The Express.
London, England, 1866-08-27 00:00:00

THE MOVEMENT IN CANDIA.

A letter from Syra, dated August 16, published
in the ParisMonitcur of yeiterday, gives the follow-
ing account of the origin and progress of the move-
ment in Candi& :

The news to the oth August which we receive free the
island of Candi& Ma slot without • metals amount of
gravity. About four months ago, au is well known, the
Christians, who are all of the Greek race, aseembled
peacefully, and wittiest arros,i amt addremed a petition to
the Sultan, asking for the abolition of various onerous
taxes, and the introduction of certain ameliorations in
the condition of the roods, the schools, the hos-
piteis, and the mode of election of the dinvesonks, or
municipal magistrates of the districts. The Grand Vizier,
in the name of the Sublime Porte, sent on the 19th of July
the reply of the government to the governor.general.
This document, while blaming the conduct of the inhabi-
tants, and urging them to dissolve the assembly of the
delegates if they did not wish to be compelled to do so
by force, recalls the generous measures of which Crete has
several times been the object, and maintains the payment
of the Mum imposed with the object of meeting the deficit
of the imperial treasury. The Pasha having acquainted the
delegates with the resolutions adopted at Constantinople,
the merobers of the central committee assembled on the 9fith
July at Prospero, in the canton of Apocorona, addressed
to the Grand Vizier • reply, in which they profess re-
spectful fidelity to the Sultan, while complaining that he
has not redressed their grievances, especially as regards
the adininistration of justice, religious equality, the mini-

sips] elections, and the interdiction of the Greek language
in the law courts. The committee sent their reply to the
Grand Vizier through the Governor-General, who refused
to receive it, and they at the same time addressed to the
Christians of the island a proclamation, informing them
that the Porte had refused their requests, and con-
sidered them as rebels, and calling upon them
after invoking the assistance of the protecting powers and
informing the foreign consuls, to defend themselves their
interests, and thiir rights. As might have been expected,
the Governor-General immediately enjoined the members
of the Assembly and all who form part of the groups to
disperse and retire to their homes. In addition to the
Ottoman forces the Porte, in expectation of disorders, has
had recourse to Egyptian troope, and • the Viceroy has
sent about five thousand men, under the orders of
Siam Pasha, who are occupying the village of
Armenous, not far from the spot where the
Christians are encamped. The Turks, established in the
interior of the country, are proceeding to the towns sack
as Canes, Retino, and Candle, in which there are garri-
sons. The Greeks, on the other hand, are concentrating
in the mountain defiles which afford a refuge difficult to
invade, and with which they are thoroughly acquainted.
The Cretons have moreover adopted a flag upon which
is a representation of the Saviour ; but it is to be
]sped that it hill riot Jig gained with blood, notwith-
standing the warlike ardour which animates certain of
the tribes.

The Indipendance Beige says :—" The King of
Greece was obliged to return on the 18th to his
capital, where the news from Candia had caused great
excitement. Under the pretence of forming a cha-
ritable committee in aid of the Candiotes,an appeal
had been addressed to the Greeks which very much
resembled an appeal to arms. A memorandum is
spoken of which the Greek government is, it
said, to address to the powers, and which will
touch upon the delicate questions of annexations
and retilications of frontiers. At Candia itself the
state of things has become so threatening that
the commanders of the various naval stations in
the Levant have each received orders to send a ship
of war before the town. The French admiral's fri-
gate has left Syra for that destination."

Maid anis antlitsrp.

CHATHAM, Auoutrr 26.

An order has been received at this dockyard from
the War Department, announcing that the new descrip-
tion of guns with which it is intended to arm the new sloop-
corvette Reindeer, 7, 200-horse power, fitting in dock, can-
not be ready until early in October, and that the vessel
must therefore be delayed proceeding to sea until after that
period. It was intended to undock the Reindeer to-mor-
row, but in consequence of the hydraulic testing of her en-
gines and machinery having resulted in the discovery yes-
terday of some defects in her condenses, and other por-
tions of her new machinery, she will be detained in duck
until the end of the week, to allow of time for them to be
made good.
Yesterday a brigade field-day of the whole of the troops
forrmming this garrison was held on Chatham lines by Major-
General Sir Robert Walpole, K.C.B. The troops were
drawn up near the flagstaff at 10 o'clock, n.m., and received
the major-general and his staff with the customary salute.
After marching past in slow and quick time the entire
force broke into divisions and executed a variety of
manceuvres, in which they were engaged until nearly 1
o'clock, when they returned to their respective quarters.

