The Express.
London, England, 1860-08-01 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY

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S=OOND.HAND PIANOFORTES.
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SWEET FIIMIGATION.—PIESSE and
&mars *MON el 11117016.-11. I New .at the
lanw alma es It maalden • animal vapour wit ileetato the air.
awash karatecath's atily ase la • be• Plateeed at Ilk
nosione nan)—rertiosiry Yoder% liew issa4faest.

gee •nireos.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
titvortioastata intended for "TM RE. pnwt" tendon Snobs
finer, muot be at the office, 10, Bouvialeetreet, by Two
fidock on the day of publication.

!!A ridAF•i•rt

TO ER:PM, THL OViii.LAND RUUTL Messrs. Chippen-
dale, Cssaptea, Bnekstaos, and C. Mathews; Mrs. C. Mathews.
HIS EEC Ft titNCY. Mr. sad Mn. Charles Mathews. —And A
HUSW4D AT SKIRT. Mr. Campton; Mrs. L PltnrlWam

,RZNc,$.

Two 'Crown, TEE CORSICAN BBOTHER& Mears. Muria
O. Latrine. Meed/OWN, aad Orahala Mrall'etton —UNE VILLE
TERRIBLE. —AN AMBUSCADE AT INIKERMAN N. And
THRICE 3IAZEMN). Ma Carlotta Leelatop.—Commence at 7.

"RITAIIII4..

Tme EM MA, ivies HOMM. Mir Clara Bt. Cape Mr. J
Iterinokle —The great MACICNIThi Ids renowned ENTERTAI N.
MINT. —BAUM NT AND AGONIES: or, The Spectre Nun with
the Bleeding Deunnt.—Anel lAMB XIV. et THE ORGAN BOY.

RION Wall AT LONDON BEIDON
MIS DAT —Morale& lb. Ma.— Afternoon, 2b. Um.
To-molutow—Noralas, lb. Us— AftIIMOOD. lb. blok.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST L

Tun rude threat of sitting till Christmas is not
the only means employed by Government to force
some unripe fruit from • barren session. The
astuter members have discovered a more delicate
and more ingenious device. The time has been
that when a Bill was withdrawn the Bill was dead.
These annual Westminster vespers were supposed
to relieve friend and foe from all anxiety for the
slain victims. But now a Bill falls only to rise
again, and in the serene atmosphere of the House
of Lords it reappears freed from the earthly
particles of expediency which cumbered it in its
existence below—an essence now of pure prin-
ciple, new clothed and now named, ready to bless
and astonish mortals with its unlooked-for pre-
sence. It is no more than a few weeks since we
commented on a Bill in the House of Commons
affecting the Law of Divorce in England and Scot-
land. Its title—The Husband and Wife Relation
Law Amendment (Scotland, 1860) Bill—was not
attractive, nor peculiarly suggestive of its contents,
and the Bill itself seemed anxious to escape obser-
vation. It was brought in on the 2nd of April,
and not printed till the end of May. It was never
discussed, and soon noiselessly withdrawn. But
who would think that its spirit had only transmi-
grated into the Conjugal Rights (Scotland) Bill,
and that under that euphonious appellation it has
actually been introduced by the Loan Cns.eceLtori,
and read a second time, with great applause of
Law Lords, in the House of Peers f This sweetly-
sounding measure is, indeed, no other than the
withdrawn of the House of Commons, spite of the
new christening, and of certain changes, by no
means improvements, in some of the clauses, by
which England is most affected. On there we
must crave permission to make a few observa-
tions, leaving to our Scottish friends to settle, in
the way most agreeable to them, • frequent
haziness of legislative expression, which to the
English mind is startlingly suggestive of the most
interminable litigation.

