The Express.
London, England, 1850-07-05 00:00:00

THE FXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING: JULY 5, IIN.

the result of a demand on the part of yearly tenants,
who farm well, to obtain soma protection against the
capricious exercise of their Muller& power to turn
them out of their farms. The first biU introduced by

FRANCE.

Mr. Pony, Accordingly, proposed to give to all occu-
piers of agricultural land the abselate right to be
paid for all improvements effected upon their lands
withia definite periods antecedent to the determination
of their tenancies, by draining, fencing, raced making,
building, and so forth, as well as for improvements of
a more temporary kind, such as the feeding cattle and
sheep, upon corn, oilcake, and other purchased food,
and fur artificial manures. These improvements were
to be taken as having a purchasable value for a cer-
tain number of years—different periods being as-
signed to the different kinds of improvement—and
where the tenants had not cccupied their farms so
long after each act of improvement as to have ex-
hausted it, according to the scale prescribed by the
bill, they were empowered to call on their landlords
to pay for the inexhausted improvements by valua-
tion. The award of the value-s was to be enforced in

PARIS, THURSDAY 11111111110.
Most of the papers contain a tribute to the meting
of Sir Robert Peel. The Debate says that "this
statesman having ceased to be' a party chief, had
brooms the regulator, moderator, and umpire of
parties. Although declining raters to power, h•
exercised an authority universally reoognissdt and
in matters of internal policy was regarded as an
oracle. So great a porition suddenly destroyed by a
' common fall, reminds one of the grain of sand which
Pasctl mentions as having arrested the life of Crom-
well."

The pans law is attacked by the Pattie and the
downal des Debuts on one side' and by all the demo-
cratic rem on the other. It becomes daily less p!)-
pular in the Assembly, will certainly never pass us
its presert form, sod is espooted to be withdrawn.
M. de Tinguy has proposed, as an amendment to the
law, that every article in a newspaper shall be signed
by its writ r, under pain of being fined 600 francs,
or 1,000 francs in ease of repeating the omission.
M. Mintier has moved the abAition of deposits of
caution money.

• *ummery way. Of courte each a bill found no
&vont with the landed members of the House of.

Commons, and none others appear to have interfered
with the subject. The subject, however, had got
such strong hold of " the agricultural mind" out of
door', that the immediate rejection of the bill
was not deemed adris2ble. It was, therefore, re-
ferred to a select committee of landlord members,

The re-election of M. Dopin as president of the
Assembly is a clear proof how little attention is paid
on these ocearrious to what ought to be the main
qualifications of such a functionary, namely, impar-
toddy and dignity. No sooner is a liberal orator
installed in the tribune than the President Dipin,
inceed of protecting him evilest the interruptions of
the Right, aggravates his distress by a thousand little
tallies of waspish petulance. The sparkling string of
epigrams wherewith the president seasons a dull de-
bate is co doubt refreshing to a jaded house, pertien-
larly in the dog days, bat his wit too often degenerates
into buffoonery, and his liveliness becomes mere im-
pertinence. Dupla is the spoiled child of the As-
sembly ; but the lesense of his tongue is really en-
couraged, beelines it is found useful in serving the
spleen and rancour of the majority, and his authority
becomes a potent instrument of oppression against
their political adversaries.
Tne Duke of Sotomayor, Spanish ambassador at
Paris, bas had several interview, with General
Labial., in order to open nentiations for a treaty, with
the object of repressing the acts of piracy which are
in the habit of being committed under the shadow of
the .normal legislation of the United State. of
America. The French minister is reported to have
given a favourable reception to the overtures of the
Spanish government, and Great Britain has been
invited to join with France and Spain upon thin

and came back to the house greatly modified ; com-
pensation being confined to future agreements, and
node dependent on the express assent or acquiescence
of the landlord. Subsequently it has been more and
more pared down, until the bill, which stood for a
third reading on Tuesday, was simply one to enable
landowners baring settled estates to make agreements
binding on their successors, to compensate tenants for
outlays in the permanent: and durable improvements
only ; the compensation in respi et of high cultivation
having been struck out in committee. There is also
a clause authorising tenants to remove fixtures erected
for the purposes of tbelr business, such as steam
engines and the like, in analogy to trade fixtures,
which at present they cannot lawfully e.o. There is
so of much formality and previous notice required on
the part cf the tecant, that we doubt whether the bill
would have any extensive operation should it become
law ; and it is, in its pry sent sta!e, chiefly remarkable
u incicating the obstacle to improvement our eye cm
of settlement presents.
Nine-tenths of the land of this country is owned by
persons who have only lite interests, and who can
make no leases or covenants with tenants which will

