The Express.
London, England, 1856-10-15 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 15, 1856.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

PORTIFICAT'IGNS
A letter{ from Brunswick, htthir Post 4ms Ga-
setta of Frankfort, says :—" It appears that France
will consider it necessary to establish fortified works
between Strasburg and Kahl, in order to counter-
Wanes the importance of the fortified bridge which
it is intended to emestruot pa the Rhine at Cologne.
This view ham been conveyed by the French govern-
ment to the varions courts of Germany, and that
government has requested the latter to present in I
reply their opinions with respect to the project.
Some of these courts have already replied that the
two fortified works cannot be placed on the name
line of comparison, because at Cologne both banks of
the river below to the same power, whilst at Kehl'
one bank of the Rhine belongs to France, and the
other to the Grand Duchy of Baden, which oan never
menace the French Empire. So the matter remains
at present."

ITALY.

.-.•-.

THE STATES OF THE CHURCH.
(PlO3l Orb OWN COILIMPONDINT.)
ROME. Om. 9.
" Napoli! Napoli is now the cry throughout
Italy. Every eye in the peninsula is directed towards
the Parthenopean shores, and from no region is the
course of events watched with more palpitating is
than from the States of the Church, where
rulers and subjects are equally convinced, although
with very opposite fears and hopes, of the vital
importance of the question. To bt gin with the Sove-
reign Pontiff himself, the emotion of fear is said to
be predominant just now, so much so indeed as to
have induced his Holiness to favour his warlike neigh-
boor King Ferdinand with a little paternal advice
not to push matters too far, lest he should upset the
coach in which the sovereigns of Italy have
hitherto jointly and successfully ridden under
the skilful guidance of the protecting Powers. Cardi-
nal Antonelli appears to entertain lege apprehension
than the Pope with respect to the final result of the
struggle ; besides which his Eminence is very desirous
to separate the interests of Rome from those of
Naples, so that the difficulties of the one state may not
necessarily entail dilemmas on the other. The nerve
of the Cardinal Secretary of State, added to the
soothing influence of M. de Rayneval's presence, will
no doubt restore Pio Nono's equanimity ere long, and
enable him to witness calmly the heroic exploits of
the Bourbon sovereign.
I have already stated to you the improbability of
any immediate change in the government of the
Roman States being contemplated by the Allied
Power, as demonstrated by the return of the Free&

ambessidett with all kis qiondam demo/nerd to the
Holy Bee, and akoby the non-increase of the French
garrison in Row, a fact hitherto undeniable
in spite of all that bas been announced respecting the
proximate arrival of General Roetolan's
The only arrival of troops we have had, or are likely
to have at present, unless a decided change in the
Emperor's policy towards the Pope should be resolved
upon, took place a few days ago at Civita Vecchia,
when a French steam frigate brought over 700 men,
destined to fill up the vacancies caused in the batta-
lions now in garrison by the return to France of
about as many discharged or invalided soldiers. The
strength of the brigade now occupying Home and
Civita Vecchia, and consisting of the 40th and 25th
Regiments of Infantry, with a corresponding force of
artillery, amounts to about 4,500 men ; end the
French military authorities are unanimous in declaring
that up to the present moment nothing bee occurred
indicating the slightest intention on the part of their
government to send reinforcements.

MARSHAL NARVAEZ ON A VISIT.

A letter just received from Madrid has the follow-
ing strange story :

-
A serious incident in which Ilsrehal Narrate agues is
good deal talked of here. It is said that he went pastas,
t' pay a skit to General Aleetn, the new Captain-General c f

the Philippine Isles, bat not finding him at home, went to
the drawing room to wait for him. There he found, in ad-
dition to Mao. Alma, M. lord Gael y Beate and his wife.
who bad also sailed to pay a visit. (The bluer is es Infanta
of Spats, being sister to the Wog sad cousin to the Queen.)
The conversation was very animated between the lady
of the bows end M. Owl y Rata, and is the course of It
Marshal Names, on several ottouloas, locked at the latter
Ina peculiar manner. At length the gentleman, annoyed
at being eo regarded, cried lam Gael y Rents l" On this
tome sharp observations were a:changed, sad the lady of
the hoes* having intervened, the Marshal eipreessil regret
that he had gives way to anger; bat taking his bat be left
the hens, and immediately sent a friend to chailenge
X. Clue' y Resta to fight him. A sleeting was fixed
ea, and the feet having bootee knows, attempt'
were made to elect an arrangement, but without messes,
M. Gael y Rents refuges for his part to give a promise
not to fight. In sonsegnesso of this, the governor of the
provisos has eaused that gentlemen to be arrested. In this
position the affair wafting, and what will be the bine of it
la not yet known. For the proper madmtandlog of it, it
is nemmary to explain that some time before the departure
of Marshal Names from Spain, M. Gust y Rents, in a
sitting of the Cortes, attacked him in very severe terms ;
and when he bad ooacladet, the Marshal rushing from
his seat placed his cane on the other's breast, and threatened

ALGERIA.

