The Express.
London, England, 1858-04-09 00:00:00

FRANCE INMAN? SHIP ON WORE NW

OBIORRBTBR BARBOUR.

On Sunday morning, about half-paat two o'clock,
a large three-mut Tessa ran ashore at West Whaling,
a short distance from Cakeham Tower, about • mile-and-a-
half to the east of the mouth of Chichester Harbour, and
about 200 yards from the shore, considerably above low water
mark. We learn from a coast guardsman on duty at the spot
that he saw the ship making towards the land, at the time of
high water, and was much astonished at the circumstances
It bethg a fine, calm, clear, moonlight night. He fired off his
pistol twice, and showed a blue light, which only had the
I ate of giving the alarm to the men at the coast guard
I station, who at mos put off to the chip to render assistance,
but without effect at that time, their own boat Deist swamped
in the attempt. On visiting the scene of the abater we
found the vessel to be the American barque P.itrea, Captain
Samuel Osborne, from Hans for New York, with emi-
grants to the number of 217, French and Gamma, and •
general cargo.
We have since received the following additional maim-
lane. The ship left Havre on Saturday sant 10 a.m. (the
cause of her running ashore at this spot is still a ),
and struck at 22 minutes put 2 a.m., on Sunday.
captain adopted the usual measures of backing sail, &a., with
the view of easing her off, but to no purpose, as sirs took the
shallows at high tide, and struck heavily, and the needing
water left her still more embedded in the sand. Raey usist-
mos was rendered by the coast guard, under the command at
Lieut. Wollaston, R.N. About 3 pm. • boat, manned by 12
bands, was despatched by the aptain to theChsvalles Pawner
lardo, United States consul at Portsmouth, udondag Um at
the disaster, and asking assistance. The consul imasoitely
reithuitsi,
from
ths %WIN the mosolo, Masa*
about 12 miles from r 01.11111011111.•• simmer had bola mat
to the ship In the comes of Sunday from Portsmouth, by
Chevalier Vandiabsegh, the Franck Gonad, • report having
reached him that she was • French ship, but the stammer was
unable to move the wrecks and she returned on Meader at
daybreak, the wind dun blowing a gale from 11.8. R. The
consul, haring aka would become a total loss, acting in con-
junction with the captain, deemed it expedient no longer to
delay attempting to land the passengers, and they were
hoisted over the side by means of a barrel and • "whip,"
the women and children being first attended to. A heavy
surf was beating on the beach, but another gang of comet-
gnard men and others, by ropes, helped to drag the boats
to land ; and these combined efforts were so suocessful,
that all were landed, numbering 339, without an accident
of any kind, the consul and captain being the last to quit
the wreck. The corneal, after providing for the comfort of
the poor creatures to the bent of his ability proceeded to
Portsmouth, and applied to the naval authorities for a
powerful steam tug, to extricate the ship from her perilous
position, and lighters and hands to save as much as possible
of the cargo, should it be found impracticable to float her,
The tag, be., was promptly sent, but there same but little
hops for the stranded vessel, as the wind frashansel in the
after part of Monday, and the tides are dead neap. How-
ever the ship is • strongly built one, of about 600 tons
Mahan, and well Satensit. The disaster has caused the
most Intense excitement in the neighbourhood ; the fact of a
large ship so close in shore at this spot being unprecedented,
as the beautiful smooth sands are left dry at low water fer
a distance of nearly 300 yards from high-water mark. We
are pleased to find the inhabitants generally mince a desire
to minister to the comforts of these unfortanate
to ple, sud-
denly thrown unapt them in such a pitiable plight, the
beat of their ability. Oar hat account states ship to be
still fast in the sand.— Weal Sussex (Muff..

