The Express.
London, England, 1868-10-15 00:00:00

MR. GLADSTONE AT LIVERPOOL.

IinMPOOL, WicowanaY.

This evening Mr. Gladstone and Mr. Gran&ll,
the liberal candidates for the representation of the south-
wstern division of Lanceshire, attended a crowded 11110 -
ing of the electors in the Amphitheatre ; Mr. T. D.
HOMY presided, and there were also present—the Bight
Hon. W. N. Mussy and Mr. W. Rathbone, the liberal
candidates for Liverpool; Captain fikerrard Osborn, the
liberal candidate for Birkenhead ; Mr. H. Y. Thompson,
one of the liberal candidates for South-East Lanaashire ;
Mr. G. Melly, M.P., and Colonel Roden, the liberal can-
didates for Stoke-upon-Treat; the Hon. Captain Moly-
wax, Mr. Robertson Gladstone, &a

t; The Caarestaz briefly opened the proceedings, after
which Mr. Graded addressed the misting.

Gianeroim, on rising, was received with load and
asitiaeons cheering. He proceeded to deal chiefly with
Met history of the reform question during the present
parlisme nt. The right how gentleman minutely criticised
,the details of the conservative Reform Bill of 1867; and
in commenting upon the treadonnatiao which had been
mad* in its provisions, he exceseeed his conviction that
although the question had reached a position which in-
volved a greet popular triumph, it was not to be regarded as
me of which we had completely taken leave. The memos
originally produced by the Derby government was really
one of retrogression, and all its provisions save
one, manly, the pommel payment of rates,
wen struck out. Nothing now remained of the
identity of the bill, and as to this, it he should
be a member of the new parliament among the meanies
which he should deem sweetie' would be the relief of the
aserly-enfrane.hisied class from this most needless and
vexatious provision. Referring to the question of the
state of Ireland, Mr. Gladstone proceeded to quote from
a work by Mr. Maguire to show the elements of the strength
of Fenianiam in America, and from a speech of the late
Mr. Darcy Wiles calling on the statesmen of Gnat
Britain to settle generously the social and soolesiestical
I condition of Ireland on terms to satisfy the majority of
the people. The right hon. gentleman, alluding to
the Irish church, went on to say he was deeply
convinced of the necessity of putting a stop to
the system of a State establishment in Ireland.
He continued :—But, on the other hand, in
doing that, over and above the declaration that the life
interests are to be respected, and that promietory rights
are not to be invaded, I say it is a dictate alike of wis-
dom and of generosity that, keeping our end
steadily in view, and never failing to march
before it, we shall adopt the utmost possible
measure of mildness in the means. Everything that equity
and that reasonable indulgence could suggest without
being inconsistent with the end in view, and that did not
impair the efficacy of the measure, should, in my opinion,
be favourably entertained. (Cheers.) That I may show
what I mean, I will just refer to two points in which I
know great interest baa been felt. I can give no
guarantee as to what will be the ultimate judg-
ment of parliament ; but I may express my
opinion on those points. In the first place, there are in
the established church of Ireland a certain number of en-
downients which have been given by private persons,
which have become public and national property, but
which, nevertheless, were given by members of
the church of Ireland for the purposes of the church of
Ireland; just sea Wesleyan methodist might, if bethought
fit, give his money for the purposes of Wesleyan methodism.
My opinion is that thole, endowments, though technically
they may have become portions you may say of the public
and national property, ought to be carefully respected. In
the same way a question arose with respect to the churches
that are now possessed and used by the ministers and
members of the Irish establishment, and to the parsonages
which the clergy inhabit. My opinion, gentlemen. is, that
the feeling of this country, apart from logic, never would
endure that if those clergy and laity are disposed to con-
tinue the use of those parsonages and churches for public
worship—never would endure that they should be taken
away from them. I give these as samples. I must add
one important illustration more, and that is, whatever
principles of equity or tenderness you may think it
wise to employ in winding up, if I may so speak, the
