The Express.
London, England, 1850-07-20 00:00:00

THE ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

MESTER, Tattashas.
The great dinner of the society was held this
afternoon, is • spacious pavilion la Queen-aunt,maid to
sasseatodate 1,060 pima. Oa no former 0001141311. asw
the Bristol year, when 2,000 persons sat dowa to the society's
&war, has the sail for tickets awe so strong.
Ta• prelisniasey ayel taste hating been duly honoured,
The PRZINDINT proposed the •• assail of the Forsig•
Witham"

The toast was warmly_ received, sad replied to by Mons.
DROUTN DE !AMYL who said that without any pre-
motor's to a premiss! kao «ledge of diede:ails of agriculture,
he had the macs; esteem for its manly and useful pursuit*
Even as • passing traviellerthrough the delightful county, so
aptly called " the garden of Eoglaod," he bad leisure to ad-
mire the energy put forth by landlords and farm, lit, so as
to render increasingly productive the land in proportion
with the increasing population. Re ts.d been struck with
wonder at the sight of tease alterations brought shoat
through the labour of experiesentalistr an f the resources of
men of scit-nee. Whether, he added, I consider your supe-
rior breed oi stock, your Improved instruments of husbandry,
your varied systems of applying your hold practises of drain.
log and suheciling, and your happy application of chemical die.
coteries for rem dying toe defects aud adding to the natural
oapabilitiss of your different B.ls—whether. aged*, I behold
around me your sturdy yeomen, and their blooming daugh-
ters, well may I say did Providence grant a more pro-
ductive land to a more deserving race.
The PRESIDENT then ite.rodaced the American
minister. _ _

Mr. ABBOTT LAWRENCE was greatly applauded.
Ile 'poke u follows: My lords and gentlemen: I nave had
placed in my hands a taut which I shell offer wi h very
great pleasure, inasmuch as it relates to the great interest of
this country and ot ell other countries—inasmuch ea to me
there is no want of harmony in those interests if properly
regulated. And, without touching upon any point that can
glee or will give the slightest umbrage or the slightest W-
heeling to any human teeing, I will, without any further
remark, announce to you the tout—it is " Agriculture,
Manufactures, anclCominercs." A friend, as I am, to all

those intoner, believing that the 031ItT, arid the glory, and
the interests of this country have been promoted by the en-
couragement of them all, I rejoice that agriculture is first.
Mr. President, I came here not as a foreigner—(hear, bear)
—I same here to claim relationship at your halide-2(hear,
hear)—l came here, for the first time in coy life, to see Ike
farmers of England with my own eyes—(great cheetiag)—
believing that when I sae the farmers of England I saw the
biekbone of England. ( tremendous applause.) I know
to, well the history of my anteaters and kindred of Eng.
land not to know that the farmers of England
have ever been loyal snd true to the crown. I knew their
history too well nut to know that the battles of England and
the glories of England. are indeb ed to the patriotism and
the power and the sacrifices of the farmers of England.
I came rem breause my anteaters were all farmer., and
English farmers too; and I name here, first, as toe repre-
sentative of a contrary, whose great na•tal interests are those
sounded on the soil. (Cheats) I came here to pledge to
you, and to offer to you, in that kind, that fraternal feeling
which should exist between two great nations connected with
the ties of blood, to offer to you the sympathies and the
kind feelings of the great body of farmers in the United
States of America. I came hers ne their representative to
tell you and to make lon feel and realise that WI feel under

