The Express.
London, England, 1858-10-19 00:00:00

(Stamped Id. AdditionaL) [TWOPENCE.

MR. W. Z GL4DBrONR ON 10810.

At the working znen's concerts at Liverpool on
Saturday mains Mr. Gladstone &Hewed the following
address:

Ladles and gentlemen, I wish I could accept with cordiality
wthLthankath, butw tiachm yboounnhadrtoe teadiredsay In settling° asthewithsoo.oounmtuch bo-
I teem us, It is I and not you by whom thanks ought to be
rendered. Your institution stands independent of the
conntenanos or assistance of any one, great or smell. (No,
no.) It is the product of your own energies, and of the
energies of the people of Ode great town, for the abili-
ties which have been shown by those able vocalists who lead
you their services have been celled into action by the taste
and good feeling and just judgment of those who
compose this crowded audience. To me, ladies and gen-
tlemen, It is and it can be nothing but a lively
gratification, not simply to hear the interesting made
to which we have listened, bat to encounter some-
thing more interesting by far to those who take
an Interest in the welfare of this country, namelt
encounter feelings,o
such an saaembly animated by each
and waking recreation from sources so pure, so
innocent, so useful, and so ennobling. (" Hear, bear," and
chars.) The welfare of this country—what does it mean ?
Why, it means in the main the welfare of the masses of the
people • and for thou who us snxiona upon the subject, for
dues who solicitously inquire whet oar future Is to be, I say
it mild net be easy to select a more cheering sign than that
which deg weld witness if they were privileged, as I have
been per ages tmnight to +items, to passive each a cons-
pessoix
of is sow befog* me. Now, what shall I say upon the
on
this entertainment? Don't be frightened if I go
b to the beginning of the world—(laughter)—for I pro-
' miss con I won't stay there; and if I mention the word it is
only to say that they who consider music to be a powerless
thing, who think it ranks amongst the trifles of existence„
are in the greatest error, because from the beginning of the
world--end that Is the lest time you shall hear the phrase
from me down to the present day, it hoe been
one of the most forcible instrument, both for train-
' ing, for arousing, and for governing the mind and the
spirit of men. (Hew, bear.) The fonodations of it He deep in
your nature; they have been placed there by the Author of
that nature, and it in in • humble sense doing His work to
cultivate the gifts with which he has endowed us. There
wee a time when letters and civilisation had but begun to
dawn upon the world. In that day music was not unknown ;
on the contrary, it was so far from being the mere servant
and handmaid to common and light amusement, that the
greet and noble art of poetry was essentially wedded to that
of musks, so much so that there was not poet who was sot a
inuelciaa. There was not a verse spoken in the early ages c f
the world except where music was adopted as its
showing thereby that in that way a steady and most evffeel=
way would be found to the hearts and affections of men.
Listening to the notes we have heard to-night, observe their
character. I sib whether it is possible to imagine instruments
better adapted, better designed for maintaining in us
the love of country, and the recollection of the glorious
tradition, of Old England, than the sours you
have received with such rapturous applause ; and
the duties of the citizen, and attachment to the
land in which we live, dm desire to serve It by
the improvement of its laws, and by the performance of our
personal duty. are rendered stronger by the influences you re-
oeive during the moments now current froto the notes on the
pianoforte and from the voices you have heard. Sometimes
there have been cases, ay, and many cases too, when music
has been exalted to tees more blessed still. No doubt it is
true that, like every other human gift, it maybe polluted and
perverted ; bat of all the music now (miming in the world, of
all themasic which the genius of ages has accumulated, so
amall part, and perhaps that the finest and most com-
manding, is the tousle which has been dedicated directly
to the purposes of offering the eolemn worship of Clubdans
to the Author of their being and of their redemption ; and so
loss as 1,400 years ago, ma of the greatest and most eminent
of all Christian men, the great St. Augustine left upon re-
cord, as one auxiliary instrument of his conversion from hea-
thenism to become a pillar of the gospel, the influences which
the tweet strains of the Christian church exercised over his
yet untutored soul. I have said that such a gathering se
this tends to patriotic purposes ; sad although I =mit that
as • nation we have like other nations our weaknesses and
our faults, and enough of them, yet I say that the eight now
before me is a sight which, while it gladdens the Wart, mast
also or should also make any one thankful to bear the name
of an Englishman—(a please)—for we see in this amens-
blage • Heine practical protest against vice and all degrading
pursuits. Undoubtedly there are difficulties mongh
that surround the path of life ; difficulties en which it would
not become the present occasion I should enter. The faros
of temptation is great, sod far be it from me to pronounce •
severe unsure on the infirmities, of my fellow men. With-
out pronouncing censure on any one, I may be allowed to
feel satisfaction, I may be allowed to utter the voice of thank-
fulness, for I find that this met assembly, composed, as le evi-
dent, from the classes from which it purports to be composed,
