The Express.
London, England, 1850-12-18 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 18, 1850.

Thera is an evident Joel's's la the sngstestion of the mine
ri port that sppropriations for the navel service pr, ye r should
separated from theee for lied sad permeneet °Oleg!'
UNA as bui:dusa dorlu sad navy yard*, and the Uinta at-
tached; stet from the extreerdisary obtains under the Cu.
e' tits department, which, honour important, are sot
essentially naval.
A revision of the code foe the government of the navy
@eau to regales the immediate consid•rstOn of Congress,
Its @Teem of mimes gad punishntents had undergone no
cheap fee ball a century, until the last session, though lie
Mass have been often and ably pointed out ; sad the abo-
lition Of a particular species of corporal punisbment, which
then took plate, without pr aiding ery suhatitu,e, bu left
the MITTION is a .tats el defectiveness, w►ich calls fur prompt
estesertion. 1 therefore recommend that the whole subject
be revised without delay, and each a system established fur
the informations of discipline as shall be at ones humane and
olLotual.

The acocapsnying 'report of the PostmasterGeneval pre-
sents a satistactory view of the operations and condition of
that department.
At the don of the tut fissal yam the length of the inland
mail roans in the United States (sot anthraces the service
is Oregon sad California) was one Itandred and seventy.
eight thessand six hundred sad seventy-two miles; the
annual transpratation thereon forty-cis million five hundred
and forty-one thousand four hundred and twenty-three
miles; sad the annual cost of such transportation two
millions seven hundred and twenty four Maimed four
hundred and twenty. six dollars.
Toe increase of the annual transportation over that of the
preceding year was them millions nine hundred and ninety-
seven thousand three hundred and fifty four miles, and the
increase In cost was three hundred and forty-two thousand
four hundred and forty dollars.
The number of poet calms in the United States, on the
Ent day of July last, was eighteen thousand four hundred
and seventeen—being an increase of sateen hundred and

seventy during the p;ereding year.
The grows ties of the department for the fiscal year
mediae/ June 30th, 1860, amounted to five millions eve
hundred and fifty two thousand nine hundred and seventy-
one dollars and lortpeight cents, including the annual ap-
propriation of two hundred thousand dollars for the franked
matter of the departments, and excluding the foreign post-
a,ies collected for sod payable to the British government.
The expenditures (or the same period were five millions
two hundred end twelve thousand nib.• hundred and fifty-
three dollen and forty-three cents, leaving a balance of
revenue over expenditure' of three hundred and forty
thousand and eightean dollars and five cents.
I ace happy to find that the fiscal condition of the depart-
ment tested% as to justify the postmaster general In recom-
mending the rednetron of our inland letter postage to three
coats the single latter when prepaid, and five cents when not
prepaid. He also recommends that the prepaid rate shall
be redemed to two cents whenever the revenues of the ae-
pennant, after the reduction, shall exceed its expenditures
by men than five per cent. for two consecutive years ; that
the postage upon California and other letters sent by our
ems steamers shall be much reduced ; and that the MOB
at postage on newspapers, pamphlets, periodical., and other
printed matter shall be modified, and tome reducuon thereon
mode.

