The Express.
London, England, 1859-10-06 00:00:00

LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 6. 1859.

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CHINA.

THE PEIHO AFFAIR.—OFFICIAL
DESPATCHES.
A supplement to the Logsdon Gazette, issued lest
sight, °patents the official correspondence between
{he Hon. F. W. A. Btnoe, her Majesty's Envoy
Extraordinary and Mildew Plenipotentiary to
China, and the Chinos authorities I also wits the
Earl of Malmesbnry and Lord John Emma

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Mr. Banat went oat to China in the character of
Her Munn's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
PluipOtentiary in Marsh of this present year, ex-
pressly charged to exchange at Pekin the ratifica-
tions of the treaty of Ilen-tale. The British Govern-
ment, as clearly appears from a despatch frem Lord
MALKESBUIT,fuIIy expected that every device would
be employed to throw °boucles in the way of the
Envoy 'di arrival at Pekin, but does not appear to
have apprehended that his advance would be re-
sisted with violeace. Tbe route by which be wee to
advance to the ospital,was prescribed to him. He
wu to premed to tke mouth of the Ptah° with "a
•• sufficient naval force," and he was told it was de-

amble that he should reach Tien-tsin in a British

ship of war, some soy unforeeson circumstances
should appear to mans another arrangement desir-
able'. We may notice kw*, that before biasing China
the Batt of ELotte bad arranited with Sir ?dictum,
the sassaiares whisk.
oy is tar as Tien-

should mart her

tarn on his way to Pekia to euchring* the ratifica-
tions of the Treaty. It appears to have been taken foe
granted on all hands that the Minister must proceed by
that way to the capital. During the war Bir MICHAEL
Santora visited Tien-tain, with the Coromandel
and four gunboats, and Lord ELGIN, with the
French, Russian, and American Ministers, anchorld
on the 30th of May, 1858, in the heart of the
suburbs of the city, and it was the &rivulet routs to
Pekin. Returning to Mr. Bnuce's instructions, it
was further more duly impressed ou him that the
character given to his mission on this occasion
would be appealed to on future visits of the QUEEN'S
Representative a Pekin, and he was warned to bear
himself with referee°e to that consideration.

Mr. BRUCE found on his arrival at Hoog Kong
that the Chinese Commissioners, who had been
urged by the British authorities in China to hasten to
Pekin and make preparations for the reception of our
Envoy in the capital, lingered suspiciously in the
neighbourhood of Shanghai. In a conference held
between Mr. BRUCK, General STRAURENZEE, and
Rear-Admiral HOPS, at Hong Kong, in April last,
it wee agreed that the Chinese would not concede the
objects of the mission without a powerful demonstra-
tion of force at the mouth of the Paiho River ; and
Rear-Admiral HOPE then stated that his instructions
onniemplated the escort of the Minister by en "ice-
" posing force." It is somewhat at variance with
these instructions that we find that directly
after this conference the Admiralty alarmed
Mr. Baucs with a proposition to reduce the
British naval force on the China station.
The proposition, however, was resisted, and Mr.
Baucs sent to KWEILIANO, at Shanghai, en intima-
tion of hie arrival, explaining the character he bore,
pointing out the necessity ha was tinder of proceed-
ing at once to Pekin to present his credentials, noti-
fying his intention to proceed by ship to Tien-
tsin, and requiring provision for his mutable recep-
tion. Arrived at Shanghai, the Envoy found three
letters from the Chinese Commissioners. The latter

proposed that Kr. BIM; instead of going to the
north, should remain at Shanghai, and discuss with
them various details connected with the execution
of the Treaty. It wee now the 14* of June,
and the exchange of ratifioations was to take place,
according to the terms of the Treaty, on the 26th
of the same month. The contents and obvious drift
of the letters were not such as to make delay de-
sirable. The Commissioners fixed on three important

points of the Treaty, and endeavoured to obtain the
acquiescence of the Envoy in an interpretation which
would have rendered the instrument, the only fruit
of the war, all but worthless. Admission into Pekin
had been stipulated as a positive right, to be exer-
cised absolutely at the discretion of the British
Government. The Commissioners, on the other'
hand, maintained that the visit to Pekin on this
occasion to exchange courtesies and treaties was
exceptional, and that when it was over there was to
be no permanent residence in the capital, bat some
other place was to be chosen where the Minister
should reside. Our ulterior and contingent right
to navigate the Yangtze River was evaded in a
similar manner. The right of our merchants
to enter the interior, following their mer-
chandise, wu in like manner assailed,
and it was pretended that a system of pass-
ports, which would have enabled the Chinese
authorities most effectually to exclude traders was
necessary for the public security. Other dilatory
and trivial objections to the advance of the Envoy
were raised. An exchange of treaties, he wu in-
formed, was a grave matter, not to be hurried over. If
Mr. BRUCE took the direct route he would arrive at

~.. ---- --
Tien-tain before the Commissioners, for it was their
bounden duty to travel by the land route, which
would take them two months. They would be sorry
to keep him waiting so long at Tien-sin, where the
hest is excessive ; and they strongly recommended
him to wait patiently at Shanghai, and talk over
matters at leisure. .

It will be seen that the old spirit of jealousy and
isolation wee active. The questions of ceremonial,
upon which the Commissioners desired to enter,
would have involved interminable references to
Pekin, and the execution of the Treaty would have
been postponed indefinitely. Mr. BRUCE refused to
be the dupe of these clumsy devices. lie briefly re-
plied that, so far as depended on him, no stipulation
of the Treaty should be violated; that, as the
Treaty admitted of no alteration or modification, he
could not allow the period fixed for the
exchange to be made dependent on arrange-
ments for carrying its details into execution.
He regretted that he was met, not as he had a right
to expect, with a cordial and frank invitation to the
capital, but with delays and hesitations, ill-oalou-
lated to cement a good understanding, but declared
that he would not swerve in the least from the worm
be had laid down. He was resolved to proceed
forthwith to Pekin, there to exchange the ratifier
tion of the Treaty, and to deliver in person the letter
to the EMPEROR entrusted to him by the QUEEN,
nor would he quit the capitol until satisfied that
effect would be given, without reserve, to every
provision of the Treaty of Tien-tsin ; and under these
circumstances he must positively decline any inter-
view with them at Shanghai. He would proceed
to Pekin without delay ; and he warned KwEILIANO
that he should insist on a reception befitting the
dignity of the nation he represented.
Three days having been suffered by the Commis-
sioners to expire without any notice taken of this
communication, Mr. Blocs upon deliberation came
to the conclusion that, regrettable ea were the diffi-
culties that might arise, he could not depart from
the programme he had laid down on his arrival at
Shanghai without encouraging the Chinese Govern-
meat in the hope that they might still succeed in
giving • degrading character to his mission. He,
therefore, instructed Admiral HOPE to proceed to
the mouths of the Peiho, notify the approach of
the Ministers of England and France to the com-
mander of the forts, and inquire whether orders had
been given to facilitate their progress toTien-twin. The
Takeo forts are within 48 hours' communication
with Pekin; Admiral Hors's mission was there-
fore an opportunity given the Imperial Government
to repair the neglect of the Commissioners. Early
on the morning of the 13th of June, five days after
the date of Mr. BlitlCE'll warning to the emmio•
Moneta, and two days after Admiral HOPE had boon
instructed to proosed to the Takeo forts, the
Commimioners forwarded a note, in which they
acknowledged the propriety of proceeding to the
exchange of ratifications without delay, declared