The Northern Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1853-11-17 00:00:00

LI'TE'RATURE

Plan of the Future Government of India. By James
Silk Buckingham. Second Edition. London :
Patridge and Oakey,..
This is a pamphlet of rare merit ; and may well
compete with any thing yet written on the govern-
miabrit of India. Of course the author has had
great experience in Indian affairs ; having resided
in:Calcutta for several years, and during that time
freely associated with all ranks and conditions. He
has, however, made signal use of his knowledge
amid turned it to good account. We are confident
that if the Plan here" proposed were even partially
carried out, it would eminently redound to the
honor and.pecuniary advantage. of, England, and
materially enhance the prosperity and progress of
India herself. There can be no doubt* but that
such a work will be any thing' but agreeable to the
little petty despots of the " India House,"—who
have long fattened upon the spoils wrung from that
country; and whose ignorance as regards India, her
pdople, her resources, and her importance, has
becothe proVerbial. Mr. Buckingham has been
long and favourably known as au eminent travel
ler; political economist, historian, and philanthro-
pist. He has suffered much and laboured long
and arduously in the service of India; but like
other great men who have preceded him, he has
reaped but a mean. and paltry a.dv.antage from the
British Government—ever slow to recognise genius
—to honour .talent,—,and., to reward patriotism.
However,- other,- and even. despotic Governments
have done honor to Mr. Buckingham's ability and
rewarded his services. Beside the wise policy ad-
vocated, we are charmed with the style and vigour
of the language. Although advanced in years, the
author still seems to possess all the fire, paSsion,
amid eloquenee of youth. Respecting the manner
in which England governs her distant possessions,
he observes:—
" Hitherto, we have ruled all our distant possessions with
no higher object than to make them yield as much of profit
as possible to the mother country; a barbarism as cruel as
that of an American Slave-owner making his own offspring
toil with the rest of his slaves for their master. Wo hold
this to be a deadly sin, on the west of the Atlantic; and
justly denounce it as a crime against human nature. But
we have practised it ourselves without any expression of
horror in our own possessions in the Eastern hemisphere ; as
if difference of latitude or longitude could alter the nature
and character of deeds, and make that which is criminal in
one region of the earth innocent and honorable in another.
"We can denounce the conquest of Spain, Portugal,
Holland, and Italy, by Napoleon, and rejoice at his over-
throw, as a plunderer of other lands ; we can condemn the
Bourbons for their conquest and occupation of Algiers ; we
deprecate the French for their attempt to regain the ancient
boundary of the Rhine, and to recover Belgium, Holland,
and Italy, which they once held but have since lost ; we
have no language too severe by which to denounce the
ambition of Russia to possess itself of Turkey and supplant
the Crescent by the Cross ; yet we have nothing but praise
and self-gratulation to bestow on our own countrymen for
the equally criminal conquest of India, and we glory in
having achieved ourselves what we loudly condemn in
others." .

