The Express.
London, England, 1861-05-28 00:00:00

The SPIALILICI took the chair at four o'clock.

PRIVATE BUSLVESS.

T o following billa were disposed of in their respective
MOAB
4.:OIILIDIMED WITH L.RDS' A VIENIMENTS. %%MOM
KW/ROOT Market, Lancm.bire and Yu shire
Railway lersseh Shaw(orth, he.), Llantrissatit and Taff
Vale Jumbos Railway, and Ryde Water.
TN= IiZADIN6 S. —Airedale Dream" Darliogrtou Lord
lord et Health, Dartmouth and Torbay Railway, East
Lau irrigation and Canal Compaay (No. 2), Calaahirls
wait Pool Railway, Loudon and North Western. Lan.
maws sad Qrliale, end Calsidoanut Railways • N..rtbamp-
tea Wider. North &Meru Railway ((Ja;d!otou and
Grommost Drama, Re.). Thames Harm Dock (abandun•
mid), cud Carideo and Rickmaaswartli Railway.
OSDIBID TO Lin urn', TO? Taus—Clifton Saszonsion
bid's, Dublin Corporation Water, Edinburgh and 'Lwow
Ibilway, New Rosa Port and Harbour, South Emden) Rail-
pa ay
lPDolkest t orei Harbour. CsbnGas,dge Gas, and Stock.
rt istric Watm.

SICOND READLNW4.--Blackbors Water, and Danbleas,
Doane, and Caßaeder Railway.
CUSTOMS AND INLAND REVMTUE BILL
Tfpxt the order uf the ota) that the house should resolve
IWO into committee on the Customs sod Inland Revenue

NEWDEGATE said that before he proceeded to
make any obeervatioas to the house, he wished to call their
attention to the notice which stood is his name. It was,.
"That whereas the emlodiment of the principal Comicial
proposals of the goveroipent in one bill unduly increases
the power of the government over the tax itinu of this
country, and the interests thereby affected. hil:ts incouve-
greatly the action of this house, sad would annul the well-
ascerratiol functions ap.l privileges of the Hoare of Lords,
it be an instructiou to tile comnuttee to divide. the l'itstoms
and luland Revenue Bill .0 that each of the tact. to which
it relates mar be sonar tel treated." He gave that notice
is no spirit, be trusted, of- presumption or dictation to the
louse, but he had no opportunity of giving it until the hat
day before the ream. and he felt that his position in the
house as a very humble but independent member required
be should give such a notion as would really explain
the objections which had induced him to take the coarse
be was now &hoot to pursue. He did not intend to submit
to the cons:cleration or to the ,decision of the house either of
the astral:B propositions standing in that notice, although
he ordained urmly the opinioa that those proponitiosse
were true —that the (ono of the bill did give undue eats-
trot over taxation to those who represented the power of
the crown, and an undue influence over tl:e interests
thereby affected; and be held that the form or the bill
limihal very isconvesiestly the action of the House of
Cleinc.oina is the discharge of its proper functinis in the
emetrol of the is of the nation. and in the adjust-
mast at its taxation ; and he she held that if this farm
were adopted it would annul the welleseertained functions
sad privileges of the Haws of Lards. 'These were the
wawa which induced him to Wag before the house for it.
draimiaa the operative put of the notice which
stead us Lis panic. lie should move " 'flux it be as in.
Strnetion to the committee to divide the Customs end biked
&memos Bill, so trot each of the taxes to which it relates
nay be OTWlltely Meted."
The CHANCELLA of the EXCHEQUEIt contended
the& the foam of pi weeding did sot limit the powers 0:
the home in say respect ; and that the eotabinatian of the
award financial proposals of the go,, gement in nee
mason .11.1 nut abridge the opportnaity for dis-
mission Oil the several sieges of the DV.. Se tar
Mum that, it greatly extended the Welty
josemnok as the roped of the paper du:y was pre-
sented to them, not only in the form of a preliminary
mow.. but in Eoe,unetioe with all the otter ft...acid
operations with which it was connected. Ile denied that
be had resorted to us unworthy stratagem to overrule the
bids ; for that hours might 110 t only arr. t tut alter the
bsU ; aid he awned that the course proposed was entirely
secordaisre with the principles of the const:tutioe a. Lear.
tag epos the financial Fowl,'" of the commove. Thus the
motion of the boo. member aothiag could be more tem-
veiniest, der its effect would be the introducti,o of five hills
tread of one. and the adoption of a mods of pro c..lure for
which there was so precedent the lisaticial operations of
Ss home.

