The Express.
London, England, 1860-08-18 00:00:00

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LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 18.

Ma. GLAWrors surprised the House of Com-
mons yesterday by asking leave to add a million
sterling to the floating debt of the nation. Ex-
chequer Bonds to the value of 1,000,0001. sterling
expire in November next, and according to un-
derstood arrangements, to which the sanction
of the Holm of Commons had been extended,
were to be replaced by others to the same
amount. )fr. GLanerrona, however, has been
seriously considering the badness of the wea-
ther, the chances of a bad harvest, and the
natural operation of high prices of meat and
bread on the public revenue, and to make things
set and anticipate the necessity of coming forward
as • borrower when grain is being brought into
and money sent out of the resin, to feed the China
war, he asks leave to raise two millions by Ex•
chequer Bonds or Bills instead of one. The first
intimation of the right hon. gentleman's intentio.i
was given in the printed votes yesterday morning,

and as the new loan was the first business of
the mid day sitting, the retolution may be said
to have been submitted at about two hours'
notice. This reminnen of course (lid not pan
without some grumbling, and the CHANCXLLOIL'S
forebodings as to the harvest were also rejected as
unfounded by members of some agricultural expe-
rience. But the loan was nevertheless voted, and
with a great deal more facility than if it had
been announced a month beforehand. Some mis-
called measures of precaution tend to produce the
miachiefs they are desigred to avert : this one is
not of that class. The lateness of the season

makes our harvest prospects very uncertain ; bat a
few weeks of fine settled weather, srch as in the
neighbourhood of London yesterday seemed to
promise, would probably secure us an average home
supply of home-grown food.
The money Mr. Gueirroxit took powers to
raise yesterday may never be wanted to make
good • deficiency in the revenue ; but it w"1
doubtless come in handy to supply the expenditure
of the China war, that leak through which the
country is losing • million sterl;ng • month.
This outlay is taking place at • time whin
Sir G LUAU.% apprehends that " we are not l
"a belligerent relation with China." As Sir JAMB
Gasissu reminded the House, " war has not beau
" declared, and without that any British subject
" who kills a Chinese is guilty of murder." At
present we have not heard that a blow has
been struck. The one thing certain is that all
the money Parliament has voted for the war has
been already spent. The bloodshed is, to be
sure, safe to follow, and its story may engross
attention for a time ; but whenever a Relied of
reflection comes, this enormous expedition will
appear one of the most stupendous follies a
British Cabinet ever committed.

The Resolution adopted yesterday raiszs the rum
voted for the use of the Government since the
meeting of Parliament to 713,400,0001., an amount I
not only unexampled in our peace expenditure,
but exceeding even the average expend'..ure of the
country, aided by loans, for the three finarcial
years in which the charges of the Russian war fell.
And we know, by the accounts from China, that
large as it is, it will be exceeded. The CHANCILLLOS
of the Exce►gres admits that the year is an
anomalous one. To the 70,100,0001. estimated in
February have been added 3,300,0001. for China,
2,000,0001. for fiatificationr, and 1,000,0001. for
paying off Exclsequer Bills. Mr. GLADSTOX6 is not
anxious to defend fh;s enormous expenditure.
It has been forced on him. 11e do not feel SUM

whether he is taking credit to himself or making
an excuse when he pointa out that between him-
self and the public there is • difference of opinion
about the rate at which we are getting through
the money. He says that although he spends •
great deal, the public want him to spend still
more. The right hon. gentleman will do well to
take courage. It is true he has not been well
supported out of doors. Retrenchment suffers
just now, like the reform with which it was once
associated in liberal programmes ; but we shall
not always be willing to construct our batteri.-
with money-bags.

