The Express.
London, England, 1860-05-04 00:00:00

by a maiority of 249 against 4, in favour
Vale"profit of law Wonoeraluir the tariff of wools,

cottons, and other raw materials." I am obliged
.tiniiihestuilly to report the title of the bill from
,want of ability to describe clearly and accurately
the 'exact nature of a measure brought forward pro-
fs/wily for the mere purpose of giving the "re-
presentatives of the people " an opportunity of
ip some way or other mixed up with a legis-
Linton over which they have no oontroL
qiesidion debated was the policy of the commercial
treaty with Engislia, but that treaty was the act

oitiliiribnperor, and has by virtue of his constitu-
tion force of law witboulk any legislative sanction,
and he can, moreover, modify the tariffs at pleasure
. .

by his sole decree. Nevertheless, the protectionists
understood that on this occasion they had free
lissome to say their say, and they availed themselves
of the permission to the fullest extent. The general
tabor of the debate was altogether hostile, and no
listener unacquainted with the habitual humility
and pervading sense of their impotence which
prevails among the members of the Corps Legislatif,
would ever have supposed that so many speeches
about bankrupt trade, ruined shipping, closed
inatearies, and starving operatives, would have re-
sulted in the miserable minority of four votes against
theAloverament proposition. M. Baroche, the
President of the Council of State, replied to all
objections. He is an old lawyer of great ability ;
few men san speak better from a brief. He seldom
fails to find the beet arguments that his case will
admit of, and when he has a bad ease he speaks is
the voice of authority with so much assurance that
few care to contradict him. On the present occa-
sion he told the Chamber that whatever
might be their opinion of the commercial
treaty they could not help its being law,
and the lowering of the duties on raw materials
would at any rate mitigate its "fatal conse-
quences." He was not astonished at the emotion
which the treaty had provoked. Nothing short of
a deep coaviction and a firm resolve could have
achieved the conclusion of such a treaty. This
conviction existed in the mind of the Emperor and
in the minds of the negotiators, of whom he was
proud to say he was one, who had affixed their sig-
natures by his Majesty's command. It was the
Emperor's duty to think of the interest of con-
sumers, who conelituted the vast majority of the
country, but who did not talk so much or Kt loud
as the small minority which 'fancied that they had
opposite interests. tin spite, however, of M. Ba-
roche's solicitude for the consumer, he was fain tol
conciliate the protectionists by large promises,
which, if they are kept—and it is plain that the
Corps Legislatif does not think they will
be would go well nigh to reduce the
operation of the commercial treaty to
nothing. "It is important," he said, " clearly
to define the Emperor's commercial policy. That
Poliey is not, and neverients, s policy of free trade."
This declaration may probably oecsaion some little
earwigs in England. He subsequently quoted,
with approbation, a speech of M. Thiers in 1834,
in which that statesman laid it down that commer-
cial liberty should be "never unlimited, but
always progressive ; for every industry when adult
should cease to be protected." But the official
spokesman of Napoleon HI. in 1880 hastened to
add that he did not go so far in the way of free
trade as did the protectionist M. Thiers in 1834.
"The government," he said, "does not, now tell
you that as soon as a branch of industry has at-
tained its full growth it shall cease to be protected.
It maintains, on the contrary, the necessity of pro-
tection for almost everything." M. Baroche did
not, I am sorry to say, hold out the least
hope of the abandonment of the system of specific
duties, which commercial men in England seem to
think impracticable. He did not even allude to
the subject as one of difficulty in the point of view
in which it is regarded on your side of the Channel.
Some of the opposition speakers had complained
that the specific duties were to be settled by a sup-
plemental treaty, which would be drawn up after
the recommendations of an "international com-
mission," which, being composed of free-traders,
would naturally vote in a particular way. To this
M. Baroche replied that there would be no inter-
national commission. The negotiators on each
side would mato their inquiries, and would con-
sider the rates of specific duties, and with regard
to any article to which they could not agree the
highest ad ea/vain duty, namely 30 per cent.,
would be levied during the whole period to which
the treaty extended.
M. Emile 011ivier, speaking for himself and his
republican friends, said that they should vote with
the government. They regretted on principle that
such an important measure should have been taken
without the Corps Legislatif having a substantial
opportunity to exercise a jurisdiction regarding it ;
but, as they thought the measure good in itself, it
should have their support.
Mr. Cobden was in the gallery, attentively lis-
tening to the debate during the four days.
The Opinion Nationale has reason to think that
the new tariff will oome into operation by May 7.
The Opinion Nationak mentions a rumour that
Cardinal Antonelli's "suppleness, cunning, and
patience," have regained their old ascendancy over
the Pope, and that General Lamoriciere may very
possibly be dismissed at a short notice.
The members of the Paris bar were convoked
this morning to elect two members of council in
the place of M.M. Liouville and Bathmont, de-
ceased. An unpreoedentedly large number at-
tended. M. Emile 011ivier was at the head of the
poll, and M. Bertin the second, but neither of
them having obtained an " absolute " majority, the
election is postponed till Saturday.
The upward movement in the Rente made further
progress to-day, but the highest quotations were
not sustained. The price for account was at one
time 71fr. 40c., but just at the close of business
there was a rather sudden reaction, and the last
prices were 71fr. 30c. for cash, and 71fr. 25c. for
account, with a rise of 25c. and 15c. The panic in
Mobilier seems to be over ; the shares rose 7fr. 50c.
Railways are still comparatively dull. Eastern
and Southern rose sfr. each, and Western, 3fr. 750.;
but Orleans fell 10fr. ; Lyons, 31r. 75c. ; and
Northern, 2fr. 50c.

