The Express.
London, England, 1859-09-16 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 16, 1860.

by the army, but by the public at home. The man
who endured it was thought to have richly damned
it. He was no martyr, but most properly punished.
Bach was the penal code of the day. Bet
foe the last thirty years public opinion hes
materially altered. So far bash es 1833 It wee fia.
poseible to Hog a soldier with the sanction of public
opinion. It is known that when the officers left the
barracks after a flogging they were hissed by
the populace and insulted. The man who
had suffered punishment, instead of haling
himself disgraced, felt himself a martyr. Dis-
cipline, instead of being maintained, was obvi-
ously relaxed. The soldier was encouraged to resist
his officer. Ice short, the very means which Ia former
times bad kept up a state of discipline u perfect as
ever existed, bad precisely the opposite effect. Then,
indeed, the Duke of WELLINGTON, by his great
aathority, samesded in maintaining a system which
was opposed to popular feeling—on the ground that
without it all discipline must cease. But the Duke
was not infallible ; nor could he °vehicle the great
principles upon which all punishments rest. In
gauntries where public opinion is dumb, it may
be ignored t bat in a country like this, where men
net only have the, opinions but can express them,
the thing is impossible. Any punishment which is
opposed to public feeling must be abandoned. Flog-
ging may be proved to be the best punishment in
the abstract for desertion or for any other crime, bat
is this country it is utterly impracticable. Indeed,
if proof were needed of this it would be found in the
facts which have lately occurred at Woolwich and
elsewhere. Is it credible if a man fully felt him-
self disgraced that he would amuse himself by
crowing like a cock after receiving his punishment,
or that like the militia-man he would venture to tell
'the adjutant that " he was as good a man as he was,
*. and was ready to take fifty more"? The most
alarming shock to discipline is when punishment is
beag►t into contempt, and surely no more effectual
Man can be invented for this purpose than to have
public denunciations of the conduct of military
officers perpetually held up to the men under their
command. In foreign armies the penalty for deser-
tion is death. This is simple and effectual. One
reason why the some practice is not followed in this
country is beams the public would not enders it.
But it should be observed that theism reason which
forbids putting a deserter to death forbids his being
flogged. It is clear, therefore, that the play lately
introduced by the Horse Outdo, and sanetioesd at
their suusetisa by ea Act of Parliament, will sot
work, sad aught at ones to be abandoned.

For even should this alternative be adopted,
there need be no ftar that military disciplaie must
cease. Let us reflect with pride that the
British is the only European army in which the
claims it the soldier would be so tenderly con-
sidered, or in which that consideration would be so
frilly appreciated. The excellence of our soldiers
sonsists in that spirit of independence and self-
respect which distingr'shes them. They are men
and citizens, though they are soldiers; and neither
they themselves nor their fellow-citizens can endure
to have them treated in a manner unbecoming those
amongst whom they have been bred.

Austrians may be flogged and Frenchmen may be
ahot,but the British soldier carries something of hi
independence even into the ranks, and must be
treated u a being having definite rights. The con-
*tinniness of thia difference betwren him and others
gives that spirit and power which are the presage
at victory. He is the freest, and, therefore, the
most vigorous of soldiers. But let it not be
imagined that we advocate a relaxed discipline.
Desertion is the worst of military crimes, and let it
be punished by the most severe penalties. Expe-
rience has peeved beyond a doubt that flogging will
not be endured, and therefore it moat be dlscon-
tined. In fact, probably the only ow I. which
this extreme punishment ought to be inflicted Is
where an incorrigible soldier is about to be dismiseed
the service. In such a case there seems nothing
unreasonable in first imprisoning the man and then
flagging him, end finally drumming him out of the
regiment. But those who remain in the army
mast be differently treated. No one who
knows anything of the men who enlist
can be ignorant of the lawless characters
who find their way into the ranks. Many
et them need no ordinary management.
Bet during peace there are ample mans pro-
vided by military prison discipline for subduing the
spirit of insubordination. After these have been
tried it might perhaps be possible to draft them off
to the most unhealthy and dreary stations to which
British troops are sent, and to keep them three
double the length of time during which they would
remain under ordinary circumstances. The West
Indies, especially Trinidad and the rest coast of
Africa, are not the sort of places in which a
man would choose to spend the best part it
his life. Nobody pretends to deny that if the
punishment of flogging were abolished some other
mode of punishment most, and could, be found for
military crime.

It should be observed that this discussion only
numerals the question of punishment in time of paws.
Is the field the officer in command must be left ab-
solutely unfettered. If he deem it necessary he most
be permitted to inflict the utmost penalty.

