The Express.
London, England, 1860-12-12 00:00:00

POLAND.

A letter from Warsaw, in the Breslau Gaze. tte,
rays:

On the 21)th ult., the anniversary of the Polish revolu-
tion, several persons had ordered a funeral service to be
performed in the Carmelite church of Warsaw. Everything
pared off quietly till the close, when the persons pre-
sent struck up a hymn in favour of the deliverance
of their country and against its oppressors. The
officiating clergyman vainly requested the parties
to stop and the organist ceased playing, but one of
the persons present took his place and accompanied the
'lacing. The mine parties intended to meet again in the
evening, but when they reached the church it was closed.
They then abominated the status of the saint at the church
door, and an immense crowd collected. The same hymn
was then repeated, some maxis kneeling to sing it. The
crowd afterwards quietly dispersed, singing as they went •
meg of which the berths. was " Poland is not yes lost I"
There was no interference on the part of the police.

FRANCE.

PARIS, WILINVIDAT MORNING.

The Manifeur publishes a decree, fixing the duty
on dry vegetables and their meals at 25 centimes
100 kilogrammes, whether imported into France by
sea or land, in French or foreign vessels, until the
30th of September, 1861. The vessels also will be
free from tonnage dues.

AUSTRIA.

vziorxe. WID3II3DAT.

The official Wiener Zeitang of to-day announces
the appointment of Field-Marshal-Lieutenanta von
Schmerling and Mertens as substitutes of the
Minister for War.

Count Emmericks-Miko has been provisionally
appointed President of the Stadtholdership of
Transylvania.

THE= UNITED STATES.

QUENNIMWN
_TOMMY Ni.,.e
The Liverpool, New York, and Philadelphia Com-
pany's steamer City of Baltimore, Captain Petrie,
from New York on the tat inst., has arrived hers.
She brings the Irish mail and 2,600 dole. in specie.
On the Bth inst., she passed the ship City of
Lincoln, waterlogged and abandoned.
The Washington correspondent of the New York
Tines states that the fears of • secession of
Southern states were subsiding. Many Southern
members of Congress had arrived in the capital
with their families.

The New York Herald says that the feeling for
oeaaiou in the South had not abated.

Advice' from Havanuah are to the 27th ult. The
sugar market was dull. Freights inactive. The
yellow fever was making sad havoc among the ship-
ping at Jamaica.
NEW YORK, Nov. 30.
Money abundant, but dull at 7 per cent. for loans ou can,
owing to the want of confidence. Exchange:—Brokers
bills, 104 to 106. Stocks opened steady, then relapsed, bet
were again steady at the aloes. The Mowing an the latest
quotations :—New York Centrals, 754 to f ; Eriedra!
m,..„„57, to f . State Stocks, f per cent. lower. Co
unchanged. Pales, 500 bales ; middling Upland, 104 c. Flour
heavy and irregular ; sales, 9,000 barrels. Wheat heavy
sad lower. Cotton unchanged.. Sugar and coffee steady.
Provanons lower. Freights firm.

LATEST.
NEW YORK, DEC L
Stocks are dull and rather lower. Illinois Central, 57 ;
Erie, 281 ; New York Central, 74j. Tho cotton market is
dull. Shillling Upland is quoted 10}c. to 101 k. Bread-
stuffs are heavy, and all description have slightly declined.
The market for provisions is heavy. Pork is hard of sale,
and lower.

NEW ORLEANS, Nov. M.
The cotton market ia very dull. /diddling Ua declined
to 91c. to 91e. The sales of the week amount to 45,000
bales. Receipts during the name period, 57,000; sad ex-
ports 40,000 halm Receipts below last year, 195,000 bales.
Sterling exchange is quoted to prem.
LIVERPOOL, WIDNZSDAY.
The Liverpool, New York, and Philadelphia
Company's steamer City of Blanchester sailed to-
day for New York, with 7,6311. in specie.

