The Express.
London, England, 1859-02-15 00:00:00

HIGHWAYS BILL.

lift HARDY (w-htler;;ld;tCries of "move" end
"poe'punv") moved the second vatting of the H'ghwsys
Bin. He stated the' the subject of the menagemeat of
highways had been bought f sward by warceseiva gmm-
mate. The subdivision of the country is this respect was
mimed to snob an eared, and the system hed pr rimed mob
bed toads in all porta of the couotry, that it was necessary
to tau steps to put ea sad to ie. The money exreeded on
highwayelest year was 2,149,7331., while in 1837 it wee
ng as fir-Tessa of ooruething like a million.
Them were so lose than 17,418 mayors of highways in
existence, which wee simply absurd, and ouch a sysrem could
sot possibly produce efficient officers in every cote. The
state of things in tunny parts of the reentry wee such that a
dungy wu imperatively emoted. An wrempt wee needs,
la 1835, to make an alterauon by means of the voluntary
elan. s in the Highway Act, sad la order to
arty ant the object in view„; he proposed to make
those ensetraents emopulaory. Every district which
hod acted oa those clatters and appu;nted a said surveyor
frond the. roads Improved. The right hoe. geodesists the
member for Radnor, in a bill be introduced. proposed that
salons should firm the districts which should have Dm I
&urged the toads, which was objected to. His hen. friend
(Bdr W. Julliffo), in 1832, brought in a bill, in which he pro-
posed that the petty nemelaael divis one should be the di,-
uicts, which wall the peinciple adopted by the hon. member
r Salford la hie bill last pos. N.ither of Moro plane ap-
;motet to him desirable, sad he had adopted the pritsolp's
which was shadowed forth by the late Sir Robert Peel, who
th-aught that the country should be divided Into anent:to far the
Marro of highways, and th t the rot/payers Mould e'eot
boards distinct frees the beards of glardians. He had cow-
eidend whether it was not posrible to mare distears tar-
p tidy for dealing with able subject In tik• bilis of the
right hos. winter foe Rather and of the member for Sal-
ford, power was given to jnetiees at gouger tiatakes, If they
we., lot satisfied with the &Arida laid down is those Hite,
lo create others; and he thought it wadi be bettor at once
to give them power to originate &WW2. Be bed inserted
in his bill a weirdo& that in bceneghe having exanneis4ass
of the peace, the jetliner might kerns district*, and vary out
their own rood*, without Memos to the county mag.s ratan.
He had stated the meta .Ideal Ile the bill, wbkh was con-
Ira te owsageweet only. If be coed, he would make a
&Wog nonid,vith s mina, married paying fed its own

0. C. LEWIS gave hie °afire 'sent to the risolple
of twinging parishes or townships together in a district; and
he did not bellies the expiate of tossioteinhig the highways
would be increand by the appointment of as Molest sur-
veyor, at a moderate stipend, for each district; indeed, ex-
perience bad shown It would rights be diminished. This
system bad for several yews pest been Introduced to some
mamba of Webs, eel he 00•11 a bear vrimem that the malt
was as realist ea eamesimy.
Mr. NANNY tboadlet this ea suallent bill, and believed
k would promote emasosty. lie observed that the ramp
bed kites away the India teem the turapike ready, bat is-
erased the WAD as the crose.eseds to the railway
sod ass of tame eross-rtade adieu ran tbroughtstn
withal at townships. It was eery desirable M have a
skilled surveyor fer each distrist, mod of the ignorant per-
sons tee often employed by the parities now.
TM bill was then read a esoomil time.
The second reading el the flak of Palsies Bill was, pod-
pelted to Folds,.

, -
The third of the Occooload Forms of Prayer Bill
was protiontsd to

TEE FINANCES OP INDIA.