One other extract, which may be viewed as a speci-
men of fine, vigorous, and earnest writing. The
subject of the author's observations has reference to
the erection of a statue to commemorate the Great
Exhibition of 1851; quite apropos at this time
when the cry is renewed, and when ex-Lord Mayor
Challis has been, like .lEsop's fly, raising such a
dust, unfortunately, as it happened, just as he was
going out of office. We heartily recommend the
passage to the attention of Alderman Challis, and
the lay and clerical " big wigs" who smiled, and
talked " twaddle," and spoke bad English, over the
proposed seller-me for burying Prince Albert alive!
The " Oil-cum-Honey" Bishop of Oxford would
greatly profit by attending to its benevolent and
manly suggestions , •
"At the same moment, too, that we are still boasting of
our love of peace, and deservedly honoring our Queen and
her Consort for the establishment of the Great Exhibition
of 1851, as the " Temple of Peace," to teach all nations the
practice as well as doctrine of universal brotherhood,—we
are engaged in an attempt to make new conquests of Burmah,
Ava, and Pegu, in the East; and summoning the elite of the
/nation to raise a large subscription for the purpose of setting
up, in the metropolis, as a Memorial of this Universal
reaukilipciatrliim Exhibition of 1851," the equestrian
vaders and marauders that Europe ever prdutd;Tiv
life by rebelling against his father, while yet a mere boy—
who carried on a horrible war against his elder brother, iu
which neither party gave quarter—who renewed the war
against his own parent and besieged him in his etp.oln ‘:s
F
Chalon, during- whi,A, .; uieu;—wao a ter his
uuLe or Acre, in the Crusades, refused to receive a ransom
for the prisoners he had taken, and murdered 5,000 of them
in cold blood, while his soldiers were celebrating the religious
fete of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin ;—who subse-
quently hung a whole garrison of Christians in France,
even after they had offered to surrender, and soon after died
of a wound in the castle of Chalon, after a nominal reign of
ten years over England as its monarch, though he had never
spent a single year of all these ten within his own dominions ;
a man characterised by the three great vices of "pride,
avarice, and voluptuousness," and whose whole life was a
career of blood and murder ! Such are the men to whom
our chief nobility have met and subscribed largely (to the
extent of several thousand pounds) to honour-700 years
after his ignominious death—by setting up his statue in the
capital of their own country, where thousands are pining in
want, ignorance, iutemierance, prostitution, and profligacy
and crime, for which it is difficult to raise funds to carry
forward the necessary agencies for their reformation !
"If we needed more statues for the adornment of the
metropolis, in addition to those of the Kings, Princes,
Dukes, Admirals, and Generals, which form the majority of
the present number ; and especially if we wished such statues
to commemorate an Exhibition intended to promote "Peace
and good will among men ;" we might surely make a better
choice than this of " Coeur de Lion," as we have yet no public
statue in any of our squares or parks to our most successful
navigator, Cooke—our most adventurous traveller, Bruce—
our purest founders of Colonies, Oglethorpe and Penn—our
greatest astronomer, Newton—our chief philanthropists,
lioward, Clarkson, and AVilberforce—not one of our loftiest
and most religious poets, Milton and Young—our most
uncorrupted patriots, Marvell, Sidney, and Hampden—our
most philosophic statesman ant orator, Burke—or our great
social reformers, Lord Ashley nad Father Matthew—each of
whom are worth a hundred " Coeur de Lions " for their own
merits and deeds, and still more for the beneficial examples
of their lives, patterns worthy of exciting the emulation and
imitation of mankind, and having much more iu harmony
with the "Great Exhibition of the Temple of Peace," than
the ferocious blood-spiller, who had no greater virtue than
that of the brute beast whose name is incorporated with his
own, as if to be "lion-hearted," of which millions are to be
found among the most ignorant and vicious of mankind, was
to possess all the virtues that could elevate and adorn
humanity, and like Charity, " cover a multitude of sins."
Alas ! for the wisdom of the nineteenth century !
Mr. Buckingham has done signal service to huma-
nity. And after a life of unremitting labour he
now enjoys a venerable age of honour.

STEALING RAILWAY TICKETS.—A passenger by the South
Eastern Company's line at Rochester has iust been sentenced
at quarter sessions, to one month's imprisonment, and two
weeks' solitary confinement for " stealing a railway ticket."
LONDON AND NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY.—This com-
pany, it is understood, have offered prizes to their workmen
at Wolverton and Crewe for proficiency in mechanics' and
other accomplishments, to be adjudged by the Inspectors of
Schools. •

It is said that the government of British Guiana has been
offered to Sir Edmund Walker Head, Bart., the present
Lieut.-Governor of New Brunswick, on a reduced salary of
£4,000 per annum. His reply does not appear yet to have
been received.
GRAIN AND MEAL FROM RUSSIA. AND TURKEY.— From
a late return it appears that in the nine months ended the
10th ult., the grain imported from the northern ports of
Russia was 307,967 quarters, and from ports within the
Black Sea, 1,029,168 quarters; and of meal only 65 cwt.
From the Turkish dominions, in the same period, the grain
numbered 689 quarters ; and the meal 7,370 cwt.
TOBACCO IMPORTED AND EXPORTED.—It is shown that
in the month ended the 10th ult, there were 5,213,854 lb.
of unmanufactured tobacco imported, against 2,347,4951 b. of
the same month in the preceding year. The exportations
were respectively 773,6241 b. this year, and 1,130,5661 b. last
year.

ABOLITION OF BETTING-LIST HOUSES—The bill past last
sessions to abolish those pests of society, the betting-list
houses, takes place this day fortnight, being the Ist proximo.
Al.eady a great many of the list-keepers have shut up their
shops; and others who have taken deposits of money on
horses to run in the Derby of 1854, apprehensive of the
consequence of retaining, are returning it as fast as they
Clan, and in a few days betting houses will have entirely
disappeared not only from the metropolis, but also from all
Farts of the kingdom.
CAUSES OF INSANITY.—In a paper laid before the Society
for linproving. the Condition of the Insane, a statistical
account of 2,392 cases of recovery, under the care of Sir
Alexander MorisOri, is given. In 1,428 of those cases the
causes of the disorder are given, of which the following is a
summary :—in 386, :hereditary disposition existed ; 181,
intemperance; 172, pregnancy, childbearing, abortion, lac-
tation, &c. ; 116, disappointment, reverses, embarrassments,
losses, privations; 76, religionS excitement; 62, grief; 50,
disappointed affection; 43b anxiety; vexation; 39, terror;
53, epilepsy; 23, falls, blows on the head; 8, paralysis;
219, causes of more rare occurrence. Of the remaining
cases, for which no cause was assigned, the disorder had pre-
viously occurred in 270.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN DAILY TIMES.