ADDRESS OF THE UNITARIANS TO THE LORD
LIUUTZNANT.-05 Wednesday a deputation from the non-
mobocrats"; Presbyteries, or Unitarian., of Ireland, pre-
sented an admen to the lortslieuteosnt, congratukting his
excellency upm his appointrusat to the viceroyalty of Ire-
land. kllusiesta were made is the address to the improved
state of the country, and to the claims of his excellency to
foster and 'moorage her exertions. The following le the
reply of Is eseollency :—" Allow me to smuts the ministers
aid Oda. of the reepective bodice, whose onion consti-
tutes the ocepanbeeribieg presto) teriaes is Ireland, that I
Ttcrilo their hoed costar etulatlons with 'Mara and gra.eful
' &Anne. The interruptions and eubsequmat renee.l to Ilia
lentos of the high office which I hero sgslu toe honour to
fill in this country enhance in this respect the radio that
must in any cafe by attached to expremioas of welcome
sad regard from each a routes, inasmuch as it to
evident that they are sot lavished upon one whom opinkne
ere nehnown, sad whom seeded ban been nettled. The
principles which I have entertained, and the experienc
which I have acquired through a public life, now compraing
considerable Went gad variety, and the charteer of the
meat., prig Is the woell around us, only tint to rivet
more aria, en my mind my unaltered cueviciion of the
ttutb and sentedmee of these maxima of universal toleration
end unlettered judgment upon which the cad sod religious
liberties ci maces can aime meanly reef. I have not now
to Imes the vehable contributions which your bosomed
Widowhood' have made to the order, loyalty, indoetry, sod
Ammo of the realm ; end I humbly pray that the blessing
teem ea high may rest upon your lahours of piety end love."
The imputation thee withdrew.
ETON COLLEGE, SEPT. 16.—The election vacation
at Etat Caere. which began on the let sit., terminsted
ea Watartiay kw, fa the svrniog of which day the return
of the bry• aseimaseed, the lower school being the fret to
arrive. TWit day the fifth foam followed. BeturJay it the
day of anima of the sloth form, when the whole echool wig
ham eseestated. The number will be farther Mermaid, as
none hey* hew entered this them who left at the vend km,
when the largest number ever at Eton (80:) teemed the list.
THE LATE BIIADIPORD MtelC FESTIVAL AND
Tlll fort .—The reeshas tubing from an amen is
the late festival amount to 5,9701, and the balance which re-
nudes, after peyleg ell expensed, with the eiceptios of the
2701.4 e the chirp piths 81. George's Hall Compaq, tad •
metals per esotage open a portion of the receipt', le upwards
of 1,100/ ; so that the swirl= for the Bradford Infirmary
•1111 be moot than 7001. Tee malt, when compued
that of the precious fiettral to 1866, when there •as • elm'
lom of more thee 8001., le gales satisfactory to the fraud' of
the Bradford lafieveary.—lfersekestre Girerifiett.
NEW ACT RELATING TO R ,BHT a
wsr of partial:nest all the peeviissaapaset
which were rear coed In Male operatisa to the orlrepititaa
paha@ awakes are sow sale ads/ Se aft par` ell ZeiteaL

trin gem

BALMORAL. flua 14.
ger Malady, accompanied by the Mame
Mice, aid Wooded by Lily Clauob,ll, rode oat yesterday.
Tbe Prato Cowart ud the Prince of Wales, Wanda by
Colonel the Hon. R. Batas sad C►ptain Grey, went to the
atbergeldie woods, which were driven for deer.

The Coma de Mandrels, attended by Major Burnell,
'Mead on a visit to her Majesty yesterday afternoon.
The royal dinner party yeetarday included the Primes
Alice, the Prince of Wales, the Count de Flanders, the
Earl of Elgin, Sir Benjamin Brodie, Sir Jams. Clerk
Major Burnell, and the ladies and gentlemen's waiting.

Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-Mee
Not the governors of the West Indies, Heligoland, and
Mills, and of the settlements as the West Coast of Africa.

The marriage of Lady Agnes Caroline Graham,
eldest daughter of the Doke esd Duchess of Montrose✓ with
Captain John Money, of the Grenadier Gnarl* was solar
geed yesterday at St. Georp's church, Hanores-equare.
The newly-wedded couple left tows for Stoke Edith Park,
Lady Emily Foley'a seat in Herefordshire, toper the hooey-
MOIL

His Excellency the Prussian Minister and the
Conateas Berastottf have arrived from Germany at Tow
bridge Welly, where they purpose remising for some weeks.

