The Express.
London, England, 1861-03-02 00:00:00

THE EZPRESS, SAWADAIT. EVENING, MARCH 2, 1861. *

his intention, as we gathered from his original'
notice, was to call attention not only to the mis-
deeds committed in Italy, but to the moral
accountability of the British Government therefor.
With the eiceptioh, however, of a flippant fling or
two at Lord Joint RrssELL about Church-rates
and Parliamentary Reform, Lord NORMANDY forgot
his friends at demo; and Lord Woosnorsr [eit
it necessary at the commencement of his reply to
apologise for seeming to offer a defence where no
substantial attack had been made. Possibly that
is a pleasure to come.

No opposition was made to Admiral Des-
cants's motion for the appointment of a commit-
tee to inquire into the constitution of the Admi-
ralty administration, and the discussion het
night assumed an unusually personal character.
The general opinion among those, whether in the
House or out of doors, who have studied the
working of the present system, is, that any change
made should be in increasing the responsi-
bility, and therefore the internal authority,
of the chief of the department. Considerable sur-
prise is expressed in communications we received
yesterday from officers who have held important
commands, at the decidedly favourable language
in which Mr. Wernisaan felt at liberty to speak
on Thursday of the state of discipline in the Navy.
The hon. gentleman's information is, of course,
to be respected as of official authority. But it is in
striking disagreement with that which reaches us
from the Mediterranean and the Cape, and we
know that it has caused astonishment amongst
officers who take the deepest interest in all that
concerns the contentment and efficiency of the
service.

. LATEST INITILICIENCE
-,,-
RUSSIA AND POLAND.
DISTURBANCES AT WARSAW.
THE TROOPS FIRING UPON THE PEOPLE.
(num% Tzmaimis.)

ST. PETERSBURG, Kam 2.

The following despatch, dated Warsaw, Feb. 27,
has been received here :—" Riotous assemblages are
forming in several streets. The troops have been
pelted with stones, and replied by firing on the
people, killing six , and wounding a similar
number."

The following despatch, dated Warsaw, Feb. 28,
has also been received :—" Order has been re-
established. In the event of fresh disturbances
taking place, a state of siege will be proclaimed."

HUNGARY.

PESTI', lieun 2.

The municipality of Peath has seut a deputation
to the Tavernicus, to request the removal of the
imperial police.
The judicial conference has resolved upon re-
establishing the district courts of justice.

ITALY.

NAPLES, ILutca 1, 4 r.m.

This morning Prince Carignan paid a visit to
Admiral Mundy on board the Hannibal, and was
motived with great honours.
The English fleet will leave to-morrow for Malta.
The frigate Victor Emanuel goes to Messina. The
Neapolitan nobles who bad fled the country are
returning every day.

FRANCE.

PARIS, FRIDAY EVINUFG.

The diacnamion on the draft address was con-
tinued to-day in the Senate. Prince Napoleon, in
his speech, said :

" I am astonished at the violence of the discus-
sion. I leave to liberal opinion in Europe, to the
patriotism of the Italians, to the 200,000 soldiers
who, with the Emperor at their head, made the
campaign of Italy, the task of repaying to the insults
which you have listened to. (Cheers.) The
empire represents modern society, its progressive
tendencies, and the liberal principles of 1789.
(Loud cheers.) The peoples are not mistaken if
they rely upon Napoleon lIL, who will not fail in
his mission."

The Prince then recalled the words of the Em-
peror respecting Gaeta, and said : " Count Macke-
ren has confounded the words ' pity ' and sym-
pathy,' the latter being only felt by the Emperor
for the glorious cause of Italy, and for the allies
who have shed their blood at our sides at Magenta
and Solferino."