SlR,—When I came. to Liverpool some years ago,
I was both surprised and grieved to see how scanty
were the law reports and police reports given by
the local press. Of late years they are much better
done, though not equally well by all the papers, and
one result has *been most beneficial to the public.
It is quite impos.sible even for a casual bystander
not' to- perceive that more patience, more temper,
and more discretion than formerly, mirk the admi-
nistration of our law in all.its` departments.
In some instances, certainly, we have better men,
who, under any circumstances, would have dis-
charged their duties to the satisfaction of the pub-
lic. But there is still room for improvement, and
that improvement will always be in exact propor-
tion to publicity. .The whole profession is kept in
awe by publicity : - the attorneys, the bar, and the
bench, are equally checked and equally sustained
by it; but there is another class on whom it ope-
rates yet more usefully; our witnesses both in the
civil courts and the police courts, are too frequently
under no other restraint ; and, even subject to this
restraint, the -perjury daily witnessed is a scandal
to the country. I trust, therefore, not only that
.you will adhere to your practice, but whenever
space permits, will extend it. • There are some men,
high in station too, who writhe at it, and will even,
as far as they can, visit vindictively all whom they
suspect, often very erroneously, of aiding in .it.
Such men little dream of the injury in social
esteem which they inflict on themselves, but they
must be taught that the press itself will resent in-
jury ot• insult that they seek to inflict on others for
such a cause. • • -

As one of the public, then, I entreat you to perse-
vere, and to make it intelligible to all classes, high
or' low, that any assault on the privilege of report-
ing, whether openly or covertly made, will subject
the assailant to penalties which no man in this free
country dare disregard.—l am, &c.

BRUTUS.

TURKEY AND RUSSIA.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN DAILY TIMES,

SIR,—I think that every lover of constitutional
freedom must rejoice at the success which has at-
tended the Turkish army in their 'first attempt to
repel the encroachments of Nicholas, the Emperor
of all the Russias. I also think. treat our govern-
ment ought to be stirred into a little more activity
and energy in this matter. They appear to be
asleep. Diplomacy, apparently, is a powerful nar•
cotic. From the reports which appear in the
NORTHERN DAILY TIMES, I presume that the French
government are beginning to awake from their,
slumbers; and it is high time that: ours were roused
into something like life.

I am no advocate for war, but a friend of peace ;
but now that the great leader of 'despotism is again
marching forward to destroy the constituted:liec-
dom of nations, it becomes the bounden duty of
every lover of peace to stand forward and actively
protest against such despotism. I think it high
time that England, which professes to uphold the
principle of the nationality of nations, should call
upon her government actively to interfere to pre-
vent European despotism on the one hand, and to
encourage or support constitutional freedom oo
the other. This I take to be her especial mission.
Seeing that several important meetings have
been held in London and other towns, urging upon
our government to take a more decided line of
policy on this question, I think it is not too late
(although at the eleventh hour) for LIVERPOOL, .the
great emporium of commerce, to stand forward in
public meeting, and add her voice to those already
expressed, so that the ministers may see that in
rendering assistance to Turkey, they have the cor-
dial approval of the mass of the people of this
country country .

I throw out this suggestion to the merchants and
tradesmen of the town. It is no party question;
but the right of every nation to be governed accord-
ing to its own will, and not the will of another;
and it is the duty of a free people to support every
other country which claims this right, and not to
'Pr c ncr
-PalAti.P.Wia(ylU-PArNPAIRA--16ir, V-requMton
or otherwise, to convene a town's meeting at an
early period, I remain, respectfully,
HENRY SMITH.
10, iooo.

IRELAND.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

DUBLIN, WEDNESDAY EVENING,

THE CHOLERA--There has been no additional
case reported in Dublin ; and, thanks to the
precautions taken against the disease, there is
every hope that it will not spread. In Cork there
is still much danger, but the authorities are adopt-
ing every step in their power to hinder a recur-
rence of such events as were connected with the
ship Kossuth. The magistrates have petitioned the
Lord Lieutenant for the formation of a lazaretto.
On board the Kossuth there were yesterday four
cases of cholera, and seven of diarrhGe. Two
deaths took place on Sunday. In Belfast the in-
mates of the workhouse have been attacked. There
were up to the last accounts four cases, out of
which two died, and two tire still under treatment.
The town itself is as yet safe. There is no report
of any case from the country parts, save a vague
rumour now and then.

