The Express.
London, England, 1866-02-15 00:00:00

NEW YORK, Fm. 3.
The amendment to the constitution basing repre-
sentation on population exclusive of all persons
deprived of the franchise by State laws on account
of race or colour has passed the Rouse of Repre-
sentatives by a large majority. How it will be
received by the country it is bard to say, but I do
not feel by any means sure that it will pass in the
States. There is very little interest manifested in
it out of doors, and those who pay most attention
to• it are opposed to it. I do not think it will
exercise any material influence on the settlement of
the Southern question. No Southern Stato will be
coerced by it into giving the negroes the vote, and
there is is my opinion no Southern State in which,
if the negroes were endowed with the franchise to-
morrow, they would dare to exercise it, except
under the protection of the United States troops.
I think the spectacle of their depositing their ballots
at an election would rouse their white neighbours
into fury, and lead to acts of violence in any
par,t of the South. So that I freely confess I
thiek the suffrage would be no boon to them,
but the refrerse, unless accompanied by a larger
measure of protection than the United States are
prepared to afford. Bat boon or no boon, the suf-
frage they are not likely to have. I am more and
more satisfied from all I hear that there will be no
radical change in Southern society, and the negroes
and the poor whites will never have a fair chance in
it, and it will never become thoroughly assimilated
to the North until it has become accustomed to the
rule of law. This is in reality the great want of
the South now as in times pant, and no genuine
and lasting reform is possible until it is supplied.
Southern society has always been, and would be
to-morrow if the United States troops were re-
moved, democratic in its most brutal and repul-
sive form. The majority there not only ruled,
but ruled directly, and by brute force, and
through the legislature and the ballot box. The
prevailing opinions of eacb locality were imposed
upon everybody by mobs. No man who ventured
to differ in opinion or mode of life from his neigh-
bours upon any point which they considered of im-
portance could hope for protection from the
courts for either his life, liberty, or property. He
was "notified" to leave the neighbourhood, and
was generally only too to
thankful obey the sum-
mons before it came accompanied by heavier penal-
ties in the shape of tar and feathers, or shooting.
Nor did the law afford any protection against
private animosity. Private injuries which did
not come under the category of offences against
property were almost always avenged by violence.
Slander, adultery, wilful trespass, were very apt to
be settled by a fray in which one or more persons fell.
And,in fact, the instances were, I think, rare In which
any cases which excited strong feeling went before
the courts. Any want of orthodoxy, either on
points of morals or politics, was almost invariably
punished, ea I have said, by summary expulsion,
so that the South was always able to boast of extra-
ordinary-freedom from "isms."
It is useless to expect that a community with
habits and traditions of this kind can be made to
obey acts of Congress which are directly opposed
to the popular sentiment, unless they are backed
up by armed force ; and, unpleasant as it may sound,
I feel bound to say that I do not believe we shall
see complete-peace and order, and healthy progress
at the South, until the acts of Congress and the pro-
visions of the constitution for the protection of life,
liberty, and property, are carried out by some power
higher and stronger than the local authority. The
whole community will have to become accustomed
to the idea of law as something stronger than
" committees of the citizens," or than the opinion
of any locality, as something under the protection
of which an individual can snap his fingers at his
neighbours as long as be does not molest them.
Until this has been done I see no hope of thorough
and complete protection for the negroes, no matter
what enactments Congress may pass for their
benefit. The real reliance of the coloured race at
this moment is the Freedmen's Bureau and the
United States garrisons, and if these were with-
drawn they would be at the mercy of the whites,
and made to feel that they were, though
they had two votes each. How long it will
take to change the Southern habit of mind, and to
change the Southern population from a democracy
a:ting through the knife and the pistol, to a demo-
cry acting through the ballot box, I do not
pretend to know. The present state of society is of
course the result of slavery, and the results of
slavery, of course, will wear out in time ; but I fear
the process will be greatly retarded by the presence of
the ex-slaves, and by the fact that their liberation was
brought about by the defeat of their masters The
radical party at the North, who claim the franchise
for the negro, and claim it rightly, I think, believe
its possessioa by him would settle everything. The
conservatives believe the self interest of the
planters will settle everything eventually. Both
combined will, doubtless, in the long run bring
Southern society to a civilised level ; but I
fear it will take longer than many people
imagine, although at the same time I fully
admit that it is difficult to underrate the
prodigious adaptability to circumstances white
is developed by the institutions of this country in
all classes of persons who live under them. The
planter may prove even more susceptible to the
influences of free society than he has been to those
of slave society, and the freedmen armed with the
ballot might acquire the courage t4:l use it with a
rapidity of which we have now little idea.