The Prince defended the English alliance against
the Marquis Larochejequelin, and said :
" That alliance is not with some particular
ministers, but with the great ►nd liberal English
people. It is an alliance with which we can defend
the great principles of liberty and progress."
The Prince justified the policy of Piedmont in
Italy, and maintained that the unity of Italy was
favourable to France, of whom (he said) she was
the natural ally. He uttered some sympathetic
words respecting Venice, but said that he should
deplore any untimely attack. He foresaw that
Italy united would soon demand Rome as her
capital, and continued :
" The difficulty is to ensure the independence of
the Pope, who cannot become subject to another
sovereign. But by securing to the Pope the right
aide of the city of Rome, with a papal garrison and
a papal budget, guaranteed by the Powers, his in-
dependence would be ensured."
The Prince was essentially opposed to the union
of the temporal and spiritual power, which would
be subjection of the conscience.
,(The sitting is adjourned.)

THE SIEGE OF MESSINA.
TURIN, FRIDAY ETLYINCI.
The journal L'Dalia says :
"According to despatches received hero from
General Cialdini, the resistance of General Far-
gola, governor of the citadel of Messina,
arises from orders received by the latter from
Francis 11.

"The siege will be commenced in a few days."

DENMARK.

COPENIIAGEN,

The Berlingske Tidende of to-day says :—"
cording to reliable information, the Minister of
State for Holstein will proceed to Itzehoe in the
quality of commissioner, the nomination of M.
Rowentlowa having been withdrawn by govern-
ment."

EXPRESS FROM PARIS.

Max °us OWN

PARIS. FITDAT EVIIIIIDIO.

It is stated in au accredited lithographed corre-
spondence that within the last two days there has
been a talk of a note received by Prince Metternich
front the court of Vienna, which he has communica-
ted to M. Thouvenel. In this note, as it is asserted,
the Austrian government declares that it will
never recognise Victor Emmanuel as King of Italy ;
that if France recalls her troops from Rome, she
will immediately replace them by an Austrian
army, and that if the revolution makes the least
movement in Venetia or Hungary, she will cross
the Mincio. The correspondence, while admitting
that it does not know far this rumour may be
founded, adds that it has produced a considerable
sensation in the political world.
After my letter of yesterday, containing a sum-
mary of the opening of the debate in the Senate,
was despatched, the Marquis de Larochejaquelin
proceeded at tremendous length to attack the Italian
policy of the French government. He quoted
largely from the blue books, to show that the Pope
and General Lamoricihre bad been deceived and
betrayed by French promisee. This recusant
legitimist, who, since he donned the senator's
uniform, has been repudiated by his own family,
now endeavours to regain caste by standing forward
as the advocate of the bishops. The sharp look
out kept by M. Troplong, who presided at the
debate, prevented him from making any very
direct onslaught upon Pontius Pilate, but
Le was very hard indeed upon Herod,
Caiphas, and Judas, under which typical names
the Bishop of Poitiers designated Victor Emmanuel,
Garibaldi, and Cavour. In the course of his speech
he asserted that a recent French minister at Rome,
Count de Rayneval, since deceased, encouraged the
Roman government not to grant reforms, thereby
acting against his official instructions. This accu-
sation was vehemently repelled by M. Thouvenel,
Count Walewski, and Prince Napoleon, and IL
Troplong repeatedly and authoritatively called upon
M. de Larochejaquelin to retract his words, but he
firmly refused to do so, saying that he was able to
prove what he advanced. A most important
speech was made by M. Pietri, who roundly
declared that the temporal power of the Pope was
" lost" by the fault of his own counsellors,
and that the only thing now to be
hoped for was to save his spiritual power. This
statement was received with noisy marks of dissent
by many senators. When it is remembered that
K Pietri is a Corsican, that he was made a senator
as a reward for his services as prefect of police of
Paris, and that only last year he was confidentially
employed by the Emperor in Savoy and Nice, the
great importance of his speech will readily be con-
ceived. To-day it is understood that Prince Napo-
leon will speak against the court of Rome.
It is worthy of remark that the old legitimist
senators, in supporting the cause of the temporal
power, artfully inculcate a jealousy of England,and
taunt the Emperor with having followed English
policy ever since Villafrance. Their tactics, how-
ever, which would only lead to a general war for
the most quixotic purposes, will not prevail against
the opinion of the country, which is certainly em-
bodied in the emphatic declaration of the draft
address of the Corps Legislatif that the two great
requirements for France are "pesos and economy."
M. Pistri's speech quite realises the idea of an
address sketched by the Siede, which suggests
that it should run something in this way :