The Moniteur of yesterday imblishes two reports
from Marshal Randon, Governor-General of Algeria,

giving a detailed account of an attack upon some of
the Arab tribes who had refused submission to
France, se the Beni-Mendez, the Beni-Addon, and
the Beni-Boughredan. The attack was successfully
planned, and carried out by the division under
General Renault, with the small loss of one man
killed and eight wounded. The loss of the Eabyles
is reported to have been considerable.
In a second attack the loss wu one killed and
twenty-six wounded. The Bayles of the Beni Bou-
Abbott entrenched themselves io their villages, but
the entrenchments were carried at the point of the
bayonet. This took place on the 30:h of September.
The Kabyles having, however, Resembled again in
large numbers, a second attack took place on the 4th
of October. The village of Beni-Djema wu for
some time valiantly defended by the Baby's', but
finally taken. "Despite the difficulties of the posi-
tions to be carried (says the despatch) and the vigor-
ous resistance of the enemy, this day, which will, I
trust, be fruitful in results, only cost us five men
killed and thirty-nine wounded."
A successful coup de main had also been made in
the Amalfi district.
Letters from Algiers of the 10th announce the de-
parture of the Cocyte for Delhys to take on board
Marshal 'tendon, who is expected at Algiers on the
14th. The tribe of the Guechfoutas has summitted.

A "northern tourist" sends to a eotemporary an
moist of the precautions taken by the Realists pollee to keep
strangers out of the sruatry. They are twenty-font. in num-
, bor. Two only have refugees to acts which meet be performed
hero,' entering t►e Remise dominions at Croatia& The
first Is the ourroeity for the ease of the Naelian coneal-
/reseal fa Londe's, mad for a letter of rerosuneedation or
introduetton to souls well-hoes. pima Is Rusts ; secondly,
the v4e of the polio. meat be obtained oa arming Denmark.
The twenty-two ether geremeeke meat be performed by
every Esgllsheasa who wishes to visit Moscow, via Bt. Pe-
unbars, to the Interval bet,. ea hie arrival at timgeardship
off Cr muted* and the tame when he puns the setae guard-
ship oa hie homeward voyage.
"The Pope (says L'Ordre et La Liberee of Caen)
hal appoioNA the ithbd Tame% a native of H oillevr, but
now chaplets of the Roman Catholic Orphan laelitution of
Norwood, bishop of the bleed of Daudet's, and of the
mall Wands belonging to Unglaad la the West ladies.
The new biebop's &Nue eIU ererpries asset 300,000
souls." _ _

Letters from Ream state that os the 9th the core-
iseateteeet of the soviet es the rallysy to Clefts Verohts
took pleas with greet eersisosy at Beata Poems, a place
two miles frost lime. Mgr. Tiaeaal,Arehblolies of
Minn (the largest see is talysaut Is the world), peasrmod
the 111111111:err Monis. the Ilse, is tho pIINIMMO
Of the dlploosstie a swear et istataalei joistee,
sad ether &alai penes's'''.

