The Express.
London, England, 1867-10-18 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 18, 1867.

It was then found that sonie logical and consistent
opponent of sanitary measures had privily inserted
into one of the water mains a 5-feet pole, and had
fixed it there by wedges. By degrees this pole
bad got accumulations around it, and the water
supply had become scantier and scantier ! Refer-
ring to other sanitary works in this town, Dr.
BrensNA:v points out their deficiencies. " Every-
" thing," he writes, " seems to have been done by
" halves, the public sewering probably being the
" best part of the works." In Worthing, although
much has been done since the year 1853, there
have been until quite recently defects in the new
system of drainage which have interfered mate-
rially with its success, and have indeed been
directly productive of mortality. Worthing is
: drained into a well, at a distance from the sea,
I whence a pumping engine lifts the sewage into a
I delivery box, from which it is distributed
over some meadows in the neighbour-
hood of the town. The sewers have been
quite unventilated, so that at times, when the
pumping engine has been overpowered and sewage
has backed up the sewers, gas has accumulated
within these, and, under the compression, has
been forced into the dwelling-houses. A serious
outbreak of typhoid in 1865 would seem to have
owed its origin to this cause. In Penzance it
would appear that sufficient time has not yet
elapsed for the improved sanitary works to exert
any material influence over the death-rate. As
regards Ottery, details were not to be procured,
and a general reference is only practicable.
Lastly, there were two towns in which, if we
omit the cholera mortality of 1849, there has
been an increase in the death-rate. At Alnwick
this increase is no less than six per cent ; at
Chelmsford it is smaller, but still appreciable.
Investigation has not yet disclosed any very satis-
factory reason for the failure in improvement at
Alnwick, where the drainage and water supply
seem to be perfect, and no special cause of un-
healthiness is apparent. On the other hand, at
Chelmsford it is noted that, although very much
has been dune for the improvement of the town,
there is to each sort of work some drawback from
complete efficiency. Sewers have indeed re-
placed the old cesspools, but they have discharged
their liquid parts till quite lately into the river,
close to the town, while the full removal of damp
and subsoil water has in no wise been obtained.
The water supply derived from the chalk has been
insufficient, and a further supply has therefore
been procured from a superficial well 15 feet deep,
which, from its position, is exposed to all the im-
purities that subsoil water must necessarily
encounter.

Opponents of sanitary reform may point with
some triumph to the example of Alnwick, and
may dwell on the increase in the death rate of a
town which has been subjected of late years to
great structural alterations intended to increase
its healthiness. But this is only for the moment.
A further investigation will certainly ere long dis-
close a special source of unhealthiness which is as
yet obscured. Alnwick will then take its place,
under happier auspices, in company with those
nineteen towns which have shown, by their steady
reduction in the mortality rates, how disease may
be fought and death itself controlled.

full share of authority. Upon the principle of a mixed
management, and of justice and equality to all religious
confessions, the question of popular education might easily
be brought to a satidactory compromise.

the Court.

BALMORAL, Ocr. 15.

Her Majesty this day, which was the anniversary
of the Queen's engagement to the Prince Consort, inaugu-
rated in the park adjoining Balmoral the statue of the
Prince, which has been cast in bronze by Messrs. Elking-
ton, after the original in marble by Mr. William Theed.
The statue represents the Prince in Highland costume,
his left hand grasping a rile, and his right placed on the
head of his favourite stagbound.
The tenantry of Balmoral, Abergeldie, and Berk Hall,
and that of Invercauld, together with her Majesty's ser-
vants and gillies, were assembled in the park at 11 o'clock.
A guard of honour of the 9:ird Highlanders, under the
command of Captain Hyslop, was drawn up on the
ground.

Shortly after 11, the Queen, accompanied by Prince and
Princess Christian, Princess Louise, Prince Leopold, and
Princess Beatrice, drove to the park, and was received
with a royal salute.

The mite consisted of the 3farchionese of Ely, the Hon.
Mrs. Alexander Gordon, Miu Bauer, Mademoiselle Norele,
Lieutenant-General the Hon. C. Grey, Major-General Sir
T. M. Biddulpb, Colonel Ponsonby, Dr. Robertson, Mr.
Sahl, and Mr. Duckworth.

The Queen and !loyal Family having alighted from the
carriages stood in front of the st►tue, which was covered
with a cloth.

The church choir of Creel° sang the hundredth psalm,
after which a prayer was offered up by the Rev. M. Taylor.
The Queen having ordered the statue to be uncovered,
the cloth was drawn off, and the guard presented arms.
Dr. Robertson approached the Queen, and addressed her
Majesty as follows :
•' May it please your Majesty—The tenants and ser-
vants of your Majesty now assembled have assigned to
me the honour and the privilege of conveying to your
Majesty their humble but grateful thanks for the mag-
nificent memorial of their beloved master which your
Majesty has now been pleased to exhibit to their view.
Permit me to assure your Majesty that we shall ever
look upon that statue not merely ass work of art, however
excellent it is, not only as a memorial of conjugal love
and affection, but as the representation of every noble, of
every manly virtue, as a model fur our humble imitation.
As we look upon that statue it will recall to our minds
the love of truth, the love of all that was good, the love of
being useful to our fellow men ; it will also, I hope, im-
press upon our minds the hatred of vioe, the hatred of
everything selfish, mean, or dishonourable that charac-
terised the living original. The great admonition to each
and all of ns, I hope, will be, ' Go ye and do likewise.'"
At the conclusion of the ceremony the troops fired a
Ifni de joie, and gave three cheers, which was joined in by
all present, and the choir sang " God save the Queen."
Her Majesty and the Royal Family then returned to the
Castle.
Prince Arthur is convalescent.

Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-
office from the Governor-General of Canada, and from the
Governor of Heligoland.

Her Majesty the Queen has presented to the
Eton School Library a copy of " The Early Years of his
Royal Highness the Prince Consort."

His Excellency the Lord-Lieutenant, who is at
present sojourning for a abort time at liaronacourt, has
intimated his acceptance of the invitation from the citi-
zens of Limerick to inaugurate the opening of a new
graving dock in that port. No day has yet been hied for
the ceremony.

The Marquis and Marchioness of Clanricarde,
who arrived in town early in the week from Homburg,
left yesterday for Portnmna Castle, county Galway.
The Earl and Countess of Kinnoull last week
held a harvest festival at Dupplin Castle, in which the
whole of their tenantry and a large party of distinguished
visitors participated. The Rev. Canon Humble, the Rev.
R. F. Smithe, the Rev. Mr. Macnamara, and the Rev. Mr.
Casaane assisted at the gratulatory proceedings. The Right
Rev, the Bishop of Brechin preached the sermon. The
Earl and Countess of Kinnoull, after the religious service,
entertained the Dowager Countess of Kinnoull, the Earl
and Countess of Strathmore, Lady Louisa Moncreiffe and
Miss Moncreiffe, Lord and Lady Rollo, Lord and Lady
Charles Kerr and Misses Kerr (2), Hon. A. Drummond,
Colonel and Mrs. Hay, and numerous other friends.

LATEST INTELLIGINCE.

THE RISING IN THE ROMAN STATES.

The position of affairs in the Papal States and in
Italy remains almost without variation. The Italian
I press and the correspondents of foreign journals in
Italy concur in the expression of their belief that
the Rattazzi government, and even the dynasty
of Savoy, would be endangered if they were to op-
pose the evident desire of the nation to have
Rome as the capital of Italy. They likewise
• repeat—what has been so often announced—that
tan insurrection is imminent in the City of Rome,
I and that the Italian army will have ultimately to
interfere. About the intentions of the Pope con-
flicting statements are made. It is said that, come
what will, he has made up his mind not to
quit Rome, having nothing to apprehend from
the presence of an Italian army in the principal
city of Italy, But it is also asserted that he means
to fly and to take refuge in Munich, and that
directions have been issued to collect all the state
documents of importance and send them to the
Vatican. Catholic volunteers are entering Rome
for the defence of the Pope. The correspondent
of the Liberie, dating from Rome, October 14, says
that on that day 60 volunteers arrived from France
and Belgium, but ho adds that for everyone re-
cruit coming on the Pope's side 100 come to the
Garibaldians from Naples, Florence, Leghorn,
Genoa, Turin, Milan, Bologna, &c. This latter
statement is borne out by the Florence corre-1
spondent of the same journal, who writes :

The great news of the day is the departure for the fron-
tier of the Roman Legion—the Theban battalion—com-
posed almost entirely of Roman exiles. They depart this
evening under the command of Major Ghirelli, a brave
officer, who leaves the ranks of the regular army
to share in the lot of the volunteer' under
Menotti and Nicotera. These 400 volunteers, amongst
whom are Prince de P—, the Marquis S—, and a hun-
dred others of the best families, assembled to-day in small
groups. I shook hands with some friends amongst them,
who pretend not to know what it is all about, but yet who
think that, as men of honour, their place is not Florence
when fighting is going on at the frontier.
There can be little doubt that the intervention
of any foreign element, whether of volunteers or
governments, in the struggle now going on about
Rome will only have the effect of arousing the
spirit of the Italian people to a higher pitch of
enthusiasm, and stimulating them to make in-
creased sacrifices.
The Milan Gazette says :

The national movement is assuming larger proportions
from day to day. The young men of Lombardy are burn-
ing with desire to take part in the Roman insurrection.
Young men from the provinces are continually coming to
our office for information as to how they can enrol them-
selves. If the government delays to resolve the Roman
question in the sense of the national aspir►tions the move-
ment will become general.
The Corriere Sicilian° says :

On Sunday hat a large meeting of Garibaldians was held
in the Church of San Andrea, Palermo, under the presi-
dency of M. Errioo Albanese. An address to Garibaldi
and the Roman combatants was voted by acclamation, and
committees of aid were formed.
The Indipendance Beige says :

The information we receive from Toulon seems to con-
firm the report that a French intervention has been re-
solved upon. The steam frigate La Canada is making
preparation for the embarkation of troops. The Louis X I V.
and La Revanche have been ordered to prepare likewise,
and the horse transport La Seine is getting ready for the
conveyance of horses and artillery. Nothing official has
transpired as to the destination of these vessels, but the
fact of their armament is positive, and the officers are
convinced that they will be ordered to Civita Vecchia.