be binding on the next taker of the estate, though
such next taker be the eldest son. Of course this
presents au insuperable obstacle to large outlays in
permanent improvement by tenants, and accounts for
the very inferior condition of so much of the agricul-
tural land of England. But we very much doubt
whether Mr. PICSEY.3 measure would remedy that
evil. We believe that it would be altogether delusive
to tenants, for very few landowners would act upcn
their great fear being that they may some time or
other be called upon to pay large sums as compensa-
tions to outgoing tenants. Tone on one oceasio.i, Sir
J. Y. BOLLER said, " a landlord might be &sealed by
two or three outgoing tenants at once, claiming com-
persition from him, at a time when he was!
unable to give it for want of money." And it is quite
certain that very few, if any, owners of considerable
estates could meet any simultaneous demand on the
part of their tenants for campensation for untie-
hauated improvements. Practically, however, these
compensations would be paid by the incoming tenant,
and the chief eflect upon the landlord would be to im.
pew on him the necessity of finding a new tenant
with capital sufficient to enable him to pey down a'
large sum for the improvements on entering the
farm. And if nothing be required to be paid for but
whet is of value to the new te• ant, that w..uld be no
disadvantage to either party ; but there are in many
districts customs which bind inooming tenants to pay
for objects which are useless, or nearly useless, to
them during their occupation cf their farms, and they
only get back their capital so lying dead, wheu
they themselves quit. Against the possibility
if such burdens on their properties landowners may
well object. Upon the whole we believe the opi-
nions and the practice of the agricultural community
to be at present too unsettled on tee subject of com-
pensation to out-going tenants to render it desirable
to legislate on that narrow question. landlords and
tenants must learn to do their own business without
the special interposition of the legislature.
If legislation is required, and we believe that it is,
with reference to landed property, something much
more comprehensive than Mr. PUBET's bill is wanted ;
as for instance, all landowners should have full power
to grant leases of any duration, and make stipula-
tions with tenants for improving the property
without any other restriction than not to diminish the
yearly income derivable from the estate beyond a
limited period, say for seven or ten years, and with a
prohibition against taking a fine or premium fur the
lease ; and every actual poseesn:r of a settled estate
should be enabled to sell so much of it as would enable
him to pay cff incumbrances, and to effect permanent
improvements on the remainder of his property. To
this point the opinion of the landed class is, though
somewhat slowly and reluctantly, tending. By and
by, when, the mists of protection are completely
cleared from their minds, they will discover that they
most manage their property like men of business, and
they will cease to retain in nominal ownership estates
they have not the means to improve, arid which
they will not grant to tenants on terms sufficiently
attractive to induce them to make permanent improve
cents. Neither is it clear that the tenant farmers
notion is correct that they are entitled to be paid for all
the improvement they effect on the land they occupy.
On this point there is great difference of opinion
among experienced agriculturists. Thus in a very
able work on " The Valuation of Real Property," by
Mr. LATTON Cooxe, recently published, we find this
pertinent remark: "Amongst the agricultural ten-
antry an opinion appears very generally to pre-
vail, that their claim to remuneration is co-exten-
sive with the duration of the improvement, and
that they have a right to deprive the land
of any benefit it may have acquired from
the application of their capital to it, or to be paid for
any portion of the improvement that may be assumed
to be nnexhausted at the termination of au occu-
pancy." This he deems erroneous; " what they are
really entitled to is an opportunity to obtain by the
improved state of the land, the amount expended by
them in the improvement, and to be paid on quitting
any portion of the cast that may not have been
satisfied. The question then in each case will be,
"in what time will an improvement repay itself ? "
and this will probably be beat solved oy individual
agreements. And this will be best effected by means
el leases. "A tenant under lease," says Mr. CooKE,
"would know previously to his commencing an im-
provement how long he might depend upon reeelvisg
the additional profit, and would regulate his
expenditure accordingly"; while "a tenant from year
to year could only calculate upon receiving the occu-
pier's profit for a very limited period, and the mere
return of the cost out of pocket would not be a suffi-
Giant inducement for him to undertake improvements
as permanent nature."
That improvements by tenants will, in ordinary
sues, only be made under leases of considerable do-
nation, is certain ; and it will be well that landlords
sad tenant farmers should understand that yearly
Mandes and large improvements or high cultivatica
Ica the part of tenants, cannot co-exist ; and we be-
lieve that any attempt to render yearly tenancies com-
patible with progress in agriculture, such as that em-
bodied in Mr. PUSEY'S bill, will prove a failure.