The report of the Revenue Commission is having
a most exhilarating effect on the public hind,nd
is producing a marked effect on prices, h a
ve a
been falling steadily for the past week in every-
thing except houses. The scarcity of dwelling
houses in all the cities of the Union is
now something which one might almost
I call frightful. None have been built for five years.
The high price of materials and the uncertainties of
the war, have deterred everybody from entering on
building enterprises which were not absolutely
necessary. A great fall might have come at any
moment by the return of peace, and the ordinary
interest on the sum invested in this way could then
never have been realised, either by re-sale or leas-
ing. It is calculated that there are in this city
three families to every dwelling. The let of May
is in New York the expiration of the tenant's year,
and the period from which ad houses are let and
most houses sold, and the struggle for them which
rages just now is almost painful to witness.
Rents were considered enormously high last tear
—so high as to drive large numbers into
boardiog-houses, end into the country districts.
But this year they bid fair to be more than double
what they were last year. There is not a
to be had at this moment in New York in any
decent
neighbourhood under 5001. a year rent ; 5,0001.
Is the Floe ased
k three small one, 20 feet wide
The
and
40 feet deep, with tolerable bed-rooms.

Yesterday a case which excited considerable in-
tenet, came on for hearing at the Leeds County Court
in
,
before his Honour, Mr. T. ilanhall, judge. It was one
which several members of the Leeds police force were sued
by a number of cslliers resident in the town for damask
for false implithemest, in the mouth al July last. The
defendants were J. W. Beano (gaoler at the Leeds Town-
hell), James Norteßife (detective officer), and four police-
constables. Each plaintiff °Limed I% ss. u damages from
the whole of the defendants, the total smouot of damages
thus 'ought to he recovered being 35 guineas. Mr.
Roberta, of Manchester, appeared for the plaintiffs ; the
officers being represented by Mr. Brwie, barrister, of
Leeds. Muth of the evidence was of a very conflicting
character, and the bearing of the cue occupied upwards of
five boars. In the month of July last yesr, seveval very ex-
tensive robberies took place from jewellers in Lemke and
Manchester, sod the police throughout the country were
put epos the Ailed, to =ease 1,0001., and is soother 5001.,
being offered as a reward for the detection
that and
moeth,
coos-
elation of the burglars. On the 14th of
the seven plaietiffe were taken into custody. With the
exemption of one of them all had watches in their posses-
sion, the total number being 21. All the plaintiffs ware
respectably dteased. From the fact optev i such • large
number of these valuable articles up them, and their
suspicious conduct on the occasion, the officers considered
themselves justified is detaining the plaintiffs. They were
ether in two
accordingly handcuffed and chained tog
seta. four being placed in ono gad and three tn the
other, and taken to the town-hall, where they were
locked up all night. On the following morning they were
brought before the Mayor (sr. J. D. Luccock),
and after-
ward/ discharged, on its being discovered that none of the
watches corresponded with those stolen, a list of which
bed been that. Four of the watches, however, appeared
to have been tampered with, and they were detained, bet
wen subsequently returned to the pleintiffa. -. Mr.
Roberts, In stetiog the ease, ecierphatted in isthmus
language of the mouser in which his clients bad ken d
apprehended and imprisoned, and emphatitially declare
that the officers ought to have obtained a w arrant for that
purpose. 'mitred of being imprisoued any ow of them
could have procured bail. After the witnesses on both
aides had been exsmited, Mr. Bruce addressed his Ho sour
on behalf of the defeednote, observing that the question
really was whether his clients had proper end reason-
able ground of suspicion for arresting the pleintiffs.
The circumstances, the learned counsel argued, were
he
in
themselves amply sufficient to justify the conduct of t
officers, and he asked with confidence for a verdict in their
favour.—Mr. Roberts, in reviewing the
se vidence, warmly
adverted to the iod.gnity and disgrace clients had beau
subject to, and said there was only one way in which his
Honour could redeem them from basely. After discre-
diting the consistency of the statemente made by the po-
ke, he expressed his belief that great good would result
from these actions. and deeared that the object be sought
to obtain was to make the administration of justice more
net.—His Honour intimated hie intention of reservisg his
lodgment until Monday next.

