The Express.
London, England, 1850-05-16 00:00:00

LITERATURE.

Thastrirry, Us Allessetabbssi ea is CistastrcpAs. By
Couvuros. Lesasa ; Murray, 060.
The combined Some of Russia sad Austria, sup-
reted by the treachery of Garry, succeeded to
je~shog Hosiery. The wehrtaaate statesmen,
le, mad Ames of the ceentry were hearth
Mnsimpeissaed. ►
and drives tate exae. mese who
oft shelter in Tunny are sow Maud la an Asiatic
Imbeis. The Behan yielded to the three, of Bused,
mdlowities is the elicieney tithe support of western
Imp. sod Kossuth sad his companies, are feet eat
hem the civilised world. Merely • few of the Han-
prime who bad taken an active part is the &obis
struggle a their country *soaped to Beiland and
Finset. Notwithstanding all this Austria is set yet
satisfied. A. long as a eines man survives who has
the courage to give evidence of truth, there is so rest
Ise the Shwa: zenbergs and Bache. Pablie °plaice
gives its verdict against the conqueror.: their trium-
phal ear heomm a pillory. And bere we we Amides
siesta come over to England, to enlist writers in the
defame cf Austria, famishing them with dates and
figures of doubtful correctness. These are accepted
'shish/ by the c zreepoodents of the illiberal pass,
and represented es conclusive facts. But respecta-
ble writers naturally decline to lend their same
to such assertions. Bach publications as A Voice
from the Danube,' or the pamphlet before us are
either anonymous, or presented to the public under a
borrowed name. All the publications of this kind
boar, of cosine, the appearance of liberalism, of
moderation, and of fairness; but to look into them is
at once to detect their inspiration and their repose.
The aim of this pamphlet—which professes. to give
is 02 peg., a correct *mount of the Hangarian cot-
stitutim, the legal administration of the country, and
the laws and the political history of Hungary since
1843—is to prove that the Magyar revolution was not
• movement in defence of the ancient constitution of
B , and that it did not fail Omagh the
truaebery et (lorry. To sustain this opinion the laws
of 1848 an represented not as a reform, bat as a new
sonfatitaion, abolishing the ancient one. One might
as well say that the Reform Bill and free trade abro-
gated the ancient constitution of England.
The first seserVon of the author to support
his view is, that " the remarkable constitution of
Hungary has been handed down for eight centuries
almost without the slightest change; and the tin-
ehangeoble character of which bespeaks at once the
Eastern origin of the people who have maintained it."
The boldness of this assertion is remarkable. The con-
stitution of Hungary, like the English one, ackaow-
lodged three powers, viz. the crown, the peers, and
the commons. Every one of these powers underwent
emaiderable alterations in the course of eight cen-
turies. The crown, hereditary in the male line of the
house of Arpad, becalm elective in the fourteenth
century. In the sixteenth century Ferdinand I.
was called to the throne of Hungary, and with him
the house of Hapsburg, but the succession remained
elective amongst the members of the reigning family
by the law. Under Leopold I. primogeniture was
established is the male line; under Charles 111. it
is extended to the female line. The power of the
mown woe often limited. Under Andrew 11., in the
thirteenth century, the clause of re.istance was car-
ried—under Albert, in the fifteenth century, the law
prohibiting the king even to accept the imperial
Grown of Germany, if offered to him, without the cot.
sent of the Hungarian diet. Under Leopold the First
the clause of reeietarce was abolished, the rights of
the crown enlarged, but Canino§ will hare all
this as a proof of the unchangeable character of the
Hurries constitution.
The division of the diet into two houses took place,
es the author h;mself relates, about the beginning of
the sixteenth century. Under Bigisraund, parlia-
mentary representation was granted to the towns.
Uatil the sixteenth century every freeman personally
Is/speared on the diet. Tee erten' of representatives
became prevalent only under the Austrians; and
Cominus tells us that the constitution of Hungary
was banded down for eigh: centuries almost without
the slightest change.
Itiring several centuries the Siege of Hungary
governed the realm by the palatine, the chief justice,
the chancellor, the treasurer, and the woiwcdes. In
later perio:ls the administration underwent manifold
shunts. In the last century, under Charles the
Third, the chaseee7 (canedlaria sulks), the royal
limas nantcy (wiarilium nyrium locum tenentiele), and
the treasury (caner re la) were established by the
diet—irreemasible boards Instead of responsible eig-
*heti. s. For the author all this is co change in the
mostitutioo, but he calls it an abolition ot the me-
ditation, when these irresponsible board. are replaced
by a responsible ministry, when the franchise is ex-
tended, and the instructions to the representatives,
which tee author himself represents u a nuisance
Osage 34), are abolished in the legal way by the