affairs of the established church of Ireland. you mint
apply those same principles of equity and tenderness to the
other religious endowments of the country, in so far as
from their scope and circumstances they come ,within the
range of the principle. I have heard of some who think
that vested rights are very sacred things if they are
found within the limits of the establishment, but not so
very sacred if they are found within the limits of the
Roman catholic College of Maynooth. If there are persons
here who hold that opinion I must respectfully differ from
them. One and the same rule of equity and liberality
must be applied to the whole ; forgive me if the word
"must" has escaped from my mouth—l meant " ought"
to be in my opinion applied to the whole. But you will
naturally say there is more than this. After we
have satisfied every fair and equitable claim there
will be a residue of the ecclesiastical property of
Ireland, a residue possibly reaching to a very
considerable amount ; what are we to do with that ? I
will state it to you, gentlemen, in another form. In my
opinion that question cannot be conclusively answered by
any one but those who shall be responsible ministers of
the crown, and shall have an opportunity of examining'all
the facts that bear upon the answer. But while I say
that, I likewise add that the funds which shall have been
taken from the church now established in Ireland—l mean
thereeidue of funds after satisfying every just claim upon
them—ought not to be applied to the teaching
of religion in any other form whatever. (Cheers.)
It will be our duty, should you return us to parliament—
when I say us, you will forgive me for saying that I have
in my mind and in my eye, several others gathered upon
this platform besides Mr. Grenfell—those who are solicit-
ing the suffrages of this great borough, the gallant ofßeer
who has been to contest Birkenhead—(cheers)—my friend
Mr. Thompson, wbo is fighting one side of this county,
towards the rising sun, that same battle which we are
fighting who look the setting sun in the face ; and last,
but not least, two other gentlemen, one of them a re-
spected inhabitant of this town, who are performing the
same patriotic work in a great midland borough.
But I earnestly hope, gentlemen, that the goodly
company that I have endeavoured to describe and
that is now gathered together in perfect harmony
upon this platform, will not be dissociated one from the
other by any accident on the hustings or the polling
booth—(cheers)—but that we shall be found sitting upon
the same benches, or upon benches very close together
(cheers)—for the purpose of setting forward that grout
work, one portion of which I have endeavoured
to bring under your view. (A Votes—" And your
son," and cheers.) I am much obliged to my
friend in that quarter (pointing to the gallery)
for reminding me that I have a very near and close
paternal, as well as public interest, iu another election.
likewise towards the riling sun on the other side of this
county ; and I am very glad to think that there is any-
one within these walls to whom the return of my son to
parliament is a matter of interest. (Cheers.) Gentlemen,
there are a number of points connected with this question
which I trust you will not think I have forgotten merely
because I might have failed to notice them on
the present occasion. What I am desirous most of all
to do is to bring into the public view the broad facts con-
nected with the state of Ireland. (Hear, hear.) The
first business of the public men and the first business of
the electors of a free country id to bind together the
whole of the country in harmony and concord. (Hear.)
That business baa not yet been effected, so far as Ireland
is concerned. We call upon you, gentlemen, to give us
the means, and to put us in the place where we may use
our utmost endeavours to effect it. (Cheers.) It
is not enough to revile us as enemies of
the constitution in church and state, and foes
of protestantism in disguise ; these are matters
on which we are perfectly willing to enter in argument.
We think we are the best friends of the constitution. We
think that those are the best friends of proteatentism
who wish that it should have justice and no more;
and as to the constitution, when we are told that
we are going to ruin it, let no bear in mind how
many times it has been ruined and destroyed before.
(Laughter.) It was destroyed—l will only take

