The Express.
London, England, 1860-08-13 00:00:00

LATEST FROM NEW YORE

AUGUST 1.
The flour market is buoyant, and quotations have ad-
vanced sc. Wheat is also arm, and lc. higher. Indian
corn has risen in. The provision market is steady.
NEW ORLEANS, JULY 31.
The sales of cotton during the hint three days amount to
2,500 baler ; middling 11c.

Canis son Avernaisa.—The Copenhagen, Cap-
tain Godfrey, belonging to Messrs. Dunbar, of London,
willed from Plymouth on Saturday for Melbourne. Besides
a full general cargo (1,600 tons) of British manufactured
goods, including a large quantity of gas apparatus and pipes,
she takes thirteen choice bulls, two cows, the entire blood-
horse Lion, worth about 300 f., a superior prise mare and
foal lately shown at the Royal Agricultural So-
ciety's Exhibition at Canterbury, • number of rants
and sheep, a pair of swans, a quantity of poultry.,
.&c.
Most of the bulls are of the Durham breed—one !Sake
Humphrey) is valued at 2001., and another, Prince of
Prussia, is worth double that sum. This ball won the
second prime at the lent Canterbury show, against Royal
Butterfly, brother to Master Butteelly, which was taken
out snooessfully bir Captain Godfrey, in 1857. The
&rallies, Captain 'Wright, also belonging to Messrs. Dun-
bar, left Plymouth on the Bth instant, with 287 government
emigrants for Adelaide. Three ships are hourly expectol—
viz., the Result, Captain Cow, belo • to Messrs. Green,
for Melbourne ; the Shah Johan, Go; with
government emigrants for Adelaide ; and the Lady mac.
denald, Captain Brumell, for Sydney.

..t
1860.
EXPRESS FIM PARIS.
(FROM MOM OORRESPONDMIT.)

PARIS, SUNDAY EVZNINO.
When I began to read the long article in the
Moniker, and saw it stated that in the early days
of the present regime it was necessary that "the
powers invested with the initiative" should corns
prominently forward, and that " short-sighted
minds" did not perceive the importance and utility
of the part assigned by the constitution to the
Corps Legislatif, I really thought that the imperial
edifice was going to be "crowned." But, reading
on, I found that the two columns are mainly filled
by extracts from the government bills which the
Corps Legislatif have duly voted during the peat
' session, and by euloginms upon the conception and
practical working of the French legislative body.
No improvement, no change is foreshadowed ; it
seems, on the contrary, to be anticipated that this
model mechanism, "now that the necessary impul-
sion has been given," will go on working in the
most regular and satisfactory manner. By way of
illustration, it is stated that in the conree of the
recent session "the most conflicting opinions were
stated with as much energy as liberty." It is
material, however, to remember that the laws
which govern the debates of the Corps Legislatif
are precisely the same as those originally enacted
after the coup d'etat. The government cannot
logically boast of any additional facilities for free-
dom of speech, without admitting that in former
years there was illegal pressure to enforce silence.
There are two facts stated in the article, the rela-
tive importance of which I frankly admit.
The first is that out of 207 amendments
proposed by members of the Chamber, 123
were adopted by the Council of State ; the other
is that the committee on the budget struck off five
millions of francs from the estimated expenses.
These are undoubtedly symptoms that the Corps
Legislatif so far reflects the feeling of the country
as to have commenced a struggle for a larger share
in the conduct of public affairs than it has hitherto
exercised.

An unusual degree of interest is taken in the
forthcoming municipal elections. Efforts are
making on a scale never before attempted to test
the oft-repeated protestations of the government,
that the elections are really free, and to show prac-
tically that universal suffrage is something more
than the right of the multitude to do as they are
bid. Five members of the Paris bar—MM. Drdo,
Ernest Hamel., Durier, Floquet, and Clamageran—
have jointly published a manual of electoral
law (in a brief and cheap pamphlet) for
the guidanoe of the electors, and MM. Dufaure,
Plocque, Marie, Cremieux, Senard, Emile 011ivier,
Jules Fevre, Picard, and other first class advocates, I
have vouched for the soundness of the legal opinions
expressed in the work. In this simple pamphlet
the elector is informed of his own powers, and
warned against the manceuvree heretofore resorted
to in order to make him a blind instrument' in the
hands of authority. He is told that he is no way
bound to drop into the ballot-box the list of candi-
dates which the government is careful to furnish
him at the same time as his voting paper, that his
bulletin must be presented folded, and without any
exterior mark by which it might be recognised,
that it is illegal for any elector to tender an open
bulletin, and equally illegal for the president of a
polling booth to receive it open, that every elector
has a right to demand the annullation of any elec-
tion tainted with illegal practioea, and that the
mayors have no right to drop votes into the box
for absent electors as they very often have done.
A fire broke out on Thursday night in the
Emperor's barrack at the Chalons Camp, and very
near to the chamber in which the Imperial Prince
I was sleeping ; it was, however, soon got under, and
the child slept on unconscious of the danger which
ho escaped.
The Pays, by way of "latest news," promi-
nently reports a rumour that Count Cavour will
resign rather than accept M. Ratazzi for a
colleague.
A tourist, just arrived from the Grand Char-
treuse, tells me that last Thursday week the monks
were horribly scandalised by the fact of a lady
having, contrary to all regulations' obtained
admission to the monastery, and passed the night
therein. The fair intrude; an inhabitant of
Valence, dressed herself in men's clothes and
passed in with a party of gentlemen. In the
morning she recorded the triumph of her curiosity
by carving her name and address in the door of the
oell in which she slept. The Duchess de Berry
was the heroine of a similar adventure some years
ago, but ,there has been no instance of the kind
since.

