The Northern Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1856-12-08 00:00:00

THURSDAY

kOn THURSDAY next. the 11th instant, at Twelve o'clock,
at the Brokers' Office, 2, Dale street,
155 Cases CASSIA,
68 Bales MADDER ROOTS, ex Glenalva, from
14 Tons LooseAMYRABOLAMS,r Bombay.
500 Bags RAPESEED, all faults,
Apply to BROWNE, HUNTER & CO.. Brokers
—-- - -

en itatt.

ON SALE.
25 Curs of SARDINES, all faults.
THOMAS PARRY, Broker,

Apply to

THIS DAY,

as the unwilling slaves of a dreadful storm. As yet
no disasters of any consequence have been named,
but no doubt a few days' posts will bring us
unwelcome tidings from sea. The weather at sea
must have been severe, for it was only last evening
the screw steamer Canadian, one of the Montreal
Ocean Steam-ship Company's vessels arrived from
Quebec, although expected here on Wednesday.
We learn that she encountered very boisterous
weather, and lost the greater part of her boats. At
the time we write there is not any intelligence of
the Europa, which was to sail from New York on
the 20th ult.
Crime is on the increase. Despite of capital
punishment, of transportation, and penal servitude,
murders and highway robbery are now becoming
daily occurrences. To day wo publish the par-
ticulars of a terrific double murder in Yorkshire,
and when one contemplates the circumstances
under which the foul assassins completed their
barbarous tragedy, the heart sickens, humanity is
shocked, and we are almost disgusted with our
species. According to our latest advices respect-
ing this truly melancholy affair, we learn that sus-
picion points to two men who were seen to enter
the village late in the evening of Thurday, and the
police are actively engaged in the endeavour to
trace the parties. The shop was not closed until
eleven o'clock. The deceased was considered eccen-
iric in his manner of business, but was a most
striving and industrious man, and was esteemed by
all who knew him. There can be doubt that the
object was money, and in all probability they have
succeeded in securing some. To this appaling
crime we have to add the highway robbery of Mr.
Singlehurst, in Birkenhead, on Saturday night.
These, With other cases of less import, are duly
detailed in other parts of this day's impression.
In the midst of such criminality, and when neither
life nor property is secure, every one is asking
themselves the question, How is it that the
administration of " law and justice" does
not, cannot, arrest the spread of the
worst of crime ? We fear that much of
the present outrages against life and pro-
perty arises from the " ticket-of leave sys-
tem" which has been in vogue for some years.
The experience of the past warrants us in declaring
it to be a complete failure. The good intentions
of its advocates have not been realised—the
liberated convict is unreformed, and he is let loose
upon society to inflict still greater injuries, and
perpetrate more audacious and barbarous brutali-
ties than his original offences. We consider that
it is full time the Government should again resort
to transportation—nbt to the Australian colonies,
__ many other parts of the globe which are
under the sway and controul of the British Crown.
What we contend should not be done with these
criminals is, to turn them loose, under circum-
stances that make their entering on a fresh career
of crime a matter of certainty during the uncom
pleted term of their former sentence. We would
object to any renewal of this most dangerous
experiment, and we confess to an inability to
discern any good reason why it should not be at
once abolished, instead of being persisted in, until
the whole of the offenders comprised in the class
of " old transports" shall have had these " condi•
tional" pardons extended to them, which are in effect
an unconditional liberty to commit new offences•
Transportation to a penal colony is objected
to because it is expensive. The expense of main-
taining the convict is, however, not to be compared
with the loss incurred from his depredations when
at large. There can be no renewal of transporta.
tion to the settled colonies which have outgrown it,
even to those whose present prosperous existence
and promising future are derived from their origin
as convict settlements. But in the vast range of
the British possessions there may be chosen some
regions eligible for the re-commencement of a mode
of disposal of our criminals, which, whilst giving
them the best chance of restoration, after a pro-
bation of punishment, undoubtedly offers a greater
security to society than any substitute that has
been tried or suggested

R. J. NODDER
Will respectfully offer his Selection of 'Parisian" and English
RIDING and WALKING HATS, BONNETS, and CAPS, with
every description of Trimmings, Feathers, Laces, &c., of the most
fashionable and tasteful kind.

81, CHURCH STREET

NORTHERN TIMES

PERAIA.NENTLY ENLARGED

DOUBLE ITS ORiGINAL SIZE

IT IS NOW AN
EIGHT PAGE DAILY PAPER,

POSSESSING
THE LARGEST CIRCULATION

AND IS THE
BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM

IN LIVERPOOL.]

SMALL ADVERTISEMENTS

Our late representative, th
Ed ward Cardwell, has been delivering a
speech to his constituents at Oxford, in the
course of which ha took occasion to refer to
the late war with Russia, the treaty by
which peace was again proclaimed in Europe, and
also the leading topics which would, in all proba-
bility, be called upon to consider and discuss. He
was particularly emphatic respecting free trade
inland ; this he regarded as a difficult but an
important question, and one which Parliament
will be called upon to consider next session.
This speech of Mr. Cardwell, is another
proof of his great ability as a statesman,
one who is destined to occupy a large share of
public attention, and to be the leader of a party
liberal in politics, numerous, and influential. The
more we examine the career of Mr. Cardwell, and
the closer we investigate his talents and abilities
as a statesman, the greater is our regret that Liver-
pool discarded him from being one of her repre-
sentatives, giving way to faction and party spleen.
Our Dublin advices inform us that much surprise
was expressed in that city by the abrupt and totally
unexpected manner in which Baron Richards, chief
commissioner of the Incumbered Estates Court,
ceased to fill that office. Mr. Commissioner
Longfieln, on taking his seat in chamber on
Friday morning, stated that he and his brother
commissioner, Mr. Hargreave, had received a royal
warrant intimating that Baron Richards was no
longer a commissioner of that court, and that, in
consequence, all cases standing in Baron Richard's
list should remain over until further orders, all
notices of motion for the full court also standing
adjoarned for the season. This proceeding
appears to have been quite peremptory; it was
not anticipated by any one about the court, nor
can any surmise be formed as to the future
arrangement, and as to the mode of appeal from
the decisions of individual commissioners, whether
they shall be direct to the General Court of
Appeal, or whether a new third commissioner
shall be appointed to constitute a full court. In
the meantime, the late chief commissioner will be
limited to his functions as a Judge of the Court
of Exchequer.
The evidence taken at the private inquiry into
the murder of Mr. has been printed, but not
yet made accessible to the public. Several vague
rumours about the suspected assassin are still
afloat, and the public interest in the subject has
scarcely suffered any diminution. It is now known
that James Robinson, the insane man, who is de-
tained by the police, was examined at the inquiry
previous to his exhibiting symptoms of insanity,
and was to have been brought forward as a crown

