The Express.
London, England, 1860-08-13 00:00:00

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ILLITANNIA.

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LONDON, MONDAY, AUGUST 13.

TO-SIONT another Minister is to take up the
wondrous, ever lengthening tale of debt, deficiency,
and borrowing. This time it is Indian short-
comings, Indian loans, Indian taxation, that is to
be talked of. And let no English inoome-tax
payer turn away thinking that this dose not con-
cern him. It concerns him more than anybody :
far more than ryots and labourers of Bengal, who
are too numerous to be taxed to the point of dis-
content. The Administration of India is no
longer the affair of a parcel of trade,' : it has
become imperial. Its impulses are given from
England, as the European Forces Bill shows de-
nionstratively ; its indebtedness has also become
imperial, as every investor in the public funds
knows, without waiting for a law to recognise the
fact—a law which will inevitably be forthcoming
on the first occasion. It would be very odd if the
administration, imperialised in every other respect,
did not display an imperial extravagance. Our
readers need not fear that we are about to en-
tangle them in a detail of Indian finance. Were
it not so very unnecessary, we would rather
warn them against experimenting with the
fi,g-ircs of the Indian budget. When we find
the Governors of Bombay and Madras, and those
governors Lord ELPHINSTONE and Sir CHABLIS
TREVELTAN, alleged by Mr. WILSON to be out, to
the extent of half a million sterling, in calculating
the annual resources of the Indian Government,
the best way for the unofficial stayer at home is to
take the several results of Indian finance in the
shape of deficit and loans, and such items as are
striking from their magnitude and prominence.
Many, perhaps most Englishmen, suppose that
as the finances of India were deranged by the great
mutiny of the Bengal army, it is only necessary
to add up the loss and provide for the interest on
the stock which represents it, in order that they
may recover a state of regularity. This is
unhappily far from the fact. The chief in-
crease in our expenditure in India caused by the
mutiny was of course in the military depart-
inenta. In 1856-57 our total Indian expenditure
was 30,799,0001., in 1859-60 it was 41,770,0001.
But separating the military expenditure from that
for all other purposes, we find that in a period
of three years the expenditure for purposes other
than military has increased by the sum of
4,751,0001., having been 19,307,000/. in the first
and 24,058,0001. in the second of the above-named
years. The latter sum, however, includes the
compensation for losses in the mutiny, 1,000,0001.;
after deducting this, there is a net increase on the
ordinary general expenditure of 3,751,000!. Of
this net increase, more than half, namely,
2,278,0001., arises from the extension and multi•
plication of civil and political establishments and
judicial and police charges ; 792,0001. is
for interest of debt, an item which will figure at
1,000,0001. in the present and future yeers
170,0001. is for collection of revenue, and only
403/. for buildings, roads, and public works. It
will be observed that all this increase has grown up
ins period when every circumstance combined to
dictate and even enforce economy, when many of
the most important public works were suspended,
awl the strictest orders were given not to increase
the expenditure on education. The foregoing are
Indian accounts alone. But the Home charges of
the ludian Government have also increased very
largely. In 1856-57 they amounted to 2,682,0001.,
awl in the current year, 4,550,0001., an in-
crease of 1,868,000/. It is not to be supposed
that the productiveness of Indian revenue has
been such as to overtake this increase of ordinary
expenditure. It grew rapidly from 33,300,0001.
in 1856-07 to 37,706,000/. iu 1859-60, while, as
we have seen, expenditure was mounting up from
30,799,000!. to 41,770,000/. To cope with the
the latter, Mr. Witsosr is putting on new taxes
which appear to be the best that can be
levied, but the fruitlessness of which is pro-
blematicaL It is supposed that they may yield
4.000,0001., but, in the meantime, there is no
nncertainty about the actual deficit. Following
Ilion a deficiency of 7,000,0001. last year, we are
prepared by intelligence from Calcutta to expect a
deficit of 9,000,000!. in the current year.
The interesting part of Sir CIWILM4 Wooo's
sp-ech to-night, if it has any interesting part, will
1 e that in which he explains to a bewildered
English public how he expects to carry on the
ernnient of India. It is plain that the system
of loans must come to an end, if for no other
reason than that there will soon cease to be any
market ter Indian paper. That the resources of
India are enormous, that we have as yet basely
Perin to tax them, is the opinion of every expe-
rienced Indian statesman, and of many
whose opinion on the subject is more
valuable than that of statesmen. But everything
must have time to grow, always excepting Govern-
mental expenditure. We have seen that the
Indian civil charges alone ,luring a period of com-
parative parsimony increased four millions ster•
i
ling per annum n three years, and they will
inc ease with great rapidity. The Indian Govern-
meut itself, in official documenta, preparm the
public for such a result. The very development
of the country causes an increased demand for more
exteiriivecivil establishments, and the nncovelianted
serves is demanding and obtaining an enhanced
rate of pay. Public works and education
carrot alwavx remain at a stand-still, but s-ill
assert their claims with increasing force. Former
deficits have been excused by the wars by
which the empire was extended. But the era of
wars and annexations is past. This being so, we