tili/ONER add ha tbsegAt the right heti. gentleman
was wrong is uocenuting for ills mosseotare sileiira which
followed the speech of his hoe. friend, for *bey all Mt—.
Men the hue. gestlemari, la the warmth of b.. eratary,
struck the croon .4 air J. PaltalaToll.ll bat • helvy Wow.
which owed a MIT of laughter hornall - they all
Mt that the speed, of his hoe. colleague ruaert aa cx.
planation from the right Ma. gentletnas. The right boa.
issistknaas said that the House el Lads bad power to alter
• saw bill. They haw that the Hoene oflnds d. had the
pewee of altering, but mime they did alter • moue kill ths
Hews of Commoot always rejected the till : red therefor*.
in ant. the H. 0.8 of Las* amid ant alter a money bill.
Mel yeehl the right boa. patimis tell them at say pee. '

count when the House el Leeds bad ese year throws out a
mosey bill, or supply bill, sod that that bill had bees
brought in in the next maim af wliamest, ad by itself
to be preseeted in its owe right asd elissester te the Rouse
of Lords, bat coupled with mother mast impsetant bill,
which crippled end prernetsd the other hems of parlisnsent
from exercising its clear and fell Wriest segerately on
that one question That was the grossed oo which his hon.
colleague t bought the bill osiOt to be a leered, and he hoped he
would take the genie of the loose upon it. If the bill in
' its present shape should peas the House of Lords, it might
set be by the consent of that bowie, but they would be in.
dead to psis It by the immense difficulties that would
arise from throwing out the whole of the bill. Imposing&
tax and repealing a tax were two different things. He be-
. tiered it to be a great constitutional privilege that this house
should originate Wee, and that without its full consent no
tax should be imposed. Bat it was another thing when a
tax was once imposed. The other house was bound as well
as themselves to maintain the credit of the country, sod
they ought not to cosiest to the repeal of a tax if they
ware convinced of the noceasity of maintaining it.
Mr. HORSMAN said it was with great regret that he felt
it his duty to vote against the amendment, because there
wse much in the speech of the hon. member in which he
weed. But he must say he agreed with the Chancellor of
the i.,ichequer that after the discussion they hail hail on
this question the motion was inopportune, and if adopted
would load to great inconvenience.

Mr. NEWLEGATE, in explanation, said the Chancellor
of the Exchequer had misrepresented him when he said he
complained they would not have sufficient opportunity of
&lois:ling the question. What he did complsin of was that
they would not have sufficierit .opportunity of deskaw with
the several heads of taxation included in this bill. la
answer to the right honourable seemlier for Stroud (Mr.
nommen), he had to state that be had withdrawn the
abstract proposal contained in the sinendmetn. What Iw
wished to take the sense of the house upon was to affirm
their power and their will so to divide the bill as that
they could deal with the separate head' of taxation which
it includes.

Mr. KNIGHTLEY wished to state why be could not vote
for the motion of his hon. friend. There were *even!
fIOWNIII. First he did not think that the present moment
was the convesient time for that purpose. He thought
they ought to allow the bill to go into committee, and then
Use boo. baronet might owes that the bill be recommitted
if the bill had pot assumed tie form that be wished. In
the main principle on which the hoe. gentleman rested his
resolution he entirely mecum& Hie boo. friend (Mr.
r) well observed that there was sot a single instance
1711 rejected by the House of Lade having been re-
introduced in the following year in a bill of supply. The
stale of the case we* simply this. The object was to oblige
the House of Lords to pm • measure which, if it were con.
.idered ou its sole men's, they would sot pass. The House
of Lord' had three courses ; they might reject the whole
budget, they might divide the budget into two or three
balls, as he concluded they would do, or they might p•••
the whole budget atones. There were objections to eacb of
these corses. If they rejected the entire budget they
would bring the Bounces of the country into ieettricable
confusion. If they divided the budget they would
probably bring about • collision between the two
Mambas of the legislature ; and if they admitted the
principle that the House of Commons could tend up any
number of money bills. however distinct, included in one
bill. they would cease from that moment to be an indepen-
dent branch of the legislature, and would become merely
minims of the decisions of the Home of Commons. There
were precedents for ei erythmm I/ this were not a tack
bill be oceehmed be did not iietand whet a tack bill was.
The bran nee thee cleared for a division, bet in the in-
terval between the divhiee befog called and the question
babe pee the
weld oreeter portion of the opposition menabeni left
the been be volute.