The LuMpentlance makes the following comment
on the above :
We have already mentioned all the consequences of such
a serious resolution unless it be that the government of
Florence is attempting to make use of the revolutionary
character of the expeditions directed against the Holy See
to obtain from the French government authorisation or
permission to intervene in Rome on its own behalf—a
comedy which would be played cult by the court of the
Tuileries making threatening preparations for • 's-
cowl expedition without having the least inten-
tion of bringing it to bear in time. We must suppose
that the Italians will be in Rome before the allies of the
Pope, and th►t they will be able to maintain themselves
there. This would lead directly to a war between France
and Italy, to the disruption of the peninsular kingdom,
probably also to internal complications in France—it being
impossible to suppose that a war against Italy in support
of the Holy Sxe would be more popular in France than the
expedition to Mexico.

The Emperor Napoleon 1., considering the
claims of the different cities of Italy to be made
the capital of the kingdom. came to the conclusion
that Rome had the superior title. "Opinions," he
says, " are divided as to the proper place for the
capital of Italy. Some point to Venice because it
is of primary importance for Italy to be a
maritime power. Venice, guarded by its situ-
ation from all attacks, is the natural de-
pot of the Levant and of Germany. Commer-
cially speaking it is the point nearest to
Turin and Milan, more so than even Genoa. The
sea brings it near all points on the coast. Others,
influenced by history and old recollections, prefer
Rome. Rome, they say, is more central ;
it is near the three large islands of Sar-
dinia, Sicily, and Corsica ; it is near Naples,
which has the largest population in Italy ;
it is removed by a fair distance from all the vulne-
rable points of the frontier ; whether the enemy
appeared on the French, Swiss, or Austrian
frontier, Rome would be from 120 to 140 leagues
distant ; should the Alpine frontier be forced, it
would still be protected by the frontier of the I
Po, and finally by the frontier of the Apennines ;1
that France and Spain are great maritime Powers
without a maritime capital ; that Rome, being
near the coasts of the Mediterranean and the Adri
atic, would be able to make easy and rapid provi.
sion for the defence of the Isonzo and the Adige,
by the Adriatic from Ancona and Venice ; that
by the Tiber, Genoa, and Villafranca, it could pro-
vide for the defence of the frontier of the Var and
the Cottian Alps ; that it is well placed for annoy-
ing by the Adriatic and the Mediterranean the
flanks of an army which would have
crossed the Po, and find itself involved
in the Apennines without being masters of the sea ;
that from Rome the stores of a great capital could
be conveyed away t, Naples and Tarentum out of
the reach of a victorious army ; that it has far
more resources for meeting the wants of a great
capital than any city in the world, and,
above all, that it has in its favour the
magic and grandeur of its name : We also
think, although it has not every requisite of a capital,
that it is without doubt the capital which the Italians
will one day choose."

AUSTRIA AND THE ITALIAN QUESTION.

The Dibatte of Vienna, a government journal,
publishes the subjoined article on the Roman

question :
It is necessary to modify the convention of September,
not only on account of the Romeo question itself, but,
generally, in regard to the other European powers. Must
Rome be abandoned exclusively to the insurgents in case
they should ultimately prove victorious ? Are the Mazzi-
Mans to be allowed to sacend the Capitol, thence to spread
disturbance and agitation throughout Italy and the rest of
Europe? This cannot be wished for by anyone
who sincerely desires that peace should be main-
tained, and that the agitation should be confined

within the narrowest limits posaible. What, then,
is to be done? Is France to intervene directly?
The convention of September itself is opposed to this, for
Francs cannot intervene abler the Italian government
should employ its troops end its influence to light up the
Base of insurrection in Rome. But, ►part from this,
ought France to intervene in favour of Rome, and of the
maintenance of the present state of things there, when the
Papal government has done nothing to secure any duration
of the convention ? This would constitute an act of de-
votedness which is scarcely in harmony with the interested
politics of our epoch. At present the interest of France
is to abstain from violently opposing Italy, for to do so
would be to drive her into the arms of Prussia. The
latter is ready to receive her ; it is keenly watching for
the moment in which it may enfold Italy to it• heart.
What Prussia ardently desires its the breaking out of •
serious conflict between France and Italy ; and in this
respect it is very significant that the Berlin official organ,
the North demon Gazette, should watch with interest the
movements of the insurgents, and should deplore the fate
of the Garibaldians. The conflict in question diverts the
attention of France from the machinations of Prussia, and
permanently binds together the latter and Italy. To fore-
see the nature of the modifications of the convention of
September bas yet impossible ; but some changes in it are
at present regarded as certain. Europe is on the eve of
some decisive act which cannot fail to exercise a profound
influence upon the future character of political relations.