The Express.
London, England, 1860-09-27 00:00:00

PROMOTION OP SOCIAL SCIZWCI.

SECOND DAY.

The pmceetlings on Tuesday opened with an
address on the subject of Jurisprudence from the Lard
Advocate, in the Common-hall of the College, which wen
densely peeked by the member and associates, while many
were unable to gain admittance. The time fixed for the
delivery of the address was half•past ten o'clock, but it wan
nearly eleven before the Advocate made his appearance.
About ten minutes prior to that hour Lord Brougham en-
tered the hall, and was received with loud enplanes. He
was accompanied to the platform by Sir John Lawrence,
Bart., Sir John Pskington, Sir J. Kay Shuttleworth, Earl
of Mist*, Lords Animal= and Heaves, Sir Archibald
Alison, Bart., the Hon. A. F. Kinnaird, M.P. for Perth,
Walter Buchanan, Eery., M.P., A. M. Dunlop, PAq., M.P.
for Greenock, Mr. Sheriff Bell, Rev. Des. Lee, Guthrie,
Buchanan, and Maoduff ; and other gentlemen.
Lord Muumuu, who presided, rose and said—Before
proceeding to the boldness of this meeting, which is the
address of my right hon. friend on my left, the Lord Advo-
cate, on Jurisprudence, 1 wish to supply au omission which
I unhappily made last night. On the last occasion of the
Congress at Bradford, I bad to lament, which I did most
sincerely, the great losses which we had sustained during
the preceding 12 months, of which the most signal and the
most irreparable was the loss of my right bon. friend Sr
James Stephen, who presided at tie head of one of the
departments—a lose altogether irreparable in every point of
view. We have now to lament the lan of another person,
not perhaps so eminent in st►tion or in services, but of
very great use in all public good works, and a most
valuable member of the association—l mean the late Mrs.
Jamieson. The loss of Lady Noel Byron is also as irrepar-
able, being a person wham heart, soul, and means were en-
tirely devoted to good works. (Subdued applause.)

Before the Loci Advocate delivered his address, Mr.
Beatings read • letter from Professor Katchenowsky, of
Bassin dated norm, 3rd September, relating to the enter-
natioual law of Europe and America.
The Loan ADVOCATI was received with cordial cheers.
The following are extracts from his address :
On the subject of law as •branch of social science he said:
After the very comprehensive view of the duties and
objects of this Association which was delivered last
sight by your noble president, I shall proceed to fulfil
the duty imposed urea me by the kindness of the com-
mittee in Orteg me to preside over the section devoted
to jurisprudence, by a few introductory remarks, con-
fined entirely to the proper business of that section,
and devoted to elucidating shortly, and as clearly as I
can, the principles upon which we should seek for the
reformation and improvement of the law in respect of
it. relation to social science, and some of the more
salient and important topics which may probably fall
under our attention in course of our deliberations. We
are to consider in this section law as a branch of social
science—that is, in its immediate practical relation to com-
mon life. In one sense it is nothing but a department, or
rather the embodiment of social science' inasmuch as it is
the mainspring of all social movements and relations. But
the science of jurisprudence, in its more specific acceptation,
is apart from its social results. It deals with what in, not
with what ought to be--and the tendency of the study is
rather to shut out than to enlarge the contemplation of its
practical effects. It is indeed • science of the highest order,
tasking the intellectual powers, by demantb on them for all
the qualities combined which the exact and the more general
sciences require- the grasp of genentlisation which is essen-
tial to mental philosophy, with the careful analysis or in-
duction characteristic of mathematical inquiry. But it is
not in cat', scientific character that we are to deal with Pirie-
prudence in our meetings here. We are to try this peat
seleme by its existing results, as compared with existing
enmities, to see how fat this great machine correspond@
la its effects with the great object for which alone it was
created. I canvass its merits with no superstitious re-
verence for the abstract merits of • system, or even the
!=authority of its most distinguished professors.
ini, as I'd°, in the presence of some of the greatest
jurists o oar time, the introductory views I am about to
submit to this section will be suggested with all the defer-
mai and caution which such an anilines demands. But it
is impossible to deny the great boat& which amid ergo.
from In contact not only the lepl professors of
different syntenis but the trained and experienced lawyer,
with the opinions and interest of those for whom laws are
made, and who profit oilnaffer by them.
With reference to English and Scotch Law and the ques-
tion of assimilation, the lion. and learned gentleman said—
"A wholesale importation of the law of England among
us would be a social and political revolution.
(Applause.) The English law of tithes could hardly
co-exist with the established form of religion. The
English pariah law would give us, what I hope not to
see, an able-bodied 'poor.rate. The English law of real
property would upset the security of our land rights,
and introduce a net-work of subtleties difficult enough to
administer in the country of their birth, bat utterly in-
capable of being transplanted here, without wiesttling the
tenure of the whole landed property of the country. The
law of Scotland, framed on- the feudal and Aril systems,
sad borrowed from, and illustrated sad methed by,
the analogies of continental nations, prmente on the w
• theoretical sod philosophical unity. The law of England
is a work of gigantic power, nand from matenals et Bar-
ba powth, and piled up from one century to another by
the hands of great judges who defied the poem. of coeds,
and of patriots Pekes of the liberties of Oontinows,cauZ
forced into rugged but magnificent alidaislatten by the
wraith, the enterprise, and the canroesmi of the
people. (Applaues.) Judged of by its results, the
world never saw • man hemficent or enlightened
system ; but, taken in dela% few of its ampere*
Vwould stead the test of philosophical scrutiny.
ahan we, thareterer mete to the oonelusioe that this
week of aimiasilaikia should he emdaeted en abstract merit
and to abeqpie at awe the peat comma law
of under wises mighty shadow her vast maple
end Me an hog mad reposed. We mastosnteatcarseives with =sad mere attainable im-
Evements, and proand in the greet work of minsilation
such degrees as may seem practicable sad wite. But is
direction there is • peat and haportmill field open to
the legal refarmar. Of late years some important steps
ham been taken is this direction, sear by direct, and ethers
ly iedirect, sod nation."
On the marriage laws of England and Soothed hs said—
" It Is certainly very extraordisary tkat a ma should be
married on one side et the balder adnot cm the other,
and very awkward that one ism bhueM Medd net he
able to say with °Mang whether he is monied or
sot. (Laugher.) • pod meny yews ego a deed*en was
given in one al the liaglisk everts that a divewee
wanted by a theta mein was not me which they
_amid
remernise, and the miertimate meta wasactually tried for
bigamy became he led married spdn alter being diverted.
I mate ea attempt in remedy thnt matter in a bill intro-
eased tate parliament this yenr. MI there was a difference
al minim as to whether the meth in which it was proposed
to regulate that molter was the best or not. Ido nut moan
to my anything en ths4 pint further than to say that ob.
ttlhave been *ram al Ileetland whisk are sail-
e.ray eispedul