•
Urbistcndo. minister at war was recently named by PRIESTLY AGGRESSION IN BELGIUM.
O'Doansil Capin General of Andalusia. General •
IreimsndL minister of marine, was prinident of the Lt the .Erireas of yesterday allusion was made
council of ministers before the formation of Sarto. to the reply to cleric intolerance with which M.
ritie ministry. There are private despatehes which Verlisegen inaugurated the winter session of the
slightly vary the above list. According to one, M. University of Brussels on the 6th inst. The fol.
Barznallana is minister of the interior, and Centavo, lowing is an extract from his bold and valuable ad-
O'Donnell's misiater of public works, retains his °Moe. dress :
Another despatch pretends that Barznallana is The two parts which I have astigued to the University of
minister of finance, and Seyu Lozano minister of Brussels—the one critical, the other positive—are indispen-
justice. But whatever may be the precise romped- sable to every system of superior instruction. The univer.
Lion of the ministry, it is certain that it is emphati- skies of the State, less free than ours in their forms, cannot
sally a court government installed in open defiance of ends this duty without being untrue to their 112i119;011. They
the alto are forced to obey the inuistible power of *tisane
all the principles known to be entertained br
OM alto are swept along beyond the barriers which dog-
representatives of the people, ana relying sole y for
its maintenance upon corruption and brute force.
lionsttiuntheruntinivanersiutnydofthostran;tatuodfryesouitaekliTiffohmowtlimisurchse:aihnat.
eciAipsell Parisof
.t the
iechtte:rh la s
flisavtounr
ei night
by
yt obesrutitftel
It has participated with it in the common reprobation of the
weather. The owner, of the telescopes on the Place Bity•pl,
thewasmooinn
Vendome, the Pont Neuf, and in the Champs It was impossible that this reprobation should not have
Elysdes made a rich harvest. The eclipse was en come, and we an fur from complaining that it has come ; for
nearly total that at eleven o'clock, the time of the we contest with no one the right to contradict our opinions.
greatest observation, nothing was to be seen of the dispute our doctrines, or criticise our methods of
moon which had risen " round as my shield:" but a lastruotien, on-tain as we are to triumph over our adverse:
small luminous stripe, of a curious form, which, had rim ha shy „ewes struggle in which we shall have for
one seen it suddenly without thinking of the eclipse, judge between us the good sense of the coantry. Bat since
would have excited the greatest wonder, and might the glove has been thrown down, we shall take the liberty
have taken to be. the nucleus of the great comet of asking these whe are so passionately contending against
expected this year. as by what right it is that they claim to be the sole posses-
son of the truth ?
We will tell them: You poems only the truth at a par-
ticular church, and we do not interfere with your teaching it.
We do not prohibit our pupils from believing your doctrines
or practising your precepts.
We will tell them : You possess only the truth of a par-
tieulaz church, and you have the arrogance to lay claim to
universal truth. It is a claim that cannot be allowed ;
miser al truth is not yours.
You do not possess histericisl truth, and you cannot teach
it, f3r you are compelled to falsify history, in order to encase
the crimes which have nerved the ambition of your church.
You do not possess moral truth, and you cannot teach it.
for the first law of morality is charity and toleration;
wh the fourth Council of Laterse, under the presi-
dency of Pepe Innocent 111., prcelMme that " it is not only
a right, but also a duty, to persecute heretics; and that it is
impossible to be a good catholic without following ibis
pria-
triple of the Roman church."
You do not pawns scientific truth, and you cannot teach
it, for the principles cf the church have condemned the sys-
tem of Copernicus, and persecuted Galileo, who professed it.
You do not possess political truth, and you cannot teach
It, fir the encyclical of Gregory XVI. has condemned the
Belgian constitution, which Europe admires and envies as
the wisest and best of all existing constitutions.
Gentlemen, if we allow to the episcopate the right of
directing its own course of ins/rutin' as it pleases, and of
calcines ours without reserve, es yet cannot acknowledge
its right to menace the fundamental law of the laud, sad
seek to set the church above the state.
The church is no longer content to teach religion without
opposition, to organise modes cf worship without obstacles,
and to found, with the aid of the public treasures, establish-
ments of education and charity—the church, in addition to
this, would fain make incanions beyond her own limits,
ventures to pus censure on rival establishments, and C)Alti.
tutee herself, as of old, supreme arbitress of good and evil,
in entire ceutempt of the settled attributes of the civil
government. The reason le, that the Church of Rome Is
not a religion only, but a political power,-41 political
power neoessatily anteganistic to the dee, sad beholding
the ideal of human society In the theoeratio absolutism of
Rome.