A major and lieutenant of gendarmerie—consi-
dering themselves, as officers are sometimes apt to
do, entitled to set at nought social rules by which
ordinary citizens are bound—have just met with a
well-merited punishment from the Minister at
War. These gentlemen insisted upon smoking in
a railway carriage, and insulted a fellow-passenger
who reminded them of the regulations. They are
now publicly reprimanded and placed under arrest :
the major for fifteen days, and the lieutenant for a
week.

The Moniteur of to-day publishes a decree fixing
the interest of the BOSS de Trieor for five months
at 14 per cent., and for one year at 2 per cent.
The Moniteur also announces that on Friday
night a fire broke out at the barracks of the Em-
peror at the camp of Chalons, near the room of
the Imperial Prince. The fire was promptly sub-
dued, and the Prinoe was not even awoke.
The Moniteur also publishes an article on the
labours of the legislative session, and states that
the trial made of the Imperial constitution has
been favourable. The coustitution of France can
bear a comparison with the moat vaunted organi-
sation.

ITALY.

SARDINIA.

(FROM ♦ COI

TURIN, Auover R.

Bertani, the Genoese physician, Garibaldi's inti-
mate friend and lieutenant, left behind to pro-
' vide him with an army, means of transport, arms,
ammunition, and accoutrements, has been for the
last three months a thorn in the side of European
diplomacy, and a source of difficulties for the go-
vernment. Together with the committee of arms
at Milan and the National Society at Turin be col-
lected money, he enlisted men, he granted officers
patents, and carried out the arrangements of the
Sicilian expeditions. The council of the committee
of arms, however, as well as that of the National
Society, was composed of men more or less depen-
i dent upon the government, safe, and anxious to
comply with the desires of the cabinet ; but
Bertani at Genoa, belonging to the oppo-
sition, and, in his character of a member of
the Italian parliament, beyond the reach of the
police, escaped the control of the ministers, and
became soon more important than either the com-
mittee or the society. The revolutionary elements
from all Europe flocked to him, and he continued
to organise the expeditions when the National
-Society had shut its enlisting office at Turin, after
La Farina s expulsion from Sicily. His office at

