The Express.
London, England, 1866-05-02 00:00:00

'OHN BROGDKN'S VALUATION of GOLD.

Xi--
14 carats It., ls 13carats..L3 3 S 9 rants.. Al 11 10
worth _34 4 119 17 carats.. 3 0 1 8 carats .. 1 8 89
per ounce. 16 ousts.. 116 79 7 carats - 1 4 9
13 earths.. 4 1 6 15 carats.. 113 1 6 carats .. 1 1 19
22 carats (British 14 carats.. 1 9 09 5 carats .. 017 3
standard)3 17 109 13 carats.. 1 6 0 4 carats .. 014 1
21 carats.. 314 4 12calsta.. 1 2 69 3 carats .. 010 79
10 costa .. sir OF inolic: -2 is tr. 2 aintr:. --• :tA-:.
19 carats.. 3, 9 . . I . 0 S 5
Manufactory,ll , tendon, W.O
Tr 113 R IvlM--Zelt:2l3ll, iii ilaii3L4f
J. Clear, Thick, and Invalid TlTltlagr Illetownik wady.
BT. LULE6II-11AWM.LL. /MINT DLLY.
DONALD, Pr09r1494
TO VirifiT-K04.1.....D Futtita Linn! Vatialtc,
TON, -WS' Pleswilly. liiike Saloon
Dining-rooment4hi 2914 lecaniss. anheztiption rooms are new
open. T twelve 2.1 lls. 62.; di months, itl Is.—
Apply to D. , 10. IA selseeL

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ROOM far , we wait for you M
" EVANS'," prier =et imam Opera and the Theatres.

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—The BohnAce .—Mieter E. Baadem—CLOUD AND GUI-
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A LA MODIL

RIOILWATIS AT LONDON-BRIDGE
Tau DAY —Morning, 3h. I 1 Afternoon. Rh. 44/1.
TO-310/110W.--Yerni4. 4111. Om Aft4lllool4 eh. Ms.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY. MAY Si.

Tus oosurrence et Bristol on the 23rd ult. of a
case of cholera, which is pronounced on authority
to be of the true Asiatic type, and which killed its
victim in eighteen hours, will give additional in-
terest to such official publications as tell from time
to time of the state of the public health all over

the country.
We have before us the report of the Registrar-
General on the vital statistics of England for the
three months ended March 31, the winter quarter,

as it is technically called. To generalise rapidly
the leimling characteristics of the return, we should
say that the mean temperature and rainfall of
the quarter were above the average ; the birth
rate was high ; the fluctuations of the meteorolo-
gical elements were unfavourable to health ; the
price of wheat continued to rise, while
beef and mutton showed no appreciable sign
of a failure of the supply, as their prices
were not above the average ; pauperism, both in
and out door, declined as compared with the
two last winter quarters. The marriage returns
refer to the three months ending December 31,

and, if prosperity is indicated by the disposition
to marry in increased numbers, then may we re-
joice at the proof of the well-being of our people,
which is shown by a marriage rate unprecedentedly
high all over the country.
The births in the quarter were 196,737, and
the deaths 138,233, so the natural increase of
the population was 650 per diem ; but this does
not represent the actual rate at which our
numbers were augmented, as migratory ten-
dencies disturb the estimate. We have no ao-
count of those who join our ranks, but of those
who leave us we take pretty accurate measure.
39,672 emigrants sailed from ports of the United
Kingdom, at which there are specially appointed
registering officers ; more than 80 per cent. (33,000)
of the whole outgoing went to aid the United States
in peopling the vast territories of the new world,
and of these no less than 58 per cent. were natives
of Ireland seeking a Canaan on the other side of
the Atlantic. The Irish emigrants to all parts were
21,000, or double the number of those of English
origin (11,000) ; but whether Saxon or Colt we know
that they will carry with them that love of freedom
which, gathering force as it spreads, will one day
make all men free.
It is most satisfactory to find that the depression
caused by the cotton famine is disappearing, and
that the working men of Lancashire, Cheshire, and
the north generally, are "marrying and giving in
marriage" to a degree which indicates a return of
brighter days. The Christmas quarter is always
most prolific in weddings, but the marriage rate
of that quarter in the last year has no parallel
during a period of ten corresponding seasons pre-
ceding.
The prices of provisions exercise no inconsidcr-

