The Express.
London, England, 1850-05-21 00:00:00

LONDON. ITISSDAT, MAY 21.

luau is one point in Freest& contemporary history
to which we have before alluded, but to which we
beg strongly to direct the attetties of oar conserve-
tire and our landed politician'. It is that the great
element of modern trouble and anarchy, socialism, or
socialism in a subversive sense, has taken far deeper
root and wider extension in the agricultural
classes and districts than in the manufacturing
ones. The &are of our retrogrades in and out
of parliament are evidently directed to the con-
glomeration of operatives and to the "rest maw
boturing population in certain districts. Whilst
some tones would gladly check the extension
of such a class, and others would neutralise their
power, by setting master and operative at variance,
and conciliate the latter at the expense of the former,
the conservatives entertain no fear of the agricultural
population, however houseless and nomads, provided
they can keep them from the subversive effects of
secular education.
A glance over the sever"! provinces sod depart-
ments of France might afford an useful lemon to gen-
tlemen who entertain these views. The portion of
France which has most developed its industry, which
has most capital, most manufactories, and which con-
sequently has the largest non-agricultural and middle
class, is what we may describe "'the external division
of France,the provinces that lie rather on the northern
frontier, or on the ocean, being thereby open to trade
and adventure, to movement and commerce. All
these provinces, without an exception, have returned
members to the conservative majority of the National
Assembly.' If there be a place in France that resem-
bles Manchester and our manufacturing districts, it
is Lille, Roubaix, and the region round. Here,
however, the socialists are in a minority, whilst in
the rich • and stirring ports of the west they
are still less apparent or dangerous as a party.
Leave theme maritime and industrial districts, and
penetrate into the rarely agricultural ones of the in-
terior, into the Crewe. the Cher, the Upper Saone and
Loire, and you will find the electors red republican to
a man. It matters not whether the country be so
subdivided as in Alsace, which averages properties of
an acre and a half, or in the Cher, where they are
of an average of six acre*, it is ell the same. Is
these stagnant districts, where after all there exist
numbers of pi:matey squires, where university educa-
tion has never penetrated. and where the good and
ignorant cures have bad the world of ideas alto them-
selves, her. shake the urn and send round the bal-
lot-box, and yes will get nee but the socialist and
democratic republicans returned.
We own the great exceptions to this rule in the
cases of Lyons and of Paris—that of Lyons, with its
deep and long dated schism between masters and
workmen, would require and can receive a long ex-
planation. The inveteracy of the lower orders in
Paris is also in part owing to the memory of past
struggles, and to what they consider faithless treat-
ment. Conquerors of the military force in two great
battles, to which they received the word and the ex-
=pie to rise from the close above them • not only
deprived of all reward alter both, bat actually perse-
cuted and treated like wild beasts—a peculiar feeling
of vengeance and retaliation has been created, with
which the principles on either side have little to do.
But even in Paris the spirit of the masses derives
some of its impatience of superiority from their
rural education. The hewers of wood and drawers
of water form a very large proportion of the lower
clam of Parisians, and these are peasantry from the
country, nothing else. These flock to the capital, too,
from the poorer, and what are represented ail the
most regnant agricultural districts, where the seeds
of communism exist, and where they have been
most abundantly developed.
Another consideration is, that the army is chiefly
recruited from these districts. The young conscripts of
the north and west have families rich enough in general
to purchase them substitute.. The young conscripts of
the east and centre must march when they draw a bed
number • and when they draw a number that ex-
empts, their provisos has oo little activity, or capital,
or resource., that they gladly take a price to enter the
army as a temp/occult
Socialism is a wide and a vague word, and, se at
present used and avowed in Fresco includes a great
diversity of temper, principles, and aims. There is
the socialism of philanthropy, and of intelligence
there is the socialism of faction and turbulence, the:
socialism of envy and of ignorance. It is the last
that strikes us as the most dangerous ; indeed, as the
only dangerous; and it is precisely this kind which
is developing itself in remote agricultural popula-
tions, not merely of France, but of Germany, and of
the Sclavonio countries. _ _

