The Express.
London, England, 1860-08-14 00:00:00

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LONDON, TUESDAY, AUGUST 14.

Tile House of Commons has been engaged in
an interesting operation. Our debt on account of
India, which for the last twelvemonth has been
represented by the jagged figures97,B6l,Bo7L, was
last night raised to • round 100,000,0001. Most
persona will think this is pretty well for a depen-
dency ; but we were always courageous debtors.
On the 30th of April, 1857, we owed on account
of India 59,000,0001., the interest payable on
which was little more than half a million. We
have since added 41,500,000/. to the debt,
and raised its annual charge to 4,611,0001.
This has been done at a time of external
peace, when we were neither engaged in foreign
war, nor had to defend ourselves against foreign
aggression. Sir CHARLES Woo') last night went
over the heads of Indian expenditure, bewailed its
growth, enforced the necessity of throwing the
Government of India upon its own resources, and
ended of course by opening a credit for it in the home
market. How could he do otherwise when he had
justified the growth of Indian expenditure, and
contended that it was incapable of reduction to the
level of Indian income I Sir Cetanes showed
that you cannot reduce the civil, political, and
judicial charges, nor the interest on railways, nor
the army expenditure below a point which will
leave it more costly than before the mutiny ;
and as for the interest on the debt, it was his
especial business to increase that.
For the year 1860-61, supposing that no more
taxes were to be imposed, and assuming the recent
increase of revenue to be sustained, there would
be a deficit of 6,011,0001. But new taxes have
been imposed, of an amount and nature to try the
strength and firmness of the Indian Government
to the utmost. It is not, however, expected that
more than 1,000,0001. will be raised in the year for
which provision is now made, so that the new
loan of three millions does not profess to cover
the actual deficiency, although practically it may
suffice for the wants of the Government. Sir
CHARLES WOOD held out the hope that at the end
of the year 1861.62 expenditure and revenue may
be brought to a level, and that in three or four
years ordinary expenditure may be met byordinary
income. But we fail to discover the grounds of
this expectation. The whole system of expendi-
ture in India appears to have received an impulse.
In private life we see every day that there is
nothing like debt to foster extravagance, and it is
equally true in public administration. Under the
pressure of some great emergency, the scale
of expenditure is suddenly and boldly expanded,
and it lea not long been in exercise before it be-
comes normal, and the wants of the service adjust
themselves to it. The time has surely come when,
if ever, that economy which will ever be one of
that first virtues of a government standing
in the peculiar relation we occupy towards
the people of India should be enforced.
In the words of Sir CHARLES TRIVELYAN,
" Formerly, with the revenue of rather more than
" half of India, we had to provide for the mill-
" tary protection of the whole of India, under
" conditious which were peculiarly burdensome ;
" now, with two-thirds of the revenue of India,
" we are left to choose our own method of mill-
" tary administration. The Sepoy army of Upper
" India, which continued the old scale of expentli-
" lure after the occasion for it had ceased, has
" dissolved itself. Both in our foreign and do-
" mastic relations, we are now our own masters.
" India is at our disposal as it never see before,
" and we ought to do our utmost to profit by it
" before the opportunity has passed."
Sir Climax-1 Wool) made some very judicious
observations lest night on the necessity of
throwing the Goveniment of India on its
own resounsea, and said truly that the fact
that it was responsible for the fivances of
India would be the greatest inducement for its
members to practise that economy for which
they had not hitherto bees distinguished. These
are admirable maxims ; but how are they recon-
cilable with the imposition epee India of a costly
military organisation against tit.. deliberate judg-
ment of the l:evEitmes•GtmeitAL I And how is it

to lie eepected that economy wilt prevail in
India when the Government of that dependency
is pennatted to develop its establishments
according to its own fancy, and then send home
the deficit to he made good in the Honk, of Com-
mons by a loan f The great want of India is good
administration. We are making new taxes, and
all the while, by the testimony of the highest
Miklos of the Government, existing taxes ere not
half collected.
Tlft 1 of t 'ominous, which is found so con-
venient foi authorising the increase of Indian debt,
is powerless to effect any of those administrative
reforms which would develop the resources of
that empire, while increasing the happiruss of our
fellow-subjects. But it may insist on the applha-
tem of Sir Cuaat.as and give the
Indian Government to under...buil practically that
it atm look to India and no.. to England for the
hada with which to govern that country.