able influence on the health of the people, and
the Registrar-General tells us as much on this score

as can be gleaned from trustworthy authority. The
average price of wheat was 455. Gd. per qr. against
38s. 4d. for the same season of last year. Taking
the four last quarterly periods the prices show a
gradual rise from 40s. 6d., 435. 3d., 445. 10d.,
to 455. 6d. Beef of the beat quality ave-
raged 6.N. per lb. at Leadenhall and Newgato
markets, by the carcase, and has not varied per-
ceptibly for the last 18 months. Mutton of the
best quality averaged 7N. per lb.—a price which is
absolutely less than the average for the three pre-
ceding quarters.
The average number of paupers relieved on the
last day of each week in the quarter was 139,546
in-door, and 759,402 out-door ; a considerable de-
crease as compared with the corresponding season
in 1865.

It is a striking fact, and one which sooner or
later will imperatively be forced on our considera-
tion in a comprehensive form, that the excess of
mortality in the past quarter was contri-
buted entirely by the large towns. From
this, however, we must except London, where
the mortality rate was lower than in 1865. But
taking the districts comprising the chief towns, the
annual death-rate was 29.7 per 1,000, while in the
country districts the rate was 22.5 ; in the towns
the current rate was 3 per 1,000 above the average,
but in the country it was a trifle below. The
death-rate was exceedingly high in the north-
western counties and in Yorkshire, so the Re-
gistrar-General concludes that "in the large and
always unhealthy manufacturing towns in those
parts the people suffered more than they did in
others from conditions and sudden changes
of the atmosphere which were not con-
fined to them. The weather, no doubt,
caused part of the excessive mortality ; but the
destructive causes at work wherever men live in
overcrowded, badly drained, unventilated dwellings
—if such a designation is applicable—are only
invigorated by, without being chargeable to, the
influence of season.
Much has recently been written about the inevit-
able sacrifice of life in our large centres of indus-
trial and commercial activity, and it has been
stated, with truth, that we cannot hope even to
realise Z rate of 17 or 18 per 1,000 in towns, how-
ever well provided for in a sanitary point of

view they may become.
evident we must hope for
easily obtainable than the ideal
protest against the notion that
per 1,000 are to be acquiesced 1.
Hear what the Registrar-General
" ".^ ."..41LmartagrarA

filmottlia9PlVaild !""kal.aarte=rt thdlicts,r'". mortality o quarter in the
be eye, travelling trona the lighter math to the darker
north would be instantly drawn ton spot of portentesse
darkness on the Mersey ; and the question would be asked
whether cholera, the black death, or other plague,
imported with bales of mseshandise, bad been
lately introduced into its busy and populous sea-
port. HappOy this has not been the case ; but fever,
probe* developed or aided by the mild and damp atmos-
phere of the season, and by overcrowding in an increasing
population, has been busy end fatal in Liverpool, and in
other towns of the same county, and of Yorkshire. The
annual mortality of the borough of Liverpool in the three
months was excessive, and demands immediate and mused
am/Adoration '• it rose to 4.593 per cent. This implieb
that if this death-rate were maintained for a year, forty-
six pernms out of a thousand in the population would die
in that time, or ifteen more than died in Glasgow,
its port im rival, and nineteen more than in LAMAS&
The mortality of the city of Manchester, though far less
than that of Liverpool, was higher than in any other of
the thirteen selected towns of the United Kingdoms, It was
37.42 per 1,000, and that of Leeds was hardly less.
- -

The mortality in the borough of Liverpool has
on two occasions during the past quarter been at a
rate unexampled in modem time*, of 57 deaths an-
nually to every 1,000 inhabitants.

