The Express.
London, England, 1859-09-20 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 20, 1859.

calm view of the circumstances out of wb;ch the
nand interruption of peace wit► that Ein-
Ore has arisen. Bnoe the receipt of the
Ant telegraphic report of the climatic at the 'aka
forts reached England, ten days ago, detailed re-
ports from the spot have modified somewhat the re.
presentations under which the first conclusions of
the public were formed. Mach indeed that is essen-
tial to a full understanding of the conduct of the
Chinese authorities remain. to be told, and although
it is of all things most improbable that anything
that they can urge will remove from them the tarn
of gross bad-taith, yet it may prove upon inqui•y
that the causes which have brought 114 ags'n into
armed collision with them may have existed ea much
in the circumstanose of their political situation as in
a malevolent intent.

What strike" • reader of the published accounts of
the recent expedition to the Peso who has also read
the last Blue-book on Chia*, is the awkward man-
ner in which Mr. Bacca's wires of action pieces on,
so b speak, to that pursued by I. red BLOM.
That noble Earl was well aware of the immense
difficulty of overcoming the reluctance of the Chinese
Government to receive a British Minister at Pekin,
and tried to remove it. As far as spr nes, Mr. BRIMS
recognised no difficulty in the matter. He sailed
straight up the river, having chosen that route.
until he came to the booms, and then, finding his
course obstructed, placed himself in the hands of the
ADYtitAL. No doubt this is the way the represen-
tative of Great Britsin should go. We at home
should have been greatly and justly d`ssati►fied if
our envoy had made his way to Pekin at the price
of humiliatingcoccessious, and appeared in the capital
rather as a prisoner than as the representative of a
powerful nation. But why was this not thought of
before the war was closed? Why were we all
taught to believe that the war wu concluded, while the
deliberate intention was still entertained of sending
an armed squadron up the river to within thirty miles
of Pekin? If it was so difficult to persuade the
lbermitoa to receive a foreign ambassador in his
capital while the terror of oar arms was fresh in
eseesery, it night be expected that the approach of
half a scare of gunboat', and thirteen hundred men,
to within thirty miles of the capital, would not be
regarded as a friendly proceeding. The triumphal
escort of our Minion'. to Pekin was in fact a legiti-
mate part of the war, and to reeervelt for the present
time was to place the treaty and every acquisition
it stipulated in jeopardy.
All this, however, does not excuse the conduct Of
the Chinese Government. They were treated with
great consideration in the framingof the treaty.

They bad evety reason to put faith in our pre.
mien and intentions. If d;fficulties presented
themselves, it was for their agents to seek oat
oar Envoy, and consult with him ea to the mesas Of
diminishing or removing them. Instead of that
they appeer to have secreted themselves. At any
rate they were not at the forts of TAR to explain
the resist•ue to oar advance, and avert a muffin'
between the two nation. Nothing can be suggested
to impair our right to resume the war which Lord
ELGIN'S negotiations were supposed to have termi-
nated, but, in fact, only scspended. For the mks of tba
future and lasting peace of the Eastore trust it will be
prosecuted with s:gour until the Chinese Oovernment
is thoroughly convinced that its true interests are'
bound up with a policy of good faith end free inter-
course. A great deal has been said during the put
week about the revenge which hes to be taken for the
lives lost last June. Such language 's regrettable,
because it exhibits us in a charactur which we uni-
formly fail to justify. When we fight, it is for poli-
tical objects which we believe at the time to be
adequate to the sacrifice ; revenge we leave to
savegee. Oar business is to vindicate our honour,
and by our presence in arms, in the first city of the
Chinese empire, to dispel for aver the fatal illusions
which, nourishing arrogance and mistrut, have per-
petuated a system of exclusiveness only interrupted
by insensate collisions with European Powers.

General Mansfield will be appointed Commando
in-Chief of the Bombay army.

CDs Court.
BALUORkL, Berr.lB.

Her Majesty, accompanied by the Princess Louisa,
sad attended by Lady Chorehill, drove to Alto/quack yes-
terday.
The Priors Ccenext west oat deer•atalkieg.
The Prince of Wales sad the Count de Fl.odres went cot
deer Malkin.

The Princessee Alke sad Helena, end Prince Arthur, rcde
oat yeeteedey.

