The Express.
London, England, 1859-07-29 00:00:00

LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, JULY 29. 1859.

in raglan the answer of het Majesty's govern-
meth is that prepaid's. Bat though tame caw
itheader ben ao dean weighed with the orathelllng
Emperors in favour of pens, yet I believe then is • neon '
which bee not been gives he the she porn, bat which,
worthless, had its weight, end I ahead say etheidentbie
weight, both with the Emperor of the Prim& and theism:it '
et Aintree I think it was impossible that a sovereign who bed
never Wen on the bade Sell could have failed to have been
struck with horror open being preset in a field of keels
where more than 40,000—betwein 40,000 sad 60,000 inn,
most of them in the prime and vigour of life—lay killed
and wounded. I believe that that seetiment had
au effect upon the Emperor Napoleon, and I believe
it made en impression es the Emperor of Austria ; and for
my pact I think it no disparagement of great sovereigna who
have rale over mighty empires, that, while they maintain the
policy of weirdos they have the faller of men. (Cheraw.)
The treaty et gene wine we made at Villahence on the
Uth of July, senate el two pert which ace very different
in their nature. One part is that which male peace be-
tween the Emperor el the Frew& and the Emperor
of Amide en the cessikenettia of the melon of
Lambe* le the &arm 1 the French, which was
is be keisediseely delivered to the King of Sardinia.
New with rUpset to that matter, I do not think it is for us,
whe hew Mho eerie In the war, to oomminit on se criticise.
(Haw, thee.) Nth* Emperor of the French thought that he
bettinide wierilke enough of French blood and treasure, and
that the forest premeation of the war would lead to an Its-
meths wafter( Ithe sad property, I think he was fully Unti-
tled gad iciatherheil is camludiag • treaty of peace. (Hear,
bier) Oa the ether hand, the Emperor of Austria had no
doubt • full right, cogaidering the further sa•
entice of men sad beanie he would have to make, by
the ethics of • province to purchase peace. That is • natter
which was for their own consideration. The Merlon of that
province does not make any such disturbance of Europe en to
give the powers of Europe • right to interfere with regard to
that *element. But the other part of the treaty is of • very
different nature. It proposes en organnation for the future
government of Italy. I observe that • noble friend of
mine (Lord Eloise) the given notioe of a motion with regard
to this country entering into any conference upon that
'abject. Now I observe the notice is given In terms
which I moot say do not at all apply to the proposition that
las hoe mole to this house. The pemoltion is :—e That
it would be conthtent neither with the honour nor the dig-
nity of this country, which throughout the late negotiations
be preserved • strict and impartial neutrality between the
esetending parties, and which bee used its earnest eadea-
then to prevent an outbreak of hostilities, to take
pert In any conference for rattling the detail' of
• the peeliminaries of which have been ar-
waged wen the Emperors of Fracas and Austria."
That be • geeptellka in which everyone will agree. It le
ow windy • quaint at arranging the della of • peace ea
'lda ere the segessiges bed agreed. There is not a
intik be wend ale berme the dignity of this country to
ewer Inge the thillument ei these detail.. Bat when it bo-
oms, • queetke with regard to the future et Italy—when
the whole fonages if nary for years to come will depend on
what may be dine Ober by the sovercegas of Prang and
Au•tria alone et by the States of Europe ..itticg In centres',
the question k gee el • very different eetutlexion. (Hear,
hear) The But at Clarendon, in 1858, wheil
attending the °enterers a Paris to deliberate ea the ques-
tion of peace between Great Britain and France on the one
side and Raga en the ether, thought it his duty, la me-
ration with the Anheendn Plenipotentiary of Frain", to
brag the subject of Italy before the consideration of the
conference. He did se ea the great* that the state of Italy
was important to Keraps, end lee declared that so long es
the emoting state of &Gen freshened, end Boma was cora.
pied by foreign troop", they emit! expect nothing but new
halos. He said it behoved the wisdom of the
powers of Europe to consider what remedies
they could provide. That was • statement on the
pert of her Majesty's government which I have never beard
Impegaral la this bow' that the state of Italy wee a nutter
kw their cansideration, and that the paw of Europe might
depend on the solution. On • queetion which affected the
*lnn of Europe, the opinion of England ought not to be left
ha doubt. I will now, air, mate what is the proposal which
hes brae in ide to us on the part of the government of the
Emperor of France; it is not, as my noble friend the member
for Haddington eupposes, that the government of Greet
Britain should enter into • congress or conference for the
repo. of considering the dotaila of the treaty of
'e entrance • it is el • very diSerent nature.
