The Express.
London, England, 1857-04-04 00:00:00

THE RUSSIAN RAILWAYS.

The prospectus of the Rossittn Railways Company
has now been publialied in La Press.. We extract some
prams of this prospect s;:
" The company has fur it. object the notuttenetion of a
east network of railways, the lines of which have been com-
bined in such a manner u to utiefy the moat immediate and
important nestirenumts of Kmiec This network is divided
into four limo .
1. The line from St. Peteniburst to Warsaw,
with a branch towards K ouMMierg ... 1,249 lam.
2. The hne from Moscow to Theulosui 1,239
3. Thu hne from Kursk or OM to Libuu... 1,227 tt
4. The line from Moscow to liijoi-Norgunal 427 to

Total 4,162 kilos.
Them lengths are only approximative, and may be modified
by the definitive treeing 14 the linos.
" A glance at the num shows the importance of these lines,
the object of which is to oecore the conveyance of those
articles which are tho chief ntx,....trins of life •throughout the
interior, the exportation of agricultural produce, and the
importation of foreign products, at the same time that they
will facilitate the movement of the population in those parts
where it im met deone.
_ _

"In fact, the north of Russia is partly covered with forests ;
the moil dues not produce in aulficient quantim the corn re—
quired fur the support of the population. The central pro-
vinces, around Moecoor' ate tuandiseturinz, and their soil
likewise is incipable of furnishing oulii, km food for the in-
habitants. Further mouth, on the contrary, there is an im-
mense belt of lands of uncommon fertility, the region of the
• black wile Lastly, twowarde the south, come the steppes,
where the greater port of the cattle are reemd that are
destined for the enneumptiom of Rimeis.
" Now, sitting aside the line from St. Petersburg to War-
saw, which has its special destination as an international
line, connecting the capital with the European system of
' railway., all the other lines have been combined with
a view to favour in the highest degree home and foreign
trade; the necessities of the first or- shown by the enonnum
differences in the prices of breedetall., NOM h fetch low prims
where they are green, at a time when wourity is severely
Mt in the northern province.; the actual iniportanee of the
moored is to be measured by the fact of one milliard of francs
' changing hands for the value of goods, most of these cum-
weighing about 1,500,000 tem. Its future iniportruice
is limited only by the wants of ELtrope with reelect to wood,
corn, oleaginous gentile and seeds, skins, wool, tallow, flax,
hemp, he.
" The hoe freer Moscow to Nijei-Novgorod eontiects the
industrial or manufacturing cepital of the empire with its
principal newt, ielcbmted tor the extensive tree...tains that
take p there at the annual Stir; it phi,. the Volga, a
navigable artery of 3,600 kilometres, and Owed entirely
outside the territory which peculiarly belongs to the con-
ceded network of railways, in C012111111111C116011 with Moscow
by the shortest line of Juction. A large traffic is secured
fur it.

"1 he southern lota connects Moscow with Theockrais
(Kara), the best natural harbour of the Bleb Sea, where
commerce will Iliad the fatalities and accommodation which
sre wanting at (AMA ; 'amides, it cotoolunicates with the
latter city through the maritime part of the Doeiper rod the
sea. it crimes the ' black lands' for en extent of 700 kilo-
metres; it alto& them en easy outlet toward. the Black Sea
fur their corn, oleaginous grain, Udlow, flax, hemp, he., but
a still inure important one towards the Baltic. It will convey
northwards the cattle of the Steppes, the wine. of the Crimes,
the salt of the Ssz of Azulf, and especially the coal of the
Donete basin, discovered and workeil already in the vicinity
ofKharkotf, and destined to play a considerable part in the
future manufacturing enreer tat Ramie.
" Thu hue Bum Kursk or Orel to Libau is destined 'oboes:tem
one of the groat routes for the exchange of rural produce, so
unequally diatributed between the curious part• of the em-
pire; it is especially d.tintd to convey to the 'tattle for ex-
portation the corn and all the vegetable and aui,eal produce
collected by the touthern line in the centre of the "Black
Lands," and by the Kijni line from the Volga and its tribu-
taries.

England, France, Belgium, &c., import annually for their
own conetimption more than three million tone of wares,
which 1E1..4 could exclusively supply them with ; with re-
spect to the greater part of which sire has to encounter the
rivalry ofthe United States, bat in which .l. will have an
incontestable preponderance when the network of her rail-
ways shall have been completed.
"(Inc of the most deci.ive elements of success for the Rus-
sian network is to be found in the very rigour et' the climate.
The told never prevents the regular despatch of railway
trains. The anew has interrupted the train.; upon the
average only one day per annum along the line Rom St.
retemburg to 11.•:111/' but, on the other 111[01, the na-
vigable mutes an, frozen for six ifiontln iu the north, and
during that period the railway will have the inceepoly of all
the transports, with L.cileits. also, by means of sludges, for
the branch commenicaliens.
" This advantage hi the more striking because the starting
point of the lines, which form altogether what mop be culled
the exportation ',stem of railway., debonair. et the port of
Liban, which is fit degree. further south than St. Peters-
burg, end is scarcely obstructed by the ice during three
wMes ore month, ci heroes at St. Petersburg and Inge all
navigation Is suspended for Rat ei six months together.
Li 1.1611. which is an unimportant hart:scar at present, is there-
fore destined to become the cenfre of exportation for Russia's
prwduce and of importation for foreign products. The go-
eminent has engaged to construct the works for improving
the harbour of Lill:to, in order that thry may be ready by
the time the railway fa fit for being worked.
" The harbour of labsu will rammed° the harbours of
St. Peterthunt and Rigs, at these periods when they are
filmed by the ice. Weevers. the exportation which pre,. eels
at present rbi Memel and lienigsberic, will resort there fur
the sake of the facilities afforded to the national commerce.
This twofold advantage adds gently, therribre, to the im-
portance of the lino between St. Petersburg and ‘Varsow,
which at the lithe time will IiOCTOIIICI 11 Cleat commercial
route.