As to the historical researches of the author, we
only menden that he speaks of an octarchy as exist-
ing in Hungary for two centuries and thus adopts
as an ucqueeducable fact, the exploded hypothesis of
a On man historian in the eighteenth century, which
sever was proved by historical evidence. Cor-
visas tells us further teat the dignity of Palatine was
generally conferred on a near relative of the reigning
monarch, whilst this never has been the case before
1790, and for eight centuries and a half but three
princes of the blood have occupied the place, the
Archdukes Alexaader, Joseph, and Stephen.
But we cannot be astonished at such blunders in a
pamphlet where the superficial accounts of the tourist
Rey, are quoted as an authority on social rela-
tions in Hungary. Thus traveller says that "the noble
was inviolable in his person, his goods were not sub-
jest to a gut-etre:ion at the suit of a creditor, nor
emelt he be imprisoned upon any charge."
Yet everybody who has lived in Hungary
bows, that sequestration at the snit of
a creditor, was by no means a rare visitor at the coun-
try houses of embarrassed nobles, and that more than
eat law faciliteed the transmission of the land to the
mortgagee. The noble could always be impri-
soned, if taken in jbgrante delecto, in continua
Wions, or übi 'mew projugii subeersatur.
eectic goes so far as to relate that " in the rich
Banat a farm free from all charges was worth 200
ferias the acre, whilst urberial lard, subject to the
*barges which are attached to the peasant, was worth
ealy 30 florins the acre." Quite the contrary the
erheriel land, as having always a clear title, and not
bsing subjected, like the " Allodial," to the: right of
" Aviticity," was much higher in price than the
Reim.

FILMY ACIEUTIC.AL SOCIZTT.—Lest night a oonver-
mhos was g.ven by Mr. Squire, Propane of the Phar-
matmentleal Society, at the society's rooms, in Blussibury -
augers. The more immediate deafen of the Motion was to
mead a knowledge of the object of the society, which is to
nine the ateadard of the pharmanunit, by afkirdirg him
the mesas of aegniriag a mon agouti& knowledge of his
asstariw *as be maid possibly situs ham mere 'assign-
this wpm he mast anted a regular onne of
lestimee ma botany, snatsria esedica, sad chemistry. And
'mewl the objects ezhibited last alOt to the numerous
vi iton who crowded the rooms, was a kmadeome tea-service
el plat., which has just been permeated by the students to
Kr. Redwood, the protester of chemistry, as a mark of their
*Mum for his seal sad Medium There were various other
*Meets ernaged ia the different rooms, the most attractive
of which seemed to he a series of ventilators of various
designs and beautiful coastramien • but in general all the
articles were saluted with jednat:int, being calculated no
lees to gratify the en than to interest the visitor, sad im-
press his with adu sum of the purposes for which the
gaiety hes bees thatitated. The rooms were dessaly
theeaged throughout the nosiest