WHILI the House of Commons is occupied in
debating and voting the sums required for the
maintenance of our national establishments, the
Grand Jury of Cheshire has opportunely drawn
attention to one instance in wli;ch penny wisdom
has proved eminently pound foolishness. The
allowances to prosecutors and witnesses in cri-
minal trials have recently been regulated by a scale
emanating from the Home-office. In this scale
the maximum of economy has been aimed at. In
its view, according to the Liverpool Grand Jury,
mankind is divided into two classes. The first
consists of professional men, doctors and lawyers,
and their remuneration is tired at a guinea per
day. The second clam comprises all the rest of
the human race, and the value of their time is
ticeil, by remarkably strained generality, at
Ss t;il. per head per day. The grand jury is
indeed not quite correct in stating that the scale
admits no other distinctions. But it is un.
doubt. illy rivlit in affirming that this rate of
3e. I:d• pvr day is applicable to the great majority

of witnesses. Of the connequesess which follow ,
from so low a standard of remuneration the
Cheshire magistrates are, as regards their own dis-
trict at least, perfectly qualified to speak. Their
evidence is, that it is operating with daily in.
creasing force to impede the detection and convic-
tion of crime. Men will not come forward to pro-
secute for their own wrongs, still less will they come
forward to bear witness to the wrongs of others,
when to do so implies the loss of a day's wages and
the incurring of additional expenses far exceeding
the pecuniary recompense allow: 3. Even the police
have their professional energies blunted by the
same influence. The sum allowed them for
travelling expenses, and for payment of their
necessary expenses while waiting on a trial, is so
inadequate, that a regard to their own interest
makes them only too happy if a case before the
magistrates should turn out not strong enough to
be sent to trial. A like motive induces governors
of gaols to hold back from proving previous con-
victions. Acting thus upon all classes that are
concerned with the immediate punishment of
crime, the Home-office scale is believed by the
Liverpool grand jury to be the true expla-
nation of the present lightnc -1 of the
northern calendars. Its ultimate effect is,
that offences pass undetected in cases where
they might have been detected—that dan-
prous criminals are at large in full pursuit of their
saner, who might have been in prison—and that
a slight economy wrung out of honest witnesses is
balanced to the public by the profits of rogues,
and the premium of immunity which most of all
tends to draw recruits into the ranks of clime.
This Liverpool remonstrance is indeed far from
being the only sound of objection to the Home-
office scale which has reached us. All over the
uorthern counties, that is to say, wherever the
rate of wages is nearly equal to, or is higher than,
the government allowance, similar complaints are
made. Leaving out of few all but the cl as of
labourers, there are many among them in the
manufacturing districts, whose daily pay is five,
seven, or ten shillings ; and probably little labour
of any sort can in such neighbourhoods be obtained
under 3s. a day. But it is obvious that even the
actual rate of daily wages paid to workmen engaged
in a settled employment, and living in its immediate
vie:pity, does not at all represent what is fairly
due for a day abstracted from those of regular
work, and spent in a distant assize town. Mo-e-
-over, where wages are high everything is dear.
The Wiltshire labourer, who lives the year through
an ten shillings a week, may find it possible to pro-
cure refreshments for the day and still save some-

thing out of his three-and-al:pence ; but in Man-
chester or Newcastle, the hungry witness must have
food such as he is accustomed to, and must pay dear
for it, however humble his hostelry. The prac-
tical inequality of the fixed rate thus operates in
a double sense. There is to the northern a:san
more than the loss of his day, which perhaps, if
it were openly taken from him in the name
and for the service of the state, he might not
so much grudge—there is the additional actual
injury of money out of pocket added to the insult
of a pretence of sufficient recompense. That the
Homo-office scale is inadequate even for payment
of expenses incurrad, is, indeed, very clear from
the statements made by the Liverpool magistrates
in reference to the police. With them there is
every motive to aid in the discovery and represeon
of crime, and there can be no possible conntera :S-
-ing influence, except the circumstance that atten-
dance is a loss to them.

Vitt Court.

BALMORAL, Auaowt 16.

The Queen and Prinoe received yesterday the
melancholy intelligence of the death of their aunt the
Grand Duchess Anne of Russia, the eldest and bat sum'
ring sister of the Duchess of Kent, and of the late reign-
ing Duke of Saxe Coburg, who expired after a few days'
illness at her residence Elfenace, near Berne, having nearly
completed her 79th year.
Despatches were sent yesterday from the Colonial-Mace
troths governors of Canada and Newfoundland, and the
Lord High Commissioner et the lonian Islands.