SIXPENCE EACH.

ht Honourable

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(Cfe nort4tru fintts

witness.
The Commission for holding the South Lan-
cashire Winter Assizes, was opened before the
presiding judges, Baron Alderson and Mr. Ser-
geant Channel, at St. George's Hall, on Saturday
afternoon. This forenoon, the Grand Jury will be
sworn, and the charge delivered, after which the
regular business will be proceeded with.
In our Police reports will be found an important
case respecting the forging of a free pass on
the London and North Western Railway. In refer-
ence to the matter we have received a communica-
tion from Messrs. Pearce and Nash, stating that the
Mr. Nash charged with the offence is not of their
firm., and that the card quoted in a previous report
of the case, an old one belonging to their firm,
was not used in evidence. Whilst on the subject
of Police Courts, we would beg to direct attention
to an article in another column, and to say that
as the matter is set forth, we consider that
Major Greig will do well to investigate
the case, and should all that is stated prove
correct, the valiant " blue" should be severely
handled both for his want of courage and com-
mon civility.
- • ---

MONDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1856.

Our continental intelligence is not of an impor-
tant character. The Paris Moniteur publishes the
following intelligence :—" By a decree, dated Dec.
2, promulgated
at Vienna, the Emperor Francis
Joseph has removed without exception, thd segues
tration placed upon the property of the Lombard
emigrants. Ninety persons sentenced for the crime
ieBaere granted a full pardon.''
majeste, in the Italian pro-
vo
if highee s o
ft rtehaes on o
, empire,r
A telegraphic despatch from Paris, dated Sunday
evening, informs us that the Moniteur confirms the
news of the approaching meeting of the Congress.

THE DAYS NEWS

than 10

The weather since our last issue has been very
unsettled. On Saturday night it blew a ccmplete
gale from W. to S.S.W. On the river it was
unusually rough, and ships of all classes had
extreme difficulty in riding out the storm. The
scene along the docks was one of terrific grandeur,
as the masts and spars of the vessels moved too
and fro, and uttered forth their own peouliar moan,

THE NORTHERN TIMES.---LIVERPOOL, MONDAY

It likewise announces the signature to a treaty
between France and Spain, relative to the limita-
tion of their respective frontiers. Respecting
Spain, we may observe that the impossibility that
that power can go on with her present manner of
government is exposed in the very nature of the
new loan negociated by M. Mires. There appears,
indeed, to be some kind of mystery as to the exact
terms of the loan, but we have no doubt that the
best aspect will be officially presented to the public.
We know, however, that the point at which Spain
starts in this new effort to raise the wind, that
there is nothing at all improbable in the accounts
supplied by our Paris correspondent, who, in
matters of this kind, is not only accurate but early
in his intelligence.
The Constitutionnel states that several French
vessels of war are intended to cruise in the Indian
Ocean, in company with the frigate Nemesis, which
will be the flagship of Rear Admiral Rig,ault de
Genouilly. Two steam corvettes, the Phlegeton
and the Primauguet, with four gunboats, will
compose this little squadron, to be joined to the
naval force which is already in the same. region,
under the command of Rear Admiral GlierleD, who
has hoisted his flag in the Virginie.
News reached Paris yesterday of the loss of the
French aviso Duroc in the East Indian seas. The
officers and crew were saved. The cause of the
catastrophe is imperfectly known even to the
government, and no details have transpired. The
Duroc was a screw steamer of 4 guns and 120-horse

power.
A letter from 13Liin, of the 2nd, in the Post
Ainpt Gazette of Frankfort, says :—The Duke de
Ossuna, the Spanish envoy to Russia, was robbed
while on his journey from Cologne to Hanover, not
only of a considerable sum of money, but also of
important despatches, particularly of a letter
addressed to an influential personage 2t, St.
Petsrsburg, by a German diplomatist accredited to
the French court, and who has played a certain
part in late events.
Late advices from St Petersburgh state that on
the 15th ult. the proof number of a new periodical,
at Helsingfors, as an official organ of the govern
ment, had been published in the Finnish language,
which will continue, from the Ist January, 1857, to
be circulated twice a week throughout the Finnish

Austria. We shall return to the European Coun-
cil more like swaggerers, than masters of the
position, as we were in April. When we demand
the fulfillment of the stipulations of the Treaty
of Paris with regard to the Bessarabian fron-
tier we shall be told to remember the cost
of recalling troops from Canada. If we insist on
the free navigation of the Danube, and the Black
Sea's remaining a commercial Lake, de facto, as it
is at present, we shall be reminded of the trouble
and expense attending the raising of a large militia
force, and sending out another army of 50,000
gallant soldiers to the East. Our diplomatists
must reappear at the Conference, consequently, as
supplicants, ready to receive whatever terms may
be offered to them, or men forewarned to retire on
the instant an attempt is made to reduce Great
Britain to that humiliation which diplomatic art,
as thus far, kept Russia from. The negotiators
we sent to the Paris Congress have left no middle

course open to us
We cannot, with any degree of honour towards
the Sultan, or regard for our mercantile interests,
withdraw our ships from the Black Sea, and aban-
don-the free navigation of the Danube to the
Russians, in possession of the Isle of Serpents, and
the Austrians who occupy the banks of the Danube
in full force, only a few leagues from the
Sulina mouth. Hence, we have been brought into
a position in which we find ourselves compelled to
submit to that humiliation which we would not inflict
on a perfidious enemy, or we must inevitably be
prepared to resort again to the pains and cost of
war to uphold our rights as a civilised and com-
mercial people. Still, the cant preached is, that
those who conducted the " peace negotiations," on
our behalf, are not to blame for placing us in the
position in which we now stand But we can
never subscribe to this doctrine of irresponsibility.
The PALMERSTON Cabinet knew their men before
Lord CLARENDON went to Paris as well as they do
now. They knew the depth of Russia's honour,
Austria's sincerity, and European diplomacy's
love of truth and justice from many a bloody tradi-
tion and page of history. The name of CLAREN-
DON occupies a prominent place in the list of
British historians. Lord PALMERSTON has had a
quarter of a century's experience in the world of
negotiators, and it is rather too much to say that
they could not foresee what was likely to come to pass
after we had given up all our gains in war
before the terms of peace were carried practically
into effect. It was not because the French
Government were in a hurry to get rid of the
war, that England should have abandoned the only
means she possessed of securing the peace of the
world.
If a parish schoolboy blots his book he is made
to pay the penalty. If our old apple women take
too much opium or gin, and we regret to say they
are beginning to take about an equal quantity of
both, they are taken up and fined. Every class of
persons, in a word, are held responsible for their
acts, and why diplomatic negotiators should be
exempt from a universal law we cannot at all under-
stand. It mill not do to say • that the men who
undertake the restoration of the world's tran-
quillity do the best they can. This would be
throwing the doors of the highest and
most difficult offices in the State open to
the greatest boobies and most unqualified

