The Express.
London, England, 1850-11-06 00:00:00

Ehe eimreols.

OUTGOING MAILS.
The mails for Lobos, Ogabe. and Gibraltar will be made
up to-morrow taunting.
The mails via Marsoilles, to therditerreneas, Egypt,
Boyles, India, HearKoag, ite., Will be made up to
mein.
The mails for British North. AllOrkii, Bermuda, and the
Hailed States wiU be made up, per " Niagara," on the
imagist of Nov. 8.
The mails for the West hales, Veuesuele, New Granada,
Orrytosni, aid Jecarel, will be made op ea the morning of
14. m. 18.
The mails for Hevaaaah, Hoidens, Names, gut Jaeael,
sad Dm, will be made epos the morning.' Nov. 18.
The malls for Gibraltar, Yalta, Groom, the lomaa
Egypt, Goyim, India, sad Chime. via Bouttiamptat, will
he Needs up ea the evening of Nov. 20.
Thu nelle for Memo will be made ap ou the morals( of
Dee. 2.
The mails for Madeira, the Bradle, mud Buenos Army will
be auk op on the evening of Des. 4.

RION WWI= AT UNIDO. 611131111
Tom D43—ifortm. lasstrosa. Si. IT.
To-magew—WATuag, Atiosai. 41t. 3.

-- ---
LONDON, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 6.

Tax Manchester edueational conference appears to
have defined most surxeasfully the legitimate
boondaries of public secular education. Throughout
all Christendom the religious eduction of men has
been surrendered to the church. We use the word in
that comprehensive sense in which every publicist
ought to use it. We nee it to express not Um Itomish
church, or the Anglican church, but that great aggre-
gate church of which all organised churches (in the
restricted sense of the term) are mere divisions or
compartments, whether they embrace millions in
their communion, like that of Rome, or two indi-
vidual, as one separatist church we could mention
actually doer. Again, the views of parental autho-
rity which prevail in all civilised nations of the Eu-
ropean raw, concede to parents the moral training, es
they concede the physical nurture, of their children.
In the eyes of the civilised European the family of
parents is an inviolable domestic asylum, into which
intrusion against their will ought no more to be tole-
rated than forcible intrusion into an Englishman's
house is according to the theory of English law. But
children are not merely members of a church and of
some domestic circle, they are also citizens, members
of a civil society. If their church and their family
have claims upon them and duties towards them, so
has the state. Upon the church, then, devolves the
responsibility of training the young Christian, upon
the parents devolves the responsibility of training the
young member of their family circle, but upon the
state devolves the responsibility of training the

