The Express.
London, England, 1856-04-24 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, APRIL 24, 1856.

'be OXprtolo.

rear d enliven thundered brat to greet the pre-1
muse cl the Island Qum—wins, as her yaoht
&idled sullen* along the far‘extanded fist, sheer
after cheer, such is English mikes tine ma ere.
rose merrily late the clear air—the pales of the
coldest most have quickened with patriotic pride, and
the Epicurean aim even of the moat practised world-
ling, have reomeatuily yielded to the power of a new
sensation.

To MUUMPOMDBXII.
AftilleMilislatemistllat imigiaknamina imag
s*ism
b• Ones. le• •••••b7 Iree ell la the
be

ZION WATIR AT LONDON DRIDOI.
isms DAT—Wirsisi. Y. lie—......Afterasce. 46. ice.
Teaeceasir-111andag. Y. 41a...—.Aftonots. Sk. Is.

To those who could think while they felt, the
great spectacle must indeed have been suggestive.
This Teat creation of apparently resistless power—
this hitherto unparalleled exhibition of warlike might
—hes not grown out of the desperate exertions of a
nation that has exhausted itself is giving it birth,
and sunk back languid after the unexampled effort.
This ow:croons force, unequalled in the world's his-
tory, is a mere episode in the productive might of
' England. In the two years which have sufficed for
the equipment and completion of the bulk of that
navy which stretched from point to point
across the waters of the Solent, no perceptible
abatement has taken place in the ordinary
exertions of the national industry. Not a forge
has been silenced, not a loom hes remained idle--
the peaceful energies of trade have steadily pursued
their unreeling work—the accumulation of that
wealth by which *loos these prodigies of warlike
equipment are rendered possible has proceeded
with steady and unimpeded progress throughout a
war which has already worn out the resources of
the most populous and warlike of the European
empires. That which has ruined Russia and
straitened France, ham bat called into fuller activity
the inexhaustible energies of England.
There is another reflection which arises quits as
naturally front this magnificent display of " the
might of England,* and that is the moral power
of self-restraint, which in the very heat and ardour
of the conquest, in the consummate completeness of
all our warlike preparations, has led us to pause in
mid-career, the instant the purposes for which we
commenced the war have been accomplished. The
conflict upon which we entered from a mom of justice
we have refused to continue from the lust of con-
quest, or even from the more venial motive of strik-
ing home at the aggressor who had promoted the
strife. We can easily conceive that a policy so dig-
nified and unselfish is beyond the comprehensioo, and
therefore honoured with the reproach, of those who
regard • state of war as at once emancipating
nations and individuals from the obligations
of an elevated morality, and the ' teachings
of an exalted wisdom. Their appeal is to
those brutal instincts of pugnacity the evoking
of which is one of the most undeniable evils of a
state of warfare ; and upon those who will conde-
scend to employ this kind of appeal all reasoning is
of course thrown away. We will not now stop to
inquire of them what object in which Europe, or
civilisation, or freedom is concerned, could possibly
have been realised by the protracted continuance of
this war. Upon this point, indeed, it is most pro-
bable that they would have no rational answer to
give, their sole contention being, as far as we
an understand what we will not deign to
call their reasonings, that at whatever oat
to curselves, and at whatever violation of the
most ordinary dictates of true policy and enlightened
humanity, we should have exerted with a giant reek-
lameness the giant force that we undoubtedly ponies.
We venture to think otherwise, and we firmly be-
lieve that the great bulk of the intelligent popu-
lation of this country will think otherwise too. To
our minds the moral firmness displayed by England,
in refusing to wield for purposes of mere vindictive-
ness the vest material of war which the unexampled
efforts and enormous outlay of the past year have
placed within her grasp, is a nobler and • rarer illus-
tration of national virtue than could have been sup-
plied by any naval triumph (unneeded as • proof of
prowess by the countrymen of BLAKE and Nusots)
which should have resulted in planting our flog on
the shattered ramparts of Sweaborg or the blazing
ruins of Cronstadt.

LONDON, TIIMIDAY, APRIL 24.

