The Express.
London, England, 1859-11-03 00:00:00

IHE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 3, 1869.

ITALY.

-...-
THE PAPAL STATES.

Oriole orn SPECIAL

CESENA, Ocr. 27.
This morning, before leaving Rimini, I had a long
interview with General Garibaldi, who had just
arrived there from Bologna. I was greatly pleased
to find that the announcement of the peace signed
last week at Zurich bad not shaken that indomitable
faith which the gallant leader has felt in the triumph
of the Italian cause from the beginning of the
national movement. In accepting the command of
the Tuscan army, and the second of the army of the
Central Italian league, Garibaldi gave his word to
Victor Emmanuel that he would not rashly cross the
frontier of the Papal dominiotu, or do anything
which could furnish a pretext to European diplo-
macy for interfering in the affairs of this country.
From what I could gather in our rather long
conversation I have no doubt that Garibaldi means
to keep his word as he has always done.
It strikes me, however, that if he is kept at the head
of his army, which, as I have told you in my former
letters, is almost to a man composed of the revolu-
tionary element of those provinces, a day will per-
haps come when he will be obliged to take the lead
of the revolution, should Kings and Emperors play
false with him. An honest man, as Garibaldi is,
may be easily deceived by crafty diplomacy for some
months, not more. When his patience shall have
been tried, when hie conscience shall tell him that
the so much praised moderation was but a meek to
conceal an iniquitous deception, you may depend
upon it the general who is now a model of
discipline will soon become the bold and daring
leader of former days. Ile will at once
resign his commission,and having other duties to per-
form, he will, in my opinion, not linger in their per-
formance. Simple in his manners, as he is honest in
his heart, he will then say to his army, " I have
been deceived as you have been, our country has
been sacrificed, we are free of our engagements, let
us proclaim the necessity of a national revolution, it
is our right as well as our duty ; God and liberal
Europe will be with us." Of course the general did
not actually express any such intentions to me, but
as I found him still the Italian patriot of old, and
as he declared to me that he has an unlimited
faith in the triumph of the national cause,
I think I am not wrong in interring that,
if deceived in the hopes he has so warmly
cherished during his lifetime, he will act at once and
as nobly as he did in 1848 and 1849. Garibaldi is
not a man of compromise., he has honestly accepted
the supremacy of the Sardinian King, for he thinks
that Victor Emmanuel is now the keystone of Italian
redemption. Should the future prove that he has
been wrong, he will, I am sure, take on himself the
responsibility of a last attempt to save hie country.
I thought it was my duty to call the attention of
English readers to this subject, for it would
be a great mistake to suppose that both
Garibaldi and his army can be sent home,
should a European Congress decide that Central
Italy must be contented with receiving back again
the petty tyrants she has sent away. Upon this
subject let me tell you that the people of this country
are at a loot to understand how some of your Eng-
lish contemporaries can advise our government not
to join the Congress. They think that this is neither
• fair nor a wise way of getting out of the present
difficulty; for, in their opinion, England's not join-
ing the Congress would be an act of abdication on her
part of theinfinence she both= and oughtto exercise
in such an important question. There was a time at
which Mr. Pitt could wisely write to Count Woronzow
that reasons of policy required that the strength of
the minor Italian states should be increased, and
that Austria should be placed in a situation to
furnish them with prompt assistance in case
of attack from France. It was, perhaps, W-
I
dispensable, in the view of an English
statesman in 1805, that the territory of the Grand
Duchy of Tuscany, as well as that of Modena,
Parma and the Legation., should be brought in con-
tact with the dominions which Austria possessed in
the Peninsula. In the opinion of our states-
men, such territorial arrangements would have gone
far to secure the future repose of Europe, because
it was then thought that they would have
formed a more powerful barrier against the ambition
of Imperial France. Bat since experience has
demonstrated that the Napoleonic policy of our days
is altogether changed, it is now against Austrian

encroachments that the so much wanted barrier mast
be formed in the Italian Peninsula. This is the duty
which, in the opinion of Italian patriots, England is
called upon to perform at the present stage of this
difficult question. It is not by a policy of absten-
tion on the part of the only liberal great
power of our times that the future repose of
Europe will be secured. To abandon Italy
when it can be saved by our disinterested
influence would be for England not only a great
crime, but a fault of which she would repent one day
or other. There cannot be any mistake about it. if
the wishes of the Italian people are not properly
listened to, a most bloody revolution will be the
last act of the drama which is now keeping Europe
in suspense.
I had written so far when a post-chaise drew up in
the courtyard of the dirty hotel at which I am now
writing. It is Garibaldi, who has been suddenly
summoned to Modens by the telegraph. General
Banfront, one of Victor Emmanuel's aides-de-
camp, is travelling with him, and people
here say that they have been both called
to Modena on some important business. Of course
the most absurd rumours of imminent attack are
afloat here, for Italian people who make the °steno
or the cafe their home, have nothing else to do but
speculate upon anything that turns up, even upon
the journey of two general officers who may have
been called on some ordinary ditties from one city to
another. I think, however, that all the idle talk
which has been just brought to me has no foundation
whatever, for it would have been known at Geri.
baldi's headquarters before leaving Rimini this
morning if there had been any serious apprehension
at Modena of an imminent attack.

In one of my former letters I informed you that
Cesena is to be considered as the very focus of
the red republican party in the Legations. Since
then I have made some inquiries, and I may now
state, on good authority, that such is really the case.
It is in this city that the most dangerous and
aetive members of the secret societies still meet, in
the hope that the day is near at hand in which the
moderate party will be obliged to acknowledge it
has been grossly deceived by the leaders of the
national movement. Happily enough, the influence
these mischieGmakers exercise over the bulk of

the population is not eo great u to lead to any serious
ocasequenose for the present. The agents of the cen-
tral government keep a close eye upon them, and they
are well informed about what is going on in their
nocturnal meetings. I have been told that the night
before last the most absurd speeches were made by
the ringleaders of this party at one of their meetings.
Garibaldi was denounced as a traitor; *mini
himself was too moderate, for in his last letter he
went so far as to address Victor Emmanuel with the
denomination of Sire. The follies of these few