-
The Queen-street establisbutent in connection
with the above schools was yesterday evening filled with •
very motley neemblsge. The deserinieos ef the nil
association to which the path, al hawser el casual wards
are ezposed, had ionised Mr. Williannthe sinewy to the
Bloomsbury schools, with tho idea that they ealgN
be drawn away from them, and trought within the pile
of nli-ordered society through the wog of sasesie.
tins like his owe. Aceordinely he had little bills printed
and distributed throughout the instroyeline workhouses.
bidding the youthful " emus& " lie • geed supper ia
Great Queen-street. Everywhere the workhouse Akins
gave these warmest co-opentice, with oes solitary
exception,
lap. to be declined, when daseribieg
the proceedings, to partieularise. The malt was the pet-
sews el over a linedred boys. win at eight o'clock
assembled is the work-room to enjoy ea ineelleet sapper.
The type to which these pow boys beleaged las hiss nom
described. Bright eyes, heats ter redo but always hollow
cheeks, shock heads, shambling gait, mod imineribable
tame. They all hod coughs, or at leen enema heareense,
and were in the poorest possible eanditiga short of sheolute
weeks'''. The almost nearing* sewer to such con
lions as were asked was that they had anther father ear
mother. Is the day time they get their lines la the
streets " anyhow,* sad at night they tech char iniablad
rest " aeywheno." Some of them bad delicate sad
' melody* features. but the lioesineete of the
majority told of generatien of needy sad sap
liAL—They had, however, nethas eispeleive about
them either is counternes we maser, bob WM
quiet, oommunintive, hits:ions, The boys did Pease
to the bread and beef, in • grave sad busiaratike seeemer.
It was only when the plum-pudding, divided into peeled
sections, was pleased before them that they seemed really
to enjoy the feast, neenistdoes of the army of eighties's.
that would sit as their unhappy ens* Wines that hoar
sad monies.
It appears that the Landes moieties of boneless and
homeless street boys embers somewhere shoat 10,000, all
told, and that of that ansber a eery ociesidershle par-
entage noses up from the country, it being the firm faith
of destitatecisildree is the nun disibriels net if they
could only once reach tows their foreman will he
made. Lord Shaftesbury is menses& that with 10,0001.
• year the whole of the youthful street Arabs of Leaden
might be revision, mid might benne weal either
army, the navy, or is the general nasal el the isentry.
The female destitute children, it spine" give little nem
trouble. Is the country the girls de Dot vesture fat
from home, and in London the demand fee ammonia ear-
vents is so great that matrons of the venous female refuges
Grad it iniponble to comply with half the antis:nine
they mein.
In such a state of thiep the musics that took pine
last evening is Great Queoactreet deeenes the Peden she
notion of the prostiesily philmithrepie. Upwards WI s
hundred nor little tramps WON sanded by the pod sapper,
and bevies bees solemnly assured that it was not to
siousist of bend and greet. pthered round lord
Shaftesbury and fearlessly seswend the questions
which is • free sail Manly way were pat to
them by his lordship. " Were they fatherless sail soother-
less r " Yes,' is the great majority of eases. " Wend
they like to leave their present way of life, be fed mad
clothed, sad taught hosed ealliepr To lilts the newer
was perfect chorus of effirmatiosa " Had they ever hese
is niece " Tee." sense one, some two • few three timer
but always for begging. tearing the workhouse clothes, or
other minor sad act felonious offense. As to bow they
got their living, some swept oressiaos--• good many just
now, sad found it pay when they weld get brooms. Passe
" nit ihoeblegking," sad others "ma o' errands." Wises
they saran any mosey they booed supper sod look it to
the lodgieg-house, the rent of which absorbed the whole
balsam of their receipt'. As a matter of taste they pee.
fared black puddings for Nipper, but could do with broad
lied cheese. Gruel they all abbarred es the sepoys did the
greased cartridges. The sum of all the talormatiose
obtained by the question el Lord Ithaluatiore
sal the other whines wen, that they ware all
heartily sick and tired of their preseet way of life, sad
would gladly all go ea board • ship in the Thames to to
made sailors of, or aught else when they weelii be takes
one of sod taught a booed and certain way of Bring.
Mr. Banbury, M.P., made a few observations after lard
Shaftesbury had ooecluded his inamientea, Aid the party
broke up, each boy being provided by Mr. Williams with
• sate suMeiset to pay for a somfoitable night's lodging,
While the little " genets" were thus being entertained the
regular boys of the institution occupied another pa of She
room, end by their comfortable appearance sod drt
ocile dr
mesnour showed better than a tliousaod do's nation could
describe what might be done with very small mesas,
but zealous and benevolent exertion, is reclaiming
the street boys el Loodoe. There are Dow upwards
of a hundred boys is the St. Giles sad St. George Militia•
lion, prepense, adder the skillal leaning of Mr. Woods.
the master, for various situations both at home and la the
colonies, fifty-three were net out durieg the past year. sad
all were •doing well sad keeping up a Donnas cerreepos.
