The Express.
London, England, 1859-11-02 00:00:00

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LONDON. WEDNESDAY. NOV. I.

Ir there must be a negro insurrection in the
United States before the slavery question is settled,
Maryland is more likely than any other place to be
the scene of it, under the circumstances of the
preemie time. It is a misfortune that the negroes
should rise ; and for a long interval there was hope
that the transition from slave to free labour might
be accomplished in • peaceful and orderly way. Up
to about • quarter of a century ago the universal
&opposition was that slavery could come to an end
by no other means than • servile war ; and this wee
the dread which kept quiet some leading citizen',
who, if they had stirred in time, might have accom-
plished the revolution in the labour-market long
before this. There were then risings, of more
or less consequence, in the Slave States
so frequently that the avenge was set down as 12
per year. The fearful insurrection known by the
name of the Southampton Massacre took place in
18.32, and this was till recently called the last negro
rising. The abolition movement MY instituted at
that time ; the news of that humble beginning
spread over the Slave State", in the way that news
about negro interests does spread ; and from the
moment when denaisoN was understood to have
dedicated himself to their cause the Degrees tacitly
committed their affairs to his hands, and he and his
coadjutors were non-resistants. For above twenty
years, while the slaveholders kept up their alarms
and cautions, suspecting incendiarism, material and
metal, at every turn, the slaves never rebelled, more
or lees. This was one good service done by the
abolitionists ; end another was that the slaves were
better treated, in proportion as the attention of the
world was directed towards their case. By degrees
there came a slackening of the alums which prevail
wherever slavery exists; and, in 1858, rash practices
were adventured which are bitterly repented of now.
In their horror of having an Anti-slavery Presi-
dent in the person of FREMONT, the Southern poli-
ticians made speeohes all over the country, proving
that his election would doom slavery and Southern
institutions altogether. These speeches were uttered
in the hearing of the negroes who hang round all
crowds, and of course every one of them became a
worshipper of FREMONT, and spread his praise up
and down all the rivers of the interior. This is uni-
versally admitted to have been the cause of the
so-called conspiracy of 1858, which scared whole
communities out of their wits. There was certainly
a wide-spread communication and sympathy.
Whether there was actual conspiracy to rise, before
the whites drove the negrore to it, remains • matter
of dispute. What is certain is, that along the course
of the great rivers the negroes believed that their day
of deliverance had coma, and acted accordingly; and
that many died under the lash and on the gibbet as
martyrs. The strongest admonitions to pru-
dence have since been promulgated among
the whites ; and the speeches that have
been listened to by inquisitive negroes have
been fell of assurances that slavery would
endure fee ever. The constant discussion of the
I topic, however, in connexion with politica, is a signi-
ficant fact which the negro is able to note and reason
upon. In former times slavery went on of itself,
like marriage, and public worship, and magistracy;
and it was no more talked about in the way of
assertion and defeuce than they. The modern dis-
cussions show that it is called in question ; and the
prodigious amount of escape from slavery proves
before all men's eyes that the whites find difficulty
in maintaining the institution.
Then there is the new phase of the persecution of
the free negroes—felt and resented wherever there
are free negroes; and they are everywhere, in spite
of all effort' to dislodge them. While in the Free
States they now hold annual conventions, t con-
sider their political and social condition, and arrange
their resistance to plans of expatriation, and provide
means and inducements for the elevation of their
clase by mews of education and the rowing of
an honest ambition, their brethren is the Slave
States are sustaining a persecution whisk the slaves
Perfectly understand. Wild projects ass brought
forward in legislatures, in newspaper., and in public
meetings, for selling the free blacks into slavery;
for inducing them to sell themselves into slavery for
terms of years; for exporting them to the West
Indies; for compelling them to colonise Africa, 8‘:.;
and everything that can be done by unequal taxa-
tion, and by the icttiction of petty hardships and
gross indignities, ie done to drive them out of the
State or into fatal offence.. Maryland has been
conspicuous above perhaps every other State in the
frantic character of her recent anti-oegro agitation.
Her position is an awkward and difficult one, re.
quiring the ii,most prudence, moderation, and fore-
cast
; and her citizens have acted like demented
tyrants, in the very crisis of her fortunes. Her ter-
ritory is small. Her slaves are tours burdensome
than profitable ; and they are running away is
greater numbers every year. They make sash a
poor figure as cultivetore of the soil, is the presetee
of a constant it rt ox of industrious Germans and other
fees Liburers, that they are otherwise employed,