provinces.
Accounts from Hamburg mention that the Com
mercial and Industrial Union.' at the town of
Kiel has formed a committee for the purpose of
carrying out the project of uniting Kiel, Eckern-
forde, and Schleswig by a railway which promises
to be of the greatest future benefit to that part
of Holstein and Schleswig, and consequently it is
fully expected that the Government will afford
to the execution of the scheme every desirable
support. The committee is composed of men of
the highest respectability and influence in those
respective places, which cannot fail to make a
favourable impression upon the Minister for the
Duchy of Holstein. The plan of uniting the
Altona and Kiel Railway by a branch line with that
of Hamburg and Berlin direct has been unsupported
by the government from strategic motives.
Among the many steam navigation companies
now being formed in various parts of the north of
Europe, may be noticed one formed in Copenhagen,
in the spring of the present year, to establish a line
of steamers between that city, London, Hull, and
Leith. To this end the directors have given orders
to the firm of Messrs. James Henderson and Co ,
of Glasgow, to build for them three large screw
boats of GO-horse power each, and to carry a cargo
of 350 tons heavy weight of goods, or about 3,000
tons of grain, and to be so constructed that they
will be capable of withstanding any sea in heavy
weather, and to enter into any of the small ports
along the coast from their light draught of water.
It is fully expected that these vessels will •be
ready to enable the company to commence
running them at the commencement of the
ensuing season in 1857. Their length of keel
will be 160 feet, and with a breadth of 23
feet, they will not, with a full cargo, draw

t de

for the convenience of running into the
ports on the coast 'of Jutland and other parts of the
Danish dominions, they will be provided with an
apparatus to supply them with water as ballast
also. The first of these screws will be named after
the late meritorious state councillor (L. M. Heidt),
whose family have given the directors permission
to that efft ct.

fore hold those who undertook the

Paris

mission responsible for whatever disasters may
grow out of the treaty to which they affixed their
names. This responsibility may be purely of a
moral character; yet the popular voice can make that
species of obligation as onerous and insufferable
as any other which calls for universal condemnation;
and if we should be dragged into another war, in
order to secure a reasonable interpretation of the
Treaty of Peace, the Cabinet to which its nego-
tiation belongs will, assuredly, share the heavy
censure which the public will heap on their over-
confident Envoy.

THE Paris papers inform us that another diplo
matic Conference is to take place shortly. What a
precious hoax ! Russia, who was on the eve of
yielding to the bayonets of the Allies, will not bow
to pens, ink, and paper. Her troops still occupy
Galatz, a fortified town on the Turkish side of the
Prutb, and the Isle of Serpents, at the mouth of
the Danube, whilst the Austrians retain possession
of the Principalities. None of the boundary ques-
tions have been settled. Intrigue has tied the
hands of the Sultan so that he cannot carry forward
those reforms he desires. The influence of his
great military leaders, and among the rest that of
of OMER PACRA, has been wholly destroyed by the
most dastardly slanders. His military strength
has been broken up. His fleet has disappeared.
And yet we are to be led to believe that another
Conference, composed of the same men or their repre-
sentatives, who have witnessed all this, is to settle
the Eastern question, give life and independence
to Turkey, and greater stability to our commercial
relations with the Ottoman empire, and Asiatic
nations on the borders of the Black Sea. Foreign
diplomatists must certainly look on Great Britain
as a power which is still in its swaddling clothes.
A huge mass of living stupidity and ignorance,
which cannot see one yard before it, or under_
stand the plainest language in which the current
of past events is recorded.
We have always contended that this would be
an interpretation the CZAR and his sympathisers
would demand, after our over-ready acceptance of
the terms offered by Austria. And now we may
safely refer to what may be called " the middle
" passage of the history of the Russo-Turkish
" dispute," to prove the truth of our assertion. All
that has been done since April last, up to the
present hour, has given Russia time to recover her
shattered strength, and to favour the work of
creating a variety of new political, and dip-
lomatic organisations on the Continent. Suf-
ficient time, and abundant opportunities have
been allowed for both these purposes, and now we
are asked to appear again in a second Conference,
where the true interpretation, to be given to
written terms of peace, is to be decided by
vote, when concessions have failed to pro-
duce the desired solution ! These are the
bases of the peace we enjoy. We are to go into a
foreign Council in a minority—standing alone
probably on the side of humanity, truth, aud jus-
tice ; and if our rights and interests as a free,
independent, and progressive nation are put to the
vote, we must either bow to the decision of our
rivals and enemies, or be prepared to set all
Europe at defiance, and enforce at the cannon's
mouth that which we have been given to under-
stand was secured to us by a solemn and irrevo-