Itcannot be doubted that the proposed reductioas will,
for the present, diminish the revenue of the t: epartment. It •
is believed that the deficiency, after the surplus already ac-
cumulated shall be reheated, may be almost wholly met
either by abolmhing the existing privileges of sending tree
matter through the mail., or by paying out of the Treasury i
to the Post-office department a sum equivalent to the
postage of which it is deprived by such privileges. The
last I. supposed to be the preferable mode, and will, if not •
entirely, so needy supply that deficiency as to make any
further appropriation that may be found neoeseary so In-
considerable as to form no obstacle to the proposed re-
ductions.
I entertain no doubt of the authority of Congress to make
appropriations for leading objects in that clam of public
works comprising what are usually called works et Internet
improvement. Tau authority I suppose to be derived chiefly
from the power of regulating commerce with tort ion cations,
and among the States, and the power of laying and collect
mg imposts. Where commerce is to be carried on, and ill-
pu.to collected, there most be ports and harbours, ea well as
aaaaa and custone.hosees. if shim, laden with valuable
cargoes, approach the ste..re, or mil elms the coast,
loser are necessary, at suiotole potato, for the proteatiou of
life end ;property. Usher iaeilitm and securile• for men-
agree gnu navigatioa are hardly lees important; and those
Masses of the constituticto, therefore, to which I have
refereed have received from the origin of the government a
liberal and bereticial conetructi m Nut only have light-
houses, buoys, and beam's been eateblished, and float.
lag lights maintained, but harbours bays been cleared
sad improved, piers constructed, and eves breakwaters for
the safety of Nipping, and see wall. to protect harbours from
being Lied up sod rendered nailer by the action of the
mesa, have been erected, at very great expense. And this
construction of the sonstitutiou appears the more reasonable
from the conaideration, that it these works, of such evident
importance and utility, are not to he secorepli.hed by Con.
glom. they canaut be accomplished at all. By the ad..ption
of the constitution, the several ;loves voluntarily parted with
the power of collecting dutie. or impost in their own ports,
Nadu ie not to he *evicts t that they shoold raise money, by
'eternal taxation, direct or innireut, for the benefit of that
sommeree, the an derived Irons which do not, either
a whole or in p.rt, go into their own treasuries.
Nor i.o I perceive any diffetenee between the power of
Congress to make appropriations toe objects of this kind
en the moan, and the power to make appropri dieas fur
similar objects on lakes and river*, who they are
lerge enough to hear on teem waters a *rutile, traffic.
Toe magnilimut Mississippi and Its tributaries, and the
vest lake* el the north sad earth west, app. a- to me to fall
whits tie exercise of the power, as justly and as clearly as
the mean and the Gulf of Mexico. It is a mistake to
maid eapeniiitures odieioady avid, tor 'hem objects as
espenditares for local purpose,. -The position or site of the
week is aecomarily local; but its utility is general. A ship
waalaromd the falls of St. Mary, to less than a mile in
I length, though basal in its oeseructoo, would yet he national
in ate plumes and li• benefit., as it would remove the only
obetrection to a savigation of more Pan a thoosan 1 miles,
affecting several states, as well as our cumm.rcial relations
with Caned*. So, too, the break. stir at the mouth of the
Delaware is erected, not for the exclusive b mitt of the
, states horderieg on the hay and river of that name, but for
that of the whole coastwise navigation of the Uaited States,
and, to a wand, rable extent, also, of foreign Cogglllera. If
a ship be lost on the bar, at this estrange of a southern port,
I fur want of sufficient depth of water. it is very likely to be •
northern ship ; sad it • steasaboas be sunk in any pert of the
I Mbelesippi, on amount of its @hamlet not having been pee-
-1 peril cleared of obeireetiove. it may be a boot belonging to
either of eight ter ten suites. I may add, se somewhat remark-
, able, that among all the 31 stares, there b none that is not,
to • greater or lose extent, bounded on the ocean, or the
r Oalf of Mexico, or one of the great lakes, of some navigable
Hoer.

