The Express.
London, England, 1856-01-10 00:00:00

"IL—Taz DANIISZ.

"The freedom of the Danube and of the months of
the river shall be elleacionsly assured by the Widnes*
of Raropean international law, in which the con-
tracting Power, shall be eqsally represented t exempt-
ing the private positions of lords of the soil on the
banks, which will be regulated upon the principles
established respecting river navigation by the treaty
of the Congress of Vienna. each of the contracting
Powers shall have the right to station one or two
light vessels at the months of the river, in order to
insure the anemia of the regulations relative to
the kudos of the Danube.

um.-SLAG[ BEA

"This sea shall be opened to sterehant vessels t
closed to alp of war. Coesequatly naval arsenals
shall neither be sweated nor preserved. The protection
of the seeniesrelal anal saddles laureate at all nations
shall be amend in the respective ports in the Black
Bea by the

of institutes conformed to
internationial law and anoint usages in this matter.
The two nowise powers mattrally sogegs to keep up
may the number of light meals, of a stipalated
erne* neesseary fee the coasting menial. This
denintles, nessinded separately between the two
Power% slain germ a pert ea an appendix et the
enamel treaty after having bssa approved of by the
mistreating perties. This separate sonvattion shall
neither be annulled nor modified without tie ammo
of the subscribers to the general treaty. The dein
dee straits shall admit an exception la favour of
tim stationary vessels mentioned in the primate
NW&

N N.—Cauimic SMUTS 01 TEI PORT&

• The insanities of the Itsyah subjoins of the
Porte shall be established without injury to the in-
depend's,' or the dignity of the Sultan's crown. Bose
deliberatioos are taking place between Austria,

Francs, Great britais, and Sublime Porta, to.
order to assure to the Christian ',bleats of the Salton
their religions and political rights, and Russia shall
be invited, on the onelssion of prase, to associate
herself with thew.

ii V.—Tho bolliproat powers mum the rights
which below to them to goodoos, is the interest of
Bosom sous special oostlitioos bookies the foot
parsatsss.•

The madaeatal joaraale Melia* to the opinion that
Karin hae Misted the above propoutioas, bat, at
the same time, bee made overture• for farther liege-
dation.

DESPATCH FROM PRINCE GORTCHAILM
THE CAVALRY ENGAGEMENT NEAR
BERME.

The becaiide Rem of lan. 1 publishes en extract
from Prince Gortehakoff 's journal, extending froze
Dee. 6to Des. 16. The only points of interest are
the pertionlers of an excursion node by a Russian
caw at night into a portion of the city of Sebas-
topol occupied by the Allies, end the following se-
coast of the engsgeonsat with Anglo-Tarkish ca-
valry near Lorick (deeceibed by our own correspond-
ent in a letter printed in yesterday's Express):

As mgormost of osystry ink plan is Ms 16th, um
Kassel, bemoan brown of Ms AnglaTooldols beim sad
ammo Commas of SIM oomblmosi roglimat of Tollsomomoolm.

Tim commander of Ibis reglimai, Lieut.-Wesel !Waal
harts. leaned Met a &thalami of Tarkieb Gantry MI
left Kerte& for the pupate of foraging fa tb direr*. of
the villages of Dore and Nebo Beim ordered Emir'
Tolstoi to tabs sixty Ceareke of kis sotais, sad wet.►
then, mates the latter Ism to be at the was tbso sap.
ported by all Mats of Iformteal-Bbelest.

=ripa TIMM, esiessusisi s stress sgsadres et rope
lar Turkish amity sou Ratak fell bask slowly spes the
village tlestemellhea, eitehregles sheet eel* the mammy.
At the letter pies' he wesJeised by the amok et Irseemiel-
libelist, hot the two eseablasi ask lalmise is smooch to
the soney, they eestbssol a Mira stop by step, thus
estielsi the Tyke, Is a .Mawr saw, a distaste et men
the■ eight vents. At Ski jeastun Liestesast•Oelesel
bievieg the village et £z 1. with the net of ►M
males, sheered Mussel' la the dimes's, sad Brigs TIMM
mid the Iressesol-ilholset, wiliest Mapping estil he sum
up, threw themselves tospitsemly apes the enemy's
olsedies, the letter &Aloe hewer/ le met them