ought to know why it is that the pennant. mili-
tary expenditure of India cannot be brediti back
to the standard of 1856-57. It is tiara we all
began to take an interest in Indian finance ; for
year by year we are mortgaging the freedom and
civilisation of three islands for the government of
that country.

AVID the apprehensions which are justly in-
spired by the state of the weather and the crops,
and which strengthen the probability of a disturb-
ance of the money market during the coming
autumn, it is satisfactory to notice indica-
tions warranting a belief that the general
trade of the country will continue steady
and prosperous. Although we shall probably
be obliged to import a good deal of corn, the
prices are not likely to rule high, owing to the
abundance of the supply in many of the principal
foreign markets. There will, therefore, be no
severe pressure upon the resources of the popula-
tion at home, such as would seriously diminish
their ability to consume other articles of comfort
and luxury. It is also observed, as a partial set-
off against the unfavourable tendency of the Indian
markets for our manufactures, that trade with
America is decidedly reviving. Any large orders
which we may be obliged to send to the United
States for food may, for a time, affect the specie
movement, but will ultimately be compensated to
a great extent by an exchange of manufactured
commodities. Even the contingency of a deficient
harvest will therefore not be without some
countervailing influence upon several important
branches of our home industry.
Perhaps one of the moat satisfactory points pre-
sented in the commercial reports received from the
provinces during the last week is the improvement
in the cotton market A decidedly increased de-
mand has sprung up, and, although it has been
partly on speculation, it has caused the week's
transactions to reach a larger aggregate than for a
long time past, and has led to a recovery of id.
to Id. per pound in the middling and lower qua-
lities of American. The stock is now 1,203,320
bales, against 633,760 at the corresponding period
of last year.

Industry in the manufacturing districts does not
appear to be lees fully employed than for some
time past, except at Nottingham, where distress
prevails amongst some of the operatives. Gene-
rally, however, trade is less active, and the dis-
piriting influence of the weather is much spoken of.
At Manchester the prices of cotton goods and yarn are
still against the producer, and it is observed that the
stocks of some fabrics suited to the Eastern mar-
kets are now increasing. Shippers to India can
only be tempted to operate by a decided concession
in price. The accounts from the woollen districts
report no briskness, but a fairly satisfactory state
of business. It is a significant sign that at the
Leeds warehouses the transactions for the home
trade have been almost exclusively in goods suited
to the winter season. At Huddersfield, business
is described as quiet, but prices are well supported.
At Rochdale, the flannel trade is active,•and, gene-
rally, "there is a good demand for woollens, as
" well for the foreign as the home markets" At
Bradford, the spinners of worsted yarns "con-
" tinue well engaged to order for export, on con-
" tracts made some weeks ago ;" but a number
of looms are stated to be standing idle. The trade
of the Birmingham district is described as flat ;
and some dulness likewise prevails at Wolver-
hampton ; but the accounts from the latter place
admit that " the home trade is not bad for the
" time of year ;" and the great iron-works appear
to be kept in full operation.

THE LATE REV. D. LAINO.

