The Express.
London, England, 1856-05-20 00:00:00

(Stamped ld. Additional.) [TWOPENCE.

way • mere question of one or two days, it war not jui..t or
equiteb:e to offer any difficulty to the payment of the wont'
motion ; &ad they trust that tinder these ci:eurnatecces the
Loess will awl:aria« Vans to c rry iota ed. ct the spirit of
the ;relay, and ad• ass the second million to ciefray the
eapecose of the fi.relinien arm), which cap r at. have too i-
(tenthly exceeded in point of fact the emOshi of the pay-
ments made to the Sardinian Bagful:per. 1 hie is as
obligation which regard (Jr the goo t fano of raj• country
requires us to discharge, especially alter the gallant maawer
in which the Sardiciau troops have performed teeth duty.
(Hear, hear) I will now pitmeed to state the eetintested
expthditure for he yenr 1856-57:—Tie c'.atgo tor the
knitted debt is 27,63.5 0001 ; th uutunded debt, 1.026,0001.
The permanent charges on the cone...line fume are
1,760,0001 The r.duced •stimate f..r the army is 20 747 0001 ;
for toe navy, 16,668,000/. ; for the civil service, 6,81ke,0001 ;
the three last items making a total for what is cuilect the
supply service of 44,115 lOW. I will now state the charge
or collecting the , in order to obviate any ob-
jection which my bun. friend toe member for Lambeth may
raise. The charge for collecting • lar revenue is 4,688 0001.
Leaving this out of the question, the ana.euith of
expenditure to be provided for, including the one
million for the loth to Seediour, is 75,625,0001.
Teat sum will e ever the entire est m ,teed savioe ti r the
coming year; bur, as may easily be cost:amid, it is degicult,
if not inspouibie to make a correct eetimete of the coat this
will be incurred in thenstorting our *may trim the Bast,
and defraying various demands which rosy arise in the
change from a stair of war to a state of pe ice. 1 shall
therefore be prepared at • later period of the se-sins to make
application—not because I ha.. any reason to suckle-
pate that the its.i.aate will be eicet.:td, but
simply as a measure of precaution—to the booth
to pass a vote of credit to the ex•eot of 2,000,0001.
That will make a total estimated espenditure, including
the two millions as a contingency, of 77.626,0001. 1 will
now state the estimated mama for the correct year, anti
it will not be neoneary for me to troube the amicht,e• la
detail with the telemeters of all the duff breeches of
tuation. I will confine myself simply to those tames of
which the rates have been attired dorieg the wet., thou
beisg, I apprehend, the taxes to which the priLcipel attic-
ties of the committee will be direetld. I will bests with
the income tax. The incense tax is contisiord for Ibis year
and for another year. et Oh," and laughter) It is conti-
nued for the present year during the existieg law, and I.
dealing with the revenue I propose to confine my seefentlrely
te the year ending 14 of April neat. The income tax is
coatinued till that time at le. 4d. in the pound. The pre-
cise w girds of the act are, " Daring the present year and
until the 6th day of April which shall first happen, if.; the
expiration of one year tram the ratification of the treaty of
peace, end no longer." I therefore estimate fn m the in-
come tax for the ensuing year a gross sum of 16 356 0001,
and a net sum of 16,000,0001. I sell now peas
to the war duties on tea, auger, and e -ffee.
Those dotits stand on a different footing from the
income tax. They were to condone till the 6th of
April twelve months from the dote of the <latently'
treaty of cues. The date of the definitive treaty of peace
was the 30;h of Mare's, and thi ralote Mom duties will c m•
times for one year from the 30th of ii.rah lest, and until the
(*Woolen 6th of April, that is to asy for soothe r year. The
date of the treaty of peace mkt/ the duration of thou
duties es short aa it is posvible. The duty on has, which
will venation* under that set tall the sth April next, is 18.9 t.
per lb. ; under the present law the duty will be, from April,
1867, te April, 1858. le. 3d. per lb.; and after April,
1868, it will be fined at le. per lb. With regard
to sugar the regulations are somewhat different.
Common brown 'hlustovado is euldect to a duty
of 13e. 9d. per owl. till April, 1857, then the duty
till April, 1868, is lls 81., and Ater that period it Ii 9.. 6d.