CLONMEL ELECTION.-Mr. John O'Connell, and
Mr. Bianconi are the candidates first in the field
just now. The former is looked on by the league
as friendly to the government, and consequently
they are putting every possible obstacle in iris way,
by endeavouring to extract pledges and the like.
The deputation, consisting of Messrs. Lucas,
Duffy-, and Gray, arrived in the borough on
Monday, and had an audience with a committee of
the electors yesterday, at which Dr. Gray declared
his views as a candidate: Mr. John Reynolds has
withdrawn. Mr. Barton, who entered the borough
in 1852, will be put forward by the conservatives,
but as there are only eighty tories out of a consti-
tuency of 300, he has not much chance of success.
On the whole Mr. O'Connell is as yet, the favorite.
A NICE LANDLORD : The Banner of Ulster states
that the Marquis of Hertford has raised the rents,
on his Antrim estates, of those tenants who
favoured the liberal candidate at the last Lisburn
election.

INCUMBERED ESTATES COURT. —Yesterday, on
the petition of Lord Wellesley, the extensive Mor-
nington estates, situate in the Queen's County, and
Counties of Dublin, Meath, Cavan, Westmeath,
and King's County, were put up for sale. The
total amount realized was £204,835, being over 22
year's purchase on the rental.

THE SHIP MooßEsFolicr.—The Cork Constitution
says :—On the 23d October the ship Mooresfort
left Liverpool with a large number of passengers
and a general cargo for Melbourne. On last Sun-
day week a plank nine feet long, and nine inches
broad, with the word " Mooresfort" in gilt letters
cut in it, was washed on shore at Goleen, near
Crookhaven. It is hoped that no serious accident
has occurred to this find ship, but that the board
found was washed from the quarter. The first
officer in this ship is Mr. George Slorach, son of
Mr. Alexander Slorach, of this city.

A PARISIAN CELEnurry.---One of the celebrities of the
public balls of Paris was buried on Tuesday, having been
carried to the grave from her hotel in the' Rue Caumartin.
Mademoiselle Olympe, employed as a boot-binder, about two
years a,,,,,r0; never missed a ball at A snieres, 'or and
at the former place she so captivated a German baron that
he married her. He died about eight months ago, leaving
her from 30,000 f. to 40,000 f. a-year. After his death she
became melancholy, and her health declined. She went out
on Sunday to drive in the Bois de Boulogne, and, on the re-
turn of the carriage to the hotel, the footman,? on letting
down the steps, found that his mistress did not alight. She
was lying dead on the seat. She had only reached her 22nd
yew.—Galignani's Messenger.
A PRECEDENT IN TILE LAW OF EVIDENCE.—The district
court of Schaffhausen, in Switzerland, has lately furnished
a useful precedent in the law of evidence. A citizen of
Schaff hausen was accused of having boxed the ears of
another citizen. There were no witnesses to the act, for at
the time of the alleged offence, the parties were alone in the
coffee-room of an hotel. But the landlord and the waiters
who were in a room near to the scene of action, swore that
they heard the blow. The defendant, of course, pleaded
"not guilty," and that even if the offence had been corn-
mitted, the witnesses could not have heard the blow. In
order to elucidate this very nice point, the court adjourned
to the scene of the alleged offence. Several members took
the places of the witnesses in the case; two of the judges
were locked up in the coffee-room, and the ears .of one of
them were duly boxed by the other. It was clearly esta-
blished that the blow could be heard in the adjoining room,
and that the plaintiffs were correct in their statements.
Sentence accordingly.

TVEST DERBY BOARD OF GUARDIANS.

YESTERDAY.

The usual weekly meeting of the West Derby Board of
Guardians took place yesterday. Mr. 11-knausoN was in the
chair, and the following gentlemen were also present :
Mr. Alpass, vice-chairman ; Mr. Reyes, deputy vice;
Messrs. Roskell, Abrahams, Mountfield, Craig, Lunt,
M' Gee, Carter, Horsfall, • Molyneux, Smith, G. Marrison,
Wensley, Rev. W. Badnall,. Shaw, and Tattersall.
The Clerk read the minutes of the last day's meeting.
The following cheques were Passed : Mr. Olney, £25 ;
Mr. Allen, £G7 ; Mr. Potts, £B4 ; Mr. Lythgoe, £lB.
Mr. M'GEE moved, according to notice' which he had
given upon the last day of meeting, that the salaries of
Isaac Mullock, master tailor and John Taylor, master
shoemaker, be raised from £1 to £1 ss. per week.
Mr. LUNT seconded the motion, which was unanimously
adopted.
It was agreed, upon the motion of Mr. Shaw, that two
days' notice be given to Mr. Cooper, contractor for the
works at the hospital, to proceed with the works according
to contract.

