im-
portant and steady sources of revenue.