In fulfilia" our sonstitut coal duties, fellow citizen., on
this satiject ea le tarrying into ant all other powers con-
ferred by the coostitution, we should eo,•ider ourselves as
delioerating sad acting fur one aid the same couttrv, and
hest constantly in mind that our regard and our duty We
due, net to a particular put osiy, but to the whole.
I therefore recommend that appropriations he made for
emplane" such works as have been already begun, and ter
commencing such ethers as may seem to the wisdom of Cos.
grim to be of public and general importance.
The difficulties and delays inc.'. at to the settlemeot of
privet* claims by Cengrees, amount in many cues to a
dealal of justice. There is reams to apprehend that saw
ualeeneata creditors of the government nave thereby been
asavoulably ruined. Cultures has so much bunnies of •
public character that it in inapeiriblo it should give much
' attentios to mere private claims, and their aecaniu.ation is
now so groat that maay claimants must despair of ever
Wag able to obtain a imagine. It may welt be doubted
whether Cosines, frees the nature of its orpanisrion, is
properly sossitoted to decide upon each eases. It in impoe
sible that each member should examine the merits of every
elitist on which he te compelled to vote ; and It is propos.
tangs to ash a judge to decide a case which he has never
Mord. Such decisions may, and frequently must, do iojus•
ties either to the claimant or the got/stemma, and 1 perceive
no bettor remade for this growing evil than the establish.
gust of some tribunal to adjudicate epos inch claims.
1 beg heave, therefore, n oat reap .ctlelly to reccuu-nend that
provision be made by law for the appointment of a commis-
son to settle ell private claims mainn the United Mates;
end se an es parts burlap mast in all untested caste he
very unsatisfactory, I also reciontesend the appointment of •
solicitor, whose duty it shall be to represent the Worriment
before such commissioo, and protect it 'genet all illegal,
frandolent. or unjust claims, which may be presented for
their 'adjudication.
This diarist, which bee neither voice nor vote in your
' deliberations, locks to you for protection and aid, and 1 nem-
mend all its wants to your hivourahle con.idnation, with a
toll cot Menai that you will meet shim not only with Janine
but with liherality. It should be borne in mind that in this
city, laid out by Weahingtoe, end cocaecrated by his maw,
is located the capital of our ustioa,the emblem of our Valois,
awl the symbol of our greetesse. Here also are situated all
the, public buildings necessary for the see of the govern.
meat, and all these ars exempt from 'fixation.
should be the pry le of Americana to render this place
atuattive to the people of the whole republic, and con-
venient and safe for the transaction of the pubic Wanness
sad the preservation of the public records. The governaseat
should, therefore, best a liberal proportion of the burdens
of all necessary sad usefal improvements. And aaccrhing I
could contribute more to the health, comfort, and safety
of the city, and the security of the public buildings and
records than an abundant supply of pare water, I respect. •
tally recommend that you make such provisions for oh-
Wising the same as in your wisdom you may deem
proper.
The act passed at your last maim, making certain pro-
, pusitiote to Team for -tiling the disputed boundary he-
' twee. that State and the Tevritory of New Waled, war
immediately en its pow., assemitted by 'sprees to tie
Governor of Texas, to be laid .4 him Ware the General
Assembly for its agreement then It receipt was duly
atkocurleeged, but no official lo,•sritation has yet been
received of the Lotion of 0•• General AMambly thereon
It may, however, be very soda expeeted• se, by the
terms of the propositioss submitted, they wen to have
been acted upon, on at before the first day o. Mt Peeling
math.
It was hardly to ban bairn expiated that the verbs Of
measures pasted at yew hot eissios, with this view of healing
the sectional dilemmas white had sprang up tram the sla-
very and terviteriel quesetiess, Mould at awes have 'Wised
their bent lewd purpose. All mutual esamenien, in the
nature of a comproselm, musnleNtiailly be uswidamse to
men Mutton* opinions. Aid though withcht inch OW
asesioas oar emstitution could not have Ufa famed, sad
snow be p tly sustained, yet we have awe them
Nab die wbje Cl bitter controversy Is Ma maims

the PapiWM It required meat' maths el dissuades and
delibmation to seam the emeurrenee of a majority of Con-
gress is their favour. It would be Waage if they had bma
romitod with immediate approbation by maple and rates
pnjudieed and hewed by the ezeitisg onnuovenl, a of their
repremstativ.• I believe throe meteor,' to have been re.
Tritest by the circuouttoccs end condition of the country.
I believe they were nes:emery to allay asperities sod ani,
minium that were rapidly alienating one session of the
sosatry from another, ted destroying those fraternal send-
manta whisk am the strong. it supports of the "(institution.
They win adapted la the spirit of coadliation, and for the
rupees efsobeillatios. I believe that a great majority of oar
tellow citizens sympathise in that spirit, and that purpose,
and is the muds approve, sad are prepared in ail respects to
sustain, these enactments. I maws doubt that the hingeless
people. boated together by kindred blood and *Daimon tradi-
time, still cherish • parsmonst regard for the melon of their
When; sad that they see reedy to ,'bake my attempt to
Meese its latogrlty, to disturb the emapromities on which it
is based, or to NSW the laws which have bean enacted under

