The Express.
London, England, 1860-01-18 00:00:00

LONDON, WEDNESDAY. EVENING* ,lANIJARY 18, 1860.

T. MARTIN'S HALL-HAYDN',II
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ST. MARTIN'S-HALL arroyo SCHOOL.
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TIR. KAHN'S MAGNIFICENT ANATOMICAL
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IROYAL SURREY GARDENS..
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EIHMING AND BIRTHDAY PRESENTS.
11. ItODZIGUIL d•Plearilley. Invites Meatless so his
et MOWING Oink TRAVELLING an see grit
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LITEBATUILIS.
. • ,=.
—..—_
Nous 0/1 Nursing! what it is, and what it iii iiisi:
By FLOIIMItOL NIONTINO•Li. Louden : Elemilleal'
'Mk smell volume salleiently explains •ME
justifies the rare eminence the authoress ha acquired
' in the prestisal art of caring for the sick. Ad the
world knows the story of her noble and ealf-denyjng
efforts to save the British army in the East from the
ravages of its wont foe—curable disease, produced
by gross neglect. Her presence introduced order
and oomfatt into the bare walls, crowded floats, and
helplessly confused arrangement of the temporary
barracks at Scutari, misnamed hospitals. The
sufferers soon tame to bless her shadow as it fell upon
them in the noiseless passage through the crowded
wards, and lifter reading these "Notes " we cannot
wonder at it. Every page reveals a &Hate and
earnest Ratan devoting rare qualities of intellect
and heart le the practical study of that important
but neglerad rectal duty—the relieving of human
suffering. /rhea beau, ands, too much the suatom
to relegate this difficult and delicate task to children
and old team The returns of the last census
establish the carte= fast, that of the private nurses—
domestic sirrarts employed as nurses-4n the United
Kingdom, nearly one half are under twenty, while
of public or professional nurses about the same pro-
portion are ever sixty years of age. In other words
we staign *duty that pre-endasatly require, mattered,
*ftanght, tiplanoe, and lictrvltYto ti.trldf IN too
young or too old to do anything else. The evils re-
sultiag from this neglect are far more serious than I
we eantamely linagine, and than any, save those
who have attended to the matter, would believe.
The loss of life it entails may be seen in the high
rate of mortality amongst infants and young
children, as well as in the number of invalids whose
death is, after all, the result of accident—of some-
thing done which ought not to have been done, or
neglected which ought to have been done. The
amount of needless, or at least relievable suffering
occasioned by careless, and, above all, by ignorant
nursing, is an almost equally melancholy result of the
low position occupied by this prime curative art.
Mu* Nightingale has, from the outset of her career,
done her utmost to redeem the office of nurse frail;
this position, and make it what it ought to be—the
great handmaid of nature in carrying out the re-
-1 partitive proms of what we call disease. After having
through many years of self-denying labour taught
this lemon by. her example, she hasearned the
right of enforcing it by precept. These "Notes"
show bow amply she prepared herself for the work
of her life—what knowledge, judgment, and deter-
mination she brought to bear upon its efficient dis-
oharge—and, above all, what an earnest student
she has been in the school of experience, ever
striving to learn more and more, and to master not
only far her own use, but for that of others, its in-
valuable but neglected lessons. The mere range of
accurate and minute knowledge displayed is this
volume is surprising. The sctenoes, such as phy-
siology and chemistry, that throw any light on the
conditions of health, have been diligently studied, and
their hints turned to practical account. But mere
knowledge is not by any means the moat remarkable
feature in the book. The skill and judgment dis-
played in its application are far more striking. A
thousand people might know equally wall in theory
that pure air, genial warmth, perfect cleanliness,
absolute quiet, and a simple yet tempting diet, are
essential to the sick I but how few if placed in a
sick chamber, would exhibit equal sagacity in
detecting the best and simplest means of turning the
knowledge to practical mount. Miss Nightingale
pesserms this faculty, and with it one perhaps even
rarer still. Many who ire fertile enough in re-
sources, who can promptly devise fit expedients in an
.merge fly, have bat little power of arrangement, and
their immethodical skill is therefore oomparatively
' eseldi Mies Nightingaleja able cot only to *Mrs
the bestmeens for accomplishing many various results,
but to reduce these complicated details to system,
and to carry the system oat with a patient energy
which is one great test both of moral earnestness and
practical power. All this demands delicate sense as
well as sensibility, the quick eye, the fine ear, light
firm step and gentle hand that enable the watcher in
the silen tchamber tosse everything without observing,
to hearevery thio g without listening, and do every thing
without noise or apparent effort. There is yet another
qualification for the true nurse's office, which the
audio,* f these " Notes" has in the highest degree—
the ej apathetic insight which enable" her to place
h.rselt in the position of the sufferer, to think
and feel with him and for him, to anticipate his
wants, lessen by thoughtful care his numerous
anxieties, and multiply the sources of his few and
slender pleasures. These " Notes" are full of hints
with regard to the management of the sick man,
which only the truest sympathy of a fins and saga-
cious mind mild have dictated.