Bire,—On grounds which it is unnecessary to discuss, you
have felt bound to grant complete protection to the Pon-
tiled government. Events stronger than your will have
decided the fate of Italy. The princes for whom you dis-
played so much generosity hare lost all hope of ever re-
amed* their thrones. The Pope, deaf to all your warn-
ings, ham lost his temporal power by the force of things
and his own multiplied faults. But one mission now
remains to be fulfilled, which is to reconcile if possible the
Pope with the King of Italy ; but if your good °Blocs
cannot succeed is realising that object, if you encounter
only obstinacy and ingratitude on the part of the Holy
Father's advisers, faithful to the principle you have pro-
claimed you have only to withdraw your troops, and leave
the issue to the necessity of a compromise, which the
Pontifical government will feel when it shall be no longer
protected by the arms of France.
The Bourse was almost stagnant, and the Rents
left off at yesterday's prices. The Caine Mires and
the Porte of Marseilles rose sfr. each. Railways
were higher; Western rising 10fr., and Orleans and
Lyons bfr. each.
The Pays treats as a fable the news given, as it
says, by English journals, that the Bishop of Pekin
has been banished from that capital by the Emperor
of China. The Patric traces the news above contra-
dicted to an English journal of Hong Kong, which
said that the French bishop, Mgr. Moulin, had been
arrested and was iu the grektest danger ; it says
that this statement is not only untrue, but that, ac-
cording to all the latest advioes, the relations of
the French missionaries with the Chinese govern-

ment were very satisfactory.
The following are the members of the Legislative
Body who have inscribed their names to take part
in the discussion on the address :—Against : MM.
de Flavigny, Gouin, Kolb-Bernard, Plichon, Kel-
ler, Amyl, O'Quin, de la Tour, de Cuverville,
d'Audelarre, Ouyard-Delalain, and Jubinal. On
the paragraph relating to finances : MM. Devinck
and Gouin. On that relating to peace :M. d'Au-
delarre. On that relating to Italy : MM. O'Quin,
Mellon, de la Tour, Anoel, Guyard-Delalain,
Greyfitf, de Belleoombe, and Ducks.

PRUSSIA AND ITALY.

Herr von Vincke, the mover of the resolution in
the Prumisn Chambers in favour of Italian unity,
writes as follows to the Perseveranal :

The journals report that an appeal is being made in Italy
for offering me a testimonial for a motion in the Prussian
parliament, via. that "it is for the interest of Prussia, and
of Germany generally, not to oppose in any way the con-
solidation of the unity of Italy. Animated by the liveliest
desire of witnessing the constitutional unity of hely under
the sceptre of her brave king, Victor Emmanuel, I thick
it my duty to call to mind that my motion--cousidering the
occasion and motive of it—was not intended toe:press sym-
psthy—a thing barren enough in politica—but to indicnte in
the interest of Prussia and Germany the lino of conduct
which the Prussian government ought to follow in the opi-
nion of the Chamber of Deputies' that is, to abstain from
all interference—even diplomatic interference—in the affairs
of a nation as great as it is full of goal intentions towards
Prussia (as I have a right to presume); of a nation which
fights for its unity, the fulfilment of which by pacific
means is for the interest of Europe, and on which flennany
hopes that she may count in case of opposition being made
in the name of Europe to the abuse of force by any power
whamoever.

For these reasons the undersigned feels it, however reluc-
tantly, to be hie duty to refuse a mark of recognition, on the
part of Italy, of a proposition which he made as a Prussian,
and in the interest of Prussia. Consequently, while warmly
Manikin so many Italian patriota, I ask them to devote the
product of their subscriptions to the aid of the families of
the brave soldiers who have recently taken the fortress of
Gaeta under the royal flag of his Majeaty Victor Emmanuel
G. vox Vacua.