Wherever it springs up, however, we feel confident
that with one weapon alone can it be eel-
dandy and safely clinbated, and that is,
with intelligence and reason, with fairness,
and education. Repression, baps"; proscription,
oeneorabip, the sending writers to prison, and depriv•
ing printers of their presees7thess modes, now in
full use by M. CAILLIEZ in Paris, apparently the true
and only French minister of the day—are precisely
the ways most calculated to increase and embitter
socialism, to put right on its side, to make it a reli-
jot, and its victims martyrs. To attempt to put
down the socialism of the great towns by the sabre
of the pollee, and by exclusion from the electoral
law, is about as wise as the effort to put down rural
socialism by rendering the curate and the friar
supreme masters of education. In both cases it is
aggravating the ill, not coring it.
However, it is not so much for France and French-

men that we undertook to write these few words, as
for Englishmen. And our intent was to show that
socialism, at least all that is subversive sad da=
in socialism, was in truth not as intellectual
to be feared amongst the manufacturers, but amongst
the agricultural classes; that it proceeded sot
by any means from agglomeration of capital
and of the labour that it employed, but
that, on the contrary, the ill was chiefly indige-
nous in poor, remote, and stationary districts. More-
over, that it by no means was that madness which
proceeds from too mach learning, but from too little;
that it was bred by ignorance, sad became more
deeply foetal in ignorance ; and that it throve won-
derfully in the midst of exclusively religious intim-
tion, whilst in districts of the greatest amount of
secular edscatioa and enlightenment, u in the north
of Frame, than socialism utterly failed to take any
root whatever.

A case illustrative of the thousand sod one ways
in which the present law of settlement acts harshly
towards the poor, cad injuriously to the interests of
all concerned, came, a few days back, under the notice
of the Court of Queen's Bona. The case was Gus in
which two parishes comprehended within the same
union got involved in the meshes of litigation on a
question respecting the maistenance of some paupers.
It appears that an order of justices had been issued
in St. Stephen's, near &hash, foe the removal ot
certain paupers to the parish of Boters-Fleming,
which was ascertaioed to be that of their settlement.
The churchwardens and overseers of the latter parish
bei. unwilling to Meer the espesee of the removal,
made overtures to the churn hwardeas and overseers
of the former, which resulted in an arrangement to
the effect that, if the paupers were permitted'
to remain where they were, Boum-Fleming
would indemnify Si. Stephen's against the
exposes of their madames. The parish of St.
Stephen's performed its part of the agr t, bat
the other retuned to perform its part by paying the
stipulated indemnity. Aa motion was therefor*
brought for the recovery of the rum due, which action
was foasded epos the agreement. The defendanti
demurred to the tisclaratia, on the double grotto,'
that the eirouseat Ina void is Week al a inMalat

