The Express.
London, England, 1860-11-22 00:00:00

117011.W1q111 LT limbo* BUM&

Tun DATlWiiiind,---li: ila.....allownia. OIL Ws.
Twitoasow—Maistag ift. sm.....Aeusase. WA. Wm

LONDON, THURSDAY, NOV. 22.

Tea telegraph from Vienna and Berlin has
simultaneonak; announced that the British Mission
at the former Court has been raised to an
Embassy. Although this announcement is, as •
matter of fact, prematurely put forth, there is, we
believe, no doubt that such a step is in contem-
plation, and for very sufficient reasons, in the pre-
sent state of Europe.
Ministers simply accredited to the governments
do admirably well in constitutional states, where
the policy and acts of the Cabinet are the result
of the deliberations of ministers responsible to
the Legislatures and to public opinion for their con-
duct as advisers of the Crown. But in great
military and despotic monarchies, where therein*,
the Sovereign is everything end the ministers are
only instruments t.. execute Use imperial pleasure,
where constant reference has to be made to the
Sovereign, and his orders taken on all subjects great
or small, and where subserviency to the will
of the monarch is a primary elen.cnt of ministerial
power, there it is obviously necessary that the re-
presentative of a great power like England should
have access to the person of the Sovereign, and the
right to communicate freely, as occasion requires,
with the arhitrary Chief of the State. Ties dif-
ference between a Minister and an Ambassador at
despotic courts like Paris, Vienna, St. Peters-
burg, and Constantinople, is not, therefore, nomi-
nal, or affecting only diplomatic rank and prece-
dence ; it is a real and substantial difference, en-
abling the representative of Great Britain to occupy
• much better and more useful position towards the
ministers he has chiefly to deal with, by the power
it gives him of communicating without restraint
with their Sovereign. This ambassadorial re-
straint over, and power of appeal from, the minis.
ters of despotic monarchs, induces them to diseoun-
tenance, so far as they are able, the appointment
of Ambassadors ; but as the right of representation
rests with the accrediting government, the conside-
ration to govern its preference is what the interests
of the case require, not what is moat agreeable to
the personal wishes of foreign Cabinets.
The telegraphic announcement is that the Vienna
Mission will be raised to an Embassy ; it might,
however, more correctly have been said : restored
to the rank from which our representative at that
Court was only degraded by the art of the Austrian
Government. So much inconvenience has arisen
from a change which precluded our Envoy from
admission to the person of the Emperor of Arirrer•
to represent the views of the British Government,
and to claim redress for the subjects of his
Sovereign who had suffered wrong, that it
has, we believe, been determined to have
henceforward an Ambassador at Vienna. A
representative of Great Britain of the highest
class, giving full weight and dignity to the repre-
sentations of the British Government, and acquir-
ing in a period of transition like the present in-
fluence and authority at that Court, may be almost
as useful to Austria and Europe generally as to
Great Britain. which can have no interests at
Vienna but us promoting the independence of
Europe, and in encouraging the Errr•aoa to per-
severe in those schemes of reform by which only
the Austrian Empire can be reconstituted so as to
play its part in maintaining that independence.
We have recently pointed out how calmer and
clearer views as to Venetia are gradually dawning
on Vienna than the continued subjection of that
portion of Italy to the guns and bayonets of Austria.
Venetia was for centuries a free and independent
Italian State without in the least endangering the
safety of Germany, and the modern military theory
that the misery of Venetia is necessary to the pro-
tection of Germany is altogether at variance with
the experience and testimony of history. It is pride,
and pride only, by which States as well as angels
have fallen, that insists on the retention of
Venetia, and by its retention menaces the peace
of Europe. England has too frequently in past times
come in great emergencies to the aid of Austria to
be hostile or inimical to her now. She desires not
the downfall of the Austrian Empire, but its reconsti-
tution and consolidation in a form and within limits
which will enable it to develop the happiness and
prosperity of its various populations, and to con-
front the common exigencies of Europe. Guided
by • liberal public opinion, enlightened by a free
press, engaged in the higher objects of govern-
ment, the influence of Austria in Europe would
be an efficient counterpoise to the preponderance
of France and Russia. They are not the true
friends of England who desire to put us in con-
flict or enmity with all Germany. Such a policy,
ht successful, would simply give a military Imre-
mmey to France, it might be • naval
supremacy also if, as in that event would be
most probable, Russia came into accord with
France.

The cow* and policy of Great Britain is plain
and clear. It has enabled by its firmness Italy to
choose its own Sovereignty, and to achieve its
independent 2 free from foreign intervention. But
we haws duties and objects out of Italy ; and if
we can reconcile Germany to the revival of Italian
independence and freedom, and render them com-
patible with the security of Germany from ambi-
tion and aggression on its ',orders, that balance of
power on whi,h peace and general independence
repose will bo preserved to Europe.