namely, from those great classes, the staple of the strength
and the virtue of the country, the working men of England,
that on Saturday night, after the toil of six days, and with
the prospect of its renewal on Monday, the hours which are
lawfully devoted to temporal recreation are spent, not in
searching for violent excitement, but in paying money to hear
• concert and amusement of • character which administers
no
excitement other than the gentlest and purest, the whole
results of which ought to teed to unmixed benefit end advan-
tage. I am, lam afraid, older than the generality of those
who fill this room; and I take advantage of my age to recur
to a circumstance which I, for one, contemplate with the
greatest pleasure and satisfaction. Thirty years ago it was
the fixed belief ot English society that Englishmen in general
were not fond of music. Now, I don't "peak of Lancnebire sad
Yortehire, because ea lonic as Lancashire and Yorkshire have
been Lancashire and Yorkahire everybody knows that these
and some other counties have been devotedly fond of music ;
but I venture to assure you, from my own experience, that
thirty years ago the common opinion was that Esgliehmen,
in general not done class of the nation, but of all classes,
we devoid of any gift by which they could either themadves
execute mono or by wilt= they could appreciate it, and that
the appreciation and the gift of musk were the reserved sad
exclusive inheritance of the few. Within that period we
have had many changes, I testae many improvements ; but
there has been no greater reform wrought in the country,
I venture to Nay, at any rate no more Pins! and /00011/11.
ful r. form, than the musical reform. Thirty years ego
music was taught in none of the common schools of the
country . if in any, in eo few that the exemption only Ern
the rule more censmicuous; and there prevailed an ono-
nem' belief, m we now call it a stupid belief, that, although
Germans and Italians were fond of music, Brielishomin
general and Englishwomen were incapable of enjoying It.
That delusion has been scattered to the winds ; you now
teach music in every well-conducted school throughout the
country; and go and ask the masters who teach whether the
children like it or not, and they will tall you there is nothing
so popular as musical instruction, that there is nothing mon
rare than to find a human being born into the wand entirely
destitute of the gift either of ear or voice. Indeed thew may
be WWI born Into the world who have no voice and no ears,
just as b the nine way there are persons born Into the world
who have no eyes, sad sometimes have no legs—(laughter)
—but the bounty of Providence has conferred on most of se
the possession of eyes and feet ; end In the same way,
depend upon it, the bounty of Providence has conferred an
naskind to general the power of realising and enjoying—
aye, and only be it rightly trained from the Ant, the power
of sharing in the examatios of music. (0 Her, hear " and
applause.) And great as is this densonstration, adinfrehle se
this institution te •in its present condition, I frankly own
that I hope we shall, se time goes an, and as those who have
been taught music in their early days grow up. I hope we shall
me domestic music, we shall me mask find its way into
the hemes of the working classes of this country. (Hear,
bear.) And the enjoyment you are =Sped to come through
the rain to-night to obtain in this hall. I trust you will mo-
rns to obtain bare and Ina Meshed more each haile, and
likewise you will be enahlaito chain it at your onions*, and
by the exercise of those organs whkit, depend span it, have
best bestowed upon you in no stinted measure foe that pur-
pose. Now, allow me in one word more to may I rejoice to
en that as this is s patriotic institatioa, so slosh is • domatis
institution, end that along with thelaboaring memo( Liverpool
who form this great, and I inn say this striking anise=
swear a very fair weakling sad proportion of the partners of
teares, who ought also to be the partners of their plowmen
I end, wham I began, I could not conscientiously swept your
thanks, for I was in your debt, and Doty= In mine. Indian
recapreolty between ite. You have confers= open me the
pawn prawn od Ism bond to say yea have sided to
obligation bY 1100/111 with so muck. patience and kind-
ness to words which I haw ventured to address to yes.
I should newt have tioubled you upon the sa. Jt...for I
regard waif as en leileriepor—(so, no)— far
the none= year wenn ne now agresatertels.
maul. (No, no.) At say eats, I beg you to believe I haw
been led thus far to asps. ea yore panne by a lbw atm-
vicdon that the git of meek of the eshlssan of it will
add insteelelly to your hopplans end einelln, mol may be
moos, by s xlgit sno al ft, a nog innertent marry In the
paths of duty. It h an, duty, as ass of these who far may
jeme Owe beet all= spa to Is peas-
mat—(eireers)—elnesnly and eseis el uphtld tbe
sedieW, britews
lbelly, te Meer Ist their welfare Blue I fed • ore ere
egem dare mead; sad estereieed es I en, I eft
ly, with what we have badtweight,ddifiNelblante
Fle-niis whin I see than in what I herd, ead the experteete
ight will mad me hone with lain elemetal NA oat
ciao convictions that I asnoniinollis,
abtarblier
.yarinewion:
with teepost to the
Itaid,="' Ind aelPholo—tril.
Uvert6w2gremlell • say Imps the, We yea tell
It yea sot
wry porssil tbeeeeris red
tbeemie elf riot Intes. for
I em eirsolocee *dr lellewheri
ear earLle:ll6 weer will he of
the utmost sitvonlospe, not Ie leutethea, bat to the
mei to whisk wet,
11=7 Wllarstras kis bud Is 4 ollseskae. (Thesolons
cksurkkg.)