SOUTRAMPTON_ WIDIt iBDAY.
The United States mail slimmer Fulton, Captain
Walton, which sails to-day for New York, takes
49,490 L, all 3uvereignft, and nearly 200 passengers.

'VEI4(3I
EXPRESS FROM FARM
—7—e--
Dew mg own commarommar.)
PARIS TGOIDAT
The emplaned amnesty to the press in respect
of all warnings scored up against it appears in the,
Moniteur. The decree, however, does not apply to
judicial condemnations ; but it is hoped—and, in-

deed, scarcely doubted—that a further measure of
clemency will relieve journals which, like the
Gironde of Bordeaux, to whose case I alluded the
other day, are on the eve of suppression merely on
account of two trivial sentences. The clean sweep
made of all old warnings would be of little conse-
quence if it were not the beginning of a new
policy. Warnings have been wiped off over and
over again, but the application of the system which
generates them very soon got the majority
of the newspapers into the old mess. The
really important part of the present amnesty is that
it conveys a promise that warnings will only be in-
flicted in future for " attacks upon the state"—an
expression which, by the light of M. de Persigny's
circular, must be held to mean attacks upon the
Emperor's person and dynasty, and the principle of
his government. This is a real and most extensive
reform, for a perusal of M. Vingtain's interesting
collection of warnings given since the coup d'etat
will show that they were often inflicted for causes
widely remote from attacks upon the state, and
sometimes for the most trivial motives, such as
"false news" of no consequence, or finding fault
with a new manure recommended by a prefect.
M. Nearer says, in the Prune, that it would be
ungracious to doubt the boon announced by M. de
Persigny, and its only criticism is that since there
are no legal guarantees for the promises which the
minister sincerely means to keep, the situation of
the press is "more agreeable than regular."
According to • rumour circulated by a semi-
official lithographed correspondence, the Emperor
meditates another Jim Crow evolution with respect
to Italy. It is said that he means to hark back to
his Villafranca scheme of a federation, and to
renew his proposal to the powers to meet in con-
gress, pointing out the "anarchy" in the Two
Sicilies—an anarchy, by the way, greatly and pro-
bably purposely exaggerated by the telegraph,
which took its details from a legitimist journal in
the south of France—and the courageous resistance
of Francis IL, as evidence that Italian unity is a
chimera. A report emanates from the same source
that M. Fonld is going to Italy on asecret mission.
Telegrams have been received at Toulon, order-
ing the steam-frigates Moe and Eldorado to Alex-
andria with troops and provisions for the reinforce-
ment and revictualling of the French army in
China.

The Bourse, after opening with some animation,
became dull at the close, and the Rente, which bad
touched 69fr. 10c., left off at 68fr. 90c. (with
a rise of 10c.) for caah, and at 68f. 90c. (with a fall
of 5c.) for account. Mobilier fell 3fr. 75c. The
Orleans Railway rose lfr. 25c., but the other lines
were lfr. 25c. lower.

Mgr. do Bruillard, ex-Bishop of Grenoble, who
is 98 years of age, is very seriously ill at his chateau
at Montfleuri.

There are now no less than six vacant Nees in
France. The Emperor does not fill them up
because he knows the Pope would not confirm his
appointments. This state of things cannot last
much longer. The Emperor must either reconcile
himself with the Pope or become a new Henry
VIM

A frightful accident has just occurred at Vienne
on the Rhone, on the occasion of the inauguration
of a new statue of the Virgin. A platform gave
way, and upwards of forty persona were seriously
injured. It is not stated that any lives were lost,
but among the wounded are Mgr. Fransoni, Arch-
bishop of Turin, the Bishops of Valencd and
Vivien (the latter has a leg broken), the sub-prefect
of the department, and the curd of Vienne.

