The Express.
London, England, 1866-09-12 00:00:00

MOB WATER AT LONDON !MIDGE

TO DAT 60; -AitenToZ4Z 413. lon.
To-Ohaow—Marnihy 411. 211 m Atterhook, 411.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12.

for his prot4g4 of " honour, thanks, and wise
" imitation."

Mr. CARLYLE has generally the erectit—end, so
far as we are able to judgeoleserves it—of tho-
rough and accurate inquiry into the historic evi-
dences of any matter with which he deals.
But L is difficult to believe that he can
have even looked into the Jamaica
Eke Books. - Mr. Buz is censured, by
the parsons whom Mr. CARLY= denorman,
not for wbat he did in the suppression of the in-
surrection, but for the homicides which he sanc-
tioned after the insurrection had, by his own con-
fession, been suppressed. Without legal trial,
and on evidence utterly inconclusive as to their
guilt, Mr. EYRE put to death men whose alleged
crimes, if they had been proved, would not have
been capital, and whose death the public safety
d'd not demand. The phrases in which Mr.
CartLyLE speaks of " the perilous and appalling
" difficulty, something like the case of ' fire '
" suddenly reported 'in the ship's powder-
" room,' in mid-ocean, where the moments
" mean ages, and life and death hang on your
" use or misuse of the moments," are very tolerable
rhetoric, but are very irrelevant as logic ; for the
fire had been put out and the powder damped,
and the perilous and appalling difficulty had
" ' '

ceased, and the momenta had ceased to mean ages,
and to oarry life or death with them, when Mr.
EYRE committed the acts which Mr. CARLYLE,

writing under imperfect information, or with
imperfect candour, approves. Even he is forced
to adduce the tyrant's plea of necessity, which
Mr. Erse himself has virtually disclaimed, and
which the report of the Commissioners has
refuted. It is for " unnecessary" executioni that
the ex-Governor of Jamaica has been recalled and
censured. Mr. CARLYLE'S real sympathy and his
formal defence rest upon grounds which are in-
consistent with each other ; and the same incon-
sistency runs through the apologies of the other
literary, clerical, and aristocratic partisans of
Mr. Erse. The refutation of their false assump-
tion converts their elaborate praise into the more
damning censure.