young citizen.
This is the Bch% in which Mr. COBDEN so forcibly
placed the intentions of the conference at its last
meeting. He declared, in the name of his colleagues,
to the clergy of ell denominations, that they did net
intend to take their disciples from them. He re-
minded parents that they did not tfropose to take their
children tad shut them up in boarding schools. The
end and aim of their tforts, he proclaimed, was for
six or eight hours, in fire days of the week, to ensure
to children instruction in that secular knowledge
which is indispensable to the right discharge of the
duties of the citizen ; :saving the children to the care
and instruction of their pastors on the Sabbath, to
the care and instruction of their parents throughout
the week, except during school hours.
There is nothing in such a division of educational
labour as is not, in part at least, practised every day.
How many parents pram the ability or the leisure'
to immart to their children even the mere elements of
knowledge? The parents most sedulous in the dis-
charge of their parental duties, the most j. aloes of
alien Influence over the opinions and habits of
their children, *end them to public schools, or employ
tutors to teach them, from the A B C up to the most
recondite mysteries of the classics and mathematics.
Again, they do not dream of having their children
taught all !hinge at once, or by the same master.
Among the middle and upper classes, children often
go to one school fee writing, to another for Latin, and
to a third for modern languages, The most anxiously
sectarian of parents do not seek to ascertain before-
hand the orthodoxy of the dancing, music, and Italian
masters. With the aid of the clergyman cf whose
ministrations they avail themselves, they seek to
instil habi s of practical piety into the young mind ;
by watching for and checking undue stiles of temper
and improper practices, they reek to form them for
domestic life ; and the instruction required for pro-
fessional and public life they procure for them at the
hands of the beet teachers withia their reach and
means.
Now even amorg the middle classes therein scarcely
a father of a family, who does not feel, with our exist-
ing un-organised means of education, how difficult a
matter it is to find teachers upon whose competence
he can rely, or to defray the expense of the numerous
isolated teachers be is compelled to employ. Of
course, as we descend lower and lower in the scale of
affluence, the difficulties from both causes to be sur-
mounted increase in a more than geometrical ratio.
The number of private educational institutions sup-
parted by the middle classes, and the lamentable
destitution of education among the poorer classes,
show at once how far the principle of combination or
association can go to diminish the cost and ensure the
efficacy of teachers, and how much extended and
perfected association is needed for such purposes.
Upon the as yet undeveloped, or imperfectly de-
veloped, law of society, revealed by the facts now
adverted to, eves the defence of the plan of local
schools supported by local ratee. This law it is that
renders the scheme as practicable as it must be bene-
ficial. It is the interest of every parent that there
should be within his reach schools at which his
children may obtain the best possible instruction at
the lowest possible cost. This object may best be
attained by the combination of all householders or
heads of families in a locality to have schools estab-
lished in which the teachers are remunerated partly
by fixed salaries to ensure them a modest com-
petence or independence ; partly by moderate
tees for the various branches of instruction afforded
in order to stimulate them to exertion. Bo the com-
bination of all the householders or heads of families
is a locality, the salaries of the local teacher+ may be
raised by rates somuderate as to be little more than
nominal ; while the practice of allowing moderate fees
to be charged for the different branches of instruction
enables the poor man, whose children must earn their
bread by labour, to obtain for them the elementary
knowledge necessary in their bumble vocations from
teachers as able as those who instruct the children of the
wealthy, while the latter, for the payment of mode-
rate additional fees, can obt sin for their children, in
the same seminaries, instruction in all the higher
branches of knowledge. In a country like ours,
where industry, intelligence, and good conduct often
raise the humblest to the highest rank, the mixture
of the young of all classes in seminaries so constituted
would be in itself an invaluable part of education.
Having reached this point, the next Tuition that
arises relates to the expediency or admissibility of
state interference. It must be obvious, on a very
superficial examination, that in order to any into
*Stet such a system of co-operation for the eptablish-
ment and maintenance of schools, certain compulsory
powers agai net dissentients must be vested in the
aggre-
gate of householders or heads of families wield* a
locality. Were the contributions voluntary, preju-
diced or niggardly spirits would withhold them.
Such powers can only be conferred by the supreme
legialature ; and it is both the right and the duty of
the supreme legislature to confer them.
Ity rendering contributions towards the mainte-
nance of schools compulsory, the legislature infringes
on no right of free opinion. It leaves inviolate the
field of religious opinion in which the church repudiates
interference; it leaves inviolate the field of domestic
morals which parents reserve to themselves. And it
is the duty of the state to lee that its young citizens
rooms sufficient intellectual training to enable them
to learn for themselves what the laws are which they
are bound, often under terrible penalties, to obey. In
maple and not numerous communities laws were
made public by proclamation; in our crowded and
complex mewl laws are merely printed, and perhaps
is it to
netting mote can be done. Bat what a mockery and
ialustice exact obedience to laws thus published,
unle
ss the enacting power takes care that all its sub-
jects shall be able to read them, and read them un-
derstandingly? Again it is the isterest as well as the
duty of the state to provide fur the training of all citi-
zens in avatar or civil knowledge; for only thus can
it ensure a constant enoosesion of individuals compe-
tent to discharge the duties of civil offices; only tens
can it ensure that general development of intelligence