what has happened within my own recol-
lection—it was destroyed in 1828 by the
repeal of the Corporation and Test Lets. It
was destroyed again in 1829 by the admiedon of the
Boman Whelks to pediment. It was destroyed • third
thus by the Adam Act of 11122. It was destroyed the
fourth time by the Repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846. It
Tres destroyed a fifth time by the repeal of the Navigation
Laws in 1849. It was destroyed, gentlemen, if my
memory does not fail me—but really it is difficult to re-
member, so many lives Lam thie &institution
had and so sad ha. been its fate —it was
destroyed a seventh time, when the Jews were admitted
within the walls of parliament—(load cheers)—arid it was
destroyed an eighth time when the government of Lord
Rumen had the incredible audacity to propose a Reform
Brill to parliament, with the intention of carrying it,
or of dying in the attempt ; and therefore, gentlemen, this
being so, it appears that our constitution resembles
that animal which is said to have nine lives
—(laughter)--but with this fortunate clistinc-
tion—wherais the cat, each time that :it loses
one of its lives, gets a step nearer to dissolution—
our constitution, on the other hand, each time that it is
destroyed, comes forth more vigorous than ever from the
promo, and promises to us all, with wee end more of
hope and joy, the expectation of handing it down as a
blaming to oar children. (Chem) Gentlemen, we ask you
for your help in the efforts that we are to make ; we ask
you in the name of the constitution not lees than
in the sacred name of Judi*. We ask you to listen
to the voice alike of policy and of prudence, and of
generosity and of equity. Listen to that voice which has
come to us from across the Atlantic, and give us your
strong help to drive oar feeble arms, and enable us to go
fearlessly forward in the career of truth and Judie..

The right bon. gentleman resumed his seat amidst
great cheering, having spoken for an hour and three-
quarters.
A vote of confidence in the two candidates wu subse-
quently adopted.

PROPOSED VISIT OF MIL JOHN BRIGHT, M.P.,
To Entiraraimr.—lt is expected that Mr. John Bright,
M.P., will be able to visit Edinburgh on an early day, to
he presented with the freedom of the city, which the
town council on Tuesday resolved to confer upon him,
in recognition of his distinguished position as an orator
and a statesman, and especially of his brilliant and suc-
cessful services in the promotion of free trade. The cere-
mony of presenting the burgle' ticket to Mr. Bright will
take place in the Music-hall • but we understand that Mr.
Bright has consented to address a public meeting of the
citizens in the evening, and that the Circus in the Lothian.
road has already been engaged for the meeting.—
Satanism.

MEETING OF TRADES' lINIONISTB.—Iost night
a representative meeting of the trade societies of the
metropolis was held at the Bell Inn, Old Bailey, for the
purpose of adopting such measures and taking such
action as may secure the passing of a bill which will place
trade societies on a footing of social equality with other
associated bodies. The circular calling the meeting stated
that it had become necessary "by reason of the insecure
position in which the recent conflicting decisions of judges
have placed trade societies." A large number of trades
were represented at the meeting. The chair was taken
by Mr. Spelling, of the Vellum Binders' Society. Among
thew, present were Professor Beasley, Mr. Lloyd
Jones, Mr. Crompton (barrister), Ac. Mr. Gado
(ironfoundeni society), moved the first resolution.
"That this meeting, composed of representatives of
various societies in the metropolis, having fully considered
the hill which has been prepared , for the pe of oh.
taming legal protection for the funds of trade societies,
and which was brought before parliament by Sir
Fowell Buxton, is opinion that it is sufficient
for every legitimate purpose, and should receive
the support of every well-meaning member of the
House of Commons." Mr. W. Allen (engineers'
society) seconded the resolution, which was spoken to by
Mr. Applegarth (c(carpenters'socaety) and Mr. George
Potter (joiners' society). Mr. Lloyd Jones and Profess:ie.
Beasley 11k0 took part in the long discussion which took
place. Mr. Odger suggested that the meeting should be
adjourned; that the bill should be improved if possible,
but not abandoned. The consideration of the question
was then adjourned.
GLASGOW AND ABERDEEN UNIVERSITIES.—The
following has been given as the Glasgow University re-
gister:—On register previous to passing of the Beforn
Act, 848; added since, M.A.'s, 334; M.D,'s, &c., 4;0;
students who attended four years prior to 1851, 551 ;
from commissioner's roll , 157 ; total constituency. 2,384.1.
There is no foundation fur the rumour that Mr. bionereiff
is looking elsewhere for • scat in parliament; on the con-
trary, his committee feel certain of his being returned.
BrTCTIERB' CHARITABLE INSITTITTION.— The
fortieth anniversary dinner of the members and subscri-
bers to this institution was given at the London Tavern
yesterday. Mr. B. Venables, of Newgate-market, pre-
sided, supported by Alderman Sir B. Phillips, Mr. C. J.
Jenkinson, Master of the Worshipful Compauy of
Butchers; Mr. Bannister, Deputy-master and Treasurer
of this institution ; Mr. F. Prentice, Mr. F. Co:. Mr. S.
Hill, &c. The company, which numbered more than
two hundred, comprised the leading members of
the trade. From the annual report it appeared
that the income of the society during the past year was
upwards of 2,5001., of which 1,4041/. was from subscrip-
tions, 870 f. from donations, and the remainder from divi-
dends of stock invested, and that there are 102 pensinn'rs
ou the fund at the present time, of whom 42 are males
and CA arc females. The chairman made a feeling and
urgent appeal to the company to give their support to the
institution, and he was ably seconded by Sir R. Bhillips,
who said the institution might proudly and honourably
vie with other institutions of a kindred character iu the
metropolis. The list of subscriptions announced in the
course of the evening amounted to upwards of 0001., in-
cluding 62/. 10s. from the chairman.