time revealed the tint work -
in Jamaica bad been engaged, and the spirit in which they
hod performed it. Oar contemporary had taken his side
before it was possiblafer him to know what justice sad
humanity required under the circumstances, and when
light at length came he did his best to shut it out. We re-
call this fact in no spirit of detraction, but we owe it to our-
selves and to those few of our contemporaries who braved a
temporary unpopularity for a cause which they and we
believed to be just end true to mention these things. The
mesa/ now Mantilla' itself with the humans end upright
sentiment which is always st the bottom of the heart of
England, even when it is most abused by misinformation,
and cur contemporary does well ; but we claim the merit of
having, with means and facilities far inferior to those of
the Times, forced the facts into light, and of having done
so when to stand up for the truth was to challenge con-
tumely and become obnosioas to that most odious of
shams, want of patriotism.

TOPICS.

The Times remarks that the cholera has not been tra-
velling in one fixed course, but has been " going about" like
scarlet fever or small pox in our country villages, not pro-
ducing anywhere any alarming mortality, but acting
rather like the epidemics of ordinary seasons. The three
examples we have had of late of the cholera de-
veloping itself at sea justify a consolatory inference.
In no ease was the disease communicated to the population
of the country into which it was thus imported. The
cholera patients were landed and treated both at the Cape
sad in America without the least harm to the inhabitants.
The epidemic did not break out either In min our colony or
fn New York, though far less cause in former times would
have been thought sufficient to erste it. It is plain,
therefore, that we may have not only a single ems et the
disorder, as at Bristed, or a dozen cams, as at Southampton,
but an actual importation of a plague stricken cargo with-
out any extension or establishment of the disease.
The Port says the arguments advanoed last night by
Lord Malmesbury in support of the existing system of
public execution were easily refuted by the Bishop of
Oxford. It would be difficult, except en those purely
sentimental grounds with which it is impossible to grapple,
to contend that the notoriously demoralising effects. of
public executions are counterbalanced by any benefit which
it is possible to appreciate. The classification of murders
into two kinds is, however, open to some of those objec-
tions which were taken by Lord Redesdale, and it is not
improbable that the provisions of the bill in this ramps=
may at a later stage be considerably modified. The same
remark applies to the sections framed with the view of
checking infanticide.
The Fenian, seem to the Times to be in desperate straits
for a policy. The vary success of the delusion renders it
necessary that something should be done, while at the
Wile time it is impossible to find anything to do. The
only reality about Fenisaism amidst@ in the number of its
subscribing members, and these members will not go =OO-
- unless the cause is kept alive by some overt action.
One faction was wise enough to renounce as impracticable
an expedition to Ireland, but it could only do so on con-
dition of promising an expedition against Canada. This
is the policy which we now see expressed in its ultimate
shape in the agitation along the New Brunswick frontier.
Within the last six months tho Fenians have successively
learnt that they can do nothing in Ireland, that they
cannot invade Ireland from America, that they can make
no kind of impression upon Canada, and that they have
no sympathy to expect from the United States. They
will presently discover that they are equally helpless even
in the fragment of an expedition to which after all their
boasts they have been fain to betake themselves, and the
result ought to bring the whole device to a speedy and
suitable end.

The information of the Post as to what Lord Palmerston
would have done in the matter of reform differs from that
so mysteriously given by the hon. member for South Ramp•
shire in yesterday's Times. We believe, says the Post,
that Mr. Dutton is under a wrung impression ; that, on
the contrary, Lord Palmerston was prepared to introduce a
Reform Bill, but with this difference—that he intended
to have advised with the conservative party at to his
course of action, instead of taking counsel with Mr.
Bright.

Vitt Court.

OSBORNE, MAT 1.

The Queen went out in the grounds yesterday
morning, accompanied by the Princess Helens and Prince
Arthur, and drove out in the afternoon, attended by Lady
Churchill and the Hon. Emily Cathcart.
Prince Arthur, attended by Major Elphinetone, visited
the Royal Victoria Hospital, at Netley, yesterday.
Today is the birthday of Prince Arthur.
Lady Frances Railre and the Rev. William Jolley left
Osborne yesterday.

