The Express.
London, England, 1868-11-26 00:00:00

ONE PENNY.

i 4 iCA.

• NEW YORK. Nov. 7.
The Southern fitates are, as far as one can judge
from the utterances of the few papers which have
as yet remised us, • their fresh defeat at
the election with aacto iy good gine.... The
Richmond/ Aspire, anodes itself withthe redaction
that I"rovicknes cannot have intended SQ fine a
state aa Virgil is to be for ever " the prey of un-
principled adventurers." and thinks, therefore,
that aa long as the forma of republican govern-
ment are kept upthere will be a chance for the
bowl riri to work out their own salvation until the
the whole countrfis" caught up in the tide of the
coming mutation.," This .." owning .revocation "
is one of the things " the true Sowthron" looks for
with as much fat di as the Jews for the restoration,
' or the Milienites for the millennium. He has the
old Austrian inability to see bow such a state of
things se exists at the North can last. Before the
war he believed firmly in the Calhoun theory, that
it would all end in the seduction of the labouring
population to slivery, and the government of the
country by &large committee of wealthy merchants
and planters—or perhaps I should rather say, of
planters only. This dream was dissipated by the
fall of Richmond. So be looks now for a
general riling at the North of every man
against hi sigiboor, with the pleasing swamps-
tannest. of rape and arson, the confusion to be
ended and order motored by the intervention of a
iarres-tboc,ly of Southern soldiers, commended by
• -toned statesman." How long this dream
Will ' it is impossible, of warm, to say, but it
is to be hoped not long. As long as Southern
brains are filled with these crams we shall never
see Southern men engaged in adapting themselves,
their habits, or their industry to the new order of
things. Mr. John Quincy Adams has been doing
them good service, I am sure, by his speech and
letter. They are the first words of soberness and
truth they have heard from democratic lips at the
North for many a long day. He resolved, but not
in time to accept it, before leaving the South, an
invitation to deliver an address st Macon, Georgia,
also. To this he has replied in a letter containing
wholesome counsel, such as the following:
Chatham, your case is not one which admits of lulling
strains or intoxicating melodies to soothe your pains or
obliterate your Emmons. ; and those who seek to liirdeo:Lcou
always backward to the dread past, or oast a 'vs
glamour over your stem future, are aot, as I think, ng
the beet service possible fee the South. Your position
materially and politically Is, to my thinking, to the lad
degree serious, and no holiday teatime or deceptive amour-
mesa of a premature good isig can help your hard
are. You must try frankly and cheerfully to meet like
men the fate you dared like men to invoke. If our people
cannot suddenly renew their shattered madame, or dare
not grasp your stretched-out hand, why take it coldly a
part of your penalty, and • set yourselves to extort
a fresh faith, and compel as gram sheer admiration
of your pluck, to peep your hand unobserved.
You want but little patios, as I talus it, but you
do need every man of you to bend his every mew
to build up your waste places, restore your languishing
induct , renew your decayed trade, replenah your ex-
hausted capital, educate and elevate the poor, ignorant,
and degraded within your hoiden, and alfrue all to lame
no device untried to reconcile and adjust your people to
the new era. I do not mean by that the era of Bacon-
itruction, for I do not believe that such ipeepostmons
and topsy-turvy contrivance can stand. Yet, ems for
that, I would urge toleration until it peaully topples
over. What I do mean is the era which is coming, and
must:tasie,whether you like it or not, when the American
people shall become homogeneous and animated by one
spirit, which shall pervade South as well as North, End,
and West alike, the spirit of one progressive and produc-
tive, peaceful and free, Chri.taaa nationality. All the
men who feel as you do at the South should spare no effort
to hasten the day when we can own more resume the old
touch of the shoulder, and dime up the ranks for the
peat march.
I have before me the Pall Mall Gazette of
Oct. 22, in which I find a long letter professing
to contain " the story of the political position
in America, " which, the editor says, is the pro-
duct of an impartial mind. The story, as the
writer tells it, is certainly a great deal more accu-
rate than Mr. Trollope's; and there is on the
whole only one abjection to be taken to it, hut
that is a very serious one. It passes over without
one word of mention, or allusion, the moat im-
portant incident in the history of reconstruction—
namely, the legislation of the various Southern
States with regard to the blacks in the winter of
1866-66. Most of this legislation was atrocious in
its character, and bad for its avowed object—
to INC the language of the Governor of Mississippi
—" to keep the blacks under." It placed them
completely at the mercy of the planters, by
making them incapable of holding land, by treat-
ing failure to procure employment under " a
master" for the space of one mouth as vagrancy,
punishable with imprisonment and hard labour,
by wholly excluding them from various industrial
occupations, including the more respectable handi-
crafts, and by taking from parents the control of
their children, under a system of State apprentice-
ship. Now, I affirm most positively that it was
this legislation which first roused Northern
feeling against Mr. Johnson's plan of re-
construction, which was substantially Mr. Lin-
coln's, and which forced Congress to take the
matter into its own hands, and gave the ex-
treme radicals the ascendancy which they pre-
served down to the Chicago Convention. The way
in which this incident is carefully passed over by
all Southern writers and the English partisans of
the South in their disquisitions on reconstruction,
is disingenuous and discreditable. You might as
well, in treating of the causes of the Revolution of
1640, make no mention of Charles's attempt to
seize the five members ; the incident, which
though in itself trifling, Hallam describes as " ren-
dering the King's affairs irretrievable by anything
short of civil war, and placing all reconciliation at
an insuperable distance." It was this black coda
which completely destroyed all Northern confi-
dence in the South, and gave the " conquered
territory " theory complete control of the =bee-
quent legislation.
Other Southern papers, and a good many demo-
cratic ones at the North, are trying to console
themselves with the reflection that Grant is after
all not a radical; that he is conservative in his
character and antecedents, and that under his lead
the republican party will " slough off" the radical
members. Of course there can be no harm in their
consoling themselves in any way they find effica-
cious, but what is certain about Grant is that
he will see that the laws, as they stand
on the statute book, are rigidly executed, and that
" carpetbaggers," " scallawags," and " nigger,"
at the South are protected in the exercise of their
constitutional rights, and in tho enjoyment of
their lives and property, and it is the radical
legislation, after all, and not the composition of
the radical party, which the democrats find so
obnoxious. As long as that stands, it is difficult
to see what difference it makes to them what
Grant's temper or antecedents may be, except as
regards future legislation. But of future legisla-
tion of a very violent character there is not much
danger. The democrats have won more than a
third of the house, having gained about a dozen
members at the late election, and this will give
the more moderate members of the republican
party an amount of weight and influence which
they have not enjoyed in the last two Congresses,
and will render a renewed attempt to impeach
Johnson, for instance, which Butler has been
threatening in a speech at Lowell, impossible. I
have very little doubt, however, that the present
cordiality between Grant and the extreme radicals
will not last very long ; they accepted him only
as a pis oiler, and, as I have often told roll
do not like him. They are overborne and
silent for the present by the exigencies of
crisis, and the strength of the popular tide,
but after the inauguration of the new administra-
tion, Le is pretty we not to come up to their
ideal ; and I think it is allowing a very large

