The Express.
London, England, 1850-01-24 00:00:00

zhe eroresso•

Wel bow ars by no moans adequate inducemeum.
'The map* of the soil most be relieved altogether
Ihm lability to county rats*, and his contributions to
the offset of the poor most be limited within the
bienis of a stringent merrimum. Even this is not
Imsegli. Mr. Cacao has made aphis mind that there
it at present a surplus labouring population of not lass
Halo a quarter of a million ; and for these be proposes
that Ike means of emigration should be forthwith fur-
nished by the state. He further hints that the repay-
ment of advances already made by the Treasury had
better be abandoned; and that additional liana for
bui ditnngg as well as drainage ought to be made by the
Chasesllor of the Itzolwquer to the landed proprietor.
After all these enthused operations in the way of
exoneration sad depopulation at the national cost
have been effected, than (according to Mr. CAIRO
the field for investment may be considered fairly
clear, and then, at lest, the long-promised tide of
spontaneous immigration of English capital and
Scotch enterprise into Connaught may be supposed
likely to begin. Nothing of the sort. Our five-weeks
tourist tells us: "The disproportion between popu-
lation and employment, is of such magnitude as
to put it quite out of the question for the coun-
try to right itself unaided. Individual immi-
gration by capitalists or farmers, however excellent,
is too slow a remedy for the disease ; nor
can the ordinary action of government cope with such
extraordinary circumstances. A comprehensive
scheme, like that developed by Sir ROBERT PEEL in
the last session of parliament, is absolutely necessary
for the safety of the west of Ireland."
This, then, is the grand panacea, without which all
else must go for nothing. The people are to be de-
ported by wholesale—local taxation and its admi-
nistration are to be removed far above the heads of
the farming class—poor relief is to be reduced to a
minimum—the public revenue is to lend more freely
than ever, and to be repaid less—and all to make room
for the new plantation proposed by Sir R. PEEL.
That the gentlemen adventurers who might have tae
good luck to be made fee-simple proprietors of
western estates, by the grate and favour of the mi-
nister of the day, and the obliging farmers who might
be prevailed upon to take good grazing farms at
nominal rents and taxes, beyond the Shannon, to say
nothing of the tribe of deputy-Trevelyans who
would be required to work the trea-ory sittlement—
that all these characters would make a nice thing
each of the plan, no man can possibly doubt. All
minor jobbing would sink into insignificance coin-
pared with this truly imperial field of official and
protege investment. Fortunes—aye, mar.y hundreds
of fortunes—were made by like schemes of English
plantations in Ireland in former days. Why should
not the folly be perpetrated anew ?
We trust that there is a spirit in the parliament of
1830 which will resolutely and promptly reject any
attempt to resuscitate this m-st objectionable project.
The fearful condition of the peasantry of the west of
Ireland ws have incessantly striven to depict. The
impossibility of their reaching a safe or wholesome
position, socislly, without an effective reformation of
the law of landlord and tenant, we have always in-1
misted on. But that there is any surplus population
in Ireland, we utterly deny; and it will require some-
thing more than Mr. CAIRD'B railroid views of the
country, or shred-and-patch statistics, to shake our
belief in the ample sufficiency of the soil of Ireland to
employ remuneratively all her sons.

OUTGOING MAILS.
The mails yid Menstilles, to the Mediterraneas,
Cerise, Judie, Hoes-Kam ha., will be made rep line
seesaw Jan. 24.
The mane for British North America sod the United
States will be made up tomorrow:goosing. Jut. 26.
The malls for Liabea, Speia, sad Gibraltar will be made
up on lea. 27.
The Meet ladle Mails. iatisdlet Bermuda, Havana'',
Namara, Ilnidurea, New Orleans, mod Meuiee,aed
them for Madeira, St. Jews.tie-Niserepus, New Granada,
Chill, sad Peru, will be =Welly ea the marulag el Feb. 2.
The gala. foe Medrrie, the Brasile, sad Busses Apree,will
be made up ea the @rushee of Fete. 4.
The meth tor Gibreher, Mahe, Greece, *sisal= Wands,
'apt. Ceylon, India, sail CMea, via Southampton, will
be made sp oa the morals. et Feb. 20.

II WM W&TRII AT 147NDON MILIO4II
Tin Oat —l44ibleg. Mk 4s. Allserma. 411 b. 44.5.
T.NenbeT—1fenimg.1114.11)..........4.1110•4444 U L W.

LONDON, THURSDAY, JANUARY 24.