The Prince and Princess of Wales, attended by Fir-
countess Walden and Major Teesdale, went to Her
Majesty's Theatre yesterday evening•
Major Teesdale bas succeeded Major Grey as equerry in
waiting to the Prince of Wales.
Despatches were sent from the Colonial-office, yesterday,
to the Governors of the West India Islands, Vancouver's
Island, and British Columbia.

silly l° .421 V mogno44ooaos p 1 -
14 it bathe the Emptier, and I aln charpd traCcithe
following einnevatirms, through you, to the government of
the King of Pandas: The Biaparer Francis Joeriph boawel-
corned with teal ediefsetion the news that Premis has
accepted the proposal for • siaudteneous disarinament of
the two powers. His Majesty had expected ea much from
the conciliatory feelings of King William. The Emperor
is new perfectly ready to order that the troops which had
been sent to Bohemia, to reinter*, tbs garrisons should be
' withdrawn to the interior of the empire, and thus put
an end to any appearance of a concentration against
Preemie. We are, however, at present in a situa-
tion which obliges us to reinforce our mesas of defence
in another direction, and we think neoemary to obtain the
assurance that tide circumstance will not prevent thePrus-
Bien government from responding to the removal of the
Austrian troops from the frontier of Bohemia, by the re-
duction df the Prussian mobilised corps. In feet, the
latest news from Italy proves evidently that the army of
Victor Emmanuel is preparing to premed to an attack
spied Venetia ; Austria is, therefore, forced to
place her Italian army on a war footing by re-
calling the men on leave of absence, and by providing suf-
ficient protection, not only fee her frontier on the Po, but
also for her extensive era border, which measures could not
be effected without considerable movements of troops in
the interior of the monarchy. We think neemeary to ae•
quaint the King of Prussia's cabinet of this intention, in
order not to be exposed to Ulm inberpretationis which
might arise from the circumstance that, while corm-
tennandieg the movements in Beheads, we are
Tasking Wintery preparations in other parte of the
monarchy. I therefore invite you to explain to the
Premien I government that those preparations are only
made iis View of the eventuality of a conflict with the
Waist* and that we shall commence immediately the
execution of the proposal for a reciprocal disarming as
open as we are remered that•theaing's government will
not permit the measures we adroonmelledte adopt to repel
the attack of erre of our neighbours in the south,
to exercise an influence on there-establishment of the
more( state of the relations between Austria and Prussia
I roped yob to express those views to the president of
the cabinet without delay, and to communicate to me his
reply. In ease the eourt of Preside, ahould make its dis-
armament depend on the supposition that the German
Federal States would make no other military preparations,
Iwill Observistoputhat to ourknowledp no effectivearma-
s meets have beenmade in those sates, and that the feelings
of the respective governments offer beforehand a complete
guarantee for the continuance of the state of peace from
the moment thartAndria and Prussia realise the pacific
declarations they have exeirimged. Lastly, I must ob-
serve to you that it depends entirely on Prussia to allay
completely-the fears which the
.governments of Germany
may hive conceived, by giving assurances for the mainte-
name of the federal peace as positive as those we gave on
the 21st to our confederates. You are authorised to leave
• cop 7 of the present with Count de Moment. Receive,
kc., De lixterronee.
A communication from Perth in the Augsburg
Gazette says :
The greatest energy and activity are displayed in hasten-
ing the armaments against Italy. All the corps, which
are recruited from Hungary, have called in the men on
leave, whether belonging to the infantry, cavalry, or
artillery. Equipments and munitions of all kinds are
being despatched in such haste that the Southern
Railway is scarcely able to meet the demands upon
it. All the naval force on leave--officen, cadets,
and men have been called in and sent partly to
Pole. The cell has extended to the oldest
classes, so that many fathers of families have been
obliged to depart. The government has made a contract
with the firm of Blum and Brachfeld for the supply of
20,000 horses, at tho rate of 120 florins each for the Il3ht
cavalry, 150 for the artillery, and 180 for the heavy
cavalry, to be delivered within 30 days. The first delive-
ries have been so rapid that the regiments are at a loss to
employ the horses. Temporary sheds are to be erected for
the purpose of stabling them. The same firm, with the
permission of the Austrian government, made a contract
with the Bavarian government for the supply of 6,030
horses, which has already been completed.
A correspondence from Leipsic in the Berlin
papers states that the Saxon government is also
buying horses for cavalry and artillery on a large
scale. Considerable supplies are stored at Anna-
berg, Schwartzenberg, Schlittan, and other places.
This indicates that the Saxon troops in the event
of a war would unite with an Austrian corps, ap-
pointed to occupy the towns on the northern side
of the Bohemian mountains.
The Movitnento of Genoa, of the 28th, says :
Preparations for war are going forward on a large scale.
The arsenal, powder manufactories, and military establish-
ments, both public and private, have received large orders,
and all, with the greatest zeal, are answering the call made
upon them. A correspondent from Naples says that equal
energy is displayed there, and the writer adds that he saw
with his own eyes a letter from General La Marmon to a
Neapolitan nobleman, in which he says, " Get ready to be
my aide-de-camp."