DEATH FROM DESTITUTION.—Yesterday, Mr.
Humphreys. coroner, held an inquest at the Fountain
Tavern, Baldwin-street, St. Luke's, respecting the death
of Mary Ann Crawley, aged 30 years, who died from star-
vation. The deceased was a needlewoman. On last
Saturday morning a police-constable found her dying on
a doorstep in Oolden-lane, St. Luke's. She said that she
was destitute and ill ; that she bad been out of work for a.
long time, and that she had no home. She had applied
for a bed at a common lodging-house, but she was told
that unless she had 4d. she could not get one. She then
wandered about the streets. Some person gave her 3id.,
but the lodging-house people refused to take less than
4d. She then sat down on the door-step where she was
found by the policeman. He removed her to the station-
houre, where Dr. Yarrow saw her, and he ordered her
instant removal to the workhouse. On Sunday she died
in it. Dr. Yarrow said that her death was caused by in-
flammation of the lungs, brought on by want of food and
exposure to the cold. She was very emaciated. The jury
returned a verdict of "Death from want of food and ex-
posure to the cold."
STRANOIC 00CURRILVCF.8 ON THE UNDERGROUND
RLILWAY.—At the Portland-road station last evening, as
the 4.46 train from Hammersmith was leaving it, • young
man who was under the influence of liquor rushed at •
third class carriage door and opened it. He was pulled
along the platform, and before be could let go his hold he
was dragged into the tunnel. As the train was passing
along the porters on the platform signalled to the driver
to stop, which ho did. The man was then found lyiug
between the carriages and the wall of the tunnel. He
had received only slight injuries. When the 6.38 train
from Hammersmith was entering the Eilgware-roed sta-
tion, a man who had been quietly seated on the platform
suddenly jumped up and leaped iu front of the engine.
His limbs were frightfully crushed. Ho was removed to
the hospital. There is no doubt that it was his intention
to commit suicide when be leaped in front of the train.
COMMITTAL OF PR IZEFIO I ITERS AT NOTT ING lt AM.
—At the Shiro-hall, Nottingham, yesterday, two men,
named James M.Nare,, and John, alias " homy,' Flint,
were brought before the sitting magistrates, charged with
being engaged in a prizefight on Monday morning. From
the evidence adduced it appeared that early in the morn-
ing of the 6th inst. the pneuners were seen fighting in a
lonely Place mar Thorney-wood-lane, about two miles
from Nottingham, by two police-officers. Upon awing
the policemen, prisoners, with their supporters, de-
camped, and some time afterwards were diseovered fight-
ing in another locality. This time the officers succeeded
in capturing IPNaru, after some resistance, and Flint was
apprehended in Nottingham shortly afterwards. The
depoeitiona having been road over, the bench committed
them for trial.