Tan Praline Las )[am.—The Tagus arrived st
Southampton yesterday will the Peninsular mad. Her
dates were Lisbon, April V. Oporto 28, and Vigo 29. She
bought 20 paariesers, aniannia whom were the Doke and
Duchess of Nortltiunberisad, Colonel Healy, and Captain
Robertson. Her cargo comisted of precious stones worth
4001., specie worth 2,3461., 629 half-chests of aaoges, 37
elephanta' teeth, 60 boxes of onions, 84 baskets and 29
boxes of potutoea, Rod 217 boxes of egg.. The Tagus ex-
perienced generally doe weather, with fresh northeasterly
winds, out and home. Oa the 26th and 26th ult., at
Lisbon, it blew a bard gale from the north-wart, ammo.
ponied with heavy rain. lx the Tagus were the usual
Portuguese squadron and two Dutch frigate.. One of the
latter was le *save for Java on the 28th ult.

ENCE.

(CH.
—et Juitioe, Kr.
Blackburn.)
Ai QUI= -ATEME. CLIIKs
W. N. FRIMANYLK, CLERK, AND 0. LOSHINOTOX, RAR-
RIIIITLAT-LAW, O. TER ARCHBIRHOP Of ca.:l=mm',

dal eneieffieei. ISOOLa COMAS', OXPOZD.
ZION occupied the coed the whole of pielierdsgs, itimi
it for resumption this morning. The angtomenli ataff
apes allowing cause against • rule obtaised by Mr. Cole-
ridge• on the 24th of November hut, on behalf of the
Worms* who are three junior fellows of All Souls, and
which called upon the Archbishop of Canterbury, as visitor
of the coffee, to show amuse why a writ of mandamus
should ash Issue, commanding his grace to hear and deter-
' mine oriels matters contained in a petition presented to
Bill is la eip.eitj of visitor by the three informants, and
which appssunea to the mode of electing fellow' of All
Souls.
Mr. M. Smith, Q.C. and Mr. Coleridge appeared for the
informants ; Mr. Sumner for the Archbishop ; and Mr.
Bovill, Q.C. Mr. Kenyon, D.C.L, and Mr. Granville
Sonmesels for the warden and fellows of All Souls.
These proesedings bed originated in • strong difference of
opiate which Ws prevailed Were= the three informente
and the warden and great body of the follows of All Souls
relative to the Interpretation to be put upon certain clause;
at the Bth ordiimece of the University Commissioners ap-
pended maw the act 17 and 18 Viet., esp. 81, and which
AcciE alma the principles and general rules of elec-
lkie 16 for the college. .
te ancient damnation of things—whilst is
mmta as mffigem of Oxford academical distinction ac-
' gated end pima by the test of public and 'logien: ex.
ems, IMO tile first principa • for a
fellowship—at All Souls, although candidate was
obliged to submit to en elimination of three days, u en-
joined by Archbishop Whitgefe yet that was by no means the
only scrutiny: temper, cons, general babes of life, re-
pis, atondoooduct, future promisees end present
mai sad all the various particulars expected to form the
ca'ro'b of a gentleman wen atefully inquired into and
medderedbefore a selection was made from &maga the can-
didates who preaented themselves. le this way it celeste ewe
the Society of All Souls was most agreeable sad attractive,
and the oollege a very plemant pima to live in. No par-
tieaar functions devolved upon the fellows ; who, on that
amount, or because of due regard being had totheir present
circumstances and future prospects, not unnaturally num-
bered amongst their body a large sprinkling of the aristo-
cracy and the wealthier families of the country that flocked
to the university. The fellows were not very learned, but,
am Mr. Coleridge remarked, they were always •
most "club-able" set. They cultivated the alm-
a" but no other branch of study was held
in much repute at All Souls. Things remained in this state
down to the paring of the Oxford University Reform Act
—the 17th and 18th Vie., cap. 81—when the commissioners,
anxious to promote the study of jurisprudence and modem
history in the university, and more especially in the Col-
lage of All Souls, issued an ordinance that for the future
at (Imams for fellowships at All Souls, "the intellectual
qualifications of the candidates should be tested in such
subjects recognised in the school of jurisprudent., and
modern history within the university as the erse-1
den and follows should determine; and the warden • and