Areal obligations to you for the experiment; you have
tried, winch you, being young and rich—(laugh.
ter)—are enabled to try, by your having the
capital, the skill, and what is more, the science,
which has been applied to the arts in Greet Britain. Mr.
President, when I look to the state et agriculture in 1860,
and compare it in Eaglend with the state of atriculture in
1820, lam perfectly amazed. I have been overwhelmed to
I hove seen so much, heard so much, that I have not
had time to digest it. (Cheers.) I have seen to-day that
which I have never seen before. When I look back to this
country only 30 years, and in the annals of time it is but •
day, and look to that period, what was produced f I find the
average product of emcee in this realm was not more than
20 or 22 bush. Is to the acre, and now high authori ies of all
parties and all shade, of political opinion agree that the ave-
rage product of England. is 24 to 33 bushels per acre
(Hear. A voice, " 'rainy." t Thirty, then, if you please.
(Hear, hear.) The nacre the better. It it ware 40 I should
ejoice, and thank Hod that yiu have the prior place. We
in the United States have not the slightest jealousy of
agriculteral interest of England. We rejoice at every new agri-
cultural implement you bring oat suitable to your condition.
We rrj Ace if through the application of agricultural chemistry
you can produce a spier of grass more in the kingdom. It is
a matter tor you, gentlemen, and not for me, to di Bide on
theme great questions which now agitate this country, fcr I
do not CMe hers to enter into the political discussions of
the British people. I may happen to have my own opinions,
but they wiil never be expressed in Great Biiiiin—(hear,
hear), so far as regards the internal policy of this great
nation; but I will tell you this, the more food you produce
the nearer you supply this great and mighty people, the
more rejoiced I should be and the great clumpy I r. present.
(" Hear, hear," and cheers.) In regard to commerce, there
is not • man within the sound of my voice, I apprehend,
wh3 will not agree with me when I say that commerce, or
n.vi.,ation, or trade, whatever you denominate it, whatever
name you choose to give it, is essential to the prosperity of
the agricultural interest. Commerce has been the
great pioneer of civilisation—(near, hear) ; and
what country has done so much as this to
civilise the world through the instrumentality of commerce
(Cheers.) I wish to do perfect justice to all interests, bt-
Atvit.g that all are in harmony. With regard to manufac-
tures, it would be idle, it would be futile teed foolish in me

sotto acknowledge that the manufactures of England—the
spiailles of England if you please—have, in Conjunction
with this great and powerful, and patriotic body of &grim:-
cerise, fought the battles of Great Britain. There is no
discrepancy whatever, in my judgmen', in maintaining that
all the-c interests are vital to the prosperity of this nation,
and of all great nations. I believe that these three great
interests are identical. I: is ter you to decide, not me, how
far you will be dependent upon foreign nations for food ;
but I tell you, gentlemen, that I shall deem it • mis-
fortune to my own country and to the world, whether
by the legislation of your own government, or from any
other cause, this in'gh.y nation, Great Britain, should lose •
portion of its power in the family et nations. There is room
for us all. (Renewed cheers.) I desire to see competition
essoeg liberal—among ail nations, in fact—l desire to
bee a competition existing between the old Acglo-
Ste id and the young Angkr-Saxon, and let that
competition be upon one principle, how shall we
advance and diffuse civilization throug..out the world.
I am happy, Mr. president and gentlemen, to state to you
that on this occasion the United States is not represented
alone by me. I have on my right one of the most eiistin-
euished statesmen of the United States, and, what is better,
one of the best farmers in the t: sited States. (Hear, hear.)
That gentleman is the American Ambassador at Paris ; and
he is come here to meet you today—his Ezeellency, W. C.
Reaves, of Virginia. Mr. Reaves and inset' are not the
ony representatives of the United States, am proud to say.
In this room somewhere—l know not where—there is one
of the greatest stock-breeders of the United States—Colocel
Morris, Vsoe-President of the Now Voile Agricultural
Society, a gentleman who has been purchssirg
the English stock very largely, that we in
the Western World may improve our own.
Before I sit down I cannot help thankieg, es • humble in-
dividual, the inhabitants of the city ot Exeter. His Es-
cell. racy sat down amid great applause.
The Earl of CHICHESTER, who occupied the vice.
president's chair in lieu of the Duke of Richmond, who was
prevented by public business from attending, proposed the
Health of the Mayer and Corporation of Exeter.
B A. SANDERS, Esq... the Mayor, acknowledged the
tout.
Lori WODEHOUSE, in proposing" the Labouring
Classes of Eugland," threw himself upon the kind indul-
gence of the guests, because he felt that he wee a stranger in
that part of the country. I am sure, said be, every reflecting
man will feel that this is a subject which at
all times requires of us most grave consideration,
especially at a period when there had been and still is so
great • ferment and movement among the labouring classes
of so =soy countries in Europe—a movement, the importance
et which we must not estimate from its open manifestation—
thoukh they have been significant enough—but from
that under-current of opinion which for aught we know may
be silently producing results of which it may not now be
useful or opportune to speak. (Claus.) Gentlemen, I
say at such meetings as these, which me men
tia.ly meetings of employers of labour, it is not
right that we should pass over this subject In silence.
There is one circumstance which distinguishes this country
from all the countries of the world with regard to the con-
dition of the labouring classes : it is, that the condition of the
labouring classes of this eminuy is, so to speak, universally
the condition of labourers oa hue. In most of the other
countries of Europe there are a large numb. r of peewit pro
prietoes. la Prance, I think I have heard, there are not
fewer, if not more, than four millions of peewit proprietors.
In parts of Germany there are a still larger proportion ; soto
speck generally, I say the condition of labourers for hire, as
the general condition of the labouring classes, is in a manner
peculiar to this country. In this state of things, in which I
cannot help seeing that society is divided into two camps, the
employers and employed—a difficult sad delicate question
arises which the safety and well being of society requires
to be solved. (" Heir, hesr," end cheers.) Gentlemen
will. I am sure, agree with me that it is not
by lowering the height, lint by raising the depth, that we
may advance the condition of the labourer; end, among the
means for this great end, I confess I place a high value on •
sound system of education, to an improved sense—that of
training the mind, drawing out its capacities, and strength-
ening its powers by constant habit and use—this, I thy, is
an improvement to any man in every condition of society.
(Loud cheers.) It enables the labourer to reject bad
adviee—beensse it enables him to reason about what he hears
and reads—b. cause it enables him to reject at once delusive,
though seductive, theories, which enchain and take captive the
uneducated or half educated man. (" Hear, hear," and
cheers.) But, gentlemen, mistake me not, this is • work of
time. Habits of providence and forethought, which are the
objects to be sought for are not to be found in a momenta
new generation must spring up, trained is better habits of
bob and of mind before any great social change may be
looked for. I speak with some confidence having visited
• eonsidsrable number of cottages in my own and other
parts of England, ag4l I grieve to say, in too many
iastanoes the *Maim pit the agricultural labourers
are insufficient to aemeamodste badly contemned,
badly ventilated, badly drained. Two or three fa-
milies are crowded together regardless of Gleam
and cleanliness—(mer, near)—bat who can say that
there is nos a spirit ot, improvement abroad ? We may point
to many instances at landlords who have improved their cot.
tars. We may point with satisfaction to the papeend
mays which have would ander Me caution awl in the

