The Express.
London, England, 1856-04-01 00:00:00

(Stamped ld. Additional.) [TWOPENCE.

be pertieslarly ansesaited. A few flags and banners,
whit& had family date service on the auspicious occasion
of the fall of Sebastopol, were revived from the obaearity
to whisk they had been coesigaed, and exhibited la the
principal streets of the town; bat this display woe esesp-
tional. There appeared to be a prevalent feeling abroad
that the straggle with the great northern despot sight
have bees prolonged for another twelvemonths to the greater
acuity and advantage of Esrepssa civilisation.

NOTI7NONAII, MONDAT.—RnMourn that paw had
been signed were rife hue early this morning ; snit on the
snivel of the morning men the joy of the inhabitants was
great, and the bells of St. Eery and St. Peter sent forth
merry peals ; and open the Cienerel Exchange end many
of the shop of the town, so also ova. the lass-dressing and
other warehouse, waved the red, white, end bins, sad
other flags. The news was hailed by the manufacturers
and tradesmen with great satisfaction.

IBTOL, MARCH 31.—The first intelligence of the
coadasioa of the treaty of peace by the pluipotentiaries of
the els sontracting powers, at Parts, oa Sudsy, wee re-
ceived hare last 'unfair by electric telegraph, and was con-
firmed on receipt of the publicjoumals this morning. Owing
to its being Sunday night, pubic business suspended, end
the bosses of the citizens closed, the tidings did not spread
so rapidly amongst the citizens as is sometimes the ease
upon the receipt of stirring news, but at about 11 o'clock
the joyous pealing of the bells of St. Mary Rad-
cliff, and eons others of the city churches, sug-
gested to these within hearing ti at th' anticipated
intelligence had at length arrived. This morning
the Whinging beams general, and the churches, the ship-
ping oa the quay and Welsh beck, the Council-house,
Guildhall, Exchange, Commercial-rooms, Post office, Cus-
tom-house, and other public buildings, mounted Sege In
honour of the oscasios. Notwithstanding these official
demonstrations and the firing of a stray gun or two it was
remarkable how little ethitemeat the news produced
amongst the clams. 'This fact may perhaps be ascribed to
the el/Gumlesss of the pesos having bees so long on the
but it is equally allowable to assign it to the doubts
and uncertainties which prevail as to the conditions of the
peace, and to the fears that Russia has obtsined terms which
will not be satisfactory to the people of this country, and
that the war, and the sacrificas of life and treasure expended
in it, will to that extent have failed to accomplish their end.
I septet that the first news of the terms of the treaty will
ho received with much greater eagerness than the mere fact
of its execution, and that we shall then witness tea times
the excitement that bas been anywhere obsereable to-day.

SOUTHAMPTON, MARCH 31.—News or peace
having been signed reached here this morning. The ((rail
acknowledgment of it was made by the hoisting of Rage, the
rigging of bells, and firing a gelid* from the Flttform
battery. Beyond this tha news suited little interest.

TURKEY IN ASIA.

ERZEROVAI, MARCH 4.

Omer Pacha arrived at Trebizood on the 20th
of February from Boukkam Kaleh. It is said he in-
tends starting for Constantinople, bat that his army
will proceed to this place vii Trebizund. As yet,
however, we have received no troops here, either
from him or elsewhere. _ .

What absorbs the attention of the public here at
this moment is the process instituted by the govern-
ment in Constantinople against the heirs of the de-
ceased Defterdar of the Anatolian army on the
ground of fraud. The contractors of this place who
had had dealings of a wholesale character with the
deceased have been summoned to the capital.
Their books and letters had been seized,
in order to their being used as evidence.
It is asserted that the late Defterdar on two occa-
sions robbed the government of corn to the value of
2,500 tamale, which was intended for Kars. My own
belief is, that several persons, some of them having
high rank, will be compromised by this legal inves-
tigation.
The new recruiting is going on pretty briskly, and
we hope the ranks of our army sill shortly be
filed up.
A few days ago there arrived here from Trebizond
' a Major Fraser, an officer attached to the staff of
Colonel Girds. The latter remains waiting for orders
from the embassy, or the government of her Majesty
at home, before he renews his official relations with
the military authorities of this place.
For some time put the temperature has become
much colder, and we have had Reaumuy's thermome-
ter down to 18 deg. below zero, together with snow
two feet deep, but such weather cannot last long.
Our letters from Tiflis are u late u the 15:h of
February ; they speak of spring as having come
there, and state that the green crops were already
above ground. General Williams was getting better,
though not yet able to leave his apartments. Mr.
Churchill and Major Teesdale were staying with
the general. Captain Thompson and Colonel Lake
had lett, it was thought, for Moscow. The Mashie'
Vaud Pasha, and another Turkish general, remained
at Tiflis. The armed force in the city was reduced to
a small garrison, sufficient to gaud the posts and
magazine,.
At Alexandropol the garrison consisted merely of
four battalions of infantry and a few hundred artil-
lerymen, and it was not known what had become of
General Mouravieff's army.
At Kars there is only the old garrison, a very
small one. The inhabitants are still treated with
respect, while provisions are plentiful and cheap.
What corn there was in the villages had been con-
. veyed, however, by the Russians to Alexandropol.
On the let of this month Ibrahim Pacha arrived
here as Tabir Pacha's successor, and he is accordingly
' the new President of the Military CounciL
' The rumours of pesos have had the effect of lower-
' iog the prices of provisions by one-third, and of other
commodities by one-half. Certain speculators will
be grievously disappointed here if the war should
come to as sad, for they calculated on a blockade of
this city, as was the case before Kars.