A resolution was also adopted, that the board make the
usual application to the Health Committee to have the
sewerage through Kelshaw-street continued for the conve-
nience of the neighbourhood.

CHARGE AGAINST MR. STEPHENS, SURGEON.
The following letter was read from Mr. Stephens, one of
the district surgeons, in reference to the case of a woman
named Mary Clare, r%,arding whom, Mr. Barnett, one of
the relieving officers for the Toxteth Park district, had
communicated with the board at their last day of meeting:—
" Wednesday, Nov. 16, 1853,
" 4, Upper Parliament-street, Liverpool.
" Sin.,—Upon receiving a letter, yesterday, from Mr.
Cleaver, respecting the pauper Mary Clare, 1 presumed she
had not been removed, and therefore again visited her, and
being of the same opinion as on a former occasion, I enclose
my medical officer's certificate, recommending her removal
to the hospital. The guardians will now be in a position to
contradict any further false or erroneous assertions which
may be made against me respecting neglect of parochial duty
with regard to this pauper.—l am, Sir, yours, &e.,
"To tlie Chairman, "ALFRED STEPHENS.
" West Derby Board of Guardians."
The CLERK said the letter was accompanied by the certi-
ficate to which he referred. .

Mr. BAnNErr : Mr. Stephens has driven me into exposing
this matter of attending". this woman. I related last week
the manner in which he refused to attend her, and I am
driven to the necessity of. bringing it under official notice.
lie states that he had seen the woman, but he did not at-
tend to her, she haVing- remained in the same state. In that
letter you will see that he casts reflections upon me—reflec-
tions which are not by any means called for, inasmuch as
the fact which I have stated can be readily proved, and I
will feel obliged if you will canse Mr. Stephens to prove the
truth of his expressions, or to withdraw them. -
Mr. ALPASS : The allusion does not apply to you.
Mr. BARNETT : It does, sir.
Mr. ALPASS : It does not.
Mr. BARNETT : It does, inasmuch as my name was used
in a former letter. _

Mr. ALFASS : I talk of this letter.
M. lIoasEALL : How long is it since ho was applied to
to attend the pauper, Mary Clare ?
Mr. BARNETT : I should think a fortnight.

Mr. HousrALL : When did he see her
Mr. BARNETT : He saw her three times. The first time
she wanted her lei attended to.
Mr. HonsrALL : And he would not look at it ?
Mr. BARNETT : He would not look at it.
Mr. ALPASS : I am informed that that is not true. He
did not see her the first time. _ _

Mr. BARNETT: I saw him again, and he refused again.
Mr. TionsrA.LL That is corroboration you see.
Mr. ALPASS : -Three times she called at his surgery, and
he was not in.

Mr. HORSFALL : But it was his duty to see her.
Mr. BARNETT : The woman told me she saw him each
time.

Mr. ALPASS : Well, Mr. Stephens told me he did not
see her.
Mr. BARNETT : Mr. Stephens admitted to me that he -
had seen her.
Mr. ALPASS: Not any of the first three times that she
went to his surgery. lam speaking of the first three ap-
plications.
Mr. BARNETT : I am not speaking of that, but I hardly
think any assistant would take upon himself the responsi-
bility of refusing to attend to the woman.
Mr. ALPASS : That is not the question.
Mr. BOSICELL : The question, I take it, chiefly is whether
Mr. Stephens did his duty or did not. As I understand the
case, Mr. Barnett gave an order to the woman to wait upon
Mr. Stephens for the purpose of getting medical relief. Mr.
Stephens refuses
Mr. ALPASS : No, M.
liT— 4-^
give the order.
Mr. ALPASS : Although Mr. Stephens did object, or
refuse, if you like to act upon the order of Mr. Barnett, yet
still he did go and see the person.
Mr. ILOSKEL L : lam r!glit.ats fat ua I hGTG Sono.

