The Express.
London, England, 1850-02-20 00:00:00

iie 'nprPxigs•

wt'he Nuttily relievel by the proposition of
the am. g.entlenian. It is not, then, a question between land
d the towns, bat it is a question between the (Mans of
who have something, end the peat masses, " the
104 *tubing. " as they are called, and who, if suds Emu
ggofrtas are perst•ted is, will be " Laycnothings " to the end
time. (Hear, hear.) That is the prinsiple upon which I
'gag owes the proposition of the hoes. mew.
ber :
but I ask hen. gentlemen opposite, and
tuy being the form•r's friend, I have a right to ask the
custms, in what way do yes sagest by this proposition to
,;testy the vast clamour pm excited oe participated in during
the now ? (Hear, lumr.) lam not the torment' triend—
aa, gh," from the protectionists)—l never made any
cam t, that chamfer ; bat in this house as out of it there
in snort proration whieh the fanners out mike, and no
intentp the appliestion whisk will submerse their
which I will toot advocate and vote far ,• bat I
will sot cue to this house after eseithig a damn, throogh
the cousin, that I am about to relieve the fanner, end then
makes proposition that a child of Ave years old could al.
COW bad no referent* to the interne of the oceupier, but is
▪ directed to the interests of the landlord. The right ben.
bertitet has shown that 45 per cent. of the poor Iran h all
oat ($ paid by the land, and that is not all paid by nth
natural land. Will, then, if all the relief he pa
now to give landed property be 4S per cent., that
Lall the intend the land can have in his proposition.
And if 15 per cent. is all this great intend of ',milord, ten-
ant, and tamer, together can get, I ehonkl like to have it
domed loses much of this 45 per cent. will return to the
pockets of the occupying tenant. (Hear, bear.) The hoc
Feldman proposes that this 45 per cent. should be the
tont of the relief, so far se the landed intent b concerned
but then be aspects that to give them this, the Chancellor
of the Exchequer is to continue the other taxes which the
funs sow partly pay, as the tux upon tee, the tax on coffee,
the us t • tobacco, the taus on wises and spirit,:aad
the us on malt. (Hear, heat.) All these taxes moat
he continued, if the propotlion he now threatens us
with were to he nmessful, and the great hardest of
the rates were transferred from the property to the
industry and labour of the general body of the people.
jute?, hew.) But h do gentlemen opposite act when real
miestme foe the relief of the tenant farmer are under dim
elegem ? There us a proposition the other day for a county
rates bill which met with no very favourab'e reception from
the othersida, end it will be my duty by-and-by to ask if hos.
gentionses appetite will agree to a modtfieation or Medi-
um of the law foe encouragiog the preservation of game.
i" W," and a lanes.) We shag find then whether the
km. geofismen are willing to apply those great sad jut Fria.
ricks M while we haveleard so meek tonight to a peactieal
grievance whisk is much greater en the farmer than anything
that son arise rue the cost of the establishments of poor
tow Woes. Them is elm the gulden of the Tenant Caw
;swathe 1341. I shell be delighted to find that those pew
own sheathed forward so the taint farmers' Muth e.g
run that. (" Hees," end einem) If the landlords ware
gse. they meld Who enether Neu from that they ere
s.trpt:ne, I u 'oily, far are num than one, that lum
on a Aided proprietor. (Ironical cheers and lersgleter from
:Pe protectionists) las especially sorry for me renew,
stub is, that l am net able toepeak to my brother '
sort 'rah that weight which I should do were I our of them.
Lax: ;ter. I Were I a landed proprietor, I should say
is my trotter proprietors, if trade continues presperons,
sortutact_res and commerce increase, if employment is
sae permanent and the wages of labour see aleedir sad
c. re remunerating than heretofore—if you list of missiasle
atimaphing year by year, end you poomlaw titans
Low that thousands and thousands of hitlssrtellelplele nee,
waste. sad chi:dreo, an LIMA from the mire of peg esdi.
,t which they have been so long sunk, to an independent
ail comfortable position,—l should my to them,
1 rah treats should follow, as I believe they woll, from
the adoption of the free trade policy which he gsailaise
07pokte deride so much, then the position of the landed pro-
• toter is the most fortunate and happy in this present
gram of say—fehtersl—tor, as prosperity inerosses, be
cast efroist a ream increase of wealth; there will be
more tupetitiou for laid for awl• ultural porpoug, for
hancLe purpose,. and ke manufacturing pompom— for
purpose' of onager. end 's ante
whin, that is
wing en, ant with will you obtain a larger suant of
wealth. fu pester security for those wiensions with
which Tragil ace has Reseed you. (Cheers.) But to tome
tee sad ask far the abolition of the poor rate, and for the
umbering tows from los to o herewrs of the canwea-
city, is what pis would never do if y. u considered your own
peemaseat fauriests. (Hear, hew.) There are other in-
tires, in the tunny who could came to this house and
mak of lose sust•ined by them from the depreciation of
invested and e.rstire earital, bat they have not demand, d
twinpf mho:. as son have done. Yoe have ruled in put
times is the howse ...la at. undisputed sway. (Hear, hear.)
Toe tan h:et. is the Le,it on the hustings of teaching the
people tar yo ease hen to pmmete agricultural prosperity
sad to meints'o a high price for corn. (" Hear," and "oh.")
As comb, men, I end,' say to you, get rid of this habit as
WO as poesibte. Chien and laughter.) Well would it be
fgr you if all 'he v.,laran of Honied for the last ten years
could be barn:. I rosiest timers from protectionists ) For theta
your elithlren en I randehiklren coot!
s? If/laity of re nteg the speeches you lave made in this
house. (Cheers.) I ems convinced that the proposition of
the hon. st, alma contains within it so element of benefit,
impure= et, or restitution, to the tenant know 1
of this conc.?, and that being my opinion, I will he
no party to a •ritim, the objet of which is to transfer I
tans from rem properly and lay them on the industry of the
matey. t Hear. hese.) To do so would oe to reveres the
polity of ti.e last i yesn—a policy which has been pursued
with advertise to the population, and which is tending to
the pe assent security :of every valuable institution in the
Union. 11.nd edam )

Mr. H. DRUMMOND said !bat the farmer had been
WSWa of not knowing his businyt. Wore the learned
sea cf Manchester much wiser ? Did they know the seien-
tint qualities of tie pigments sad drugs they used? Wr
lot a scho:l of design provided in pity for their *COMO' ?
FM trade had pesmoted some manufactures, but destroyed
others. It had annihilated the tinning trade, cut down
hit tte vale* of timber and bark, and reduced the produce
of al: the ;sad in England from AN. to 40e. an acre.
its destruction of pro?erty on one side had surpassed
its iceman on another. and the whale system was one
cf tau :urination. This was the fiat skirmish of the
buts. The sums of free trade and protection wens
the watchwords of the struggle between capital can
isfraur, between w, sith and hfe. H. should vote for the
pewee:doe of Mr. Ditraci, but would vote also for placing
Um birdies upon the property of the rich leaving the pow
mar. fns to drink untaxed beer, to build with untaxed
bricks, end pow hops, tobacco, or anything else he liked in
kis mien.