I do net think I can give the how, • better conception of the
moure of ea proporal them by reading en extract trout Count
Waleerald's dispatch to Coact Peraigny, of which he left me
• copy. I cannot ranee the prelizeinarie. of run which
be has also left with me; they are signed only by the Em-
peror of Arabia, and ere altogether informal document.,
ad TM Turin te be tented into • treaty to be hereafter
sigaeL The ankles el the treaty are nearly word for word
W immesethase whit% appeared in the a...givers, and there-
fen it be he asomeary I "noted prelims them; but if there is
my with on tie tart ot the house that I dated produce the
mitiredsegatelt from Count Walswelh, I have no objection to
do to. He rays : " A Freon mid Austrian plenipotentiary
are than te meet kemediaisly at Batch to convert into •
treaty of peso, the hues deeded epee between their Majes-
ties. Yen as alien by my former oorreepondence that the
goverethist he always desired to see the great powers
cancer ter the Mahn settlement of the afore of Italy.
His Majesty's Intentions here not altered in this respect.,
and we hops that the powers will be able to mese, either in •
, comas or • conference, to wafer en all the goa-
tees raised by the actual stale of thine in irate)
and which are connected with general interests."
I will repeat the lost words to show what it is we are raked
to do. "To center cm all the questions rained by the wad
stale of things in Italy, and which are connected with p-
anal interut.." Tin house will obarve the terms are per
• general, there Is as reliance to say treaty of poses.
He aide : " I need net add that the very nature of the new
relating to be created in Italy will imply • re-
hammy andereleadag between the different states
et the Patina* who will necessarily be celled
ern to seeable to order to deliberate upon the
bane of the Confederation, whose rani:Mehemet the
two sovereign' have mutually agreed to farther."
Now, sir, with regard to the course which her Maieety's
government have thought it their duty to pursue, we have
not thought It necessary at premien to give as y reeks
answer to the despatch. We have thanked the Em-
piror of the Preach for the communication, bat
we have intimated, not In writing, but through her
Majesty's anthasedor at Pala, that there are one or
two WW2 things necessary to be understood before a
cootaisce is agreed on. One is that we should see the treaty
of Zurich, white& is also to be agreed oa. We on told tt is
still • matter at doubt whethee the treaty el Zurich le to
confirm, under the signatures of the plenipotentiaries, the
artielesagreed on by the sovereigns, and deal with the death
of the general remora they had agreed on. The treaty,
however, may contain leas than the preliminvies ; it
may merely confirm the peace between the Emperors
sad the King of Sardinia, and not enter into
any of the other article., except the menu of Lombardy.
It will depend, of Warr*, on which of the., course. is taken,
and whith will not be known until we see the treaty of
Zurich, yenta her Majesty's 'encomia will find them-
selves in • position to aides her to ether the invitation.
(Hear, hear.) There Is another point to be considered. I
hold it would be utterly useless to go into any continues
unless the Emperor of Austria we a party to it ; it is under-
stood he objected, et the time he signed the treaty of Villa-
franca, to any orahrethe es cemerrees whatever. As to
centerlines et the great power% from which the represents-
hve of Asada wwM be sheer% awl probably the plat:erten-
Lary of Ruda nee, It would be totally umbra to call that
an wawa* of the gnat penes, or to attempt to settle the
an et Hely. On these two quahogs, sir, &pada •
third. What will be the points which the cenferrnee or cou-
rses weld have to oouslder f The treaty of Wideness,
I thick, with raped to these *wane hoe kb the stale of
Hwy quite unesitied. While them ere meters of deala, as
advice given be the eoalireacto would be of my nee, sad
la order to smile them there most be a esanotaity
of views between the powers; it would be jest se geed are
to enter into it at all as to enter It with • view to tweeting off
en • draergethe olden which should arks at early wirrad.
