The Express.
London, England, 1850-08-26 00:00:00

gilt erprefso.

OUTGOING MAILS.
The naafis be Lisboa, Spats, and Gibraltar will be namie
tO-MITOW menlag.
Toe sails for Britian North America. Bermuda, and the
United states will be made up on the evening of August 30.
The West India Mails, 'ninths, Honduras, Name,
He-
wannah and Jena (St. Dmisinge), and including Vise
retie, New Granada, and On Tawa (St Jean de Nicaragua)
be made up ea the morning of September 2.
The mails for Mesico will be made up on September 2.
Tb awns he Nadine, the Beadle, and Baena Ayres, will
be ask up on the maim/ of Sept. 4.
lne malls eW itaneshm, to me Mediteeranesa, Bap;
CllOll, India. Hoop-Soap, Ile., will be mad* up I. the
even* of 3 pt 7.
The mails for flevaansh, Honduras, Weems, Jamul,
Chili, mad Pers,will be made up teethe morning of Sept. 17.
Ch. mails he Gibraltar, Malta, Grew" the lotion Islands,
ggypt, Ceylon, India, sad China, Ma Seatiseimptcm, will
be made up ea the morning of Sept. 20.

UlOll Willa AT wirDost IgnIDITIL
Tan Dal -Illerstat. 44. 4
T,A•samr•-/Asselasolk. V a.... - Airmen. at. Aft.

LONDON, MONDAY, AUGUST 20.

THERE could not to a much More important faro-
Intim than that which gathered up all the capital,
skill, labour, and energy scattered throughout the
kingdoms, and employed far the service of providing
and furthering transport and Iccomotion, and combin-
ing them in what must be considered as one vast,

übiquitous, yet connected and compact establishment.
It was a great subtr..ction of power and numbers from
that mass nurtured and steeped in agricultural habits
and ideas. The coach and the waggon owner, the
driver, the ostler, all grouped around that
prominent animal the horse, were in fact but
one offset frem the fanning and peasant
population. The capital, skill, labour, and
energy now employed, are of a different origin and
very different ideas. The capital is commercial, the
labour and skill mechanical, the energy is that of a
united body, not that of the scattered members of a
rural population.
The tendency of industtial organisation has been
in fact for the last half century to concentrate the
*cattreed powers of labour, as well as of labouring
energy and mind. This has taken place in almost all
manatiteures. And we know not but that yet, or
(yen soon, some discovery may he made or innovation
take place to concentrate the power of agricultural
labour and mike it completely a manufacture. Such
changes will render, as indeed such changes hsve ren-
dered. the management cf the muses something far
more ditSc-It than it has been hitherto. We see the

reatilts prcduced in the metropolis and great towns
of Francs by the congregation of the artizan and
labouring clam cornbint d with the gregarious and corn-
munieatiee habits of Frenchmen, with their early ha-
bas of equality, their r.rolutionary and republican
traditions, the absence of family ties, and the weak-
ness, or non-existence, of relig►ous belief. None of
these aggravating circumstances are to be found with
ns. Our social habits, too, keep man from man, and
isolate people in families far more than French.
But, on the other hand, being more advanced in in-
durtrisl we have far greater concentra-
tions of labour, more formidable and more intelligent
masses to deed with. . . .

/I"...icrto our chief difficulties have been with the
more unskilled portion cf operative labour—that
easlest acquired, consequently most abundant, and
driven, for that remain, but too naturally to the
m nn of wagesand the mazirrioni of work. Parliament
and government hare thought tit to interfere in these
relations, and we are confident that it has done so
more to allow thu governing and dominant class to
arsurne the character of protectors to the
poor %Lan from any other ground. The
political motive is at the bottom of
the charitable in too many minds and instances, par-
liament thus enticing the mechanical labourer to
lock to it, rather than to popular or extra-psrliamen-
tary powers and association. Bet we have too often
signaeised the incourmienos and danger to which
these may lead to teed the dwelling upon them at