fellows should elect that candidate (being otherwise dal
qualified by the statutes forthe time being) whm after rush
exatnination. should appear to them to be of the greatest,
merit and most fit to be • fellow et the college as • piece of '
religion and learning, with special reference to the subjects
recognised in the said wheel" That ordinatiee was pro-.
mulgated in April, 1857, and was accepted by All Souls :
College in the same year. Previousto the fellowship election
in November, 1857, which was the first electioe that took
place under the ordinance, • bye-law waa pawed by the
allege, whereby, amongst other things, certain persons
chosen from amongst the warden and fellows to he exami-
ners for the said fellowship election, were directed to report
to the college, before or at the time of elec-
tion, the names of those who should have en-
tirely satisfied them ; declaring alto who bad failed
to satisfy the prescribed steadier Thereupon the present
informants presented • petition to the columniation pray-
ing them to declare whether the examination contemplated
in the Bth clause of the ordinance was a competi.
tive examination or not, and whether therefore the position
of the candidates examined as to their order of merit
should be officially made known to the college, sad
also what other considerations were to be hold sufficient
to justify the electors to the fellowship in diweganl-
ing the order of merit ascertained by the examination.
In reply the commissioners stated that unquestionably the
examination intended was to be a competitive one. How-
ever, at the election which took place in November,
1867, it was deemed by the informants that the result of
the examination had been insufficiently arcertained, and
that the examination, such es it was, was disreganled in
the election; so they thereupon again appealed to the
commissioners, and requestedthem to give sited by a supple-
mentary ordinance to the interpretation of their original ordi-
nance ; namely, that the examination be a competitive one
and that it was incumbent upon every elector to inform
himself of the order of merit as disclosed by the examine-
rs
Lion, either by a peonal inspection of the papers, or by a
report from the examiners. In answer, while admitting
that the facia as disclosed on one side described a comes at
variance with the letter and spirit of the ordinance, the
commissioners referred the informants to the visitor,
who was invested with full authority to enforce
the proper interpretation of the ordinance. This 1
resulted in • college meeting being held on the
6th of April, 1858, at which the existing bye-laws I
were revised, and it was determined that, although the
examiners should make no formal report to the college with
respect to the merits displayed by the candidate in examin-
ation, yet no vote should be accepted
_unlessthe person '
tendering it should consider himself [round to have funned
his own opinion, either by the perinea of the papers, or to
have ascertained from the examiners or some-- fellow so
qualified to assure him the comparative merits of the
candidates ; and that the examiners should be hound
to answer questions proposed to them in the common room-
with respect to the papers. In November, 1858, another
fellowship election took place; but immediately previous
to the discussion by the college at • meeting (called in-
formal, but at which the warden sod all the fellows in
residence were present), held to review the merits of the
caudal:des, as displayed by the papers or otherwise, the
papers were, without the knowledge of the informants,
burnt, and according to a custom of the college instituted
lung before the passing of the ordinance, an obligation
of secrecy as to the proceedings which should take place
at the meeting was laid upon all the member; of the
college p-resent, including the informants. And as re-
seeded the election also the informants complain that the
result of the examination was disregarded from conaidene
tious improper and uueuthorised by the ordinance, and that
• breach of the ordinance was committed. Under ordinary
circumstances it would have been the duty of the informants