The Earl and Countess of Derby and Lady
Emma Stanley left town yesterday for Knowsley Park,
Luwashire.

The Prinome Gagarine and family have left the
Brunswick Jennyo-street, oa a tour through the Highlands.

Sir William Gibson-Craig, Bait, has left Fen-
ton's Hotel for Scotlsod.

Seldom has the fashimable town of Homburg
been so crowded as this season. Among the English visi-
tors are—The Earl at Radnor, Viscount and ViNCOP•I.
Masserrene, the Earl of Pembroke, Lord and lady Cal.
thorpe, Viscount Maynard, Lady and Miss Dormer, Sir
William Somerville, the Marquis Conyughans and lady
Cecilia Conyugham, General Sir Charles and Lady Via
Straubensoe, Sir J. M. and Lady liasmyth, lady Blanche
Egerton, Mr. and Lady Margaret Baal:moat, Mr. Naiad,
Lady Emma Campbell and Lady Caroline Charter* Sir
Bernard and Lady Berke, to.

The Count and Countess de Peraigny, who have
been visiting Nemirow, in Cornwall, 'the mat of Lady
Moleowerth, arrived on Thursday morning at the South
Devon Railway Station, Plymouth. The French Arnhem-
',dor and anibusedress were also accompanied by Lady
Molesworth, the Marquis and Marchioness of Sligo, the
Marchioness of Alleibury, the Marquis of Bristol, Sir
Cornwallis Ricketts, Colonel Airey, to., and were received
on the platform by Lord Chanter, who took them to a
bonae in the Esplanade, Plymouth Hoe, prepared by his
lordship for his noble visitors. Rear• Admiral Sir Thomas
Feeley, Acting Port-Admiral, placed his yacht at the com-
mend of the count, who, with his friends, proceeded first
to the grounds of Mount Edgecumbe, and then returned to
the Hoe to witness the contest for the prizes at the
regatta.

The customary annual ministerial white bait
boner, 000 01 the preludes to the close of the parliamen-
tary seamen, is appointed to take place on Wednesday next.
The Right Hon. the Speaker of the House at
Commons will give hia annual entertainment to the prin-
cipal officers of that branch of the legislature on Saturday
next, at his official residence in the New Palace of West-
minster.

Lord Stanley of Alderley will •uccoed Lewd
Elgin ad Postminter-GenersL

The Royal Commission appointed to inquire into
the state of the dockyards has suspended its labours, and
will not resume its sittings until the 16th of October.

" The Dean of York has," eaye the York aaaaaaaaaa

' placed the munificent sum of 2,0001. at the disposal et
the chapter, for the purpose of augmenting the salaries of
the ' songmen,' tr in other words, for improving the choir
of York Cathedral. MS handsome donation will, of
gouger, be invested ; and the annual proceeds will enable
the chapter to make some ackl;tions to the present very in.
adequate salaries paid to the singing MO."
The appointment of Sir C. Eastlake as Director
of the NationalOallery has been prolonged. according to the
nap before instituted, for another period of five years.
Mr. Gambart writes to the Atheweeme :—" An
the wording of a paragraph in the Atheneum of last week
(which paragraph du been copied iota nutty other papers)
may possibly suggest to some readers an erroneous idea as
to the price paid by me fur Mr. Holman Hunt's picture, I
ask knee to state the exact facto of the was. I purchased
the picture and copyright, as you "ay, for 5,5001. Bat the
deed of rile nukes no division of this sum into so much for
the picture aed so much for the copyright. The copyright,
lo all caws when no special understanding W the contrary
occarr. goes with the picture. Is she present instance, how-
ever, I am honed by my deal of purchase to have The
Funding of the Saviour in tbv Tcmplo engra,tvl in first-rate
Kyle by as swayer to be approved by Sr. Hunt.—lours,
U.. i Osissass."

TSB ExAms.

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