Teen an three matters of vary great importance tooehd on
in the treaty, sad fa my opinion in say Meaty istaided to
auk the alien of Italy teem should form the kandation of
its oreseption and etheetien. It is ianesabie to my that
the treaty itself cookies any eauktoset of thole
matters which In 1856 raised the anxiety of her
MWeity're plenipotentiary at Pais, which in 1857
sad 1838 have been matter of deliberates among the
powers of Earerbid which weee the cause of tits way
sheet and very war whisk has just bees terinimesa.
The lest gawks lean in coasequesee of the waving
opiates of the Emperor of the French ta favour et the pro-
les et • orakderstios. The minas alba treaty do not say
in terms that • emetherselea shall be termed, it oily seam
that the two sovereigns will teethe er 01111vartlair the meadna
et • eoetederatien. Now, sir, I believe the
le a tree tour It hem des fotanthitien—theeM:l lase;
Italy he been on.;
ter ethenthe the he been •
prey to the contentleg armies el ffersige ewers, and it the
weld have an apaisethe of her eras, it the am* elates at
Italy could be naked by a bawl et tuna. band by a MEd
bond. glace la an el a denseive attanohr, sae* a lithee•
tin* voted be *wag aneogli to withstand, ementlea. ad
then weak bees dingo' of, sad no eseessitylir, eskers-
mean et kedge powers. I believe, this, it we • who
sisuppen. bet I sae* at the sane date eny. I dada way
NIA whether the time has ease when enek a sea-
Shrelies eta be envied late amt. Let se see
mkt imam sea to othilitthe it : it it mewl

to olio Ow Pop preoldhat of it ; the Emperor of Ain-
, iris Is he to eahwabor Woods% the two archdukes, and
saws Sr Nig of Naples sad the Kim ot Sardinia. Now,
olw, I own Ido sot animal oar bast tint ootkisderation so
I Demi is badly for the bonsai of Italy ; h is the natant at •
combination that dons who connitato it should oonsidwr is

Dom{ oil penal sabi•eir (Hoar, base.) B;;dralZZwe
an know, and es we hays obeseved with satisfaction, has kw
}an Nord tree institutions, sod PrdsPwitY thot
Is theca. How ovoid it lossetwaseed that is Polls,
Si 4 of each • body, end the Empires of
Austria, we on• of the sothitehes, as a nessater,
could Isiltiviseela a operas or favour math views as would be

put fermi riiiiii; Xing of Sardinia or hie mialater P Tao,
for ineleince, the quer= of liberty of worship, •
mach braced in this cesiatry ; we have viewed with aPa-
pea= theestaillabenat of freedom of public worship at
Tian mil lad the territories at the Kim of Sardine—
is ell hie sines there le now freedom of
=ll,llllll—Tuacany there is what is celled liberty of can-
ddirlliuiLli Italian who lamchurch s the catholic
sad. g a protestant will be unroolesied, but
Taseiteigt Italian protestant' will not be allowed
to fur publio worship; whoa the confedera-
tion to meet and to lay down rules ea this
mar; haw will it be geesible to reconcile the opposite views
widen the Pope and the Emperor of Marla approve of with
the liberty Muth the Perimantese enjoy ? It appears to me
thatralthough a contideration would be a good system if
ethablieleed fa Italy, yet the ;deprives made by the =ma
Viinfresses will hardly fulfil the condition ou which w.could
Sim • derosive united fideral union. Then, ter, there mire
aredier question with mad to the mode in which this
terreeid is to be emir into effect; with Mord le
. - , . soreary to have • full eel
WIN lea biretris governed
be la • posi resat to any reference to • atiaht-
ere of the greet powers. We all know that by ea artier eff
the treaty, my abort and acarewhat ribignous, it I. de-
cried that the Greed Doke of Timmy and the Doke of
Modena are to be restored to their wore These is ggrreaetl
anyety to know in what way they are to return. (tsar,bear.) The Grand DM of Tuscany is in this patios, net
vary diminelar from one oar otermied by a sovereign in thin
many : he reigned by virtue id • constitution • he violated
and 'appeared that constitution; his people 'made rpm-
sentaticesa, and celled on him to abdicate; he did not,
but withdrew hireselt from the estuatry. He is in the positing
of a s merge who has violated • fundamental law, sad
withdrawn from the terdroey over which he presided. That
lea patios very unfavourable for his return ; bat it may be