We should, indeed, be the last to complain of I
any expedient for hastening legislation if it could
be hoped that the result would prove beneficial.
Nor, in the early shape which this measure
assumed, were there wanting grounds for the ex-
pectation that a little care might elaborate it into
a great, as it is a greatly needed, reform of the
law. It proposed to remedy the scandalous con-
flict which has so long existed between the law of
England and Scotland on the subject of divorce.
Scottish divorces were to be recognised in Eng-
land ; but no Scottish divorce was to be pro-
nounced for the future except when the husband
was a domiciled Scotsman, or when the offence
had been committed in Scotland and the guilty
party was still resident there at the date of the
suit. But, as it is now altered, the domicile of
the husband is to form the sole ground of juris-
diction. Such a restriction would have been
at least consistent in the days when on no ground
whatever could any court in England decree a
divorce. But at the present time it is a retro-
grade step in our legislation. In the list of legal
doctrines that act most harshly and unjustly there
stands pre-eminent the rule that the husband's
domicile is the wife's domicile. In this matter of
divorce it enables the guilty husband to interpose
at pleasure an insurmountable barrier against
punishment. He has only to leave the country
with his mistress, with the avowed intention of re-
siding for the future in Scotland, in Ireland, or
abroad, and he is beyond Sir Cazsawmt CRESS-
% ELL's reach. He may live in infamy on his
wife's fortune—the fact itself of his abandoning
her has changed his domicile and hors, and
she can have no relief. Against so cruel
an injustice the courts struggle by refine-
ments. In two cases lately the Court
of Divorce has sustained the rule almost
to breaking in the desire to evade sanction-
ing so obvious a wrong. It might have been ex-
pected
that Parliament would have come to the
aid of the judge, and abolished a rule no longer
defensible in principle, and operating so much in-
justice in practice. At least it might have been
expected, now that divorce is as attainable in Eng-
land as in Scotland, that these countries would no
longer be accounted foreign to each other, and that
the courts of either might be permitted to give
the common remedy for an offence committed within
its own jurisdiction. So far as thoy could the Scot-
tish Court& have, indeed, always given remedy in such
cases, though with incomplete effect, because their
decrees were valid only on their own aide of the
border. But, instead of adding strength and uni•
formity to so just and necessary a principle, the
LORD ADVOCATE and the LORD CHANCELLOR seek to
eradicate it altogether. In Scotland as in England
domicile is by the new Bill to be the only ground
of jurisdiction of the Courts of Divorce. tiahap-
pily, domicile is, of all legal questions, that which
is in honest cases the most difficult of decision,
and in dishonest cases the most open to successful
feigning. It involves intention, and to prove
intention the acts and language of a lifetime are
admissible. There are no suits so tedious, so
expensive, and so doubtful as those in which domi-
cile is an element. On the other hand, there is
nothing which can for a purpose be more easily
and rapidly effected than a change of domicile. If
domicile is to rule divorce the LORD CHANCELLOR
will undoubtedly in practice repeal the measure
which in principle he opposed. Henceforth no
husband, who condescends and is rich enough to
use the ordinary precautions which his lawyer will
advise, nei.d fear divorce at the hands of his wife.
Adultery, cruelty, bigamy, the grossest of imagina-
ble crimes, • ill signify nothing if he only buys an,

estate in Scotland, and spends a due proportion of
his time in that country• Neither Soottish nor
English courts will then be able to free Lis un-
happy wife from the chain by which she is bound
to

While it is in this respect so materially altered
for the worse, the Bill still retains the two most
objectionable provisions to which we formerly
drew attention. In both it introduces a discre-
pancy between the law of England and that of
Scotland which does not now exist, and for which
no excuse has been attempted. It makes illegal,
by indirect but efficacious means, a marriage be-
tween a woman divorced in Soothuid and her
paramour. Such marriages, void by the letter of
a statute, are now validly contracted through an
evasion of the statute. If it be judged proper to
prevent the evasion, let it be done openly. Let
us know that a new variance in the law is created,
and that marriages legal in England, are in Scot-
land and as regards the Scottish inheritance of
English parties to be viewed as persistent adul-
tery. On the other point to which we have
referred we find no such indirectness. The
enjoyment by a husband of his wife's real
estate after her death, which now in
both countries, in the absence of settlements,
depends on the birth of an heir, is in Scotland
to be freed from that restriction. This is perhaps
but a slight additional inducement to a needy man
to procure his marriage, without settlements, to
an heiress ; but we may be permitted to ask why
it is offered. What eminent lawyers have de-
nounced the injustice of the present law I—what
meetings have been held, what petitions presented
for its alteration I Nay, to leave authority out of
the question, and to overlook the fact that the bar
of Scotland has unanimously opposed the change,
let us simply be content to have the reasons of the
learned personages by whom it is proposed. If
they will give us neither reason nor authority,
shall we be unreasonable if, remembering that a
most important Astute respecting marriage was
once panned to meet the private convenience of
one exalted individual, we inquire who it is for
whose special advantage this alteration in our
jurisprudence is intended t Or are we, on a review
of the whole subject, without warrant in saying that
a measure with provisions calling at the least for so
careful consideration, and so much needing an ex-
planation which has not yet been afforded, and a
discussion which appears to be evaded, is not one
which Government ought by unusual and unex-
pected means to seek to hurry through Parliament
in the last weeks of a protracted session ?