THE HUTH 07 anon TELEGRAPH.

We live in an age of Submarine Telegraphs, for
sines the difficult task of submerging the Atlantic Cable has
been accomplished, hardly a week has passed that some new
telegraphic nerve has not been laid from the English shores
to those of our contineetal and island neighbours. hot only
have the Channel Islands been recently placed withiu speak-
ing distance of the metropolis, and the North Sea at last in-
tersected by a cable, which combines the very necessary, but
rather unusual, qualities of being anchor as well as water
proof; but even within the last few weeks the manufacture
of several submarine able, for the Australian colonies has
been commenced. The skill in manufacturing and hying
submarine lines, as well as the demand for direct and rapid
communication, have both increased so much of late, that
companies are now no Imager satisfied to have the
memos with which they are entrusted concentrated from
all parts of Europe to one given spot on the coasts of Holland
or France, and from thence to find their way to England
through the common highways of the Dow, Ostend, or the
Hague cables. While such ready end certain means exist of
laying submarine wires direct between given points across
the ocean as do at present, it is never worth while to submit
to the delay and inconvadence which must be caused by
having one cannel station to which all messages must be
seat. The Submarine Telegraph Company, through whose
wires nearly all the communications from the North of Eu-
rope are transmitted, have found the delay and inconvenience
of having messages on their way to England trammelled and
re.tranamittad through the continental over-ground lines so
great, that they have determined to submerge a line direct
across the North See from England to Embden in Hanover,
merely for the conveyance of messages from Hamburg and
the Baltic porta. The difficulties in the way of the
accomplishment of the undertaking are of octane nothing ea
compared with those which have been successfully combated
in the laying of other cables of much smaller length, end those
which do exist arise entirely from the shallowness of the
water, not, as is usually the case, from its depth. Through-
out the whole line of route from Weyboarn, on the coast of
Norfolk, to Embden, a distance of about 250 miles, the depth
of water never exceeds 30 fathoms, and rarely more than
from 10 to 20. Therefore, though no strength is required in
the Gale to resist any strain caused by its awn weight in
submersion, yet, from its having to resist the continual wash
of the sea in such shallow water, a very massive rope has
been found necessary. In construction it differs very
little from the other cables submerged in the
North See, except in containing in the coire two
Insulated conductors, each conducting wire being formed of
four fine copper wires twisted into a strand, and insulated
separately with three coverings of pate perches. The con-
ducting wires are twisted up into a rope with several strands
of rope yarn, which is afterwards Nerved round with more
yarn to ommolidate it into • solid ooire. This is again covered
by a protecting coating, formed of twelve iron wires, each
3-16ths of an inch In diameter. The cable, when completed,
is about an Inch in diameter, and is capable of bearing a
strain of 20 tons, though weighing only about 3 tons to the
mils. But to resist the accidents which may occur to it in
the shallow water on the coast, even this great strength and
solidity is not deemed sufficient; therefore about 2.5 miles of
thick shore end has been made, covered with ten quarter-
inch Iron wires, which makes its strength equal to
bear nearly forty tons direct strain. About live
miles of this thick cable will be laid on the Norfolk coast,
and twenty miles on the Hanoverian side, as the water there
la unusually shallow. The whole length of the oable—viz.,
280 miles—in completed, and is now being roiled away on
board the William Corry, from the works of the manufac-
turers (Messrs. Glass and Elliott), at East Greenwich. Of
course the stowage of • able of this size and rigidity is by
no means a matter of such ems sa would be imagined. The
whole of it has to be coiled away by hand, • prooses which
its great elasticity renders both tedious and difficult. It is
stowed away on board the ship in four great coils, two in
the bold, containing about 85 miles each, and two on the
lower deck, one containing 55 miles of the cable and the other
about 20 miles of the shore end. To prevent the least
possibility of a knot occurring, the coils are made the whole
width of the ship (33 feet), and 44 long. No cone Is Geed
in the centre of the coils to facilitate the paying out,
the great rigidity of the cable rendering all interior support
is the coils, with the exception of • few moss stays, quite on-
asemeary. The total weight of the cable Is very nearly a
thousand tons, and though the sea in which the operations
are to be performed la not by any means a stormy one, yet
it must be confessed that the ship looks unphaeantly low In
the water even to encounter the ordinary weather which
may be expected at this time of the year. However, as
Messrs. Glass and Elliott have contracted fur the laying as
well as the manufacture of the cable, there can be very little
doubt that all will be cat tied out successfully. Of course in
laying such • strong and heavy rope in such • very shallow
sea no complicated machinery is required for the paying out.
It is merely necessary to reduce the speed of the cable to
that of the ship, which an be readily accomplished by
passing the wire two or three times over a large drum, the
motion of which is retarded at pleasure by a common lever
brake. Seldom has the difficult operation of soiling away
• heavy cable proceeded with such rapidity as it has In this
Inatome ; though the work was MA regularly commenced
moll Tuesday morning het, the whole length of nearly 300
miles will be stowed away on board by Thursday or Friday.
The William Cony will Imes East Greenwich probably on
Saturday, and will at once proceed to Weybourn, from
whence, after landing the end, she will start Immediately on
her voyage. In all probability, should the weather be at all
favourable, the absolute operation of laying the cable across
the sea portion of the route will not occupy more than two
days, but for • considerable distance from Embden the water
is so shallow that the cable will have to be laid to the shore
from boats. The transhipment and ceiling away the wire
into them boats will of course occupy • comiderable
time in fine weather, sad cannot be performed at all should
the sea be rough. Seldom has a cable been manufactured
upon the electrical condition of which such care and attention
hr bees bestowed ; every mile of it was tested under water
as emit as dabbed, sad by this are • very considerable fault
which might otherwise have camped notice was discovered
and eat eat. Had the same method of testing been applied
to the Alkalis cable Its protest condition might hare been
very different. Slight faults fa the gulls perthe covering,
which are caused either by air bubbles or fealty joining'',
may swaps oblervatka should the wire be only tested on
shore, but when immersed in water, and currents of the
usual strength transmitted through it, any slight defect which
is likely to Mid the working of the line is sore to be made
instantly manifest. This cable is, we believe, the longest
heavy cable, with the exception of that crossing the Mediter-
ranean, ever laid, though the difficulties of submerging it are
not greater than would be experienced in laying • wire across
the Thames.