THE TURIUSEI ARMY IN

(VlOll OM OWN COMLISPORDIPIT.)
TURKISH CAMP, HOROA, MINGRELIA,
MARCH 3. _

As an opportunity offers to-day for the safe con-
veyance of a letter to Trtbizond, I avail myself of it
to send you a brief account of such incidents as have
taken place here and at Redont-Baleh since I last
wrote trout this point—premising, merely, that they
have been of very trifling importance and of oorre-
spondingly little public interest. Pesos or no peace,
indeed, there is no likelihood of any further fighting
till the lest Turkish foot has left ?Alegrelian soil ; and
the commonplace occurNnces of a gradual and un-
embarrassed re-embarkation hardly merit a detailed
record when topics of much greater importance aro
just now so plentiful at home.
Up till the evening of the 28th ult.—when I left
Trebisond to return hither—Omer Pecha had not
proceeded to Constantinople, but awaited the return
of an aide-de-camp whom he had despatched thither
by the same steamer which brought himself from
Redont /Udell ; and the opinion was general
amongst his staff, that he was not likely to receive
such an answer from the capital as would encourage
him to Hays the army at present. His presence in
Trebizond, however, had imparted a lair degree of
activity to the state of things there; and if he remain
gives reason to hope that no time will be last in for-
warding on troops and materiel to ETZ4IOOII2I es soon
the road is at an practicable for the passage of a
military force. After the despatch of my last letter
I learned with regret that a misunderstanding had
already arisen at the latter town between &Lim
Paella, the mnobir, and Colonel Ger* our new

