The Express.
London, England, 1868-11-12 00:00:00

the .131VefSO*

DEIIBY•LANL
Tuts Irsytwo, A MODEL UNCLS.-12/0 0' SCOTS.
NT. Phelps, Minas. Addison. Irving, Rowe, • /leadsmen
Noah, Stuart, Prank Matthaei', ta.—Aied A GRAND BALL=
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TMIiCEIWIL
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yams
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until IS o'clock for issertioa arm irreolog. Prior fr. dd.

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PrP LONDON, THURSDAY, NOV. 72.
LIBERTY OF TRE SUBJECT IN FRANCE.

WHO the present Emperor of the FRENCH was
the "Prisoner of Ham," he was a constant con-

tributor to one of the provincial journals of the
anti-dynastic opposition. The articles he wrote
in the Progris du Pas d. ratas have since
been republished in the edition of his
" Works," and are become a monument
alike to the merciful indulgence of the constitu-
tional monarchy and the proverbial humanity of

•
Lous Puturna, and to the cynicism of a twice.

pardoned violator of the laws and the con-
stitution of the country which he was destined
a third time to assault, and to conquer. It
was in the sacred name of liberty that the Pri-
soner of Ham was permitted to indite and to print
week after week those incessant libels against the
Government which had twice commuted the
extreme penalty he had been condemned to suffer.
It was in the sacred name of authority, and es a
saviour cf society, that the escaped prisoner who
when in prison was permitted to excite to hatred
and contempt of the Government which had spared
his life twice, broke his oath to the constitution
which had committed to him the chief magistracy
of the Republic, dispersed the National As-
sembly at the point of the bayonet, shot or
banished the representatives of the nation, and
rose to absolute power on the ruins of public
freedom, under cover of a terror-stricken universal
suffrage. All this is history, not the history such
as libellers or flatterers write, but the history which
neither exaggerates nor extenuates, but which re-
gisters and records. We are not recalling these
antecedents of the Second Empire to denounce
or to excuse them. That is the affair of our neigh-
bours. We do so at this moment simply to enable
our readers to understand how it happens that six-
teen years after the national election by which the
See ondEmpirewas established,NaPoLEox than IRD
is unwilling, or unable, to bear anydiscuasion of the
origin of his power, which is supposed to rest on
the suffrages of eight millions of adult Frenchmen.
Surely this is a signal misfortune. and a serious
disability for any government. Without taking
into account the fatal significance of this damn-
ing blot on the seutcheon of Imperialism,

one is at a lose to conceive the infa-
tuated folly of the courtiers and advisers of the
Emperor of the FRENCII, who sedulously blind
his eyes and close his ears to all but their own
parrot 'dames of adulation and deception,
shut from him all access to the thoughts
and feelings of the young generation which
has sprung up since half the number of those
who " alAolved " the cone (rgtat have gone to
their graves, and keep him in a fool's paradise
of omnipotence disturbed only by the pangs of
frequent failures, of hopeless anticipations, of un-
fulfilled promises, of a reign without a future,
of a dynasty in the air.
In justice, we say, to the Emperor NAPOLEON,
we must take all his past into account, in
order to explain some recent incidents of
his domestic policy, as it is exhibited in
the chronic resuscitation of that law of " public
" safety," borrowed from the worst days of
the revolutionary reign of terror. In the course of
last summer shistoryof the events of December, 'M
was published in Paris, and rapidly reached a fourth
and fifth edition. It was, no doubt, eagerly bought
both by those who were in public life seventeen
yearn ago, and by those who were at school or in the
nursery when the Second Republic disappeared in
a night. Among other well authenticated epi-
sodes in that history was one in which a member
of the National Assembly, M. BAL'DIN, was the
principal w:tor. M. lIA emir was IS Republican,
and in that character as well as in the capacity of
a representative of the people it was his duty to
defend the Constitution which the Familiarr of
the REruutae had sworn to maintain. Presenting
himself on a barricade to address the people in