F, DECEMBER 12,

s SOU4WARK ELECTION.
DECLARATION OF TM POLL.-(THIS DAY.)
The formal declaration of the results of the above
eleetien was made this ramming at Taylor's Repository,
'Elephant and Castle, by William Gresham, Esq., High
IkalitL A space had been railed off in one of the galleries
for the borough officers, candidates, and their immediate
friends, and a large crowd assembled in the body of the
building. The excitement was, however, considerably less
and the proceedings more orderly than in the earlier
stages of the election. Mr. Layard was received with
hearty cheering on his appearance, and there were some calls
for Mr. Scovell, but that gentleman did not attend, an
apology being made for him on the wore of indisposition.
Mr. GRIISHAY (the high bailiff), having obtained silence,
announced that the numbers for A. H. Layard, Esq., were
4,72-(great cheering).-and for George Scovell, Esq., 3,377,
the majority for the former being 1,195. (Continued
cheering.) Mr. Layard had therefore been returned as
member to represent them in parliament. (Loud cheers.)
Mr. LATAID then WOG forward and the cheering was
loudly repeated and maintained for several minutes. The
electors had, he said, nobly redeemed the pledge which had
been given him on his first coming forward. He had been
told that he should be returned without a farthing of
expense, and solely upon principle and public grounds. He
bad come down to contest the borough in a
manner worthy of an English gentleman and of a
great and enlightened constituency. Hs had carried
OD the contest in that spirit, and the constituency
had in a similar spirit supported him. (Loud cheers.)
At one time a great deal had been said about local interests,
and it was sought to make the election a matter of personal
interest. But he had a different view of local interests. He
believed that local interests, properly understood, were
identical with the great Interests of the nation. (Cheers.)
He had been accusal of sneering at vestries, but had done
nothing of the kind. He even liked Lord Mayor's shows-
(oh, oh)-at least, he liked uncommonly the turtle with
which they usually terminated. (Laughter.) He liked these
shows, and he liked vestries, because he knew that municipal
institutions were the cradles of public liberties, and
that whenever they were absent, and neutralisation pre.
veiled, liberty was not He hated centralisation. (Loud
cheers and some interruption.) If the gentleman who in-
terrupted was a friend of Mr. Scovell's he had only to tell
him that he entertained no feelings of animosity against
that gentleman. They had had a fair stand-up tight
for the borough and he (Mr. Layard) had won, but
' now that the battle was over, he wished to retain noue but
friendly feelings towards everyone. (Cheers.) He be-
lieved that if local interests were made the highest claim of
a candidate on a constituency the imperial parliament would
soon sink into contempt, and cease to be the interpreter of
the sentiments of the country and the admiration of the
civilised world. What Englishman could refuse to postpone
his private interests to the public good! (Hear, hear.) Mr.
Scovell's arguments relative to the local character of the city
members toll against himself, for it proved that the local
interests of the metropolis were already fully hid,
and that it was time some men were returned solely on
public ground/. At present the army, the church, the law,
and the merchants were represented-all classes, in fact:
but one, and what clam was that? Why, the working
man's class (Land cheers.) He (Mr. Layard) felt that
this plea of local interests was merely another plea for
capital. (a; roans.) Were they to make the House of Clow-
Mona an asylum for superannuated capitalists ? (Load
cheers and laughter.) If the capitalists were to be
everything how was the working man to find his way
into the House of Commons! (Hear, hear.) Local
interest meant money, meant the hiring of public-houses,
the handing of five-pound notes in envelopes to electors.
(Laughter.) But of what use was such a system as that in
snob a borough as Southwark? In a few days they would
know what the election had cosh He had not bad
even a lawyer -he meant no offence to his friend
on his left. (Loud cheers.) Even the check-clerks
bad given their services gratuitously. (Hear, hear.) If
then this borough could be gained without anything but
legal expenses, which by the way were still far too high,
there would soon be a chance for the working men to get
into parliament (Cheers.) He had not brought down a
crowd of men who from their faces and condition he be-
lieved to have come from the sister island, to hoot, to howl,