New

-Yesterday some interesting

and satisfactory trials were mods It the Regent's Canal
Dock, Limehouse, with for new lihbosts, which the Royal
National Lifeboat Institution is about to send to Cromer and
Reeton, Norfolk ; Preserbargh, he flootlead ; and to Rew-
ards, on the Irish met. The apertronste were whammed
by Mr. T. Chapman, deputy °batman of the society ; Capt.
Perron. Mr. J. Chapman, Mr. Peaks, dodgem of the boats ;
O.s. Ward, R.N., inspeator of lifeboats to the institution;
Hamm Forest, balder. of the boats; lir. Lewis, eserstary
to the society, sad a larp Lumber of other preens. The
beats anon the pima of thew sew mosessfally need by the
National Lilebeet fosisly. After having been tamed keel
op Mrs at CON reeerranot their proper portico, and freed
ibasnoelvas of the wane they shipped is lee thus 23 seconds.
ille great wee the staMllly of one et the lifeboats that she n-
-34 use. no pawale to bring it to the aster's edge.
I say Wait as remain in these boats when there are
31/Tall puma on hued, the some being nit-ejected . Oo the
whoa, =Wig maid be.. be.. noes eatidatory than this
bid. Owing wan died the Havelock, la memory of the late
seilher althea arm fibs is to be stationed at
odors Oar Ilsorf a maw was moth cherished.
The seshry now neatly eighty lifeboat,' under its manage-
MIK MI It appears few parliamentary returns that Its
Illebsels, with those of lessi parties, rescued 396 prams
doles the pest year from s waist, grave.
Till RatrCHAMBIti OF Milan DI HZDICIL—Tha
7brdknown apartment is the Pulses of the Lameaboarg, at
seaii, as the Ohsesier• d Cbseehw a Maris Is Millais,
la West to be restored. The swath weed-oarrimy of the
hamlet Wel% Re., boo Imam woolowidA owl So now-
Tolima wen Twin west we sad WNW '74.= it
wood-swok weld of owno limbo OM low Y
Ivosodisl asioftwo sod dossnike pillow of dm, Pews
srlikk wow Wo was owl Wings ad WY wwWww w-
adi* bod•obrobor. Ow voodoos win lowousbor that Wow
=wire osiesiod by so lose eelebestod sodas Om
PM. do Odwoespo, odd Mock, Pawl&