lks BIOGING-LWITIA •
FalteWELL.—
Beesetimea, when he is aura that 1 ham kola* hie out, gad
that there a so chance of moony, he writes to iatann me
that I bare got rid of him at lam. He las ealisted tato the
Compeity's service, and is of directly— bat be wants a
11111141111. He is informed by the sergeant that ft is essential to
his prospects in the regiment that he should take oat
logle4ilounester erne*, weighing from twelve to fifties
”_rd.. Eight or Mae Millen, would buy it. He does sot
ask for money, after what km pared ; but 'llamas at also
lormoirow tanning, may ha hops to Bad • chew ? And is
Shore anything Ile ma do to show hie gratitude In Bengal ?
Oar, be wrotems rathar a special letter proposing relief la
Lid. He bad got iato a little trouble by leaving parcels of
mad done ate is brown paper, at people's house., oo pretest*
of Meg a railway porter, in which character he received
orriagt.mataey. This Tartane fatty he ezplattel in the
Hesse of Carnotite. Not keg after hie relies*, end on a
liaaday morslag, be *ailed with a letter (having Int dusted
himself all over), la wbilt he gave me to undeniand
Mat, Wag resolvad to sera an hamlet livelihood, he
had bee. travelling about the country with a cart of
mock. ry. That he had been doing pretty well, until the day
briers, oboe Ile horse bad dropped down dead Dr ar Chatham,
Is Hoot. That this bed reduced him to the unpleaaaat
masassity diem* into the shafts himself, and drawing the
sort of smeltery to Loudon— • somewhat eat lusting poll of
thirty miles. That he did cot venture 1) ask again for
meg ; bat that HI would lave the goodies' fo king h ixs
OW a /enjoy, be would cell for the saimal Wore break.
611.--biehases "liousehold Words."

DUBLIN. VA? lb.

Mr. Sharman Crawford bee intimated his intention
of being present at the tenant right conference in
Dobbs, and of postponing the introduction of his own
b:11 eia the landlord and tenant question, fur the pur-
pose sr having its principle dimmed by the member.
of the eonfarenee.
At ya'ap's sale, is the Encumbered Estates
Court, the fise gawk of the lash at Bellybrooopte, in
the county of Limerick, oontatubig nearly 99 acres
statute messere, and producing a yerer4 rent of
128 L 14e. 3d., subject to the quit-rent d . 94., was
sold for 1.2284 or ten years' purchase, to Mr. Thomas
Boyce. There were also several lots of hhu e pro-
perty in Dublin disposed of. &me belonging
to Philip H. Cramptnu, Rig., and producing
a net rent of about 4701., brought in the
eggrogateo,7lloL, or between 8 sad 9 years' purchase.
For some other lots of a similar drsoription, and be-
longing to Messrs. Cannons, no enfilcient sums were
offered, and the sale was postponed, but a few lots ofl
their property were disposed of at a fair rate, the'
houses, in the caws of both properties, being situatedl
in impoverished gas:tete of the city.
A portion of the estate of Daniel Todd, in the
county of Donegal, poetpmed at a former ale, when
Baum& Castle and demons were sold, was put up
yesterday, and brought at the rate of about 12 years'
purchase, or 7301. for a net rental of 801. 7s.
In reply to a gentleman who inquired if a portion
of the purchase money would be allowed to remain
outstanding until Sir John Hominy's bill passed,
Baron Richards stated that the court could not make
any engagement with purchasers. The bill alluded
to might pass, and it might never pass. The court
would not press purchasers to ledge the whole of the
purchase money, and if they wished to 'peculate
upon the event of the bill parsing, they might do so;
bat the court would enter into no engagement one
way or the other. If purchasers lodged part of the
money, the court would give them a reasonable time
to pay the residue.
The &ening Post states that "seven! portions of
the Portarlington estates held under lessee of lives
renewable for ever, hare been purchased by privaie
contract—the commissioners being empowered to
grant a parliamentary title—at 27 years' purchase on
the rents reserved."