Coffee iv subject to a duty of 46. per lb. until the let of
April, 1867, and 3d. per lb. afterwards. Now, with refer.
elate to the continuance of thus duties at their repent
amount during this year, I will take the liberty of calling
the attention of the committee to a state meet which appears
to me satiefactory.botb in a &eel point of view and also as re-
gards the habits of the pop dation of this country. In 1836
the quantity of tea token for home consumption was
36,674,0001 be. In 1845 the quantity hat: et es—perhaps
it will be *efficient if I reed the millions—it had
rises to 44,000,0001 be.; in 1852, to 64.000,0001 U.;
in 1863 to 6.8,000,000 lb. ; in 1864 to 61,000,000th5. ; and
in 1966 to 63,000,000 lbs. (Hear, hear.) Therefore the ems-
mitts, will observe that, notwithstanding the increase of
duty in the lilt year, and uotwithstanding the venous eir-
cuinatances which might have led to a diminished consump-
tion, such ea the increased price of Pod and higher taxation
during the war, the coosisoop.ion of tea bar motioned to
IhOlehae. Of coffee the number of Ilse taken for conewn •-
tins in 1836 was 23,000000; in 1846, 34,000.000; in
18.53, 36,000,000; and is 185,5, it had fallen to 3.5,000,000;
but still it is mach in OZOtil of the consumption in 1836.
I will now state the amount of sugar consumed, indicating,
to a great extent, the same habits. Taking ',fiord and
ea
refined sugar together, the am set taken for resumption
in 1836 was 4,800,000 cwt.; in 1852 it was 7,172,000,; in
1663 it war 7.487,000, in 1864 it was 8,332,000; and last
year it was 7,647,000. With regard to m• levee., the quan-
tity taken for consumption in 1835 was 763.000 cwt.; and
in 1855, 920.000 cwt. Therefore with regard to those uti
else of tee, coffee, and sugar, notwithstanding the increase
of duties imposed daring the war, the consumption on the
whole has been in a satisfactory state, and indicates the
advisee of temp rate habits. 1 now come to the article
of spirits, spin which an ken sae of daty has
taken place duriug the last year. The duty en spirits in
England and Scotland is fie. a gallon ; in Ireland it is
60.24. The spirit duties I believe were nev.r in a snuader
state than they are at precut with regard to the relatioss
between the three kingdom., with regard to the drawback,
and alai as to the question of malt distillation. That is a
*object which has always caused greet embarrassment in
the regulation ot the spirit dais". The committee will. I
think, concur with me is thinking that we are justified is
the presect state of the revenue, in obtaining from spirits as
large en amount of they will yield, provided we
do not incur the dug. r arising from illicit distillation.
Perhaps the eoressiteee will allow me to read the opinion of
a writer es that saj• c', I. whoe school of fioance 1
cafe,. I am not a disciple, gal whose evidence therefore I
ens the more ready to avail myself of. I mean Sir Archi-
bald Alison, the well known historian. He hes filled a
judicial. ffiee in Glasgow, aad bee bad an orportunity of
observing the operation of the spirit duty. He set's •
To wart Mat the inereamd sumesmpUon er Writs by the wortit,g
elate« k feweneshis to their morellty Ise* stannte • doctrine, and so
contrary te ushered extorter. that It utnimt Mooned,
she it esuldhnee lees beardedla se enmity. Sine.
the dolmas Iplelle base bum a hen. asmumpticn of
Urn hem bees lemma Awe NM per inst. awl like pre.orilcs
ems melt par beg edema is die awe propeettus—ran Loeb
co bete mists the seineopereesees depleedea *rime duebtu the
roe pettei &a to Su mole of dmerellesiMs 4 NM Eivtli.
lateen sled emnsallmg, it bored bask Ist It bearer pmehesed
by*, watelmide ikesenallmelan al se Wis.:A ire the weddee
* item the SAW of seder ?ben le am
wile% dem& misepplori,, tarb, deesseellmse il
codued Otisgew plop Is see moult than err was
s toter all Sisend years. flare ie no perm
cet=ilimutsant with the ileistle of both. se the author bas her
it pian, w will mideniin • onstraryoptaion. Th is so ere
sradt=est- of taxation. to embdisect form, se ordeal spirits, be.
erne the Whir wigs\ the blessed duty =motto the prime/ the
aellubb. nine take a medeeetton, to so email as to be trifling even
is ohs hoollea esaverwer. white the amnion to the entails memos
to bmsinek frees she eau welshers who pa. take of the ecodort. It le
cm the rneee Wasik Ws se • eertonsbarden.