Dr. Gray, at Dublin, and Mr. J. Lynter O'Beirne,
of Loudon, had u audiesoo of his Itsjotty the Emperor
NApolown coo ffondny, at Lb. Mom Mt. clotri, to ..Molt
• prf,positino f r mrritag the nova mails to America rut
" he audainc•," Gays lialrhw u, " mos a loft
me, sad entliactory."

last is

Si a,.
able I-

the officers

le poor

gessrally that for the present melancholy position of the
regiment the mem are not se mach to blame. Before I left
Naples the Legion was completely disorganised, many of
the officers bad reigned In digest, and the men were kw-
big it in dosene, I might almost say in hundreds ; and by this
time I dare say them is an Legkeledt. Andan without cams.
From the first day the men landed at Naples up to the hoer
I left they were badly treated, and all the affairs of the
corps were mismanaged in the poems' manor. Ide not
with to say one disparaging word of Colonel Peard, who is
as brave a soldier as ever lived, but at the same time I meet
not conceal the fact that the unanimous opinion of his own
officers and PAD was, that he was not quite the man to
command them, and that bad they bees trader the orders of
Major Styles things would have borne a very different
aspect. You must remember that, although a few molts
had got anieloget them, the greet majority of the men In
the Legion were gentlemen. Many of the men in the ranks
had borne her Majesty's commission in England, and bad
seen active service in India and the Crimea, who, animated
by • love of adventure or of liberty, had come
to Italy to fight for Garibaldi. Such men were
genre critics of their commanding officer's acts, and
to margo them required more than usual prudence, tact,
and judgment. The first thing which shook their faith in
Wesel Nerd's ability to lead them was this. On the night
dthaltth of Gather he ordered the men under arms at
sthinfight /or the parpose of making an attack on Caper.
Wham they had sammehisel be harangued them on the slay
lige amid via I Mbar soseseded. Major Styles and the
idler edlosse YAM to obey his orders ; but two companies
salmallp leOewd the Colonel, who led them up to the very
leslime of Ospea. Fortunately, in the darkness of the
.1.14 Sag was amildiervered by the Neapolitan sentinels,
er everyone of Nem mei have been mesrliked. I marched
with thie Lys. ham IL Angelo to Team The mesa
complained to ms that they bad received no pay.
Many of them were without shoes, and I now more
than one poor fellow trudging along with his feet
tied up in raga There was so soeunissariat, although
it was said Colonel Peard had been offered one,
sad had refused it. There wen so ambulances foe the
sink ; no medical stores. Nosy of the man win dying
from diarrhea, sad Dr. Fairloy, the sawn d the regi-
ment, had not one ease of medicine of say kind, sad bit.
Maly mankind to me that he could not get any. On the
march back frees TOMO to St. Angelo Ike Englishness won
found looting a fanwhouee by some memben of Geribeldre
staff, who seat them adder an wort I. be dealt with as
Colonel Paull should direct. He at owe, without inquiry
or trial of any kind, ordered the MS to be shot ; the picket
told off for the purpose refused to obey orders, and would
not fire. The Colonel sent to Garibaldi for • detachment
of Italians to shoot the ethillsenned men, as his own
regiment wes In a state of mutiny. Garibaldi replied
that it would be a disgrace to English if he were to do
so, and asked Colonel Feud to punks them. Ido not for
a manumit justify the men for looting ; but wham they had
so fond, and were obliged to forage for themselves, they
sorely deserved some kind of trial. On the same march I
saw Captain Hampton guilty of an act of cruelty to one of
the sergemale of kis company, for which Colonel Peard
should have drummed him out of the reginsest, and
he was not even reprimanded. Now, air, then
are a few of the fact. which came under my
own observation. I heard of many others quite
as bet, with which I shall not triable yea. Can
you wonder, then, that the men are all anxious to
leave the Legion, and that many of them are sorry they
weer left England ? Many of them have joined the French
Legion ; others have joroul the military corps under Colossi
Dowling, while a few have joined the cavalry under Colonel
Forbes. When I last saw the Legion on parade at Caserta,
out of eight hundred men there were not three hundred
present on the ground, the others haring left the regiment..
That these men were brave and could fight they rufli•
ineptly proved on the morning of Friday, the 19th
of Getoher. Whelk attacked by Neapolitans five times their
numbers, they drove them back with a shout trader the
very walls of Caps, and taught them • lesson which they
will not soon forget.
Such—owing to mismanagement, injudicious selection of
ofilivri, and iocompeteney on the part of those appointed to
heal them- is the inglorious ending of the British Legion,
which is the more to be regretted, as a finer body of brave
men were never brought together ; and led by officers in
whom they had complete conlidesoe, there wens no achieve.
meets too hazardous and glorious for them to attempt and
perform.
As a guarantee of good faith I have the honour to sub-
scribe myself, T. MASON JONES.
10, Cheltenhani.terrees, Nov. 21.

lEbt Court.