UR literary biography of Titostas CARLYLE,
when the time has passed alike for eulogy and for
detraction, will form one of the most curious of
psychological studies. It will have not less mor-1
than intellectual instruction. No literary weer
illustrates more impressively than his the degree
in which genius depends upon character, and so-
cial influence on both. Deterioration of moral
sentiment and corruption of style have kept pace
with each other in his later writings ; and the sta-
dium) which listened to his lightest words
as to the inspired utterances of a prophet, now
awaits his gravest with the expectant grin
which rewards in anticipation the antics of a
buffoon. That such a literary old age as his
should crown his literary youth and manhood is
among the saddest things in the misfortunes of
men of letters—sadder far than the fate of CHAT-
TERTON or of Savaor. The generous enthusiasm,
the poetic insight, the pure, if austere, morals, the
blended hope and sadness of an earnest tempera-
ment which glowed in his earlier pages, live in
his later writings only as half-extinguished fires
under the smouldering ashes. Mr. CARLYLE is a
remarkable instance of the manner in which
the life of ,the closet may unfit a man for judging
of the affairs of the world around him. Of in-
active habits and brooding temperament, his admi-
ration is given, by a sort of self-revolt, entirely to
men of keen worldly perception and prompt action.
Energy, howsoever inspired and directed, is the
object of his sedentary idolatry, and that energy is
moat visible to himwhen its path lies over countless
victims. His historic imagination requires vivid
pictures, and the slow and tedious processes by
which great results are achieved in obedience to laws
and constitutions are little to his taste. The
true hero, in his view, is one whose steady and ruth-
less purpose allows no obstacle to turn it aside; and
as strength of purpose is shown by the natural force
of the restraints which it breaks, a disregard of
ordinary humanity immensely stimulates Mr.
Cantata's reverence. Personally one of the
kindest of men, Mr. CARLYLE has cultivated an
intellectual taste for bloodshed—a literary lust of
carnage. He has become, by sedulous self-indul-
gence, voluptuous in cruelty. Like old Lass, in
his madness, he threatens to quit the stage, mut-
tering " Kill—kill—kill."
With these acquired habits of mind, it is not
wonderful that Mr. CARLYLE should find his sym-
pathies powerfully stirred by the events which
have taken place in Jamaica, and by the conduct
and character of the principal actor in them. The
letter which we publish to-day can surprise none
but those who have obstinately shut their eyes to
the real tendency of all his later teaching.
Disregard of law and indifference to human suf-
fering (or, as in the case of negroes Mr. CARLYLE
would probably consider it, semi-human suffer-
ing), where " anarchy " has to be combated, or
an inferior race has to be taught submission to its
natural rulera, are the principles of govenament which
Mr. CARLYLE has for many years been sedulously
instilling ; and he would be untrue to himself if
he did not welcome the striking exemplification
lately given in Jamaica. It is not strange,
therefore, that he should pronounce, in respect to
Mr. EYRE, that " penalty and clamour are not
" the things that this Governor merits from any
" of us, but honours, and thanks, and wise
" imitation, I will further say, should similar
" emergencies arise on the great scale
" and on the small, in whatever we
" are governing." We commend this passage
to those persons who imagine that the Jamaica
precedent cannot in the nature of things be dan-
gerous nearer home. The Tory journalists who
denounce the English Reform agitation as illegal
and seditious, have shown no readiness to
discriminate between Hyde-park and Mo-
rant Bay. Mr. CARLYLE unconsciously supports,
and indeed has anticipated, the assertions with
respect to the temper of certain classes among us,
for which Mr. CrOLDWIN SMITH has been coarsely
reviled. We are inclined, however, to hope that
the contingency to which both these writers look
forward with different feelings, is more distant than
either supposes. What Mr. Camara says of the
" clamour raised against Mr. EYRE," we repeat of
the clamour raised in his behalf, that it is " dis-
" graceful to the good sense of England ;" and "if
" it rested on any depth of conviction, and were not
" rather (as we always flatter ourselves it is) a thing
" of rumour and hearsay, of repetition and rover-
" beration, mostly from the teeth outward, we
" should consider it of evil omen to the country and
" its highest interest in these times." We, with
Mr. CARLYLE, flatter ourselves that the English
nation has not changed altogether ; " not yet
" quite ; but only that certain loose superficial
" portions of it"—a few literary humourista and
sentimentalists, a handful of Peers, and others
less considerable—" have become a great deal
" louder, and not any wiser, than they formerly
" used to be." We are confirmed in this view by
the fact that on the one side there are the two suc-
cessive Governments of Lord Resents and Lord
Dzairr, and the entire House of Commons ; en the
other, is the " Eyre Defence and Aid Com-
mittee." A Royal Commission of Inquiry, the
Executive, and the Legislature—whom Mr. Can-
LYLE, if he chooses, may call " loose superficial
" portions" of the English nation—unite in pro-
nouncing that Mr. EYRE has been guilty of the
gravest scram affecting the lives of innocent per•
sons. Whether those errors were crimes also, is a
matter quite irrelevant to Mr. Cantata's claim

1 a ssobilieed" militia, hyAntnghting men out of the mitre
lof the missal national armament, on the pi:oeiple of
voluntary enlistment in time of pesos, and by compulsory
1 service upon 1110 pressure of open vim

YR. J. P. PITICESST AWD THE Nine LORD N

The Star has some account of a pamphlet which it seems
Mr. J. Pope Hennessy has just published, entitled " Napo_
lean the Third and the Rhtne," the purport of which it
understands to be that France unanimously waists, sad
will bare, an extended Rhine frontier, and that England
ought "to give her moral support to France in the
achievement of what-Lord Palmerston called a natural
desire." Such a policy Mr. Hennessy hints would
be " eminently conservative," and would be "con-
intent with the character of Lord Stanley."
Mr. Hennessy appears from this pamphlet to be a more
enthusiastic admirer of Napoleon 111. than even the DII/4
de Persigny himself. The meaning of the pamphlet is
that, as the Emperor of the French is omnipotent and
omniscient, as all his schemes succeed, as all b;s calcula-
tions come right, England would do well to emaciate her.
self in time with him in relation to his Rhenish projects.
Mr. Hennessy parades with some pomp a conversation he
once had with Lord Palmerston on this subject. He
vouches for the " perfect accuracy" of the conversation,
and therefore we are bound to believe that Lord Palmers-
ton, talking with Mr. Hennessy, a oonmrvative, in the tea-
room of the House of Commons in 1863, thus alluded to
ono of his own most distinguished colleagues in °Moe :
"Don't quote Lord John's despatches," interrupted the
Premier, " let us talk sensibly." All Mr. Hennessy seems
to have got from his lordship was that if France wanted
Rhenish territory " it would be insanity for us to oppose"
her, but that there were also " good reasons why we must
not do anything to encourage " her in such • project.
The Star remarks that Mr. Hennessy throuThout his
pamphlet has omitted to take any account of the German
people. Yet they are worth thinking of, too. Perhaps if
ba considers the subject with this additional element in-
troduced into it, he may find out that it is not quite so
easy of solution as be seems now to think, and that the less
England mixes herself up in the nutter at all, the more
friends she is likely to retain and the fewer enemies to
make.