subject.
A convention for the reciprocal Extradition of male-
factors between France and Saxony was signed on
the 24th of April at Dresden, by the plenipotentiaries
of the two countries, and hal been presented by the
Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Assembly for
ratification. _ _

Two lists ore in circulation at the Institute for the
appointment of three members to represent this body
in the superior council of instruction. The first list,
drawn up by M. Cousin and his friends, bears the
names of MM. Thiere, Pointlet,at:d Passy. The can-
didates of the opposite party are MM. Mole, Bong-
, not, and Flourene.

The Assembly was occupied yesterday with the
law relative to the education of young prisoners,
There are about twelve thousand minor* of both
sexes confined in the houees of correction, a great
number of whom will not be liberated until they have
attained the age of twenty. The object of the law is
to give to these during their confinement in the peni-
, tentiaries a moral, religious, and professional ethica-
-1 don in order to enable them to re-enter society in a
creditable manner. A distinct quarter in the prisons
is to be usigned to youthful offenders of every
category. Young offenders acquitted as having
acted without discernment, but not restored to their
parents, are sent to a penitentiary colony, where they
are subjected to a severe discipline, and applied to

agricultural labour,.
The event of the sitting of to day is the re-election
of M. Dupin as President of the Assembly. The '
number of voters was 538. M. Dupin obtained 32.5
votes; M. Michel de Boarges, the candidate of the
'Mountain, 102; General Lamoriciere, 60; General
lledeou, 3,5. Sixteen votes were lost. The result of
the ballot having been announced, M. Dupin was pro-
claim al president.
General Belleau, MM. Darn, Benoit d'Azy, and
Leon Faucher, were elected vice-presiden's of the
Assembly. Jules de Lasteyrie has, therefore, been
the only one of the former vice-presidents excluded.
MM. Arnaud (de l'Ariege), Lacaze, Peupin, de
Heckeren, Caart, and Berard were chosen secrete-
rite of the Assembly.
The three first articles of the bill, for settling the
expeuses of the past for the colonisation of Algeria,
without engaging France is new experiments for the
future, are adopted without debate. Art. 4 submits
the agricultural colonies during three years more to
• the military authority. M. Emile Barrault proposed
one year instead of three, :arid maintained that the
colony would be ruined by the term fixed by the bill.
General d'llautpoul opposed the ameudmtnt of M.
Barrault.
I , A tumultuous movement took place in the Assem-
bly, in consequence of the report that a violent alter-
cation was going on in the passages between MM. de
I la Devansaye and Benne. A great number of mem-
I ben rushed oat in great haste.
The cause of the quarrel was this : M. Valentin,
wounded the other day in a duel with M. Clary, had
some votes in his favour ea secretary. This announce-
ment having raised a titter among the :majority, M.
Baune made nee of some expression which was inter-
' preted as an insult by M. de la Deena:lye. A duel
is expected to take place this evening in consequence.
The amendment of M. Emile Barrault was thrown
out. The sittiog broke up without any further
business.

The committee of initiative has had laid before it
a motion of M. Joret, proposing a credit of eight
millions in favour of the establishment of societies of
mutual assurance against hail, losses of cattle, and
other disasters incident to agriculture.
The debate on the press-law is fixed for Monday.

