The Express.
London, England, 1861-09-07 00:00:00

THI PATENT LAMM.

Mr. J. HXYWOOD, F.K.S., brought up the report of the
committee cm the rsteut Laws, embody lug the following
resolutions:

1. "That all applications for grant. of letter. patent
should ho subjected to a preliminary investigation before a
special tribunal.
2. 'That such tribunal shall hove power to decide on
the granting of patents, but it shall be open to inventors to
renew their applications notwithstanding preview' refusal.
3. "That the said tribunal should to formed by a per-
manent and .larieil ju.lge, assisted, when weewairv, by the
advioe of 'scientific anneaaurs, and that its sittings Should be
public.
4. "That the same tribunal should have excluspris-
diction to try patent cause., subject to • right of • .
6. "That toe juriedictieo of such tribunal he ex-
tended to the trial of all questions of copyright awl regis-
tration of design.
6. "That the scientific assessors for the trial of patent
causes should be flee in number (to be chosen from a panel
of thirty to be nominated by the Commissioners of Patents),
for the adjudication of facts, when deemed necessary by the
judge or demanded by either of the parties.
7. "That the right of appeal should be to a court of
the Exchequer Chamber, with a final appeal ho the Hogan
of 'Antis.
_ _

8. "That for the preliminary examination the assessors
(it the Judge requires their assistance) should be two in
number, named by the Commissioners of Patents from the
existing panel; the decision to rest with the judge.
9. "That the comniqtee approve of the principle of
compelling patentees to grant licenses on tenon to he fixed by
arbitration, or in CAM the poetics skull not agree to much
arbitratioe, then by the proposed tribunal, or by an arbitra-
tor or arbitrators appointed by the said tribunal."
Mr. HUUIIIOI then read a series of resolutions passed at •
meeting of the Manchester Patent Law Reform Association,
held on the 30th August last.
This was followed by • paper. by S W. Aegicreogo,
strongly condemnatory of the operation o Mispreasat Patent
Law.

A piper "On Patent Tribunals" was read by Mr. SPINOI.
An interesting discussiou followed, io which the President
of the Association, the Mayor, Mr. Grove, Captaio Blake-
ley, the Right Hon. J. Napier, and several other gentlemen
pirticipated.
' SECTION E—GEOGRAPHY AND ETHNOLOGY.
Mr. H. WWI read a paper on a proposed railway across
the Malay peninsula, known by the name of the Isthmus of
Krnw. _

Captain isms-sox, H.B.Y. consul at hfassonnh, reed s
interesting paper entitled "Notices no the ethnology, gen-
gra_phy, and commerce of the Caucasus."
The third paper was by M. or CM•ILLU on Africa, during
the reeling of which the ball of the hlechanies Institution,
where the section met, was much crowded. The paper was
on the geography and history of Western Equatorial Africa.
This was the reline he had explored during the years 1856,
'57, '5B, and '5O, and was within twenty degrees on either
aide of the scimitar. extending to a distance of 400 miles
into the interior. Its chief feature to a short distance Iron,
the mast was ita mountainous appearance. A portion of
this wintry was covered by dense forests, extending to the
tope of the mountains. The vegetative was very rich, and the

trees often of great size. Flowers abounded, and the whole
forest presented • scene of the grandest solitude which man
ever beheld. North of the equator there were three rivers,
the Mini, the Mocodah, and the Cahoon, the lot-rained
being the best. AU of these rose in the range of moun-
tains known as the Sierra-del-Crystal, which is about 60
miles from the coast. Up the Mini and Moondah vessels
could ascend bet • short distance. but vessels of 100
tons might ascend the Claboon for about 60 miles.
South of the equator were three other rivers, one of which,
the Fernando as, he thought was destined to become the
great highway of equatorial Africa. He only ascended one
of these rivers, the trunk stream of the Ogobai, fora short
distance, being stopped by the natives. From the Ashire
plain he beheld a beautiful range of mountains, running in
an easterly direction parallel with the coast. He traversed
this range for 150 miles. He took this to be part of a mop
of mountains which extended nearly across the continent,
within 2or 3 degrees of the equator. This was impressed
upon him by the natives, and he was led to believe, there-
fore, that an important mountainous range divided
the continent of Africa nearly along the line of the
equator, starting from the west from the range
which runs along the coast mirth and south, and
terminating in the east, probably in the country south of
i the mountains of Abyssinia, or perhaps terminating ab-
ruptly north of the Lake Trognyika of Captain Burton and
Spoke, thus corroborating Sir It. Murchison's theory of 1852
and also corroborated by Dr. Livingstone. These mountains
and their savage inhabitanta he believed to have put a stop
to the Mohammedan conquests south of the equator. The
rainy season continued near the equator eight or nine mouths
in the year. The natural history of this part of Africa did
; not include the lion, the rhinoceros, sebra,gireffe, or ostrich,
and almost all the species of antelopes, known in other
parts of Africa, were not found here. There was no such
animal as the horse, camel, or beast, the only beasts of bar-
; den being manned women. Monkeys abounded everywhere,
and there was great variety of insect life, robed in the
brightest colours, shining beautifully in the midst of the
deep dark green foliage of the trees and forests. rt,ise im-
mense jungles seemed to be admirably adapted for the hold.,
tation of those strange creatures called gorillas and the other
apes. The trees bore all kinds of (mite and nuts, which
supplied the great mounters with food in abundance ; but
should these forests ever disappear before civilisation, the
gorilla must disappear from lack of sustenance. The paper
was listened to with much interest, and a vote of thanks
was given to M. do (Malik.