Tb. Maks bums Wiwi; the Turks heght QIN TS.
gemsly, bet is. MM. saemy's Alma beim weeaded,
ewe, hem the Add of buds, serl eb Basilek same oem
smadies the mewirea bent grievously weeaded by •
phosi Met hem liatigu Tokeral, sM baying bees wade prl
seam, the meow took M eight. Wavle( two is hag as
the Lid sad sighty-twe weeaded. Lina,Celeasl Mask'
sirloin at this moment, puma the gamey op to the
rankles K lisgher (tea masts hem Lerters), awl took fee
mere prisms's. Ws led ks this alhir es. sersemasis-
shawl Whim kale& sal aim Oemeeks mamba.

OMER PACRAIS RETREAT.

WZDIIMBOLY.

Medal reports hom Maeda mamas, that
Omar Pasha has rotmatsd with his Mho army to
Rsdost K.

His troop Wired mph fres the iseleueent w...
they. Our detachments, laelediag the Hippsllea
militia, greatly hasped the rear el the Torkhih army.

The Nemo Military Ossedie leans from its aoe-
napoadaat at Redoat Lad' that the Talks there
an usable to aosesaisatt► with Swaim' Kaiak by
had.

The reigaisi Duke of Ileze•Ceberg-Oothe has
eseepted the Presideasy ef ea lesasatiea he the relief d
Wend emedieme eai wises.

QUR ARMY IN THE CRIMEA.

(MOM OCR SPECIAL

CAMP, SEBASTOPOL, Dia 28.

TYe• is very little of interest to eanmunicate from
this put of the seat of war by the present mail. In
addition to the coatirmation of the former intelligence
respecting the fall of Kars, we now bear that the
Russian forces have archived to intercept Omer
Pacha's communications with the coast. The Otto•
man Generalissimo is said to be in difficulties, unable
to advance, or to fall back, without great hacud, and
to have applied to the Allies for assistance. There
was a rumour yesterday in camp that • fora WS
about to be detached to Asia for the purpose of is
having the Turkish troops; but to-day we hear that
the only troops likely to be sent with this object, argil
a portion of the Turkish Contingent, previously des-1
I tined to 00-operats in that quarter.

The weather has continued very mild since the last
mail left, until to-day, when the frost has again been
severe. Chriatinse-day, like that of last year, was
bright, dry, and sunny, with an atmosphere as re-
uplendeat as it was exhilarating. In all parts of the
c►mp, from the head-quarters of the Commander-in-
Chief to the ►uts of the private soldiers, Christmas
parties were assembled, and the usual fare of the sea-
son abounded. It is satisfactory, too, to be able to
say that, although there was plenty of merriment,
there appeared to be very little SIMS ; for in the
various camps there was lees noise, and less evidence
of intoxication, than occurred on several omissions
a math or six weeks ego. The rations
issued to the men continue to be exoel-
lent in quality and sufficient in quantity.
The advantages which have accrued from the atten-
tion paid to this subject, as well as to the clothing,
are nowhere more apparent than in the appearance
presented by the greater number of the recruits and
young soldiers, sent to reinforce the older regiments
in the muss tithe autumn. Thies young men are
not only, as a general rule, in robust health, but are
rapidly gaining sturdy frames and vigorous constitu-
tions, which will oasis them, on the return of spring,
to be no trifling opponents in the face of the enemy.
They feel the benefit of escaping from the crowded
towns to which many of them have been habituated in
England; and now that the duties are light, diet and
shelter good, they have scarcely anything hostile to
health to contend against, but the mischief arising
from the temptations to intoxication. It is to be
deplored that so little recreation is to be got by the
men, excepting what is &and in the canteen. The
regimental hospitals are nowhere crowded. and what
sick there are are repotted to be suffering only from
snob ailments as are usually met with at this season
in England.
It is stated in camp that some Russian and Sar-
dinian pickets came into collision on the evening
of the 26th instant, but the particulars we not
known. The enemy is apparently very busy in the
Maoksnitie heights. increasing the defames. A large
body of troop ma be seen to be working at the
sammit of the ridge, near to which the main road
leaves the Tobernaya valley, and winds to ascend
toward Mad:se:Ws farm. They seem to be throw-
ing up a square redoubt in this potation. There ham
not been any sleekening of the tin from the north
side. On CheihLaarday and evening the discharge
d shot and shell was remarkably ootatintione. No
gas 'nosed fire from the math side. The Russians
are closely watched, for is some of the bays across
the roadstead a large number of rafts and small
boat@ can be NM lying alongside the shore. They
may be curious to and out why the Fneek batteries
have ceased their fire. Should they come across for
the rupees of discovering, they will find a fitting
reception.