It appears from a statistical document recently
published, that the population of France is now
nearly 36 millions. The census of 1700 made the
population 19,669,000. Thus it appears that France
does not quite double her population in 150 years,
whilst some other countries of Europe double their
population in less than half that period.
Several Frenchmen of distinction quitted Paris this
morning to be present at the funeral of Sir Robert
Peel. M. de la Vale l'Evtque, M. Guizot, and many
of their friends, were among the number of depar-
tures for this object.
The cause of the fall in the funds yesterday having
been removed, the Fives opened to-day at 95, and closed
at 93fr. 20c., a rise of 43c. upon the closing prices of
yesterday. The Threes closed at 57fr. 15c., being a
rise of 30c. Nothing occurred to change a dull course
of business which prevailed.
BOURSE.

Fur Account.

PARIS, JOLT 4. Poe
Menry. ',Opening litibeet. fewest. Closing
II per Dad o. .... 86 95 57 10 57 15 57 0 57 15
8 yet Omlns .—.. 94 99 35 0 95 20 94 90 95 20
5 en MOW Lou... a a II it le
le 16 ller Oate —.. „ re a re
4 Dm Den 18..—...... 74
~ is II
on Lusion: at idght, 75 45 ;1/0 days,i4 32f. II
ettgian,Ur. IX ••••• 09i Money. Noyes Mar 9 Wary
Dm is 1/43 ...... 991 „ I Ronan Leas, 1549 77i „
Dm 16 --....... 91 Ditto, do.— 1140 77 „
Do. 3 r. Treasury Ikea' ... 5 „
Piedmont 5 mar Cents. 81 20 „ Bank Mara

Donut— St. Germain, —; Vanninsa (right bank), 155; ditto
(let bank), 140 ; Paris and Orin 747 If ; Parts and Bonn,
552 30; Bonen sad Havre, MI 50; Wasestiles and aripsyst 50;
Strasbourg and Bale, ;08 71i; Orisons and Vistmos, US 7 • add
Bordeaux, 320; North, 441 11; Paris sad Strawkssirg. 751 TBll7.
and Nantes, 333 73 ; Dieppe and Visoung, 183.

Bra R. PEres HORSE.—It is stated that the horse'
from which Sir it. Peel received his fatal fall on Saturday
wee bought at Tattenalls' on the 22nd of April lost, by Mr.
Beaten Denison, and intended to be offered to Sir Robert
Peel. Mr. Denison rode him daily for a weak. He met
the troops with their bands playing, at well as omnibuses
and sumps in Piccadilly—all whisk the bone pommel with-
out drawing the smallest &position to shy. Mr. Denison
insisted upon Sir Robert riding him fora week before he
desided on keeping him. He did eo, and then requested he ---
night have him. The hone Dad bean regularly hunted, The National Council of Switzerland met at Berne
was eight years old, sad bed hoes ridden by Lord Villiers, on the let. After certain preliminary proceedings,
who thought he would snit his father-in-law ezondinga
well. Foe the lest ewe nionthe Sir Hobert bad ridden Dr. Kern was electedpresident, b 59 votes to 19.
y
horse regularly. The new president delivered a brief address, in which
BOOTH SPA Cottrunv.—The half-yearly general he stated that he would employ all his efforts to merit
mart el this comp= was field yesterday at the Beath Sea the confidence placed in him by the Assembly ;he
Ileess, Charles Franke, Esq., the declared his attachment to the federal institutions,
sableverase, teak the chair, on the omission. The usual and his determination to seek progress by the regular
easenate were reed te the nesting. The charms* said it develo tof them. lie then referred to the affairs
pmea
would appose hem the sonants that the Meanie fee the elf
we 154,825 i. ls. ild., sae that the mitosis were on which the Amiably would have to deliberate, and
. Os. 10d., leaving a basses se gum M. del., from concluded by expiating the wish that the spirit of
illW6- • divideltd me now reposed of lit. per cad-, conciliation and patriotic sentiments would draw
whisk Todd tobollat to 64,0984. Ida. ,6d. Isiah's • bilis" closer the ties which unite the members of the As-
k Imsd ef 9011. sa. 11d. The dividend of if per es._st-,
en the same day as the goverantrat ermalso. Nov- - ' -
gamble The Assembly than elected M. Stampfli
=tits agreed to, the coast adjourned. rice-prescient, and ohoss four secretaries.

SWITZERLAND.