The Express.
London, England, 1861-11-18 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 18, 1861.

pearances to the contrary notwithstanding, need
not cause a moment's anxiety to the Cabinet
of Turin. Her MAJWITY then seta out for
the Spanish Main, and performs a series
of evolutions in that famous see worthy
of the reign of an Ismat.i.i. The Cabinet
of Madrid is engaged in carrying out
the dictum of Mr. Cassis°, in a convene sense.
It is resolved to redress the balance of the Old
World, now fallen on evil and revolutionary days,
by recalling into existence in the Now the Spain
of three centuries ago. The misdeeds of Venezuela
are chastised and atoned for ; Mexico is to 'us
visited with "salutary rigour." "The Spanish
" island, the first discovery of which immortalized
" the name of Cotun sus, is once more a part of
" the Monarchy." So much for the New World.
The weakness of America, it should seem, is the op-
portunity of Spain. Nor is this the only tradition of
" the Monarchy" which has been revived. A
"glorious war" against the Moors has terminated in
an embassy of the Emerson's brother to the court
of Madrid, and a treaty of peace "in accordance
" with the sentiments of the Spanish nation." Thus
in the Old World and in the New "the monarchy"
is everywhere triumphant and glorious. It is only
when her MaJorn turns to home affairs that
we get a peep behind the scenes of this brilliant
spectacle. At home " grave events" have dis-
turbed public order. These grave events are
revolutionary disturbances. But it must not
be supposed that the duo course of law has,
been disturbed in their suppression. The or-
dinary tribunals have sufficed, without courts.
martial or fusillades, of which newspaper COM-
spondents had made mention. And such
is the respect of the Spanish Government for law,
and even for individual liberty in spite of its ex-
cesses, that the rest of the Royal Speech is devoted
to such questions as the reform of the electoral
law, the liberty of the press, and administrative

decentralization. To our unromantic and old-
fashioned notions this part of General
O'Denestt's political programme is more
gratifying than any amount of chivalrous
exploits on the coast of Morocco, or in the'
Spanish Main. Perhaps, too, it is not the
east difficult to accomplish. The English people
unfeignedly rejoice in the reviving power and
prosperity of the Spanish Monarchy and nation,
and more particularly in the declaration that the
state of the Spanish revenue not only requires no
new sacrifices from the people, but is more than ade-
quate to provide for annexations and conquests,
and for iron-plated war-ships, and to susta;n the
ancient glory of the Spanish flag. The financial
condition of the Monarchy, no doubt, is one of spe-
cial interest in the City of London. But to all Eng-
land the progress of Spain in constitutional liberty
is watched with almost as much solicitude as the
safety of the POPE by her CATHOLIC MAJESTY. It
is satisfactory to find, therefore, that el en in Spain
the blessings of freedom are acknowledged by the
Crown. Let us hope that the Liberal party in
the Cortes and in the country are strong enough
to hold a Palace Minister to his engagements,
and—may we add I—to counteract the pious
operations of a Sister PATILOCINIO.

EXPRESS FROM PARIS.

(nom on owl/

PARIS, SUNDA! EVINING.
The Patrie says, under the head of "Latest
News :"

It has been pretended in many quarters that the Swiss
Federal Council proposed to submit the question relating
to the Napes Va"ey to the powers which signed the final
act of the Congress of Vienna. We are enabled, on the
best authority, to give a positive contradiction to these
rumours. No proposition of the kini his been discussed in
the Federal CounciL Switzerland, confiding implicitly in
the loyalty of the French government, will endeavour to
settle the point in dispute with France direct, and without
the mediation of any of the peat powers. The Swim minister
at Paris has, with the entire approbation of his government,
abstained from taking any steps of a nature to modify even
in appearance the direct character of the negotiations be-
tween the two (vanities.

The question of fact whether the French troops
did or did not violate the Swiss territory in the
Valley of Dappes is not yet cleared up.
It is certain that M. James Fazy will, after all,
be elected a councillor of state for Geneva. His
friends who resigned because they would not serve
without him, have now withdrawn their resigna-
tions, but only because his successful opponent, K
Camperio, seeing the necessities of the situation,
has himself resigned.
The telegram from Turin, repotting the simul-
taneous resignation of M. Rataszi of the presidency
of the chamber, and that of General Cialdini of Ws
command, led to the mistaken impression that they
were making a demonstration in concert against M.
Ricasoli. Nothing can be further from the truth.
General Cialdini objected, for some reason not ex-
plained, to take the particular command proposed
for him, that of the 4th Corps d'Arm6e, but he
will continue to serve the state. M Ratazzils re-
signation is not yet certain, and, at all events,
thorn was no hostile understanding against the
government by him and Cialdini.