The Court of Common Pleas has taken up to the
first day of next term to arrive at a decision in the
case of SWINFEN v. SWINFEN; to decide, in fact,
whether counsel has a right to compromise his
client's case in direct opposition to his instructions,
and accept £lO,OOO where £60,000 is pending on
the issue. It may he necessary to take time to
consider the best means of keeping within the limits
of mouldy and obsolete statutes in such cases, but
it will be difficult to convince the country that one
moment's delay was needed in order to administer

justice or give a plain common sense judgment in
the matter. The compromise which Mrs. SWINFEN
has been called upon to ratify would deprive her of
50,0001., and leave her open to a charge of having
set up an invalid will to defraud Captain SWINFEN,
who has endeavoured, but unsuccessfully up to the
present time, to set it aside. This liberal offer,
which Captain SWINFEN'S counsel, the then Attorney-
General,instantly snapped at, originated, as it is now
made to appear, with Mrs. SWINFEN'S counsel, Sir F.
THESIGER. Counsel on behalf of the Attorney General
deny most stoutly that the offer came from that
officer. The only inference to be drawn then is,
that Mrs. SWINFEN'S counsel was the person who
first offered to compromise the case, and we would
ask the special attention of the public to the
grounds on which counsel , ventured to take that
course, as it is one of transcendant importance to
the whole community, but more particularly to the

cable international compact.
Time has not changed the men who took part
in the Conferences of April last, although the
conditions in which the contracting parties stood
at that period. have changed vastly. Turkey has
fallen into that low state of disorganisation which
invariably follows the excitement of war in half
civilised countries. The Allied
:armies and fleets
have been brought home, and the expenses
attending their concentration will not be lost
sight of by the wily negociators of Russia and

property classes.
The trial commenced on a Saturday, and in the
course of the proceedings Mrs. SWINFEN'S counsel,
it is alleged, thought that " a very unfavourable
" impression had been made by what had
`‘ occurred." This led Sir F. THESIGER to com-
municate through Mr. WHITEMORE, his junior,
with Mr. Simesori, Mrs. SWINFEN'S attorney. This
brought about an interview between Sir F.
THESIGER and Mr. SimrsoN, when the former
gentleman urged, that as some compromise was
desirable, it might be well worthy of consideration
whether Mrs. SWINFEN should not accept an annuity
of 1,0001. a year for her life. This proposal Mr.
Simrsori refused at once to make to his client.
Sir F. THESIGER then expressed a wish to see
Mrs. SWINFEN at his lodgings, and a meeting took
place in the course of the same evening (Satur-
day), when the proposal made to Mr. SIMPSON
was repeated, and Mrs: SWINFEN left her
chief legal adviser, requesting that she might be
allowed time to consider the offer. The lady then
left Stafford for her home, having previously
resolved to reject the compromise, and on the
following morning,' (Sunday) she sent a telegra-
phic message to. Sir F. THESIGER to say, " The
offer is refused." This surely was putting a veto
on the power of counsel and attorney to compromise
the cause in their client's name. It appears,
however, that Mr. SIMPSON went to Sir F. THESIGER
at 8 o'clock on the following morning (Monday),

and said that i. something had come to his The gold fields appear inexhaustible. Coal regions.
knowledge which made it extremely desirable that are being daily discovered, and copper, lead,
WA,
the cause should be settled." This seems to have silver are among the latest new productions
is to
:
been quite sufficient for Sir F. THESIGER, who mostly all these colonies. Miners and agricultur..
's message, "The are alike successful, and the case of the latter
thought no more of his client
rewarded for their labours. We
The virgin soil of
offer is refused," for he hastened away to the
most
ATTORNEY GENERAL, and the affair was settled in a all the Australian settlements yields
twinkle. luxuriant crops of grain, and the Pestu.r.
Mrs. SWINFEN was to get an annuity of 10001. a age lands produce cattle and sheep in,
year only Mr. SIIHPSON was to receive 1,2501. great abundance. Again, we hear, by our lo;
costs, notwithstanding that Sir F. THESIGER had advices from New South Wales, that steps a%
his client's final decision in his hands, which was being taken by the respective colonial governtriee',,
grand trun;
binding both on her counsel and attor- for the construction of a series of
ney. Had Mrs. SWINFEN, the pl.aintiff, been railways. When these are completed, the rye.
out of the way while the trial was going sources of the country will be still further do
on had she not been consulted, then even loped, labour will be in greater demand,
and tot
we should not admit that her counsel industrious emigrant certain of finding instfithe
and attorney had a right to compromise the case employment at remunerative wages, whilst a
of their client. But here we had the principal in small tradesman who ventures forth will hale °
a
court ; she was consulted, and did reject, in the most profitable field for capital and the °Orel's
most unqualified terms, the proposal made to her, his trade experience and business habits.
and what right had Sir F. THESIGER to act on the On looking over the last number of the 3001171106
attorney's passing fears when he had his client's Herald which has reached us, we find that wid
peremptory refusal in his hands ? He never called the progress of the colony of Victoria is most
rsPdis.
on Mr. Simpsort to show him his client's authority and unexampled. In addition to the gold iej
for compromising her case, nor had Sir F. coveries, a silver mine had been found at 5 P'areg
THESIGER any ? The last thing he had heard from called Coliban ; and, what will rejoice the ellieu°o-0
Mrs. SWINFEN was, "the offer is refused," and all of these distant lands, a bank of codfish bad bO-ea
that Mr. SIMPSON agreed to, with regard to the nego- discovered within a few hours sail of Afelh°ll'oicl
tiations of counsel, was subject, as it appears by Now, as to employment, married couples Were •P'ork.
his affidavits, to the approval of his client. But ' 751. to 851. per annum, with rations. Theseolio.
in
ration,
there Was no time allowed for further refusal or sisted of 12 lbs. of mutton, 10 lbs. of flour, b: its
consent ; for when Mrs. SWINFEN arrived at of sugar, and -1; lb. of tea, per week. Stock-heeP to
Stafford, on the Monday morning, to hear, as she received 601. to 70/. ; general farm servants, 2O.'er,
thought, the remainder of the trial, she was in- 255. per week, and rations; a thorough female ses,
formed, for the first time, that the whole thing had vant,2s/. to 30/.; housemaids, 20/. to 25/4 laundrestisin,
been settled, and she was to receive a life annuity 281. to 30/. ; and nursemaids, 151. to 201. per s°lltive,
of 1,0001. a year, instead of estates worth 60,0001. At these rates the demand for servants Was acAiog
Mr. SiMpsoN's request—" Will you wait until my a feature of much encouragement to
client comes"—was not enough to arrest the zeal of emigrants. Taking everything into considr(i.titaily .
the learned counsel. The ready acceptance the there is no question but the colonies of 06°40
proposal made on Mrs. SWINFEN'S behalf met, on the hold out strong inducements to all who are disP"stry
opposite side, furnished the most unquestionable to leave their native home and settle there. TedAtioncl
proof, that Mrs. SWINFEN'S assailants were stand- and sobriety are sure to meet their due reward;
ing on their last legs, still all would not do. in the course of a short time, a comparative 1 ijoi
Counsel proceeded to exercise the right now pendence will be the! ecompense of those Vent°
claimed by the bar—namely, " the power of counsel to reside in any one of these colonies. jia on
" and attorney to settle a cause, whether the client We have been led to make these ren3ari, are
" was in court or in France, and irrespective of his glancing over some Emigration returns whif-fatioli
These are the dicta been placed in our hands. Another consiae^roato
in connection with the question is how einigsooo
can best proceed to any one of the Atistr.dratiti
colonies once they have determined to Bml of
of
For years Liverpool has been the favourite P been
departure, and many very fine vessels havesoutli
sent out to all parts of Australasia, Newi, Lod
Wales, Melbourne, Hobart Town, Aucklanuouter
other ports. Foremost among the mail .11 the
prising firms who have been engaged 1,00
Australian trade are Messrs. GIBBS, BBlChildorde&
Co. They are certainly most justly ref' with
as the pioneers of trade and commerce ahipB
Australia. Many, indeed, are their noble Poso
which have sailed forth, all freighted With 11:10a It
beings, to New South Wales and Victoria. °they
is a remarkable fact, which reflects greatly t° ocid
credit, that of the many vessels which have trial.
to and from these colonies under their flag, n° snt d
complaint has yet been preferred as to 1/5-00
passenger accommodation, proper dietary' °tute'
absence of any necessary which could ouutr'coor
either directly or indirectly, to the health or