Cart. D. PELHAM anode some observatiom, after whiett
tke dame was adjourned to Thunday.

S 3 W. VERNER moved ems verbal amendments to the
Part, Pa-musics* elrelanc) Ball.
Lml J. RUSSELL objected that the amendments would
five it. mullions at the bill an unnecessary stringency.
Mr GRWAN supp•rted the amendment, which was,
however, wathdraern, sad the report brought up.
The hum MN at halt-put 12.

OUTGOING MAILS.
The mails hr British North America and the United
Sates erul be mole up en the evening of Feb. 22.
Its mails ri.i Marieillrs, to the Mediterranean, Egypt,
C.) ion, ledie, Wing• Kong, Ate., will be made up on the
0!1eb.2.i.
The twat., Lisboa, Spain, and Gibraltar will be made
a; ea he). 27.
The West India Mail., ineludiag Bermuda, Havanaah,
Roma, ll4,dxras, New Orleans, and Mexico, and excluding
these far Madeira, St. Juaixcle-Niearacua, New Granada,
CLL. Lad Pero.will be made up on March 2.
Tee mails kr Modena, the Brazils, and Buenos Ayres, will
mak up en the evening of March 4.

AMY VAT= AT LAINDOII WDCa
lA.,—moruic .....
ANAm airowassa. 1.11.1 M
1 4•l4l,W—lfisslag. om. MA

M.YDON, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 20.

lite Suffering Rich have presented their petition
for relief out of the taxes paid by tee whole commit-
rily, not excepting the industrious poor. By the
swath of their sturdiest upkeep= they have impor-
Dated the representatives of the people to give them
so moth money. They no longer ask for an extra
Pere for their maul; and they do not demand better
terms foe their 'salt. But in one shape or other,
!nutty they world fain exact from their fellow.aub-
Cq nut because these can afford to be so fleeced, bat
se they have always been used to the practice
and ineesere of exec:ion and are very uncomfortable
Meat.
at helot deprived of that species of hereditary enjoy-
btAitut did not attempt, in his somewhat in-
effective speech lest night, to disguise the sordid oa-
ten- a the claim he had been instructed on behalf of
tbr '4lm/rune claws to prefer. On the part of the
ilium:thy of Envland he appeielecl to the first
:Lttiater (lithe crone, and begged him not to refuse ,
their supplication. Recent legislation had injored the agricultural interest, by cheapening the price of food.
bat was a grievance which they knew would
101 be remedied by parliament, but for which
F t"rtiary compensation onitht be "' thirty yea-s the alma-:.skew had had the
titteEt ot a tax on the necessaries and e;Dm-
bN
* of the labourer's life; and now that they
,rrd &Plead of it, they expected to be OM
eta lOW Not a word was eaid by the sideeit rho-
tor.ties to show that the farmer or the farm-labourer
107 share is the new speculation. "Never
riellft the distribution we shall make of the pleader
we once get it: only give to us in the Wile of
er•eral Ludy, who depend for subsistelbe Ira the
t',:%ration of land, and we shall @Mitten mine qua-
L'n" of "ewe and rent among ourselves."
lit the cues tracing sad usonetrovertible fads which
I J•rneil the, staple of Sir Ozonot One's repl7, none Hi inure striking than that regarding the diminution

of the burthen of poor rates, with the vast bus= it
the property rateable sad rated thereto. doss I$1&
At that-period the total amount assessed sal ladd
ter the Newport of the poor in England was 8,848,8411.
ekes in 1849 it did not exceed 7,674,1464 But
Sawing the same interval the value of mashie pse-
pa 'abject to this weight had 'mural
111M1,4231. to 83,802,7301.; so that, notwllkelming
the vast increase of population, the actual poi=
was diminished in a still more msrvellows
lion. Nor is this all. The Home Secretary =
very clearly that, so far from its beiog true that
the incidence of poor-law taxation was =ohs-
vively, or mainiy, or even peculiarly, upan land—the
proportion paid by other kinds of property was more
than forty-reohe per cent., while that contributed by
land was lam than fifty-two. Yet, in the Lice of facts
like these, of diminished burden and practically
equalisedpressure as between the agricultural and
e interest, • small and selfish section of the
Brim have the effrontery to come formed and ask
that two or three millions • year shall be remitted
to them in future as a first instalment of their claims
upon the national exchequer.
For Mr. DISRAELI frankly avowed that the three
reaulatious he was prepared to move, should the
Hesse of Commons agree to go into c immittee on the
question—were but chapter the first of the new polisy
of
financial re-adjustment. He demanded that what
are termed the 4-mounent charges, the swat,
- the -