Mr. ALPASS : Except that he did go.
Mr. ROSKELL : But the question arises what period
had elapsed before he did go ?
Mr. ALPASS : He went that very day.
Mr. ROSKELL : If I understand the matter, the woman
had a right to be relieved for six months, The six months
had not expired, therefore there was no alteration in the
circumstances. Now if I understand the thing rightly I
do think from what I heard before and hear now that Mr.
Stephens is blameable in the matter.
The CLERK, at the request of some of the Guardians, read
the whole correspondence which had taken place upon the
subject.
Mr. ROSKELL would ask any gentleman what under the
circumstances was the duty of the medical officer ? To
attend to the case, and if he found himself aggrieved to appeal
to that board. But was the woman to be neglected all that
time while he was quibbling about whether he had a right
to attend to her or not ? He thought from what he had
heard of the matter that Mr. Barnett had done his duty in
a very straightforward and faithful manner. It did appear
to him that now the salaries were fixed they thought the less
they did the better. He had no doubt that the case was
true, and he really thought that very great blame should
attach to the medical officer, and that the woman was la-
bouring under a disease which ought to have been attended
to. The medical officers were paid for attending, and ought
to do their duty.
Mr. HEYES suggested that Mr. Stephens be requested
to attend before the board on next Wednesday and give an
explanation. He did not think unless the board adopted
that course they had any means of coming to a right con-
clusion under the circumstances. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. SHAW thought it highly improper for Mr. Roskell to
denounce Mr. Stephens in that manner upon an exparte
statement. That course of conduct was, not in accordance
with the principle which Mr. Roskell generally advocated at
the board. For himself he should say that he knew nothing
whatever about the matter until to-day. Mr. J. Barnett
had told the board most positively that he gave an order to
Mr. Stephens to attend Mary Clare on the 3rd of Novem-
ber. A medical-certificate was produced requiring her re-
moval to the hospital, although Mr. Barnett told them in
one breath that the medical officer never attended her. How
could they understand that ?
Mr. BARNETT : I can very well explain it.
Mr. SHAW said Mr. Roskell had denounced Mr. Stephens
for not doing his duty as a medical officer. Now it would
appear by the letters which Mr. Cleaver had read that he
had been attending the woman. There was a medical cer-
tificate with three names mentioned, and he would ask had
any of them been removed to the hospital ?
Mr. ALPASS replied in the affirmative.
Mr. SHAW said that if Mr. Stephens thought it would be
better to have that woman in the hospital, he could not see
why she was not removed as well as the other per-
sons. He did not see where Mr. Stephens had failed to do
his duty. He had no hesitation in saying that Mr. Stephens
would be very glad to attend her, and he was sure that he
had data and documents to prove everything for five or six
years. He was sure that Mr. Stephens was so disgusted
with the treatment he had received from the Board that he
never would respect the office. He would appeal to the
members around whether Mr. Stephens had not been treated
for the last five or six years by that board in the manner he
had stated—first by one officer and then by another; so that
he could not well feel himself justified in making a charge
against any officer. He would object to their calling upon
Mr. Stephens to attend before the board in reference to that
charge.
Mr. ALPASS also expressed his astonishment that Mr.
Roskell should have denounced Mr. Stephens, and he was
glad that there was at least one member besides himself at
the board willing to defend Mr. Stephens from the charge.
He knew very well that upon the part of at least one reliev-
ing officer there was a very strong feeling against Mr.
Stephens, and whenever there was an opportunity of picking
a hole in his coat, that officer would take the opportunity
of doing it. That they all knew. Now let them bear in
mind, what the facts were. Mr. Stephens received an order
signed by Mr.• Barnett to visit the woman Mary Clare.
He had an impression that he had no right to attend to the
order of any relieving -officer, except one attached to his own
district. He objected to attend, but upon further consider-
ation he thought it better to go and see the woman, and
he did go. On that very day, November 3rd, when she
went first to his surgery, he went to the house and found
her seated there with a very badly ulcerated leg indeed, but
yet nursing a child and doing work about the house. Now
he saw there was no chance of her being. cured unless by
perfect rest, and so long as she remained in the house and
did work, she could never by possibility get well. There-
fore he put her name, with the names of two other persons
whom he found in his rounds that day requiring removal to
the hospital for proper treatment, and he could give reasons
for that—he put them in one paper and sent it to Mr.
Latham's house. M. Latham obeyed the order, and re-
moved one person to the hospital, but the other was not
removed. He now came to the point whether a person
refusing to be removed to the hospital was entitled to have
the relieving officer or medical officer continue their attend-
ance. His own impression was 'that if the medical officer
certified that a person was fit to go to the hospital,
and that that person would not go, if the law did

not support it, at all events it was the wish of the
guardians that the medical officer should cease to attend to
that person, in order that the guardians might have the
requisite power. Whenever it was necessary for the welfare
of a patient to go to the hospital, and the patient would
not go, that these should be no medical attendance given out
Of the house. He did not know if that was the case, but it
was his impression and the impression of other guardians;
and Mr. Stephens, he knew, acted upon that impression.
If that view was wrong, he was sure Mr. Stephens had only
to be set right upon the subject, and if he had committed
an error he would not do so again. He should be glad to
know from Mr. Cleaver whether he was wrong in that in-
terpretaton of the law.
The CLERK said the question was once referred to the
Poor-law Board, and it appeared that if the hospital was
out of the township where the party resided, a refusal to go
there .would be no excuse for the guardians withdrawing
Medical or other relief.