Genoa was iu fact an imperium in imperie, and
he further increased the difficulties of the
Cabinet, which was hard pressed by diplomacy to put
an end to this abnormal state of things, by often de-
claring in the papers that he alone was the depository
of Garibaldi's ultimate plans, whilst the Dictator,
avoiding any communication with Count Cavour
and even with Farini, stood in direct communica-
tion with the King, writing to him lettere, aid
sending messages by his aules-ae-camp. General
Turr and the Marque; of Trecohi went from Gari-
baldi's headquarters straight to the royal palace,
and returned as mysteriously as they had come.
Bertani, at Genoa, received instructions which re.
mained a secret to the ministers ; and it :teenier'
indeed that the government had abdicated its func-
tions as regards its relations with Southern Italy.
At last the expedition to Umbria and the Marches
was set on foot by the Genoese physician, and now
the cabinet resolved not to tolerate any longer this
state of things, but to make a last effort
either to come to an understanding with the
Garibaldians, or if this should not succeed, to stop
their proceedings by force, and to resign if the King
should refuse his authorisation to such a step.
With such views Farini went to Genoa, and not
only arranged satisfactorily all the difficulties of the
Roman expedition, which was at once abandoned,
but he induced even Bertani to shut up his office
and to go to Sicily. This night the indefatigable
friend of the Dictator leaves Genoa with one of the
last expeditions, only General Tarr being left be-
hind in Lombardy to collect one thousand volun-
teers, who sail on Tuesday for Messina, to be
followed by two more expeditions, and thus the
first phew of Garibaldi's enterprise closes.
His army numbers now about 40,000 men
of whom about 25,000 are Italian volunteers, a force
too large for the financial resources of Sicily under the
present circumstances, and sufficient both to defend
the island against any unexpected attack, and to in-
vade the Neapolitan mainland with every probabi-
lity of success. King Francis 11. has indeed 80,000
men in the field to oppose the Dictator, and among
them about 12,000 foreigners—Swiss and Austrians,
who will fight as valiantly as professional hirelings
usually do. Still the fleet and the population of the
capital are favourable to Garibaldi ; the government
powerless, the King completely helpless. Lamori-
cibre, well aware of this miserable condition of Naples,
has ade a plan of ciztinniafor the Neapolitans,
and proposes even to to his army with the
royal troops, and to take the chief command. We
do not know as yet how this proposition has been
received by Francis 11., but should he accept it,
and dismiss his constitutional ministry, then the
Turin cabinet is resolved not to allow Lamoricihre's
foreigners to intervene at Naples, and by open
force to put an end to the disguised Austrian inter-
vention, since it is well known that the Austrian
battalions at Borne and Naples amount to above
20,000 men ; and Cavour excused the con-
nivance of the government as regards the ex-
peditions on behalf of Sicily solely by the
Austrian enlisting offices for the Pope and
King liombino, which sent the recruits—in fact,
Austrian veterans who bad tweed their time in the
army—regularly by the mail packet twice a week to
Ancona and Manfredonia. It is now a great ques-
tion whether Austria, especially after the inter-
views with the Prince of Prussia and the King of
Bavaria, will quietly allow the remainder of Italy
to be united under the sceptre of Victor Emmanuel,
whilst all the papers of the Peninsula openly advo-
cate a war on behalf of Venetia in the coming
spring, that is to say, as soon as the Neapolitan
and Garibaldian forces are welded together, with
the old Piedmontese troops, into one powerful
Italian army. The peace of Europe hangs upon a
very slender thread, but as to the unity and rege-
neration of Italy there can scarcely be any further
doubt ; they are insured by Garibaldi's gallantry
by Cavour 's statesmanship, by the King's loyal
adherence to the constitution, and by the faith
which the nation puts in Garibaldi, Cavour, and
Victor Emmanuel

SICILY.

(nox oux snow. ow

MEMINA, Aucoarr 4.

Wonders here follow wonders with almost in-
credible rapidity. A few days ago it was the victory
of Melazzo, and the triumphant entry of Garibaldi
into the city. To-day it is the unexpected capitu-
lation proposed by the Neapolitan General Clary,
and accepted by the great Italian Dictator. By
virtue of this capitulation, the forte of the Light-
house, as well as those of Conzaga and San Salva-
tore have been handed over to Garibaldi, with
guns and ammunition. Syracuse and Agate
have been also evacuated by the troops of the
King, and have recognised the authority of
Victor Emmanuel in the person of his niter ego.
It is true that the actual citadel of this town still
remains in the hands of the Neapolitans, but they
scarcely number 2,500 men, and are in a state of
complete demoralisation. This morning as I was
walking towards the citadel I heard that those
troops had mutinied during the night, fearing to be
shut up sine die. It is, therefore, easy to foresee
that the evacuation of this last stronghold of
Neapolitan despotism will be but a question of
' a few days. Garibaldi is collecting not only
an army but also a small navy, which
I have no doubt will prove very serviceable.
In addition to the six steamers he can now dispose
of, he has bought two larger ones which are ex-
pected here before the end of the month. It is,
therefore, likely he will not undertake any farther
military operations till then. Should, however,
events at Naples turn in favour of the national.
cause, you may depend upon it Garibaldi will go
forward in his usual way. That something of a
serious character is expected to take place there, I
infer from the fact that Count Fermi°,
the Sardinian admiral, ban received orders to
leave Palermo for Naples with the Carlo
Alberto and Maria Adelaide, screw frigates. The
Admiral is to leave the waters of Palermo either to-
night or to-morrow. In the meanwhile, money is
arriving every day, both here and at Palermo. Mr.
Ashurst has sent 2,5001., collected by Mr. Taylor
and other gentlemen of Glasgow and Liverpool.
Mr. Fabbricotti, the chairman of the Sicilian com-
mittee of London, has also sent a round sum of
money, and money is also daily coming in from
Dr. Bertani and the banker, Banana, from Genoa
and Milan. There is talk to-day of a loan
proposed to Garibaldi by a well-known London firm.
Meanwhile the organisation of the troops both here
and at Palermo is being carried on with an activity
which beats that of the Poles in 1830. Here at
Messina we have not less than 10,000 good fighting
men, and 3,000 more, I hear, are expected to-
morrow. The former are divided into the brigades
commanded by Generals Bixio, Medici, Eber, and
Coeenz. To the last-named brigade belongs the
small but gallant regiment of your countryman,
Colonel Dunne, who greatly distinguished himself
in the battle oiMelaszo.