" presence and instructions

set up by the learned profession in this most
remarkable affair.
But this doctrine is somewhat knew to English-
men. We were not aware that British subjects
forfeited all the Constitutional rights of citizenship,
the moment they entered an attorney's office
handed a brief to counsel—that a freeman was
compelled to sit in a court of justice, like a slave
in the presence of Mr. JUSTICE LYNCH, while his
property, his liberty, or his life, was being bartered
away, or staked on the issue of a trial. The
political and moral instincts of the age are in
favour of allowing the bar the utmost freedom of
speech. The intelligence of the country must not
therefore feel outraged at the extraordinary and
despotic privileges our forensic magnates claim
for their craft ; yet, we confess that we do feel anxious
to hear what the judgment of Mr. JUSTICE CRESS-
WELL and his brother judges will be on this reading
of the prescriptive rights of the bar. If they
decide that coancil and attorney have such powers

in our civil courts, it will be necessary tc

whether they lay claim to the same power

trial of political prisoners and allged criminals ; for
it would be rather a lamentable thing to allow
those who are paid to do what their clients tell
them, and nothing more, to plead guilty to a charge
where the prisoner's innocence would very
naturally prompt him to plead " not guilty." Mrs.
SWINFEN did put in the latter plea in answer to a
charge which, if established by compromise or
otherwise, would have left her under the stigma of
having fabricated a will to possess herself of pro-
perty to which she had no right. There can be no
deeper tinge of moral guilt than this, or one with
which the law should deal more severely ; and are
we to be told that the bar can do as they please in
such cases with both the character and substance
of their clients ? Is Mrs. SWINFEN to be sent to
prison and deprived of her liberty es well as her legal
rights to property, because Sir F. THESIGER chose
to act for her " irrespective of her instructions?'
The issue is in the hands of the Judges, and we
shall not fail to give that publicity to their decision
which the welfare of society so imperatively
demands.

bba'
We observe that on the 15th inst. Messrs. Gila
Bright and Co., send forth another of their "!$/sbe
Line" of Australian Packets—the Colurnbis't
is a noble vessel, well-moulded, stronglY bull"
tied
of great capacity. Her between decks are opal
lofty, and the means adopted for securing P-0100.
\ventilation, are, without exaggeration, f
th' firs,il oiptt-
e have made a cursory inspection o•
V
examined her passenger arrangements and auPPOI
ments, and are satisfied that they are of
alth
description. Everything that can secure -13 110
happiness and comfort upon the 0130 re (101
been studied and adopted. The ectOk'tjiag
partment will be a complete model, and acc;ol3l4
to the well known and invariable rule of tb6; sbas:
antprovisions of all kinds, good in quality OW
din quantity, will be put on board. far 00
man of high repute is engaged for the Pass:sriael
that the Columbia will start fitted uP and
with everything that the most fastidi°llh-oilt,
desire. But the ship may be strong] Y '000:
great sailing power, the passenger aeeerctorstit;
may be good, and the creature comforts ji-ntiag
and excellent, still another requisite is Wt:-geani;
secure, as far as human foresight ani
ieasa
can provide, a quick, a safe, and a trtair
voyage—namely, a first rate cono67ie
this respect, the Columbia will have el.:01,11;g
her captain, who possesses great nautical optira,
had
extensive experience as a navigator
of the world ; added to which he is , eAt v
amiable in his deportment. A single gitjrntl3oo'
countenance at once tells the behell_e,,, of
Captain Clarke, there is a total abseu"- obno,
blustering bravado, which but too °Et,fribel
tenses the ocean-going captain• tb-
'
see in him a firm determination t" tb ao -
0
duty, hut, at the same time, whilst" rgo,; y
discharge of that duty, he will nevet1:010:01)(1
exercise of benevolence and true cafe -pa
towards all who may be committed t° Pn- 00%0
keeping. In a word, the Columbia is c:v Mst:o.tir
by a mariner who, in addition to linistliak
qualifications as such, combines those " npiAt'
man, the christian, and the philantlittillinge coo'
understand that the Columbia is fs9',,s itito,A-ot6
and. when we take the foregoing ftl°: suontso
sideration, it is but reasonable that OP
-
• Both the owners, the ship, glicl.,t,,boert.
are worthy of every confidence and stir'

fort of the most humble emigrant.