present.
The service of the railreads steeds in a category
quits by itrelf. Here the lives and interests of the
wide public are immediately affected, entrusted to
the tetablishmenteP and hourly and daily at the mercy
of its servants. A strike. in • factory is a casual
matter, compared with that upon a great line of
attar- aril rell communication. Such an inter-
ruption is more like • mutiny in • regiment or a ship
of wee, than a mere diff.reece between the members
of a commercial eateliishment. And it is one which,
if it last., will infallibly call in public inquisitiven.ss
and, finally, governme..t interference.
Itailroad drivers and mechanical authorities should
well consider their position. They are not in the
same category with the chief artizao, mechanist, or
ronductor of a manufactory, or private establishment.
Railroads, though under private management, are
essentially
.yubl e esteblistments; and public este-
to:laminas in which discipline, with the care of life
and property dependent on it, are so imperative that the
legislature will infallibly place railroad management
and subordisa'ion under exceptional rules. Let them
look at the merchant service of our shipping. Ves-
sels are built, manned, and freighted by private
capitol, under individual direction. The business is
essentially private acd individual. Yet so imperative
is the necessity of disciplice, that the state has placed
the men embarl‘ed in the merchant service under a
quite exceptional erode, and, in truth, under one of the
most rigid and irresponsible tyrannies that ever was
framed.
If insubordinatior. and tarbulence display them-
selves in the ranks of railway ern/roe/fee, government
and the legislature must interfere, and the result
will be me of two things, either an especial and rigid
cods, like that of the mi reliant service, or an under-
taking of the management of Finney, by the slate,
as the only power capable of largely ecforcing disci-
pline. Ti. chiefs of our army and of our navy de-
clue that they cannot preserve discipline without the
power of arrest, of the lash, and of courts-martin,
which consider disobedience to a sup-riot as an
almost capital crime. Several of the continental
powers have placed their railways under military
Jurisdiction • and an Austrian engineer who en-
daegi rs the lives of his passengers is forthwith sul:-
jec'ed to midtary punishment.
We should be sorry to see the slightest approach to
such a regimen meditated here. Hut in truth, if
the whole railway comn.unication of the kingdom is
to be obstructed, as is now menaced, by the objection
of the eren to undergo certain fines, against which
they appeal by general mutiny, then all we can any
ie. that they wi:l cause a sweeping change in the
laws of railway discipline.
Englishmen will never consent to the continental
remedy of transferring railways to the s'ate. Pri-
vate enterprises they must remain, and it the se-vice
cannot be effected, discipline preserved, the lives of
tie community icaured, acd VA, needful transpirt of
themselves and their property guaranteed, parlia-
ment will interfere, and how can it interfere, but by
acern-reing the power of the directing authorities?
Whilst giving this warning to the men, we must
at the same time offer some necessary advice to their
employers. Railroad companies have for the last
Tyr been runnirg continually upon one shoal or
er.other, in all and each of which government
wcs obliged to come to their aid, and in aiding to
curial their power. The affair of audit is
not yet settled, and may lead to a government
inspect on of accounts, as there has been a government
inspection of works. If they do not want to have
a government inspec'or of locomotion foisted on them,
tiny vii take measures for at once contenting so
imp (runt a body as engine-driven, and at the semi
time interesting Hera in being obedient and attached
to the establishment. A ',stem of grace and super-
animated allowances, established by the company,
hatted of the latter being left to the work-
men themselves, would crtree a lick and an
incentive to mutual confidence and forbearance. Rail-
roads, we are aware, arc but in an incipient and tran-
sitory sate, struggling with adversity and disappoint-
meat and aiming to reconcile he often incompatible
cads of economy and efficiency. Ihey have, a'. the
same time, both government and the public, more
xealotre caviare', and adverse than either air or
fran.ily. 'Their task is, teerefure' difficult, their ob-
eerie Hens ioealewlab!e. Hut with wisdom, foresight,
and febesararce, rning!id with eigileaelen'd firmcesa,
all may he ram 'me, eve :a the hostility of their ser-
vants, who are actively poisoning and cuttirg off the
henry, from which they draw 'heir oi.

II anything can in,ke the party s hich adennes
supernaturc: prctensioos on behalf of thr. Church of
England ashamed of the Mille') of EXLTER, it is his