- The French war ship L'lnfernal was totally de-
stroyedby fire in the harbour of Valparaisoon Oct. 1,
where she had arrived only two days before. The
flames burst forth from between decks in the middle
of the day, and got such a head that the fire
engines could do no good. Upwards of a hundred
cannon shot were fired at the vessel in the hope of
sinking her, but, after six hours of useless efforts
of all sorts to extinguish the conflagration, it was
decided to set fire to the powder magazine, and then
the Infernal was blown to atoms in a moment. The
explosion shattered a great many windows in the
town. The loss is estimated at upwards of two
millions and a half of francs (100,0001.).

Y. POULD dIrD THS "REVUE DES DEUX

MONDtS."

Some weeks ago M. de Persigny visited with his 1
auger the Revue des Deux Meader, the leading literary pe.
riodical of Francs, foe bath; published some strictures
from Y. Pomade, in which the finance question was treated
es IL Fold, with the Emperor'■ full approbation, now
treats it. In the amber of the /bore des Deus Mondes
just issued is an article from the suns writer, from which
we give the following extract :
"In our opinion the constitutional modification which N.
Fogad btu obtained is the most important political pro-
gress effected in France since 1852, and it is more full of
meaning than the famous decree of the 24th of November,
which raised so much hope a year ago. Nor can we help
being struck by the facility and the good grape with which
the Emperor has given in his adhesion to the sound prin.
alpka propounded in the document submitted to him by Y.
Fould.

" There are three things to be examined in the reform just
announced ; the circumstances which gave rise to it, the cha-
racter it pre eats, and the consequences it may lead to.
" The circumstanced which decided the Emperor to invest
liL Fould with the direction of the finances, and to give
up the privilege of opening supplementary and •xtraoedi.
nary credits in the intervals of the session, are preciesly
those the gravity of which we very lately pointed out.
It had been for • long time felt that the financial policy of
Francs was not conducted in a spirit of consistency and
foresight. It was seen that by the frequency of supple.
mentary and extraordinary eredite the serious control of
the public finances was escaping the Legislative Corps;
that the expenditure was not regulaied with uniformity ; that
the liabilitif were incessantly increasing; that the benefits
of peace were endangered by the indefinite extension of the
floating debt, and by little empirical loans which had the
double disadvantage of disclosing to the world the financial
distress of ► great country like Fr►nce, and of insufficiency
in her embarra:amenta. In its financial management a
government like ours, willingly or unwillingly, always exer-
cises on the totality and morality of financial matters, of
commerce and industry, a marked influence. In point of
fact, is not the state the greatest banker, the greatest
contractor, and the greatest merchant in the nation? In
this view are we not all its shareholders? If there be
unosrtainty, inconsistency, mismanagement in the direc-
tion of the public finances, private affairs must feel the
effects, and confidence, credit, the great lever of general
activity and prospei ity, must be injured. In such a state
of things let one of those incidents occur from which no
government, however wise and g, is exempt, and we
must find ourselves suddenly plunged into • calamitous
arida which uses up the best-founded political prestige.
Were we exposed to such • danger? Irritation was ex-
pressed against us when, with conscientious sincerity, with
the moderation which we observed iu the discussion of the
affairs of the country, we indicated • danger which bad
been previously announced by men the most experienced
and moat competent in matters of finance and industry.
The report of M. Fould now corroborates our opinion. It
will be NOD from that report that what we did was tes,
state a month earlier what all men of business thought,
and what the government now declares to bee fact."

The Emperor has placed in the library of the
Palace of Compiitne an album presented to him by General
de Montauban. It gives views of the Summer Palace of
the Emperor of China, engraved by the missionaries. This
album is composed of twenty engravings pouted on card-
board, with margins of silk, and is inclosed in a box, on
which a number of Chinese characters are traced. When
the Summer Palace was taken possession of by the allied
troops, this album fell to the lot of the French commander-

The fourth volume of the " Correspondmme de
Napoleon I." has just appeared. It contains all the letters
written by the greet Emperor between August, 1802, and
the end of September, 1803.
_ _ _

A letter from Ancona, dated the 12th, says
" Victor Emmanuel IL, King of Italy, left Ancona yester-
day morning, at 7 o'clock, by • special train, which con.
rayed him to Turin in time for his diuner in the evening
good and faithful city of Ancona are
ThgrievedePenaptiethti.
abrupth departure, end complain that their
Sovereign only ' came to sleep' within their walls. They
bad prepared grand balls and other festivities, which, of
course, have lost all their attractions without the charm of
the royal presence. I heard the very lowest people in the
streets distress themselves about the ' alight' which has been
put upon their old town ; and the same lamentations, as you
know, are made at Florence, at Bologna, at Naples, wherever
the early-rising, restless, unwearied King hurries through at
his own wild huntsman's speed. His new subjects 4112
never have enough of him. On the other hand, it is im-
possible not to sympathies with the worried monarch.
Playing king is bard work wish him at all times, but •
royal program is absolutely killing. Big guns blowing on
his face wherever he arrives, blowing hard in his rear at
his departure, rolling drums and braying trumpets, the
eternal fanfare, or 'Royal March of Savoy,' at every sta-
tion, at every town gate, at the palace dome, on the palace
stain; everywhere rattling muskets, Gapping banners,
waving plumes, noise, bustle thronging, pushing, bawling,
rearing multitudes—all that is no common trial for the
nerves, however firmly strung, of • mere human being."
The Paris correspondent of the Brussels Lae-
pendanee tars that M. Thins has written a strong letter to
M. Walewski, pointing out the critical state of the French
finances, and recommending M. Vuitry, President of the
Section of the Council of State, as being far preferable to
M. Fould as the new administrator. This letter was at once
shown by M. Walewski to the Emperor.