Lord STANLEY said he had sow te eater the hawse to
aim their attrition to • statement of hobs which, however
naporteir both M the 'arrests of India and England, would,
he find, be somewhat doll. He would first drew ea oath*
of the Insacial state of India daring the last two years, coma
pond with the yore immediately preceding. The insures-
non tura to May, 1867. At that time the finaneal year
had just closed. The revenue tar thee year, taking the ex-
change at Is. for the rupee, war 38,303,0001., and the expect-
aunt was 33,482,0004 ; mains deficit of 179,0001. But
with regard to the denoit of this, as well se for preceding
yore some time trek, it was to be noticed that 2,850,0004
bad been laid cot on pub' works. That term of public
works In India was tether comprehesive. It r-
etailed public buildings and roads, and a
ve-
rity of mattes of expenditure, many of which
yielded no direct return, bat might be com-
pared to the outlay which • hadowber it Engird had
to make on his own property. It wee therein" impeseible to
secede& how mach of the Labia expediter ea pahlh
works was an outlay to the strict sense of the word, and
how mach was as Investment. But summing that credit
might be tam for one-half of it as • remunerative Inver-
meat, the scronate of the few years previom to the rebellion
would show • &Weirton of that apparent de.
flea, or rather in the year ending In the spring of 1867 a
reel ample' of something like 1,200,0001. Of the ten yews
metellag that date, beginning with 1846-7, the first there
sod the het three years showed a deficit, and only the inter-
mediate ibuy l'lllll a surplus. The deficit in 18634
was 2,100,0004 Is 1864.6 it was 1,700,0004 la
18664 it was meetly me elflike, and in 1866-7 it
was 179,0804 We lied one
this remit, that, et the
time ad the outbreak of the sorry the egailibe:um between
the income end eapeaditure had been pretty nearly restored,
with an maw outlay of them two millions a year on
public imprommeets, one-half of which, con-idered as co.
munostiminvestment, might be dednetel from die apes&
tare side of the .smear, et be taken es going to lies
re ritual surplus. Now what was the cheap that had be n
produced in the Illesnetal stets of India by the disturbances
of the last two yews? The emonsta of 18671 bed sot yet
bent received ; they would shortly arrive, sad should be laid
bare the home. We had, however, an estimate for that
Ter 18674, and it gave the revenue at 31,644,0001.
exmadiMre In India de that wee
39,120,0002., making en estimated deficit ia year Tail;
which might be reckoned with sufficient accuracy
at 7.600,0001. But to that deficiency must be added
the extra expenditure eipm troops and storm in England,
reaching nearly 1 100,0004 We had therefore, In the year
18671, • lead estimated deficit amounting as basely as pm.
Able, la mead somber, to nine millions. (Hem, hr.)
Now lake the estireete far 1868-9, or the fiaaacial yew jest
toachalag, en the 11th of February. The rename for
1838.9 was 82,016,0001., and the tote' estimmied
expenditure', 'melodies horns ebonies of all
was 43,829,0002., making • deficit of 12,600,0001.
Adding to that the deficit of the preceding year, which was
aloe mama, we hsd, since the mutiny begon, • total ded.
dewy upon two years to the amount of 21,700,0001. (Sen-
sation) That did not make airy allowance whatever for
porta os foe Mime ii,used by the laeurreetion. The °alley
on public works in those two yeere together had been only
three millions kismet of four milli ns, which would have
been the charge calculaeed on the preceding yens. The
estimate of the Indian expenditure foe the year 185940 had
not yet been received ; we had therefore only a compara-
tive'', small estimate for home charges, sad with that he
would de il on • future 00288 i 11. In the c,lculatinn that ha
had subrukted to the house, no account was taken of the
compensation which it would be marry to make for Ness
*private property in the late disturbances. Them we •
commission now skiing in India to investigate this abject;
he bad officially applied to know when that cmandestri was
likely to maim he report, and, if pomade, to Urea the at..,
but he had not yet received any reply. A mierion wee
often put to the Indian ambits' ration In tire orietti7 upon
what ptiactple it was in'ended to deal with those chime for
compensation. It wee quite impossible, however, to ley
down any general rale until their amount and nature were
better known. The difficulty was that we could not with
say regard to Julies mike a &Waal= between the el acne
of Ear vane arid the claims preferred by natives
who either had been engaged is our service,
or lad taken part with the Beitieh government
and bed entered trays and pleader in the same minter as
Europe/tea had. (Cheers) Against the chime compen-
Nation must be set a oossidemble amount for the forfelore cf
lends sad pensioas by these who had been the leaders of the
imenrection. It would hi most indiscreet and impolitic I.
oar Fermi position to attempt to press on these roefl.catkos
for the sake of reverse. An arnately bad been declared, asd
we were bound to abide by It. All mi ray ought to be shown
that was consisteat with the strict demands of justice, and
eves of the primer y which might be legitimately placed in
our hands by fatter ere a lame portion must be deducted to
meet the jest demands of our native allies who bad stood
by us in this straggle. After spattcg all who in justice could
be spired, sad recompeasingall who bad aciaim for the wvices
they had readered, he apprehend. d there would still remain
• cousideralh nun to meet those claims of confesses on for
los.ea to which he had alluded. He proposed now to examine
me or two of the chief items from which the Indian revenue
was derived. Four-fifb!weretrom two sources—namely,