The,. in the opisiose of a person who has had much ex-
plain's es the select, and who thus eddy/us his eel.
deem is fev,ur of a moderate duty on spirits. The
comparison which I hive made with regard to tea and
eerie and coffee, when applied to spirits sad beer and malt,
produces& very different resale. That resell certainly is not
so favourable in a fiscal sod financial point of view, bat it
mast be a ry esti/factory to thou who are anxious to pre-
set(' temperate habits amuse the people. In 1836,
the number of geHoas of British spirits for which
duty was paid was 26710,000; in 1852, 23.000,000;
in 1864, 2.5,000,000; in 1855, 21,927,000. Now, lest
the committee should think th et that is owing ex-
clusively to the duty and not alto to the habits of the
people, I will mill their attentinn to a a man compari.,,,
with regard to beer. In 1835 th• number of barrel. if
beer °mussed was 16,310.000: in 1846, the consumption
was 14,000,000; is 1862. 17.0001100; in 1854, 16,000.000;
media 1865, only 16,000,000. showing therefore that the
coasamption of beer has been pretty nearly stationary eines
the year 1835. There is soother cense of are imciciental
salon which has produced some effect on the produes of
the spirit duty In the year which has just passed, and which
may 'outlaw, to operate for the prawns year, which dial-
Mattes the duty, bat ia nevertnelem adventageou is the
spirit dealer, end also increases the demand for the articles
of which spirits are made. I audit to the failure of the
wine crops cm the contiout of Europe for several year', and
the &minutiae in the quantity of corn brandy. That
disabilities has let to • large icemen In the exports of
British spirits to the continent, which has had the effect of
nisiag the pries here, bat is so beat& to the resume,
inasmuch as the spirit exported either pep NO duty OW a
drawback is allowed. In 183.5 the number of gallows of soffits
esporuid wee 913,000; is 1864 the quaatity was 749,000 gel.
loss ; sad is 1856 it was no less than 4,268,000 gallon,.
The import of that quantity of spirits hes of sum pro.
dosed a very Oeselderable teed on the home trade. I will
new pees to the article of malt. The war duty on melt differs
booth hum the WIND. tax sad the dirty on tee, The war
duty ea melt wantinnee until the 6th of July sent
after the mikados of peace, and no longer. This
duty therefore will ewe at Um earliest period at
which it is relate, isesaisch se dm ratificatthna of
the treaty of puce were lambasted la the pewees year, sad
es tie 6 di of 3ely this duty is at ea sad. The wet duty is
41. per bushel, sad it will fall Area the Sib of July zest,
audit the preseet law, to Is. OP. (Rear, bole,)
However. *adieu set maitre the entire loss which the
revenue will =stele in esesecesenes of that "dumb*.
It will be requielat, to seeerdenee not only with farmer pre-
admit Ist sin potty, to anew a &sorbs& ea oil the

steels on hand ; sod the drawbsek. I em given to aor'oe.
stand from the tottimouy of moat exenitte d Sone. of 1
amount to • sum cot for short of a mill on. W re,,..e0
to the mall duty, it must be aosaitted :bat toe Wong .11 m
the conoiunpaun 'Jones to indicate 'linnet ew beigood'elso
duty has to a nosiderab.• extent off*. t-d Ott e newsy es.,
kilter, hear.) Somethicg is, to doubt, to b' tote bated to
bteh.it Irottalem.kitt„,neot he
tinges
rpersic
we ohficbha e
leymd earbion
ugtthioe lairetadY"tor.
place, unless it should be arrested, will to sot eltor tier
show that, perhaps. the diminution co t. wtivi a 1! t •ke
wtnout efftet on the c nomption. In 1830 00
quintity of bushels of melt brenht to c roe is
tau country was 42,899,000 ; in 11.45, 36,603 000;
in 1652, 41,000,000, in 1554, 36 060,000; end to 154 it
wu .sly 32,875,000. (Heim, hear.) Now, althtugh it IS
true that the duty on malt may tram a. ert•sed toe a n-
stimpoon of that article, it is right I shook' p on• out t. ;use
committee that, upon the wh. le, taking tee =At duty as 01
Mat putout under the existing law as a 1 err dom. w eh
in anther form it is, end nothing more, the article of hen
is lightly tend at p tas monitored with the tax upon it
at • competitively recent pedal. From the p ro
1829 there was a beer duty as well a a melt duly ei dohp
duty. The avenge of those duties in the ye., 1827. 1828,
and 1829 was 7,192 0001. The beer duty le 1827 p•ooticet
3,200,0001.; in 1828, 3,200,00 W.; and te 1829, 3,190,0001.