rates, and the oust for maintaining cuual poor,
should all be placed forthwith and permanently on
the Consolidated Fund. The two former he ales-
land at about two millions Verling per annum;
the last he did not very distinctly esti-
mate. But apprehensive, apparently, lest his
followers should think he had asked too little
for them, he characterised these as extremely mode-
rate demands, and plainly intimated that as soon as
they were conceded he had as many more to make on
behalf of the same patties. No better reason could
be found for refusing to parley with such extortion,
than this candid warning of its insatiability. There
is not even the affectation of shame about the impor-
tunity of these hereditary impostors. They do not
rretend any longer that a tax on corn was a rightful
source to them of private income. But admitting
ealkily the impossibility of getting it 'gain, they
sully call on parliament to make op the loss
of it to them in other ways. They are ready to
throw off their own shoulders any kind or amount of
fiscal liability, in order twat somebody else may hear
it in their stead. The p3or deluded farmers whom all
last autumn they bewildered and cajoled into paying
one more year's exc- salve rent, by assurances of re-
stored protection,--lhey have neither part nor lot in
this new matter. They wed know, that the lose rate,
the more rent they will have to pay. It is a bare-
faced and unblushing question of rent, and rent alone,
in which the tenant manifests no interest, for he feels,
no
are. It is purely, or rather impurely, a landlord's
question, and nothing elm or more.
Some highly useful statements were made by Sir
()wane Otter, illustrative of the improvement
which is steadily tilting place in the condition of the
mass of the population during the past year, as com-
pared with that which precede d it. The diminution
of criminal offences in both urban and rural districts
is highly indicative of a gradually augmented diffu-
sion of the blessings of cheap sustenance and clothing.
The analytical statements regarding poor relief fully
corroborate the impressions these statements respect-
ing crime are calculated to produce, and the least
part of their value is the dir ct tendency they have
to weaken the pretentious, rather than plausible case,
put forward by Mr. DistuELl on behalf of the Suf-
fering Rich.

THE mercantile interests which are concerned in
the maintenance of peace between Denmark and the
duchies of Sales% ig and Holstein will hare ga-
thered little certitude from the answer of Lord PAL-
MERSTON to Mr. SANDALS OR Monday night. The
question was, Have the Danes eousen:ed to renew
the armistice ?

Now the truth is, that they have, and they
hare not. The Danish government, to the de-
mand of Englaz.d, replied, that it was
ready to renew the armistice, but not upon
the old conditions. The old conditions were,
that the northern or Danish part of the
Duchy of Schleswig should be occupied by
Swe troops, end the southern portion by a
Prussian contingent. The Danish government was
that since the Prussian troops will not coerce the in-
habitants to do all that the Commission wishes, the
Prussians must evacuate Szbleswig altogether, that
the Swedes shall take their places in the southern
portion of the duchy, end that the Danish troops shall
take the place of the Swedes in the northern. We
need not say that this is a complete and total change
of the conditions of the armistice, and that in substi-
tuting their own conditions, the Danes, if they insist
on them, do in fact refuse to renew the armistice, and
determine to recommence the war.

What the Dant I demand is, in fact, impossible for
Prussia to concede ; first of all, because it would be
dishotourable for the Prtssian cabinet to abandon
Schleswig until its rights are assured; secondly,
because if the Danish soldieis occupied the posts
now held by the Swedes, some of which are in the
very country of the Angles, collision and resistance
would inevitably be the result ; in that resistance the
entire of the Schltswigers and liolateiners would join,
and the civil war would thus be rtnewtd.

We have all along said that it would be more
desirable, and much more facile, to conclude a defini-
tive arrangement between Denmark and the Duchies,
than to prolong an armed trice. The longer this
provisional system lasts, the greater will be the diffi-
culties in the way of a final settlement ; and as Eng-
land proposed, and Prussia and Germany accepted,
an arrangement on the basis or the independence of
Schleswig, it is noble to prelude to a definitive
arrangement by a Danish re-occupation.
Denmark, however, in cotoert with its counsellors
and allies of Russia and of Austria, bides its time.
Its hope was placed in the Latino of the King of
PRUSSIA'S plan for organising, first, his own king-
Idom, and thee a larger portion of Germany, under a
constitutional e stem. All the effirts of Austria and
of Russia have been directed to defeat such project..
And although it is now too late to en-
tertain such hope., still Denmark holds perti-
naciously aloof, aid incurs the risk of renewing
a state of war in Northern Europe, rather than recon-
cile herself to constitutional government and its con-
sequence', in Copenhagen, in Berlin, and in central
Germany.
It is of the highest importance that the British
public should form a just idea of the struggle that
is going on, a struggle in which Prussia, holding up
the banner of constitutional freedom ar d German unity,
is opposed most strenuously by Austria and by Russia,
and by the Dani.h court, as their coadjutor. Austria
has done her utmost, and with no slight success, to
detach every ally from Prussia. She has spirited
away Hanover arid Sazony, sustains Denmark in its
resistance, and has renewed an old scheme for con-
quering Baden and dividing it between Bavaria and
herself, which dates as far back as 1816, but which
was then defeated by England and by other powers.
This scheme is revealed in a letter pub-
limbed in last night's Globe, for the correctness
of which we can vouch, and the important portion of
which we reprint in a note below.°
This audacious scheme for partitioning an indepen-
dent country, and dispossessing a protestant princely
family, in order to make way for the bigot rule of two
Catholic powers, of Austria and Bavaria, is, indeed, but
a part of that Austrian scheme of despotising Germany,
which it has veiled and revealed, recoiled from aid
put forward, as fears prompted or ambition permitted.
In January, 1849, Austria, we know, made the
formal proposal of dividing Oermary into six circle.,
with a King at the head of 'with—Austria one,
Prussia two, Hanover,with Brunswick, Mecklenberg,
and the north western Mates, as well as liaise, mak-
ing the third; Saxony, swallowine bee Thuringian
kindred, was to make the feetth; Bavaria, with the

•There Weis a ammi Ina* listsrets Austria owl Bavaria, of
NM Ark, ISM IMO home, MIS auct MNlf, ilik by arbiali
Austria Is order to t moo. of mad to
Dam& to Ilepolatutitium paggrogigooo to /'irislis maw.
um ti Ma Bohol. Polegisalg illembelia, Ombrubli 11111,
bo.), ia ere at mrtiosties of the Sheet tails Ism of the
Wm Omni balm The immtitot department M Way
called the aYid the IMM sad Tauber, is to tadmaally at ail mils
Daunt ler met haulm abilmed not oomeguity wlth the Maka
Seta 'bleb 'bleb Ausirta, hi ow busty of Wed, In 1053, hail yes-
istiwzi Weed via that am sad Army which abe alma' Ims
mg is of Derma
_lmatlA, AM twows. Till ibis
=oh Austria is mumps to key to emarte ...sully
ammo. of 0.0101. ttolisp. liesimmi raw at the time the
:WAROM et emb s
led soii wee and by • truly
R_ ISM samilmied et Phultillet with Am Prussia,
lloods. amine Omid Tahoe: Dailm, admewlidged the Ovoid Duke
of IMO% hie balm MA tang Om over, is the Islam at the state
at peeemMa is Alb he set ally was. sod is up to thie 11101 ION—
. itl/M. Me owl liiii, IT. 11-4.1, 411. 1. IL)

PARIS, Fas.l9. Far
Mossy.