aathaity.
The sates of sassearis to ad* I has alluded are
regarded W me as a settlement in principle and sub.
stones--a final esttlenient—of the dangerou sad ex-
=dig rubies= whisk they 'abroad. Most of these
sebisets, indeed, are beyond your reach, as the lats.
lotion which disposed of them was, in Bs character, final
and irrevocable. It may be presumed from the °Filiation
which they all encountered, that sons of that measures was
free from impeVectiool, but in their mutual dependence sad
connexion they formed a system of compromise, the most
conciliatory, and best for the entire country, that could
be otrained from conflicting sectional later's= and opinions.
For this reason I recommend your adherence to the ad-
justment established by those measures, until time and
experteato shall demonstrate the necessity of further legisla-
tion to guard against evasion or abuse.
By that adjustoseht we have been rescued from the wide
snd =tunas= agitation that surrounded us, and have a
firm, distinct, and legal ground to rest upon. And the occa.
Moo I trust, will instill me in exhorting my countrymen
to gay upon and maintain that ground as the best, if not
the only means, of restoring peace and quiet to the country,
and maintaining inviolate the integrity of the Union.
And now, fillow-eitisens, I cannot bring this communica-
tion to a close without invoking you to join me in bumble
and devout thanks to the Great Ruler of nations, for the
multiplied blessings which He has graciously bestowed upon
as. His hand, so often visible in oar. preserve ion has
stayed the pebbling, saved us from foreign wars and dimes-
tie diastases*, and scattered plenty throughout the land.
Our liberties, religious sod civil, have bra maintained,
the foustales of knowledge bare all been kept open, and
mesas el happicese widely spread and generally enjoyed,
greater than here fallen to the lot of any other nation. And,
while deeply penetrated with grated* for the past, let u
hope that His ail. era Providence will as guide our councils,
as that they shall result in giving satisfaction to our coca-
tuents, waling the peas of theeonntry, and adding new
strength to the united goverment soder which we live.
MILLARD FILLMORE.
Washington, Deana: 2, 1860.

Oar correspondent at New York agrees with the
majority of the journals in stating, that the President's
message had given general satisfaction.
In the Senate, Mr. Benton bad given notice of
several bills granting lands to construct a railroad
from St. Louis to San Francisco.

The steam•ship Philadelphia wu at New Orleans
with 1,000,000 dollars in specie, and the steamer
Yacht, from Rio Grande, with 100,000. dollars.

There are news from Jamaica to the 14th ult. by
this arrival, but they merely state in general terms
that the ravages of cholera continued to be appalling.

476 y :ciao& *along' end 4.604 dole. to
476 dpi Lea, mid OMs, 4.76449. to
4 874 6e10.; pme dew" 6 dole. to 3 64 d4e. ; Canadian,
ta bowl, 4 gib. 620. Mr memos. sad 4 dole. 681 e 104 dole.
The. he pd sad Marty brands. illathem kinds rare from
6 dub. tai deli 120 for Baltimore, Georgetown, Altman-
drie, Petemearg, and Brandywine. Rye 8 iur is mike. at
3 deb. sad core meal at 3 deli. 124 e. fur Jersey, and
3 dole. 25e. 12 3 dole. 3110. for braodywinit.
Outs.—Pot a week past the rock of wheat hal bean at
the increase, and the marker easier. The export trade has
been entirely en Canadian is bond at 1060. to 1060. for
60 lbs.; white Genesee mills at 118 e. to 1200., and Ohio red
and mimed at 100 e. to 106 e. Bye is lower, with salts et 75e.
per 66 lbs. Barley haa also begone dull at 96e. to 100 k. per
48 lb. Outs are 46e. to 47e. far northern. Imam cora it
very quiet in the abamme of export orders. The ral.is are for
home use at 61e. 1.62 e. for sew northern round, and Mo. for
new southern tat. Old is nominal at 70.. tot round yellow,
sad 66e. tone. for weetere

Vbe Court. .