and to bring disgrace on election proceedings. (Loud
cheers.) What was the great argument used by the tones!
It was that if you Lad great constituencies you would have
incompetent men, because local interests would prevail,
and bemuse it was generally such men who had meet local
interest-(a laugh)-and that if you wanted competent men
you must have rotten boroughs. He had come down
to oppose these local interests, and the result would he felt
throughout the length and breadth of the land. If they
wanted reform in parliament, let them reform the consti-
tuency, and that would in itself be a reform of parliament.
He was proud of the result ; he was proud of his friends,
and it only remained for him by his conduct in parliament
to make them proud of their selected candidate. (Cheers.)
Who was it that had won this Inksrman of the constituen-
cies ? It was the working man, as the state of the poll dur-
ing the dinner hour on the previous day proved. (Cheers.)
He was glad that those petty intrigues which were a
disgrace to the borough had failed, and he hoped they
would never see them repeated. (Cheers.) Let them look at
what had been the position of the working man during tho
last few years. The working man carried the Reform Bill,
but had Leas yet profited by it ? No. ("That is a fact.")
The working man had astonished the world by
his moderation in victory, and it was said now
that he did not want any further reform bill.
Because the working man was tranquil, ho was called
apathetic ; because he did not disturb the country, or cow-
-1 mit breaches of the peace, or hold tumultuous meetings, it
was said that lie was satisfied with the scanty political pri-
vilege he at present enjoyed. Wluitdid their opponents want?
Did they want such demonstrations as the destruction of mills
or manufactories? If they did, let them base it. (Cheer*
and some dimmed.) They (the tories) seemed to forget the
which the working man had made in intelligence
during the last thirty years. They forgot what mechanics'
institutionsend popular authors and the free press bad been
doing in enlarging the mind of the working man. Bemuse
he was quiet they believed him to be doll, whereas the fact
was that never had the working man been
more alive to his political interests than he was at
the present moment. (Hear, hear.) The working man's
improvement was, in fact, greater than that of any other
class in the state, and his improvement bad compelled the
improvement of other classes. He (Mr. Layard) was told
that the intelligence of the working man was dangerous to
the state. He scorned such so imputation. Take, for
instance, the case of the volunteers. Had the agricultural
classes supported that movement 1 on the contrary, was it
not the great manufacturing towns who had filled ranks
of the volunteers ? Who but workmen had raised the Ber-
mondsey corps! Look, again, at America. Sixty years
ago the volunteer movement commenced there amongst
the working men, and now it included the most enlightened
chimes in the country. If the working men were armed
and disciplined, and too wise to interfere or to
allow their rulers to interfere in the domestic concerns of
other countries, they could then insist on the reduction of
extensive armaments, and the consequent abatement of
taxation. They would here a voice in the disposal as well
as in the paying of the taxes, and then they might
hope for sonic reduction, but so long as the taxes
were expended by an exclusive class, so long would the
awe be hopeless as regarded any reduction. (Hear, hear.)
Lot him take an iustance of whet the influence of the work-
ing man had already done with respect to foreign affairs.
Fifty years since the working man of England had no
voice in either war or peace, and the consequence was that
the country was constantly plunged in extensive
wars. Money was then lavished in millions, not
to assert liberty, but to uphold tyranny and
oppression. At that time there was not a despot
who felt his throne to be tottering under him but he
appealed to this country, and our governing classes were
allays ready with the millions of the people's money to
uphold him. (Cheers.) And what had they done for this
country in return? Were we more liked on the Con.
tinont On the contrary, we were hated. (Beer,
hear.) Had the deepota ever done anything for
us in return? (" Never.") How different had been
the ease during the last three or four years, when the
people, the working men of England, insisted on their
voices being heard on foreign affairs. They had declared
emphatically for the people and against the tyrants ; and
one of the earliest demonstrations was made in the