.141
I ,

EX'

the Faubourg St. Antoine, be exhorted Wen nett*
throw their lives away rashly in &useless resistance
to overwhelming force, but to bide their Ohne. Being
taunted by one of the crowd as one of 'those who
were paid twenty-five trans a day to servo the
Republic, he instantly mounted the barricade,
and exclaiming, " See then bow a representative
" of the people can die for twenty-five franca a
" day ! " was shot through the heart by
a volley of musketry from the troops. The
record of this heroic death has stirred the
hearts of many of BAnnur's countrymen, and
they have lately found out the site of his grave.
On All Saints' Day this humble patriot's tomb
was covered with flowers ; and two liberal journals
announced a subscription list for the erection of a
monument to BAUM. The thought wee II happy
one, no doubt, since it was sure to rally all the
moral forces, all ranks and closest and
parties of the Liberal opposition. But to the
Government it was a ghost of BANQUO, with
twenty mortal murders on hie head, and
the MINISTIR of the Drrotion seems to
have been utterly scared from the com-
monest prudence and propriety. The offend-
ing journals were seised three days following ;
their editors were summoned before the ex-
amining magistrate, and are to bo prose-
cuted in the Correctional Court. Five years
ago the matter would have ended here. Now,
not only do the prosecuted journals persist in
their offence, brit they are followed by
forty of the principal independent journals in
the capital and in the provinces, and fortified by
an authoritative " Opinion " by the leaders of the
French Bar. The Government is already morally
defeated and yet liberal Europe is invited to
believe that the subjects of the Second Empire
enjoy a greater degree of personal liberty than
their benighted neighbours who still labour under
parliamentary government on this side of the
Channel.

At the opening of the legal year in France it is
thecustorn of one of the law officers of the Crown to
deliver un address, or more strictly speaking, to
read en essay, on some subject not always very
closely connected with the study or the adminis-
tration of the law. Comparative jurisprudence,
however, is an apposite and a sufficiently ample
theme for these exercitations, and furnishes an
ingenious Advocate-General who wishes to attract
the favourable attention of the Minister of
Justice with opportunities of descanting on
the obvious superiority of the French to
all other codes, and of the whole legis-
lative, administrative, and judicial organization
of the Empire to that of all other modern States.
So long as the orator's thesis is confined to an
exposition of the clearness and compactness of that
Code which was framed by the Convention and
adopted by the First NAPOLEON, the national
pride of his audience is flattered without doing
violence to truth. But this is not enough
for the conscience of a functionary, or for
the satisfaction of his patrons. The Im-
perial Government is not content with friends
of the second degree, or with servants who for-
get for en instant the duty of courtiers. M. DE
PEDSIGNY, in undertaking to demonstrate to his
brother Senators that the press was far freer in
France under the Empire than in England a
hundred years ago, was comparatively modest in
his assumptions, considering the nature of the
assembly he was addressing. No ecclesiastical
orator in his pulpit was ever more secure from
reply. But his instructions have been bettered
by some humbler imitators who have not
the same inducements to reserve. On the
first day of the present term the Advocate-
General, who was charged with the customary
inaugural discourse before the Court of Caseation,
chose as his thesis (not, it should be understood,
as a paradox to sharpen his forensic wits upon)
that the liberty of the subject is greater in France
than in Great Britain. The mode of demonstration
is not so difficult as it seems. The French lawyer

picks out all the obsolete English etatutee (re-
pealed or unrepealed) he can possibly discover,
and contrasts them triumphantly with the

principles of 'B9, which, as all the world
knows, are the foundations on which the liberty
of the subject reposes in Imperial France. He
passes lightly over the arbitrary preventive arrests
by general warrant of the Prefect of Police, the pre-
ventive imprisonments on charges never brought
into court, the impossibility of prosecuting a
public functionary for false imprisonment with-
out permis‘ion of the Council of State, to mention
only the ordinary condition of things, and to say
nothing of the decrees of public safety which
from time to time place whole categories of
citizens under suspicion and surveillance, and
resider them liable to deportation to a penal settle-
ment without any form of trial—decrees which
have the force of laws, and which, although occa-
sionally dormant, not even the ceremony of a new
decree is needed to revive. Meanwhile the British
subject somehow or other manages to move pretty
freely under the galling fetters which the Im-
perial Advocate-General has invented for him,
and can neither be arrested on a warrant from the
Chief Commissioner of Police, nor put in prison and
kept there for weeks on mere suspicion. Nor can
any functionary of the British Government,
from the highest to the lowest, claim immunity
from every subject's right of redress.
If, indeed, the French barristers and law students
who composed the Advocate-General's audience
when be expatiated on his remarkable theme, or
the public who read it in the newspapers, are
satisfied with its disclosures, doubtless it is not for
Englishmen to disturb their complacency, nor is it
worth any one's while on this side of the water to
dispute the Advocate-General's facts. Next year,
we daresay, the same law officer or his successor
(for he certainly deserves the reward of his zeal)
will take as his text the superior impartiality and
purity of the French to the British administration
of justice—especially with respect to political
offences.