The Lord Pm/4134 of the Coiocil end the
Countess Granville Woad to Ism town to-day for Germany.
The health of the tounton is greatly Improvci.
The montage of the Earl of Dalkeith, /LP., sou
of the Duke and Duchess of Bsecionelt, v:th lady Louisa
Hamilton, third daughter al the Marquis and Marchionem
of Abercorn, is stated to be appinted to lake plain on the
3rd of November.

Lord and Lady Chelmsford base left town, accom-
panied by the Hoa. bliss Theeiger, on a tour of tiring in
Scotland.

Lord and Lady Elcho and family left town yet-
tarday for their seat in hoothisid. Lord k..lcho goes to Aber-
deo to attend the meetiog of the British Amociation attar
seeing his family home.

We regret to learn of the death, on Wednesday
last, at St. James's Palace, in the 8.5% year of late age, of
the Rev. Charles Wesley, D.D., anb-doan of her Mejeet)'s
Chapel Royal at St. Jamoe's Pelac3, and chaplain It ordin-
ary to her Majesty.

A publics dinner we (Plymouth Journal) un-
derstand, to be siren to the late members for Devonport, the
Right lion. Janus Wilson and Sir Thomas Rutin() Perry,
at the Mechanics' Institute, Devonpot t, on Weinceday next.
The popular and &silent shed guests II ill be recuivc I on the
occasion by a numerous army of political friends, including,
it is expected, Admiral Sir Michael Seymour, Batt., and Sir
Arthur Buller, the present members for the borough.

The Town Connell of Aberdeen have ananu imonsly
adopted the following resolution That the Town Coun-
cil resolve to confer the freedom of the city on the Right
Hon. Lord John Russell, in order to mark their deep sense
of, and gratitude for, his long-tried and moat useful services
to his country, especially the great cause of civil and reli-
gious liberty." His lordship well be the guest of Mr.
Thompson Plimedden. The precise time (sr the ceremony
will, of course, depend on Lis lordship's conveoieuco. His
lordship is to go on a visit to the Earl of Aberdeen, at
lisddo House.

The whole bench of Irish Roman catholic prelates,
with some thirty members of whom', have signed •
memorial to do I.,rd Lieutenant requesting that Mr,
Kavanagh, late an officer of the National Education Board,
may be appointed to the office of Inspector of Reformatories.
. .

Captsin Crofton, the eceallent datnnan of the Board of
Convict Prisons, who has disohargol the duties of Insicctnr
of Reformatories from the paesiog of the act, has been ap-
pointed for another year.

Mr. W. Brown, who is now in Calton gaol for
refuel to pay the rnunity to; writes to a coteruporary
I feel very Grateful for your kindly notleng my fauna e"-
tion by the clergy of ths estebllshtd church in this city. I
sin still their pr'•oner, hiving ken seven days their Medea.
It is thought they wiz allow me to lie here, though they are
afraid at present to attempt any more arrests, so great la the
public indignation at my lusprisonment. From 11 o'clock to
I is the time allowed for the visits of friends, and se great is
the number that come to see me, that the gcvernor and other
oflici .18 nod inch a state of things very annoying, end have
adopted a new plan to-day—cely nine viMtors nit in to see
me at a time, and these must coma oat before a fresh nine
are permitted to enter. So greet was the flow of friends
thither on Ft:day rid Saturday last that one of the keys of
MO of the gates broke on account of the extra work it bad
bon ca'led upon to per form."

The greet hall of the Freemasons' Tavern, Great
Queen-streA, he. ne ()Herod to be reperel at a colt of
275/., and tho organ at a c'at of 701.

The Brussels Inchpendance rays that Lora
Cowley sad M. Walewski bars been commissioned to arms,
the bases of the ee-opersUon between Prance sad England
in iwesscating tha Chimes war.

" Prince Alfred of England," says the Malta
Timex, " bin snivel here from Marmiller, by the Baseless
despatch host, on his return from a 'At to Queen Victoria,
and has rammed his duties on board the Euryalne. It is
said that his royal highness will team shortly to slat ashes-
topot sad the dtliesent soma d the late Uneaten war, bat
credit cast scarcely be accorded to this rumour, so the mason
Is now too far advanced to render • maim in the Black Sea
either safe or pleased."

The spectom saloons of Admiralty House on
Vineries& Marina, at Malta, were last we,k thrown open to
• large petty kraal by Mn. Admiral Codrington, to bid
aim. to General &r John end Lady Pennefanter, who are to
leave the island in about a toetaight, to the regret of ell
chases. Among the gusts 'ma largeproportionof thettfalteee
gentry; and the opponent) entry Int, port of her Majesty'.
ships Conqueror, Renown, Princess It Intl, and Centurion,
which had been remising some &Jain the offing, added to the
brilliancy of the entertainment. Notwithstanding the heat,
which nil' continues opposites in the island, dancing was
protrack 1 to • late how.

