The Express.
London, England, 1860-03-02 00:00:00

LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, MARCH 2, 1860.

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SPEECH OF THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON.

rThe following appeend in a &aced Edition of last sight's
lizpron.] _ .

PARIS, Mason I.
The following is the speech delivered by his Ma-
jesty the Emperor on the epeniog of the Chambers
' this day :
Messieurs lee &indoors,
Messieurs lee Deputes,
At the opening of the last session, oonfiding in the
patnotism of France, I wished to relieve your minds
fresh exaggerated fears of a probable war. Today
it is my most ardent desire to reassure yon against
the iggaietudes and anxieties which even pesos has
givee birth. to. I sincerely desire this peace, and I
till pot neglect anything to maintain it. I cannot
bateongrettilate myself upon my friendly relations
with all the powers of Eisrops. The only portion of
the globs in which oar arms are still engaged is in
the remote seat, but the courage of oar soldiery and
sailors, aided by the loyal concurrence of Spate, will
doubtless speedily bring about the restoration of '
penes with Cochin China. Respecting China, an
unportaat expedition will, in conjunction with the
forces of Gnat Britain, chastise that country for
her perfidy.
The complications in Europe are, I hope, ap-
proaching to an end, and Italy is upon the eve of
regulating freely her own affairs. Without renapi-
tidatiog the long negotiations which have lingered
for so many months, I shall confine myself to the
. ipal pant. The dominant idea of the tawity of
was to obtain the almost *papists
of Venetia at the price of the resters-

failed, in spire et my It ownit isolisitations,
have allaamalail ?Per is • din atootut at
Vienna as well es st Tata, Womee the state of
things, if prolengekthesatesed to remain without
any issue. While this of things was the sub-
ject of loyal explanations between my government
and that of Austria, it caused steps on the part
of England, Prussia, and Russia, which, taken toge-
ther, clearly evince the desire of the great powers
to arrive at a conciliatory adjustment of all interests.
In order to second these dispositions it was im-
portant for France to present such a combination
as would have the greatest chance of being accepted
by Europe.
In guaranteeing Italy by my army against foreign
I had the right to point out the limits
of this guarantee.
I have notthereforehesitated to &claret° theliing
of Sardinia that, although leaving to him an entire
liberty of action, I could not follow him in a policy
which, in the eyes of Europe, appeared to intend the
absorption of the states of Italy, and which threat-
ened new complications. I have counselled him to
reply favourably to the wishes of the
.provinces which
offer themselves to him, but to maintain the auto-
nomy of Tuscany, and to respect in principle the
rights of the Holy See. If this arrangement does not
satisfy everybody, it has the advantage of reserving
principles, of calming apprehension, and it elevates
Piedmont to i kingdom of more than nine millions
of souls. Having in view this transformation of
Northern Italy, which gives to a powerful state all
the passes of the Alpe, it was my duty, for the safety
of our frontiers, to claim the French side of the moun-
tains. In this reclamation of a territory of small
extent there is nothing to alarm Europe, or to belie
the disinterested policy which I have more than once
proclaimed ; France, however, will not acquire this
aggrandisement, small as it is, either by a military
occupation, or by exciting au insurrection, or by
secret intrigues, but in frankly stating the question
to the great powers. Their equity will doubtless
induce them to recognise, as France would certainly
de with regard to them in the like circumstances,
that the important territorial change which is about
to take place gives us the right to a guarantee
indicated by nature herself.
I cannot pans fru in silence the emotion of a por-
tion of the olio world which has suddenly
yielded to seek nareflecting impressions, and has
thrown itself into such passionate alarms. The past,
which should have been a guarantee for the future,
has been in such a manner misunderstood, and the
services rendered in such a manner forgotten, that a
very profound conviction, on absolute confidence in
the public reason, hu been necessary in order to pre-
serve, in the midst of agitations which have been
excited, the calm which alone maintains us in the
truth. Facts, however, have clearly spoken
for themselves during the eleven years that
I have maintained alone in Rome the
power of the Holy Father, without for a
moment ceasing to revere in his person the holy
character of the chief of our religion. Oa the other
aide, the populations of the Romagna, suddenly
abandoned to themselves, yielded to a natural attrac-
tion, and during the war endeavoured to make com-
mon cause with us. Ought I to forget them in
peace, and abandon them afresh for an unlimited
time to the risks of foreign occupation ? My first
efforts were to reconcile them to their sovereign, but
not succeeding, I endeavoured at least to maintain-
fs the revolted provinces the principle of the tem-
paid power of the Pope. From the preceding you
see, although all is not yet terminated, how we may
ho allowed at lease to hope for a speedy solution.
The moment, therefore, seems to have arrived to put
, es cad to the deliberations which too long preoccupy
the public mind, and to find the means of boldly
sserigurating in France a new era of peace.
The army has already been reduced by 160,000
man, and this reduction would have been more con-
siderable were it not for the war with Chins, the
occupation of Rome and of Lombardy. My govern-
ment will immediately submit to you a summary
of mossures which propose to facilitate production,
to augment, by cheap living, the well-being of the
working classes, and to multiply our commercial
relations. The first step to be taken in this coarse
,was to fix an epoch for the suppression of those im-
passable barriers which, under the name of prohi-
bitions, excluded from our markets foreign products,
thus compelling other nations to adopt a reciprocity
to be regretted on our account. Bet something more
difficult still retained ns—it was the slight in-
clination existing for a treaty of commerce with
England. I have therefore taken upon myself the
responsibility of this great measure. A very simple
reflection shows the advantage of this treaty to both
countries. Neither of them will certainly fail at the
end of some years to take each in its own in-
terests the initiative in the proposed measures ;
but then the reduction in the tariff not
being simultaneous, it would take plain on both
sides without immediate compensation. The treaty
has then only advanced the period of salutary modi-
fications, and riven to indiepsnsable reforms the
character of reciprocal concessions destined to fortify
olliaooe of two great nations. In order that the
levity mat prOdainita best effects, I demand your
nowt energetie4oncirrence for the adoption of the
laws which will facilitate the putting it into prac-
tice. I call your attention above all to the means of
communication, which by their development can
alone permit as to compete with foreign industry ;
but as the moments of transition are always painful,
and as it is our duty to pat an end to a state of un-
certainty so injurious to our interests, I call on your
patriotism for the prompt examination of the laws
which will be submitted to you for soften
chiming primary materials from all duties, and re
during those which weigh on provisions largely
consumed.
The resources of the treasury will find themselves
sensibly diminished, neverthelewi the receipts and
expenditure of the year 1881 will be balanced with-
out the necessity of an appeal to the credit, sr hav-
ing recourse to new taxes. In tracing to you a true
picture of our political and commercial situations, I
desise to inspire you with full confidence in the
future, and so to associate you in the accomplishment
of a work fruitful in grand results.
The protection of Providence so visibly extended
to us during the war will not fail us in • pacific
i enterprise which sires at the amelioration of the eon-