journal of this society. I em cone.need it is of great im-
portance, less you suet begin at the right end; it is by
ewe (reside that the character of the labourer Is formed. •
(Cheers.) If habits of decency and order and of self-raven
are wanting, then it is vain to tea to contend with them by
it flumes and by means which can never contend on equal
ground with domestic it fineness—(. hear, hi as," and cheers)
—three leftmost, which engrain themselves into the very
nature of a man. (Cheers.) Although, gentlemen, I fees
I have trespassed too long, I cannot pass over the subject of
emigration, which has of late orient led so large a share ei
public attention is relation to the condition of the labourer.
I confer that, as far as my humble opinion goes, I have Gill.
faith In any great government scheme of emigration.
(ber, hear.) I believe ft would generate into a great
government job and would not produce the benefits its
promoters expect. I am so friend to what has been justly
termed the scraping out of pauper', but I am a friend to
any pliin for amialleg the enterprising labourer wishing to
repair where his services would meet with a high reward.
I know and I rejoice to know it that the labourers of
England possess many of the best qualities in the highest
degree. For energy, for endurance, fee fidelity, I am con-
'laced that they are not surpatsed by the labourers ot any
country in the world. They deserve your weld tenets, they
deserve your reaped, and I am sure they possess it. We
have had an instance to-day in the magnificent show ofea.2
and implements of whet energy and skill can effect. I ih
apply all that energy and skill to the am, hinting the con-
dition of the lahau er, who had so large a share in pro-
ducing that proud exhibition. I am convinced the em-
ployers of labour will do much, but I em proud to say never
theirs' the improvement of the labourer will corns maid,
from himself; and I believe that there is that good Renege
that good sense in the labourers of England, which will
always attach them t. the cause of order and
the maintenance of our ircitutions. Bat I believe
at the same time that they have the characteriatic of Eng-
lishmen and will greedily embrace and easily carry out any
rational scheme for their improvement. (Cheers.) I give
you "Toe welfare of the labourers," and let us drink it
with a strong feeling of the value of their good will and a
hearty determination to deserve it.
The Earl of YARBOROUGH proposed the health of the
prisiden-, which, having been duly responded to,
SILLIFANT expatiated at some length on the la-
bours sf the judges, ant concluded by proposing their health',
perticularly mentioning Mr. List, r and Mr. Cnamberlain.
Mr. CHAMBERLAIN returned thanks for the umpires
for stock, whose duties he declared had never beta greater
than en this oche-len. IC reference to what fell from Lord
Wodehouse on education, he remarked that he hoped some
plan would be pr pounded for the education of the children
of small farmers who could not be sent to boardiog schools.
(Cheers.) Hs trusted some proprietary schools might be
tstabNehea in which this clue might receive the benefit of a
good sound rAigious English ( ducation.
Mr. LISTER alluded :o the improvements in implements,
especially noting the testing machine of the society, ...vented
by the society's engineer, Mr. Amos, en.: observed, that he
thourht that another theme:a wt it'd still be wanted in mole-