That deit wee entirely repeal. d in 1829. In he triter yo, re
1831, 1833,and 1833, the averse annual produce of the molt
aid hop nudes war 6,081,0c01., as COIL p.red ei•h 7,191,00 W.
in the other three rum Dar'ag the lest three ye, is
the average nand 'rodeo, of the malt end hop dotes hes
been 6,63400 W. Therefore. if we imps, e the produce or the
melt and boo dates with the eve raga pioduoe of the whole
of the taxes on beer in 1827, 1828, and 1829, ii oil: he se, a
that in the last two years beer has been • much more liebtly
t zed article than in the termer period. There a notier
point of view In which the ditty on malt do, s not appear
onerous. Certainly, if the dory on .pints be cet.ei :ered
reasonable, the present dal on beer must be ogtrdtd u
altogether insignificant The price of • barrel of beer
is 335. The quantity of malt used in main that
beer is taxed at 4e1., the tax on hops it &ono 4'.,
therefore the duty on a burol of beer mat be token at
6s. Bd. The proportion of that duty to the price of • bar-
rel of beer is about 26 per cent. Now the pore of a gellon
of spirits it 10. Bd., the duty is fis., and th. p-ooi r i n of
the duty to the price is not leasthan 300 per emit. That
shows that the duty oa bet r as mooned with the, to
spirits is any low. I will now state the amount hot 1
orients will be produced from the diff rent breoclo • of
the dorms the neat year. I eelcultto 'hot ro. o-
aten from the Coatoma will be Rios, 23,830,000/.. nut
22,524,0001.; Entre. gnu 17 170,0001, net 18 348,0001 ;
stamp., pros 7,185,0001, net 7,000,0001. ; t,oee, reed and
assessed 3,110,0001., net 2,95) 0001. ; !roper y anti .ne .roe
tat, grow 16,355,000 r , net 16,000 0001. ; Posooffice, too.s
2,810,0001, net 1,070,0001.; crown leen, erns 260,000/.,* et
260,0001.; miscellaneous, grow, 1,000.0001.; net, 1 OA otel/.
The total gross I ...ornate dint' i' at 71 740,(90/.,
and the net reveries at 67,152,0001 N w deducing toe
to al estimated income (tom the total estimated moni-
tor*, includicg the 2,000.010!. for contitgencier, the do-
do:inn will be 10,373,0001 Then from that soot must he
deducted 1,500,0001. which has been received in the
present year from the produce of a loan of 6,000,00(0.
effected • short time before; that leaves an esti-
meted deficiency of 8,673,0001, or, emitting the
margin of 2,000,0001, the defetency will be 6,873 0001 ;
but if I add the 2,000,0001., it sell be 8,873,6001.
Now in the state of the revenue to which I hive cell, d
attention, her Majesty's government do not think, in the
prisset circumstances of Dm e matey—looking at the Estoril
feelings excited by the transition from oar to oese.—and
looking also to the difficulty, I may sty ionotoibility, of Im-
mediately reshape our new positoo, they do no , I mow,
think themselves justified in prepaine any adds tonal ten-
don to the house. Oa the other band, with • defieweey
on the estimated expenditure of the year, to which I have
already adverted, they hove not felt .bat, 'insistently with
their duty, they could recommend soy ditnieutinn of any
of the Bootees of revenue fn m taxation now in exi.mooi.
They have therefore decided to propose no change in the
gaining taxes. If the cow woe phrase, a state of tracer.
tin," is ever peculiarly epolicable, it is certainty so appli-
cable to the present year, when the trenoition from wee to
peeve places us in • position of an entirely exceptioe el el e-
recter, end thus renders any decision wb ch Is celculded
to affect the fiances of the future in soy perinea-
MA manner both usclesirable aid ineendien. The
government, therefore, propene simply to retain vos
sources of taxation at present g, acd to resort to h r-
rowing for the purpose cf supplying defiffier cies. With
this view th have in the first ut•tal co r posed• to res art
to a lon of 6,000,0001. in Consols. The tropc.ale for this
loan were made public a short time ago, and •entera were
received this morning at the trewury.—After m going.
as • pr u f of the vast resources of the country, teat Mewrt.
Rothschild bad received troffers on account of this ew lose
amounting to not Mae that, 40 millions marline, of wrier ten
per not , or four millonsoteriong, wu ectu,lly ptid in in
cash, the tight hon. baronet stated that for the retlitie of
the &fit gamy, being about two million, he detained to eik
leave to borrow money either in Erchtqu.r hoed' or Ex-
chequer Bills, scoording to the aspen of the wan mere, t
at the time, with a similar provision for the Lather two
millions which he wished to obtain by way of margin, to
meet any wartime num in the coat of cLffer:nt m-
elon Explaining the preemie by whim the it eome•tse, the
tea dude*, and other imposts would be suomoively redoc'd,
according to existing gemetts, In enitquebee of the
termination of hostilities, he intimated that, with these re-
ceptisas, no reduction could for tome rem to c ime be
prudently inclined in any branch of revenue, not even
exception the duty on fire inuracces. The Chancellor of
the Exchequer concluded by offering some remark. upon
the general principles of finance, accompanied by a brief
history of the recent changes and remissions in various
duties, and of the roductoos to be anticipated in the gun
amount of the natitnal debt consequent upon the falling in
of sundry series of terminab'e annuities.