THE recent advices from Australia afford much
encouragement, both as regards the rapid progress
of the several colonies and the vast field which

continues to open up for our redundant population.
The reports from the gold mining districts of New
South Wales and Victoria continue of the most
favourable and satisfactory character, whilst the
settlers of Tasmania are all on the alert, and " off
to the Diggings" is the order of the day. South
Australia and New Zealand, too, offer advantages of
no ordinary character to all persons who are deter-
mined to observe a life of industry and sobriety. The
emigrant who contemplates leaving his native land,
and seeking in another country a living and a
home, has to consider a variety of questions, each
of which are intimately connected with the other.
The topics to which we refer are climate, soil, and
its capabilities of production, the natural resources
of the country, its trade and commerce, extent and
character of population, &c., &c. Now, if we con-
template the several Australian colonies as regards
any one of these subjects, we must admit that,
in no other quarter of the entire globe,
are the inducements to emigrate so great
so real, and so likely to reward the steady and per-
severing emigrant. He may go to the far west,
settle down in the prosperous Canadas, or proceed
to the go-a-head country of the United States.
Yea, more—he may wander on to the Brazils, or
California, but each and all of
thee, places, not-
withstanding their many advanaghave drawe
backs of a somewhat serious character, so that the
British emigrant has to contend with difficulties,
for which, in most instances, he is not prepared.
Foremost among these drawbacks is that of
climate. In Canada and the United States,
the severity of the winters and the burning suns
of the summer, are most trying to unaclimatisod
settlers; and, although labour is well rewarded,
the uncertainty of health, and the risks of fever
and ague, often and very reasonably deter many
people from seeking a home in the "Federal Union,"
or the British American provinces. The same
remark applies to other countries. Australia
is an exception. In New South Wales, in
Victoria, and South Australia, in New Zealand
and Tasmania, the English, the Irish, and the
Scotch emigrant finds a climate nearly simi-
lar to that of his native land. He lives under
a clear blue sky, in a country now famed for the
richness of its productions, and fertility of soil.

E MAIL SERVICE'

fr
sailea 8m

fax. She carried a— 1 a
rsghei
the usual weeklyg Steam p
tacehnnoeTdtmehAf PBss 00
French manufactures. The Dtliti°' Oa ° 0
informshtneilne make
usar
arrangements
that
enamoeunatitlss,faolnradsetsa,ntfurfoubncilbiDescebroralisrsocif:oo,3:ll:ifilittlie.l4:l,
sow 6
nesday cote," ni, til
, i,erpo. ~i,
next. One
sail
ofofrouNrloYnodrokildirect Aritrie
" Messes. Wltr.er, of I) ' cooprAi
managers of the the wail/
Igt fe Of
have been in Southampton within the Jii- itgeiltro
Royal Mailcoalesced, Ste
recently
ut connection with the EuroPe,,,al/Lani, OS
Tian
carrying
which association the Guna uo7retTeolli 0
u,0—„iii,,.,„051
purposes 0' -Bet. ' to
for the Navigated
foile/00,
out the Australian mail ooll.tri
expected great extension of trade wild colda tO
Southampton from the fact of the Duna „Oiled,
whose operations have hitherto beenA -"vote 'arti'
Liverpool, having determined to utpelace, P'l.oll
attention to the steam traffic of tl3lB,,,ricatilli,ellbt4
cularly in reference to additional oc"--„,03, `',)
with India, China, and the IVlediterro°, Oat:
we understand is their intention to earrJ .
rsiFepteorißrieess nole:
Royal
a onlM
Saturdayai
I

CAN AD A•
1)E111.8t night the Montreal ocean steamshipco-
-44? v raessel Canadian, Captain Ballantine, which
tera-„,fretn Quebec on the 22d ult, entered the
b The Canadian has had a rather stormy
titete 6e, but throughout she maintained her chai
ter arras a really seaworthy boat, and fit to encoun
11attaiR gale. She brings 105 passengers, the
f
Britishenadian mails, and a large general cargo o
111.4 t„t, North American produce.
advices which have reached us by this
itt) a ' cannot find any intelligence of the least
-orta
!lee.
\vetel4 Politics there was a perfect lull. All parties
Vinci Wlititlng anxiously for the time when the pro-
attacZ Parliament would assemble ; and if we can
krii,teredit to the journals on the side of the
,416-7, several measures of much importance
4tiad:f.'l,lltroduced by the Government. On the other.
ttmi,"",,e Papers opposed to tbe present Cab nedt
-;`e'l that a Ministerial crisis was at hand, an
Into th-re Along, some new blood must be infused
s,Nst,-°e LE „.4chninistration if it was possible for it to
eQd, the result of the late election for
t° glqative Council had induced many parties
, ptie,pet that a general election would take place.
te attention was still directed to the crimp-
-I:ete:"btr,elll, but it was evident that the Government
h5.13'3%,-"lit to adopt effectual steps to put an end to
,_‘"(lit ea"' at once horrible in its consequences, and
44, 'etestable to the feelings of every honest
the
take banquet to Mr, Allen, of Montreal, of
Ocean Steam-ship Company, had
ttCl4OO. It was well attended, and passed off
a
1.,Deee14.11.,,e” eclat. The hon. gentleman madec
11113,1„, Much ability, and showed that the orn
qllpCaB determined to render the line of steami
tiaciWi,ittll which he was connected, useful to the
F a Public from the punctuality and rapidity
The 1.,r Passages
siness
‘season at Quebec might be said to
411.°4P e
erZrelY closed. The year 1856 was rather a
Lgit's one and from the extension of railways,
more extensive trade was expected in 1857.
'tIGN INTELLIGENCE