consideration, and that, without
sideration, it was void oaths• r-
illegality relied epee was '
__phase's tad no power to
an order of thejesticeer be
objestion, both ea this seers
esmidsrat ice-
_TM arrangeosem=f-
-tie avoid • doable
settlement. One of the r
__
expires@ to which -the --t asp trail,. sableet
it, ,?ad . the odor. pinapr,..llllo - - to
remain on lid* faarlatesC • Int, in
maintaining them, on the- that
each a course would save expense sad next, that it
might be more to the prospective, if sot the immediate,
advantage of the paupers themselves, that they Mould
be allowed to remain. Bat what hes hem malty
ilemosece lif died by all thief An expessive lawn% awl a owl
to the state of things which liredneed the
listate. Boters-Fleming was, at the time, saved the
mews of removal, but it has now to pay the oasts of
the adios. In addition to this it will hate, if it has
net already bad, to bear the very express why II
originally sought to avoid ; for if the paupers mese
and have not been already removed late the
=of their settlement, it is likely that they will
way speedily be es; and whatever advantage nigM
have accrued to them from remaining will he, If It
has not already been, lost to them.
We do not pretend to my that the lawsuit, with all
its attendant disadvantages, was the necessary cones-
=of this agreement. The additional insonve-
to which it may subject the parish of Bofors-
Flaming, are to be attributed solely to its own
churlishness in departing from its engagement
What we object to is the continuance of the system,
the mischiefs and burdens of which the agreement
was intended to avoid. It was an agreement which,
sager existing circumstances, woula have benefited
twe of the parties concerned, without injuring the
third. But the third party was not compelled to
eater into it, and might, bad it seen fit, have executed
the order of removal, by at owe flinging the
upon the parish of their settlement. En
done so, it would have driven them from
• place in which there was a prospect
that some of them at least might find employment,
and cease to be a burden upon the rates, to one where
there was little chance of their ever emerging from
the rank of paupers. The is what it would have
been upheld in doing by the lhw of settlement—a
law which, in innumerable ways, operates to private
injury and public detriment. It is true, that ander
the recent decision, it only sanctions, without eejoin-
ing, the removal, the court having decided that a
justices' order in such a cue is onlv a means resorted
to by • parish for its own protection, of which it
may, but is not bound, to avail itself. But it is cigar
that each pariah will. when necessary, avail itself of
it, unless it is protected in some other way, such as
the* indicated by the arrangement in questioo. In
=My instances the alternative proteotioa is
gaaraatoed, and actually extended to the
pod*, which consents to keep its summery
=of removal in abeyance, and a need-
penes is thus saved to the parish of settlement.
Bat instances are constantly occurring in which this
knot so ; and, taking the country generally, the cost
of transferring paupers from the scene of their intru-
des to the parish of their settlement forms no inconsi-
derable item of our local expenditure. Whilst it thus
entails great expense, the system is ore which inter-
rupts the free circulation of labour, thus preventing
the poor man from reeking for the most profitable in-
vestment of that which is his (sly capital. It also
perpetuates that anomalous state of things which,
u regards population, gins rise in centimes pa-
rishes to the opposite phenomena of osasseds• and
depletion, masoning an inequality of cinsesimes
and condition, as respects the poor, the ondatesames
of which is is contrary to sound policy as it is hoes-
@latent with every feeling of humanity.
The obvious remedy for the evil is the 'mincemeat
of the area both of settlement and taxation. But it
may be objected that a union settlemsot would not
get rid of the evil, as it is one which is inseparable
from the very system of settlement. Granting this,
it is sufficient to say that it would greatly mitigate
the evil. The whole system of the poor law, with all
its attendant circumstances, is but one monster evil,
to which we mast at palmist submit. It is a ...-
promise with the greatest of err Kohl difiloultimor•
the black mail which pepsins lutes sp. .0.1.1.
Sound policy suggests that we almalil emit It of
every thing that savours of easeeemortbudalp.

sentaiivse
6sreeftd irt waseably for -the prelona.
tax by departmot ; thermos. and wool population
of the tows. when the personal sad moveable eon-
dugout is paid wholly or in pert by the saunicipal
*beet; sad lastly the statenasst of*. ember of per-
sons isscribed en the roll of contributions in service
to the roads, es d what would be sailed ia .Begiaati
the highway duty.
The nuarbm of electors in May. 1849, amount. to
036,000; the Dumber of voters t 06,766,000; the now
ber of person. liable to the personal sad inevealsia
tax, to 6,701,000; the tumble of mew Mk.*
highway duty 4,328,000.
Illations: bed freer these data
amber of those el* Quirealasehised by the govern...ph
electoral bill world ainoust to 41 red
numbers mohalf of the *listen.

The National says: " A npart prevailed last night
that there would be as outbreak to-day (Monday)."
W. moot Wait each a rumour. A manifestation
of any kind can only be made by atom proooostairs.
The people protests by covering with signatures the,
petitions against the law of the 17th, amended by M.
Leon Faucher_.
M. Alms Buse was arrested yesterday morning,
at 6 o'clock, at hie lodging at Paris, which was sub-
jected at the same time to a rigorous smelt by the
polies.
M. Curette was arrested yesterday, at Borine,
on the road to St. Cloud. His house was searched by
the police, bat nothing was found to incriminate him.
The papers are tilled with seizures of journals, pro-
secutions of editors, dismissal of liberal functionaries,
arrests and imprisonments.
In consequenos of yesterday being the festival of
Whitsunday, very few of the papers have appeared
this morning.
• Gemara Baragnay d'Hilliers is arrived in Paris.

Yor Assount

rAils, MAT 30.

Far
Masay.

