The Express.
London, England, 1857-04-08 00:00:00

of London.

" Gentlemen,—ln the iliirtesn week, of the = which
sad/ on the 28th of March list there were 852
the rhabitants of the City of London. Thin
does the average mortality at UM seams et the year ; far
shorts( the winter quarters of the last eight years the mean
/meth-rate in Meaty has beat but 842, sod in the correspond-
ing mad MBA year ft wee wily 756. Each of the unions
tze.tributed to this large mem, but the principal
wee in the St. Botolph division of the East
led= Union, where the death-rate has rim from
it general average of 133 to 151. There has also
been a remarkable dear In the mortality of the
peer la ell the City workhouses ; deed, with but one ezeep
its, the workhouse mortaildes he this pester are greater
Id they haw ewer been idea the aromponding dead
the lest eight year.. I drink this is wards to the dr-
of the paddies with applitants kr relle4 en
aorob":*the sank of ompkrand sad the durum el
prailest, them diking particularly unlisakay in the
skate rd the don. Tie ma mortality in ths City hoe beem
at ea mand rate of EU per 1,000 of the inhishilide, bed
of 26.9, width is the average ; and, as dal, the three My
dams have contributed way unequally eethe general
'Mudd the diality of the East Lon Ustasm=
the ei• at 81 .4 per 1,800, while that of the West
Lorton has born but 29.0. mot that the City 20.7. The
I edged niertelity in all bMat this meson ot the year
bloat $6.2, &bough the la large town• is 27.4,
sod east et country died. le 22.7. The mortality,
ihmelhee, la the City Oaks lm ban greatly below the
doge oven of country dioldels, while that of the
Bailors and Western Cokes has been In exams of the usual
/sodality of kw towns. Of the 852 deaths reseeded, 299
were among claim of leas thin 6 years of ege,and 220 were
among aid pemma 4 40 yawl of age ea waste. Owe,
se is the ha the aostera and dim add of the
City hire o ewe to the de than the
central ;he Ytr the matelity of add= In die Oity Union
woo Mt /19 ger ewe of ell the Itrolds. wide Sal of the
lastan
Mimes high as 41 Frani The dad causes
of teak de the omnem of Os embeetery eyed. To
that seasilidad 818.
_or od/ di per SAL of all the
deals Bwatillb wee Obi is 1312 isedee• assumption
in iditadnethin in isagliresugh mop in 48,
am/ aid 111; lodise seta Ohms de St dada from
est ihs .._.Jim.. Ithst• 27 from
allbstrir frgoisa_. diashoo, 11 them sad tsar, 9 from
10 from erase g hent
ad from the tubeelder Aides of childhood.
nos were also 58 time term Aside and starvation.
Of all these mod ads el drib. bytbucephalus
and etsratrions, Indio dienid, ydridia, and bras-
eithis, and tubercular Odd graerelty. Yaw been unti-
dily peeralest. The ISO tar dimes hme RIME from
13, width woe the conespondag &adonis of but year, to
82 ; the wooed horn 08 to 114, and the third dem 94 to 133.
In all these mese, as before, the relative iddity of the
eastern district of the City has been largest, The that pants
to the eddies of some habits but al pied Jerre
that is at work in undermining the strength nod vitality of
the population. I have endeavoured to /limey the real
Wen of this influence, by radar into the eltameler and the
sessent of rimer that has prevailed among the
peer to the wont driller of the City, but I
Yea not been able to Imre touch beyond the
general fact, that 3,639 ems of direr have been
attended to during the Bet three menthe by the
eleven medical oftlow of the City unions. Of these do
185 were fever, 87 diarrhoea, and S cholera, all of which
have been the subject of a marching inquiry, in order that
the excitieg muses of their existenee might be discovered,
sad the remedies of sanitary wienee applied. I have also
both at much pain. during the loot three menthe to smelter
the precise conditions of the derellinom, the labile, and the
discorso of the poor. Out of 1,923 houses that have been
generally inepeeted during the quarter, 474 have been tope-
cially examined as to the number of occupants, the condition
and cubic capacity of the moms, the number of beds In
melt room, and the prim paid for the weekly rental
of it. In this way 2,206 rooms have been most
eireenotentially inspected, and the general moult is that
steely all of them me filthy, or overcrowded, or imperfectly
drained, or badly ventflat4 or out of repair. In 1,989 of
than rooms—all, feet, thr are at percent inhabited—
ire see 6,791 inmates, botregag to 1,676 &Millet ; and to
my nothing .4 the too fregant renrence of whet may be
regarded as a necoritous gremereerding, where the husband,
the wife, and young. tam" four or fire children an
mewled into •• inieerahly smell and ilbrionditioned nom,
the.. are =dem ineteds where adults of both emee,
begin to dillbnat iheidia, are lodged in the same
masse, regardites of ad the commoner decencies ef
lea—when from three to five adults., men and
wsmen bexidea a rosin or tweetehildorm, are arveromed to
herd together like brute besets or Paw., where all the
lame of nature are performed in the moot public and ,offete
lee manner, and where every human instinct of propriety