FRANCE.
(VROJI OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
IIePARIS, FRIDAY EVENING.
aftn. g
that the government has this day received
;1,11,4 til;ttbe suppression of the Sicilian insurrection,
hip Y
• bod t Was effected with scarcely any difficulty
" troops only 800 strong. The town in
N
Utbreak commenced, Cephala, was im-
4rh CnZ 0
°eeupied by the King's forces. This
tillteidgl to me from a good source, and will, I
'404; a es
appear in the Moniteur of to-morrow
th„ •
ti
klte
1)
11 ei%rie of this evening takes pains to assure
*,"iitte„le. press that it and its colleagues does
Med. to crow over England at having been
l'o,4gres °l.l the question of the convocation of the
joh-e, and it expresses surprise that any Eng _
doh
'tnab; could have supposed it capable of
ORlieji°' The Patrie is really too kind. Whatd
(the 'llan thinks that England has been defeated
it Itvtlatter?
On the contrary, they know per-
ky.ellAed that their government has triumphed in
.1)(/,**-11-teh (as, by the way, the Patrie must
1,4:) is the universal opinion of Paris, even
Vesidg. the Russian faction itself.
the city to a Dresden despatch the Journal of
la it p"). Says that England and Austria will carry
1t
Ilt(tint about Bolgrad in consequence of Eng-
-4.,11.e ng gained over Sardinia.
67, Peror of Austria, by a decree dated the
liClheti."'i promulgated at Venice, removes the
eL(i dyes of the property of the Lombard refugees,
-"ien,1%.8 a complete amnesty to ninety persons
I,..Theled for high treason.
I;t%lat:'llatrian government has prohibitedthoef
ii°ll of the Russian paper, the Nord
its
1111 e in all its territory, in consequence of
g at
tgi4tiak, a
preodoftlioef Etmleperor. This sit is remar I-
I very unfriendly relations
tt between Austria and Russia.
NA'
A 0 tea,
41;41 hat take the following from another source:
the the'', has transpired of news from Naples is,
%-`1 448urrection in Sicily was more seriousl.tan
di^ ern 311PPosed. The silence of the Neapo
Oltrbn‘uent would lead us to suspect so, as,. ift thed
ileees Were suppressed, King Fercimant
11111:‘,°110, 41;eleen too glad to announce the fact to
hehLgov rh'll official quarters here, it is stated that
Illth.,encee47ent is not li.kely. to
.have any serious con-
tion,'Pl'es4,o,,, and that it will, in all probability be
14 The Moniteur will probably say
rho ltee-K about it to-morrow. In the meantime
tWil that General Nunziante is the officer
\l'llot -
th:ell Sent from Palermo by General Zola
N-' de Insurgents.
k,ll,f.gatzfeldt, the Prussian Minister to the
tile Tuileries, arrives to-night from
tli% • It
111 41111., Was believed that the young Prince of
e ~,(411d visit Paris about the same time. He
0.3t-ect,ed, however, so soon ; probably no
lql4is4r tlilveet or two. He will not rem.llaitnakheeurpe
esicl4.ll eight or ten days, and he will etlee at At least
W. tit, the Prussian Embassy.
Ith I,° Present arrangement.
1,111%4:1t SayePetn to the question of Neufchatel, I.
'‘11)- b that the hopes of an amicable ariange
IR giek eara at tl •- moment very sanguine. The
411,° 'kill 'Le be desirous of a compromise ; that
,‘ll. Nice net refuse to negociate with the
.Federal.
Nt4B ellt, but on the indispensable condition
thisPrviells
.liberation of the prisoners.
4.'s the point on which the Federal
'll5 claeshe il" seems to be most tenacious.
14, eoh fire '"°11 is likely to be brought before
tb
I‘4
"ti t s'S' and the Prussians apprehend
tkil;°,.t4e-tirettr,l the prisoners will take place before
'lces begin, and their fate decided, so
ittb"tlih-tst be taken as a fait accompli. The
ll°. w very decided on the matter, and
isvvtli not comply with the preliminary
‘VttilttLll4 iNvril4r,,ich Prussia thinks so necessary to her
ghul)olvilreerrnany, as also to prove to Europe
at berfui has perhaps doubted, that
isshe is still
c),Neirttesi-11't independaut State, it though
Oetl,atel:lll,_ t.roeps will next spring march on
t`e ° 1 414 Qt occupy Schaffhausen. Prussian
4 act eave •
a 2 told in Paris speak very confidently.. of
1,11%141,,ty.1tt0 tttlether
41.0 expectation of receiving from.
torder to return to their
to d '?ttr haed a fine opportunity during
Ittcle With Russia of proving her power
the 401., Deride it is safer
111.4 11,!a that nee ; but I suppose
14.701 ith Problem with a secondary. .Statet
ore - Powerful empire. The King is a
l'tp44lli:rer,fellatlTt3l:rodetermined ;—whether. his. firm.s-
ikre 14estion
to hold out till the spring i
r of 4,0 2_ Which time only can solve. The
kin til"' French was asked by both parties
hiEtttiti% of and the autograph letter from
which M. IT tzfeldt was the bearer to
I, (Is related a subject. The Emperor,
tlek; to the same ged cr
of standing well with all parties,
itttiltlll,44,ttliettPailr
tod during the ia•encentvisit
engagementof Gen.with
41 • •
42111leeeligil. Promising his good offices to both
he Which 1,
t es e has fulfilled. These good offices
b° 'Nit Yet Produced the desired result.
ti men al ltilf,the Young Prince of Prussia, thoNuvgeh.-
tlie not gutless will no doubt be made l
Y &101 l all that was expected. It was at oned ite Rut tb
.Are,„ -tat the Tuileries would be honoured
'N-I.lll.W.Witlckee
the Prince of Prussia and others
• that""`Y Part, were going on for some time
:ktille,g, po!l.)Aect. The King, however, without.r
'44-' to 'l"ve refusal, showed some disin.c I b acee
'kN'e elle Pt the hospitality intended for him,
t•
tilitty*he Itv•e the matter dropped. If we cannot
it et thi
41% be 4, we must put up with the second or
• RtnclYal /3,g-----the Prince. In the meantime,
‘tveh'tlti b Natte'ss may not be sorry to knowillthhaet
4.4 In Olt and dramatic performance w.
din 18 Cltlp honour at the Palace of the Tu.ileerie.sn.
of ti:vas given yesterday fat the Palace 4tiN a _e Russian Ambassador, and in the
The ns „,reeePtion was held, at which several
•vere
vtlfe 'oth is Presented by Count Kisseleff.
tehee ePoken of for the opening of the
8, Yet I doubt whether any precise date

is fixed. The instructions of the Sublime Porte will
have to be waited for, and the Sublime Porte is
never very active or very punctual. The members
of the Conferences will very probably be the ordi-
nary resident ministers of the different courts
interested, without the extraordinary envoys.
Whether an exception will be made in favour of
Turkey, as is supposed, I cannot say.
The Bank of France is improving ; its metallic
reserve is daily on the increase, and it is expected
that the returns of Friday next will show an aug-
mentation of 70,000,000 over the last.

The Messager de Bayonne, of the 4th, says :
" The treaty of delimitation for the frontier between
France and Spain, prepared by the International
Commission, which held its sittings in this city,
has just been signed at Madrid. M. de Dalcat,
secretary of the French portion of the commission,
left Bayonne yesterday, for Paris, with the treaty."
The receipts of the Orleans Railway during the
week ended on the 24th ultimo were 1,150,530 f, or
132,191 f less than in 1856. The gross receipts since
the Ist January amounted to 46,756,544 f, being a
difference in favour of 1855 of 1,106,026 f.

AUSTRIA.