musts, and that was the impltment of the packet. kr.
Chamberlain had spoken of the sons of farm rs wanting edu-
cation, would the land'ords tutu,. him if he esid they
wanted education themsilvcs ? (enters and hisses) lie had
found that where the landlord understood his business, there
was a kind and cordial feeling between landlord and tenant.
He thought the society would teach the great people a great
lesson. (Disapprobation.) Tee President had gone to one
extreme, perhaps he was going to another. (Much confu-
sion, miogled with cries of ' Go on.'') As to the hbouren
he sold give us remunerating priers and we can employ
double the labourers we have. (Cheers.) Ile would take
Linaoln, Yorkshire, Nortlumberlsnd, Cumberland, Wtst-
moreland, and he said if you went to have better farming
you must have more labour. What did emigration do ? It
sent away the very sinews of labour. (enters and confu-
sion ) Let the great people encourage the productions of
their own country and keep their labour at home.
The speaker was pursuing some further remarks, when
he was loudly called to order, and he r ruined his seat with-
out finishing his lest sentence, aroicht loud uproar, mingled
with calls to him to proceed.
The CHAIRMAN asked if it was the wish of the meet-
inn that he should proceed. Lou,. cries of " No, no," fol-
lowed by cries of " Yes," and great cenfusion. The noble
chairman then announced abet the pary weld not speak at
all; and otter what he termed this 0 I.lessent (!) little dif-
ference of opinion," his lordship call, d ep n
The Americus minister in Paris, Mr. RIVES, who, after
a e implimentary spire* proposed "Success to toe Agricul-
tural Aemistion of Scotland and Ireland."

Sir ROBERT PRICE oropov d the !width of the Presi-
dent .leir,theD.k• of Richtnoltd, for whom

Lord CHICHESTER replied.
TIN PRESIDENT then gave as a toast The railway
companies, wish (hulks to there for the faeilit es afforded."
Mr. BIJLLEN, of the Blistol and Beira Rsilway, re-
plied, and the meeting dispersed.

FRIDAY MORNING.

Already the intense excitement which prettied the City
during the whole of yererday is subdued, a:though the
crowd seems by no mean■ lessened at the show.yards. Lut
night the seers at the railway station, previous to the depar-
ture of the 10 30 p.m. special train to Bridgwater was ter-
rifi3. The oth:v doors were closed up to within a short
time of the starting of the train, and the pushing, driving,
shouting, and hsranguing exceeded all description. The
railway con:peaks do not rem to have MMUS,' theensalves

to the full eztent of the pasyntger path, ; their arrangements
were miserable in the extreme, b r.h on the Bristol and
Ex-ter and South Devon lines; hundreds were left waiting.

the greater put of the day at the intermediate stations, and
hundreds more wets brought to the city in horse bones,
open trucks, and waggons, never bore used for such a
purpose. Deriog the afternoon of yesterdsy the weather,
which up to four o'clock had been uccueptimsbly fine,
suddenly changed to rain.
At 10 o'clock this morning the general meeting of the

numbers took place in the conned oh..a-niber at the Guildhall,
the Falk/eat, the Msrquia of Dawnthire, being in the chair.
Colonel CIIALONER, in proposing a vote of thanks to
the Mayor, which he put forward at their expression of
gratitude to the whole of the inbabatint., camplaaeated the
latter upon the extraordinary exethuhe which they had
made to da honour to the whit.

