The Express.
London, England, 1866-11-27 00:00:00

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LONDON, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 27.

Now that the Hungarian Diet is again in session
we shall soon learn whether the Austrian Govern-
ment has been instructed by the lessons of the
expiring year, or is capable of repeating at Pesth
the errors of last December. An opportunity, pos-
sibly the last that may ever be presented, is now
offered to it of cancelling the disastrous effects of
the policy which under various forms it pursued
from 1849 to 1865. M. DEAK is reported to
have expressed a more favourable opinion of
the new Royal Rescript than might have
been expected, as containing a recognition of
national right such as the Diet may accept
as a basis fur negotiation. This conci-
liatory disposition of tho great leader is
understood to have somewhat diminished
his parliamentary following, by alienating
from him some members of the Extreme Left ;
but M. DEAK Still commands a majority in the
Diet, and if the subsequent conduct of the Govern-
ment should not belie his hopes, he may reasonably
expect to effect a reconciliation between the
Crown and the long-estranged people. For this
purpose, however, it is absolutely necessary that
in his dealings with the Hungarians FRANCIS
JOSEPH should display two qualities which have
not uniformly been conspicuous in his public acts.
A year ago the KING had brought himself to
make very large concessions to his Hungarian
people nothing less than a complete surrender of
the doctrine so savagely maintained by the BACKS
and SCHWARTZENBLEGS, that the ancient con-
stitutional rights of Hungary had been com-
pletely forfeited by revolution, and the acknow-
ledgment of the contr.try one of the " continuity
" of the national right," which the Hungarians

had not ceased to assert in the darkest hour of their
misfortunes. But this very important concession
was neutralized, and became valueless, through the
awkwardness of the Royal Ministers. Instead of
making it the basis of a scheme of reconciliation,
and laying a developed plan before the Diet, they
left that body to shape out such a scheme. This
abnegation of their proper functions had the con-
sequence that might have been expected. Pre-
cious time was wasted, and the negotiations were
protracted until the Austrian monarchy was over-
taken by external dangers, and the EMPEROR and
his Ministers were compelled to withdraw from
their unaccomplished task, and give all their atten-
tion to foreign and military affairs. If Hungary
had only been reconciled and satisfied in
1865, the battle of Sadowa might not have
been the decisive overthrow it proved.
Certainly if the Emperor of AI:STRIA could have
fallen back upon the kingdom of Hungary, and
had the support of a free Parliament and a loyal
people, ho might have compelled Prussia to
make peace on terms very different from those
which were signed at Prague. It is not too late
for the advisers of the EMPEROR to lay these
things to heart, and reflect on the advantages
they lost by the dilatory and indecisive character
of their policy last year. On the contrary, the cir-
cumstances in which they are once more placed are
such as to make the lesson appropriate and frui;.-
ful. No one can tell how soon Hungary may
again become the turning point of the military
fortunes of Austria, but it is well known at
Vienna that it would be most unsafe to
neglect any precaution which may strengthen
the empire. The Austrian Government is
now proceeding to a complete reorganization of
the army, involving changes in the obligations of
military service such as will be found most
onerous to the subject, and must prove imprac-
ticable unless aided by an accompanying strong
development of national sentiment. The
period of liability to military service is to be
lengthened, and a number of exemptions

hitherto recognized are to be abolished.
Inasmuch as these changes cannot be effected
without much trouble, besides involving the Go-
vernment in great unpopularity, it may be pre-
sumed they are necessary. But the EMPKBAMeS
advisers have found out by this time that a mere
mechanical army, built up by organization and
discipline, will not suffice for its wants, pressed
upon as it is by States in which the impulses of
national life are quick and vigorous. The enor-
mous number of Austrian soldiers who allowed
themselves to be made prisoners in Bohemia
show§ that where patriotism does not coincf:lo With
Inilitary duty it may be possible to have too many
,soldiers. The military resources of Hungary would
bo of incalculable value to the Austrian Govern-
ment if it could realise them ; but they can
only be fully developed by the free public opinion
and the national Diet of Hungary. The question
is whether the Government accepts all the conse-
quences of this fact, of which it cannot be ignorant.