Mr. ALPAss : But, mind you, we are now only removing
them to what may be called an assistant-workhouse. That
question referred to the southern hospital.
The CLERK : No. It referred to our old union hospital.
Mr. ALPASS contended that there was no use in bringing,
Mr. Stephens to that board, and their time would be occu-
pied quite uselessly. He trusted that the explanations and
reasons which he had given would be considered sufficient by
the board.

A poll was then taken, when there appeared eight votes
for calling Mr. Stephens before the board, and six against.
The motion was therefore declared carried.

A letter was read from Mr. Henry Johnson, vaccinator,
requesting that the board would raise the rate of payment
to 2s. Cd.for home cases, and ss. for cases at Kirkby.

On the motion of Mr. ALrAss, the letter was rarred to
the hospital committee.
A lengthened correspondence was read between the Poor-
law Board, Londoni; the. Board of Supervision, Edinburgh ;
the Parochial Board, Glasgow ; the guardians of the Luss
Union, Scotland; and Mr. Gray, of the parish office,
Liverpool, regarding the case of an old woman named
APKenzie, who had been sent from the We Derby Unio n
to Scotland, and since returned to Everton.
The CLERK was directed to enter in correspondence for
the purpose of obtaining further information as to the place
where the woman was entitled to be relieved.
" The board then adjourned.

DEDUCTIONS FROM.. THE LAST AMERICAN
CENSUS.

[From the New York Evening Post.]
It appears from the " Abstract of the Seventh Census,"
Published this year, that the United States possessed, at the
beginning of 1852, as much completed railroad, within 3,300
Miles, as all the rest of the world put together. In the
United States there were in operation at that time, '10,843
miles; in the various countries of Europe, 14,143. By the
beginning of 1853, the completed roads in this country had
increased to 13,000 miles, while European roads had
grown to 16,000, making the difference, at that time, only
3,000 hiiles. There were also, at the beginning of this year,
12,680 miles in process of construction in the United States ;
in all; therefore, constructed and constructing, 25,000 miles.
On the same authority, there is no exaggeration in saying
that before 1860, there will be in our country 35,000 miles
of completed railway. These facts indicate pretty.rapid pro-
gress. They look as if we were overdoing the business. There
aie various considerations, however, that tend to diminish the
fear of any excess.
According to the commonly-received notions, the newness of
our country would make railroads less necessary than in the
thickly-settled districts of the old world. But there is a
fallacy in this. Experience is daily showing, that in the
deep soils of the West, where productiveness is extberant,
and transportation, by the depth of the soil, is rendered very
difficult, railroads become the best labor-saving machines of
the farmer. In respect to one of their effects, namely, that
of rendering accessible and settling new and interior
districts, railroads can operate-in no foreign country as in
ours.No one needs them for this purpose so much as
ours, or can be benefited in a manner at all comparable.
It is the good fortune of our republic to be, in the arts of
practical"life, as well as in political wisdom and experience,
" the heir of all ages." Our prairies and inland country
are settling by the efficient operation of railroads ; for these
are the latest discovered, and prove to be the best means of
accomplishing this object. In the old world it has been
already accomplished by the imperfect methods of former
times—the caravan, the military road, the ordinary high-
way, along whose routes villages and settlements have here-
tofore sprung up, just as they now do along our railroads,
only with a rapidity, as compared with the growth of our
towns, like that of a camel to a steam-engine.
The large proportion in miles that the roads of the United
States bear to those other countries, will appear less
striking when it is considered that the cost per mile of the
former is but little more than one-fourth that of foreign
roads. Our roads average about $34,000, others, $130,000
net mile. The census report states thg. including the roads
now constructing, tne average cost ot our railways will be
reduced to $27,000 per mile, making the difference still
greater ; for there is no reason why foreign roads should be
constructed now at a rate materially cheaper than formerly.
o,‘, new roads, en the contrary, pass mostly through level
and unsettled, or thinly settled agnculturai I.llJ,Uieuti' wnere
laud is held at low rates ; where few, if any, cultivated
grounds are cut through that are heavily expensive, and
where cuttings and embankments are comparatively
unfrequent. There is probably an exaggerated idea abroad
as to the capital now expending in these projects. The pub-
lic, at any rate, seem to be mistaken as to the proportion this
capital bears to the annual productions of the country and to
that employed in other expenditures of aeku o wlodged economy.
The twelve thousand miles and over, now construe ting, will
pass almost entirely through agricultural districts ; most of
it is building in the western and northwestern states. We
may reckon these roads, then, as so many agricultural tools.
Now, the capital invested in them, estimating it at $20,000
a mile, is $20,000,000. That invested in agricultural is
stated at $150,000,000. It would appear, then, • that the
capital of all the roads now constructing is but little
more than sixty per cent. increase on what is in-
vested in the ordinary implements of husbandry.
The agricultural products of the country amount to about
$1,500,000,000. Suppose the 12,000 miles in construction
should, as improved agricultural tools, increase the value
and amount of these products equal to one per cent. on the
value above given, this would amount to $15,000,000 equal
to more than 6 per cent. on $240,000,000, the capital in-
vested. Again, suppose these 12,000' miles to stimulate a
country ten miles on each side, they would affect an area of
over 153,600,000 acres. Supposing the road to increase the
value of land equal to an average of one dollar an acre, we
have an addition of over $153,000,000 to the wealth of the
country from this cause—over 60 per cent on the capital in-
vested. The cash value of farms in the country is stated at
a little over $3,200,000,000. Again, suppose over 12,000
miles of railroad to increase this value 8 per cent. ; they
add to it $250,000,000, thus wiping away the whole of their
cost and more. _ _