- Grand preparations are being made at Bt. Peters-
berg for the fete of the majority of the neredituf Grand
Doke on the 20th. Deputations are to arrive frost all parts
of the empire. The kinpiont of Poland will be represented
by General Gorteolnkoff and a number of the Polish

The King of Holland is on the 19th to open the
mot= of tie Ambers ta person at the Hogue.

-.-
The Emperor, on leaving St. Sanveor for Tarbes,
ea already mentioned, left 1,000. r. for tho poor of Lou, and a
like sum fur those of Cant:rsts. Their Majesties travelled
poet in en open carriage and two horses. At Argelee the
Emperor, in passing through, left 20,000 fr. towards &tith-
ing the church. Ai Hotherren, their Maieaties alighted to
heir divine crevice, sod rentived the sacrament. Oas of the
accletissUcs belonging to the church having obeerved that an
organ was wanting, the Emperor was rietvci to say that ho
would send our. He also lett I,oook. for the poor. It was
half-pest five when the imperial travellers cont,nuol their
jinn acy to Tarbes.
The Prineme Clothilde has left Pais for Switzer-
land to join reface Napoleon. The prism, after having
ascended the Puy de Dome, two days beck visited St.
Eilennue, where he devotol several hours M examining the
impwiel manufac'oty of eases, and several industrial estab-
lishments. His Imperial highnses let; the next day by
railway for St. Chamood end Rive do Gier, whence ho was
to proceed to Grenoble and /twit c

Captain Prard, the English officer attached to
General Gerib tides division, writes to a Mend at Plymouth,
denying most indignantly that he makes "war for pleasure."
He adds, "not only Ls the oppression and tyranny of the
Austrian rule ouch that in England it can neither be con-
ceived nor credited, but the gross brutalities exercised to-
wards the persons of the Italians of both sexes are such as to
be execrated by all civilised notions. Prom the cloys of
Attila, the Hon has marked fair Poly for his prey, bat
Attila and hie be:barons horde' could not have
committed more frightful outrages then those of their de-
sceedents. It has been toy pride to cony my rifle In the
ranks of the Italian army, and still greater to have served
ender and won the friendship of such a man as Guiseppe
Ouribal ti. Dieu tt rens Draft' is Itely's motto. Hay
God defend rho right. I tare fllowed my general through
the plaint and mounted:roof tipper Italy, sad will cdrinue
to follow him as keg as he draws Lis sword for this noble-
hearted people. IJka all the rest of his devoted followers, It
le to me lodide:lot whether his camp I. on the mountain or
on the pl do, oa the beak.' of the Ticino or the Po, the Area,
or the Tiber. He has only tt sey AvanH,' and the my
that hoe to often ramie! ;nolo into the r easy's rank.,
Viva Garibaldi will rim from one hearts through the hills
and vales al Maly."

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

SARDINIA.

TURIN, Barr. 15.

The following is a summary of the answer given
by his Majesty to the joint deputations from
Modena and Parma :

The King expressed Ye thanks to the people of
Modena and Parma for the unanimity of their votes
recorded for the annexation of their provinces to
Piedmont, by which they have confirmed the wishes
expressed by them eleven years ago to the King, his
father. His Majesty continued thus—
" I agree with the desires you have the minion to
communicate to me, they are fresh manifestations of
the national will, to save the country from the die.
astrous consequences of a foreign rule, and to erect a

barrier which would ensure to our countrymen the
pamession of Italy to the Italians. The deputations
will understand in what manner the Kiug must pro-
ceed toward, the accomplishment of the wishes of
the assemblies. Armed with the rights which I have
acquired, I will support your cause before the great
Powers, and especially before the French Emperor,
who, while leading the victorious legions of Francs,
was fighting for the independanoe of Italy. Europe
has recognised the right of other nations to
provide for their security by constituting
a government capable of defending their
liberties and their independence. She will be
neither less jest nor less generous towards the
Italian provinces. The votes which your assemblies
have recorded, and the numerous volunteers who
have fought under the fins of Piedmont daring ttie
days of the late struggle, have proved that firmness
is a tried virtue with the people of Modena and
Parma."

The speech of his Majesty concluded thus:
" Therefore I need not say to yon, Persevere ; I
will only congratulate you upon the order and the
moderation of which you have given such brilliant
examples, in order to prove to Europe that the
Italians know how to govern themselves, and that
they are worthy to be citizens of a free nation."

The council of the different districts of Turin yes-
terday gave their approval for the erection of
monuments to the King of Sardinia and the Em-
peror of the French.