LETTER OF THE EMPEROR
NAPOLEON ON HIS POLICY
TOWARDS ENGLAND.

The following is the letter from the Emperor
Napoleon to the Ambassador of France, to which
Lord John Russell last night referred in the
House of Commons :

BT. CLOUD, JULY 25, 1860.

My dear Panigny,—Affairs appear to me to be so
complicated—thanks to the mistrust excited everywhere
since the war in Italy—that I write to you in the hope that
• conversation, in perfect frankness, with Lord Palmerston
will remedy the existing evil. Lord Palmerston knows
me, and when I affirm a thing he will believe me. Well,
you can tell him from me, in the most explicit manner,
that since the peace of Villafranca I have hail but one
thought, one object—to inaugurate a new era of peace, and
to live on the best terms with all my neighbours, and espe.
daily with England. I hail renounced Savoy and Nice ; the
extraordinary additions to Piedmont alone mused me to
resume the desire to see reunited to France provinces essen-
tially French. But it will be objected, " You wish for
peace, and you increase, immoderately, the military forces
of France." I deny the fact in every eonse. My army wad
my fleet have in them nothing of a threatening character.
My steam navy is even far from being adequate to our
requirements, and the number of steamer,, does not nearly
equal that of sailing ships deemed necessary in the time of
King Louis Philippe. I have 400,000 men under arms ; but
deduct from this amount 60,000 in Algeria, 6,000 at Rome,
8,000 in China, 20,000 gendarmes, the sick, and the
new conscripts, and you will see—what Is the truth—
that my regiments are of smaller effective strength
than during the preceding reign. The only addition to
the army list has been made by the creation of the Imperial
Guard. Moreover, while wishing for peace, I desire elm to
organise the forces of the country on the beet possible foot-
ing, for, if foreigners have only seen the bright aide of the
last war, I myself, close at hand, have witnessed the de-
fects, and 1 wish to remedy them. Having said thus
much, I have, since Villafranca, neither done, nor even
thought, anything which could alarm anyone. When
Lavalette started for Constantinople, the instructions which
I gave him were confined to this—" Use every effort to
anaintain the data, quo ; the interest of France is that
Turkey should live as loug as possible."
Now,then, occur the massacres in Syria, and it is asserted
that I am very glad to find a new occasion of making a
little war, or of playing a new part. Really, people give
me credit for very little comma sense. If I instantly pro-
posed an expedition, it was bemuse my feelings were those
of the people which has put me at its head, and the intel-
ligence from Syria transported me with indignation. My
first thought, nevertheless, was to come to an understand-
ing with England. Whatotherinterest than thatof humanity
meld induce me to send troops into that country ? Could it be
that the possession of it would increase my strength T Can
I conceal from myself that Algeria, note ithstaniling its
future advactagee, is a source of weakness to France, which
for thirty yams has devoted to it the purest of its blood
and its gold? I said it in 1862 at Bordeaux, and my opinion
is still the same—l have great conquests to make, but only
in France. Her interior organisation, her moral develop-
ment, the increase of her resources, have still inunetuie pro-
gress to make. There a field exists vast enough fur my am-
bition and sufficient to satisfy it.
It was slitßeult fur me to come to an underst►nding with
England on the subject of Central Italy, because I was
bound by the peace of Villafranca. As to Southeru Italy,
lam free from engagements, and I ask no better than a
concert with England on this point, as on others ; but, in
Heaven's name, let the eminent men who arc placed at the
head of the English government lay aside petty jealousies
and unjust mistrusts.
Let us understand one ►nether in good faith, like honest
men as we are, and not like thieves who desire to cheat
each other.

To sum up, this is my innermost thought. I desire
that Italy should obtain peace, no matter how, but with-
out foreign intervention, and that my troops should be
able tk quit Rome without compromising the security
of the Pope. I could very much wish nut to be obliged
to undertake the Syrian expedition, and, in any case,
not to undertake it alone ; firstly, because it will be a
great expense ; and, secondly, because I fear that this
intervention may involve the Eastern question ; bat,
on the other hand, I do not see how to resist public
opinion in my country, which will never understand that
we can leave unpunished, not only the massacre of Chris-
tians, but the burning of our consulates, the insult to our
flag, and the pillage of the monasteries which were under
our protection.
I have told you all I think, without disguising or omit-
ting anything. Make what use you may think advisable
of my letter.—Believe in my sincere friendship.

NAPOLEOX.