Miss Nightingale modestly entitles her little rules
"Notes," because as she tells us she did not intend
it as a rule of thought bylwhich nurses can teach
themselves to nurse, still lase as a manual to teach
nurses to nurse. They are meant simply as hints
to those who have personal charge of the health
of others. Almost every woman at one time or other
of her life has such a charge, and must therefore for
a longer or shorter period assume the duties of a
nurse. Every woman, therefore, ought to know
something about the work and how it may best be
done. This cannot be gained without giving express
attention to the subject. Miss Nightingale says,
" I do not pretend to teach her how to nurse j I ask
her to teach herself, and for this purpose I venture
to give her some hints." The hints are invaluable,
but no one manual can make an efficient nurse.
This requires not only personal effort, but
a certain natural spate& for the work. It may
be said, indeed, that nurses, like poets, an born,
not made. Bat though every woman cannot be
made a perfect nurse, all may learn a great deal that
will make them useful end efficient in the sick room.
There are certain general rules with regard to ven-
tilation, warmth, cleanliness, food, bed and bedding,
and bed linen, which all may follow, which
will contribute greatly to the ease and comfort
of the invalid and facilitate his recovery. On all
these points these "Notes" are full of valuable sugges-
tions of the most practical and sagacious kind. There
are chapters, too, on points less obvious that are per-
haps seldom thought of even by three familiar with
the duties of the sick-room. The chapter headed
" Variety," and another with the singular but signi-
ficant title of "Chattering Hopes and Advice'," are
full of hints and observation on matters which usually
escape notice, bet which the writer's keen and
reflective sympathy naturally fixes on as of the ut-
most importance. Take the following, for instance,
from the former chapter, that on Variety, which
points out the various ways of helping the sick to
vary their own thoughts :
Volumes are now written and spoken upon the effect of
the mind upon the body. Much of It is true. Bat I wish
• hide more was thought of the effect of the body on the
mint Yoe who beCeve yourselves overwhelmed with
emetics, but are able every day to walk up Begent-etreet, or
out in the country, to take your meals with others in other
rooms, &c., you little know bow much your anxieties ere
thereby lightened ; you little know how intensiffed they M-
eow to those who ems hare no change; how the very walla
of their sick rooms seem hung with their arm; hew the
ghosts of their troubles haunt their beds ; how impossible it
le for them to mospe from • pursuing thought without some
help from v.
A patient mast as mach move his leg whew It le fru&
lured es change hi. thoughts when no external hen from
variety la given him. This is, indeed, one the milk slllfirlF
togs of Mammas ; lust se the fixed posture is one of the main
sufferings of the brihenlimb.
It is an ever recurring weeder to see educated people, who
oral themselves nurse., acting thus. They vary their owe
objects, their own employmests many tigress day ; and
while anteing (:)somebed-ridden stifferer they kthinath there
staring at • dead wall, without any abeam of chisel to
enable him to vary his thought', sad it never eves mows
to them at least to moruhis bed, so that be ass look oat of
witionw. Nn, the bed II to be always left is the darkest.
dullest, remotest, part of the room.
littlish it is • very *moms error among the well to think
that "with • little more self-esatret" the sick Wee* if Lb./
°boost. " dismiss palatal tiaegh.." which . aggravate
tale disease," to. 'Believe me. filmed eny daps= was