Azyz 34
196-161
The goalies INS titereiere sad the Speaker left the
choir.

oeclaine clan..?, which relates le the income tax,
Sir W. JOLLIFTE said that on the report he would call
attention to an excise regulation which bad been introduced
last year. aid which be should be able is show had greatly
added to the hardship and injustice that were Inherent in the
collection of au income tax. He hoped that at the eleventh
hour each modifications would be introduced into the taxa-
tion of the year, as would enable the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer to remedy the evil, of which be should have at a
future stage to complain.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER observed that
the course which the right hon. gentleman proposed to take
was one that would involve great irregularity of proceeding,
mail great incouvenience. He supposed that the right
hoe. gentleman was alluding to the quarterly collection
of the tax. If he was, then the present was the proper
stage at which to discuss the question ; but he warned him
that it was one of two willies, and a half of revenue ; and
he could not conceive by what art the right hon. gentleman
would carve that sum out of a surplus of 450,0001. No
doubt there was • select committee sitting on the income
tax ; and no doubt the subject was a very important one,
and one extremely fit to be brought under the cognizance,
not only of the house, but of a committee that might hear
patties enevennat with the subject, and able to say whether
a half-fear! sr • quarterly collection was more convenient
loth* tazpayer. Lad year the champ, was really equiva-
lent to a considerable addition of taxation within the year;
but that inconvenience had now bean wholly surmounted,
and to recur to the former practice would therefore involve
the surrenderof a cousideraile amount of the year's revenue.
The house had given an income tax of 9d.,0f which three-
fourths would be collected in addition to one quarterof last
year's teepsece; but of course if that arrangement were alte red.
it would involve the loss of a ooesidesehls portion of the
year's revenue. The right Isca gentleman spoke of the
change as a matter of me:ea:en* regulatioa • but in point
of fact, in order that there might be no mistake about it,
be had introduced it Mtn the income tax bill of last year.
It was, indeed. previously the law of the land that the tax
should be collected quarterly, but there was no sufficient
authority to bind the revenue officers to account quark*,
awl it bad therefore been determined that Moe change should
Le effeeted by actual legislation. It was lie opium of the
authorities that the alteration made the system much more
effective and roansgmble, sod it was of course the duty of
those who wished for a change to petit oat the nature
of the alteration which they desired. lad year the chino
was naturally felt to bear bard upon the taxpayer, but
that was because an conditional amount of tax was levied.
Apart from that, however, it was believed that the public
would find it more agreeable to pay the money iu four sums
rather thee in two. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. CONINOILAII thought it was a hardship upon the
railway campmates, that they alone should be obliged to
collect the income tax payable by such of their servants as
were paid Ly weekly wages.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER thought the
hoe. gentlemaa was not quite accurate to summing that the
railway companies stood alone in the respect to which he
referred. No complaint bad been made by the companies,
but the matter should be considered.
In answer to itir S. Nostrocovr„
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER added that
the assessment for the present year would be a new one,
and would not include the same years as the last.
OONINOHAN pointed out • difficulty in deducting
the tax from persons in the receipt of weekly wages, who
might he one week working for a railway company, and the
next for a private yard.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said that, if
there was any provision in the law which operated harshly
au such ppoorooms so had bleu alluded to. it was his banner
to enmfne It. With respect to the complaint by his hon.
irked behind him, it was true a clerk might have only 1201.
a year salary, and still he might have up to LW/. from other
sou me. He did not uadetatmad that it was necessary for •
man who claimed abatement to attend personally at So-
menet-bouse.

Mr. HA NKEY opposed the re.easictmeat of the clause.
Sir 8 NORTHCOTE made an observation which did not
mesh the pllerv.
The HA CELL of the EXCHEQUER objected to
must mg so sieny questions in committee. A new assessment
would be ands.