semi dreary is smothered. Like my perks:moor, f have
sem grown persona of both rue riesling in common with
their to, brother. and raters, and cousin, and even the
tresel erociaintenne of a day'. tromp occupying the Wince bed
of filthy raga or etruw—a woman eutfering in travail in
the midst of modem and females of different familim that
tenant the some room—where birth and death go hand In
hand—where the child but newly born, the patient ear
down With fever, and the corp.e waiting for in-
terment have no separation from en..h other or
from the rest of the Inmost... Such inetanor
aro these, and I might add others, of even more extreme dm
&torment, are not uncommon within the walls of thisg%
and though they call homily for interference, yet 1 i
know how the govern of the commirion cm be bud eales
deed in wppmsing them. Of the many amstowhfr
have alluded there re some that have commands/ ray Mon-
by morn of their mums! depravity—era le Mil&
from 3 to 5 ordults of both POICO, with many children. Mem
lodging in the same room, and often sleeping in the gem
bed. I have notes of throe or four localitiee, where 48 men,
73 women, and 59 children, are living in 34 rooms.
They arc distributed somewhat as folio. —Ter
men, 2 women, and 3 children, in one room; 1
man, 2 women, and 3 children; 1 man, 4 wane % MA
2 children; 2 men, 3 women, and 1 child : 2 men, 1
and 2 children; 1 man, 4 women, and 1 child; 1 term"tri
women ; 2 men and 3 women ,• end en on. The ream aft
WI dirty and ill-furnished, end the rent paid for them varies
from 1.. 3d. to 3s. Gd. per week, the average being gel 2s.
Not long rime I directed your attention to a Inadity where
these depraved conditions were unusually prevalent, and now
it ie my duty to speak of another that is not lees denioralird.
In the ward of Dishopegate, • little above Houndeditch,
these is a narrow Morro called Roxe-alley, which leads
from the mein thoroughfare into New-street. This alley
contains a row of 12 hours, which are to • Mockingly
dirty and 'vinous condition. FAA house contain, from
6 to 7 rommerbkh are inhabited by the very poorer of the
poor Irieh. In all there are 77 rooms, and of three there ate
76 tenanted by G 3 families of 252 promo. Eight of the
rooms are occupied by 10 men, 17 women, and 12 children.
In one mom there are 2 men, 3 women, and 6 children ; and
in another I I
moron 4 women, and 2 children ; and when Mont
fortnight mince virted the beet room on the ground tor
of No. 5, I found it occupied by I man, 2 women, and 2
adieus, and in it err the dead body of a poor girt
who died in childbirth a few doyen before.
The body was stretched out on the bore fire
without shroud or coins. There it by to the
midst of the living; and we may well wok, how
it can be odherwire than that the human heart
should be deadened to all the gentler feelings of our nettles
when each eights as theme ate of common °mummer. Them
room. are let of from la. 3,1. to Ix 9.1. per week, and they are
wretchedly dirty and mtreably furnished ,• in fact, they are
infested with that peculiarly fury and sickening moll
which is characteristic of the filthy haunt, of poverty.
There also lurk the germs of dream. which wait only for ono
hut condition to bring them into frightful activity. Dr.
Fowler, who is the medical attendant of the poor in that
neighbourhood, inform. me that ltme-alky fen ermatantly
the abide of direr, and Fix week, ago it woe infeeted with
fever, whirl passed from room to room, and attacked almost
all the adult males of the colony. So severe maths visitetion
of the Mean that he was obliged to order the removal of
story.imaill..ooll WI he WIN ptrirketi down by the malady.
la a pollutwl atorepare it it not surprising that
epitomise sod other infectious dimes. should often pt the
miry /medical Mill, and Motor decimate the popuLtion.
8e ekes rat unwholesome is the eturephere of some of the
sass, that I hare endemoured to aerrotain by chemical
mum whether it doss ad calfskin some peculiar product of
dmemposition that_ glees to it It. ford odour and its ears
of engendering dad I lad that it is not only
ebelrmt in the due wiped 4 11171 pa, but it mom
him three times the usenl mad of radio
=NW* a Tan= =arm charged with
matter that . nis in doubtless
the }mini d pstrefeetion sod /the done foetid and stag-
nem that pollute the Imhof *niers la=
weeder mole andintbssoof my
has bars Ids a this patildial itarT"i=e, and te
the senerigninse howl. humus Ideas ate Mk IMF
tracts& leselliths. ant I spa revert to it land olds ins
impordesoot dui, Si it porpoldles
bar thar
e 110.4 1111111411 m bit boom ewe seethe
with this lineeps • yet dada, wow"
ilia
th• sod idioms llantslair
their heath doe
their sib Mirk ssun/Murk owl siolliebig, utas wisky mob en,
the seldmilw rob he bona ii WINN taitrihris, dal
=Mltis IMO Os Isigow. XL as= Wita ellO.
I le es dad sidado7
ns that
we lave yet to midi. As la this amens d Imosaing
these sari Owe Is Int ••• were te pone. The law
Ole yes power Is take sea se will doom the
registration of sod piens is mama bosomy sal