THE EXPRESS. WEDNESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 20, 1810.

North Palatinate, was to be the fifth ; whist Wnr-
tetabarg was to annex Baden, is order to fore the
sixth.

This annexation, or swallowing up of minor states
sad primes, was avowed by Austria to be but the first
step, the true end and aim being the division of Ger-
many into north and south: the meth to become one,
under catholic and despotic Austria; the other portion,
northward of the Main to be Prussian, sad
make
despotic, and protestant if she could make it so.
To the completion of this plan, for which there
exists the authority of Prince Wrrroareergur, and a
despatch of his dated last July, it is evident that
Austria was prepared to amities both Saxony and
Hanover to Prussia:—the two Lingo, whom she
had enticed from Prussian militate and from the
three kings' league, merely to sacrillee them in a final
bargain.
In the face of these well-known and publicly
proffered whiniest those organs which are the dopes of
Austria represent her as seeking to restore the autho-
rity of the old Diet, and the status quo of Germany
before 1848 ; whereas no greedy and unscrupulous
government, whether despotic or revolutionary, ever
made so light of the rights of either nations or pro-
vinces, or was ever so ready to sacrifice or swallow
up, as it might be, to gratify its appetite or ambition.
We are no thick and thin admirers of Prussia or
its comfit:rims. But her constitution for Germany
stipulates at least for the preservation both of the
rights of :the several princes who join the league
and of the people themselves in the diffe-
rent states. It guarantees their constitutions,
their liberties, such as they are, and puts them
under the protection of the federal and national power.
Whatever it dose with Germany, it at least doss not
make a Poland of it, and out it up. likes ir
cereals, to be measured and weighed, and distributed
lamongst its purchasers or its butchers.

oPosial
37 95 57
0 SO 95
^

For Aseaunt.

8 per Omen Of 96 'sr 931 57 96 97 65 97 63
6 pry Ont.. 9991 93 SO 95 65 19523 9575
S do. New Lost. .. :I o N
44 per Otota. o ~ ir ri ••
4 o per Cents. , :1 le II
Bor.
3Elbr:4l Ca
glairda. yek23 47=day5,....791:/p
!I 1342
Do. 4
„ 13ank— MO „
Piedmont 5 per OW. IS 40 „
80011 M—Paris sad Orimms. 765; Park and Ira" 969 i Seem
and Han% 350 ; Arileman ds ro Maneillea, ISO ; Illinibmg led Dale,
115; Orkone and 110. OM; primer nod Ileedenisa. 11011 73 ;
North. 438 75; Maims awl Troyes. IN 111 i Paris milltniblero,
55759 ; lams AM Nat" NS le; Tema= Wed Math 190; Do.
(left tank), 16739.

A.

Zbe Court.

The Doke of Cambridge visited the Queen Tester.
der at Buckingham Poises.
The Denham of Kent visited her Majesty yesterday, after
bar arrival In town from Frogmen, and lunched with the
Queen and rrinee Albert.

'Prise7.ifbert rod—e
enon horseback yesterdeaforenoon,
attended by Ltent-Colesiol the Hon. Alexander zks
The Doke of Mamma had an midtown oldie damn
molgossefternoos, sad presented to her Majesty addresses
parts of Cho country complaining of above, sad
pro
_yin( relief. Some of the address,* suggested en early
Insolat(on of parliament; many prayed for a restoration of
protection to egrizeltare. They emanated from Petwortb,
Dasinptoke, Westmeath, Tickenhall, Hotywall, Burford,
South INvon, Dalham. Teinwords, Bort ughbridge, But
Grinsted, Wexford Kilkenny, Tendring Headrest, Orms-
kisk, Lang Sutton, East Ham. Bridgenorth,
R Brentwood,
Dagenham and other places in Item:, epton, Denby, sad
Hentingdon.
His Grace also presented to the Queen memorials fa favour
of the Ten Hours Act, and praying that it may not be evaded
by the shift or relay system :—Frem the factory workers and
other inhabitants of Manohmter, Stockport, Salford, Tod-
morden, Rochdale, Bolton, Ashton-under-Lyne, Ashton's
Newton Moor, Cheshire ; from the clergymen of the Church
of Ragland, end other ministers et Stalybridge, end from the
heartiest following mills at Scaly bridge ; from factory workers
(being w•aven), from factory workers (being winders), of
New Mill ; from (Wog workers et Old Mill; from factory
workers in employ of Bailey Brothers ; from factory workers
In employ of Hems. Johnson ; from factory workers, being
weavers ; from factory workers(being spinners); from factory
workers in employ of E. Sidebottom ; from lector, workers
In employ of W. Harrison, Brothers ; from factory workers
in employ of W. Waining end Co. ; from factory workers In
em *y of Robert Platt ; from factory workers to employ of
J. Wagstaff ; from factory workers in employ of Albert Hall;
fromworkers in employ of J. Bailey. From the dale-
gates frene workers, Manchester, Balton, Oldham,
StV4Regy, Heewood, Handley, Tyldaley, Warrington,
Bac Tansehin, Ashton•under-L:ne, Stalybridge,
Blackburn, and Handel& sighed
by the skairmaalatif=itailta Of Blackburn, signed by the
rev„shatrznen. _ _ _

--The Queen and Prince Albert, with the Princess Boyd
and the Princess Alice, and attended by Colonel Buckley
and Dentenant-Colonel the Hon. Alelander Gordon,
honoured the Duchess of Sutherland with a visit yesteldly
afternoon, at Stafford House. Her Majesty and his Royal
Highness afterwards took a drive in an open carrie,ge and
four.