(REUTER.S TELEGRAMS.)
AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA.

VIENNA, MAT 1, Evrtmc.

The Archduke Heinrich will, it is announced,
shortly proceed to Verona to take the command of
the division of the army in Venetia. Prince
Alexander of Hesse will also receive a command.
The journals of this city continue to publish intel-
ligence of Italian armaments.
The Presse asserts that in the Prussian despatch
summoning Saxony to disarm, Count Bismarck de-
mands explanations respecting the Saxon arma-
ments, and threaten to take measures against
I Saxony in case she should return an unsatisfactory
reply, or refuse to disarm.
The inhabitants of the fortified towns in Bo-
hemia received notice some time back to lay
in provisions for a considerable period, in conse-
(pence of the imminence of war.

It is stated that the Prussian reply delivered
here yesterday to the Austrian note of the 28th
ult. declares the Austrian proposals for disarma-
ment to be completely nullified by the military
measures she has taken against Italy.
The Vorstadt Zeitung says that Austria addressed
a second note to Prussia on the 26th ult., in which
she repeated her proposal that the Duke of Angus-
tenburg having the best title to the Schleswig-
Holstein throne should be installed duke of those
11 Duchies.

It is rumoured that a courier has arrived with
an autograph letter from the Emperor Napoleon
to the Emperor of Austria.
According to the Fremdenblatt, the intention of
holding a universal exhibition in this city has been
relinquished an account of the threatening appear-
ance of public affairs.
The Vienna Chamber of Commerce purposes
sending a deputation to the Emperor to beg him
shortly to convoke the Reichsrath.

MAI 2.
Prussian
iy, which
that the
preparation
- !Tr, k_the
The ties-
patch further states that the Saxon Minister of the
Interior is preparing the division of the electoral
districts for the return of deputies to the German
waif:ant.

RESS, WEDNESDAY. • -
lat MAY 2, 18
For the prose •b •
•
.. GENCE. *‘1441 •` " • °NY, •
—• • •
the N•TO • Wm • - I
something m • • to the
•
The pn r • N:tn e ), QUESTIO mit Saxon
'
ideal Man. • I per,a,tei, ' to • ••• • • ..
hat rates 16 , • • 110 • of the deeps .lains
oed in as ere to t• • 'Eyre • those wh "served • , 7.."' A 1 • Austrian gowernmen , ► queen—on were made in pr
eneral says of these truly It will be remembered that the 2'istee srhi • P- Count Karolyi, its ambatsador at Berlin. for the of Saxony being called ttioqi
'Maim" --1111.14 4441.9.91 Bei" alUsn".ll" for -• we !averment:awn lb/ PrinbareibinS6
..4A. time revealed the kind of work in which our countrymen zooty to our ppeppappipoion pit 5418th. 111Lederal*A.
haThetrihartostaltilalithat eriZgaion
Minis
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