alike neseasary for the mond and physitml wed being
of eooist y.
Bat fa the ministry of civil or lar educa-
tion, am is all departments of adminkitrOve /firers:
meat, exoessive osobslisstion narjews mei eassiges.
And therefore, it is better that thb state, enlieners/
legislature and government, issued of charging ftself
with the details of educational management, should
rest satisfied with persoribicg in general terms that it
shall be provided, and with keep rag strict watch to
it▪ s that its erases he obeyed, leavieg the execution of
s ordinal's= to the organised local communities into
which the empire fa divided.
The space dims remarks already occupy, warns us
to draw to a close for the present. This one addi-
tional remark, however, we must make : To the
sneeec of any agitation or movement fur the public
benefit two things are required —intelligence* and per-
severing energy in thorns who commence
certain degree of preparedness in the public
mind to be acted upon. Whether those who
have originated the present educational move-
meet posses the memory qualifications must be shown
by their future operations ; their prooredings at start-
ing are of good augury. That the public mind is
ripe for such a movement seems to us obvious, from
the tone and temper of the comments of the press
on the Manchester conference. To go no fur-
ther than two of our morning metropolitan contem-
poraries, we have the conservative noses winding up
an able exposition of the wretched state of existing
provisions for general education by warning thaw
who entertain its opinions not to mar the prospect of
good by injudicious or indiscriminate opposition ; and
the high-church Chronicle, starting objections, it is
true, but in no uneandid or uncharitable spirit.
" The fields are white unto barred ;" may the
Lir-appointed reapers put in their sickles wisely and
warily !

Darns the annual exhortation to remember it,
the Fifth of November was rapidly descending from
the rank of a festival into the common-place of every
day. GUT FAux, once a British institution, appeared
likely, at no distant day, to have become aforgotten,
u it has long been an unprofitable, mummery.
The improved feeling of the British people
has for many years been unfavourable to the
day, and to the mode of keeping it. We had
passed the period when it was • part of the system
of government to inflame the people against the POPE
I and the Pretender. Sectarian violence had greatly
moderated; therefore the sth of November was lees
and less commemorated. Public decwum and pri-
vate opinion alike forbade one man to scoff at another
concerning his religion; and therefore GUT FAUX,
with many other vulgar things, was going out of
fashion. Of recent years, doubts even have invaded
people's minds u to the existence of en original cause
for a GUY Faux celebration; and if things had been
left u they were, the lapse of another quarter of a
century would probably have reconciled the English
to the notion that there never was a " plot," and that
GUY FAUX was a fable.
Thanks, however, to the POPE and the Pretender—
to Plus of Rome and NicifoLAs cdWestminster—

Our Fstrx yesterday was disinterred, and received
with all the acclamations of a century back. He
visited the metropolis in various guises : in one place
assuming the resemblance of the POPS himself: in
several instant*s appearing in the broad red hat end
glowing stockings with which Cardinal NICHOLAS
will henceforward be associated : in other eases look.
leg amazingly like our own sour-ringed prelate,
Pope HENRI of Exeter : elsewhere attended by nab
a train as the Rev. Father BENNETT delights to ex-

hibit on high festivals at the Wilton Alibey. In fact
he came out in the morning in every conceivable
form and figure that was calculated to awaken the
present symeathies of the people, and he " went off"
at night amid a display of rockets and crackers that
it would have done Sir WILLTtx Co:comma% heart
good to have witnessed. Roman candles (not those
used at St. Paul's, Pimlico,) were at an enormous pre-
mium; and, as one of the old archbishops need to re-
commend, "a flame was kindled throughout this land
that might have lighted up the Vatican itself."
"0 ov Faux," as serving to commemorate an age
of distrust and religious persecution, is a celebration
that it has long been the desire of the better-thinking
portion of this people to discourage. And it has
been discouraged. Far the last twenty years few
bare heard, and still fewer have witnessed, clergy-
men in robes heading the fifth of November proms-