Borough. (Hoar, hear.) He was not going to
pass an enlogitun on the conduct of Barclay and Perkins's
men, but this he would say, that the spirit which bad
moved them wan noble and praiseworthy. What had
occurred in Italy ! France went there with her army, hut
the people of France felt no interest, because they felt that
their own liberties being compromised their government
could not be in earnest in furthering the came of
liberty anywhere. Heed* what had been the re-
cent conduct of France in Italy ! Every step
France had taken since the great battles had been to im-
pede the progress of liberty. (Hear, hear.) If it were
not for the recent conduct of France at Rome, NaOss,
and Gaeta, Italy would at this moment bo free. (ild
cheers.) Look, on the other hand, what had been the con-
duct of England? The people had prevented despot-
favouring wiry had prevented the levy of new taxer on
their tea and sugar. but they had given that moral support
to Italy which made that country what it was. (Hear,
bear.) He could tell them that the greatest ge- !
morals and statesmen of Italy had declared that
they owed more, and had gained more by the
moral support of England than by all the armies of
France. (Loud cheers.) Why was that! Because
in the matter of Italy the working men of
England had insisted on their voice' being heard,
for it was a fact that the higher classes in this
country gave all their sympathies to Austria. At a dinner.
table at the West-end, be had heard nothing but
svinpathy for Austria and discouragement for free-
dom, and it was only in such places as Southwark
that there was any real sympathy for liberty.
That denunciation of tie working men had reacted in
the despatch of Lord John Russell. He did not
mean his first despatch—(oh, oh !)—but the second,
in which the noble lond, with the aid of Vattel
and Grotius, proved so clearly that the Italians were fairly
entitled to have the management of their own affairs.