SOUTIIAMPTON, OCT. 14.—The Peninsular and
Oriental Company's steamer Ceylon, Captain Evans,
with the heavy portion of the Bombay mails, arrived
this evening with 29 passengers, 13 packages specie,
value 4,234 f., and a general cargo. 11. M., s ships
Hibernia, Cruiser, Antelope, and the Prussian frigate
Dolphin were at Alexandria.

OIBRALTAR, OCT. 10.-1114.'8 ships Pallets and
Bristol are in the harbour.
CRYSTAL PALAU& ONI 8811=40 DAL--
WM*IEI4AT, Ocr. 14.—Admissions b swoon Babas,
1,686 ; ditto on payment, I,uw9 ; total Waken 3,214.

Mumma and 00., Belfast, are the largest
beldam of Whisky la the owl& lakir 0111
sandal W the profamloa andoroada io
LorzaSupplied la nab sad oarakamor boarivrimio
g= to art IR •

THE OCTOBER METEOR-SYSTEM.

The great meteor which was seen from mans
parts of England on the night of October 7 appear*
to have fallen to the ground in France. The
accounts which have been received are not suf-
ficiently definite to enable mathematicians to
assign the actual path of the meteor through the
atmosphere. It n well that persons who ()heave
phenomena of this sort should be aware that the
mere statement that a meteor appeared towards
such and such a point of the compass, and travelled
in such and such a direction, is practically useless
to those who are desirous of computing the real
path of the object. The only sort of statement which
has any practical value is one which mentions the
apparent path of the meteor among the fixed dam. ,
Unfortunately a knowledge of the names of the
principal fixed stars, though very easily acquired, t
is a comparatively rare accomplishment. Hence it
is that although many meteors have been observed
during the last few years, we do not remember
more than one instance in which the path of the
meteor, as seen from different places, has been
recorded with sufficient exactitude to enable
mathematicians to assign the real path of the
meteor through the upper regions of our atmo-
sphere. We refer to the meteor of April 29, 1866,
which was observed simultaneously by Mr. Baran-
dell at Manchester, and by Mr. Wood at Weston-
super-Mare. From the careful accounts of these
two practised observers Mr. Alex. Herschel
was enabled to ascertain the following interesting
facto respecting this meteor :—First, the meteor
appeared, when at a height of fifty-two miles, ver-
tically over the town of Lichfield ; secondly, it
disappeared when at a height of thirty-seven miles
over Oxford; thirdly, it travelled at the rate of
about twenty miles per second.
We are particular in calling attention to the
necessity of carefully recording the apparent paths
of these bodies, because the present month is one
in which large meteors may be expected. There
is a tolerably regular recurrence of star-falls each
year between the 15th and the 23rd of October. From
these dates it will be seen that the meteor of Oc-
tober 7 wasnot a regular member of the October and
meteor-system. But it is a noteworthy circum-
stance that many of the most remarkable meteors
have appeared a day or two before or a day or two
after the recognised dates of shooting-star dis-
plays. For example, there is a shower usually on
April 9-10, and two of the asteroids which have
fallen in England came in the first week in April,
and in 1800 a mass of iron 70 cubic feet in volume
fell in America on April 5. We may also perhaps
associate with the same shooting-star system the
shower of sand which fell for fifteen hours into the
Atlantic on April 6, 1719. Again, following the
date of the shooting-star system, we have the great
meteor referred to above, and the remarkable aste-
roid which burst over L'Aigle, in Normandy, on
April 26, 1803. In a similar manner the shooting-
star system of November 13-14 seems to be connected
with the great meteors which have been known to
fall on November 10-12. Of the 20 aerolitee which
have fallen in the British Isles, no less than four
fell on August 4-9 ; and our readers will scarcely
need to be reminded that the date assigned to the
celebrated August shooting-stars (the " tears of
St. Lawrence," as they used to be called) is
August 10-11:.