B.
Lard Draaaluua tool; SBUTION
alaiz Ws suatioa at 1 o'clock.
INTERNATIONAL COMMON
90a ilia PiONOTION or 0111FuILIINT IN its AbIeiITICEPS
OF anann aailaaaft
no following itainant. ainalstid in Ma ~than, gins
se nolnailaa at its ninon d r—Th• 'domi-
nant avowal .new h frarailm lain sad cam-
Ina at Ift slab ia Thu lairs sail
anew at dllleffent miens au/ , last maid
la gond smisgb ina amainy amtipanal amain
•

. .76 . -

'author. It is admitted that this is a great practical grim
anmLand the object of this meeting is to put an end to it.
The *lbw* are the principal prism on which differences
eniek-1. Damage done to ship end cargo by voluntary strand-
ing. & Dmeage dune to ship and cargo in extinguiahnueLe:
=
3 Cif and breakage of cargo after jettison. 4.
iiiire cargo by discharging it at a port of refuge
away the wreck of masts accidentally carried away.
6. Ramos of !wasuboues rent on cargo, reshipping it, sad
outward gut charge*. at a port of refuge, when the
original abig =nee on the cargo from that port. 7. (harry-
ing • pram of mil. 8. Wages and provisions for the
crew during the delay aimed by patting into port. 9. Coo.
tribuking value of ship, freight, mid cargo.
The opinicio tbe meet* will be taken on each of these
point' :
Ist. As to the principle which should govern it ; i. e.,
whether the loss is, or is not, in principle, allowable in
general a.
A. bathe expediency of adopting •a practical rule to
I motl or prevent atm= at that principle.
After a long diseiunion, in which Mr. Hastings, Mr.
Rathbone, Mr. W. Richards, Ur. Theodore Engles, of
Antwerp, and other gentlemen took part,
After a lengthy discussion, • sieges, proposing that
deluge done to a ship, asses or freight, by running ashore,
shall aot be allowed in general average, lies negatived by
18 to 15.

Another notion, "That damage done to abip, cargo, and
freight, in extinguishing fire, shall be allowed in general
avenge," was carried by 20 to 4.
The her points were left over, and the congreen ad-
journed.