The Queen had a dinner party yesterday evening at
Buckingham' Palms. The company incluleo her Royal
Highness the Duchess of Kent, his Excellency the Chevalier
Bunsen, the Duke of Wellington, Lady Fanny Howard,
the Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury, the Marquis and
Marchiouess of Clanricarde, the Harlot Clarendon, Lard and
Lady Foley, Lord and Lady Charles Wellesley, and Sir G.
Cooper.
The Prints of Wales, Prince Alfred, the Princes Helena,
and the Princess Lenin took their usual exercise yesterday.
Lord Byron has relieved the Marquis 01 Ormende in his
duties es lord in waiting to the Queen, and Captain the Hon.
Joseph Denman has rellevtd Lieut.-Colonel the Hon. Alex-
ander Nelson Hood in his duties as groom in waiting to her
Majesty.
The Dachas of Kent arrived at her residence, Clarence-
house. Bt. James's, at a quarter past 12 o'clock yesterday,
from Frosmore, attended by Lady Fanny Howard and Sir
George Caupm. Her Royal Highness visited the Duchess
of Gloneester at Gloucester-house in the afternoon.

The commissioners for inquiring into Smithfield
Market and the markets in the City of London for the sale
of meat, met yesterday at the Home-office. There were
present Mr. George Cornewall Lewie, Sir Harry Verney,
Mr. William Miles, M.P , Profes•or Richard Owen, PALS.,
the His. Fred. Byng, anu Mr. John Wood.
The commissioners received a di putation from the
City to communicate plkns for the improvement of Smith.
field and Newgate markets. The deputation consisted of
Mr. H. L. Taylor, Mr. Thomas H. Hale, Mr. Deputy
Hicks, Mr. Low. Mr. Del n, Mr. Serjeant Merewetber
(town clerk), the City Rentembrancer, the City Comptroller,
and the architect.

The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council eat
yesterday. An appeal from the High C•,urt of Admiralty,
" Hammond v. Roger.," the ship Christiana (part heard),
was resumed and concluded. An avtaal from Bengal,
Grant v. The Chief Ins ice of Bengal" (part heard), was
resumed; the case was adjourned.

(From last night'. Gazette.)
FOREIGN-OFFICE, FF.n. 16.—The Queen has been
pleased to approve of Mr. Edward AUbtan, u Consul in
New Brunswick, and of Mr. Frederic Charman, as Cmmul
in Nova Scotia, for her Majesty the Queen of Portugal.
DOWNING-STRELT, FEB. 19.—The Queen has been
pleased to appoint Aror. b vnren, E.q., to be Puisus Jus-
tice for the Island of Bt. Ctiristc pher.

•
PRINCE OF WALES CoUNCII, CRANIBF.R9, SOMER.
err House, FZB. 18 —Wild= Daubuz, KiWow. in the
county of Cornwell, EFq , hes been appointed sheriff of the
county of Cornwall.

COMMISSION SIGNED BY THE LORD LIEUTENANT
OF NOKTEIUMBLILLAND.—W. M. Bigge, Eeq., to be deputy
Lieutenant.

COM3IIBBION SIGNED BY TIIE LORD LIEUTENANT
OF BUTHSZIANDSHIKE.—The Moat Hon. G. G. W. B. L.
Gower, commonly called the Marquis of Stafford and Lord
Strathniver, be be vic--lieutenant.

COMMISSION SIGNED HY THE LORD LIZUTENANT
or Doneirenutz.—L. G. St. Lo. pent., to be cornet In the
Queen's Own Regiment of Yeomanry Catralry.

GREAT EXHIBITION OF 1851.—We are authorised
to state that it is the intention of the Lord Mayor, in the
course of next month, to give a grand bal.quet in oommemo-

ration of the establnitment of—this great institution. His
lordship bee reason to hope that the Mansion House on this
occasion may be honoured by the presence of Princii Albert
and other members of the royal family, the officers of state,
the foreign ministers, and the chief magistrates of the cor-
porate towns of the United Kingdom.

THE TEN HOURS' FACTORY AGITATION.

(TROY OUR lIILNCRESTER C)RRRISUONDINT.)

rates the interests and renders antagonistic the feelf.'gn
of employers and employed. The Times talks of
the decision of the Exchequer Chamber rendering the
operatives liable to fifteen hours' work a day, or of
"little children of either sex, whose unhappy fate it
is to labour in the stifling atmosphere and stunning
din of a factory for so many hours a day." " Surely,"
says the same writer, "for them, ten hours of con-
tinuous liability are enough. It is needless to say
that it profits but little to remove a child of tender
years for an occasional hour from the scene of hie
toils, if afterwards he is to be thrown beck upon the
' tainted air and unwholesome influences of the factory.
If from the time he risys, at fire o'clock in the morn-
ing, until he is sent to bed at ten or eleven o'clock at
night, the din of the factory bell, and the clatter
and hum of the machinery are never to he out
of his ears, what can be done to rrengthen
a child's frame or to open and enlarge his mind?"
Now, all this is pure imagination, intended to hood-
wink instead of enlighten the public mind. With
less imagination and a great deal more candour than
is evinced in these short extracts, it would be easy to
make the public down here believe that the people
who work the whole of every night in the Times office
itself are the veries: slaves that were t ver condemned
to the galleys. I'hcre are no such horrors involved
in the question opened by the decision of the Court
of Exchequer as are here pretended. The factory
system unquestionably wee once a crying evil, and
the interference of the legislature was necessary not
only to restrain the employer of factory children,
but the still greater inhumanity of the parents
of those children and of their workhouse guardians,
in rural districts, wto were only too anxious to re-
lieve themselves of the burthon. But those days are
long past. Government inspectors roam through
our factories at all hours of the day—are at liberty to
put any questions they choose to the children and
workpeople—and can inspect the books. It is their
duty to see that the children of tender years, spoken
of by the nmes, do not work more than six hours per
day, and that a scnoolmsster is provided "to open
and enlarge their mind." It is the fault of the in-
spector if the factory bell rings from half-pest five in
the morning to ten or eleven o'clock at night
in the ears of these children ; but every one ac-
quainted with the truth knows that such lan-
guage is all pure invention, and that the factory
owners have carried out the intention of the ori-
ginal factory acts with scrupulous ex mtness. The
Ten Hours Act was not intended to interfere
with children ; they had received protection
under former statutes ; and it was now sought
to limit the hours of young persons up to
18 years of age, and of females cf all ages, not
provided for under previous statutes. But the diffi-
culty of legislation in all such cases as these is, whilst
doing a service to ore class of persons, not to injure
another. The late Mr. John Fielder:, the promoter of
the Ten Hours Bill, knew that it would: be difficult
to induce the legislature to interfere in direct terms
to put a restraint on the personal liberty of male
adults, and the contrivonce aimed at by has bill was
to induce them to do that by indirect means which
they would refute to do otherwise upon principle. He
argued that without the "young per.,ns," under 18
years of age, the adults could not work, and in this
he was correct, but, his clumsy piece of legislition has
been formed only to letter the hands of the factory
owner, without absolutely accomplishing its pur-
pose.