Tat: text of the Treaty of Peace—published exclu-
sively in the second edition of yesterday's Deily
News—proves the aceuraey of the accounts of the
stipulations arranged in the Conferences at Pane,
which we have, from time to time, been enabled to
communicate to oar readers. The Turkish territory
is to be evacuated, without delay, by the armies of
all the nations that are now within its limits.
The Turkish provisoes in Asia, at present occupied
by the Russian., are to be restored; both the
Asiatic and European lines of demarcation between
Russia and Turkey are to be rectified—and the con-
sequence of this will be an acquisition of territory
by Turkey, on its Moldavian frontier, at the
expense of Ruins. In a few months the
dominion, of the SULTAN—thus extended—will be
freed from foreign soldiers, and Russia has aban-
doned her unjust claim to interfere between the
SULTAN and any of hie subjects. AS a guarantee for
the permanence of this satisfactory arrangement,
we have the stipulations in virtue of which Rumia
and Turkey ars bound " neither to construct nor pre-
serve any military-maritime arsenal on the Black

Sea coasts," and to restrict their naval armaments to
a few " light vessels for the service of their tease."
In addition to these provisions the Black Sea is
thrown open to the mercantile marine of all nations;
controls are to be admitted into the parts of the
Black Sea; " trade in all the ports of the Black Bea
shall only be subjected to regulations of health, cue-
toms, and police, conceived in a spirit favourable to
the development of commercial transactions;" Reeds,
by the re-adjustment of her Besearabian frontier,
is removed from the banks of the Danube, and de-
prived of all power to obstruct the navigation of
that river; and the navigation of the Danube is to
be rendered as tree to all as sanitary considerations
will permit. lastly," each of the contracting Powers
shall have the right at all times to station two light-
vessels at the mouths of the Danube." In short,
Turkey has been emancipated from its virtual state
of vasielep to Russia; its soil will no longer be
trodden by foreign armies; its most dreaded enemy
is disarmed; the increasing resort of Europeans to
the Black Sea will render impossible any clandestine
preparations for aggression on the part of Russia.
Turkey has pined time to strengthen itself against
hostilities in the future ; and for men of common,
average prudence and energy, to pin time is to gain
everything.

It is worth while to out a glance at the condition
in which Russia and Turkey, respectively, enter into
these new relations. During the last century and a
half Russia has shot ahead of Turkey, both in respect
of the development of its material remoras and of
the organination of its government. Bat the war
has done mach to platy them more on a footing of
equality. Russia's resources are exhausted by the
efforts she has made. The address of the CZAR to his
Moscow nobles betrays apprehensioce that the wiser
policy he proposes to adopt may prove unpalatable to
many of his most powerful subjects. Ramis has been
weakened; and Roosts le no longer moved, like one
vest machine, by the will of one energetic man.
On the other hand, Turkey has neither had her
strength overtaxed, nor her resources drained by the
war. Poor she may be, but in no perceptible degree
poorer than before. And the non.expenditure of
their loans leaves the Turkish Government in posses-
sion of an unwontedly large amount of ready money.
The difficulties with which the Porte will have to
contend daring the first yearn of peace may be briefly
enumerated. Throughout the Empire the fanatical
Musulmano are discontented with the concessions
made to the Christians. But it is the frontier lands
that will crave most tender and wary handling. The
Pachalio of Bagdad has always been disturbed; but,
as the only neighbour of Turkey in that direetios
is the effete Government of Persia, there is little
real or immediate danger there. On the contrary,
the hereditary tenure of the viceroyalty of Egypt
incessantly menaces disruption on that frontier; and
the unsettled condition of the trans• Danubian pro-
vinoes cannot fail, while it continues, to be a source
of uneasiness to the Porte. Lastly, the suppression
of the slave trade has occasioned disturbances in the
Arabian provinces on the Red Sea, and in the terri-
tories immediately adjoining CirCOANDII. It cannot be
denied that elements of discord and anarchy exist in
Turkey; but if the central government acts with
judgment and energy, they may easily be eradicated.
The prosperity both of Turkey and Rends will be
best promoted—the perpetuation of pesos between
them will be best assured—by their earnestly devoting
themselves to the development of their ma-
terial resources. This most, in either caw, be directly
and immediately the work of the people and Govern-
ment themselves. But, indirectly, friendly Powers
may afford important assistant*. For other States
we cannot take upon as to speak, but we can say with
confidence that the only desire of England is to see
both countries advance steadily and rapidly is the
career of moral and material improvement. In so far
as Turkey is concerned, the policy of Ragland is clear.
English trade and capital will soon find their way
to Turkey. The less our Government interferes with
commercial affairs the better. But it can materially
benefit Turkey by abet aining as much as possible from
mixing in the wretched diplomatic intrigues and
cabal' of Pen, and by discouraging to the utmost of
Its power these fracasseries on the part of other
Powers. There are two great means by which this ob-
ject may be promoted. The one is the judicious choice
of a Minister to represent this country at the Porte ;
the other is an immediate and radical reform of our
Consular establishments in the Levant. On both of
these subjects we shall have more to say hereafter;
for the present it is sufficient to have indicated them
in general terms.