To form a judgment of the relative merits and
prospects of protection and free trade, ore bay but to
compare the simultaneous meetings at Sheffield and
at 1011. The one is all confidence, the other all fil-
tering ; the one calm reasoning, the other ribald
abuse.
At York the Duke of CLIIVRIARD comes forward
to declare that no relapse to protection is to be hoped
from the present parliament. The House of Com-
mons would say that the distress was temporary,
owing to other causes than free trade, and the expe-
riment not worked out. His grace's hope, therefore,
was solely in the future. The duke's arguments on
another important point were, indeed, identical with
Mr. Convex. For he admitted that the distress as
yet had only affected the tenant, without reaching the
landlord. What did Mr. COMM( ray else, when he
declared that it was a question of rent, and that it
tenant and landlord would put their shoulders toge-
ther and there the burden between them bi a distil.-
mutate of rent, neither would have need to come and
ask the rest of the community to bear their bunkum.
If the Duke of CLIVELAND, however, rptke the
sense of protee:ioo, Mr. FERRAND was there to be the
mouthpiece of its nonsense. Mr. FERRAND deelued
that free trade in corn, as in all else, has never been
advanced by argument : there had been no reasoning,
no eloquence, no mind spent upon it. Free trade had
been rendered triumphant, according to Mr.FERIIAND,
by the Sludgeos and the bris:kbat, by aggression with
daggers tnense.ng Sir R. Pew., and by Wide of Irish-
men, whom, it seems, the Manchester men had hired to
cow and beat all England. Accordingly Mr. FRIIRAND
dto take the field 'gained the physics' force n
lelotnrchester, against the ferocious quakers of the
League. And as every hero who fights his battle
in imagination always wins it, Mr. /ERRAND pro-
ceeded to tell his audience what use he would make
of his victory. He said that he would pardon
BRIGHT, Oa condition that he should Vt the part
of headman to the other free-traders. This is the
nodal of arguments of which the Protectionists set
the examp'e—this the kind of courtesy, practiEd in
speech and threat, by people put forward as the
champions of the gentlemen of England.
If we turn to the meeting or the manufac•urera and
artiness at Sheffield, we shall find a very different
spirit preveil. We shall find as much courage, but
much less ferocity. The audience is addressed u
batty of intellect and reason, not animals who must
be goaded in order to be driven. Mr. COBDEN
merely followed the Duke of CLEI'LLAND in
the assertion, that the distress was • question
of rent, to be discussed between landlord and tenant,
and not to be staved by promises of prices to be kept
up by act of parliament. As to all the arguments
adduced by the protectionists which admitted of being
put to the proof of fade, records, and wits ern, all
these were refuted on the fax of them. The repeorth
that low prime begot low and scant wages was one
that did not bear arguing at Sheffield. The assertion
that the poor-rates are heavier since free-trade, has
its refutation in each locality. The amount of crises
lessened, of exports increased, of factories at work.
poor-houses empty, excise consumption
tell in favour of free trade.
There was but one argument of the protectionists
which it was difficult to get figures to answer,
because there are neither statistics nor returns.
And on this argument the tories have laid
great stress. This is the home trade, assumed
to be in decay, with every shilling abstracted
from It that was paid to the foreigner fur corn. Into
this cane. nient mystery, however, Mr. COBDR'e in-
troduced the light of his intelligence ; and he showed
that in the book trade and the hosiery trade, of which
there were no exports, and which were exclusively
confined to the home market, that in these the activity
and prosperity had been never more marked;
and the same might be proved of the in all articles
of the home trade, as well as the consumption of
luxuries taxed by the excise. These remarks of Mr.
COI3DEN were addressed as much to the fair sex of
Sheffield, as to the husbands, brothers, and fathers,
and rneritedly so. For nose are so deeply interested
in that getters' cheapness which implies some portion
of spare time and spare money, as the women, who
should mostly profit, both in comforts and in intelli-
gence, by basing such at their disposal.

MR. CAIRO has just given to the world 187 pages ;
of his observations and researches in Ireland. He i
visited that country in October last, spent five weeks
at hotels and on the public roads, jotted down a
large amount of correct, incorrect, and half-and-half
information, copied three pages out cf ARTHUR
YOUNG and four tables out of the Blue Books of last
session, tied all together with a string of compliments
to all the lords and great people who were civil to
him, and seat it to Messrs. BLACKWOOD for publica-
tion. As he has had so much trouble and
thrown away so mach time that might have
doubtless been turned to good account in
" high farming" in Wigtonsbire, we hops his
pamphlet, though rather dull and dear, may sell ; and
if there be any persons of ordinary information who
can find in it anything they did not know before, we
should hope they will be grateful. There is, indeed,
a very neat map of Ireland with a red zigzag run-
ning somewhat capriciously over some perm of it,
which is meant to denote accurately the course of
Mr. (2 ilau's exploring expedition. Thu names of
places, both in the map and the letter-press, are by
no means servilely copied from any known chart or
survey, but are given in an orthography quite
original. In some instances, too, their locality is
varied in a sportive manner. But as these novel
characteristics of a volume of travels may have
arisen from the author's obvious onacquaintance with
the land and people generally, whine future fate be
undertakes to decide, it were hard perhaps to hold
him accountable for topographic blunders any more