thou you can luive control through your officers over the
number and conation of the inmates. To follow out
this warm to an effective manner will demand much
labour and much flrioneee of purpose, but I appre-
hend the results will amply repay for all this, and
that the young gen... Mien that will be educated
under a better condition of things will not only
be more vigorous in bodily development, but will also be
stronger in manta activity and in the moral acuities, and
will there he bettor able to follow out the gnat wpmm
of exatenos. Already you have taken such mom as the
powers of your arts of parliament enable you to enfants foe
the cleanliness of the dwellings of the poor, and
rTmlitter in cheek the foul emanations from
stake sad filthy closet., and for insuring a proper =tilt
water. 421 orders have been booed during the wafter for
sanitary improvements of this description, bat they a
almost powerless in mitigating the evils complained of, st:
so they will be an long a. human beings are permitted to had
together in the way in which I have described."
"1 have the honour to remain, gentlemen, your obedient
servant,
"Guildhall, Apri
(Sl
Ith, igned)
1867." " HT. LITMAN; N.B.
Mr. ADNANAII—Mr. Chairman, the report which bas just
been read by our medical officer is a most important one. No
one I am sure can go into the places alluded to without
mooing to precisely the same conclusion that be has done,
and we are all very much indebted to him for the very able
report which he has this day presented to us. (Hear, hear.)
I move that the report he printed, and thst it be referred to
the Gemara Purposes Committee to consider sad take such
step as may he zweemary with regard to it.
Mr. B —I Named the motion. I think that a
more dagaidng sad diograceful state of things was never
bean 'magi* tinder the notice of this coneniedon. (Hear.)
The moths was carried unanimously.
COSTA AND CHANGAN OF run INITROPOLITAN SWARD OF

Mr. DAR, the chief clerk, rind following report, which
was referred beck to the General Purposes Couuninek with
Inatrurtions to conks with the Metropolitan Board of Work'
upon the onbjszt to which it relates:
To the honourable Cotnnustioners of Sewers of the City
of London.

"—«'o whose names are hereunto set, your committee on
general purpoaos, to whom on the 17th of March laid it was
referred to inquire into the question of rating the City of
London by the Metropolitan Board of Works under the
Metropolitan Local Management Act, pursuant to the pre-
cept addressed to the Chamberlain, sad the report of the
clerk in relation thereto, do certify that we have met together
from time to time to ominider the same, and have been
attended by your 'elicitor, Mr. T. Tyrrell, who having ..f-
-g,tld, from the great importance of the subject, that the
opinion of counsel should be had upon the question of the
liability of the City of London to the charges so made in the
precept of the metropolitan board, we directed him to obtain
the opinion of Mr. Browne thereupon, which having been
received and considered, we annex the same hereto for your
information.