WINDSOR CANTU, Nor. 21.

To.lay being the birth-day of the Princess Frede-
riok Witham (Princess Royal) her Majesty receive.: the coo-
-1 potulat:ous of the Royal Family °tithe atispic-Mus occasion.
The ../ceen, eec, ropanied by Prisceiss Helens and Princess
Louise, ranted the Duchess of Kent this mornuig at
Proginore.
Princ..ws Alice. with the Hereditary Princes of Holstein
Aegusteribourg, aho paid a visit to the Royal Duchess.
Toe Prince Consort went out 'booting, accompanied by
Pilo* Alfred, the Duke of Cambridge, and the Hereditary
Prince of Holstein Anostenbaerg. Captain 0. H. Seymour,
KN., had the hamar of aecerepeoying the royal party.
The Prince of Wales, attended by Major-General the
Hon. R. Bruce and Lieutenant-Colonel Heppe!, left Wind-
sor is the forenoon for Oxford Univeraty.
Prince Arthur rode out oa horseback, attended by Major
inphinstone.
The Duchess of Kent and the Princess of Leiningen
visited the queen and took luncheon.

The Duke of Cambridge took leave of her Majesty and
returned to London is the afternoon, attended by Colonel
Tyrwhitt.
Yesterday afternoon the Duke of Cambridge, the Hermit.
tory Prince and Princess of Holstein Augustochourg, the
Earl and Counties of Clarendon, and Captain G. H.
Hoymour, C.H., of hoe Majesty's ship Hero, arrived at the
Castle, on a visit to the Queen.

The royal dieser party in the evening included the Prince
of Wales, Prince Alfred, the Princess Alice, the Prises sad
Prince's of Unisys, Major• General the Hon. R. Hiram,
Lieutenant-Coked Koppel, Major Cowell, ILE, MA*
_ _

Elphinetone, R.E., and las •isitore staying in the Castle
The Royal Hone (herds bawl played at dinner.
The Quern's private teed afterwards performed in the
drawing-reces the—

(lrerturt•—" Leo Chspirms Iffier'.... Auber.
Melauge—" Eiu Fe Moser in Acehmien".. Ileyerbeer.

The Queen will hold a Privy Council to-morrow (Friday),
at Windsor Castle.

Viscount Palmerston gave a dinner last evening to the
cabinet mioisters, at his residance in Piccadilly.
Deepatches from the Lord High Commissioner of the
lonian Islands and from the Governor of Malta were
received yesterday at the Colonial-office. Despatches were
seat to the Governor of Canada.

His Excellency the Greek Minister, who has
been indisposed for some days past, is, we are glad to learn,
meek better.

The Countess of Caledon has arrived at Carlton-
Louseterrace from Ireland.

Lori and Lady De Tabley bare been entertaining
• aueeessiou of visitors duriag the put week at their seat
i• Cheshire.

Lori wad Lady Forster will shortly leave Willey
Park Salop, to joie the circle aboat to amemble at Savoie
(Neat.

I*dy Havelock and family honoured Messrs.
Haywiod and Leggett with a visit yesterday, and inspected
Mr. T. J. Batter's picture of the " Belief of Lanka:wt."

We (Edinimr9l6 Courant) are authorised to state
that the 1t.,. Dr. Colin Smith, of laverary,will be proposed
Ihderator of the nest General Ameenhly.
The undergraduates at Cambridge have affirmed
at the Dnion. Iry a meimity of 40 to 28, "that the general
tote of ti., swurtlay Amur is subversive of the principles
et true criticism."

TURIN, Nov. 21.

It is araerted that the rumours respecting a loan
to be shortly negotiated by the Sardinian govern-
ment are completely false.
The clergy in the Neapolitan provinces have paid
homage to King Victor Emmanuel.

RANI, Nov. 21.

The Dowager Queen of Naples has arrived hare
with the Prinoess and the young children. They
have taken up their residence in the Quirinal.
The young Queen remains at Gaeta with the
Princes.