OUR CONTEMPORARIES.
(THIS DAY.)

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 12, 1866.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

THE NORTH GERMAN PARLIAMENT.
The Rhenish Goes& publishes the text of the
electoral bill &awn up by the commission df the
Prussian Chamber of Deputies for the parliament
of the Confederation of the North. The bill is
very much of the same character as the law under
which the famous parliament of Frankfort was
elected in He. The bill proposes to confer direct
universal suffrage with seer* voting on; all citizen.
of the confederated states of 25 years of age. Every
elector is eligible to a seat in parliament provided
he has resided three years in any of the states. Each
electoral district of 100,000 inhabitants to return
one member. Parliament is to verify the powers
of its members, to decide on their admission, and
to frame the rules of its internal organi-
sation and order. The bill contains 17 clauses,
the last of which is not the least significant, con-
sidering the prosecutions which not long since were
instituted against several of the Prussian deputies
for their hostility to the government ; namely,
that no member shall be liable to prosecution
outside the walls of parliament for any words he
may have spoken or any votes he may have given
in parliament.

(RZOTER'Ir TELEOPAIIB.)
FRANCE.

PARIS, Barr. 12.

An imperial decree has been issued ordering the
customs import duties upon sugar candies in cases
and casks to be levied in future according to the
net weight.
The Moniker of this morning publishes the fol-
lowing statistics relative to the late visitation of
cholera in Paris :—" The disease broke out in
Paris in the early part of July. The greatest
number of deaths never exceeded 150 daily. To-
wards the end of July the violence of the epidemic
sensibly diminished, and since Sept. 1 the average
number of eases which proved fatal has been 15
daily in the hospitals and 22 daily in the city
itself."

AIISTP.LI AND ITALY.

FLORENCE. Eim. 12.

The financial negotiations between Austria and
Italy are said to be nearly completed atVienna. The
plenipotentiaries are believed to have agreed upon
reproducing in the treaty about to be concluded
the stipulations already inserted in the treaties
of Prague and Paris. It is expected that the nego-
tiators will confine themselves to laying down in
the treaty the principle of management, and that
the liquidation will be carried into effect by special
commissioners, without the conclusion of peace
being delayed.
LEGHORN, Barr. 11.

A meeting of the shareholders of the Tuscan
Bank has been held in this city, at which it was
resolved in principle that a fusion should take
place between this bank and the national bank of
Italy.

NEW BAVARIAN LOAN.
MUNICH, Scrr. 12.

The House of Erlanger of Frankfor'...-on-the-
Maine,in company with some other German bankers,
will to-day conclude a lottery loan to the Bavarian
government of 28 million thalers. The loan will bear
Interest at 4 per cent., 1 per cent, further being
allotted for prizes, and the bonds will be to the
amount of 100 thalers each.

The loan lof six and a half million dollars,

announced last mail as having been nego-
tiated by the Chilien government with the
leading banking houses has not been ratified,
on account of certahi conditions imposed upon the
government by the lenders to the effect that Chili
ixi the present war should only aefit en the defensive.
A representative of Bolivia had arrived in
Chili for the purpose of arranging the ques-
tion of the Ifejißones upon the basis of
.joint working of the guano deposits.
The French firm of Arnaud had arranged to
advance six million dollars to Chili and Bolivia,
and to work the guano deposits, dividing the profits
between the two countries.

The Chilian man-of-war steamer Henrietta, from
England, has arrived at Valparaiso. The Valpa-
raiso markets were unchanged.
Exchange on London, 44d. to 44}d. ; on Paris,
4.62 to 4.66. Bar silver per mare, 10 dole. 620.
The Callao markets were improving. The ship-
ping business was more active. The guano trade
was unchanged. Saltpetre declining.