Mr. HENLEY seked when

EXCHEQUEB must first
blow when the bill would receive the royal assent, but
tbe lsgal liability to pay would not depend on the new
assessment.
Mr. HENLEY said that a quarter of the new tax would
be dne at midsummer. When did the tight lion. gentle-
man expect to get hie new returns ? The paymenta bad
bees most ridiculously chopped about during the last six-
teen months, w that no man knew when he might expect
the collector. There ought to be a proper tints fixed for
making these assessments.
The CHANCELLt4I. of the EXCHEQUER said there
wee se power to hurry the country commissioeers in
the assasernents. The government would make all
;Lo4mktio preparations before the law was pissed, hut until
4 had paired they could not be put in operation.
Mr. HENLEY hoped the right hoe. gentleman would tee
' that dew time was pies fur the purpose. He trusted that
so undue pressure would be exetrUked.

The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER did not know
what the right hon. gentleman meant by undue presume.
Nothing would he done that waa not neowenry to the col-
lection of the tax.

Clam. a wee agreed to.
Clime 4 (the Paper Duties).
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER aided some
verbal amerehreeta.
Mr. K. nEYMER raid that his constituents were nab
venally upped to the climes now before the committee.
In the Fame way ea °obi. lords who genentlly
siapportol the goverumnat in the other house had last
year voted agaiest the repeal of the paper duty,
easy of the electors in his (Yr. X. [termer's) dis.
trot. who were on the same eide, were sow utilised to look
unfavourably on the budget. The fact wee that when the
budget was Ant published people were so agnmably our-
prised at finding there wee to be a reduction isetead of an
increase of tarotiou that they were not iodised to inquire
too curiously lute the ezistesice of a surplus., or as to how
that surplus was tab* digitated of. &SOO thee, however, cooler
counrela had recovered their influence. The lamentable ac-
-00601... from America, which ',net affect the revenue,
sad the protest of the China merchant. respeetien
the indemnity, had thrown great doubt opus the warplue,
sad with regard to the paper duty had decided the
se to the inexpedieocy of its 'nemesia.. lie mold
his constituents that their unanimous Nene' was that an
injudicioar moment had been chosen. (H... hear,)
Mt. M. MILNES spoke In favour of the plane% end argued
UM say isle which the revenue might sestets by the

pal ef the paper duty would be amply repaid in the cons-
try by the dunning it would give to a most important
breach of manufacturing industry.
Mt. LYGON was at a lam to know what great interest
in the country required the abolition of the duty. If there
wen any strong public feeling in its support it must
have manifested ieff before this, as In the ease of the re-
form agitation of 1831-32, and the subsequent agitation on
the corn laws. But so far as he could learn, there was not only
no such feeling out of dome, but the public sentiment was in
an opposite direction. Comparing the merits of the tax
with the objections which were urged against it, he was con-
vinced that upon the whole there were substantial reasons
why it should be maintained. It did not operate to check
the diffusion of knowledge, sad it could not be said to
injure the consumer. The conclusion to which he came,
therefore, was that its repeal would only benefit the manu-
facturer.of4paper, and • few individuabi who were in the
habit of new paper to a large extent. Believing, then,
that the psoporl was objectionable alike as to the matter,
the manner, the measure, and the time, be should join his
hon. friend, Mr. Her &prier, in voting against the bill.
Mr. POLLAILD-lIRQUNAUT sad Mr. HINNEAST subse-
quently addresped the committee from the Irish point of
view, the former supporting, and the latter opposing the
measure al
Mr. NORRIS twitted sentlernen on the opposition
benches with inconsistency in voting against the clause,
when only a few days ago they had gone into the lobby for
the remission of taxes to a much greater amount, and the
circumstances of the country had undergone no change in
the interval that had since dapsed. He also cited several
authorities is behalf of the measure of repeal, amongst
them Lord Montag* when Chancellor of the Exchequer,
and Mr. Disraeli.

fir J. WALSH had, dor* a keg parliameatary career,
witnessed luny gnat politico! crime, in comparison with
which the prompt was altepther Insignificant ; hut he
never remembered oos that we more irritating and
troublesome. He disavowed any wish to remove the ex-
ist/Mg onammis of the trimemy 12110016 ; and if the question
had beim made the ground of a party conflict, it was not
the eauservativen who were deserving of reproach, but gen-
titsecs=abiotegiewlso bad farcod. that issue upon them.
po-
U mew • min se the meaeae ss
feli u, , 0., o
thfel memento of public
opinion; mei he Mt soweiweed that rise in this house the
propseal had been ampepiedi by • majority, through a oom -
Lira= ef parties. whisk was the remelt of the application
of a sum by the mere advemied liberal 'action of the
bums.