The Ten Hours Factory agitation is renewed. The
decision of the Court of Exchequer, that although
women and young persons cannot be allowed to re-
main in the factory more than ten hours, yet that it
is legal to run the machinery a longer period by re-
lays, or by double seta of workpeople, has evoked the
spirit of agitation from the unnatural resting place in
which it had been laid by the present imperfect act of
the legislature. The decision of the Barons of the
Exchequer hu not, certainly, created a sensation
here. If any one imagines that because the Ten
Hours Act " has been abrogated; and that because
(to use the language of an arldrees issued to the ope-
ratives), " the judges of England have decided that
the millowners have a right to extend the time of
working your children, wives, and sisters
over a period of 15 hours a day," the whole
of these districts are in a state of ferment, and
are running to the public squares and to the
inarket-places, shouting " Dow', with the factory
tyrants," there never was a greater mistake com-
mitted. But few events, affecting so large a body of
the public, were ever heard of with so much of apathy
and uncoacern. Looking at the surface of society

here, you cannot perceiv; a ripple—you would not
imagine, from its smoothness, that anything had oc-
curred to disturb the calm which has so long reigned
over it. Whether the committee of masters on the
one hand, or the short-time committee of workmen on
the other, will be able to brew a storm, remains to be
seen. The masters, who are said to have achieved a
victory over their workpeople in this decision of the
superior courts, do not api car to be exultant ; but, on
the other hand, are said to be anxious to conciliate
and bring about a reasonable compromise of differ-
ences with their hands by means of what is
called an "Eleven Hours Bill," but which in
fact means a bill to enable them to run their mills
ten hours and a half per day, or 63 hours per week.
With that view, a meeting of masters has been sum-
moned for Tuesday, Feb. 29, and I am told there is
not the least doubt that such a proposition will be
acceded to by seven-eighths of them. The short
time committee of the operative., however, or leaders
of the ten-hour movement are by no mean!' disposed
to recommend the acceptance of these terms. If the
masters are not exultant at the decision given in the
Court of Exchequer, the short time committee, who,
as I stated in a previous number of the Daily News,
had fully anticipated the judgment of the mart, look
upon it as coming, to say eta least, at a very auspi-
cious moment, It was said that when the House of
Commons voted the present bill, a feeling of pique at
the triumph of the free traders induced a portico
of the votes which swelled the majority ; and now,
when the protectionists are smarting under a repulse
which has opened anew their old sores, it is mad-
dandy anticipated that even in " the first amiably
of gentlemen in the world " there may still be found
other feelings than those of pure patriotism to in-
fluence • decision. All unprejudiced persons must
hope there is no ground for such a supposition, how-
ever the sympathy, real or affected, manifested by a
portion of the aristocracy in this ease may contrast
with their obstinacy in refusing to these same work-
ing classes their freedom as citizens, and relief from
taxes.

The question now is, in what way will the present
legislature seek to amend the act or 1817? The re-
sult of that measure has been to ter the ingenuity of
the millowner to make the restriction upon his hands
fall as lightly as possible upon himself; unfortunately
not always wi•lti the same succees, or the legislature
might piss an act to amend the defects of the present
cm without opposition. The Mtn of millowner. has
been, since the passing of the Ten Hours Act, to
quicken the speed of their machinery so as to turn off
twelve hours' work in the ten ; and s,me have accom-
plished this end, whilst others canm.t e ffect it in less
than ten hours and a half or eleven hours.
This narrows the irievion at i‘,.ue very materially.
So far as I cao kern thtre are many of
the factory owntrs who think that eleven hours
is about the extent t 3 wh eh they can ruu their mills
so as to ensure that steady, vigorous attention on the
part of the workpeople which is necessary to a pro-
fitable working. What is the proposition of these
people ? By the present Factory Act, where relays
are not used, the millowner runs his mill from six in
the morning till six in the evening, for five dap in
the week, giving two hours for meals ; and on Satur-
days from six till four. The compromise sought
by the millowners, or which, I believe, they would
agree to, is that the factories should be allowed
to run from six o'cicck in the morning until half-past
six in the evening each of the six day', or 63 hours
per week ; or, that if a short day on
Saturday is still requisite, that the mills
shall run from six to seven from Mondays till
Fridays, and from a x till four on Saturdays—which
is only another way of dividing the 63 hours into
working dap. With such an arrangement lam told
the majority of factory owners will be oniy too happy
to give up relays and all other contention upon this
long agitated question. Such an arrangement would
be a great blessing both to the masters and operatives.
With the latter, who work in mills where relays are
adopted, though, after all, these are proportionally
few, the household system is deranged, different
members of the same family have to rise in the morn-
ings at different times, and to set their meals at dif-
ferent hours. So with the mthowner it is felt to be
a vicious system, and only to be tolerated on compul-
sion, for it causes great derangement in the factory,
necessitating eztrs book-keeping and extra at-
tention in various matters, and after all fails
to insure tbat necessary discipline from two sets of
hands succeeding each other which could be ensured
from one set. And then it is mitt that several ad-
vantages might be conferred on the workpeople in
this spit it of compromise, which might go far towards
rendering the proposed uniform working of mills ten-
and-a-half hours without relays, equivalent to ten
hours under the present system. For instance, all the
hands might be permitted to wash and dress in the
mill within the ten-and-a-half hours, so that all the
time beyond that period might really be available to
them for recreation or instruction—whichever they
may be dispos d to prefer. It is said that in
some of the mills, now running eleven hours by
relays, this system is adopted ; and that they
also pay their workpeople before the market-day and
within the hours of work ; so that these workpeople
have nearly as much available time after the hours
of work on ordinary evenings as those who adopt the
ten-hours' system, and on Saturdays as those who
work only eight hours but are kept loitering about
for wages two or three hours subsequently.