SIR ROBERT PEEL AT BELFAST.

(From the Third Edition of the Northern Whig.)

BELFAST, SATVIDLT Arrinooti.

This morning Sir Robert Peel, Bart., was pre-
sented with an address from the corporation of Belfast, on
the occasion of his first visit to the town in company with
Lady Emily Peel and Sir Henry Brownrigg. Amongst
those present in the Town Hall were the Marquis of Down-
shire and a large number of the principal inhabitants of the
town. The address was read Iby the town-clerk. It wel-
comed Sir Robert to Belfast, referred in terms of commend.
ation to his conduct while he had been in Ireland, especially
to his endeavours for the further development of education,
and for making himself acquainted by personal observation
with the requirements of the country, and expressed a con-
fident hope that he would, like his illustrious father, have
the satisfaction of receiving the grateful thanks of the
country for his enlightened and impartial policy.
Sir ROBERT Pin in reply spoke at great length. He
announced that he had received many promises of support
jor the endowment of a scholarship in the Queen's Uni-
versity, and mentioned that Mr. Thom, of Dublin, had
promised 1,0001., Mr. Maloolnison 6001., and Mr. GLlBlndei
250/. He descanted in warm terms on the recent pastoral
of Dr. Cullen, and severely condemned the practice of
Roman catholic dignitaries hurling ecclesiastical censures
at public men for what they did not agree with in their
political life. For himself he waa made of sterner stuff
than to heed them. Referring to his late tour in the west
he said, although there was distress from the partial failure
of the potato crop and the dearness of fuel, there was
nothing like a famine, and he declared that the cry of
famine had been got up by those who wished to gain pope.
lar applause from an affected zeal for the poor. Sir Robert
was loudly cheered, and at the termination ot the Address
three cheers were given for Lady Emily Peel.

MR. BRIGHT, M.P., ON REPOLI,.

The following letter has been received from Mr.
Bright, by the Secretary of the Glasgow Council of
United Trades :
Rochdale, Nov. 13,1861.
Dear 81r,—I have received your letter with much plea.
sure, and I need not tell you that I regard your movement
as most important and most wise. It is now nearly throe
years sines, on more than one occasion, I advised the own-
franchised classes to take the coarse which your council has
now adopted, a course which, if followed by the trades or-
ganisation throughout the country, cannot fall to briog
about a speedy concession of the suffrage to a very °Dui-
derable number of those to whom, up to this time, It has
been denied. I

At this moment there are at least six millions of men in
the United Kingdom who have no more political power,
through any system of representation, than they would have
if they were inhabitants of Russia or Austria; they are more
in number than all the men in the new Italian kingdom,
and they are purposely excluded from every political fran-
chise in ► country which professes a great anxiety for the

establishment of representative inetititions in other lands.
Up to the year 1832, the year of the Reform Bill, the
government of England was eatirely in the hands of the
territorial aristocracy. They formed, as they still form,
the House of Lords; and in the House of Commons they
were supreme through the influence of rotten boroughs.
The Reform BiU destroyed many of the rotten boroughs,
and gave a limited suffrage, and a number of seats to popu-
lous towns ; it also increased the number of county mem-
bers, motioning the power of that branch of the repre-
sentation in the bands of the territorial proprietors by
extending the county franchise mainly to the occupying
tenants of farms without affording to them the security
el the bellot.