AMMON mid hews sot going to reply to the ob.
sematione of the hon. lareast, who bad charged himself and
others sitting below the pegway with being popular agi.
takes out el the house, and with compelling the govern.
meet to id:educe this stratum while at the same time
the hon. baronet stated that this measure was most un-
popular.
Sir J. WALBH—What I mid was that the hon. gentle-
man was a political testate.
Mr. AYR TON—That was as ambiguous term to nee.
However, hon. members sitting on he side of the horse
might be sincere in the expression of their opinions, while
in ail probability the hoe. baronet and his friends did no;
care much about this mateare. (Hear, hear.) Now why
had hon. members opposite been Mecum* this mesas,.
from Easter to Whitsuntide? (Hear, hear.) Why became
they expected that some coiroamrtame or =other might
arise to give &colour to their opposites to it. (Hear, bear.)
In their debates hon. patinas opposite had canted the
house all over the world in search of di/Acuities, and had
suggested that they were arising, and that they
_might'
to prevent the house from miming to the
of the Chancellor of the Exchequer. At one
time China was referred to, and another time'
America, and at another Europe, and aspaidly Italy • but
Chita was tranquillised, the war was ever, and tends 'them
was in a ficrarishing cooditiou. (Hear, hear.) In India every-
thing was tranquil and trade going ft. Europe was in •
more satisfactory state, and Italy was Retailsg down into •
much more peaceable condition. (Hear, hem.) Suddenly,
i
however, a messenger bad ernes from Galway—(theere)—
who bad announced dfficulties and troubles on the other
aide of the Atlantic, and there were the ally trouble*
which could be suggested for the revival of this oppotit'on
to the budget of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
(Heer, hear.) They had made no progress in this de-
bate, for hon. gentlemen had again revived the ques-
tion as •to whether there was • surplus or not to
dispose of, while on • former evading it was decided tha;
there was • surplus. The question was this—Were the'
paper duties the most obnoxious or not, and if so ought
they to be repealed ? (Heir, hear.) Could they fled any
excise tax which in that respect would compete with the
paper duties? He utterly repelled the idea that be was
mime • factious support to the government. He asserted'
to the measure because of its merits, and for no other per.
pose. _
(Hoe. bear.) He was me of • deputation who I
went to the Chancellor of the Exchequer and pointed out
°henbane to them duties, vie, that it wee I tax upon articles
which oouldnot be identified. Alcohol was &substance which
conld be defined, and upon which a duty could be charged ;
but with regard to paper there could be ro such iadentifi-
cation, and all attempts utterly failed when brought to tt e
test. (Hear, hear.) When the duty was first imposed there
was no difficulty ie describing the article, but since that
period changes bad been going on until the question had
manned an infinite variety i.f forms ; and if the repeal a
the dales had not been proposed, it was the intention of
certain persons to raise insuperable difficulties in regard to
the reanufeeenre of paper sad the payment of the duties.
The qualities as to what was fibrous matter had become ex-
y oempiiested. There were two articles used for
y similar parporee and for domestic and commercial
objects—the ore article was • vegetable fibre and was
with duty, while the other, an animal fibre, was
ro; with duty, and these two commodities WOO
into close competition with each other. (Hear, hear.)
Now, coca they put their linger upon any otter
duty which worked each monstrous absurdities ? (Hear.)
The government had endeavoured for yean past toast with
this question. There was no authority whatever vested in
the mown to grant any remissions of duties imposed by
this house ; but government had taken upon themselves the
impassibility of 'eying that certain classes of traders should
be exempt. Hon. gentlemen opposite were very much in
the habit of measuring the inconvenience of this duty by
the amount that it yielded. The amount wee harp—it was
no less than 1,400,000 e a year, no lees than 14 guineas a ton ;
bat this ahoy was small compared with the injury which
was done by the interference of the excise. For every viola-
tion of the excise regulations the marufachwer was liable to
penalties ranging from 501. to 2001., and thus, before be had
been in business six months, he found that, without any in-
tention to defraud, he bad incurred penalties which, if they
were enforced, would prevent his carrying on business longer