Tim FINSBURY Rtri.E.4.—On Saturday the
Borough Challenge Cup, presented by Alderman Lack,
M.P., to the Finsbury corps, was shot for at the Uranus
range, Essex. The cup is tired fur every quarter, and the
member who wins it most times out of eight will keep it,
when the worthy alderman will present another of the
like value—M. The ranges were 200, SOO, and GOO yards,
five shots at each, and no sighting shots or previous firing
on the san.e day. The scores made were—Colon -Sergeant
While, 47 ; Corporal Houton, 39; Private Struvell, 38 ;
Private Bride, 37; and Captain Hislop. 34. The first-
named wins the cup this quarter. On this occasion Colonel
Matthews, the commandant who succeeded Colonel Penton,
was introduced to the members of the corps on the ground
by Colonel Crawley, the adjutant.
SIGNALS roe ALL NATIONS.—The report of the
naval committee of the Royal United Service Institution
on loss of life at sea contains the following refoninoe to
the commercial code of signals which has been some time
in use in all her Msjesty's ships, and which is now exclu-
sively used in the French navy and merchant service, as
well as at all their signal stations :—" A very efficient
code of signals has been prepared under the direction of
the Board of Trade. The code has been made interna-
tional. It is much to be regretted that, owing probably
to want of practice, so many masters of merchant vessels
appear to be unable to understand a signal, and return by
the same means an intelligible answer. Most valuable
opportunities of communicating the most important intel-
ligence are thus daily lost. When ships are passing each
other, such intelligence might often lead to diminution of
loss of life and property at sea. by giving notice of the
positions of wrecks, and in war of enemy's vessels, declara-
tions of war, embargoes, blockades, quarantines Itc."
PRESTON BANK.—The business of this bank was
remained on Saturday, after a suspension of five weeks.
During the day a good business was done ; many thousands
et pounds were deposited, and the executive of the bank
are now very hopeful as to the future. Mr. Gillett, the
manager up to the time of the stoppage of the bank, has
resigned, and his post has been filled by Mr. G. B.Dalby, of
London. The Blackburn and Lancaster branches are to he
discontinued.
DEATH BY Lumrrytso.—On Saturday evening
an inquest was held at the Town Haft, Gravesend, before
Mr. Hilda., the borough coroner, relative to the death of
Andreae Melees, mate of the Norwegian barque Regatta,
who was killed by lightning at sea during a storm on the
17th inst. The vessel was from Memel, and the deosseed
was on deck when he was struck dead by the electric fluid.
The ship was not injured. On the vessel arriving off
Graveasnd on Thursday the body was landed. Captain
Andersen, the rosebud the Regatta, said he did not
the body at sea in consequence of there being a canton.
aausget Norwegians not to so dispose of the dead when
the vessel was within eight days' mail Boca land, but to
bring it to shore for interment. The coroner said the cap-
tain would have to pay the costs of the inquiry and the
burial of the body. The jury found that the deceased
was killed by lightning.

[TWOPENCE

TEE PRESIDENT OF THE BRIirISH ASSO-
CIATION ON POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY.

to the
darrhY
"I"i4gro rasi"terlDlTollaPPesnOF
wrili.Newo of to-
fily—The students of political philosophy will
owe you thanks for what you have in quaiifi-
cation of the strictures passed upon it by-the Presi-
dent of the British Association. Perhaps they
will wish that you had added a word of warning
on certain idols *eau which science, when she
gives herself these well-deserved ovations, is natu-
rally a little apt to adore.

If there is any political philosopher, however
chimerical, who does not appeal in hia speculations,
to experience, not only are his writings unknown
to me, but it posses my powers of imagination to
conceive what they can contain. &eyes and
Fourrier appeal at every step to what they suppose
to be our experience of human natures and of
the modes in which it can be influenced land con-
trolled.

It is true that political philosophy also notices,
and as at present advised will continue to notice,
what the President calls " therevolstioniry ideas
of the so-called natural rights of man." One hears
the hum of applause as science thus sioasonably
bears her testimony to the wiado.M.Of political re-
action. Her voice will be giateful to the ear of the
aelfialuiss which it is the grand &lin of political
philosophy to eliminate from the community, as it
is the grand aim of moral philosophy to eliminate
it from the individual man. But I wonderliow far
the President goes. Is there, in his opinion, no
such thing as natural right 1 Are there no first
principles of political morality from which rational
conclusions can be deduced 1 Is there nothing which