that the people of Tammy, who enjoyed many yews of
happier' under tors mild rule of the Archduke Leopold, may
desire to recall the son of the Grand Duke who has
abdicated. Inquiry kaa been tore with regard to this ;
end I may tell the hoar that, although I have no
official murmur, in feat, I feel convinced, and have very
god meson to believe, that the Emperor of the French boa
no
intention to employ French troops for the restoration by
forte of the Greed Da= (Hear) I believe likewise, tram
all 1 can learn, that the Emperor of Austria has no men-
tion—at least, he has not avowed any—of using his troops
for the purpose of restoring the Oro Grand Dukes. I think
I may presume that if he did intend, the Emperor of the
French would not coirent. This bring the ore, shows at
coca great difficulty in carrying the treaty into effete ; it la
very doubtful whet the malt will be. The people of Tuscany
are now about to choose repreeentatives according to the
constitution which the Grand Duke bad abrogated. They
will oonsider for themeless whether they will, as we did in
this coning once, meal their eovereign ; if so, her
Majesty's government would not oppose it ; bet
if the representatives of the people of Tuscany, met-
lug to denim the wishes of the people, declare that
under a =Ma government, and Wader that Jose, they sea
live happily, it world be impossible for any reprebelve of
her M.j.ety to go &gam that derearation. (Hoer, hear.)
Sir, with regard to the Duke of Modena there is a meat dif-
ference of opinion. Some say he would be mired with
acclamation by his people ; other, that he can sour be
restored enoept by twee. 'These are all ea width
we must have the dearest uadsrrsatWWlsfwwea as p into
• oorereaos. There is yet warm garden the
most difilealt of all is Rely—l rem the tem-
poral 'overwind of the Pope With regard to his
supremacy, the declaration of the Emperor ei the French sad
of the King of Sardinia has produced • Amp fa
and the neighbouring province. For the Wet re year
Me been kept in =diem to the Pepe by en Amara=
risen, which bee kept order in the town wad Morel
Lyadhurst lowly stated the number of peeve that bad ham
put to death by the Auden= oder martial law. I death
doubt the greater portion of these had courdned
robbery or ether serious mime but no
toictlike have the, criminal juries administered by
troop)—their own law set ride, and martial law
to be led,insteedo The commismie wee that as sees in
the Austria& troops ten hologsa, the Cardinal Lewitt ha-
methately follewed thew He mat away quits tweedy la
his coach, no one molested him, hat be found he must
leave ea eras as the Austria= went. The case pun so
in minded a story I have hoard a • previous Cardinal Legate
of Bologna. Every ono knows they often are the
authors of very relined and witty sayings with regard to pc-
liticel aides, of which, however, they are bad legielators and
edministraors. The Cardinal Legate was Mr how the
city of Bologna wee gang ea. He add, o Very well, indeed,
very quietly • but as to perms attached to the government
of lids Holiness, there is nobody but the Vice-Legate end
myself, sad of the Vise-Legate lam not very sure." (A
laugh.) The government of Bologna had Moe been carried
on by the °Weans, and when Marino d'Arglio, a man re-
med and beloved by all holy, arrived with a contra= for
the King of Sardinia, it wee Moulded 70,000 perms at-
tended Ms earn-ptfon, and he =a tweeted with rapturous
.±.... How us the government of the Pop to be made
bis to the people of the Legroes f The Emperors of
,sats7 and Au-tale say they will reoommand the
Pop to make indispensable reforms • bat the Pope may
say, as he has sad, ° I may be ' driven Irma my
throne to the most humble village ; even these I will main-
tain my authority ; but while lam on the throne I most
govern according to the dictates of my own colleagues." It
will be difficult to deal with this. lam told the Pope le not
averse to the confederation, that he has even accepted the
presidency ; but what will then be the' position ? He ham
always rid be ought not to mingle in of airs of war, and it
is sot his part to be at the bead of a confederacy Mich mutt
be formed with • view to kindle wsullike operations.