We have further to sok that your honourable court
should authorise us to communicate with the Kotzopolitata

Board of Work@ upon the_tioestione at issue.
(Signed) "W. A. l'ascoce and mix others."
The opinion of conned, • lengthy document, is to the
effect that the metropolitan board Mice no right to raise the
nun of money they demanded (upwards of 5,0001.) from the
City of London.
The court adjourned.

NORTH-WEST LONDON PREVENTIVE 420
REFORMATORY INSTITUTION.

A very numerous gathering of persons interested
in the reformatory movement took place yesterday afternoon,
at the above institution, No. 19, New-road, between Totten-
ham-court-rod and Gower-street, on the occasion of the
delivery of • parting address by the Bishop of London to 10
young men who were about to emigrate, having passed
through the probationary course in • satisfactory meaner.
It may boss well to premise that the institution commenced
la the year 1832 Stith six inmates, and that the following
are the general results of its operations up to the
period' —Loft the institution,9B ; emigrated, 10; este=
in trade, 32 ; in the army lied navy, 20; received by friends,
9; quitted prematurely from dislike of discipline, 13; dis-
missed fur misconduct, 2; at service, 6; r labour muter
at • reformatory, I; drowned, I; died, I; total, 98.
There are now upwards of 80 inmates, besides • numerate'
staff of master workmen in the various trades taught, viz.,
Ceratilt7usealrring, ; and,tirtys,migh.tt be 'exPlieletlintocs this
enumeration, the establiehmeut presents an industrial aspect
of • very gatifs i nit charictcr. It is to be regretted that the
committee are ,rippled in their operations by a debt of 6004
foe raw materials, ste.
The le cue of the farewell address above referred to wee a
large upper mom, forming part of the Reformatory, which,
though very spacious, was filled by the assembly. Besides
the right rev. prelate, there were prevent his Grace the
Archbishop of Canterbury, the Rev. earn Gurney, the
Rev. T. I'. Dak, and other friends of the cause. The ten
emigrants were seated on • hum L at the side of • slightly
raised platform, and in their demeanour they certainly did
credit to the institution.
_