....
The vote was secinde.i by the ILL Mr. CLIVE sad
carried unanimausly.
A similar acknowledgment was male of the services of the
local committee and of the owners and occupiers of the lard
used for the show ; aad also of the mansg,ra of the Devon
and Exeter Museum, which had been thrown open gratis to
the public.
Thanks were given to Sir Thomas Aclaud and Mr. Turner
for affording the society an opportunity of inspecting the
system of water meadows, which were peculiar to the
county.
B. ALMACK, E q., proposed a cote of thanks to Pro-
fessor Simends, which was passed, and duly acknowledged
by the professor.
Colonel CHALLONER, basing Tired the President out
cf the chair and put the Hon. Mr. Clive therein, asked the
meeting to retryu their best thanks for the benefits which
they bad received from the noble marquis as president.
Toe lion. Mr. WILSON seconded the vote, which was
tarried by acclamation.
The PRESIDENT responded, and he mee:ing dissolved.
This pretty nearly finishes the Royrl Agricultural So-
ciete's exhibition of 1850, and long w.:l it be remembered
in Exeter.

FRIDAY EVENING.

Shortly before three o'clock I man admitted to the
Pavilion, at the bottom of Sand: eland-street, built expressly
for this demonstration, in favour el protection to British
agriculture. The refusal of the Royal Agricultural Society
to grant the use of their pavilion at a late peeled, allowed
little time for the construction of a place suitable for the
purpose. Bat, without quarrelling with the roughness of
appearance, I may observe that the space enclosed was
reputed to be considerably lager than in Qieen-street. To
make the most of their forces, the dtrecters had, like good
generals, extended an unusually large space between the
tables, but the tilling up of the seats was more difficult, and
'though they waited and welted and wait. d lung beyond the
dinner hour, the arrivals were slow, and two of the tables
locked occupants altogether. 1 t was said that Mr. Disraeli,
M.P., was expected from Linden I y the express train—but
he was only expected. Tn. Doke of Richmond was, of
course, detained in London from the pressure of important
public business. Immediately behind the president was a
gallery for ladies.
Athaltthest three the President, Sir J. B. Y. Briaart,
Bert., M.P., entered and took his place, immediately upon
which grace was said. On his right was seated the hero of
the feast, G. F. Young, Beg , and on his left Earl Stanhope.
The dinner was passably good, but suffered greatly from
comparison with that of yesterday. Precisely at four o'clock
seven enthusiastic ladies entered the gallery and received vo-
ciferous cheers ; they were shortly bellowed by two more.
At 20 minutes past four a round of applause ancounced the
strived of four more ladies. The next minute two ladies,
who brought with them a little boy, were emburrarsed by
the same unseemly exhibition.
After the usual touts,
The CHAIRMAN gave " The health of Mr. G. F.
Young."
Mr. YOUNG, who was cheered on rising, congratulated
them on the proud position protection occupied now to w hat
it did twelve months since. At that period the very exist-
ence of a protectionist party was ignored. Were they ignored
now 1 They were a fact, and the time was not far distant
when they would be acknowledged as • great fat.
In a speech of great length he contended that the system of
fns trade—the admitting cotton free of duty—was to en-
courage manufactures, and that was only protection in ano-
ther form. The Coreplaw League had boasted that they had
distributed 100 tons of tracts and pamphlets gratuitously.
The spirit of mischief was abroad, and did not pause at such
sacrifices. He counselled them to learn a lesson of ex-
perience from their opponents. He was not so foolish as to
run a " muck " against tho press, but there were papers cir-
culating among the humbler c.asses most extensively, which
were immoral papers. He challenged the Easter free traders
to hold such a meeting as this, and, in contusion, said they
had land wanting cultivation, labour wasting employment,
sepsrabundast capital, but the nation, with a deep infatua-
tion, instead of accumulating
wealth, spends its money in
sensing its labourers forth to foreign clime at a great expense,
instead of employing them advantageously on their own soil.
The health of Earl STAN HOPE having been drunk, the
noble earl said ha was desired by the Duke of Richmond,
whose name was justly dear to them all, to expresa to them
his severe concern at not being enabled to dome here, having
an attempt was etude to
to attend this evening in parliament, to obtain justice for the
Monday, an
which had been promised
TthMh4aott justice was refused, and showed
down* bad said that parliament was •41 Mr protect the
tfriaisateLZihr:Sellliratisitiesza°olvP:p.r‘lateilLs ents wss a broken reed. Lard Lens-
, interest of the manufacturers, whilst • . yti' .of the,airi.
Gully:este, who had invested capital hey _ ;tithe *Ake
i et parliamentary promiatis whir, tram r foot !f
1 esentleed at the 'has of oh' ' ..4 . illPfk
y-'',.: • : - li
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