Looking at the Reform Bill in the moat favourable light,
it many boroughs whose population is too smaß to
secure their independence : it continued a distribution of
seats without any regard to industry, wealth, or population ;
and whilst it cut off several channels by which working men
enfranchised themselves as freemen in boroughs, it effec-
tually barred them out from the new franchise it created
by the high range of rental in counties and boroughs which
it fixed as the line below which the right of voting should
not be permitted to dreend.
Nearly thirty years have passed since the Reform Bill
became law ; and it is, I think, universally felt that the
arrangement then made can no longer be defended or main-
tained. Three whig governments, one coalition govern-
ment, end one tory government have, within the last ten
years, admitted this. fhe Queen has admitted it by express
declaration in several speeches to parliament, and by con-
gesting to the introduction of government bills proposing to
extend the franchise to 101. occupiers. in counties, and to 81.
occupiers in boroughs.
last year, in the session of 1860, a bill was brought in
by the present government, proposing a 10/. franchise for
counties and a tit. franchise for boroughs. lt was intro-
duced feebly, and without any apparent earnestness ; and,
u it. mutinies did not even prettied that they staked their
position as a government on its success, it bad to encounter
not only the opposition of its own open foes, but the hos-
tility of some whoee professions on the hustings are liberal,
but who rather retard than urge forward any liberal mea-
sures itt parliament.
The existing constituencies, with all the disadvantages of
small and dependent boroughs and nomination oou:c1:Z
returned a majority, at the general election of 18H1, pledged
to reform to the extent proposed in the government
But reform to any extent, if hated by the tory party, is
at least not welcome to some of the whims; and in the
absence of dangerous manifestations of impatience on the
part of the people, and with an administration not believed
to be zealous even for its own measure, parliament thought
it as safe as it was pleasant to forget its solemn pledges,
and to disregard the just expectations of the nation.
The position is this. The Queen has admitted your ease.
Statesmen, the most eminent of every party, have admitted
it. The existing constituencies have admitted it. The
House of Commons has admitted it, for it read a second
time, without a division, the bill of 1860. What then is
wanting to your success, so far as that measure grunts your
claim? Nothing is wanting but your own earnest resolution, '
manifested during a few months of political discussion.
I speak to the great uoisufnuichised class, and especially
to those resident in towns and villages. You have an
organisation, more or less complete, almost everywhere.
Cannot this organisation, for a single year, be made an in-
ointment for your political delis-mace ? le good or bad
governineut of no consequence to the millions who toil ? Is
representation good in every moonily but in this? Iknow
how opinion has grown, and that accident and combination
only are wanting to make it an omnipotent force on this
question. Accident rarely fails a good cause, sad combine-
tiou is a weapon that may become invincible in your hands.
Your correspondence with the unenfranchised throughout
the country will show you how ready your countrymen are
to help you.
I would advise you to call upon them in every town and
io every trade. They will see that the hour is come. And
wlidst you manfully assert your right to free citizenship in
your own country, there will not be wasting those in classes
not now excluded to take you by the hand in a real fellow-
ship, sod to work cordially with you to throw down a bar-
rier which is as personally insulting to yourselves as it is
iojunous to the country.
Wishing you every success in the work you have under-
taken, I am youre'very truly, JOHN Barony.
Mr. Matthew Laurence, Secretary to the Council
of United Trades, Glasgow.

Mr. Baiter has addressed his constituents. He
spoke strongly against the French invasion panic and the
extravagance of our warlike expenditure.

Mr. Benito' Stanhope, if. P., and Mr. Nisbet
Hsmdton (better known u Mr. Christopher) have delivered
speeches at Alford.

- Mr. J. Wynno (of the Census-office) has been ap-
pointed secretary to the new beard for the regrdatiou of the
salmon fisheries in England.

The Rotunda at Woolwich, appropriated for the
preservation and display of models and ancient military
trophies, tic., has been ordered to be cloud to the inspection
of the public until after Christmas, in order to carry out
some necessary repairs and make a considerable addition to
its present contents.

The official Roman journal of the 12th has an
announcement to the effect "that his Holiness Pope Pius
IX., constantly animated by generous sentiments towards
his faithful subjects who distinguish themselves in arts
and industry, has condescended to give orders to his govern-
merit to take part in the London Exhibition. For this purpose
• commission will unite with the Ministry of Commerce
and of Public Works, for the purposes of selecting articles
for the Exhibition ; and a Pontifical commissioner will be
specially entrusted in London with the articles to be exhi-
bited. The expenses of carriage and insurance will be
borne by the Pontifical government. The space granted by
the English commissioners to the exhibitors from the Ponti-
fical State is 3,000 superficial feet."
A letter from Copenhagen mentions that the
Royal Society of the North has, by the unanimous vote of
that learned body, admitted as • member his Imperial High-
ness Prince Louis Lucie& Bonaparte.

ROYAL. COLL/101 or SOKOZONS .OF EN4fILA.ND.
Tbe following gentlemen. having undergone the necessary
examinations far the diploma, wore admitted members of
the college at a meeting of the oourt of examiners as the
]sth inst., viti—lllearra. Georgo Framingham Hoff, Gal-
nate ; Thomas Rutherford Adams, L.S.A. Kilkenny ;
James Sheets, Mewl', Bengal Presidency • William MA-
thowSheppard. L.S.A., Geelong, Australia ; Jobs Da-
mien, Sydney, Australia ;and John Geary Troy, Clarendon.
Nom.