to have appealed to the visitor to rescind the election, but
it was impossible, inasmuch as, owing to the destruction
of the exanunation papers, and the obligation of secrecy
imposed epee them, they were not in a position to lay
before the visitor the particulars either of the examination
or the election proceedings. In that position of affairs, it
only remained for the informants to petition the visitor to
take the necessary steps whereby future fellowships' elec-
tions should be conducted and determined in conformity
with the construction of the ordinance by the commissioners,
and in effect they requested his grace--
1. To interpret the election ordinance so as to decide
how far social qualifications were admissible in the choice
of candidates.
2. To pronounce as improper and incompatible with a
bona fide execution of the ordinance—the introduction of
classics into the examination ; the prohibition to
the examiners to report formally in order of
merit • the burning or the papers of the can-
didate; before any formal discussion of the same
by the college, or before the election ; the virtual deter-
mination of the election at an informal meeting of the
members of the college ; the imposing of an obligation of
secrecy upon fellows previous to their admission to the
meeting.
S. To make a visitation of the renege with a view to
verify the statements of the petitioners, and to ascertain
the working of the ordinance concerning elections.
This petition the archbishop forwarded toile warden and
fellows, and requested them to send in an answer to the
statements it contained. In the course of time they did so,
end on the 25th of August, 1858, the archbishop's secretary
wrote to the appellants enclosing the answer, and informing
them that they were at liberty to make any reply to it
which they should deem *economy. Accordingly: on the
18th of September, Mr. Fremantle, acting for him-
self and the other petitioners, wrote to the
archbishop, informing his grace that it would be
almost impoonble to follow the arguments of the
warden and fellows in • written reply, and they there-
fore hoped his grace would allow the matter to be argued
before him by counsel. They had already prayed the
archbishop to inform himself, by means of • visitation, of
the accuracy of their statement, but whether that course
was followed or not the facts would be beat ,elicited by
the matter being argued before his
_grace. They likewise
declare that at the late election " mere good companion.
ship, and even more frivolous qualifications" out-
weighed intellectual and moral consideration. To
that communication the archbishop replied, "In
, regard to your desire that the sae should be beard
by counsel, I shall think it my duty to take advice
my own opinion is that there will be uo such necessity. I
could not countenance eo invidione a measure am
as inquisition into the character of former elections
and the respective merits of the candidate • neither would
it be practicable, the papers having been destroyed.°
In the expectation of bearing from the era-
' bishop that he was prepared to accede or reject
the proposal to hearing tlie -petitioners by counsel, they
emitted to send in any written reply to the answer of the
warden and fellows. However, on the 26th October, the
informants learned with surprise that, notwithstanding no
opportunity for reply had been allowed to them, the judg-
ment of the visitor had been forwarded to the warden
aud fellows. In his judgment his gram in effect stated
that the wanton and fellows had no authority to appoint
a committee of the electors to examine and report upon
the candidates in order of merit it, as to bind the
other electors by the report of the committee. He was
therefore not disposed to disallow the resolutions

• - i i G, MAY 4
.• 4 FROM '.t • I • INTELLIGENCE
• MOO, DAY.)
( • OW 008BISPOIMIXT. ‘S
BEN(
PARIS, TIIO6BDAT • R ••••
The Corps Legislatif, after an unusually Sittings in Benno.—(Before the Lord Chief
traded debate, extending over four days, voted • Juouce Cr"""t'n' and Kr.Jo tics Dim
• • A A • TWO QUIZ'S ON ISE INFOIWATIOW or A. G. WAI
- -