The Royal dinner party ineinici the Primes Alim, the
Prince of Wales, the Count de Flandres, Lord John Russell.
Mt,. mil Miss Far inharson of Invereated, and the Ladies
and Gentlemen in Waiting.

Mr. Ross had am iotwview with tho Dcke of Newcastle
yesterday se the Colostal-otheet.
Viecovot Palmerston has returned to Ma seat, Broadlands,

Sir ititaaader Spearman had sa interview with the Chaa-
collar of the )3:chequer yesterday at his otilLial :re-Wm:ice la
Duvall) g•eiree t.

The bake of Newcastle left London yesterday afternoon
for his seat, Clamber-park.

Deopetchas from the Governors of Gibraltar, Naito, Ceylon,
Hoeg Kong, the Na,r,tius, Australia, New Zealand, and
the North Anaeriesn proviso's, wen reriv.:d yesterday at

Desp. taws won mot to tge Gove.:kors

of Ceyloo, Hoag Hoeg, Malta. Otbrthez, end Labuith
to the Lord High Commteeheter et the locks LAusde.

The Prince Doris Paraphili, accompanied by his
goo, the Prises Oatmetto, has ertiv:l at Claridge's Hotel,
from Pam.

The Duke and Duchess d'Aumale, with the Carat
de l'irla, in Imported oa a vlalt to Lind Ainsworth, at
Ail stop Pia, Northumberland.

Toe Earl of Howth hrl left Claridge's Hotel foe
Hewett Cam* sea Dublin.

Prince Caartoriaki and the Princess Curtoriaka,
alit &agate+ a Gloom Casaaims have strived at Biarras.

The Piiece Regent of Prussia cantina's at Udall
Ind in that neighboorttood. Ragagemeats nods by lira I
with regard to the permanent bridges os the Mine will ma-
im the promos of his royal highsem this. is sons Our a
/mum of ismenity; sod a family rirmies la to be held at
Baden on th• 30th Men et, an the occasion of the birthday
of the Primer of Pronto. The Pelee Regent, the Pars 3
and Priam. Fredenct Malian, and ell the other members
of the royal family who cto 001311tniently &nand are ex-
pected to make their appearanro
A public meeting is to be held in Waterford, on
Thursday evening next, to petition government for a free
pardon to the political exile, Mr. T. F. Meagher.

The Times publishes a Wag artier, signed " Ver.
perille," Sating of " how to navigate the air." The writer
twinge es at last to the e Instruction of a steemmogine, which
cmikl move wings equal to liftiag 1-10th, or even 120th, of
its owe weight, but then the difficulty remains how to deal
with the remainder. In defeats," he nye, "of any other
mama °ideating with it, I would suggest that it be balanced
by the Mimi power of • talloon. Is this combination. be It
observed, the whole machine would net be buoyant. Eves
this modified see of • Woos is open I. great objectless,
Maw he power exercised over it by the slightest current
of air would be very great, and the experiment could only
be tried in • tranquil atmosphere ; bet, in &dash of asy
machine capable of lifting the trials of eta own woigat,
Uwe moo to be ao shots& in but to she od part if than
weight by a balloon. hly belief is that each a arobloo,
whoa he whip were put In liiodol3, eat when it rose hum
the posed, would be foetid imitable of being directed, sad
that the direction of i's flight would be determined by that
to which its wisp wore Kt."

LATEST INTELLIGENCE,

THE CONFERENCES.
ZURICH, BM. 20.

Yesterday, after the arrival of a French courier,
the Plenipotentiaries of FISII01) avid Austria held a
conference lasting three hours.

SARDINIA.

The Corriere Mercantile of the 17th says that
the deputation from the Assembly of Bologna will
be received by Victor Emmanuel on the 24th, at the
town of Monza. What answer the King will return
is the chief subject of disoulsion in Turin at the
present moment. It is rumoured that the arrival of
the deputation will be the signal for a simultaneous
attack by the Duke of Modena, who is said to be
fn canmand of 10,000 men, and by the Papal troops,
who are in force near Rimini.

EXPRESS FROM PARIS.

(=Olt OUR OWN

PARIS. MONDAT EviNINO.