U N
NN

~.ag aighort. t—
_
8 pat Oat& ga so SS 0 53 SO 33 II
6 per Cins. is 50 hSO 10 SS GO SS 10
5 do. New Lon „ N “ .•
40 pm .Is SO .•
6 par Omits. Onto ,. „
Sasholog• as loairo : alligh.t, Id SS; 110 416713 6 .
Se r. 6, 1640 WI gory. I lavills Roam 11.
NU 971 . RAMO LOSS 10 O
Do.m.
„
„ fl Bodo— go „
Piorlierst 5 par Casts 44 0 . Doak Sharer
Roam—et.Cietsais, 333; imams (right bank). 153 ; Ditto
(left
up.tenk), 132 50; tars sad Orissa, 710; Paris sad Stamen. HO ;
gad Hass, • Miriam sod Idarovilloo. • Vafararg
and We, 103; Orloaai aad Vinson, 322 60; Wads: med. Bor.
clesni, 387 10; Northam 415 75; Paris aisd Strasbourg. 610;
Tours out MEP% 11l 13; Ilabraaa sod Troyal, 93 30.

.44AT10 DOCUMWITS.
„(No. 1.)
1.)
earws TO N. DI worrirsoor.
Park, tea 1,11160.
oaldoised a copy of a -aospetch
yesterday from the «may of TIMM
the detailed veinal of the nor
ease, At.thaa
or
01 2211 ft=
will=sifoo• if 4,1=M4.2416-190. apZsgs waft.isedi=
Alb no delay of twisty-fora ins% *Mlb wee siterwerds
eallaiM to tort eight been, to prounders nide ft kedges
efashitely ill (wiled. Mr. Wyea ea 1k pen. 1.. set
eion she nedletka offend by the begone' of lessee
sad Saida sod hoe *ailed t. Mee eehloot 6 /diem that,
peysti .slit', it will on be !welled is Senna shin et
war is rests et esa ea loteedbilea whisk sea hardly be
loterproted otherwise them no Sent te odes then. Sub
aim is this was era eemplealy unkreeess sot to have
seemed se e greet sod *alai ookinea lard Nereneby,
who did en expeet it say sun than we did, Indio' it to be
oat of lib power to give say lakneaties Ito se strange as
mat, I beg of yea to eat of Lad Palmerston if tine bee
an bola essay aboodenseadlog is .11 this, U the British
erns brfe posently 'iodinated their lastreetion, sad if
they have wet pas beysad the Wanks* of their gonna-
- nest.—Leeept, sir, Ito Di LA Brno.
P.S. I authorise yea le reed the prima draws& Is Leal
Palaserstea.

(No. 2.)
r, ON/Jtoll D'APPAIUS AT LONDOS, TO

ileithis
told us

els Mt staged ie
ye
•

a * reeepara of your letter,
had already bop anal to
deal Parker, to Lama them of
la direst then v.aq.ad the
tt, Lord Neneaatry alma hare
eaareassee to Na the

Weristaseireitaliltilfaiii-iisei es—
* most eitilestly stop the attack protested whist the
• Illoploase. My prevlooe coaveemaisa 1011118 las ao
aIIPMLMAIML...I laza therdeauddsd as=
Aida oft ell* you had approved, bet I have
was that plat iosibiatally is a private/Mtn whisk I hays
last seat to that mlaistir ',Moak hi. for the modlissiisas
whisk-he Yee sseiksiatha histamine is the Begliaiftome
h. (hens, ea (sr es regal* ea geissalary skims sad the is-
leads
alas yourse. Tea will se desk
;da sitaid
Niethla eelt prayer, Genital, to ex-
lf else with d by.
11.44/111•11. to . Daogya an Ladle.
(No. 7.)

- •
• ,e- 4t...
without ref .; MM - .: .
044beit. '&2'6o :OM Iv t, aranicsx.Dikim
1 the more of , , IC • . L. *
in tint the • 'll- `ll .of
......r- I _ ,, (11,- .4 h,„ ' 'l2 • (75
to veto a •
..., th, 1 . youte4 Om abase= eercree
bat ' .eisaiculel '
cm and on • of avast ' ' B Thos, in Tr. 'Afr.—T Nil& itio. mad
lag on 1... I ,_ alike I received paella]
cot which wan catered into aid ("Ife4" "1° tabs. of the II" se- Athoor, mad whisk ssotatao
of „ling has thi iiii, a scribed and ot voisteor the-go_reni...a...a
theetifispr-mwowiteA= Viotti
pariahs. wished to avoid tho 1"9 1.11" &stall the am --,,,z7ZiajaCt mat to wady awn Peel
. ____., __...__. contains _