deuce with the ios'itatios. Unpupil who west out seine
few yeas eines to Africa his don oe well that he bag
purchased • piece of ground agar his owe house with
a view of erecting on it • " horn " for say boys the
institution might send out to him.
wasl

IlDid TN 02donneerrnitsT.—Last evening, shorn
8 o'clock, a fire broke out on the premises of Messrs. Laurie
and ?darner, coach Waders, in Oxford-street, betimes
Hanovercquare and New Bondretrest. The (limiter mem
to have originated in one of the workshopat the upper
part of the budding, but how it was caused is at present
unknown. A large number of engines were aeon in attend-
ewe, and the supply of water beteg good, the damage was
confined for the most part to the upper floors, but neverthe-
lees wee considerable. Although the fire was not enniely
exUnguished at 12 o'clock no further danger was appro. RAILWAY AND MEIN BILL[ II PARtJAMINT....
Mr. Yeses reinon.ll their
the Prince of Wales and the Doke of Sutherland, the latter sittings at Westmeath, with th• subjoined results:-
headed. Amospt the spectators were, we understood, Yesterday Mr.
_ Smith and F
affording, as is his woof on such occasions, a help* hand The following. „i 1 _ binertiranbefa roureetr..6Bl“"....libifilmg; coo.
to the tire brigade. standing orders •-term
tarot Carpe ration ; North British sod Ifelinbungli aud Bathe
DEATH. or A WM-KNOWN CHIMIST.—Tbe death
rite Railway Companies ; Peterborough, Wearemli sad
is molded of dr. William Thomas Bradt, D.C.L.,
we.F.R.S. &Moo Railway ; Gr. t Northern and Woders (of bylied)
the walrknown chemis.„ He was born is 1788, sad Railway ; Abort:are Lads • Steurieriddi Gas het Awed-
rooordgeoon of • phytacian who came f wen Hammer with meat ; Orme. ad 4..1 Lhatitat 0"
sad Water ;
Ilf., sad was that King's physician. After an Bream sod risadovery Amara Railway ; Harwich H
education at Westmiester la was sent to Hanover, but is hear n_,_ta
__., Londe ,_ _
___, ~, _
__
__,l , ter-
1803, on the panic of Roaaparte's Jamaica, he returoed cheeer''',7 """___f_utrfr,=,t."7,l7°
..r.,ogy
home and en'eeed St. George's Hospital, attending the and "web. I;a'rgetursaar7„
.•.Te7rala:V"ii ;,a‘..„..ke.dueec
lectures and the dissecting rooms, and comninecurting Reiloey i London liNty) Tgse Rednia,gon. There
several papers to A idWlsOle a Journal, notably one on wee __ _______ ______, ,_ „__ ~, _ ,
ineem which
terw ead before the Royal Society. lo ta.,...1,'"',..,==.7,_r1f___•12,17 _`:"racltY !YU!
1806 he axsatioed he cad
at the Hunterian Museum,
ii""-anc`-ttoo77Zasalt"Zily,leep=fisrter; Never) ism
and lectured on chemistry at Dr. Hooper% in Cork-areet. Groencre keilway ; Glasgow Union seed tletheibm Raab
Theo be became °crenated with the new medial school la way (all way
and TIDO seep/end /witless et the Ha-
Wiamill-atiset, end fairly embarked as a teacher sod low Railway and the North &AMY Railway ritheidgc,
demonstrator of chemistry. In 1609 he became F.R.S.. 1„. hraechtai www sajosuwd until this day Theridayi
received the Copley medal in 1813, end from 1813 so 1826 the London kity) Corporation Gas midi the 20th, sod tiii
was Dr. Wollasson's . succeseor as senior 'easter, to the Holy w
ere die. keenitoonedt sad the seeih bade.
society. In 1812 be became a Professor of Chemistry and Market were adjourned until the 21st feat. Tire othaeleer
Helena Medics to the Agerthecarieo' Company, and is 1851 declared the stadia, ord. rs boil net bees eumilied silk in
was elected blamer. la 1.813. on Six H. Davy's reoomenec- the opprsed prune., el the metroyehtee Ttarateate. Ides,.
&non, be was appointed Proforma of Chemistry at the ~,,„oiriainweria add Aide tact The cite„ed we".