After having offered prayer,
The Bishop of LONDON proceeded to deliver his address,
which was listened to throughout most attentively. He
erewamend by coleerving that it was remarkable how often
in the dispensations of Ood'o providence, even before a man
left this scene of trial and his final state was settled by death
for eternity, circumstance befel him which seemed to put the
Insi stamp on his condition. Then, citing from the book ef
Revelation the words, " He that is =Met let him be un-
just still, and he that is filthy let him be filthy still," he
applied them to the eases of intemperance, hitting with one's
own health, and vicious indulgences generally, and pointed
to their frequent fulfilment at some period of human life.
Turning to the more immediete objects of his addreia,
after congratulating them on the (set that their time
of trial did not appear to have past, he observed
that they were now going away from that place
to en altogether new sphere. During their clay
that they load been under very kind and watchful guidance.
Temptations of course they had all had, but they had not
been altogether their own masters ; the eye of • kind friend
lid been arostiuitly upon them. They were now going forth
Man untried sphere, where they would be exposed to mere
e then they had had in that eitablishinent. They
ril=kmtaught that they could not be safe in their own
strength, and they must now look to their Friend in Heaven
to watch over and sustein them in future. They might
hereafter find themselves in the streets of sense foreign town,
where they would know no person whatsoever, end none
would know trans. Let them then remember, first, that &bi-
nd deeds could not wane detection, because the eye of God
was upon them as that of a judge; and secondly, that
though lonely they were not neglected, bemuse the same eye
was upon them as that of a protector. It would be wrong
for them to think only of rho dangers that were likely to
beset them in their new /There. Let them look also to the
new intercom which would OpPlllllllOll them. What was there to
prevent any of thew from living a long, useful, and h
life or from becoming the happy fathers of families,aPZ
teaching their children the leiwone which, by God's grace,
they had tenant themselves? However happy and pros-
perous might be their future careers, it was not to be ex-
=that they would pies through life without sorrow.
they or those dear to them might experience long end
Ulnae; they might even have a &Welty in obtain-
eriihond, and thus be again hard premed by the
temptations arising from want. It wee aft very well to
think that they were serving God when they had no such
diffirult its a• the to contend with, but the grand point was
to serve Him in the midst of them. Id bins now any a few
words in reference to what was no doubt duple condition of
life of mime of them. Of course they formerly lad a life of care-
;esteem end thoughtleterneas It was impossible for him to tell
whether or not they bad enjoyed the blessing of a good
example on the part of perenta, but probably many of then
had had feelings connected with a father or a mother which
it would be well for them to keep in mind. No doubt their
affections were called out when they were little children •
and, from what he hail seen and beard, he was convinced
that they had also been called out there. Let those erne
affections be called out, then, for Him who loved them with
a love more tender than that of father and mother ; and let
there accustom themselves to think of Him continually in
the lands to which they were going. This could
not be done without regular linbotv of paver. In
whatever society they night be thrown, (et them
every morning and every evening call upon God to keep
them safe fur Chrint's sake. Again, let them sot neglect to
join themselves to the Christian community amongst which
they settled, or to eeek the advice of the enthralled ministers
of Christ's word. Let them not attempt to live by them-
selves, for no man, whatever might be his strength, was
strong enough for that. Aa mrat of them knew from ex-
perience whet danger there was in bad society, so they might
test assured that there was • groat safeguard in pod society.
He had no doubt that when they were far away thoughts of
that scene would recur to their mind,. Lot them then recall
the pewee( fieriptum withwhich he began, end with which
110 would conclude ; let them remember that the time was fee
wreathing when "he that arm holy" would be big
etin," and when Ito that we unholy would mask as
through eternity. God grant that they might all profit by
the imetnestka they had received there, and that when they
wet *where they might be a blessing to others, including
tamer whom their example in pet times had Winds
seaCV:kb short, endeavour, by the inflame* etthalr
MI men." (The right seelemft
Midler prayer.)
her IrMI afterwmir elmig byre mot-
' MO • pm the Primate having the
Samsdkji" terminatee. rtle/ebild
beetjureurg misOide..pv:tteidn.a!efw minute=
tlegeitem te •
MVO IPSOYM•opP, being followed thllher
NlanylliCPet the illbmet manufacturing preeemeett
imam

NAVAL AND MILITARY.

WAR-Ornon, APRIL 7.—Military Train—Colonel
William M. 8. M`Mardo, from Director-Gmentl oldie Lend
Tranaport Corp, to be colonel-eommandant—Gazette.

ADMMALTT, APRIL 7.—APPOINTMENTS.—Com•
Mandel,. C. E. H. Vernon
.(18.5.5), to the Cordelie, 11, eerew
steam stoop, at Devonport , and T. Ger (1868), to the Coast
Chard.
Surgeon Dr. W. T. Wood, M.D. (1846), to the liasthlgge
60, sere. mi.-AA,' at Portsmouth.
Assistant-Bergson Dr. T. P. Coghlea, M.D. (1853), to the
HumUnge
Mr. lA'. Partridge and Mr. W. T. Greet have been nomi-
nated as masters' amietants.

CHATHAM, Arnn. 7.
A new 91-gun screw steamer, to be called the
Atl••, i4sezpoesd to b• laid down ai this yard. She wal be
proy~,o•ed
and is to be of the mune mneeaeums as the
;lanolin, 91, just launched.

PorremoUTlL A!nrc 7.

The Euryalus, 51, screw frigate, Coptrin Itarasey,
arrived last rued at Spithead from the West Indian stars,
to be paid off. She is ordered to Plymouth for WM purpose.
The Mine, 3 steam vessel, Commander Roe, arrived al
Brodhead this afternoon from the West Coast of Africa station.
The Transit, screw troop !ship, Commander E. Chambers,
went out of harbour to-day and anchored at Spethead to
tak• 4frvawder sad shell. She moiled this efternoon for
Hong Xotig with the troops she had embarked youtonlay.
The Dee, steamer, sailed last night for the mutual,' with