At g o'clock in the evening, Professor W. A. //fittest,
of King's College, London, commenced a lecture on " Spec-
trum Analysis" to ■ large and important assembly.
Throwing a splendid beam of light from an electric
lantern of Professor Way's construction upon the walls of
the ball, he then interposed • prism, and the light fell is •
series of glorioualycoloured bands upon • screen filling a
space perhaps of fifty square feet. He traced the history of
his phenomenon from the time when Newton, in 1701, first
treated it in his optics. He showed that Wollaston, in
1801, discovered the coloured bands of the sun's light when
thus bent by • prism, not to be continuous but separated,
as bright cross threads of • ribbon are often separated by
dark threads; that Sir D. Brewster discovered these dirk
Bow to be vastly increased when the light passed through
orange-coloured nitrous fumes ; that Herschel, and Talbot,
the discoverer of photography, observed about lti7,t, that
almost each different substance, when heated so highly as
to give tint light, presents • different spectrum, distin-
guished by its own coloured and dark bands, as different
coloured ribbons might be distinguished.
Various additions, to our knowledge, by Dr. Miller
himself, Wheatstone in. him observations on the spectrum
from electric light, Stokes, Mama, Auptrom, Swan, were
noticed in succession. To Talbot. we owe the first sug.
Lotion that the coloured bands being characteristic of •
substance, may serve to detect it. Now we reach toe point
of it all. In the last year or two the extreme delicacy of
this detective process, first glanced at by Swan, has been
shown by the unsurpassed industry and acuteness of the
German philosophers, Kirchhoff and Bunsen. The hundred-
millionth part of • grain of sodium may be detected by the
bight bands which it produces in the spectrum, and these
tests are afforest as easily applicable to the ,far distant sun
and stars, as to the minute quantities of salt upoi the la-
boratory table.

• spoitramoarraLmaturcr.

STOCKTON RACKS.--TlitiliSDAT.

Tux CORPORATION PLATT" of 50 Dove. Five furlongs.
Mr. Thompson 's Eidolon, by Thu Flying Dotcluuno

....__..
pnuev 1
Mr. Thnnuts'a Retento (Dnylm
Mr. llift'a Bernice (Nwole) 3
The following also ran :—Maid of the Mist, Dick Swivel-
ler, Braasey, Lancclin Trepan, Monlvie? Princes* Maud,
Viscount Brignall, Johnny Bright, and Miss Pennell.
Betting : S to 2 apt Bernice, 5 to 1 apt Relent*, U to 1
agat Lancelin, Bto 1 apt Brawny, and 10 to 1 eget Eidolou.
Won by a omit ; half a length between sewed and third.
THE STEWARDS. PLATE of 50 sows., in specie, added to a
sweepstakes of 10 nova. each 2-yr.olds, ist ; three, net 12lb;
fillies and geldings allowed 31b. Six furlong..
Mr. J. Osborne 's Ylytrap, by Flying Dutchman. I yrs.
eat 111 b carrot) 1
Mr. Thomas Tattuo„3yn, an 911?

Eves britiiii; was by six leogthm.

THE GRAND STAND SKLLINR STAKES of sore. each, with
2 added, for all ages. Straight half mile.
Mr. Thonme'm Mt& by Annandale
Mr. Winterinahama Cristo (Noble, 2
The follow iug also ran: lkamey, Sturerdua,
Woodcock Giltuook, aad Moulvie.
. - .

Betting ; 6 to 4 aist Sacerdoe, 3 to 1 eget Erica, 5 to 1
eget Giltoook, 7 to 1 eget Blaney, sad 10 to 1 eget so►
other. Woo by a heed. The Inner was mold to 11r. Fah
for 30 guinea.. Fobert claimed Eduardo..

THE FMB ZrTI.AIIO BIENNIAL &WWI Of 10 erre. each,
with 10 added, for 2-yr-oklis ; colts, Net 10th ; Allies and
geldings NM 61h. Five furieep
lir. Thomas's The Mot, by Latubton (AblereD) 1
lir. T. tisiviona Ilitdblit (Bullock) e
11r. Valentine's Q.E.D. iamaitoia, S
Mr. Dowels Welcome Moyle) 11
Sir C Month's &nodal (Chelicieeri 0
lir. J. Osborrie's ratlaad (Osborne) 0
Mr. Itobinsona Nectar INdtro) 0
_ _... _ . ...