margin to say that their Wearies will open on
him about a year frees this date. The point on
which he and they WI most probably oome in
collision will be the fluidity of the reconstruction
measures. The measures are of course not work-
ing perfectly satiadaaterny to either party. The
negroes continue to suffer under them a certain
amount of wrong, as indeed they must under any
legislation, however stringent; and there will be
in Congress , a body of the Thaddeus' Stevens
school, who will refuse to leave the amelioration
of their lot to time and education, and will insist
on more legislation for their benefit—or, in other
words, on treating the Southern States as still
conquered territory, and not as members of the
Federal Union. Some slight indications of what
is coming appeared in the deli-slavery Steadied,
Mr. Wendell Phillips's organ, the other day. It
is a paper of very small circulation, and no in- ,
fluent* whatever, but it contains now and then,
in an extreme and violent form, ideas which more
practicalpoliticians of the same school bring to light
at a later period. z The article to which I refer
calls for the amendment of the Recoiastruction
Acts, and the " perfecting of them in sundry par-
ticulars," and for " the consideration of the ques-
tion of confiscation in the interest of the bindle',
blacks, to whom, by virtue of their past unrequited
toil, the soil rightfully belongs." Nothing prac-
tical will come of these suggestiome-ihr-thie
shape, but they will doubtless be heard of in
Congress in due time, and cause some dissension,
and probably end in abuse of Grant. The sameartieleaho—but thisitime fortheestab-
lishaient of a system of national education by Con-
gress, and for an amendment to the constitution,
" forbidding disfranchisement, or proscription
from official trust on account of race or colour, in
any State or territory." The negro never will get
fair play at the South as long as the Northern
States subject him to political disabilities on ac-
count of his ocdour, and the only way to put an
end to this is an amendment to the constitution.
In the arrangement of the cabinet, too, Grant wall
probably find that the moderates and radicals
differ widely as to the meaning of the election,
each party maintaining that it is a popular
confirmation of its principles and policy ;
so that he is pretty sure to give offence in some
quarter. He continues to show his dignity and
good sense, by refusing to permit the uproarious
demonstrations of rejoicing over the election in
his presence. The Washington " Boys in Blue "
wanted to receive him on his return from the West
with a monster " procession," and the usual
accompaniments, but he declined flatly, and goes
bark in the most quiet and private manner pos-
sible. His conduct all through has formed a
striking and pleasing contrast to Mr. Seymour'e,
who wound up his candidateship by a gross viola-
tion of the established political proprieties, in going
about " stumping" in his own behalf. This I
believe, is something which no Presidential candi-
date has ever done before. The custom has always
been for both candidates to pass the " campaign"
period in silence and retirement, the public rightly
feeling that there would be something indecent in
the spectacle of two aspirants to such a high
office traversing the country and denouncing each
other from village to village. Mr. Seymour has
been the first to set the rule at naught, probably
under the influence of bad advisers, by whom ho
seems to Le lamentably easily influenced.
The election frauds in this State have been so
shameless, and on such a tremendous scale, that
the leading republicans feel themselves bound to
forovr the matter up. The issue of fraudulent
certificates of naturalization can be stopped effec-
tually, by an act of Congress withdrawing tho
power of issuing them from the State courts ; bat
the provision of more effectual means of prevent-
ing " repeating "—that is, the casting of several
votes by the same person at different polling
places—is a more difficult matter ; and so is the
rovii.ion (•f better means of preventing the per-
sonation of voters on the day of election. The
rnie n League Club of this city has taken the
matt. r up, but I am afraid they won't accomplish