the lend revenue (including the sayer and abkaree tenaj
sad the opium monopoly, neither of which admitted of
augmentation. The former grew only with the growth of
the ter:tory, and the latter wee, upon principle, open to
objection. The nustcr'sl mopes of India, therefore, did not,
se in other conetries, produce a ccerespmdieg molt upon the
public revenue, while then WI more difficulty in imposing
new texas in India then elsewhere. There wee not the earn
means of amertaioin,r what the publio feeling was, nor the
same oppottunities of receding from an temente impost.
There Ina only one resource, that of diruiciebing the
outlay, and be thought he might safely assume that
the deficietcy of 21,600,0001. was more than dm to an ex-
penditure for extrasrdioary service.. The military expendi-
ture for 1856-57, the year before the mutiny, woe 11,546,0006.
la 1857-68, the first year of the mutiny, it amounted to
18,212,000/., and in 1868.69 it inched 22,698,000/. ; the
there ma is these two years en mese of needy 18,000,0001.
in military expenses dose. Besides this, the loss of revenue
by non-collection end plunder vie estimated at 5,660.0001. ;
these two mums alone made up a sum of 23.620.0001.,
exceeding the amount of the apparent deficiency.
He looked fined likewise, he observed, to a
considerable redaction of the civil expenditure by
the min extern-Iva employment of amcoveneated servants.
The Blunt of the covenented servants were undoubtedly
large; bet no one, ha remarked, ought to deed with this
question without trnsideriag the lateen difficulty of pet-
ting fit men to fill that week.. Lord Stanley eel fortb
various ground, which led him to form hopes that the
fineacial condition of India would improve by the diminution
of expenditnee u well as by an Impulse given to the revenue.
TIM military semeadenly of Engine!, be observed. bad been
completely etabline4; changes of policy bad been hero.
duced ; our power had been clonerintwel, and a large
portion of our teni•orits hal bees Po meetly se-
uiroi thet free had not been aft riled for the
development of the'r crowns. He then proceeded
to another breath of the subject, namely, the pre
sent state of the Indian debt, the amount of which was
74.600,000/ , of which the borne debt was 15,000,000/, ead
that relied in tulle 59,500000/. However great this dsbt
weigltteh.ppesyswe, yet. rotatively eadivet
hl3.rdtontohteir...c.t azatber.trevzmus
two retro' revenue. He dwelt upon the enlenunetat of the
,mooom, of India, which bad doubled in the Met twenty
years; upon the ext. onion of public work, sad railways, end
epos the returns Already yielded by some pub& weeks. He
then adverted to the subject of the tames of Mad la India,
with special reference to the oolosietion of the gentry
by European, end pointed oat the difficulty and danger of
meddling with the &Oren' modes of laud setiement. One
else of lends the ante bed the power to deal with nastmoklei
uneempied and unclaimed Linda, end It was
quite potaible, he thought, to open there leads to Ihreopene.
Upon this part of the subject be adverted to the raw le-
quitiea, reeinr which, he remarked, an error prevailed.
The owls objet of thew hemline wee not to. Improve the
renew or to destroy titles, bat to coefirm them ; to give to
landholdere what in this °gantry was termed a parfirnentery
title. la eneclueion, he ssked the Muse to authorise
I len to the govetaawat of ladle of 7,000,000/.

:r.:.