The artillery is under the orders of a gallant
Sicilian officer, Colonel Scalia, who passed an
honoured exile of eleven years in London. This
young man has really done wonders. With the
small means he had at his disposal he contrived to
organise six field batteries in less than two months.
The secret of this almost incredible result lies chiefly
in the great influence Garibaldi's name exercises
over his companions in arms. Both the activity
and the intelligence of this Italian soldier are
powerfully felt everywhere, from the highest to
the lowest spheres of the military depart-
ment. Colonel Curti, another brave officer,
who was wounded at Melazzo, will arrive
here to-morrow, his wound being nearly
healed, which is unfortunately not the case with
poor Colonel Carrini, who was severely wounded
whilst making his entrance into Palermo. All
these noble-spirited men, under the command of
the gallant Dictator, are collected iu the city,
renewing the example of generous abnegation
shown by that first valiant band of " Cac-
ciatori delle Alpi," who disembarked at Marsala
and conquered at Calatafimi The public ought to
know that these officers are content to receive,
besides their rations, the sum of two francs a day
only, on account of their pay, leaving the remainder
(regulated according to the tariff of the Kingdom
of Italy) to be placed to their credit, and to be di.-
charged at some future time.
It is curious to see how great is the influx

of English volunteers into Garibaldi's eau"-
licaretly a steamer arrives, either here or at
Palermo, without some of your countrymen.
The majority of three generous fellows belong
of ',mote to the working-dames, but amongst them
are otticert who have seen service in the British
army, situdent+ from your universities, surgeons,
Cal men of independent mews. The day before
yesterday the City of Aberdeen, a large steamer,
hired or bought by the Dictator, had on board six
Englialigentlemen belonging to the last-mentioned
clam. They were all heartily welcomed by the
Gemini and have metered his army. A still more
curious fact ia that the eldest son of Prince
Caritii, formerly ambassador of his Neapolitan
Pdajtwty to the Court of St. James, has
enlisted in the national army. His example will
undoubtedly be followed by other noblemen and
ottieers, amid will produce • good effect, not only in
Italy, but in Europe generally.
1 have from good authority that either to-marrow
or the day after the Vice-Dictator Depretia will
promulgate the Piedmontese statute as the funda-
mental law of the island. A counsel of state will be
established and the Courts of law reorganised upon
the liberal principles which prevail in Sardinia.
The promulgation of the constitutional sfabdu will
be announced to the Sicilians by a manifesto, de-
claring the adherence of the Sicilian government to
the itolice of Victor Emmanuel and its firm faith
In the triumph of Italian political union. This
manifesto will be signed by Di-pretis and (iaribaldi's
touch-abused secretary, Cnspi.
You will no doubt remember that the Sicilian
tempers of 15110 were first rung from the tower of
Santa Maria degli Angeli, also calla! Della Mosel*.
It was there that the first resistance of the Paler-
mitana took plate, and there that the brutality of
the Neapolitan soldiery first appeared in all its
horrors. To immortalise the heroic resistance made
by the monks of that convent, the Minister of
War lies, by Garibahli's order, made a present of a
bell to the omvent, accompanying it with the fol-
lowing letter :
rvenuad rather,—lt 6 bet common justice that a last-
ing mesmerist stmeeld recall to the memory of the heroic
people of rehires* that plies which was the cradle of the
halasit liberty of Ilisily. It in far this name that, waxed-
ins weeders *wee by the °anent Dilatator, DOW dor yea
a bell, epos which will be suffused the year, the day, sad
the hour to which the bells of the Comment dells llamas
aemaed from their slumber the sees of Palermo, alit called
upon them to take up arms for the destractiou of an unbri-
dled aid buquitome tyransy. (Aligned) Owns.
To revert to military subjects, it is rumoured
that the Neapolitan forces which have lately left
Messiest are now being concentrated on the coast of
the mainland, and as General Lamoricire is at
pry-Neat with a large body of troops at Spoleto, I
think it by no means unlikely that the Neapolitan
government may be anxious to secure the co-opera-
tion of the French general in remitting any landing
upon the Calabrian coast attempted by Gene
Garibaldi himself, or by any other of the patriot
leaders. The Amphion has arrived in this port,
a circumstance which has greatly increased the con-
fidence of those British subjects who have any in-
terest in property either iu the town or the onvi-
roes, and which has given great satisfaction to the
Italians, who always welcome with joy the appear-
ance of the British flag hi these water,' ; indeed,
nothing can be more cordial than the good feeling
which on every occasion they testify for English-
men, whose warmest sympathy they well know they
possess. I hope by the time I next write to be
able to give you some highly interesting informa-
tion.