prods
01111141111 the e r mkg
Ligg..'Unfortunalely,
beady it grows _ in netnews
companies, for instance, give
—witness some of the stations,
cress and Grosvenor Hotels--but at the same time
they throw frightful bridges over the Thames, and
across our leading thoroughfare. It ould
seem, indeed, as if the authorities of the metropolis
were either weak or indifferent, and the protesta-
tions of the pnblio are wholly unavailing. It is
scarcely too much to say that no other city in
Europe would have endured the gross offenoe in-
flicted upon usnearLondon-bridge and on Ludgate-
hill by some of the great railway companies, but
our citizens are singularly patient, and, so long as
they can say what they like, leave the oompanies
to do what they will.
Just now every one is eagerly asking—What will
be done with the Thames Embankment ? Will it
prove, as was intended, " a thing of beauty," a
place for enjoyment and relaxation? or will it
merely serve the part of a spacious thoroughfare
from the West-end to the City ? That it will not
be as perfect as it might have been, and ought to
be, we know already, for the promised
railway must inevitably mar the beauty
of the place as a promenade. But since
we have sacrificed much important river traMo
to 'pathetical considerations, it is imperative,
as the Spectator truly observes, that all the beauty
should be developed of which the Embankment is
capable. But what will the Board of Works do
for us ? Are we to have trees and seats and a de-
lightful lounge for summer evenings, or will an
unquestionably grand national work be spoilt for
the pleasure-loving public by a utilitarian spirit,
and by an indifference with regard to details ?
That the railway will be an annoyance and will go
far to injure the character of the Embankment
there can be no question. Let us at least be as-
sured of such beauty as may yet be possible. The
massive granite of this wonderful roadway tells us
of vast labour and expense. There is a noble op-
portunity for the display of taste, a chance which
if once lost can never be regained. It would be
antisfactory to the public to learn that full advan-
tage will be taken of it, and that the Thames Em-
ment will be in every respect worthy of the Metro-
polis and of the country.

OUR CONTEMPORARIES.
(THIS DAY.)

out thiesaituag.
Maser of Was, attended by the Coutes of
Masaillol4 drove eat.
Peace sad Primes °bristle& of fishleswigalastein
dined wit! the Queen .- weals.
The Crown Primo of Prowl& sad Christian, at.
boded by Majcw.Oessal P. H. Seymour,e est amt.
m. Colossi tlui Has. Dudley de Bee bad the honour of
ere-saying their royal highasess.
The Crown Prins et Pranks afterwards visited Prince
and Prisms Militias at Pregnisre-hosee, sad retained
to lunatics.
The Qua bold a amen to-day at IS e'riodc, at Oda
were Tremont the Duke of Marlborough, the Berl at Ma-
sumbiwy, the Dube of Buellawasa sad Chaska, the
Bight Hoc. &sisal aad the Bled Hos. O. B.
Adlirley.
Lord Augasbui Late& Biz Joseph Napier, and Tar
Jams Ferguson arrived at the Coale, sad were swum
swam of her Majesty's Most Hosourale Privy Com-
a, sad tools tisk sate at Use board ariosaingly.
IPreviese to the masa the Duke of Marlborough bad
ea audience of the Chan.
After the coasts Hr. Disraeli bad also an audience of
bar Majesty.
Hr. Help was Clerk of the Conceit.
Lord Raglan and Major-Genera F. Seymour. C. 8., the
Lard and Groom in Waitia& were la attendance.
Prince Arthur left Pressers-house yesterday for Green-
wish, attended by Lieutesant-Colonel Liphinstone.

At the CO9DCiI held yesterday by the Queen at Winder
Castle a proclamation was ordered to be Wetted dissolving
the present whammed, and directing the immediate issue
of writs for the election of a new House of Commons, the
writs to be returnable on Thursday, the 10th of December
nest.
At the same council a proclamation was ordered to be
issued for the election of sixteen representative peers of
Scotland, the election to take place on Thursday, the 3rd
of December nest. -

-. -------...
The usual proclamation in relation to the Houses of
Convocation was also ordered to be imued.