The Duke of Padone's circelar concerning the
press, wills giving reasons—for the most part very
bad ones—why the hopes lately cherished of eman-
cipation from the regimen of bon plaisir are to be
disappointed, does convey a sort of promise that the
arbitrary power which the government is determined
not to part with will in future be used with more
tenderness and circumspection than it has hitherto
been. Although the system of warnings and ad-
ministrative suppressions is declared to be no tem-
porary invention born of a political crisis, but a
permanent principle " necessary to the interests of
society," and " essentially connected with the resto-
ration of authority in France, and the constitution
of the unity of power on the basis of universal suf-
frage," the prefects are instructed, if I read the
manifesto aright, not to restrict freedom of discus-
sion except in cases where it oversteps the bounds
of due respect to " the oonatitation, to the legitimacy
of the imperial dynasty, to order, morality, and
religion." The Minister of the Interior says em-
phatically that the government is far from wish-
ing to impose a "servile approbation of its acts,"
and will always tolerate bond fide discussion of
them. In the next sentence, however, we find that
" systematic opposition and calculated hostility " are
things not permissible, and that the discussion
which it makes a merit of enduring is discussion cal-
culated to support and " enlighten " its authority.
When such principles are enunciated by the govern-
ment in its most liberal mood, it is easy to see that
no journal will really be able to writs freely upon
any question of importance upon which there may
be any serious conflict of opinion. Still I
believe that the government, deceiving itself as to I
the nature and essence of liberty, of which it ia not
surprising that it should know very little, is for
the moment sincerely desirous of encorragiog the
journals to write as if they were not in daily dread
of the lash. I presume that the Duke de Padova
cannot mean to follow the practice of his
predecessors, who, as it came out at the
Montalembert trial, were in the habit of
sending private orders to the newspapers to refrain
from el allusion to such and such subjects, and I pre-
sume also that no prefect under his orders will here-
after dictate articles of " servile approbation," and
compel their insertion in provincial papers under
the signature of the editor. I dare say, if things
go on pretty smoothly, it will be a long while be-
fore any Pc-is journal gets another warning. The
papers know how unsafe is the ground on which they
stand, and are not likely to be too venturesome.
Tke Opinions of Turin, in its number of Sept.
16, contains an interesting article by M. Massimo
d'Areglio. It was written on September 10, before
Victor Emmanuel's answer to the Parmese and
Modenere deputations was known. To make Italy
a great and independent nation has been, he says,
the constant object of the princes of Savoy and the
peoples of the peninsula for centuries.
Central Italy, abandoned to herself, hes taken
the present opportunity to act Voce do se).
She has proclaimed her union with Piedmont;
she calls her king Victor Emmanuel. Such is the
.form in which the work of thirty generations has
now developed itself. Who shall dare to take upon
himself the responsibility of saying, " We will not
have this ?" If the union seemed impossible two
months ago, the separation is impossible now. The
union exists de hire, and it will exist so long es it
is not destroyed by a reversal of the popular vote.
If Victor Emmanuel be not a legitimate king at
Florence, Bologna, Modena, and Puma, why is not
the Count of Chambord a legitimate king at
Paris ? • • • • All probabilities ere in
favour of the success of the new united
kingdom, provided our statesmen show them-
selves equal to the occasion. The support
of England does not seem to me doubtful. It cannot
be disagreeable to England to see the possibility of
a great increase of power taken away from France
and Austria, and at the Name time to see an end put
to a perpetual menace of a general war. France,
on the other hand, can have nothing to fear from a
state of twelve millions of souls, which will owe its
existence to her, and which osrtainly can never have
any ally bat herself.
There were a good many purchases in the Rents
at the opening of 'the Bourse, which brought the
quotation for account up to 69fr., bat it fell back in
less than a quarter of au hour to 68fr. 75c., and did
sot afterwards recover, the market remaining all
day in the inanimate state in which it has so long
been. The closing prices were 68fr. 70c. for cash,
and 68fr. GSc. for account, being a fall from Satur-
day of 6c. and 13c. litobilier rose 6fr. The Northern
and Western railways fell 6fr. each ; in the other
i'nes there is no change.

Judge Rua has offered a reward of 10,000 k. for
the recovery of his infant, and publishes a minute
description of it in the Moniteur and rdi the journals.