The Giornale di Verona (a poor authority) of the
25th ult., says that llassini is now at Caprera " to arrange
the next expedition with his lieutenant, Garibaldi."

General Teacher de la Pagerie, who is related to
the Emperor Napoleon through the Emprem Josephine,
has for someday, Well very seriously ill. He is upwards of
eighty ye in of age. The disi before yesterday the Emperor
paid him a visit.

HUNGARY.

pros ous ows

PF3PA. Pu.

Since my loaf letter the Hungarian crisis has
passed through 'different important phases. The
counties, nothing daunted by the bullying tone of
the royal order in council of January 16, and un-
moved by the advice of the Cardinal Primate, con-
tinned to protest against any unilateral change of
the laws of 1848, and the county of Pesth sent a
most courageous address to Vienna, reminding
Francis Joseph of the oath of all his predecessors,
and of the violations of the constitution by several
of his ancestors, which never could subdue the
spirit of the nation, and always resulted in the
new confirmation of the old rights and 13rivileges of
the kingdom. The county quotes all the laws upon
which she takes her ground, and clearly shows that
it is not Hungary but the government that is in the
wrong. The unanimous and unflinchingresolution of
the nation to stand by the law seemed to make a deep
impression at Vienna, but suddenly the bright
hopes of Hungary darkened. The eminently pacific
speeches of the Queen of England and the Emperor
Napoleon revived the absolutist tendencies of the
Court party, and since it became known how actively
Sir Henry Bulwer bullies Prince Couza of Moldo-
Wallachia, in order to put a stop to the prepare-
tions of our exiles, to whom we are mainly indebted
for the concessions already given, the reactionary
party has gained new strength. M. Schmerling, the
renegade of liberalism in 1848, whose fatal policy at
Frankfort treacherously prepared the complete
'failure of all the endeavours of the Germans to
arrive at German unity, returns again to the
old plans of Baron Bach. Hungary is to
be governed in the interest not of Hungary,
not of Austria, but of the German provinces of
Austria, and the means for it are once more the old
Austrian 1101471111111, repression and the state of
siege. Schmerling wishes, indeed, to be more cun-
ning than Bach—he does not show his absolutist
tendencies so openly as his predecessor ; he speaks
of constitutional forms, but his plan is centraliza-
tion and bureaucracy. The fact that, according to
the Hungarian constitutional system, the officials
do not command, but obey—that they do not one
the law, but have to execute it under the control of
the county meeting, goes so muoh against his
grain, that he believes the county administration to
be equivalent to anarchy. He speaks now of Austria's
mission toteach Hungary whatadministastion means.
Belonging to the German nation, which among all
the nations of Europe has most completely lest
all traditions of self-government, he does not con-
ceive a state where the executive official should not
be under the direct control of the central govern-
ment. Such being the case, he tries to stem the
Hungarian movement, and to return once more to
centralization. Since, in September, 1848, he suc-
ceeded at Frankfort in proclaiming the state of siege
and still continuing the debates of parliament, be
really believes that a constitution, elections, and
legislative assemblies may be reconciled with the
state of siege. But he forgets that if German
metaphysicians and philosophical lawgivers could
combine martial law with free discussion about
the rights of man and about the attributions
of a German emperor, the primitive Hungarians
have not yet reached the same degree of doctrinaire
civilisation. We are fully prepared either for the
state of siege or for a legal parliament ; but we
cannot blow hot and cold in the same breath. If
martial law is to be proclaimed there will be no
elections and no parliament. We understand
despotismhave learned to understand it by
the experience of twelve unhappy years : and we
understand liberty; but we do not understand, and
we repudiate despotism under the cloak of con-
stitutional liberty. Fiume, our seaport, has
already been placed under martial law because
the town repeatedly expressed its desire of
remaining united with Hungary; and we fear very
much that other parts of the kingdom will soon be
put in a state of siege. The Baron Vay came on the
14th down to Pesth to meet the lord-lieutenants of
all the counties, and to take their advice. He was
downcast, and openly avowed that his position
becomes untenable. He told the lord-lieutenants
that unless the counties pay the illegal taxes, the
reactionary party will get the upper hand at Vienna,
and the hopes of a reconciliation will soon have
to be abandoned. Still the lord-lieutenants de-
clared unanimously that nothing less than the
laws of 1848 can satisfy the Huugga
and they requested the Cardinal ate
to go to Vienna and to try once more
to induce the Emperor not to insist upon
illegalities and to observe the law. His
chances might have been somewhat bettered by the
surrender of Gaeta, had not the Archduchess Sophie,
the mother of the Emperor, within the last month
regained some of that iufluence which she so fatally
exerted in 1848. Since at that period she suc-
ceeded in rousing Croatians, Serbs, and Roumans
against Hungary, the same policy is again resorted
to. The Austrian officers and the taxgatherers,
who have now nothing to do since nobody pays
taxes, go about and incite the different races against
the Hungarians, and try by all means to bring
about collisions between the people and the army.
They bind the Hungarian cockade to the tails of
their doge, they insult those who wear the Hun-
garian colours, they speak in public places agaivat
the men whom Hungary loves to honour,
but the common sense of the people has until
now bravely and wisely resisted such provocatives.
Whether our Croatian, Serb, and Rouman brethren
will be wise enough to resist the wiles and promises
of Vienna time will show. Twelve years of prac-
tical oppression ought to have taught them how
little Austriakeeps her promises, and how dangerous
a business it is to save her. England ought like-
wise to know that to save Austria does not pay ;
but, unfortunately, the agents of the English
government do all they can to estrange Hungary
from England ; they speak about the necessity of
galvanising the corpse of Austria, of keeping that
state alive which has lately become a mere geo-
graphical expression. Thus the hopes of Hungary
turn towards Napoleon, and when the fatal hour of
Austria strikes—and strike it will, it must—inde-
pendent Hungary will be the ally of France, not of
England.
Nothing can save Austria, as an empire, but the
restoration of the laws of 1848. The state of siege
will send at once more men to prison, into exile, to
the gallows, but it will soon destroy Austria. We
had for a while the hope that everything might be
peacefully arranged ; now we see once more that
liberty must be bought by the blood of martyrs and
of heroes ; and Hungary was always the moat
fertile soil of martyrs and heroes.