What the workp, oile themselves will say to this it
is difficult to ascertain. Many et the employers say
that they have soui,ihd their bands, and that four.,
fifths of them would prefer eleven hours to tea
with the extra wages it ensures. Members of
the Snort Time Committee, who are the leader .;
of the movement for ten hours, say that th' ,e
is not true. Which are to be believes' , ?
The sentiments of the work-people themselves • are
difficult to be reached. There wss a meeting of the
short-time committee on Saturday evening, at ,d a
long meeting of delegates from various parts of the
factory district on Sunday, whom the short-tints com-
mittee had called together; but both these bosh, es met
with closed doors. They say that to admit tb e press
would be to subject their proceedings to espio• aage on
the part of their employers, and render them liable to
persecution in the mills; to they admit on).y a paid
reporter, who submits his reports to the coo rection of
the short-time committee. We shall. no doubt,
ere long, have some public meetings ; and
these will be better hats, if the question is
left to be discussed by the hands themse:vcs, freely
and dispassionately, without the excitement and in-
terference of agitators paid to mislead them by in-
flated 1 such as that quoted above from the
nmes.anguer would, no doubt, prefer ten hours'
work with eleven hours' pay; but tho question is
whether, if they have it burly put to them to choose
between ten hours' work %lilt ten hours' pay,
Ind eleven hours' work with eleven hours'
Pay, which they will prefer ? The proba-
bility is that they would be divided en such
a question, just as workmen in any other trade would
be divided on such a question, according to disposition
to industry and thrift. Where, then, the legislature
steps in, and, from feelings of humanity, assumes a
right to protect the workman front his employer, it
should be careful not to place itself between the
labourer and his right to do as he likes with his
labour, or it exercises a restraint upon the personal
liberty of the servant as well as the master, and per-
forms a double act of tyranny.

--
Every sympathy is due to the working classes; but
it should be taken care that this sympathy work/ for
their dee advantage, which it will not do if it sopa-