RUSSIA.

the St. Peeraburq Gazette publishes the follow-
ing telegram, addressed to the Emperor by Price*
Bariatinaky :

READ-QUARTERS, AT THE AOUL OP
KEGHERA, Ago. 22 (Sere. 3).
I place et the feet of your lospertsl Majesty my respectful
ceogralulst:ons on the occeeton of your /e le.
From the Olden Sea to the milli try road of Georgia
the whole of the Ceti:4olS is Ali. cted to your sceptre;
48 guns, all the fortresses, end a stronghold of the Amoy
ars In our hands. I have whited in person Karats, Tlok,
1601, Okhoulgo, Ghimty, Outsonkoul, Ts stanykh, Rhona-
Aida, Tditl, Rouddgjs, end Telokh.
I am actually laying siege to Gbounfb, when Schemyl has
Ant LlEsettlf in a Oh 490 toorids.

Aiehrde-Caeop-General Peace BASIATTIMY.
[The capture of Scheoryl and fell of Ghounib have
already been announced by telegraph.]

The journals of C,onipiigne announce that prep.•
rsticea are Wag made la the palace of the town for the re.
caption of tha Emperor mad the Brapnear, sad that lavita•
doss for the grand heating peeks which thair Mapetles
propose to give daring their clay these hen already been
oat oat.

ITALY.

PIEDMONT.

(riox ova sraclAL

TURIN, Rem 16, 6 PIC
As I arrived here on my way to Central Italy I
found the people of the capital were busily engaged
in preparing all aorta of festive demonstrations for

the reception of the deputations which, as you are
already informed, have been sent by Modena and
Parma to present to Victor Emmanuel the unanimous
votes of their popular Assemblies. I therefore
thought it convenient that I should stop here for
two days, since, although your able correspondent
here will have sent you full particulars about this
_ .

11/4011111 OCCILITtI3O6: two veriione of the tale are

better than one.

The Deputies arrived at the railway station a
little after 12 o'clock this morning, and were en-
thusiastically received by a dense crowd of people,
who occupied the entire space from the railroad ter-
minus through the streets leading to Via Naova and
the Piazza di Castello, which were all adorned with
flap and flowers.

The honourable task of representing Modena on
such a solemn occasion had devolved upon Count
Ancini, Professors Zini and Selmi, Dr. Sacerdoti,
and the distinguished advocates Brizzolari and Mura-
tori, the last named gentleman being a descendant

of the illustrious Italian historian. The Marquises

Dal and Mi.lebi, Count Saavitale, Professor Fioruzzi,

. , .
and the celebrated Maestro Verdi, were the Com-
m'vionere tent by Farina. From the designation
...

preceding the names of these gentlemen, you will
see that all the educated and intelligent classes of
the inhabitants of those little States were repre-
sented in the deputation', a circumstance naturally
increasing ;the moral weight of the solemn act the
deputations were called to perform.

The recent votes of Modena and Parma, together
with that of Tuscany, prove beyond any reasonable
doubt the solid growth of Italian nationality, and
have not only given the most substantial testimony
in favour of the policy of Victor Emmanuel and his
Ministers, but have shown that the events of late
year. have greatly strengthened the popular cause in
Italy. Now, it seems to me that the difficulty
of Central Italy may be fairly reduced to

hese simple questions diplomacy disposed to
punish with anarchy a people who ask for order
and liberty P Is it thought desirable to force
these populations to have recourse to a
general revolution only because they are firmly de-
termined to ask that order and reason should go
together in the settlement of their affairs as amongst
the meet enlightened nations of Europe? For the
sake of present civilisation I hope that such will
not be the care, and that even Imperial despotism
will shrink from the mad attempt to force back
upon a generous and enlightened people the wretched
dynasties which for the last twenty-four years have
been the greatest scourge that has afflicted and dir
graced mankind in this century.
To return to my narrative. As soon as the depu-
tations arrived at the Hotel de l'Europe the multi-
Cade, who were standing by thousands in the Piazza
di Castello, burst into a roar of exultation, and so
welcomed the presence of their new fellow-
citizens. After a little while the Commissioners
made their appeuanos on the large balcony of the
hotel, from which old Count Sanvitale and Professor
Fioruzsi addressed the eager crowd. They said that
the work of national independence was nearly ea-
oomplished, for the Dubin' of Puma and Modena
had at last east off the sway of their former rulers
and were determined to be united to Piedmont. The

speeches were of course enthusiastically cheered, and
the words "Long live the King," "Long live
Italy," were repeated with acclamation by the by-
ahnders.