It might not have been necessary for the noble lord t, g„
back two hundred years to search for the opinions of %be.,
venerable bookwoesis of a Dutch university, but he should
look to that despatch as a foundation for the creed of
liberty both at home and *bread. He was going into par.
lament unpledgetl, but Lord J. Russell and his policy should
receive his disinterested support because the noble lortl
in his last despatch spoken the sentiments of the men of
Southwark. (Loud cheers.) He warn not going into par.
lament pledged to support the government, but he would
support any government who represented the feelings of filo
people of England. After some further observatiots,
hon. member concluded by proposing a vote of thanks t,
the High Bailiff.
sooteetr Thezegroan apologised for the absence ~f M.
who, he said, was physically unable to attend, and
the proceedings terminated.

The following is the official analysis of the polling in the
different districts :

&oven. Layard.
Parish of Bermondsey 1,188 ... 1,944
„ ltotherhithe 240 ... 236
„ Christchurch
„ St. George
Bt. °lave and et Jahn 4lB ... 160
„ St. Saviour and St. Thomas 504 ... MO

Total ..

3,377 ... 4,572

THE ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF
ENGLAND.-(THIS DAY.)

The half-yearly meeting of this society t.x,k
place at noon, in Hanoverequare ; the Earl of POWIA,
president of the year in the chair. Among those pretest
were Lord Berner% Sir J. Shelley, M.P., Mr. Langston,
M.P.. Mr. Hayward Barker, Mr. W. F. Hobbs, Mr. Owes
Willis, Mr. Wilson, Mr. Berthropp, Mr. H. Curbet, Mr.
Fier% Mr. T. C. Morton, Ac.
The CBAIIMAN, in opening the proceedings, adverted to
the loss the society had sustained in the death of the links
of Richmond, Who had, he said, three times filled
the aloe of president, and always manifested se eat
interest in the proceedings of the society and always
did all in his power for the beuefit, of agricul-
ture. He regretted to say thst the meeting sl
owingterbury involved some loss to the society,
to the geographical situation of that city rela-
tively to the other leading towns. The importance of
the district of Kent, however, justified the holding of the
show there, and he anticipated that great benefit would
result to agriculture. As regarded the selection of Leeds for
the next show, he believed that that would prove • most
satisfactory decision in a financial point of view.
Mr. H. Hat Dias then read the following report
" The council have to report that the society consists at
the present time of 85 life governors, 95 annual governor,
1,098 life members, 3,651 annual members, and 18 honorary
members, making • total of 4,942 names on the list. The
zumnbers of the society will have shared with the council
thWlr sense of the great loss they have sustained by
the demi*e of the Duke of Richmond, one of the trustees
of the society, and will loos cherish the memory of one who
had filled three time* the office of president, and always
evinced a warm interest in the affairs of the society.
The council have elected the Duke of Marlborough to fill
the vacancy among the trustees, and Mr. Owen Wallis, of
Overtone Grange, Northampton, to supply the vacancy
among the general members of the council, created by the
resiguation of Lord Southampton. The statement of
accounts for the half-year ending 301.11 June, 1860, has been
approved by Messrs. (biller, Ball, and Co., public account-
ants. The funded capatalconsista of 12,000/. stock, and it is
hoped that a large portion of the arrears of ,subscription,
amounting to 1,472 t., will be shortly paid up. It is found
that many members cease to pay their subscriptions under
the impression that in this way they can terminate their
membership ; but the council deem to remind them that
by the bye laws all members ere bound to pay their annual
subscription until they shall withdraw from the society by a
notice in writing to the secretary. Every claim against the
society has been discharged, • complete system has
been introduced into the accounts, and the council
feel confident in stating that the finances are in a
favourable condition. It has been decided that a com-
plete list of the members shall be published in 1861.
Since the last general meeting, Professor Voelker has
delivered a lecture on oilcake, pointing out the composition
and feeding value of different descriptions, and the means
usually adopted for adulteration. The country meeting at
Canterbury, though instructive in the varied character of
the implements displayed and the nature of the live stock
exhibited, did not prove successful in a financial
point of view, and has entailed a considerable
charge on the general funds of the society. The
council have to acknowledge the hospitable reception
accorded to them at Canterbury by the mayor, as well as
the valuable and zealous assistance afforded by the mayor
and corporation, and also by the local committee,
in carrying out all nemeary arrangements. The
council have settled the live stock and implement prize
sheets for the country meeting, to be held next year at
Leeds, and in addition to the usual prizes, classes have
been introduced for Sussex cattle and Cleveland horses.
The trial of implements in 1861, according to the quadren-
nial system in force, will comprise drills, manure distribu-
tors, horse hoes, hay machines, mowing machines, reaping
machines, horse rakes, carts, and wagginut Prizes
amounting to 2001. will be offered for the beet appli-
cation of steam power to the cultivation of the soil. The
council have Axed that the Leeds meeting shall take
place in the week commencing Monday, July 15. The
implement-yard will be open on Monday morning, on the
payment of ss. ; and the cattle-yard will be opened, with-
out any additional charge, as soon after 1 o'clock as the
judges have concluded their labours. On Tuesday and
Wednesday both yards will be open at 2s. 6d. • on Thurs-
day sod } riday at Is. This arrangement will afford the
necessary facilities to all climate of that populous district.
The society have, from time to time, been favoured, by
order of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, with
copies of despatches received by her Majesty's govern-
merit relating to the agriculture of Denmark, which will
appear in the forthcoming number of the journal, and with
otters drawing the attention of the council to the cattle
disease, and to • plan for economising seed corn."
Mr. S. Stormy, in moving the adoption of the report,
contended that the course pursued for the encouragement
of stock breeding required to be carefully considered, with
• view to the adoption of improvements. The ob-
ject to be attained was, in some cases, pro-
moted by most extraordinary means. An illus-
tration of this was afforded by the feeding of young
stock with large quantities of milk, stud he had
even heard that it was not uncommon to give
shorthorns who were to compete for prizes as
much Loudon porter as they would drink. (Laughter.)
He thought that efforts should be made to improve the
breed of cattle in remote districts like Wales. By calling
attention to the backward state of stock breeding and agn •
culture in such districts the council would take the first
step towards improvement. He then adverted to the de-
fective state of the dwellings of labourers generally, and
contended that the council might legitimately institute an
extensive inquiry on that subject.
After some diacussios the report was adopted.