We perceive that the same Glasser politicians wlo
are mourning over what they are pleased to =spider
the premature cessation of the horrors of war, insist
upon finding some deeper motive in this magnificent
review of our naval power than the natural and
obvious desire of the Qum of ENGLAND to do
homage to the naval genies of her people, and to
gratify the professiosal feelings of English seamen,
by witnessing in person a consummate display
of their refessional skill on a scale of unexampled
magnificence. Bo natural a solution of a very natural
and graceful set—an act prompted by that flue and
true instinct of greatly seizing great occasions, which
it is no flattery of Queen VICTORIA to say has, in
more than one instance, signally contributed to her
deserved popularity—lifer too simple for the mischief-
makers to whom we allude. According to them, this
display ache naval might of England was all got up
for the express purpose of producing an effect on the
other side of the Atlantic. Mean and ignoble sug-
gestion of mean and ignoble minds. The people
who dwell across those western waters are of other
mettle than to be cowed by menace, or awed by the
manifestation of force. Every Englishman knows
this who has ever heard of such a chapter in history
as the War of American Independence. But the
imputation is a mere baseless chimera—the
ignoble invention of those "Jefferson Bricks,"
whose industry as "war editors" is not confined
to the precincts of the Broadway. Beough, and more
than enough, of each malevolent absurdity as this.
The QUEEN of ENGLAND has passed in review the
Navy of England, because she, like the rest of her
people, honours and loves a service connected with
such great memories In the past, such stable presage
for the fature—a service inseparably intertwined with
the affections of the nation, and which has certainly
not diminished its hold upon the popular sympathies
by the results of a day henceforth destined to be so
memorable among the records of its peaceful triumphs
as the 23rd of April, 18543.

BREWERS AND PUBLICANS.-11 appears, from a
return lathed this morning, that between October 10, 1864,
and October 10, 1865, there were in England sad Wales
2,290 liethsed brewer., and 62,128 licensed victualler', of
whom 23,317 brewed their own beer, besides 40,179 persons
Hemmed to sell beer to be drunk on the premises, of whom
12,761 brewed their own ►eer, sad 2,837 peewee licensed to
sell beer not ta be drunk on the premises, of whom 733
weirs their own brewer. Daring the ease period there
IMO it flatland, 120 browses and 12,977 v:ctaallers, of
mimes only 137 brewed their own beer; while in
bang ems were 104 brewers, and 16,781 victualler",
ask mesomed i• this interval by the brewers of
Ragland and Wales sw.unted to 18,781,606 bushels; by
the victuallers, to 8,838,818 bishels ; by persons licensed to
sell beer to be druk on the premises, to 2,763,948 ; and by
persons lie•rsed to sell beer not to be drunk on the pre-
mises, to 284,219. Is Beetled the consumption by the
brewers was 797,889 bushels; sod by the victuallers,
121,027 Mahe's; sad in Ireland by the brewers, 1,376,148
bushels.

A ronvai spectacle has never stirred the heart of
a great people than that which was yesterday pre-
sented to the sons and daughters of Nogland on the
beautiful waters of the Solent. Under the serenest
of skies and on the calmest of seas the most magnifi-
cent Navy which the world has ever beheld displayed
the miracles of its might with the unerring precision
of a machine and the easy grace of irresistible
strength. Everything conspired to give the highest
possible effect to the transcendent seem The day
was we of the Quazies own—the sus was bril-
liant, the breeze moderate: set a single man.
alty occurred to mar the festal splendour of
the great celebration. There are moments in
that day which will be ever living epochs
in the memories of all who were fortunate mouth to
be partakers in its glories. When from that vast
fleet, which for eight miles cumbered the nu, an

DAT.)—
Tho committee on the Local Charges es Shippieg sad
Mestere sad Operatives Committee (Equitable Councils a
Coseitietion is matters of dieted.), resumed their labours
this morefes. Tao &leer and 0.1.1 Wares Committee alto
met to day, for the rupees of atesidorisig their ■srort.

GLOBE NUMMI COMPLNE.—(IIiIa DAY.)-Th•
easel pry prietsry awning of this company was held
this 'Perusal, at the once la Oswaldl4 bat riparian
were not a !initial, aad we aro Sheraton usable to give any
aeroaat of the pressedisp.