DESPATCHES PROW GENERAL ER W.
CODEINGTON AND LIEUT..OEN. VIVIAN.

WAIL DIMILRTMENT, JAN. 9.
Lord Penmen has this day received two despatches,
of which the following are copies, eddrewed to his
lordship by O.IIIIMI 8w W. Codriegton, 1LC.11., and
Lieutenant-Om& Vivian :

Sebastopol. Deo. 27.
My Lord,—Your lordship km referred is amoral
despatches to dmakenesse la this array. Reports of
all sorts ems to have hem simulated, statements
read,desoriptiess made, until it was apparently be-
lieved that this army was composed of drunkards,
and immersed in riot and vise.

I took the efezpreedeg arpeUetreagly
to year that ity
Me wosM prove set to be the
truth.

laow state, in aneflanation of thin opinion. that
returns are is my pommies from every regiment of
all ours of denalcsunses tried by Cast Martial, as
well as those settled at the nemesia orderly rooms
'for three months.' It was daring this time that
larrears of field allowance, awe than 21. each man,
wore received sa back pay, besides 10,000 men re-
ceiving additional working pay ; and yet the result
is that, including artillery, sappers, and infantry, the
number of crimes of dcentiens (and than an many
more than the sews drunk) is a little above ono man
in two days pre company, estimated at 100 mu.
No doubt there are may fasilitise in all this. epos'
sad crowded camps, for 11111111 MB MU to get is with-
out being men. isy
_de oat and map observation.
Bat Bopp', we Mails es INN, the assunt of
these numbers—whish arie takes from Atoka ratans

--and I awed- tbs army will bear s comparison
with many towns, =ay villager, many populations
of Groat Britain.

It is easy to give—it is 'fumy to read—a minute,
a ludicrous, or even a filthy description of a drunken
man, and it seems seized upon as the tips of the
whole. The fathers, and mothers, and wives, and
sisters in England, are fully persuaded we do nothing
bet drink, and the good character of the army is for-
gotten in a few sketches from nature.
That such need not be the case with those who
know anything shoat the matter, will, I think, be
proved by the statement now made to your lord-
ship.—l ham, Sta.
W. J. CODRINOTON, Guard Commanding.
The Lord Peasant, &o.
Headquiten, Kirsch, Dee. 21.
My Leed,—l have with meth regret to report to
you the death of Captain R. 8. Sherwood, of the
cavalry of this force.
This sneer was engaged to a skirmish. that took
place on the 16th instant, between a debeehment of
sir cavalry and a party of Beesiaa wally his gal-
lantry in this affair was most esneyieues, as is re-
ported to me by the came who summeded the de-
taameaL Captain Sherwood wee severely mended,
and was earried off by the Rnesiams; and, as I have
since learnt, died en the 79th from his wounds.

Tduipio;; war as and
promg run calor.
lis reams to believe that the treatment he
resolved from the Hessians wee met humane and
ecesiderate. —I have, Ste.,
R. J. H. VIVIAN,
Lieut.-General, Commending Turkish Contingent.
The Right. Has. the Seeretery of State,
War Deportment.
• Fe dentsesbur, Oneber. sad November.

