The Express.
London, England, 1858-07-01 00:00:00

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LONDON, THURSDAY, MY 1.

BPONTING INTZLIJOENCE.

A SPECIAL EDITION of the " EXPRESS,*
eontalaing the results of the day's Recap, ia pub-
lished every erselag during the Sporting Beason, at
six o'clock.

TROUGH then le no cause for apprehension in
the Revenue Returns, printed elsewhere, they are
pregnant with matter for grave reflection. Those
great changes in oar Customs duties frees
which any considerable ultimate increase of
Revenue might be expected have been nude. We
have no right to expect any marked increase in the
national income for many years to come. There are,
moreover, urgent demands made for the abrogation'
of Excise duties, which contribute no trifling amount
to the annual Revenue ; and any marked diminu-
tion in the returns from Excise will increase the
ratio of the oast of collection. But while there is
good moon to expect that the national Revenue
may now for some time continue stationary, or
nearly so, there are grounds for an expectation that
the annual expenditure will go on, as it has been
steadily doing of lets years, to inereame. Nor can it be
denied that many—perkaps most of the new sources
of expenditure are most legitimate. Still the ominous
fact stares as in the facie that there is •
possibility of the annual expeaditore becom-
ing permanently larger than the annual in-
come. It may be doubted whether the country is
in • mood to submit to any considerable increase of
taxation what, then, is to be done Penny-wise
and poued-foolish retrenchments are of no avail
eirpiag at this or the other tax in behalf of some
special interest is equally unavailing. And yet we
firmly believe that it is possible, even with a sta-
tionary Hevener, to keep our yearly expenditure
within our yearly income, and yet not starve one of
thine administrative ameliorations which are so
urgently demanded. But each an adjustment
presupposes a searching scrutiny of the effective
strength of every public department, with a view to
get quit of all supernumeraries, and of all double

establishments for the discharge of one set of dutsee
This work, too, must beset about, not for the purpose
of unduly diminishing the number of subordinates, in I
order that their half-employed or totally neicmployed
superiors may escape unpinched. In abort, the
work must be dole by men who are
superior to class sympathies or preposaestions,
by men who are capable of more systematic and
persevering efforts of inquiry and redaction than an
immense majority of these whom constituencies have
hitherto been contented to vote into the House of
Commons. It will be up-hill work ; and yet if a few
earnest, and honest, and thoughtful men, in and out
of Parliament. would set about it, they might hops
by their labours to make themselves the nucleus of a
real Party of Progress.

EARLY in the Semion, Sir Joiix PixtenroN made
a speech upon Education, and obtained the sanction
of the Home to the appointment of a Comenimion.
That Commission has just been nominated. It con-
sists of seven members, presided over by the Duke
of NEWCASTLE. Sir JOHN COLULIDGE, from his
judicial experience, will no doubt be able to furnish
valuable information as to the diet of education on
the criminal population ; Mr. LAKE and Mr. GOLD-
WIN SMITH are intimately acquainted with the
system and effect of University education ; Mr.
NASSAU SENIOa has studied the effect of education
in connexion with political economy ; Mr. MIALL
Will act is the »presentative of the liberal and
intelligent Nonconformists; and the Rev. Mr.
ROOM has laboured long enough in the back
alleys of the City to have learnt a good deal
about the intellectual and moral condition of the
very poor. In short, it is clear that the members of
this Commission are men quite competent to report
upon the state of Popular Education in England, if
that be possible; sad there is every reason to believe
that they will use their best energies to accomplish
the task. It is an important fact, and one for which.
the present Government deserve credit, that nothing
of ',arty spirit can be detected in the selection
of any individual amongst the seven; indeed, it is
only fair to remark that no men have displayed
more genuine liberality in the matter of Education
than Sir JOHN PAEHIOTON and Mr. ADDIALICT.
They consistently treat the question as too sacred
for party movements, or faction fights ; and they
have their reward.