conscience bids you render to a member of the
same community, independently of political sta.
tidies ?I We must look for something like
scientific precision on these points, before we can
venture to change the method of political philosophy
in the manner which the President preicribes.
" The study of the gradual progressive changes
arising from changed circumstances, changed wants,
changed habits"—this is the duty to which the
President consigns political philosophy for the
future. But there is at least one other class of
phenomena to which he must allow us to attend if
he wishes to be preserved from revolutions—the
dangerous emotions which are produced in large
bodies of men by the denial of natural right.
" The continuity of the history of our own race"
is not a new revelation, nor, in its soundest and
most fruitful form, was it suggested by the dis-
coveries of " the microscope." But if it be proved
that " =Aare has no cataclysms," it is not yet
proved, and therefore cannot, consistently with
the severely rational character of science, be as-
sumed,that the observation of physical nature fur-
nishes a complete key to the mystery of the moral
world. If history has no cataclysms, it has mo-
ments of high aspiration and corresponding effort ;
and it is in this way, so far as our present
knowledge of the facts extends, that the
Mink fendition of communities and of hu-
manity advances, rather than by any pro-
cess analogous to vegetable growth. The formal
continuity of the " constitution of which we are
proud," is a curious and important though some-
what isolated fact ; but it would be unsafe to build
a theory of the moral world, and of the proper
method of investigating it, upon the substantial
identity of our present government by a House of
Commons and a cabinet with the almost despotic
government of the Tudors, or with the feudal mo-
narchy of the Anjevin kings.
The President describes the English constitution
as "the growth of time, thelproduct of slow adapta-
tions, resulting from continuous struggles." I confess
I do not quite see bow the product of continuous
political struggles would differ from the product of
a series of revolutions. But what was the ani-
mating motive of these struggles ? If the language
of those who took the loading part in them may be
trusted, it was not any Darwinian reflections on
the necessary progress of the species, but the 4esire
of giving effect to " first principles," and of vindi-
cating " natural right." _ .

Philosophy may surely appeal to Science, in the
name of all that is most scientific, not dogmati-
cally to deny the possible existence of two spheres
of thought until the great phenomena of human
consciousness have been reconciled with the theory
that there is only one.
In authoritatively applying his scientific theory
to politics, the President was, as you say, "extend-
ing his survey beyond the range of topics comprised
in the scope of the Association." Political philo-
sophy is nut represented in that assembly ; and the
President when he attacks it is an h:olus hurling
his trident in an empty hall, and striking nothing
but the winds.--I am, &c.,
GOLDWIN SMITH.

A public meeting, convened by the City branch
of the Reform League, is announced to be held on Thurs.
day next, in Dartholomew-close, to consider the conduct
of Governor Eyre in Jamaica, and to protest against the
people of England being in any way identified with the sen-
timents uttered by horde Shrewsbury and Talbot, Hard-
wick., and Cardigan, at the banquet at Southampton. A
deputation from the Jamaica committee will attend. A
similar meeting will be held on Clerkenwell-green Ott the
following Monday evening.
GREAT FlRE.—lane of the most extensive and
dertructireconiligratione with which the metropolis hasteen
visited for some years broke out yesterday morning, shortly
before one o'clock, on the premises of Messrs. Holland and
Hannon, formerly Wineland and Holland, builderi, of
Duke-street, New Ozford-street, and which threatened to
involve not only the whole of tie adjacent distillery of
Means. Tanqueray and Co., and the houses forming the
whole of the western side of Museum-street, but also those
on the northern side of Broad-street, St. Gilee's. In addi-
tion to the immense workshops of Messrs. Holland, the
spacious timber yard, containing stacks of timber piled in
height to a level of the roofs of the adjoining houses, were
One masa of flame, the fire shooting so high tote tits Or as
to completely overlap the houses forming the Museum.
street boundary, and almost reaching the frontages of
those on the other side of the street. Although sandy
the whole of the Fire Brigade force, and hand steam-
eensggirna were on the spot and in fall operation, yet the
didiculties of getting at the burning mass were very great.
The flames ascended so high into the air that the steeple
of St. Giles's Church, the summit of the Royal Dalian
Opera and Drury-lane Theatre, the steeples of St. Mary-
le-Strand and St. Martin's Churches, were completely
brought out by the illumination ; and the stupendous out-
line of the dome, cross, and upper portion of St. Paul's
Cathedral, and, indeed, all the more lofty buildings, al-
most for miles round, might be Web from various positions
by the immeme light produced by the conflagration. Great
apprehensions were entertained lest there should -be an
explosion, as in close vicinity to the burning mass, in
Museum-street, there was an extensive napbthawarebosse.;
Se sudden and rapid was the progress of the lire after
first breaking out that the inhabitants of the houses in
Museum-street had scarcely time to escape before the flames
came pouring against their back windows. Many engines
attendee, and the fire, from want of food and application
of water, began, in some measure, to abate at about two
o'clock. It was near eleven o'clock yesterday morning be-
foe. the firemen were enabled to leave the place, the
In baring cutimuntlid property to the amount of many
thousand pounds; and it is estimated that the loss expe-
rienced by the workmen in their tools will reach above
2,0001. Crowds of people visited the spot yesterday. It
la believed that the fire originated in the engine-house,
but a minute inquiry will be made to-day.