'w-c-rth and Putney Gas, and the `sedate sad Waldo,' I),atagas
Royal lnetitutioe, and delivered lectures for many years In
conguaction with Mr. Faraday, who was alsoascociated with Waterworks were declared to have tamed
smod...„
.d.r..
him as editor of the Quarterly Jon."' of Scw'ma f" ninny Mr. Fare declared that the entailing orders bad been men-
peers. In 1825 he was appointed superintendent of the die plied with a the rams of the following usupareed pair
department of the Mist; in 1836 Fellow, and in 1846
tions :-Llywri Valley Roileray flitaisions,/c.i ; Lima,.
Eraissiner. of the London University. Besides Professor valley Railway sad Golsen Valley Railway Caraduras i
Union Gas ; Bury Gm : TrumitoWs 'll,44Cotaglacte sad Raze
Beande's famous " Maimed of Chemistry." which has been Benham and Avowals Railway , wonr
and wallowed
baoslated into many foreign languages, he was authaor_aof
" Outlines of Geologr" " piethuuhrl of Science sod '''"" tort Road ; Macclesfield and weliwirith Read g
ke. lo 1853 he remived the hammy Mitres of D.C.L. Battersea Moor Fad Road ; sod Edeelleld Raids ;
from Oxford Unieersly.
TEE LAYS MURDER Ix Idnirdn.—The inquest Brotoragtergnrotardond Dtßailds"nichi ; wTYstercerhwaceetil; BalmrasYratoveemPth I
upon the body of George Clarke, the unfortunate men who Bond of stogen ; Ahem". yeeed Board .1 mil:
was so foully murdered on the bark of the Royal Canal. yorry Ga. Hood CA, coniumi, Company :,_,
___.
Dublin, oo Friel., night last, was held on Tuesday, at the yonithia giant,. ; gioddsion Hoopttidtr7L' ihsn,sea'''":
Mater Miarricordise Hospital, Ity Mr. White, city coroner. maibt Despatch Ompany. No appelianee was entered ea
A number ot witnesses were examined, sad from the eel- the noopposed masa of the Reese. and Melting' Tydfil
been addueed it was pretty deer that the demised had Junction Rai way (Copitall,tind the S. Bride's Bay Rail-
been It to the Pam for the purpoes of being mute way. The Caledonian Railway (Klhryth Breathe.) sad the
dared. It appeared that be informed Actiot-IleePeetor North British Railway (Wahaw, he. Braersbevi wore *dr
Chffoed, of the detective forme, on aturday ever:Wig, that jounced until this day (Thursdaykiyand the &proem Gas
the
three men in whose company be was wises shot water and the Duo" ond iderthr dTd
.1 ese,„ Railway
menthers of the Fithian brotherhood, sod there is very (Amelpmeticro) petitions were posteated natal the fist
little doubt that the decemed himself was one also. The assent. n• smudgier deckled that the 'Undies ceders
Jury retwnad an open verdict, adding that Kareaogh, boa not hos, candied erith ia ths
apposed
was
et the
Lawlor and tbre tees nicknamed 'The Doctor," were Birkeaboad sed firesrpool Jecedoe Railway and Heeds
pueeset'thea sad therm and in the Laadsat_ Chatbata, awl Dover, end Nen*
ANDLITION Or. SLLYNNY IN ANIIINICA.—A. public Easters (Betrathey, Farnborough, sad West Wickham)
mating will be held at Exeter-hall tine taming. As Railways.
indeential lest of members ol parlisment, clergyman, and BiLOSAYLt VICILIIIIII WErTIICILtriIi.—A tradeealan
gestlemen is senennad to speak at the meeting, the with about we wera taw?
sesasesing
about
priww.ewl
who
primary object 01 which itto nom
which lb° ad°,._ati,ma has two ships-eas at the seat of Leaden tea (sash, am all
of the coontattiti•nsi smieument plr slavery '`" the West-sad for credit-hdoeseed es that heard' a pram
ever prohibised la the Ueda State.. Mr. Chamberlitia two a cameos fietessa.tersety
per
me,
=tr.
prefi a kg
Soak is aanommed as chairman. animas baked to a is months' asiment. That is fifty
air amt, pee annum ter arida. MA it should be mareme
IIIttiOrOLITAN Fans Scurrem., DlVOltadian-
ecloulthr ernr---The Werth soother al Pettiest' lama bend that this is as impositica is the part of the Inas.•
daring the week eliding Fem 10 one-Medial. 892; surging, moo. Be It tamed to pretest um"( attains, that lame
NS t traish 1,412 ; a whisk 617 were ooMmeenu else' to wham peistiple alb mayment is estagaisi ie. la
Oolaseamtler GeOrge F. Cottant, R.N.', has been feet, ais Mbar walks, the inseam suffer for the scaly.-
appointed • navel mail amok en the Southampton statues. The Omar. .
.