_di be Nosily relieved by the propotitios of
0,-;.-bnn. gentleman. It is not, then, a question between land
and the towns, bat it is a question between the OWOefS of
,nrety. who have something, and the great masses, e, the
have anteing. " as they ars called, and who, if sued sus-
• nee per:tasted in, will be Lavonothings "to he end
o•—f
time. Near. hear.) That is the priest* apes which I
owl oppose the proposition of the hoe. mug.
bet; fast 1 ask hen. gentlemen opposite, and
thqt,e3l; the former's friend, I have a rlgkt to ask the
intim in what way do you aspen by this proposition to
,dusty the vast clamour you incited oe participated in during
the noes' (Hoar, beard lam not the [erases anod—
e, na, oh," from the protectionists)—l never made say
CL m 'hat et:orate/ ; bat in this house as out of it then
ti 0 jot prop °Woo whieh the [amen can make, and no
i • pram:Tie the appliestioa whisk will esteem their
inwterest which I will not advocate sad vote far ,• bat I
will sot ease to this house after exciting a diatom Unearth
the notary, that I am about to relieve the farmer, and then
mote $ prnpontiou that a child of Ave yeses old could die.
rover bad no reference to the interne of the croupier, bat is
▪ fries al.rected to the interests of the landlord. The right boa.
berniset has shown that 4,5 per cent. of the poor an is all
thatP Aid by the land, and that is not all paid by girl.
Aiwa land. Will, then, if all the relief he pro
to iive landed property be 4.5 per cent., that
Lall the interest the land out have in his proposition.
And it 15 per cent. is all this great interest of beadlord, ten-
ant, end tanner. together can get, I shoakl like to have it
domed bow much of this 45 per cent. will return to the
pokes of the occupying tenant. (Hear, bear.) The boa,
Feldman proposes that this 45 per cent. should be the
tont of the relief, so far as the landed interest banana&
but then be tippets that to Rive them this, the Chancellor
of the Eieseipirr is to continue the other taxes which the
brawn sow partly mu the tax upon tee, the tax on coffee,
the tam a • tobacco, the tans on wises and spirit,:aad
the as on malt. (Hear, beer.) All these taxes mart
be continued, if the proposition he sow thrsatena as
oath were to be nanesstul, and the great bardsa of
the rates were transferted from the property to the
industry and labour of the general body of the people.
a hest.) But h ow do gentlemen opposite act when real
aneseeis for the relief of the tenant farmer are under die
Mein ? Then wts a proposition the other day for a county
Mal bill which met with no ven favouralOs reception from
the otherside, sad it will be my duty by-and-by to ask if hoe.
matinees opposite will agree to • modulation or abolio
tan of the law for encouraciog the preservation of game.
Oh," sad a tangle.) We shag find teen whether the
be.. gsatimant are willing to apply those great sad jut prin-
ciples M which we hanheard so mask tonight to a prectioal
grimaces wWk ie mach greater ea the farmer than aortas(
that ma arise hem the cost of the establishments of poor
toe using. Thom is elan the quoting of the Tenant Cam.
;rtaratite 1341. I shell be dehgesed to find that those goo
crests who staid forward as the teems farmers' friends sap
Tort that. (" Hear," ead ahem.) If the toadied. were
• they would take mother emir from that they are
..!nptang, lam may, Sar more mass, than cos, that lem
on a Aided proprietor. (hooks' chairs and leraglstar hem
:to protectionists) lam especially sony for see nalem,
which is, that 1 am see able toepeak to my brother pespew'
sot with that weight which I should do were I me of them.
Lrtalter. I Wen I a landed proprietor, I should say
to my tro'ber proprietors, if trade conduits prosperous,
som,u'act_res and commerce increase, if employment is
sae permanent and the wages of labour are steadier and
s. re remunerating than heretofore—if your list Megisaiash
dta.m.bang year by year, and year poor-law returns
Lae that thousands and thousands of hitherto leapleire mom,
lamer, and chi ,Ireo, an 11°4 from the mire of peaperlem
,o wh:ch they hove been so long mak, to ea iipseteleat
eta comfortable position,—l should say be them,
1 rah Ivesu should follow, as I believe they wall, Iron
the adoption of the free trade policy which hem. gemtlemes
nnokte deride so much, then the position of the beaded pro-
• rear is the most fortunate and happy in this provost
gimp of any —achterel—for, as prosperity increaser, be
nut tb•oin a recur increase of wealth; there will he
sore cespetinou for land for Refl. ulniral purposes, for
haa.atle purpose +• sad
Ike manufmturing roe
vino" of pleasure mad enjoyment—and while that is
going os, ant osly will you obtain a larger *meant of
wealth. hut for greater security for those prieralloss with
which Travii• see hes blessed you. (Cheers.) Bat to come
ten ard rk Cy the shalt** of the poor rate, aid for the
°inferring taus from los to o her ewes of the cuants-
thy, it what you would never do ii y. u considered your own
?fewest antrrests. (Hear, hear.) There are ether in-
Men in the meow who could came to this boom and
rusk of loss sust..ined by them from the depredation of
invested sad r.yoirr coital, bat they have not demand, d
comp. nastier. so sen have done. Toe have ruled in put
titan is the house ...loan undisputed sway. (Hear, hoard
Yall tave Mei. in we [shit on the hautbois of teaching the
people tar yo ease hen to musette agricultural prosperity
sad to mints's: a Web price for corn. (" Hear," and "oh.")
As anstb., men, I ',mild say to you, get rid of this habit se
won as paste:at. Chien and laughter.) Wall would it be
he you if al: the v.,lttenn of Hansard for the last ten yeses
nod be born:. I rosin' titters from protectionists ) For then
your thAren ants rtandchildren could
C? ertlrity o' wanting the sperebes you have made in this
lime. (Cheers.l lam convinced that the proposition el
the hon. r climes contains within it so element of benefit,
imprteetot on at restitution, to the tenant farmer
of this mato?, and that being my opinion. I will be
so party to a titian, the objet of which is to transfer
wee On res. properly sad lay them on the industry of the
°wavy. albs,. hear.) To do so would oe to reveres the
polity of tie last 7 years—a policy which has been pursued
with adwatage to the popaistion, and which is tending to
eke pe assent snotty :of every valuable institution in the
Maples. Loud cheers )
Mr. H. DRUMMOND said that the farmer had been
seema of not konriag his business. Wore the learned ,
an of Mancheiter much wiser ? Dad they know the mien.
tint qualities of tie pigments and drugs they used? Was
sot a echoel of design provided in pity for their *COMO' f
Pm trade bad promoted some manufacturer, but destroyed
others. It had annihilated the farming trade, cut down
hit the vale* of timber and bark, and reduced the produce
of alt the ;sad in England from SOs. to 4de. an acre.
The destruction of pro?erty on one side had surpassed
iacreue on another. sad the whale system was one
cf eau tseislation. This was the fi st skirmish of the
buts. The terms of free trade and protection wen
the watchwords of the struggle between capital eau
labour, between W. elth and life. He should vote for the
petyminoa of Mr. Darned, but would vote also for placing
Ms Modem upon the property of the rich leaving the pow
am. free to drink untaxed beer, to build with untaxed
bricks, and grow hope, tobacco, or anything else he liked in
hie men,
Capt. D. PELHAM made some observation, after which
the debate was adjourned to Thursday.
So W. VERNER wowed rase verbal amendments to the
Part) Prommicas (Irelann) Ball.
RUSSELL objected that the amendments would
WWI tie provisions of the bill an unnecessary stringency.
M r GROiIAN mayo.-rad the amendment, which was,
to., ITC., withdrawn, sad the report brought up.
The home OM at half-put 12.
Tit e):VreOgi•
OUTGOING MAILS.
_.The mails for British North America sad the United
komos wi,l be made up en the evening of Feb. 22.
IPA mail ri.i MiltoPill,9 to the Mediterranean
Clion, Hong.h.'ou. g, Itc•i will be made cep on the
e! b ib.
Ibe .halls tor Lisboa, Spain, and Gibraltar will be made
a; on 27.
The West ladle Mails, including Bermuda, Havanaah,
x
wan, liodoras, New Orleans, and Mexico, and excluding
CL
andfor Madeira, St.
bet. Juan•clioNaearagua, New Granada,
made up on March 2.
Taa taa,l6. kw Medoria, the Brazils and Buenos Ayres, will
Lade se on the mane of Mardi 4.
_ MOM VAT= AT LONDOIII 11/11DOI.
t. o~aa.w—atermee, Law.— ..... assmassi sale
Arealsesern
MYDON, 'WEDNESDAY, 171BRUARY 20.
I its Suffering Rich have presented their petition
for relief out of the taxes paid by the whole comma.
not excepting the industrious poor. By the
se :h of their sturdiest spike they have •
emu mirror-
toted the representatives of the people to give them
es. much money. no longer ask for an extra
Pre, for their meal; Tah:l they do not demand better
terns for their malt. But in one shape or other,
amity they would fain exact from their fello
tinsheesuse these can afford to be so fleeced,
d"lbd
lout+x%if have always been used to the practice
amore of exac.ion
at• , ati d are very uncomfortable
meat. 6 deprived of that species of hereditary enjoy-
Mr. btleAgli
did not attempt, in his somewhat in-
list •
night, to disguise the sordid us-
ut of the claim had been instructed on behalf of
arti to prefer. On the part of the
::,i,rer_tiez_.v .neland he appe%lell to the first
Of Mt
fte.;crown, and begged him not to refuse
91 'Ascalon. Itecent legislation had injured the
111 r• n!altufal interest, by cheapening the price of food.
was
a grievance which they knew would
pet""▪ 'itasiaryfilatdcanii)cciaedby parliament, but for which
Wan ought to In given.
_ll..'z'elbirly years the alms-makers had had the
_ ?‘ a !az on the necessaries and
of the labourer's life; and now that they
•n" d•Petred of it, tke e
gut y scted to be 03.
"11 kaa a word was said by the adesit rho-
Zireek to show that the farmer or the farm-labourer
urcilailje da,itrihiree is. the new speculation. "Never
ulxl, anion we shall make of the pleader
..„.w_ce once..
_get it: only give to as to the name of
iudy, who depend for subsistence Tapes the
Luz.
tf w of fund, and we shall settle all ulna'
it
the
war and rent acting ourseives."
I .„70,1 lifting and incontrovertible fade which
tiltes .snit;,,shiple of Sir 020.t02 Games reply, none
striking than that regarding the damnation