The Phare de la Loire says that a convention has
been signed between France and England for the emigration
of 6,000 coolies to the Isle of Reunion. The management
of the recruiting will be entrusted to a French house at
Calcutta. This arrangement has been brought about by
the exertioas of 31. Indians, the Wuzion delegate.
The Great Eastern is announced to leave for
England on the 16th of August, touching at Halifax on the
way. She was to take a three days' trip to Cape May. It
Is anticipated that she will come back a full ship. The
directors are said to be quite satisfied with the reception the
vowel has met with.

EVENING, AITGITSTI

Ebe Court.
osmium JULY 31.
The Qum end Prince Consort, accompanied by
Prison Mies and Princess Helena, rods en horseback yew
terday. Colonel the Hoe. A. Hardinge attended.
The Prince Consort, attended by Colonel the Hon. Sb
C. B. Phipps sad Colonel the Hon. A. Hardinge, went to
the Wellington College this morning.
Her Majesty drove to West Cowes sad visited Princess
Leiningen.
Mr. Ryder, of the firm of Landon and Ryder, 17, New
Bond-street, had the honour of submitting their Goodwood
Cup to the Prince Cowart.
A deputation from Leeds, consisting of Mr. William
Beckett, Mr. Edward Baines, M.P., Mr. G. S. Beecnit,
M.P., Sir Peter Fairbairn, and Mr. Pickering, secretary of
the Leeds Mechanics' Institution and Literary Society, had
an interview with Lord Palmerston yesterday, to invite his
lordship to preside at a soiree of the above institution in
October next. Lord Palmerston accepted the invitation.
A meeting of the Finance Committee of the Royal Com.
mission for the Exhibition of 18M was held yesterday at
the Privy Council-office. There were present Earl Gran-
ville (chairman), Sir Alexander Spearman, Bart. ; Mr.
Thomas Baring, M.P. ; Mr. W. Coulson, Q.C. ; Mr. T. F.
Gibson, and Mr. Edgar Bowring (secretary).
Mr. H. It. Williams. financial officer, attended.
Despatches were sent yeaterday from the Colonial-office
to the Governor of Canada and to the Lord High Commis-
sioner of the lonian Islands.

SOUTHAMPTON, TUESDAY,—Hie Royal Highness
the Prince Consort, accompanied by his Royal Ingham
Prince Arthur, and attended by Colonel the Hon. Sir
Charles Phipps, Colonel the Hon. A. }lathing', and Lient.
Elphinstoue, R.E., leaded in the Docks this morning from
Osborne in the royal yacht Fairy, Hon. Captain Denman,
en route for Farnborough station, from thence to attend it
meeting of the council of Wellington College. Their Royal
Highnesses were received on landing by Mr. P. Hedger and
Mr. John Levy; principal officers of the docks, on the part
of the dock company, and Mr. R. Bench was in attendance
on the part of the South Western Railway Company. The
state carriage was brought alongside the dock quay. The
dock steps and causeway were covered with scarlet cloth.
His Royal Highneas returns at five o'clock this afternoon for
Osborne.

His Highness the Prince Poniatowski and the
Marquis of Gaviria have left the Brunswick Hotel, Jermyn-
street, for the Isle of Wight.

The Couutess of Euston, accompanied by Miss
Raikee, has arrived in town from s tour in Germany.

Lord and Lady Wensleydale have returned to
their residence, Park+treat, from York.

The Prince and Princess de Joinville, with their
family and a numerous suite, arrived at Ostend yestenlay
on the route to Switzerland by Cologne.
Sir James Hudson, the British Ambassador at
Turin, entertained the Neapolitan envoys, MM. Manna and
Winspeare, at his table on the Nth ult. Among the guests
were Count Cavour and the members of the diplomatic
body. On the following day the same envoys dined with
Count Brassier de St. Simon, the Prussian Minister. It is
stated that M. Winapeare will replace M. Canolari as Nea-
politan Minister at Turin.
In the House of Lords, on Friday, the Lord
Privy Seal (the Duke of Argyll) will move—" That as re-
gards the Senior Member of Council (India) Bill, inasmuch
as doubts as to the authority of the senior member of the
council of the governor-geoeral of India in the absence of
the president appointed by the governor-general have re-
cently arisen, and unless at once set at rest might embarrass
the proceedings of the council and produce serious public
inconvenience ; the circumstances which require legislation
on this subject appear to this house to be of such real
urgency as to render the immediate consideration of the
same necessary." The noble duke will then move the second
reading of the bill.

On Monday Mr. Puller intends to move as an
amendment to the resolution proposed by the Chancellor
of the Exchequer for reducing the duty on books and paper
imported from France and Algeria :—" That, without
desiring to prejudice the question of a reduction at a future
period of the Customs duty on French books and paper,
this committee does not think fit at present to went to
such reduction."