This church, when vanquished, claims liberty, as a matter
of common right; but no sooner has it been conceded to her
than she will employ it ss smatter of special privilege. • •
The bishops desire, and by virtue of their principles are
condemned to desire, a monopoly of aduestion ; they can-
not be contented with the influence they already miens
on primary and secondary instruction ; they are not satisfied
even with having an university of their own, they secretly
aspire, and they must aspire, to overthrow all others. But
yesterday they denounced as impious the University of
Ghent, and demanded the dismissal of certain professors
then; to-day they declare war to the knife against the Uni-
versity of Brunie; to-morrow will came the turn of the
University of Liege. If they do not succeed in suppressing
freedom of instruction, or,which comes to the same thing, of
introducing the Antwerp convention iota the higher /duca-
t ox, it is not seal • blob will have failed them, it is that
their attempts will have been defeated by the mighty power
of public opinion, now vigilant and forewarned.
You eel, gentlemen, where the danger lies ; you know the
causes of that initetien which prevails and threatens a
storm ; you are witnesses of the attack made by the episco-
pate !against a constitutional institution, and against
the principles of our political rights. Bat the soma
of the evil points to the remedy. That remedy
is the action of public opinion, the guardian of our liberties,
and the stronghold of public opinion is the free university
of Brussels. If the free University were to fall, the bishops
would soon become musters oldie univirsities of the state,
and obtain a owlets monopoly of the higher education,
As long as we remain standing, such a monopoly is impos-
sible, because our existence is Independent of political fluc-
tuations.

We an engaged in a Wraggle, and we have a right to
upise to triumph : the univerraties ads state will triumph
with m.

And theists, gentlemen, observe this : it is not we
who are the aggressors. Belgium has been peaceable kr the
lest five and-twenty years, guided by a wise and truthful king,
whore glory it is to favour the regular development of our
institutions within the limits of the fundamental laws; the
moral life of the nation circulates and expands under this
wholesome influence; the liberty of conscience, the liberty
of the press, the liberty of association, pus into facts and
help to form oar manners, without bringing with them
trouble or perturbation. What do I say? They preserve
us from the abc cka which have so violently perturbed neigh-
bouring countries ; truth spreads no every side, discuuion is
open in the chairs of professors, in the school., in the churches,
In the workshops, in the streets; our pupils spread themselves
in all careen, and public esteem follows them where they
go. We are ripe for liberty; we have justified the confi-
dence which the members of the national congress reposed in
the calm and strong spirit of the Belgian people ; we have
deemed our coattitution, for we have proved by twentyfive
years of peace and progress, that with usliberty is the inse-
parable companion of order and family happiness.
We will continue then, gentlemen, to leave to the bishops
the truth of their church, and the liberty of defending it as
they please, but we will never suffer dogmatism to 'nude
the domain of feint*, much less to assert itself u universal
science, we will n suffer it to attack the fundamental
laws of the country, and the liberty of which those laws
are the basis.
We repeat It: examination, discussion, trathful and
independent, of every power, spiritual or temporal, le not
only a right but' a duty of the professorial body in
every university, escrpt that which is under the rule of
the episcopate, and ',lv eh submits science to dogmatism.
In this we are sure that we shall have the support of
public opinion.
One ward more. You young men, who now bear me,
are the hope of your country! To you one day will be
entrusted that noble treasury of great principles which
our fathers have handed down to ae as 'en heirloom ; take
care, you have at this moment two principal enemies to fear
—the seducing Whom' of others and your own enthu-
siasm.

-----
Parsee your studies with that calm and security which
befit the labours of the intellect; continue to give en min-
ple of conduct perfeely irreproachable ; the banner of the
University is that of liberty, science, and order; It will
continue, with its three colour', to stream bravely to the
wind.

Jest go into a bookseller's shop in Belgium, (says
the Tinto) and take up 4. • catalogue of bad books," or
books that are not to be read, on peril of destruction of a
man's faith; it is • catalogue of a few year.' date, and
published, apparent'', wi'h ecclesiastical authority and
approval. Ws open ti, sad whet dote it (*Maio ? First,
all the leading Frisch journal., so that a Belgian,
though he spoke the sane leaping*, was to know
nothing of the politics of France. That was a lie.
We ammo then to literature, history, philostphy,
and we find the melee of Locke, CI hhon, Meerga..
gales, IBo►snann, Salim, Backe, Neauder. Guinn, Hoe-
ran, Sismondi, Triers, Thi. rry, Balvandy, Ville:main, Son-
wavy.. Byron, Duress, Victor Hugo, Captain hlarryst.
and Castles. This is just a specimen of a long list of
authors from which the Belgian catholic was esclatted,
(MIR forbidden ground. A Bibliothigtia Challis follows,
which the Balder might read,—• list of sufficiently gate
*bemire authors, the perusal of whieb was youcheand him
as a very great privilege, in order that be might not go
wholly miinfortned.
An ecclesiastical college is to be founded at Reins
for the subjects of the Italian rosin:es of the Austrian
MOM