than for those of social economy.
The fact is, that when a gentleman of ordinary
faculties of observation sets about doing a d.fficult
country off-hand in a few weeks for the booksellers,
there is no saying what notorious facts he may
not jot down as notable, or what well known
fgarcies ne may not "be struck with as
well worthy of consideration." Fallacies and facts
are alike fresh for him ; the only danger
Is, that they will sound old and obsolete
to his masts. We have waded through the present
brochure in the hope of getting a morsel of informs-
or a stray sallsetion enissees of the vexed ques-
tions affecting Irenand,but we have not been success-
ful. Mr. Cull) assorts that the soil of Connaught is
generally goA, thee the dimste la rather damp, ' hat
there is in most *sea abenemee of limestone, and
that the gram is very green. Some how or other we
fancy we knew all thathefore. He then proceeds to
hulked some conjeebene regarding what better firm-
ing might do under certain conditions. More produce
of all descriptions might be raised, and more money
made—always, however, under certain conditions.
Disputed se all Irish comms an, we do not I
remember having ever heard these propositions
questioned. And, finally, Mr. Can give. it as his
deliberate conviction that if farming capitalists in
Greet Britain were sere of the certain conditions
alluded to, they would not meth object to emigrate
to Mayo and Care. When we inform our readers
what the certain *iodides. are, we think they
will be very much inclined to say—" not a doubt
of it."
Mr. CAIID gives several instances of cheap farms
to let. Compared with Scotch and Beplish rents, he
admits the yearly sum demanded is reasonable;
and he antieipetes a favourable influence on
rents on this side of the channel in coesequence
of Irish abatements. But lowered rents and prof-

PARIS. 7.n. 13.

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 24, 1850,

him in the arm. The oowardly assailant was soon
afterwards arrested.
IL Geary do Regan, first secretary of legation, has
just been named first secretary of embassy. U. Geary
is at the name time charged with an extraordinary
mission to La Plata, for which place be L to start in
a few days.
The following communicated note appear, in the
Patric:—" After the revolution of 1830 a ekes@ was
issued prohibiting the granting of passports to Rus-
sian@ for France. This prohibition was renewed after
the revolution of 1848. It has just been removed by
order of the Emperor."
The report of the committee on the budget will not,
says the Patr;e, be presented to the National Assem-
bly until after a decision on a new communication
from the minister of public works.
The oommittee, on the proposition of If. Leon
Faucher for reducing from 30 to 16 the number of
members of the committee on the budget, have de-
cided against the proposition being taken into con-
sideration by the National Arembly.
The club of representatives who meet at the Council
of State have just renewed the appointment of the
president and vice-presidents. M. Thiers remains
president, and Count Mole and the Doke de Broglie
vice-presidents. At tke last sitting it was resolved to
establish a journal having for object to create union
between the two great parties of order. It is reported
that the new journal will be callea the Coneiliateur.
BOUM&

Tor Amount.

Par
Money.

„mane iligbast. Lowest. Closing.
---
3 pa, Cents. SI U 37 30 37 63 67 30 07 61
3 pee Cents.
I do. New Lone „ „ ss ss b
4 per Cuts. s2 23 e ” " sr
1 per Cants. ss 0 e ~ m
nebula cc Landon : $0 da 23 41 ;90 days, 13 325.
Belgian, 3, 1840 9l Mossy. Maples Rents' 93 23 Mosey.
Do. 5, 160 ...... 90 „ Roman Loan SO ~
Do. 45
lb. 35
Piedmont 3 per Cents 87 75 0
Booms—Pub sad Orleans, 630; Paris and Besan„ 093; Rosen
and Hamm 230; Avignon and Maresilke, 113; Straboorg
and Basle, 113 ; Orisons and Viers" 330; Orliem sad Bor-
deaux, —; Northam 460; llontersen and Treys, 111 30;
Paris and Strasbourg. 33873 ; Tears and Nantre„ 273 73 ; It. Ger-
main, Versailles (right bank), 10373; Verbalisms OM bank), 170;
Diep; e and— Yeassm, In.