The whole annual import of wheat into Great Britain
during the past year was about 6,000,000 quarters, or
48,000,000 bushels. If we suppose one acre in ninety of
the 153,000,000 rendered accessible by those roads, to be
rendered productive by them, with an average yield of 30
bushels of'wheat to the acre, they would produce an amount
greater than the whole annual import of Great Britain. Or,
to state it in another form, suppose .a yield to be induced
equal to one-third of a bushel to each acre, the roads now
constructing will add to our agricultural products enough
to supply the entire import of Great Britain. There is a
deficiency this year in the wheat crop of Great Britain,
amounting to nearly 4,000,000 quarters. It is calculated
that she will have to import during the coming year,
9,600,000 quarters, and of these she relies on Canada and
the United States for 5,000,000 quarters, or 40,000,000
bushels. The surplus wheat of Upper Canada this year,
is estimated in late papers at 4,000,000 bushels. Sup-
pose the Canadas to furnish 8,000,000 bushels there
is left to the United States as their share, 34,000,000,
Now, since the beginning of 1852, there have been comple-
ted at least three thousand miles of railway, which we may
suppose to have stimulated a belt of land ten miles on each
side, or an area of 38,400,000 acres. The cultivation of
one acre in thirty of this, or an average production of one
bushel to the acre, would supply all that the mother country
asks of us, and a good deal more. It appears from data
collected in England from the best sources, that Great
Britain, during the years 1848, 1849, and 1850, imported
cereals, live stock and meats to the value of 75,000,000/. ;
au average of 25,000,0001., or $125,000,000 a year paid to
foreign countries for food. Now if, over and above what
was produced before, we suppose one acre of thirty of our
153,000,000 is stimulated to produce what is equivalent to
thirty bushels of wheat, we have added to our store of pro-
duce enough to furnish the imported food of the entire
United Kingdom. These effects, it is to be observed, will
be brought about by railroads, even though the stockholders
should not receive a cent from them. They are, moreover,
exclusive of the immense impetus given to manufacturing,
commercial, and other interests.

LONDON AND NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY. —A special
general meeting was held on Tuesday,' to consider whether
it would not be premature at the present moment to submit
a scheme for raising the capital necessary for the forma•
tion of the Dorchester'and Exeter extension line of railway
agreed to at the meeting in August. After a discussion of
several hours, the motion on the part of the directors em-
powering them to continue the extension of the proposed
line from Dorchester to Exeter, Ins met by an amendment.
that such extension should not take place. The show of
hands being in favour of the amendment, a poll was &-
minded, which will not close before Saturday next, at three
o'clock.

THE LATE REPRESENTATIVES OP MULL.—On Monday
evening a numerous and influential meeting of the electors of
this borough was held in .he Music-hall, for the purpose of
presenting a testimonial to Lord Goderieh and Mr. Clay, the
late representatives of the town. The, testimonials, which
originated amongst the working men, cunsisted of two splen-
did silver tankards, which had been subscribed for by more
than 1,800 of that class, as a token of the esteem in which
their late representatives were held, and a markg sympathy
on their having been unseated. Mr. Alderman Blundell,
ex-mayor, presided ; and the testimonials having been pre-
sented by a deputation, the late members severally expressed
their acknowledgments.