These, air, ere some of the ditilmlties which at-
tend, this question. The King of Naples, I am happy to
, leers,although he has not done oil that thehim= of
popular lassitude= mold desire, has made • beginning at
putting an end to the =sena which prevailed under the Ire
Kin. It le said that =saga the institutions of the lees
Kies—mum eves them the dawns in which his trim
wore plarr—w= a sort of law, which resembled rather the
inalten el theonsoinn suspected proms under the fro of
Terror la Franca. Under this law it wee said there ware la
Naples 10,000 persons under the mataut attreeillasee
of a demotic, trnatinical police, end in the previews
so may as brought the whole number to *boat
100,000. These persona were unable to pearls" any learned
proferion, unable to leave their towns or their dwellings,
westerly dodged by the police, who, by the arbitrary power
vested In them, became mom poserful even than the sove-
reign, more powerful than the landed aristocracy, mom
rI than the ministers of the crown. The present
ieggt4
olf Naples had made a begianing of =nisi en end Is
this. I believe he ie sire= in hie dean ; bat se yet the
sake have been in a great dames able to thwart hie dies.
sad in teeny plum hove not curried out his Mire. Be het
mow, however, chosen a minister, tbePrince of Barite°, brew
=own to us as General Farmed, a man of traded views
and firm conduct, and 1 believe that under his rare the eta."
ed Naples will be greatly ameliorated. Well, dr, Wags
have now come to thre volition, thet there is a treaty about
to be made at Zurich. and a confidential =eat of the French
i government has been sent to Vienna to settle with the
Emperor of Austria what the conditions shall be lae far as
I am learn the Emperor of the French is most anxious that
the treaty should enable the Italians generally to have tin
privdtme of self-government. Now, dr, whether that be
probable node one sovereign or other, or whether the
reforms would be more secure if there were two or three
powerful .Latta, I am oeaviaced, and her Majesty's goyim
meat are conviteed, that an independent Italy composted of
independent states in Italy would tend to time welfare of
Europe, would avert many dangers which have arisen from
the contests of foreign powers for its fair land end hallo
provinces, and would give security for the future of Europe.
I cannot say it ie impossible that there may be
a traference or congener ; but this I will say,
that it would not be Me of her Majeaty's go-
vernment, and would be still lees win fur this
boor to come to any absolute deaden on the subject.
(teg, bear.) It would never do for the ministers of the
I wawa el Great Britain, who have taken • part Jittery
great confarenoe in Europe since ISIS, who took a great
pet under Mr. Canning in the termed= of the kingdom of
Fretece—who twits put under my noble friend the Secre-
tary fir Foreign Allem in the formation i f the kiagenn .if
Belgium and its separation from Holland—l ay it would
sever become us now suddenly, and without any moon, to
withdraw from any such mem", any rat assembly of
the different power. of Europe, if there is any chance that
the road= of Italy may be improved, peace confirmed,
ai d the ladepeadoece of States esettred. (Hear, beer.) At
the same time, all the conditiola I have =Meerut most be
well comadered bares any own sweat Is riven. I must say
nothing eeold be worm than to act in the way my noble
trier the member for Haddiagtenehir• (Lord Bitho) ger
pool • government could—to sit ba corms= to sere
the Made of • treaty whisk had hese weld ea by the Mbar
sovereign. No such erg hes been tentunplated. No
such proposal wee ever mode by the Emperor of the French.
He also said, and said truly, that Italy has bee&
• snare' of coasts= dagger, sad the seat of periodical meals-
tien, and that the dryer meld am be averted, and revolasios '
stayed, errs the powers allure,' in genera then warn ed
to a esetkeneat, to Mick the people of Italy could give their
etimat, and which would conamed the approval of reason-
able sad jest tre is all paved Europe Sash bend the
view" id the Preach, and soak being the difficulties' oa our
put, brume we tea take port is any molt cenfarenes I will