The French are about to occupy Terracing,

•
.‘ reminds its readers
iibraltar. It is armed with
of artillery. All the
Charles V. downwards, have
' Ferdinand: a fortified ita
" Our army'," says the
difficulties in taking it ;
binder the political and
military reorganization of Southern Italy, a task to
which the government is devoting its utmost
efforts." The Ever() states that Gaeta has proviaiona
for six months, and that during tho siege the repre-
sentatives of foreign Powers' will remain on board
ships of war belonging to their nations at anchor
in the port.
A communication from Oast& of the 12th fur-
nishes some details not without interest :

The Neapolitan troops still poesseeed out of the town the
different positions of the Norge Seem. As to Gaeta itself,
it was described as stronger than ever. The front of attack
am the land aide does not exceed 700 meter in extent. It
is defended by works cut in the rock and armed with three
rows of faced batteries, one of which has rifled cannon.
These batteries together mount shout 300 guns, and their
line of Are converges on the points from which the attack
must necessarily be made. The ditch at the foot of the
escarpment is cut in the rock, and the bottom of the escarp-
ment itself is completely covered. The other fortified points
are protected by masses of rock, which render them sm.
approachable. The ground in front of the place of attack
is so reeky that any approaches must be mart dli.
cult, and occupy a considerable time. Indepeodeatly of
those defence', Gaeta possesses a certain number of works
established on the heights, among which may be mentioned
the castle, the Tower of St. Francis, and the Monte Orlando,
• strong fort, which commands both the land side and the
sea. A. to the port it is defended by considerable works,
which would cause great damage to vessels of war built
wood. In the situation in which Gaeta now is, and with
the am side remaining free in coussquime• of the non-
recognition of the blockade by the Europe=
powers, it mar, with a garrison of from ff,ooo to 7,000 mea,
with supplies of all kinds, defend itself for an almost in.
definite period. The struggle will be coolkoed on both sides
to a combat of artillery. The besiegers may establish
mortar batteries and bombard the plies ; but that means
will only occasion the destruction of the churches,
building!, and private houses, but will not make tL"riek-
tenders-al it surrender, for the batteries sod forts are all
bomb-proof. The king had got one wing of his palace put
into 'lron defence, and to it retired with his family.
Francis 11, bas issued the following order of
the day :
Soldiers,—When, after two menthe of generous efforts,
perfect self-devotion, labour, and fatigue, we thought we
had completed our work of crushing the revolutionary in-
vasion of our country, there arrived the regular army of a
friendly sovereign, which, threatening our bait of retreat,
hes obliged us to abandon our positioo. Happen what
may from these events, the whole of Europe in waimatier,
and judging them, will not be able to do leas than admit
the valour and fidelity of a heedful of brave men, who,
simistiag the perfidious seduction, as well as the strength of
two armies, have not only made resistance, but have mice
more metered illustrious the history of the Neapolitan
army by the WOW of Santa Maria, Cajarso, Trifisco, Sent
Angelo, he. These foots will remain indelibly graven on
my heart. To perpetuate the remembrance of them • braise
medal will be struck, bearing the legend " Campaign of
September and October, 1860." and these words on the
reverse, " Santa Maria, Cajazzo, Trifisco, Sans Angelo, ltc."
The model will be suspended by • blue and r°l ribbon ;
while ornamenting your noble breasts, it will remind every-
one of your fidelity and your valour, which will always be
a claim to glory for those who shall beer your name.
Itasca IL

• -

MUSIC.
i • •
lOVAIIE CLARA NOVELLO'S FAREWELL
• CONCERT.

TER., EXPRESS. TIERSD: Y fEl4l*fp\- NO
-- ~.44d, .. aet ..,
THE BRITISH LEGION AT NAPLIAL LATIOIIIif . Mill. , . .A . OE. 4.' % 161. I ! 11141 x.
ro rya fDrroa or rien =mum I .111= Es. 1; AETA. is, —A paragraph in the Lud leiter from y •
•• • Ili" Vir :• . s 1
correspondent at Naples in your Impreseles et Monday r - "1nu.16.,."4 The opiXielf the nth I
isfrialeacdsuisiidot thrmgienVeCulP:olllllg4 unelaintheesslintotishihLegie tgavo: General Goyim is said to have &okra:that he that Gaeta is a second Gibraita
"yen hundred palceil
loud at Caserta. I only returned from Naples bat
would not deliver tie materiel belonging to the . of I
50V from Charles V.
It, aid as I hal a pot dal of Mtertenrse Intla both Bourbon troops. who had Calton refuge in the 43/4artirit, defenses. i Irma,
officers and men 'of the Legion, sad am fully acquainted Roman States, either to Francis IL
,or to King most vulnerable points. " 0
I the felts of their cane, I bete you will give me a 0••• Victor Emmanuel. Negotiations are,however, being Opinions, " will find great die,
oar columns to explain to their friends and the country but this siege will not binde
.... . .. rally that fn. lila nemmant ....1......1-1.-_.r..__ ../ •1.. continued on this subject.