Mr. J. Oshorne's Lord Albert (AuckLanAl 0
Betting : sto 2 each opt BirdbM and Zetland, 4 to 1
apt The Yilot, and 10 to 1 apt any other. Won by half
a lrugth ; a neck between second and third.

Tile 111DDLIKBOROU011 HAIIIMCAP of 100 NOV., added to
a Sweepstakes of 10 son. seek. Ooe mils and a half.
lir. Alexander's °timbale,. by Sawahuts:, 3m, lot nib

1,)1(•• I
Mr. r Anson's Caller Ott', 3 yrs, GAM 'Metcalfe S
Mr. Chilton's Rossuuond, 4 yrs, Ist UIII.IIIIII. 3
Bir C. Itontl'a Gardener, SDm 6st fllb
Mr. Mal er's Frlnee of Denmark, ttyrs, tst Illb (bstoostlen
lie. kuddoeles Pcslry Tat, 6 yrs. 74 2lb tealvel t, 0
Mr. I.oslgers' Willie yn, 7st DO Olarrbuso, 0
Mr. Jackson's :syringe, 4 yrs, fist 12th (1111(lurt u
Mr. Rtewsres Joey Jones, S yrs. tent 16b (Hunter. 0
Mr. Hareem's"' !brae, 6 ps, Ost 011 (Burk 0
Mr. FJll.on's Will Searirt. S yrs, est alb (Hooey' 0
Mr. Robinson's Colossus. 3 yes, lot fib (Davles 0
Mr. F. Delta Hlnstlo, 3 yrs, Sat WA (*table, 0
Mr. T. Damson's aware l'efne. 3 yrs. Sat Sib .(Carroll. 0
Betting : 5 to 4 eget °laminator, 5 to I ash eget Gardener
and Caller On. and 8 to 1 apt any other. Won by a length,
two lengths between the second and third, and a bead be-
tween the third and fourth.
Till ffrootwoo Cur, value 200 move., by enbeeription of
15 son. inch, with 50 added, fur 3-yrokla and upwards.
Two miles.
Mr. Niebors The Mend, by Weat Amanllsn, 4 ynk
1161) (Osborne 1
Mr. o.llsra's Dranboff. 3 yrs. 7d I Doyle) S
Betting : 5 to 1 cc Tb• Wised, who won easily by two
lengths.

Tag GARBUTT NIIIISPIT PIDISISLY HANDICAP of
100 sou., for 24. r-olds.
lord Derby's *Beverley, by Wart Australlea, 7st Sb
(Madden) 1
Mr. O•lists's Thu Witliner, 7st 11b (Doyle) 2
tie. Watson's Jackal, 7st Mb (Calvert) 3
The following also ran :—Adventurer, Tommy Jones,
King of Kara Dutch Sam, My Mary, Lady Duo, Idol
illy, Betty, Captain Crow, and Pompadour.
Betting : 5 to 4 agat Tim Whiffler, 5 to 2 each apt
Tommy Jones and King of Kan, 10 to 1 apt Lady Dundiss,
12 to 1 apt Jackal, and 20 to 1 each apt Adventurer and
Iliinyadour. A bad start. Woo easily by a neck ; a bad

IPSWICH RACES.-FRWLY.

Tat WlLnta 6171.T;a1ue100—a-ore., by sutecripl ion of
15 nova. each, 10 ft, and 5 only if declared ; professionals
Gib extra. One mile.
Mr. V. Swindelje Saweutter, Sys, Pet Rib air. Bevil]) 1
Captain 161101 Gibraltar, 4 yrs, Gut 1016.. ',Capt. Barclay. 2
Batting : Sto4 on Gibraltar. Sawcutter made all the
running and won by a leopth.
Tlilt COMITY lILYBIGUI PLATE (Handicap) of 50 move.,
for all ages. Half a mile.
Mr. W. D. Gardener's Volenteer, 3 yrs. Set 416.. (E. Sharp) 1
Dr. E. Millis Lady Derby. 3 yys. let 41b (E. Hartle) 2
Mr. Planing's Vulture, 6yrs, tit 7lb (J. Mann) 3
Betting : 5 to 4 on Lady Darby, 7to 4 ,gat Volunteer.
Vulture lay in front for the first quarter of a mile, where
Volunteer and Lady Derby pasd him, the former winning
by a head ; three lengths between the mond and third.
His MAJFJerr's PLATE of 100 guises. ;
set 71b ; four, gat 716 ; five and upwards, Ist 121 b. Two
miles
Mr. Spencer's Bluejacket, aged, fist 121 b T.. Sharp' I
Captain tare's Gibraltar. 4 yrs. Set 71b (J. Mann) 2
Mr. Ingham's Prophet, 4 yrs, est 71b (3. lbwerel
Sir. Goulding. cby Alarm—Miss Eva, 3 yrs, list (Perry 4
Betting : it to 1 on Blue Jacket, who waited up to the
distance, from which point be drew away, and won easily
by two lengths ; • bad third.