The star-fall of October 15-23 is likely to in-
elude many conspicuous meteors, and those who
have the time would do a useful service to
meteoric astronomy by watching for these objects,
and carefully recording their paths on the
celestial sphere. In general it is only necessary to
note the place of appearance, the place of dis-
appearance, and the time of flight ; but, of course,
if the meteor pursue a contorted path, as occasion-
ally happens, an attempt should be made to re-
cord the nature of its movements more exactly.
The observer should at least know the leading
stars (not necessarily by their names or letters),
and he will be all the better able to describe the
exact path of the meteor if he knows the smaller
stars—say down to the third or fourth magnitude.
If two observers, at a sufficient distance from each
other, describe in this way the apparent path of a
meteor, it becomes merely a quemtion of calcula-
tion to determine its true path.
The opinion is very commonly entertained that,
except the meteors which are actually seen
to reach the ground, all meteoric bodies pass
out of our atmosphere after penetrating a certain
distance within it. We have noticed, even in
works by eminent astronomers, the assertion that
meteors become visible through the heat generated
as they graze the confines of our atmosphere.
But, in reality, very few of the meteors which
make their appearance in the upper regions of the
air ever pass away again into the interplanetary
spaces. Of course it is possible that a meteor may
encounter our atmosphere in such a direction as to
pass through a portion of the upper regions of air,
and so out into space. But if we picture to our-
e:4ves the earth sweeping onward through
space, and encountering in its flight numbers of
the minute bodies which as we now know tenant
the interplanetary regions, and if we remember
that the earth's atmospheric envelope is very thin
in comparison with the dimensions of the terres-
trial globe, we shall see at once that by far the
larger number of the bodies she encounters must
penetrate her atmosphere in a direction which
would bring them actually to her surface. And
that this is so is evidenced in another way. It has
been shown by several series of careful observa-
tions that meteors and shooting stars appear when
at a vertical height exceeding by some twenty
miles that which they have at the moment of dis-
appearance. We see then that the visible part of
their course has brought them through a depth
of twenty miles of the earth's atmospheric envelope,
and though this might happen in the case of
grazing contact yet it is very clear that in that
event we ought to see the meteor until it had
passed to the same height from the earth as it had
at the moment of first appearance. And, further,
it has been proved to demonstration that the
actual paths followed by the shooting stars which
appeared so freely on the morning of November
14, 1866, were such as should have brought these
objects into contact with the earth.
It may be asked, then, what becomes of these
bodies L The answer supplies a beautiful instance
of the adaptation of our atmosphere to sub-
serve a vanety of purposes other than thoao
which we are in the habit of assigning
to it. The meteors and shooting stars which
are continually pounding away at the earth from
out the interplanetary spaces are dissipated by our
atmosphere before they can penetrate to the sur-
face of the earth. None but the heaviest and
largest asteroids ever succeed in reaching the
earth in a solid form, and even these usually burst
into fragments while still at a great distance from
us. All the rest are first ignited in the upper
regions of air, then thoroughly consumed in their
'outage through the next layers ; and lastly, they
fall to the earth's surface in the form of an impal-
pable powder. We believe that Dr. Reiehenbach
was the first to point out that this
powder may be detected. Ile collected
dust from the top of a high mountain,
which had never been touched by spade or pick-
axe ; and he found this dust to consist of the ve
elements which compose meteoric atonee--e • t 7
cobalt, iron, phosphorus, dm Dr. Pbi- -oaks%
notes that, " when a glass, covered wi'• dnion also
cerine, is exposed to a strong vie A• Pule CY-
vemo..ber, it receives a certain no-
.particles
which can Amber of black an-
ETeiToehlorie acid, andyr Ai dissolved in strong
iron
upon the gum _
.oduce yellow chloride of
Pinto."

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