The Express.
London, England, 1860-10-06 00:00:00

ITALY.

NAPLES.
peer cent smut, 0011101KIWIR.)
CULIBALDr6 OUTPOSTS OF SANTA MAFIA.
NEAR CAPUA, Seer. p, 4 es.
The day before yesterday appearances indicated
that the Neapolitan* were going at hue to attack
our !Ines. They entrenched camp of Cajasso was
pertly r.moved, seal a great concentration of thew
tones woe noticeable towards their right wing.
HAS we the fortress of Carla for its base of opera-
'bee the Neapolitaa army. defended as it is by the
rapid coarse of the Volturno, can easily edict
this set it movement without incurring any
erre eis danger. As soon as the news of what had
tains }lace during the night reached the head-quar-
ters ad Garibaldi at Caserta, the general hastened
to thit place, which since my last has been strongly
forts:led- by two heavy gun batteries. The officers of
the staff went is high_ spirits, and our men looked
aeon and cyst for fight. The hope of being at-
tacked •sion reausbed, however. for two hours after
deer. the Neapolitan battalion', were manhed back
within the walls uf the besieged city. A similar,
thou.:li Ica impcowg, threstenuig movement was
'Tented in front of our extreme rtght at Limatola,
where a party of 200 of the enemy's sharpshooters
craved the river, opening fire against our outpost Two of Medico'strattaliese were soon marched on the
spot. but when they arnved at Limatola the Neapo-
litans had withdriwn on the left bank of the Volturno.
Genbaldi has so well arranged the works of de-
fence that our 111011 can be seedy brought to the
menaced point within the 11110011 of a few hours. To
judge of the joeitiou our army occupies it is ne-
t-votary to bear in mind that, having the town of
Illbehleken for base of operations, we extend our
left wing AS far as Averse, a city which stands on
one of the roads which lead from Capua to Naples.
At a little distance from this city a camel runs
parallel to the railroad and forms a sort (4 natural
defence against an invading force, which coining
from Capita would march on the capital.
Costa's brigade has been placed at Averse,
to keep watch on the course of this canal, Sad
defend its passage if need be. From Averse our
left wing is lenient towards Capun to this place.
Santa Maria is a t town of 20,000 inhabi-
tant., standing on the site of ancient Capita, as is '
proved by the still existing ruins of the magnificent I
amphitheatre, which Cicero describes as capable of
holding 100,600 parents. Colonel Bowfin!, of the
Polyt.mlutic *hoof of Paris, the commanding-officer
of our artillery, has constructed here a sort of an en-
trenched camp, whose heavy guns defend at the same
tame the road which leads right to Caserta and that
from Casino Heals, joining the main trunk of
Averas. Miltne's Brigade, which is formed by
Ls Masa, Sponveri, Malanchini, and one of
Brigadier Duruie's regiments, supported by the
Genoese sharpshooter', Ica been placed in guard
.if this important position. Prom Santa Maria our
line is extended to the rocky bill of Sant Angelo,
where two other batteries of heavy guns have been
uftdto prevent the enemy from recrossing the
trno there. A part of Medici's division is
there to protect the bath:nes. Maddeloni, as
I told you before, being the base of our
military operations, and Caserta the centre,
the right wing pasty through the village of
Ban Leucio, which is occupied by Turr's
theme), and rune in the direction of
Limatola and Ducenti, on the right bank of the
Upper Volturno. These two last-named Tillers
may be cvmaidered as forming the extreme position
of our line on the right. Bizio's brigade and part
of Sartor's division arn now encamped in that
track of land, to watch the enemy. Garibaldra
headquarter,' are at Caserta, but the general
serer keeps quiet for a moment, and at three o'clock
iu the morning be regularly begins his inspection
of the ',averts He has just arrived here, and in
an hour lie will ascend the steep hill of Saut'Angelo,
from wheuce the whole of the Neapolitan positions
can be distinctly viewed. Yeeterday, whilst we
were standing there with the general, an enemy's
shell burst. which wounded two of our men. 'The
We of the Dictator is in continual daziger,
fur there is no influence which can induce him
to take more care of himself. Last Wednesday, the
lion. Mr. Caltburp, M.P., joined Garibeld's staff
at Sant' Angelo. Shells and shots were pouring
aiumetit us with rare constancy, and a precision
winch did great honour to the skill of the Neapoli-
tau gunners.

iiat. %riling the above I have come back from
Ilaut' Angelo, where I could are that a great move-
ment was going on in the Neapolitan camp, near
Cajamo. Ido not think, however, that the enemy
is going to attack us. If it is true that the Pied-
monteso have cr.,,u0l the frontier of this kingdom,
be must look al:. sharp in the direction of the
Abruzri and the Terra d 1 Lrivoro roads, from which
thalduil will arrive. This news of a Piednioutese
force owning t., help u* has given great satidaction
to our men. T 1 e happy event has been announced
to our army by the following order of the day,
dated Caserta, the 27th :