DENMARK.
The Pea pablishee the Mewing despatch t
" HAMBURG, Jai. 9.
44 The Denieh geverusest. la a eirerder addressed
to the various &reps= States, mews tlis &mime-
tic, in virtu el whisk it pulite in sostinufng its
position as a mural Power, and &ethics to adroit
that it is baud La any way by the treaty eouladed
an the Kist of Number between Sweden and the
Western POIPOW

THB TURKISH ARMY IN ASIA MINOR.

TREBIZOND, Dec. 22. '
Our Turkish friends in this city are just beginning
to believe that Kars% no longer the property of the
Ottoman empire. For a long time after the news of
its surrender was fully confirmed they shook their
heads, gave that peculiar smack of the lips which can
after great practice be imitated but never described,
and declared the ill-omened intelligence to be the
work of the unbelievers. Among the most obstinately
incredulous was Bossier hishomet Fiche, the new
governor of Trebizond, but he has lately been con-
vinced by incontrovertible evidence. He happened
to be at the house of the English consul when Dr.
Saudwith, lately on the staff of General Williams,
entered. Dr. Ssndwith is the first arrival here
from the ill-fated ci'y. His liberty having
been given to him by General Monravieff
in consequence of the great kindness and
attention he had paid to the wounded Russians after
the snoomsful repulse, he lett Kars on its being sur-
rendered, and crossed the country to Mitotic°, whence
a steamer brought him here. On the way he lost all
that he possessed, and very nearly his life, in a snow
drift, in which his servant, a Turk, unfortunately met
his death. He managed to enlist the sympathies of a
native, who furnished him with some clothes, which
gave him an appearance highly picturesque, if not
pleasant.
It will be very interesting to learn—and the ques-
tion is one which must very soon be answered—why
Kars was left for six months in • state of siege un-
assisted, whilst Selim Paths lay at Erzeroam, bat a
few days' march, with a large force, constantly pro-
mising but never affording help. Back apparently
strange movements have been made in the present war,
that one does not care to peae • hasty judgment upon
one who is considered • highly competent gene-
ral ; but still the question naturally forces itself
upon every one, Why did not Omer Pada, when he
brought his army from the Crimea, land it at Trebi-
zond, and thence by way of Erzeroum lend a timely
aid to a city crying so long for "relief"? Why
should he have chosen the vague and nucertain course
of a chance diversion by disembarking at Boukkom
Kaleh and advancing in the direction of Tiflis ?
Until the last few days it was scarcely possible to
imagine, from the placid appearance of this town,
that a bloody war was raging at a few hours' distance.
An occasional transport arriving from Redoubt Kaleb,
and lying lazily in the bay till such time as the au-
thorities would quietly charge it with provisions, or
perhaps a Turkish man-of-war, without any guns,
dawdling at its anchorage because the captain's &ima-
ms& prognosticated a storm on the following day, was
the oily evidence of the existence of a large army in
the neighbourhood. But times are changed. Now
that Kars is lost troops are appearing daily in
niasses—just as I remember observing, with some
imminent, 6,000 Turks arrive in hot haste at the
scene of action of the " Tchernaya" exactly as the
last shot was fired.

The Colombo mane in a few days since with
Egyptian troop, from Espatoria, and was followed by
the Simoom, the Tynemouth, and some others, all
with crowded decks from the same place. The Simoom
left again to-day, to bring a further reinforcement.
At the present moment num vessels are in the bay
pitching and tossing about, for the weather is rough
and a heavy swell is rolling in shore. Unfortunately
this is mealy the worst season for landing here, and
now it is often to be accomplished only with some
amount of danger. I saw yesterday two soldiers
heavily laden with knapsack and musket, whilst
being shifted from one boat to another, suddenly dis-
appear in the water se a huge swelling wave sepa-
rated the two boats. Luckily they were seised
hold of es they reappeared, and thus escaped with a
severs drenching.
The destination of these troops is at present un-
known. The lateness of the season, and the conse-
quent depth of snow lying on the roads between
Erseroem end Hare, render it highly improbable that
any attempt will be made to regain the latter place
this year. There is no doubt, however, that early
next spring the campaign will commence with an
attack upon Ears, and the mast reasonable conclusion
is that these troops, and more which are expected
daily, will winter at Trebixond and in the neigh-
bouring towns, so is to be on the spot to take ad-
vantage of the breaking of the weather. It is
rumoured about the town that no lees than 30,000
seen will be accumulated here in the war,' of a few
days. If so, considerable energy will be required to
till so many =oaths, as we are by no means over-
stocked with provisions. The country around has
been tolerably well drained to supply the Allies in
the Crimes. The price of all kinds of food is high,
and there is great distress among the poorer
inhabitants.