According to the terms of the letters patent, the
Commissioners are directed to inquire into the state
of popular education in England, and to coosider
and report what changes (if say) are required for the
extension of vaned and cheap elementary instruction
to all classes. This i. a wide subject, and a good
deal must depend upon the judgment wit► which the
Commissioners act. In the opinion of Sir JOHN
PAKINOTON, the state of education throughout the
country is most unsatisfactory. Even comparing
England with other countries it stands low in the
scale. The number of those who go to no school at
all is enormoto. Even those who do attend school
attend it at irregular intervals, and for a very
short time; in fact, in 1837 the per centage
of children above ten years of age who
were at school was only 27 and a fraction.
The condition of the gaols proves the maw thing. At
Preston, 40 per cent. of those with whom the Chap-
lain communicated were ignorant of the name of the
Barmy a, and 60 or 70 per cent were ignorant of
the name of Queen Vicront.t. Satisfied by such
facts as those that popular Education is too much
neglected, Sir JOUR PAICINOTOM induoed the House
to appoint t►is Commlneion. His object, no doubt, ie

to prove that the present system is not only inade-
quate, but that some vigorous effort must at once be
rude to supply its defects. As was observed the
other day, it is doubtful whether the present I
plan of grants from the Privy Council tun
be carried much further, and it seems proba-
ble that local efforts must be called in aid
of the central power, if the great mass of the people
are really to be instructed. At present, however,
neither the public nor the Hoare of Commons are
convinced that the education now supplied is really
thus defective, and therefore the only course left
for those who do think so is to establish their posi-
tion by a Report. It is hoped by many, that, just
as the Government of the day was prevented from
reforming the Poor Law until the Commission of
11333 made their Report, the same course will be
followed in the matter of Education.

At the game time it does seem questionable whe-
ther the Commissioners are furnished with suffi-
eint powers to conduct the inquiry satisfac-
torily. There is considerable danger lest one-sided
romlts may be obtained. It certainly will
never do to place reliance on the evidence fur-
wished by the patrons or the masters of the schools.
In the matter of education such evidence is peculi-
arly open to suspicion, became in the case of almost
every school there is a theological elemeut which is
strangely antagonistic to fairness of judgment. The
clergyman or the priest will invariably report in
favour of the school over which he presides. On
the other hand, it is extremely difficult to obtain
admission into any private school for the purpose of
inspection. In Wales some years ago admission
wits obtained, but the Reports, when they were pub-
lished, raised a storm of indignation throughout that
somewhat susceptible Principality. People are awake
wow to the visit of an Inspector with his note-book,
and it will require a good deal of management
to obtain the means of forming an opinion ea
to the real state of education. Nor should it
ever be forgotten that in this matter an unfair ot
imperfect Report will do more harm than good. If
it be unfavourable, it will grievously discourage
those whose efforts have not been appreciated; if it
be too favourable, it will induce • belief that the
state of education is better than was supposed, and
will postpone every attempt at improvement.
It is certainly a serious question whether the Com-
missioners are armed with sufficient power to con-
duct their inquiry. There is, at all events, one want
which might have been remedied, and which, had
it been attended to, would have produced some valu-
able results. It is a very important point to ascer-
tain the actual number of those children who
are at school, and of those who are at no
school. This statistical fact can be ascertained now
only by approximation. But it must form the foun-
dation of all schemes of educational reform. How
are the Commissioner, ,ca obtain an answer to this
primary question ? To send people round the coun-
try for this purpose would be useless. The replies
would be voluntary, and therefore uncertain. The
thing, however, might be done, if Parliament
wished it to be dome, with the utmost faci-
lity. In taking the Census, the parents might be
directed to mention not only how many children
they had, but whether they were at school, and
how long they had been the re. Information as to
orphans might be obtained in an analogous
way. For this purpose it would be 111.1184114ry to
make the giving answers to such questions compul-
sory by Act of Parliament. Whatever the Commis_
loners may achieve in the way of describing the
state of education throughout the country, they can
never obtain certain results became they have no
means of compelling the production of the necessary
evidence. That their Report must be in some re-
spects imperfect is, therefore, to be feared from
the very conditions under which the Commissioners

,
Y
i 6

are placed. At the same time every confidence is
to be placed both in their ability and integrity; and
if out of their labours any general and complete
measure of National Education is destined to pro-
ceed, they will certainly have conferred no small
benefit on their country and their age.

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY

THE REVENUE.
No. I.—An ABSTRACT of the GROSS PRO-
DUCE of the REVENUE of the UNITBD KING-
DOM, in the undennehhoned pniods, ended Jose
30, 1e sempared with the corresponding periods of the
preoedin' ya

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No. lI.—INCREASE and DECREASE in the
Quarter end Year faded Joe 10, 1668, as compared
with the correspondfng periods el dr proa year.

111(1111
Hill
P[IiiiI111!1-1110

No. HL--Aa ACCOUNT SHOWING the RE-
VENUE sad OTHER RECEIPTS of the Quarter
ended Jose SO, UMS, the Astion of the same,
and the Charged the ..mood iced Fond for the said
Quarter together with the Surplus or Deficiency upon
each Charge.