WINDSOR, Dec. 17.
The Queen and Prinoe Allyn walked this morning
in the Slopes. The royal famiiy took walking and pony in-
sects' in the gross& around the Castle. Prince Albsst
went out hunting this morning, attended b) Colore'
Rouverie. The Dab* and Duchess of Bedford, the Mu.
quite and Marchioness of Westminster, and Lady Nutria
Gras , the Marquis sad Marchioness of Exeter and
Lady M. Cecil, the Earl and Connie*. Spencer and Lady 0.
' Speocer, and Lcrd Ueorge Lvanoz, are expected at the
Castle today, on a visit to the Queen and the Prism. The
royal dinner party at the Casth this eseniog will include
the Duke and Duchess of 11,dford, the Marquis and
Marchioness of Westminster and Lady 0. Grosvenor, the
Mulish' and Marchioness of Raster and Lady Me g Cecil,
the Earl and Countess Spencer and Lady Georgians Spencer,
and Lord George Lesson. Tee band of the Coldstream
Guards will attend daring dinner. The Queen's private
band will afterwards attend in the Castle.

The Duchess of Kent, attended by Lady Fanny
Howard, arrived at her residence, Clarence-how, Bt.
Jane's, at half-peat 11 o'clock yesterday taming, from
Frogman. Her royal highness left town at 2 o'clock in the
afternoon on her return to Propriety.

The Duke of Cambridge arrived in town on Mon-
day night from Dohlin. Yesterday his royal highness went
to Sew to viol the Duchess of Cambridge and the Heredi•
tatioGreand Duchess of Meeklenburgh Sirelits.
Lord
John Russell left his residence, Pembroke-
lodge, Riehmond-park, yesterday oftetnoon for Windsor
Castle.

Mr. John Wood, chairman of the Board of Inland
Revenue, end Mr. Pressly, bad an interview with the Chan-
oellor of the Rachequer yesterday. Colonel Anson had aa
interview with the right bon. baronet on Monday at his
official residence in Downing-street.

Despatches were receiied yesterday at the Colunial-
office from the Governor of Gibreleer.

The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council eat
yesterday. The lords present were:—the Master of the
Role, Mr. Baron Puke, the Judge of the High Court of
Admiralty, and Sir Edward Ryan. An appeal from the
Prerogative Court of Canterbury, "Brame and Edwards r.
Bather" (part heard), wu resumed and concluded. A
report will be found in another column.

The Right Hon. Dr. Luahington, Mr. Palomar,
and Dr. TIMID. of Doeton'•oommons, are appointed arbi•ra-
ton to determine the boundary between the provinces of
Caaada and Nova Scotia, which has for some years been in
dispute.

(Prom last night's Ontettol.
WINDSOR-CASTLE, Dec. 12.—This day bad
andienos ot her Majesty: Monsieur Triooupi, Envoy Es.
traortinaty and Minister Plenipotentiary from the Kiog of
Greece, to deliver his creisatials ; to which he was intro-
duced by Viscount Palmerston, G.C.8., her Majesty's
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,
FORZION-OFPICF, Dec. 17.—The Queen has been
pl-used to appoint George Grey Sullivan, Mg,, now her
Majesty's Consul at Ning-po, to be her Majesty's Consul at
Amoy.
DUCLIY OF CORNWALL, SOMIIRSET-110111114 DEC.
16.—His Royal Biplanes+ Prince Albert has b,on pleased to
appoint John Lucius Dampier, E q , Barrister at-Law, to be
Vice warden of the Runnette', in the county of Devon.