peemiesbuter. The cause of this inopportune
dispute was not then. known at Trebizood;
but a private letter informed me that the
affair had been referred to Constantinople for the
interference of the UAW/odor- it had reference,
as was imagined at Trebizond, to the etiquette of a
first rid it *till's but a poor augury of the oriel-
a dimities, and would go far to corrobo-
rate statements el its uneoundnese which I have
heard hest same individuals who knew hica well at
Dipstick. On the eve of a new and most important
eam nothing c
ould be more torseemly; and, ke
the am or's settlemeot of the dispute what it
may, so inauspicious an occurrence at the very outset
of his connexion with the Asiatic army cannot but
claoyunthteerscfotunthdaetiinofinueofnfceuturwhie ill-will nmstotolareugey
Fral
Williams should exercise over the operations
of the farce. Since referring to this appoint-
ment in my letter of the 23rd from Trebizond,
I have been informed that Colonel °eels is to cone-
=We= with the War-office, but with
in Constantinople—a fact which
would seem to Wilke's= inferiority of position to
that held by General Williams at Kars, and by Col.
Simmonde with Omer Pachs. if it be not so, lam
at a loss to understand how his functions can keep
clear of interference with those of the last-named
officer, when the Sirdar Ekrem a names the supreme
command at Erzeroum; and yet, the tact of Colonel
Gads' being furnished with a reg tiler staff and the
other paraphernalia of a high and independent mili-
tary official seems indicative of his "roving been ap-
pointed to no merely secondary posi.ion. Be this
as it may, however, everybody must re vet that his
mission should have opened in a qua.irel with the
commander of the army to which Lord 'lmmure has
deemed him qualified to act the part of British Com-
missioner. 1 pen this paragraph merely to add the
only scrap of intelligence that turned up between the
despatch of my Trebizond letter and my lea ring the
latter town on the evening of the 28th.
Early on the morning of the 29th we reached
Batoum, and remained there till after midnig bt, em-
barking stores for the army; but the delay airorded
me an opportunity of meeting with a celebrity whose
fortunes have sadly fallen since the days when histatne
nag throughout Europe, from Gibraltar to the:Rhine.,
as second only to that of his great chief Abd-el-Kader.
I refer to Bon Maza, the renowned lieutenant of the
Moorish Emir, with whom the courtesy of M. Stayer,
the French consul at Batoum, procured me a long
evening's conversation. I need not remind your
readers that this famous Arab brave, who, next to
Abilel-Kader himself, was the great at of the
Algerian leaders, followed the fortunes of hie chief,
and after sharing hie long captivity in France was
liberated at the same time and on similar conditions
by Louis Napoleon. Shortly after the breaking
out of the present war, when Abd-el-Kader was
disappointed in receiving the independent com-
mand of an Arab force, Bou-M.za procured
the rank of colonel in the Turkish army ; but,
Mussolman though he was, the rank was nearly
all he did procure, for, as in the case of nearly every
other foreign officer forced upon them by ambassa-
dorial influence, the Turks virtually withheld from
him all actual military command, and nearly the
whole of his pay. When I lust saw him in Comeau-
tioople, more than four months ago, he wore the
flowing white silk burnooz, and looked every inch
the Arab chief. At Batoum he was cased in the bas-
tard frock coat and tights which constitute the re-
formed " Turkish dress, looking—in nil but the large
and bright black eye, which is as terribly lustrous
now as when he led resistless charges ag time French.
dragoons—as unlike the Boa Meza of ten years ago
as does any seedy MISS who swaggers, yet sneaks,
in a Turkish inches train. Besides these sartorial
abominations, he wore a huge French cuirassier's
sword—evidently as great a misfit as was the tight
narrow-chested coat, with its shabby worsted braid-
ing, or the yet more unnatural pantakomi. More
than once during the evening did he crack a joke at
the expense of his own appearance, wi,hout, how-
ever, seeming to feel greatly the sad downfall in for-
tune which it painfully indicated to others. Though
he enjoys no regular French pension, the generosity
of the Emperor supplies the funds necessary for his
support, but for which the income from his colonelcy
would hardly suffice to purchase barley for his Arab
mare. Disgusted with the idleness to which the
Turks have condemned him, he declared his intention
of throwing up the unprofitable sinecure and rejoin-
ing Abd-el-Kader in his new retreat at Damascus, in
which case our allies will lose perhaps the very
fittest leader of irregular cavalry whom their whole
army could furnish for an Asiatic campaign.
At Redout-Kaleh, which I reached on the morning
of the Ist, everything remained as when I left it, the
gradual re-embarkation of the troops continuing to
be the only active operation in progress.
Three days before, however, a slight brush
with the enemy's irregular cavalry had occurred,
to enliven the general dulness, and to supply a slight
foretaste of the harassing attentions which may be
expected at each successive stage of the retreat and
final embarkation. The force in question consisted of
Mingrelian mounted irregulars—paid by the Rus-
sians at the high monthly rate of five manets (about
18s. 6d.) a man—who crossed the Poti at early dawn,
and dashed into the Turkish advanced pickets almost
before the sentries could give the alarm. The Turks,
however, soon recovered from their momentary con-
fusion ; and, though compelled to fall hick upon the
gimp, kept up a well-directed skirmishing fire upon
their assailants, who were precluded by the broken
and half-clewed nature of the ground from carrying
out the pursuit with full advantageous effect. Still,
they nevertheless followed the retiring infantry up
to within some five hundred yards of the camp, when
the sight of a rapidly advancing squadron of Turkish
lancers turned the tables, and sent them back
in disorderly flight to the point whence they
had come. Knowing the ground better than their
pursuers, however, and being equally well mounted.
the Mingrelians succeeded in regaining the ford
and making good their passage to the opposite bank,
with a loss of only some ten men and horses in all,
which was nearly balanced by their having killed
seven and wounded 13 Turk'. Though small parties
of these native horsemen have been frequently seen,
and shots exchanged with them, across the Poti, this
lathe first occasion on which they have ventured to
show themeelves on the northern bank; and the fact
that they have now done so, combined with another
incident to be mentioned, has already led to the
almost total disuse of the established road from
Redolit-Kaleh hither, and the adoption instead of a
new track on the opposite side of the Rhion. Such,
however, is the thickness of the jungle—reminding
lone of Ceylon and Malabar—over nearly the whole
ground between the two riven., that only very small
parties, if parties at all, indeed, could penetrate to a
point whence "pot-shots" at the passing Turks
would tell with much effect; but as in nearly every
such case pursuit or effective reply would be almost
equally out of the question, it is deemed wise to lessen
the risk by adopting the new route I mention. On both
sides of the river, however, redoubts are in course of
construction to cover the final retreat from Herm
and streagthers the position at Redout-Kaleh, should
it be deemed advisable to hold this latter post after
the general evacuation has taken place.

ITALT.—The Genoa Gaulle quotes a letter from
Serious Mating that on the night of the 17th two nit n, who
had disgsind themselves with masks, assaulted • b'oker of
Carrara, and stoned him to death. It is believed that they
inittook him for • sob:ideas informer. Another per on of
the same platy oaths following day narrowly escaped falling
Ist° the buds of a similar sot of villains, and got cff after
rawly's' a severs stab is his nick.
SPAIN.—In the sitting of the Cortes on Saturday
(March 29), the bill on the riseeipti of the state, presented
by the Inure minister, was taken into consideration by a
majority of 184 against 27. Thus the diificial, question
which tbrastesed to produces collision between the govern-
ment end the metes is happily solved.