The great Italian composer, Verdi, was the llen of
this popular ovation, for the Tininess could not for-
get at that moment how the family nrme of the cele-
brated maestro had been employed as one of the
first manifestations against Austria.

At 1 o'clock the National Guard began to defile
before the deputies, who had by this time been
joined by a great number of members of the two
houses of the Subalpine Parliament. When the
military show was over, the deputies retired to their
apartments, waiting for the state carriages which
were to convey them to the royal palace. I had
been fortunate enough to get a note of admission to
be present at the ceremony of their introduction.

A few minutes after 3 o'clock the deputation of
Parma and Piacenza was ushered into the royal pre-
sence. The task of presenting the address of the
National Assembly had devolved upon Count Sanvi-
tale, who made a short sir ecb, in which the hopes
and the devotion of the Psi meatus were elcquently
expressed. Victor Emmanuel, who was surrounded
by his ministers and by the great dignitaries of the
state, was greatly moved, and was obliged to wait a
few minutes before answering the address.
The telegraphic wires will have already brought

to you the royal answer, so it is needless that I
should repeat it here. It was a condition►l accept-
ance, framed on the same pattern as that of the reply
which he made to the Tuscan deputies. His Majesty
delivered it in that firm and straightforward manner
which distinguishes all his political acts end
behaviour.
Then came the turn of the Modenese deputation,
who had chosen for spokesman Professor Muratori.
As you are also aware, the royal answer in this case
was not very different to the former, for it wu in-
spired by the same political prudence which had
dictated that one.
At half-put three the solemn reception was over,
and the two deputations retired to their abode,
amidst the cheers of en immense crowd, which by
that time had gathered before the royal residence.
This evening there will he a state dinner at court,
in honour of these Parmesan and Modenese delegates,
after which I hear the city sill be illuminated.
Leaving aside all Italian exaggeration, I think
that the two deputations could not have been more
enthusiastically received ; and this proves how the
idea of annexation has now become popular even
amongst that class at Piedmont.** codiai who before
the war were so much opposed to the enlargement
of the Subalpine Kingdom. I really do not know
bow the French Emperor will be able to turn a deaf
ear to the deliberate and earnest vial.. of then
people whom be promised to hand over to their former
rulers at the Villafranca meeting. At any rate, his
Imperial Majesty may be enured that the Italians of
the Duchies have made up their mind to fight it out
should diplomacy be unwise enough to insist on restor-
ing the dethroned princes. M. de Helmet, who has
just passed through Turin on his way back to Paris,
seems to think that the vote of the three Italian
assemblies must be viewed as the result of Piedmon-
tea. pressure. Such at least was the opinion ex-
pressedto
thathere till
yt
tthheelostFrotenoctohoodtipploomattoosonotist, w, hmoidneo.
doubt, had received his inspiration from high quar-
ters in Paris. Both he and Prince Ponistowsky
were sent to Italy with this for their mot d'ordre.
In spite, however, of their opinion, I may be allowed
nese, and Tuscans complained that the Sardinian
government had abandoned them, so eautioue were

the ministers of the King not to kindle any hope,
which they did not know how to support.
The double-hoed policy of Napoleon has brought
the Italian question to this embarrassing point, bat
he must accept the consequenoes of it. A new
instance of the ambiguity of his conduct is jest now
showing itself with regard to Venice. In spite of
Austrian terrorism, the population of that unhappy
sister of Lombardy had appointed a deputation with
the mission of going to Paris and London to plead
the cause of their country. Counts Oivatiniani and
Pandolfini were selected, together with the distin-
guished lawyer Avessni, now residing in London
far that purpose. The two former noblemen had
already made their preparation to start for France,
when the requisite visa was refused them by the
French ambassador here, on the pretext that they
were not Sardinian but Austrian subjects.
You see how the Imperial policy recurs to all sorts
of expedients in order to bafile the generous attempts
the Italians are making to gain their independence:
The consequence of this will be moat disastrous, not
only to Italy but to all Europe, if England hesitates
to throw the weight of her influence in the balance
on the side of justice and right. Let us hope, there-
fore, that Lord John Russell and his colleagues will
perceive at last the danger of allowing the ruler of
France to be the only arbiter of all great European
questions.