MOTAI COMMISSION ON PRIMARY EDECATION
(12Luenn).—The royal commission on primary education
resumed their sittings on Tuesday. 24th inst., at the offices
of the C 0111011.6011. 46, I.7pper Sackaile-street, Dublin.
There were present—The Earl of Duniaven. the Bishop
of Meath, Lord Clonbrock, Sir R. Kane, Matter Brooke,
Rev. Dr. Wilson, Rev. It H. Cowie, Mr. Dome, Mr.
Gitron. Mr. Stokes, and Professor Sullivan. The secre-
taries, Mears. May and Dunne, were in attendance.
SACRED HARMONIC SOCIETY, EXETER-HALL.—
Handel* • bred in Egypt will bu peacnneel under the
direction of Mr. CCM* to-morose(Friday) evening, by
opec,al desire of their Royal Highnea es the Crown Prince
and Lrincers of Prussia. The performance will commence
at half-post 7 o'clock.
TILE NATIONAL CHORAL SOCIETY.—This society.
connoting of nearly COO of the most efficient choralisto of
I oxdon. announces the opening of its ninth season on
Wednesday next, with a performance, for the lint time in
Freter-ball, of Dr. Steradale Lteimett's new cantata,
'• The Woman of Samaria ;' in addition to which, Men-
del. ohn's cantata, •• The First Walpurgis Night," will be
peifoimed, and also a selection from Handers Atria Mid
Galatea. The band and chorus will number nearly 700
rer4comers. Mr. G. W. Martin, the founder of the society,
will occupy his usual place as conductor.
The National Lifeboat Institution has just for-
warded to Milford Haven a fine new lifeboat, which has
been presented to it by Mr. 'Mull Salt, jun., of Bradford.
The boat is named the Katherine. It is to be publicly
launched at Milford on Saturday neat.
FIRE AT NORTH WOOLWICIL —A fire broke out
last evening in the pile of premiL4es belonging to Mr.
lawns, manufacturer of patent leather-cloth, at North
Woolwich, and was not mtinguithed until considemble
damage bad been mused.
GREAT FIRE IN DETONSHIRE.—Ono of the
largest fires known in Devon for years past occurred at
INvertca on Tussdatreunid:ht. The Palmeaston Hotel and
the extensive ion ement works of Messrs. Hawker.
Spencer, and Co. • other houses, were completely
destroyed. Three of the Exeter Are engines were de-
spate-bed to waist in patting out the conflagration, but
before they bad reached the town the fire had done its
work. The loss is several thousand pounds. One-half of
Bampton-sheet was burnt down.