Despatches were sent yesterday from the Colonial-office
to the Governor-General of Canada.
A deputation from the Commissioners of Sewers of the
City of Loudon, consisting of Mr. Deputy De Jersey. Mr.
Deputy Farrar, Mr. Richard Cox, Mr. Pedler, Mr. Daw,
and Mr. Maywood, had an interview yesterday with the
Duke of Richmond, at the offioe of the Board of Trade,
on the subject of the appointment of Mr. Evans to be one
of the Gas ltefereee under the "City of Louden Om
Act, 1868."

The Duke and Duchene of Northumberland
have arrived at Teddealey Park, btaffort6hize. ou a
to Lord and Lady Ilatherton.
Lord Stanley left town yesterday evening for
Lynn. _ _

A marriage is arranged, says the Pod, between
Mr. Grenville Baker, eldest son of Mr. Barwicke Baker,
of Hardwicko Court, Gloueestershiss, and Kiss Catharine
Lamellas, daughter of the Hon. Arthur Lamellas, of
Norley, Cheshire.
17p to the time of the assembly of the last par-
liament it was customary to allow a week to elapse be.
tween the formal opening and the delivery of the royal
speech. Thus, in 1837, parliament met on April 30, and
the swearing in of members was continued until May 7 ;
in 1869 both houses assembled on May 31, and the royal
speech was delivered on June 7. In 1866, however, the
swearing m was conducted more rapidly, and parliament
having assembled on Thursday, February 1, was opened
by her Majesty on the following Tuesday. The next par•
liament is called also on a Thursday, the speech from the
throne will in all probability be delivered on Tuesday,
December 16, and that night, with those of the Thursday
and Fridays following, may decide the fate of the govern.
ment. _ .

Hot many parliaments in modern times have
gene to their rest with the loss of so few eminent men
as that which was last night dissolved. Of the 69 peers
whose deaths have been recorded during:the period of its
existence, the mare of Lord Brougham stands out almost in
isolated prominence ; while of the 23 members of the Lower
Home who have died, Lord Palmerston's name is the only
one which is likely long to be carried in the public remem-
brance. In the parliament which came to spend in 1865, Lord
Chancellor Campbell, the Duke of Newcastle, the Earl of
Carlisle, the Earl of Elgin, Earl Canning, and Lord Her-
bert of Lea were removed from the Lords ; and Mr.
Cobden, Sir G. C. Lewis, Sir James Graham, and Mr.
Robed Stephenson from the Commons. So great was the
mortality in that parliament that in six years Lord
Palmerston's government lost ten of its members through
death—a remarkable contrast to the tenacity of life shown
by conservative statesmen, for at this moment, if circum-
stances required, Lord Derby could, with two exceptions,
form again the cabinet which he presented to her Majesty
needy seventeen yews ago.
An interesting antiquarian discovery has just
been made in Hanover. Some soldiers, in digging a trench
at Hildesheim, found about ..10 vases, cups, candelabras,
and other objects in masers silver and richly chased; they
are evidently the work of Greek artists, and apparently
date from the time of Augustus. Among them ia a goblet
with ornaments in relief representing Hercules strangling
two serpents; and a second, with satyrs, bacchantes, and
other similar figures.
There was a political demonstration in one of
the Turin theatres on the 3rd inst. the anniversary of the
battle of Modena, but it does not appear to have had
much significance. During the acts the orchestra was
repeatedly called upon to play Garibaldi's Hymn, but it
refused to comply with the request, and there was in con-
sequence considerable uproar. One of the municipal
authorities thereupon came forward and threatened to
clear the house if the noise continued; and this, as might
have been expected, only made matters worse. At last
one of the actors good-humouredly asked the audience if
they wished the performance to go on or to stop. The
appeal at once had the effect of re-establidd ng order.
Mdlle. Theresa is singing with great success at
the UsiG in Leonard.
The receipts at the theatres, concert-rooms, and
places of public amusement in Paris, amounted in October
to 1,776,029(r., being an increase of 770,700 fr. on the pre-
vious month.
The Figaro having mentioned a rumour of the
approaching publication of Mdlle. Schneider's Memoirs,
she writes in reply :•—" I do not find that I have suffi-
cient talent to compose the story of my life, but I have
quite enough not to allow it to be written by any other."
M. Barden lately read his new play of the IV role
at the Gymnast. It was received with enthusiasm, and is
said to be likely to prove one of the great successes of the
winter season. Madame Pasco will fill the chief part.
Taurberlik has been singing with great mews.,
in the Afriraiar at Madrid. Madame Gueymard has ap-
peared there in the Troraloa e, and was well received.
A young and beautiful actress, highly admired
at St. Louis (Martinique), Madame Regina Zarbini, has
committed suicide by taking prosaic acid. She left a note
declaring that in consequence of the death of her husband
a fortnight before, life no longer had any charm for her.
" It is now confirmed," says the Nord, " that
the Isthmus of Suez Canal will be opened regularly on
the lit October next. The state of the works at the last
visit had led to the supposition that the date might be ad-
vanced, but the board of directors has preferred to adhere
to the period already decided on, in order that the prepa-
rations may be complete."
The last census taken at Florence shows that
the population has increased eines the removal of the
capital there from Turin from 119,800 to 177,284.
DEATH OF GENERAL W. H. NoolT.—The (solo-
nelcy of the 36th (the Herefordshire Regiment of Foot) is
vacant by the death of General William Henry Soon,
which took place on the Bth inst. at Brighton. The late
gallant officer was for ma years in the Soots Fusilier
Guards, which distinguished regiment he commanded for
three years.
PNERENTATION TO LADY FIFE AND DINNER TO
Lope Marmara.- On Tuesday afternoon the Countess of
Fife was presented at Duff House, Banff, with a portrait
of her ladyship, painted by Nir Francis Grant, and sub-
scribed for by the Fife tenautry. The day being Lord
Macsluff's (the heir to the Fife estates) nineteenth birth-
day, the tenantry on the estates in Banffshire. iu re-
turn for the personal visit he paid them the other week,
eutortained the young nobleman, who seems to be a great
favourite among his father's tenantry at a public dinner
iu St. Andrew's Hall, Bauff. Lally Fife entertained the
ts nantry and others to • ball at Pe House in the
evening.