The headquarters have been established at Caserta. Our
breehres of the HaLao army, led by the brave theienal
Um!dins. ibdot and conquer the enemies of Italy.
lamoric.,re's artuy baa been defeated by threw brave met.
All the pnoviocr• which weft ander the yoke of the Pops
me me fr•ed. .Ico.osa barn flake into our power.
The valonou adders of the army of the north Lave
/Am ead the frostier, sad are sow south* on the Nampo-

trial; • few days we shell be able to shake heads with
them reheat mes. mimed) U. Gssaudar.
When Cialdini open* his communisations with
mar forma, there will be no hope for Pentacle 11.
One may, perhaps, ask why Garibaldi has not as
yet attached the fortress of ea_pus, or at least tried
again to crises the Volturno. You must not forget
that a though we hate here an army of fully
16,000 men we cannot be expected to knock our
bud w:ainet the walls id a fortress in taking
whi di the French General /levier lost more than
10,000 wen. On the other hand, to (twee the
pasitage the Volturno would be, at the sane
time, dangerous and umbel, for the Nestpulitaim
could easily cut off our eoneinunicatiou with Mad-
defied and Averse, aad threaten the capital of the
kingdom. It is therefore a wise course Garibaldi is
pursuing, in remaining os the defensive till the
advauto of the Piedinoutese from Aquila and Terra
di Litton) shall (Amble him to re-aaiume the offen-
sive, sad avenge all the atrocities perpetrated by the
Neapolitan soldier% daring the last few days. It is
reported bare that Cialdini's orea-oiside, under
Yemeni, is at a distance of forty miles Fran Aquila.
1 do not know u Lether you have ever beard that At
Baia, Pear 1.11:-.ples there is a sniall fort, whose
mender declined to submit to the new natiunul
geverimeut. This officer, one of the must cruel
agoutis of the past regiute,_was a few days ago sum-
moned to surrender. His 811111/11r was that he
weistil do sr when Peancis 11. should send him an
order inert Gaeta. A force of Garibaldians wee,
therefore, marched there, hoping that the comman-
der mold be easily induced to capitulate. But the
faithful veteran, on the ouutrary, intimated to
Captain F.iechi that if he did not retire within
two hours lie would open tire against his
melt At unit the intimation was considered as a
mere bout ; but even before the two hours had
expired, the gnus of Beim opened a trenienilime tire
against Fu chi's troops. They were, of course,
obliged to retire : but the Jay before yeeterday two
battalions anal a half-battery were sent there, and I
have ie. doubt that by this time the fort has capi-
tulated. lam sure that the obstinacy of the coin-
sunder will be respected by Garibaldi as bravery.
You would perhaps hardly believe that his geed-
near has gob so far as to allow a batch
of Neap titan officers who had capitulated
at Villa San (hovansi and Rivera to join the
royal army of Capita. One his officers
having °beeves' that he pushed his indulgent*:
beyond the limits of rearm, Lis answer was that
bad citiaras never were good soldiers, so it was
better to get rid of than by greeting the asked-fur
sag emodati.

The political question, I am gled to say, has
entered a inure reasonable and tranquillising
phase. It appeals that the remoastranom of the
M unicipality of Naples, who openly spoke the truth
to ClariNtlili, made a certain impression upon him.
Thu deputation having been panel by Baron
titoccu, the commanding general of the Calabrian
insurrectionary bands, declared to him that thu

capital was alarmed at seeing ase republicans at the
head of law administration. It dwelt also upon the
trrn which prevailed in the provinces,
ocorTing to the opinion of the deputation
was to be attributed to the blunders committed by
those officials, who belonging to the extreme po-
nes did not enjoy the confidence of the country.
The noble mind and upright heart of Garibaldi was
naturally impressed, and he formed a new ministry
composed by men who belong to the constitutional
inonarehtall party. It is true that two days ago
the Dictator was induced to banish one of the most
distinguished patriots of the kingdom because he
had been accused of being an agent of Count
°avow. You will be astonished when I tell you
that this gentleman is Silvio Spaventa, the manse
you wee* so proud of cheering last year in London
at the side of Pomio. It is a bard trial for a man
like Sparest& to be banished by order of the first
einem of Italy after having spina ten years of his
wearied life in the dungeons of Ferdinand 11. ; but
I am sure that the bounty of Garibaldi has been
surprised on this ueemion, and that as soon as his
judgment will be allowed to dwell upon Spaventa's
cams, this worthy patriot will be restored to his native
land. Although this fact is in itself a lamentable one,
I am sure, however, that the government of the
Dictator is returned to a more tranquillizing
course. The republican party itself seems to have
understood that it was better for it altogether to
retire from the political stage—at least for the
moment. Saffi, who is one of the most honest and
noble-minded men amongst the republicans, gave
the example by declining the dictatorship of
Sicily offered to him—an example which was soon
followed by Cattaneo, who has refused to accept
that of the continental provinces of the kingdom.
Mazzini hiukielf, although at Naples, lives alto-
gether retired, and does not exercise any influence
upon the government. According to an article he
has just published in the Tride, a republican news-
paper of Naples, he recognises the nemeeity of
adhering to the programme of Garibaldi—" Italian
unity under Victor Emmanuel." You see, there-
fore, that this political question, which is of great
importance, may be considered as settled.
Marquis Pallavicino Trialzio, whom I saw yes-
terday at Garibaldi's headquarters, has accepted
the office of pro-dictator, and will put thing. to
rights, carrying out the instructions of Garibaldi.
Marquis Pallavicino is one of the most amiable
men of Italy—goodhearted, but at the same time
firm in his resolution. These are two qualities
which are van neceesary in this ocnuitry, and more
so the last ; for the Neapolitans are always asking
something or other in such a piteous manner that
to refuse it one must poems a Roman firmness.
P.S. I was going to close my letter when I was
informed that news has just been received by the
Dictator that Augusta has at last capitulated. This
Sicilian town had a garrison of 1,000 men, com-
manded by Major Aldarese. Both the major and
his officers have sent in their adhesion to the
national government.