In the Italian Chamber, during the discussion
on the bill referring to the future title of the King, Senator
Pena.) made some objections to the title of "King of Italy,"
which he thought resemWed the old feudal forms too
much, aml therefore might be much more advanta-
geously replaced by the other form—" King of the
Italians." Count Crvour, in reply, remarked that the
Queen of England was not called Queen of the English,
although the English were the nation which understood
liberty best ; but that if it were objected that the English
are characteristically attached to old customs and traditions,

be would quote an instance of a people who had no feudal
traditions whatever, viz—the North Americans, who
called the chief of their government " President of the
United States," and not " President of the Americans."
After this explanation, Senator Panto withdrew his
objection. _

A report has been recently presented to the Paris
Academy of Sciences on the deterioration of Egyptian
wheat which has been going on during recent years. The
causes are stated to he the want of new seed, and the bad
quality of the land selected for sowing wheat.

A perfectly successful attempt has been made
to illuminate the Courts of the Tuileries and the
Place du Carrousel by the electric light. The generating
apparatus is placed in a cellar under Marshal VailWWl'
apartments in the Tuileries, and the illuminating power is
so great that the onlinary gas-jets seem absolutely light-
less. The appearance of these localities every evening is
that of an animated fair. The cost of the electric light Is
stated to be considerably less than that of gas.
A Munich letter says :—" The winter course of
lectures, held in the chemical lecture-room at Baron
Liebig's, hal begun very well. The lectures began towards
the end of January, and continue to the 20th of March.
The most interesting one hitherto was delivered by Professor
%delude& on the Russian Theatne.*