It is understood that there will be no sales in the
Encumbered Estates Cour, from the first week of
August till the second week of October.
It has been proposed that a public meeting should
be held in Dublin for the purpcse of considering the
merits of a plan proposed by Mr. Jasper Rogers to
apply his deodorising process to the sewerage of the
city, without haring recourse to the offers made by
Mr. Moffatt to construct works here for the purpose.
The Rev. Mr. Townsend, of Skibbereen, who took
so leading a part in the efforts made to relieve the
distress of that district during the late years of famine
died last week.

EXTEAORDINAIT ACCIDENT TO A DOWNPATRICK
CoArs.—On Wednesday evening last is one of the passenger
enders was prow ec ing to D onipstriek, with eighwea out-
side passengers, and three inside, and when nearlinnebrogue
the horses took fright at an am on the road, and ran off at •
furious rate. The body of the earth swerved from side to
aid", and ultimately tumbled over into a diteb, leaving the
affrighted passeogen in a predicament better imagined than
described. The hints scampered oa with wheels and
springs, bat after runnier tor mon time, the driver suc-
ceeded in pulling them up. Fortunately the puseagen
were all extricated from their pardon simation without auy
of them having received injury.—Banner of Ulster.

FINE ARTS.

ROYAL ACADEMY.

Whatever may be the doubts entertained as to the
ultimate welfare of art in general in the contemplated
change of domicile of the Academicians, there can
be no question as to the immense advantage any
change would confer on the art of the sculptor, whose
increasing powers and means of displaying them,
seem, as it were, to move in as inverse ratio. While
there is a gradual and sensible increase in the num-
ber of sculptural works admitted, there is a cues-
quint diminution of space and distance required by
the laws of optics to judge properly of their effect;
in this respect, as well as the dense agglomeration of
perossages, mythical, poetical, and his'oricsl, this
sombre receptacle bids fair to rival Westminster
Abbey.
From the 163 works exhibited, whether in marble,
freestone, or plaster, many might be selected which
socore.fully rival the old masters in masculine vigour
of execution and polished chiselling powers, but few
which do not bring to mind foreione conceptions.
Albeit, if smacking too strongly of Vatican cr Capi-
toline reminiscence, or of the starched arehitectorie
sculpture of Gothic carvers, there is also a healthy
substratum of latent power, which only needs expan-
sion to be suddenly felt.
Mr. 3PDowell has added the refined touches of
marble to the " Group of Virginias and Daughter,"
which obtained such deserved admiration when ex-
hibited, two or three years since, in plaster, as well
for the beautiful contrast of the slender and collapsed
form of the maiden with that of her sinewy and
wrathful sire, as for its superior mastery of form.
The heads and limbs are modelled with infinite deli-
cacy, as are the extremities, but the tunic of the small
figure has not the same. finished severity : the same
applies to the mode of rendering, which descends
from the true dignity of sculpture to aim at simple
imitation; but the strict attention to the grace-
ful combination of line from every point of
view, and for which the old sculptors were
so remarkable, also deserves notice. In his
earlier and more simple style is the pensive
figure of " Psyche," as ;graceful sad ideal in form as
the " Model of William, Earl of Warren, to be cut
is bronze for the New Palace of Westminster," is the
contrary ; the sway of the figure is bold, and conforms
is the mail-attire to the style of the Gothic niche.
The same cannot be said of two figures which flank
it on each side, and bound to the same destination;
and unless it be historically correct that "Long-Spec,
Earl of Salisbury," bad hands double the size of
ordinary mortals, and bandy lege, we recommend
Mr. John Thomas to reconsider the subject before
these violations of laws human and divine be per-
petuated in metaL
Sir R. Westmacott has as suessefully revived the
spirit of the old monumental effigies in that of the
" Most Rev. William Howley, late Archbishop of
Canterbury." not alone in the peaceful attitude of
perpetual slumber, bat in the finesse of the lineaments,
the ornamental elaboration of the details, whether
that of the robs or the couch, as to please the most
medieval tastes; but the complement of colour and
enamelling has been tastefully omitted. A mere ver-
sion of inanimate sculpture is Mr. E. IL Bally'.
" Sleeping Girl :" the simplicity cf the attitude is scalp-
tend with admirable art; the drapery, and the peculiar
Ltesof the andevelotod lemma* form are yen-
dwith the skill of a master; the fastidious might
demand a soupcon more beauty in the countenance,
even though it may be a portrait. But that which
almost amounts to an event in art, is that Mr. Bally
should exhibit a male nude figure, which, if we err
not, he has not done for many years. The "Youth
returned from the Cases" seems to have been eat oat
rather for a Narcissus, so closely does it verge on
effeminacy, and so seemingly rapt in himself. The
simple in pose and well-frame recall the antique, but
the hair, instead of being in small and crisped curls,
as that of either Roman or Athenian, has the
nasculptural length of the 19th century; Wool
it becomes necessary to lecture the brethren of
the chisel on their perrogus and preposterous raw
penter's shavings with which they adorn their best&
It would also be beseficial to advert to the habit of
picking out holes in the eyes, which was only prac-
tised in florid styles and at Whores!' periods. Notwith-
standing, there are some remarkable works in this de.
partniebt chiefly found affixed with theca's, of Mr. J.
Mogan, who has • floe likeness of Father Mathew. Mr.
Jaen his a neatly out countenance, representing
Lela Mutes. Mr. C. Moore, P. Park, and Mr. Davis,
also shine in this department; nor may we forget the
westerly skill of Mr. H. Wishes, who has pleasingly
blended subject with portraiture in "Resting after
the Run," and last, though not least, the Pleasing
little figurines by Mr. Thoeseycroft.
In sculptural genre 'objects, " A Huntress with a
leveret and grass-honed," by Mr. J. Wyatt, and Mr.
Thrupp's " Boy catching a butterfly," may be no-
ticed as evincing the care and talent invested in
trivial 'arrives of action; surely one may expect a
greater action of the brain, from those who have so
successfully mastered the technical part of the art.
With the "Madonna and child," by Mr. E. Davis, a
work fall of promise which worthily closes the
catalogue-list, these remarks may close.

UNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL,
Osman, MAT 16 —la the Cloannedloa to be holdia as
gdziggp aom, the 16th issteat, at tea ealork, the Male
it the new. Piers Weekly Clanghtee, 11 A., of Ualvershy
College, who has been duly teeminated to issued to the
dike W Select Preacher at Ildietteelmas, 1860, la the phut
of the Rev. John Gibbose Leageeville, M.A., of Waltham
College resign* trill be sehinisted to the hones.
The Javier Please ertll resolve the seam of n-
ano who Masi he War themesiree for the Erwin
Omober =hri as Monday, Map 10th, from W&week
To 1 weedgy. Week.
boss 12 tin 1, ; Wednesday, 22ad,
frm O
Castnamotne, MAT I6.—At a me ties holies this
day the, itillewing degrees were son LL.D. : William
Wright, Trinity College.-111.A.: C. J. Kock, Thaler Cu).
IMP 3. 6- &With, Teal/ nall: P. A. Longman, Imma-
nuel Cons-11 A : R. ht. noprs,Riag's Whop ; H. J.
nomads, Ilag's College ; E. B. Team, Else's College;
Matt. Tierney, Trinity Wiese ; C. O. M'Phorson,
Potwi'LL P. C. Leeson, Catherine ;W. Ship-
man, Hall ; J. 0. Tremthaa, Zonmaaael College.
ThesuweWherae. MA., of Bresen-enee College, Oxford,
wee adulated ad ermines.
New !masa= —lt is seated that the bet bishop of the
see to be Amid by the Centerbary settlement la Now
Zealand win be the Rev. Themes :ashen, Canon of 81.
Pears sad Principal of the ?Males College at Battersea.