Sir Francis Baring will ask the Secretary to the
Admiralty, on Friday, what course the Admiralty intend to
pursue respecting the superanouation of the dockyard
labourers on the establishment ; and will call the attention
of the house to their case.

On Friday Mr. Gregaon will ark the Chancellor
of the Exchequer if the two millions of taels on account of
losses sustained by British subjects, and the further sum of
two millions of Mel, on account of the expenses of the war, as
stipulated for by the treaty of Tien-sin, be in the course of
payment ; and call the attention of the Chanoellor of the
Exchequer to the increased ability of China to pay a pecu-
niary Indemnity.

Sir George Bowyer to-morrow will ask the Secre-
tory of State for Foreign Affairs whether government have
remind any information that the inhabitants of Melina re-
sisted the attack of the revolutionary troops, and that Gari-
baldi, having taken possession, punished with death thirty-
nine of the inhabitant* for having fought against him, and
in defence of the rights of their sovereign.

"Travelling on Saturday ," writes a correspondent,
"from Leeds to Scarborough, and when within some ten
miles of the queen of English watering places, I noticed
what I suspect that respected authority the oldest inha-
bitant' will pronounce unprecedented. Several fields were
white over with snow. There was no mistake about it—it
lay almost ankle deep in some parta, the banks of the rail-
way were covered, and, if the driver bad pulled up, the
passengers might easily have turned out and indulged to
their heart's content in snowballing each other. Snow on
the vergo of harvest—such a fact I think is worth a line."
. .

A Neapolitan correspondent of the Presse, deriving
his information from a traveller who arrived from Malta on
the 24th ult., says that the story of the murder of the famous
police agent Campagna is not true. Campagna was merely
frightened by sonic English wags. After being driven from
one hotel to another, he took a lodging in a private house,
but as soon as he opened the window be saw guns levelled
at him from the houses opposite, and, being schooled in the
ways of the Neapolitan police,he supposed they were pointed
in earnest. When ►fterwards he appeared in the streets he
was hooted, and, although he ultimately got away to Corfu,
his character had preceded him, and he there met with
similar annoyances.

RELIEF TO THE SICK AND WOUNDED OF GAIII-
DALDes CAMP.—The Indite Garibaldi Benevolent Aims
elation, established for the relief of the sick and wounded,
widows and orphans of Garibaldi's heroic followers, and of
the sufferers at Palermo and other places, are using the
funds placed at their disposal by the British public in the
most effective manner. There are names connected with
the association, especially one, that of Miss Florence Night-
ingale, as well as the lady president, the Countess of
Shaftesbury, the Hon. Mrs. Cowper, and numbers of other
ladies, whose untiring exertions during the Crimean war in
forwarding. in addition to the government supplies, such
comforts is in • far-off land soothed the pains of the
wounded, and rendered lees poignant the end of those who
died in that country in the defence of liberty, who
deserve to rank with those whose bravery so nobly upheld
the honour of England. Various meetings have taken place
to consider the best mode to be adopted to curry out the
benevolent object of the usocietion, and it has been deter-
mined nut only to forward money to the gallant general for
his distribution (none of which is to be applied to warlike
purposes), but also the requisite medicines and necessary
comforts for the sick. The most prominent amongst these
are no less than El spacious and airy of the most improved
hospital tents, which were forwarded yesterday from
B. Edgington's, of Duke-street, London-bridge, to Liverpool,
to be despatched by the queen of England, which will
immediately proceed fur Genoa, and will also convey
arms, ammunition, sad other stores to the gallant liberator
of Sicily.
FOREIGN Ornea, JCLY 28.—The Queen has
been pleased to approve of Mr. Adolph Schliistein as Consul
at Melbourne for-the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen.
WAR-OFFIcE, JULY 30.—The Queen has been
graciously pleased to give orders for the appointment of
Colonel Richard Dcuis Kelly, C. 8., of the ;Nth Regiment,
to bean ordinary memeer of the Military Division of the
Second-due, or KnighteCommanders, of the Most Honour.
able Order of the Beth.—GoatU.
WHITEHALL, JULY .30.—The Queen has been
pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great
Seal, appointing Sir WJlamJarline, Bart.,Williani Joshua
Ffennell, Eiq., and George Kettilby Rickards, Esq., to be
her Majesty's Commissioners to Inquire into the Salmon
Fisheries of England and Wales, with the view of increasing
the supply of a valuable article of food for the benefit of the
public.—GaraUs.