Till GRAND ELIATOR.—Mr. Murphy hae done
his week, and is expectant of hie reward. His friends
are putting forward, in that " truly protestant paper" the
Bock on which they would seen to build their hopes, the
clainis of the labourer to his hire. Colonel Brockman,
who is the president of a " Protestant Electoral Union,
ke."—whatever the " /cc." may sasan—declares that the
success of the conservatives in Lancashire, and specially
in Manchester, is due in no inconsiderable dresi to
Murphre influence. We believe it. Mr. Murphy has
been quite as great a power as Lord Derby. In sot, when
the constitutionalists, alias the conservatives, Mies the
protectionists, alias the tones, need • new name, and wish
for • truthful one, they should christen themselves Mur-
Dhyites. Mr. Murphy is their real leader, and Mr.
israeli ought to offer him a scat in tho cabinet.
He would be • powerful coadjutor of Mr. Gedhorne
Hardy and the no-surrender party in the cabinet. Lord
Stanley and Sir Stafford Northcote, who have swal-
lowed so much that they did not very much relish,
would not probably make many difficulties about swallow-
hign Murpby too, as au alternative of the " hot p Sato
policy." of Boman catholic endowment which they took
up so meautionely and dropped so hastily. In the mean-
time, it is little to the credit of Mr. Dumb that slum
should be any necessity for sending round the hat for a
man of Mr. Msrphy'smerit and services. Lon! Mayo has
obtained the vice-royalty of India, Mr. Du Cane has been
animated governor of one eolony, aadSirJames Ferguson
of (mother, for services to the presentlyvernmeni 01 no
means equal to those which Mr. Mu y has lledlema,
Has Mr. ao island in his gift . Could not Mr.
MurphMalts'l7 b4hilrt
M urplit° barlyilsand vas
lit ethatibitmanowe°Stil°"of
something
to Alit great leader and panes; •14. thtY, _lsm kin
to depend an the awe' ooseributioes whelk Weibel
Brockman win thankfully receive, they will be guilty of
an ingratitude without parallel.—Deily NM%
Cann:. Pares. Ota 82.n.t.nw.
WIDNIMIRALT, Nov. 26.--lobditimm ts.smass WNW,
1,36 g; ago, es psynionk 473; total Tin lain=
LeillneliChamALOinuktre COMPANY (
—Trans ormipts for wog eri4* Not. 23, Ogg. Hs. ea.
MUMMA end Oh, _ere the largest
IP:Vs weltsir IrdgalluminabCp=

NEgRETTI and ZABIRRA'S SPECTACLES
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