• In the course which the governethit looPidd ta tab they
would strictly follow the proordest of lest peer, and they
would propose to cola. the money either on warrants or de-
' Dentine aimed solely upon the keen menus (Chews)
Looking at the probablity of the restowition of piece, he
thought they had mem to hope that though the deficiency
might possibly continue for same time to come, it would not
be oromaarf to he row *Ober application for a similar
loan Is Ws esestry; end he might, wham t• permitted
here to reed as mined from a despatch which he-lhad sent
out to the Indies gpmenment on the 19th of ]set mouth
ttWelle the extraordinary crisis through which you bare
passed hag filly *tided the react to cif:se:dietary toes.
awes for ruling the requisite tends to meat the emergent
military espouse which had suddenly and one:petal, to
be incurred, at a time when the revenue was as suddenly
sod nee:pectedly dieein'sbed, I most impress upon your
government the great importance, on the resettlement of
India, of your agr&, se in times post, depending solely on
your local resources- for the ways and means required for the
conduct of the Indian government, both here cud in India.
Every effort should be made so to provide for the want, of
India that the leas for which her Mojesty's governmeet le
about to °blebs parlianicetery sanction may be the lest re.
spared to be raised here." He (the noble lord) had sow en-
deavoured to lay be the hoses his views—he well knew
how imperfectly, aced he also knew at what length. (Cheers.)
He had shown whet wee the mewl Onessiel state of India.
He had shows what were the prthdpal MUM of m
sad he lied torhel ea the bent that premed upon Wm st
the tier. He bad shown them what wee the
aisles bat ewe be itht wohevomed Le=
i
oats the mode la which that in& sight be developed area
ismemsel. .If he had eweeellad is emanying to the hoses
the imyremics which Wiled on hie own zoind, he shed)!
soy that the pretest state of Indian **he
were seek se would Endre great vigilence End great
edministrative talent ; tot he should say at the slew time
that they were not such is preened any awe for de-
spondency. He did not deny the present eintetramnients
of India, and he did act my that we had seen the end of
them ; but he MI my that they trees not greater than an
interval of pesos eat asod governmeat would restore.
(Hear, beer.) He he had succeeded to showing
that the primmest which hod been met upon the
resources of our ladies remense was in reality .a light one
when compared with what those resources might became
when they should be fully developed. (Bear, hear.) A
great deal lad already best done to open India to the mew
and enterprise of our eaustrymee. The distance between
England and its Beaters empire was leseening army year,
end the Interest which wee taw by this country la
Oriostel affairs woe every year on the Imam
All this and the combed supervision which the
house wield to dame exercise over the adobe
of India, weld do moth to ready existing abuses, end to
stimulate future imPlealllll. He believed that they would
themes epos the mW of every Englishmen serving to the
Beall the fast thee they were the repreemtutives of their
in a meow width they lied never before reedited;
sad he beLeved thalthat helin would call forth in thessom it
had serer yet been ceded forth, them great cheraster'stice of
our rem which had so ohm controlled fortune and com-
mended mom. (loud chews) The noble lord concluded
by moving, in order to avoid may doubt se to the regularity
of theirpeasedmp, thee theism.. would on the following day
MONO Donato a acenittee to balder of enabling the
liearetary of State and monad to raise mossy in this country
for the servire of Indio.

81r C. WOOD suggested that the debate be taken its the
omelltes.

Lord T: 'RUSSELL mid that It would be both beam.
eking end difticult to prooted with the dismission until the
boom was In pomades of the documents which had bell
alluded to. Ii might, however, be bettor to allow the bin to
be brought la basnorrow, sad to take the debate on the
sexed reading. Ifiear, bear.)
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER had no
doubt the disompsney which had been pointed out would be
ea•lly eecousted for when they went into the details of the
questkm. He quite agreed with the noble lord that the
here eight net to be coned upon to come to any sudden
deeleiret ures the facts which his noble friend had stated
with se nub somnreitenrion and lucidity. He should.
ebardorry pewee that the etommitll shouts be taken on
Friday.
It was then resolved that the house ebould go into coos.
mittee on Friday neat
rums AND HARBOURS.

Mr. PAllLl:movert for 11;; to brill iiis bill to ellooll.
rage and Imefrate the motion of piers and harbours in Greet
Betels art Inisaa. The hon. gentleman explained that
with seem atterettoos end improvements 'he meatus woe
enheiontieny identical with one he bad brought in lost

Lard LOVAINE said be did not intend to offer the bill
any objeCion; but he thought it right to any that the
commacret proposed to br'ng in a measure h would pro-
btibly answer the objects that the hom gentleman lad in

Ya'svo Tr given to bring in tee WI, •ad
The boars sdionramd st qoarter to 9.