The experiment made by the British government
to introduce into the Turkish army something like
humanity in their treatment of the sick and wouoded
is now being tried here. Mr. Farqnhar, the Acting In-
speetoeof Hospitals, arrived here from Soukkum Kaleb
in the beginning of November, charged by Omer Paella
with the immediate preparation of a hospital. He
has at present with him only a small portion of his
Staff, consisting of Messes. Sozzled, Pout, and Ed-
sell, surgeons ; Mews. Balding and Skinner, dressers ;
and Mr. Smith, dispenser. The remainder are either
in the field with Omer Pacha or at Sinop*, where
another hospital is being established. The quaran-
tine establishment, which during war time is no
burger tenanted, was chosen, and workmen were im-
mediately instructed to make the necessary altera-
tions and repairs. The absence of anything like
scientific workmen in this city is so complete that
the English doctors, waiving for the time their
professional capacities, acted as architects, sur-
veyors, builders, &c. Whilst one devoted
his energies to the erection of a bath-hones,
aoothn superintended with a vigilant eye the con-
version of magazines into wards for the sick ;
a third, the arrangement of huge boilers with their
furnaces ; a fourth, the preparation of bedding, &o.
With this infusion of British energy the works pro.
grassed marvellously, to the great astonishment of all
true believers, and in less than a month, when some
three hundred Tunisians arrived front Batonm, they
found a hospital prepared for their receptioc,rough ilia
true, but much more comfortable than anything they
had ever seen before. The coed ition of these poor fellows
was perfectly appalling. The Turkish soldiers are
wonderfully smart when screwed with their Arabic
friends. At first sight they looked like mere bundles
of brown dirty rags, and then forcibly reminded one
of the starving inhabitants of some villages in the
south-west of Ireland as seen during the last famine.
A Tunisian officer informed me that of more than
10,000 of these troops who were at Branum in the
early part of summer, less than 3,000 are now alive ;
the remainder have fallen victims to ague, fever, and
d ysen tery.
On the 2nd of this month the Stella arrived from
Constantinople with Turkish troops on board, en route
for Erzerosen. Cholera had appeared amongst them,
and twenty or thirty cases were immediately ad-
mitted into the hospitaL Fortunately the disease
did not spread in the town. A few days since an-
other batch of sick Tunisians, about four hundred in
number, arrived from Batoueo, so that the medical
staff have now, I think, no reason to complain of
want of employment.
News from the front, which is however not recent,
on account of the late tempestuous weather having
stopped communication, describes Omer Pacha as in
full retreat upon Sough-idi on the Ingour, and the
road* between that place and Redoubt Hsieh are said
to be Winked up with wow. If this be true the
expedition is of course over for the winter, and if
the relief of Lire was its object, it has turned oat an
utter failure.

Report mays that Omer Nobs, with a portion of
his array, is likely to winter hers.

Tho Loudon oorroopoodoot of Le Nord to bine-
tattle. to that journal as analysis of the toms epos which
tle Allies ate ready to make posse (SIIIM IS smother
seisms) states that the doesneat itself was is hie hash fo►
a shut tisas, sad that he was allowed to take a espy of it.

~
Oa the first representation of a new pies* by hi.
Almada Dame, at the Pert* St. Martin, ea Saturday
evoniag, the Meade of *at prolific slather pave him a W-
eald's.* ovation, sad erieepelled bias to or.. upon the
Map to niters the patilleutiea of the audiesee.

The Ililonia of Milan, of the 29th ult., states that
the provisions of tin Conardat wan applied be be lint
tins at 11111•• •• trio prnediag day. whoa Um jailbird
authorities referred a ten, la whisk • ptiest yes esunned.
M the iodise elf the Asehbiehep.