as a solvent tender. The consequence was that those who
were engaged in this manufacture were limited in number,
sad they bad • kind of conventional uuderstanoliog with
the excise, and the result was that there was little or no
anopetatica in this branch of Industry. When the duty
was taken off stained paper—used tor peparhangings—the
mar which while the duty was on sold for 4d. a yard was
nffiseed in mime, when the duty was abolished, to • penny
• yard. The abolition of the duty on paper, by the freedom
which it would give to the manufacture, would produce) re-
sults equally astooishing ; for there was no material existing
is this country that was capable of being applied to so
may useful purposes as fibre manufactured in en elastic
farm. We were ashamed of ourselves when we looked at
the state of our paper manufacture as compared with the
paper manufacture in Japan. In that country if a man
wanted • waterproof coat, he got one of paper for a few
Fme, and it lasted hie purpose for • considerable time.
aughter.) Of course this paper was prepared in a dif.
event manner from any in our own country. This was not
• party question. The credit of attempting to abolish this
tax wee as much due to the right hon. member for
Bucks (Mr. Disraeli) as to the Chancellor of the
Exchequer. But then it was said, it was • party
measure with regard to the time at which it was
brought forward. Was it open to that objection?
Hon. gentlemen oppoai.e said that this propoaitio i was not
introduced upon its merits, but for the purpose of 'Preen:-
hie the House of Lords. He (Mr. Ayrto.il vas just as sin-
cere in his "expect for the other house as any of gentle-
maa could be ; end be should be sorry wheel they were
deemed to simegthen what was called the popular element
is the Home of Commons to do anything that could tend
to weaken the just autheaLy of the Lords. But what were
the grotto& upon which their lordsh,m rejected the Prier
Bill of last year . It was simply because on the very day
on which that bill stood for the second resoling, • telegram
wee received stating that the Chinese war must go on, aorl
that consequently the expenditure for the your would ne-
cessarily he much larger than the Chancellors( the Exchequer
had provided fur. How then could their lordships be
affronted at having the measure sent up to them for recon-
sideration, socompanied with enactments imposing taxation
to the extent of 20,1100,0 M. and upward,. and thus render-
ing it clear that there could be no fear of a deficit. (Hear,
hear.) Then it was said that if they bent up the provision
for repealing the paper duty in the same hill as the other
financial propositions, the House of Lords would not be able
to deal with it. He totally denied that statement. The
House of Lords would have exactly the same power to
strike out the clause as they had had to reject the bill of
last year. He did not say what that right was,
but it was the same in both cases. (Hear, bear.) If the
House of Lords rejected the clause the House of Commons
would be powerful enough to vindicate its privileges and its
rights ; or it might give way again as it had done last year.
The sovereign was, moreover, invested with a coestitutemal
remedy in case • conflict arose between the two houses, for
she might dissolve parliament and speed to the country.
If, as hon. gentlemen opposite mid, their views were
spreading, they would of course be delighted to go to the
hustings. (Loud conservative cheery.) The boo. member
for Doreetshire said that the people of that county did not
understand the question, and were only anxious to have
their tea a little cheaper. It would be • great misfortune
it the intelligence of England were measured by the hon.
member's description of his constituents. (Hear.) It was
very likely that the people of Dorsetshire were not anxious
for cheap literature ; but there were some special dream-
sanest about that county which did not apply to other dis-
tricts. In what other count bad there been such conspire.
cies as thery could recollect In Dornetshini, where men had
come together and speed that they would not any longer
hike we, which only afforded them • lingering 'term-
tion ? (Cheers.) Every constituency would, be believed,
he heel le eppreeleee the true value of the measure that
leisbelowe the beam It was far better that taxes should
be baled as dleeellyizzeebie epee the people, and should
prim as lightly se
wal ISlgr "at *DPW*=6.lol,l2Wrietivilface°l inthdeustquryes.tiolat
of the taxes which tbef bed to tear ; and if hoe gentlemen
whited to ream Asir pseulmity aa it awn existed under