VIENNA, DEC. 2.

In my letter of yesterday it was observed that
this Cabinet had probably proposed to the British
Government to agree to the resumption of the
Paris Conferences but some information, which I
have since acquired, induces me to believe that the
very reverse was the case. As has already been
stated, the Bolgrad question is not definitively
settled, but the new town of the same name will be
ceded to Moldavia, unless the French Government
has pledged itself to Russia that such shall not be
the case. At the first sitting of the Conference, the
representatives of England and Austria will demand
that the map of Bessarabia, used on the Bth and
10th of March, be produced, and when it is on the
table the representatives of Russia and France will
be asked to point out the Bolgrad alluded to in
the following paragraph of Article 20 of the Treaty
of Peace :—" The new frontier shall begin at the
Black Sea, at one kilometre to the east of the lake
of Bourna Sola, shall join the Ackerman road in a
straight (perpendicular) line, shall follow that road
as far as the valley of Trojan, shall pass to the south
of Bolgrad, shall run along the Yalpuck river up to
Saratsiva, and shall terminate at Kotanori on the
Pruth."

On the map used by the Conference on the Bth
and 10th of March, 1856, there is but one Bolgrad
marked, and it is on the Ackermann road, about five
kilometres to the north of the lake of Yalpuck.
On a German map,which was copied from a Russian
original, the Bolgrad just alluded to is thus marked,
" Tabak czantynic Belgrade." Of a second place of
the same name, lying close to the north east extremity
of the Lake of Yalpuck—which place is so unjustly
claimed by Russia—there is no trace. If M. de
Walewski was previously informed by Couut Orloff
that Russia meant by Bolgrad a town which was not
marked on the map, he certainly did not communi
cate the fact to Baron de Bourqueney, for when the
Frontier Commission began its operations that dip-
lomatist did not know that there was a new Bolgrad.
If the information given me be correct—and it pro-
bably is so—it has been already settled what sub-
jects are to be discussed by the Conference. Each
Government will be represented by its resident
diplomatic agent, and it is well that such is to be the
case, for some of the Ambassadors Extraordinary
proved last spring that they were not " up" to their
work. The person who furnished me with the
foregoing information was either unable or unwill-
ing .to say when the Conferences were to begin.
It has been snowing without intermission during
a whole week, and we have telegraphic intelligence
that almost all the roads to the east of this city
(excepting the railroads) are impracticable. Even
here such vast masses of snow have been accumu-
lated in the streets that the communication has,
for the last few days, been greatly impeded.
Yesterday an officer stated that the snow which
had fallen in ono night on the top of a sentry-
box that was sheltered from the wind was above
two feet and a half deep. It has been observed in
Austria that when there has been plenty of " winter
moisture" (snow), the crops have almost always been
good.
Since the Emperor and Empress have been at
Venice they have visited many of the public esta-
blishments, and among the rest the famous arsenal,
which has been much improved within the last few
years. The greater part of Saturday, the 29th
November, was passed by their Majesties in giving
audiences, and on the following day the official
Gazzetta de Venezia announced that the communities
of Ventice, Burano, Malamaco, Murano, and Peles-
trina would not be obliged to pay 13,052,800 livres
which they owed to the state. The debt dates from
the years 1848 and 1849, and the five communities
were mulcted in the sum mentioned in order that
the paper money which had been issued by Marlin
during the revolution might be converted into
Treasury Mills. As no Milan nobile was willing to
accept the office of podesta (burgomaster), M.
Giuseppe Sebregondi, formerly Podesta of Como,
has been nominated by the Emperor. On the 25th
of last month the official Weiner Z eitung contained
an ordinance, signed by the Ministers of the Inte-
rior, of Justice, and of Finances. After having read
the Ministerial rescript several times, without
being able to discover its sense, I laid it aside, but
it is now necessary to return to it, as a person
learned in the law has explained what the thing
means. When villenage and soccage were abol-
ished, the landed proprietors received as indemni-
fication for their loss so-called " Grund Entlas-
sungs Obligationen" (Indemnification Bonds) ;
and on the above mentioned date it was decreed
that the persons who had mortgages on the
estates of the landed proprietors in Hungary,
Crotia, Slavonia, and in the Banat and Servian
Voivodina, should be bound to take in payment of
their demands indemnification bonds at par. Now,
when the ordinance appeared, the Hungarian
" Grund-Entlassungs Obligationen" were at 78. It
occurs to me that in the year 1848 there was an
almost similar measure in France ! When there
was such a run on the French savings-banks, the
unfortunate creditors of those institutions were
obliged to take Three per Cent Government Stock
at par as payment. If my memory does not deceive
me the Three per Cent Rente was at the time
quoted on 'Change at 48 or 50.
The Oesterriechisehe Correspondent has officially
announced the entire prohibition of the Nord. A
German paper, the Telegraph, learns that the
bankers Salzoni, Lochner, and Co., of Smyrna, have
received orders to give Admiral Behrends and some
other Russian naval commanders credit to the
amount of X 45,000. The Smyrna firm is to reim-
burse itself by drawing on the house of Baring, of
London. Admiral Behrends is the commander of
the Russian squadron now at Cherbourg. Naturally
no guarantee can be given for the correctness of
this news.

TIIE BALTIC.

HAMBURG, DEC. 3:

Among the many steam navigation companies
now being formed in various parts of the north of
Europe may be noticed one formed in Copenhagen,
in the spring of the present year, to establish a line
of steamers between that city, London, Hull, and
Leith. To this end the directors have given orders
to the firm of Messrs. James Henderson and Co.,
of Glasgow, to build for them three large screw
boats of 60 horse power each, and to carry a cargo
of 350 tons heavy weight of goods, or about 3,000
tonnen of grain, and to be so constructed that they
will be capable of withstanding any sea in heavy
weather, and to enter into any of the small ports
along the coast from their light draught of water. It
is fully expected that these vessels will be ready to
enable the company to commence running them at
the commencement of the ensuing season in 1857.
Their length of keel will be about 160 feet, and,
with a breadth of 23 feet, they will not, with a full
cargo, draw more than 10 feet depth of water ; and
for the convenience of running into the ports on
the coast of Jutland and other parts of the Danish
dominions, they will be provided with an apparatus
to supply them with water as ballast also. The
first of these screws will be named after the late
meritorious State Councillor (L. M. Heidt), whose