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT.
• Ste dints LiFilihkattleweeili took the slab in tide depart-
anent at one
Yr. E. 1). J. WILAB rad • paper cm " Falls lee and
Facts in relation to Public Elementary Education." It.
showed that not half of the sum which puma in the parlia-
ment•ry estimates as educational grants is devoted to
MAWS and art, museums, Be., and that it is a mistake to
az=that government aid disnourages voluntary coot&
as it is in most came so distributed as to require
and stimulate voluntary contribution. Be argued, too,
that educational statistics could not be relied on, unless
quality as well se quantity were taken into account.
BUN MAST CARPINTEEt then reed • paper on the
" Priseiples of Education." She mid it was necessary,
in dealing with • child, to look tint to its soul, that
widish was in especial communion with the Eternal
flpdrit, and marked every human being as a child of the
Heavenly Father. Next there was the mind or intellect,
erbileh iselsded all those powers whereby man had at his
mmomodthe material world, whereby he could penetrate
hate the mysteries of the divine law, and reveal new worlds.
And thfrffly, there were to be considered the affections.
If any of the three function to which she had alluded were
developed Man moratureldegree the others would be blighted
or become morbid. it was common to say of an unduly de-
veloped child, "It is too good to live ;" and, in point of
fact, how often did they notice that the bud was carried
away by the angel of death to unfold in the heavenly
garden. Each element of human nature must be *Mired
and treated in connexion with the other two. She had
known • child of three years of age who ruled his mother
lied the household. A strong will must be brought under
high and holy purposes, and where so combined they gave
wonderful strength. Florence Nightingale could not
he,. gone through • work so much beyond a
worann's strength if she had not ponsamed such
will and purpose. Nor could • Garibaldi have
pursued his triumphant course had not • mighty
will wielded a sword girded on in loving devotion to
' his country. The teacher must have his own will and the
will of his pupil brought into harmony with the will of
God ; and he most draw out his pupil to work spon-
taneously before there could be anything like real income in
training. Miss Carpenter resumed her seat amid loud ap-
plause.
Mr. Brow thee addressed the meeting on moral training
in 001111431i012 with the ordinary elementary school ea •
power to mime the sunken
The Rev. Dr. R. J. BIITCX followed with a paper on the
fallacy of the popularly received dictum, that • , endowmenta
for education are necewq." Ile held that the parent who
neglected to educate his child inflicted on it an injury which
the government was entitled to prevent ; and that govern-
mrd was also entitled to interfere, on the ground that the
want of education among the working chums must throw •
large excess of unskilled labour in the market, than de-
pressing wages and deluging society with a flood of paw-
. On these grounds, be thought government estitled to
interfere, and he would also approve of the expenditure of
public money in training up propedy (pealed teachers.
(qt.)
rarad rooversetien on the mine mad,
Profaner Pittaxs was called upon for his piper " Flints
for Improving the Elementary Stages of the Higher Educa-
tion," which was read by a substitute. The paper sug-
gested changes in the construction and classification of
=Ttical lemons. The youthful mind ought be more
ed than at present in the acquisition of the classic
lartresMotion of the PRISIDIXT, the thanks of the meet-
ing were awarded to Professor Pillans for his piper.
Mr. LEONE Levi then read a paper co the " Educational
Bearing of the Decimal System," in which be advocated the
adoption of the decimal system on the ground that it would
save much time in the education cf the young.
Thanks were voted to Professor Levi, and the department
adjourned.

' AND REFORMATION DEPARTMENT.

The lieu. Arthur Hinnaird preaided hi thin faction, which
was attended Sir John Lawrence, 0.0.8., the Rey. Dr.
Guthrie, and
Xt. J. H. Bvirrox read a paper on " The Tendency of
Priem Stetiatics in Scotland for the lust Ten Years."

• paw, by yr. T. C. B. Hrtornsurr, one of the sti-
=4.7ediskrotes el Winningham. wu read on " The
3 witore Dealers Bill," in the course of wLich the sys-
tem of marine storekeeping in seaport towns was strongly
deprecated, as being. a nursery of all crime, and an moon-
rageensat yeses Wares
• papur on the game subject was reed for Mr. Baines, in
whki tt was eostended that act, at present in existenos
might, by the ..s and will of trates, operate
fa the evil complained of. Objection was
takessdM the peripatetic dialers who encouraged shit-
dun wa iffinasstice to make use of what was not their own.
The mode of disposing of such characters should be to cum
them to make periodical visit., and that they should be
made to rift the door-bell, sod otherwise give notice of
their peessea One other method against store dealers
would bs to prod& that no ono of them should be allowed
to purchase goods from servants without a written authority
beta their smaployers.
• paper prepared by Mr. W. B. Rasura& " On Adults
after their Bdissere hem Convict Prisms," was then read;
in the muss of which it was stated that it was as &fifth
for each to remain their old heart position and break off
, from their oldbod associates, as it was fur a clergyman, after
ill-health, to keep warfront following out his lawful and
legitimate prefossion, or for a retired oMaer to forget hi.
old victories or remain out of his recent services. The
difficulties of such to get employment after they knew
their character was lost was pointed out, which through
Iscialanion were asked to be removed. A society for re-
ceiving gratuities for such, and for retaining any 01011i1111
made Main eselbsernent, was advocated, so that these
aid rtes lihrolgh their own exertions, might once more
regain old position. Inatome" were ppoommted out to
show thatpeseons thus relieved and entertained had never
Leo fetd to ahem theoesidesee than. (Hear.)
The Itheliaggeit Priem.' Ali we della* SAVO.
toted op an adodeable philsiathrople
Mr. if 'Conxu, Glasgow, read a ppasppeesr daeribieg the
agendum of the Gkegow Dies aged Aid Society.