A formal resolution, sanctioning tie termer of the new loin
of 5,000,00 W., was then read from the chair.
After some remarks by Mr. Alecch and Mr. Redfield on
the subject of fire insurances; from Mr. W. William- re-
spotting the stock in which the loan was contracted ;
Mr. E. Ball, on the malt-tax ; trim Mr. Vance, on the dory
upon Irish spirits; and from Mr. M. Gibson, is (ascot of a
repeal of the duty upon per to
i Mr. DISRAELI seri:mid the government, when the ex-
citement of war had paned away, to embark ton a con-se
of win and rigid economy, and controverted the snoop-
don that • large warlike force shou'd be kept on font in
time of peace, by wit, of preparation for the contingency of
war. The best mode of prepariog for hostilities was t' non-
Min reeourert and *sten d outstares device peace. It wan,
however, possible to maintaia • very ef6c;ect army wohout
rendering it either extensive in number or birth...nose in
soot, and as • feeder to this army he considered toe p
vatlon of • militia force highly advastageons. Mr. Disraeli
then adverted to the relatiAte between this country aro, Sar-
dine., observing that, judging from the ono c .10 of the 11 •
potiations laid before the honer, he should sui pore that
there had been an understanding between the Ssrdwan
ministry and the British gorrrnaseet respecting the Lbera-
tion of Italy ; hot how, he asked, wee he to reconcile win
n lasig. and diplomatic documents with a tripartite me my
between England, Frece4, and Austria, consolidating and
sealing a policy opposed to that which Sardinia had adi peel
and Great Britoil' encoi.r.fted ?
Lord PALMERSTON sold—l have beard the right hon.
gentleman, with that eloquence which be is so c.pahle of
summoning to his aid, express a great deal of virtuous it-
diptatios, which ought to have commended the best &ora-
tion and admiration of the house if it had not been wanton
la one thing to make it effective, and that is—the slightest
foundation in fact. The right hon. gentleman Jellied
of mysteries where none exist. The right hon. gentleman
has attached to a simple treaty a meaning, whalt
anyons who reads it can see is utterly inepplicable to such
a treaty. The right boo. gentleman has chosen to go hack
to the period of 1848, gad has made assertions with regard
to the conduct of the government on that oomesios which are
totally cefounded and void of any semblence. of tu h; aria
he hat implied chimps which I say are molly untrue. With
regard to our relations with Sardinia the r hon. geode-
man requires an ezpisastioc, and particularly with ref. renee
to the proweola of Paris. My answer is, th .t there is no
mystery in then relations, they an known to every( o ly,
they appear so the fees of the protocAs. The
treaty bourns thie country and Sardinia was one of
cermet, friendship and intimate alliance. But as to our
nein projects is enjunction with &Minis to re 'go-
Wind.* Italy and overthrow any of the government. f
that country, there is not the slightest ground for such a
charge. The pursuant of &edible certainly has (*re-
does to perform and a destiny to fulfil in Italy, and 'hat
Is to bold out an example of wise and constitutional instl-
tntioas—(h'ar, hear)—and I trust she will tend to convince
the world that the Italian nations are capable of governing
themselves in ceder and tranquillity. Those are our eels.
dons with Swells* and there is nothing to the protocols
which has a tendency to Imply anything different to thet
Nothing has pawed between the government of Eisend
and that of Sardinia, which is not known to t..• wer,a, end
which is not holm:able to both of them. No donht when
a moony like Sardinia moldy and bold'y flitted an alliance
like thet between Wass* and Ragland, and gallantly retried
on the war aids by side with them, there are ties be went
that country tea its allies which, if Sardinia was menaced
by soled attack, ought to form • claim on England and
Frame to see her protected against 1r suit or [derv. Hot
far be it, sad I am sore it I, far, from the thorignrs
of Sardis's, and that she n cootempleted
that her SIMMS with England and Francs, which
was founded on good faith, and entered into for
booosrable objects, ehould he used to aid Sardinia in •
salsolos of aggro*. against neighbouring states. The right
hoc. gesitlesnaa treats the 'Arendt* treaty between France,
ississi. sad Austria as it it was an Matromest which 404.-