sione, and inciting stubble to violent demonstrations.
Those scenes belonged to an age of which FIELD-
ING has left us a vivid record, bat to which the
recollection of few living can extend. But the
"OCT Faux" of yesterday was a demonstration
which, if regretted, can scarcely be blamed. It aimed
not at the revival of catholic and protestant animosi-
ties, but at the revival of an attempt for catholic pre-
dominance. It displayed the feeling of the people,
not against their Roman catholic fellow-citizens.
but against the attempt of the Roman pontiff
to establish in this realm no order not recog-
nised by our law. Strange to gay, there are even
catholic' who might have joined in the sentiments
with which OUT Faux was recoived in England yes-
terday. For the first time since the reign of JAMES
I. • catholic could agree that there were good grounds
for checking the arrogant assumption of the heads of
his own church, and that a demonstration on the
part of those opposed to it, was neither unfair
nor entirely uncalled for. If the POPE and
Cardinal WISEMAN have inflicted an affront
on our Sovereign—if their recent proceeding
has been an unwarrantable attack on the spiritual
liberties of England—how much more is it to be
condemned when we regard it with reference to the
position in this country of the church they represent?
What had the Roman Catholics of England done to Dr.
WISEMAN that he should advise a movement calculated
at once to array against them the protestant feeling of
• protestant empire ? How had the catholics of Ireland
injured Dr. Wtsesta.N, that he should inflict on them
the grievous injury to which the cause of that nation
will probably be subject, in consequence of this check
upon the growth of tolerant opinions? Of what na-
tion te Dr. WISEMAN, that he should thus endeavour
to array the political feeling of England against the
Roman pontiff? that he should place that pontiff,
his own spiritual scierior, in a position of
hostility to the Queen of ENGLAND, to whom he him-
self acknowledges temporal allegiance? Of what
church is he that he should take • measure which
throughout enlightened Christendom, when the feel-
ing of this people comes to be kno co and understood,
will be regarded as little less than an insane aggres-
sion? Yes: it is Cardinal WioutAN that the (Atha-
lies of England have to thank for reviving the
"lumbering memories of papal intoleranoe—the fading
recollections of a " gunpowder treason," and the fast
decaying hostility towards those who perpetuate in
their families and persons the unreformed religion of
the country.
The pulpits rung yesterday with denunciations of
popery and stories of " the Plot." Every street
' : echoed to the chorus :

Wei see no reason
Weyeupowder treason
131 mid ever be forgot."
The Royal Standard floated on the Tower of Wind-
sor, and the national flag was hoisted at every public
building throughout Leedom. Nothing delighted the
populace like Ouv Faux; even Poach was com-
paratively inattractive, whilst the Fantoecini were
j entirely deserted. All England, from the highest to
the lowest, burnt the POPE in the evening. They
I burnt him in Golden-square, they made a bon-fire
at Pimlico. That which nerd to be the folly of a set
of ragged boys was elevated into the act full of purpose
.of a thinkingpftple. Such are the demonstrations
' which this ridiculous assumption has occasioned; such
are the indications of public feeling which await the
Cardinal "Archbishop of Westminsttr" when he
puts his foot upon these shores. It is too late for him
to stay the torrent : it will be didicrilt for any one to
item it. Rome cannot recut this act; and if eh*
could meal it, its effect upon the public mind could
not be effaced. The government, as usual, may
endeavour to shirk its effects by delay and seeming
eireisessess: but even they may delay upon this gate-
time seta it is too late. There is one class who have not
as yet spoken out upon the subject, and that is the
class most deeply interested in it. We ask with some
anxiety what are the opinions of the Roman oatholies
of England? Were they content with their position
prior to the assumption of power by the POnt—oe do
they prefer the new hierarchy appointed to rule over
them? If a feeling prevails amoog them that a step
bas been taken seriously calzulated to injure their
position in Great Britain, would it not be as well
that that opinion should be recorded whilst there is
yet time ?