--;-the conceded lines will supply the inhabitant., and es-
pecially the bodice of worktutn who ore gelled about in the
various parts of the c euntry, with rapid and cheap lamas of
conv9unce, which have lathery, Le en quite a Mall rutetn.
" 1 he engineer. charged by We coarsely with the
,n limt-
nery survey and estimate of the underteLing hare edictal tied
that the average gross receipts of the netwoek would come to
43,500 f. per kilometre; this is the result of the I:Ambitious
in detail for each line, confirmed by the facts observed on the
line from Moscow to St. l'etersburgt s hero notwithstanding
the inauflleiency of the nuth:riri and or the a...cum./dation
for the trallic of merchandise, the gross receipt. per kilo-
metre rove in 1846 to twee then 411,00.1 foams. In
the estimate adopted, travellers have been set down
at only ouc-fotuth, although the lima trim% rse the
most polmloua parts of lice empire. In proportion to
the facilities resulting from the low price vi fuel lull mouonl
labour, specially tm amount of the e alvidwntblu rveeipts per
kilometre which will be derived, Caking the trains on the
average, from the gnash traffic for great diSiAIIICCIS drawn by
powerful locomotives, with very favourable goo:lento, we may
estimate the uorkuti; expenses at the rate of 45 per cent.
as the ma:donna.

InC.,;-Tri;;Uce, the total resit*. will be 150,313,50 N;
the expanses at 43 per cent b. , -4203,610 E ; a net
return of 10 4110,196 f.
"With the exception of the line [tutu St. Pelernburg to
Warsaw, sll the werl3, arc of very cosy execution; ripen this
line the government ablatives temporarily the 72 million', of
francs it has already expended, soil which will be defrayed
only by its obaring in the special profits of this line, atter
pty went of the interest.
••The average toot of the lines which ge to form
the network, supposhog only one line of rail to be laid
down, but including the works nlremly finished for 72
millions of franca is estimated by the engineer., at 273,630
francs per kilometre. This nvenme is obtained from the
figures given in the coneesoiorair,- charter, and u hick Lave
been esieulated with the *sent of the germ-tumult, MO no to
enable the company to tribe poswg,ion completely, and pro-
vide fur the exigLaties of I. vo.itleribie troth,. Sinvill them
Le a surplus, it would he employed in ditninialling the
contly's tapital, or would form a Men() for the further
dove merit a the lines.
T e prim of land in Russia sin be iv,. moderate ; a
great port will Le mule over gratuitously from the domains
of the crown. The wood, an cacti` ill element in sal Russian
constructions, ia extremely cheap; the iron and machinery
are to be imported five of duty, and conveytd at rim cost of
Lack freights, by the railway from St. Petersburg to Moscow.
Except on the line !rem St. Petersburg to Warsaw there rint
only o few bridges, not ninny embankments or artificial
works; and over glint Worts of band there ore tincemmen
facilities for eonstreetion. Throughout the 4,0110 kilo:nom
of network there will not Le a single tunnel, ev, n or Menu-
siderable length ; the ditil,uhies %hell would Le incurred in
creasing sortrshes will be avoided in the adoption of the routes.
" The railways that rimy Lest be compor, wi; h that of
Run-ia have been contra ted at a tar 1,-. average coot Mon
the pmsrnt estimate far these rail ,nrys whoa completed and
waked.'

A DErunrioN, consisting of the Mayor of Bir-
mingham and sonic of tho oeieers of the Society of Artists
in that town, waited upon Co ant the Pereigity, the }Wall
ambassador, a row days, ago, with an address to the Emperor
of the Fretich, retinae:tug his Majesty to be pleased to allow
the important worts of the Com. h masted now on view at
the Royal Fesetish Academy, to bo exhihited at the Rd-
minghani Exhibition. The deputation wet with a very
row:eons deaption, and a day or two since a reply was
received from the tenbeeseslur to the cffect that tho Emperor
consent. to plate dune pimatos at the dispchal of tho mem-
bers of the Society of Artists at Birmingham at the elute of
the Edb,:sti-gli Exhibition.
Dt till 01 Tile. RSV. DR. ALEXANDER FROM
PoisoNDD:.—VAltsoNsruWN. Tor as DAV Eves
lets just bean officially reputed to tho authorities Lore that
the Rev. Jamas. Alexemler, LL.D., expired Plant 12 o'clock,
at his revidenre, Killyeadley, near Ferbane, from the conic-
queuese of his basing pea taken of anemic in arrow-nee, which
was ordered for hint when convalescent from a recent Plight
indispoei.i at. It will be recollected that the rev. gentleman
sent to the shop of a grocer named Midfield, iu the town
of Ferbano, fur one pound of arrowroot, which unhappily
was made up w ith a careless addition of arsenic by a shop.
man named Dmis Grogan. who has been held to bad by the
local magistrates to take hie trial at the next quarter sessiune
for its administration. The lamented death of the reverend
gentlemen may vary the character end consequrnore of the
proceedings to be taken against Grogan and his master,
Whit& Id. The rev. doctor was rector of ILo pori,h of Tis-
eerie. but for sorer time he had not taken any c, ry attire
part in the duties of the ministry thereof. Au inquest will
be held, the result of which will be report :.I.—.4r,neferes
New Lair.