A correspondent writes to us as follows :—" The
death of this excellent clergyman, which you have already
chronicled as having occurred on Monday last, is an event
requiring something more than a simple record. Among all
the benefioent philanthropists of the present century now
perhaps has been more remarkable for activity and metal-
sem in his sphere. The religion of the deceased was
eminently practical, and, like his divine Master,
hs " went about doing good." He was one of
the chief promoters and advocates of the Governesses' Bene-
volent Institution ; and the friends of that charity will
recollect that when a testimonial amounting to several
hundred pounds had been subscribed as an acknowledgment

of the great services which he had rendered to it, Mr. loing,
instead of appropriating it to his own private adouttage,
invested the money in founding two additional annuities
for decayed governesses. As the incumbent of •
large church in Kentish-town, the deceased took
• prominent part in all the district charities tending to im-
prove the physical and moral condition of the poorer class
of the population. The poor sils found in him a sym-
pathising friend end a paternal benefactor, prompt at once
to mist them from his own resources and to call upon
the wealthy for such supplementary aid as the necessities
et the case required. To the came el female education mpg-
izesits beat forms, and with all the most modems
to aid it, Hr. Laing rendered the greatest
arnica. He was • sober
of the committee ofQueens
Whop, end he took • very aet ive part oleo in the
meat of the North Leaden Coate School fol:a=
Oacnrisa4trset, Candle-town, where, among 200
to the mid alb cheese of society, he won for
=fb,skidurstNis frequent visits, the most endearing and
dual aftertiom The lam of inch • man will be deeply felt
net east in that notablishreset, but in the north-weet &s-
-taid of Isaacs ganendly.
71da moraing the mortal remain, of the deceased
were removed been Um City, where be resided at the
time of his death, in masequesoe of his holding the rectory
of St. Cleve's, Hartoareet,to Trinity Church, Kentiah-tows,
preparatory to their interment. A large number of the
Inhabitants of the locality amembled at the latter place to
testify their neglect for the departed, and many of the
s
in the vicinity were Mosel The burial service was
nod owe o'clock in the church by the Rev. A. J. Bums,
and et tbe close of it a long procession was formed which
accompanied the beam to Highgate Cemetery, where the
body was interred amid the deep regrets, and, in many in-
stant:ea, the tears, of the imiltitude."

The Polynesian, a journal published at Honolulu,

announces that the young Prince of Hawaii has been
officially proclaimed heir to the throne. The King and
parliament have decided that each member of the House of
Assembly shall receive 110 dollars per amnion, that 1,000
dollars a year shall be the minimum property qualification
of each member, that the number of the Home of Nobles
shall not exceed ?A, and that the franchise doll be the
right of all males ►bove 20 years of age.

The Near York Herald of August 1 lays The
steamship Great &stern arrived at Cape May at y o'clock
yesterday morning. Great dimatisfaction prevailed among
the excursionists on board of her, owing to the many dis-
comforts they had to endure. There seem& to have been
but very insufficient prone son made for the comfort of the
passengers. The Great Easters was to leave on her figure
to New York at 6 o'clock last evening, and will probably
arrive here at about 6 o'clock this swain."
Tat Heavier tv Ammuce.—The New York
&kipping Lie, received by the mead this morning, says:—
" The weather is cool and agreeable. The fanners in all
this neighbourhood are busy barveseing, and a rich harvest
it will he Out Wen they are doing the some thin, with
like results. Throughout the South the prospect is not so
pleasing, owing to a long and unrelieved drought in may
sections."

Tae Eurrrames Limit. —The issapendance
Reg. soya :—"Though the Emperor's letter to COMA Per-
161°Y. being an entirely personal communica_tion, could not
receive a direct answer from the cabinet of London, it was
not poseible to ignore it altogether, and our London cone-
vonilent informs us that the difflen:tei has been solved by •
despatch which Lord John Buse in his capacity an
Minister for Foreign Affairs, add on Thursday last to
Lord Cowley on the subject of the imperial letter. At the
same time the contents of that letter have been the subject
of several conversations between Lord Palmerston and the
Fren,ll ambassador at London. Our correspondent confines
himself to stating that the result of this confidential ex-
change of riewi and opinions will be favourable, hut that its
I effect will not be felt till after the settlement of the affairs
of !southern Italy and the the French expedition in S accomplishment of the objects of
yria."