f NEWS.
oallir.)

THE ELECTORAL LAW OF SPAIN.
The Madrid Owns publishes the new electoral
law aanousiord several days back :

Every Fpaniard 26 gain of age has a right to
vote. The only persons disqualified are the fol-
lowing :—Convicts not rehabilitated ; men under
criminal accusations at the moment of the elec-
tions ; those deprived of their political rights;
individuals against whom a judgment has been
given, declaring them incapable of managing their
own affairs ; bankrupts ; insolvent traders or manu-
facturers ; and individuals prosecuted to reco-
ver payment of their taxes. Soldiers and sailors
will vote at the plains in which they are garrisoned,
provided that they have a two months' residence.
All electors dwelling in the communes and engaged
in trade are eligible to municipal functions ; they
may also form part of the provincial councils pro-
vided they do not occupy any Aloe paid by the
local government or the State. No government
functionary is qualified in the province, district, or
commune in which he holds his office. The func-
tions of deputy are incompatible with any post
requiring the holder to reside sway from Madrid,
and the acceptation of the former implied the
resignation of the latter. The elections for the
Cortes will take place by provinces. Those return-
ing from six to nine deputies will form two cir-
cumscriptions ; and those of ten and upwards,
three. The Balearic and Canary Islands are to
be the object of a division in which their par-
ticular situation will be taken into account.
There is to be a deputy for every 45,000 in-
habitants, and for a fraction above exceeding
22,500. The ballot will last three dap and a
special decree will fix the mode of voting in the
islands. The electoral lists will be made out from
the 15th to the 25th November. The number of
deputies is to be 350.

(=ROUGE IEUTER.B AGENCY.)
FRANCE.

PARIS, Nov. 11

Tlin Mnsiteser, in its bulletin of this morning,
(riticiaci favourably the speech of Mr. Disraeli at
the Lord Mayor's banquet, and approves the right
honourable gentleman's remarks in reference to
the relations of France and Prussia, and ab.o the
idea of Lord Stanley undertaking to act as media-
tor between the two powers.

%iimmoommi•

, ...„1. ,s
THURSDAY EVENtitt,NNOVEMBER 1
I
t - . -‘
roduse wesiewhies asill lel& ''''( retatirt• k I
ft maws& ihs rupees Mr* build= '
r, however; while Leralia grows , e,-8 assns. Nov. U.
also in ugliness. The railway The Omsk assompanied by. Prisons iSsaildoo.
awe, give us splendift aggloes drove at yesiwday alawnosa. Weeded by the Dachas
the stations. and the (liming- of 11"bordb• ; sad her NalistY and Prism, Leslie went
-. out telessotabit _ .