A CAPTAIN IN DIPPICULTIES.—MLLBOURNE,
Pis. 7.—On the 29th of January the American ship General
Nowell left Hobeon's Bay, in tow of • steamer, under an
agreement to tow the ship to ma for the NOM of 1601. When
ahe arrived off Queenscliffe the officer in charge of the police-
station boarded her b 7 the customs boat with a warrant,
transmitted by electric telegraph, to arrest the captain for
debt. Inquiry was made on board for the captain, but all
stated he was not on board. After searching tarns time he
was at last brought up from the hold, having been secreted
under • heap of old rile, with blocks of wood and other
rubbish thrown carelessly over him. On hie appear-
ance in charge of the constable, the chief officer and
others of the crew of the ship attempted • rescue.
A skirmish ensued, the crew of the customs boat
and the constables were defeated, after being shame-
fully beaten and abused in the performance of
than duty. The ship was then allowed to proceed to /011.
The steamer Victoria came down shortly after, with Sir
Henry Barkly on board, coming to join his family at Queens-
elite, but hearing of the catastrophe the Victoria immediately
gave chase, his Excellency remaining on board, and about
9.80 p.m. she returned, having the captain of the General
Nowell in custody, and early on the 30th be was set to
Melbourne la the Ladybird (sicsansr.), in chart af • Plan
of
The General Nowell put back during the night, and
is now moored of the Bluff. At the Geelong PolioeL_Aeom
Benjamin Hof, chief ogler of the General Nowell,
guilty to a charge of aessultiag a constable whilst in the
charge of hie duty. The constable swore that on his seerele-
hag on board the ship for the captain, for whom he had •
warrant, and having arrested am, 'the captain mit mats
ordered the men to throw the constable and his party over-
board. The latter were then wailed by the mew, end were
threatened with being taken out to sea if they remained on
the ship. The prisoner wee severely admonished by the
wart, and committed for three months.
PASSION WEEK IN PAttle. The churches were
titled to overawing during the whole week, and, it may
almost be said, at all hours tithe de y. The rarer* plush,
preached every evening at Notre Dame by the Pere Felix.
and specially inteaded for the edification of male hearers, and
for those gm. des mu& who are satiated with the minimum
observance of an Easter-day communion, was atteaded4
some four thousand persons, composed, we are aasu
"of the Mitt of society, of men of science and literature.'
It is to be hoped that it was so, and that what is called
the Intellectual world of Paris were there to learn from the
=, Jesuit though he be, that there is another tri-
another standard of truth besides that which
they worship at the Sorbonne and the Institute. The sight
at all events was edifying and imposing, to witness the vast
and dimly-lighted nave of the floe old cathedral, filled
throughout its mysterious depths by a sea of heads which
murmured responses through the remotest reamers of the
building, while a single spot in the far eastern extremity
biased with light where the Cross stood exposed over the
tomb of the Saviour. The plaintive strains of the Niue-tr.,
too, fell finely upon the ear as they burst from the shrill
not,, of the choristers paced in the high organ loft above
the west doorway ; and this again was presently varied by
something yet more sublime, when the deep but of four
thousand voices combined with the tones of the organ in
the responses and eastivas. On Easter faraday the at-
tendance at the metropolitan church for the 00111M104013
eke Antenna was u as might have been ex-
pected from the ocagngat of the previous evening, and
probably not less than three thousand persons partook of the
Holy Sacrament. At the otherparishchurches, where serous
were nightly delivered, the evening attendance appeared to
be equally numerous. In general the western doors stood
wide open, and the crowded congregations emerged almost
1 poa the streets. At the Madelene, from twelve to three on
I::::iaditatai the miss of discourses on the Sept Banda,
in with strains of music, were preached by hi.
, the curd, with his usual capaciousness of voice and
finency efnot delivery, but in a style eadmanner far too drama-
tic, or, to give offence, toomerely oratorical, to suit either
English ears or the swat subjects commented on. Our church
waste greatly, no doubt, its " tribune " and " pub*
speakers ;" bat one would prefer retaining its present too
subdued style of falling into the mere declamation so often
beard eleewlaere.—Graniime.

THE TEST OF INSANITY.—What, I may be asked,
is my test of insanity I" I have none. I know of so on-
erring, infallible, and safe rule or standard, applicable to all
cases. The only logical and philosophic mode of procedure
in doubtful cams of muted alienatien, is to compare the
mind of the lunatic at the period of his suspected it:amity
with its prior natural end healthy condition; in other words,
to oonaider the intellect In relation to itself, end to no artifi-
cial d Arson tad. Each individual ones must be viewed in
its own relations. It to char that such is the opinion of the
judges, notwithstanding they maintained u a test of respon-
'limey a knowledge of tight and wrong. Can any other
conclusion be drawn from the boons used by the judges
when propounding in the Home of Lords their view of -
sanity in connection with crime f " The fads," they my,
" of each particular ass meet of netaielty present them-
selves with endless variety and with every ohs& of difference
in each awe; end it is their duty to declare the law upon
each particular cues, upon facts preyed before them, sad
saw hearing segossate of counael thereon, they dims it at
mad at the same time dangerous to the
=sietreilten of jelaba, tf it were . to
to
to mike minute a=cationa of the plea invo.l.veds=
• italaildidobitys, Wphiloi theqouphic mode'°
of haveetTkitialingis
rum came • Ind if seemly adhered to, the ends a
jostles would he atisred, and the requirement, of Went*
sediffeL—Dr. Porbee Window, in Jeered of Pywhologiesl
MallisisAfsr

_
dprojera of =We (says a letter from Rome), we
are premse• • NW you of Verdi'. for the ease* canifeel
raw" emitted Le Visedelta is Doesiee. The
wee laessaid by the maestro fur the theatre of Sea la
tar aide& it wee expressly written' is the
lort4erbeter, bat the directors of that eetehliehmat
bibbed
_um eitendied the Masao ter isisslisr,
Alimart, for which the am* amid me have
bees all adopted, Verdi refused to eaulda ads
te them The Neepoliteu govetamerit vier
la Wm
bit he eesaal sie4y, the seaseger laving
duty d pabatets • saw open by • ihst-rate oraerine own
eiesea. The traierpf boa anal Verdi he demedal fa
am at OAS ihme• Vaal bee reyded by eras* OF
wall he amts. hem lie werealpr. Lawyers read is the
welled leer. eed Ream dladiadif ere molested te krara
the year erre reeks Its dreg spiwerseoe bele Wesel el at
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Ib' Oxivegoo.

TO OOILIBITONDI*TS.

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LONDON, !AIDA]; APRIL 9.

Tin " Cerrespendenoe respecting the Cagliari"
raises two mein questions which it is desirable to
keep distinct. One of these questions relates to the
legality of the seizure; to the steps taken by the
late Government, under the advice of their law
officers, in reference to the matter ; and to the pre-
sent state of international rights thence arising.
Upon this part of the case, though it is far from
being exhausted, we shall at present only remark in
poling that the opinions of the law officers, as pub-
lished in this Correspondence, contrast most unfa-
vourably in point of legal learning, sound logic, and
completeness of research, not only with the elaborate
arguments of the Sardinian jurists, but with the
very able papers of Dr. PHILLIYORE and Dr.
'!hiss. Other opportunities will present themselves
of recurring to this branch of the subject ; what we
now wish to do is to ascertain what light this " Con
.. respondence " throws on the scarcely less important
question, whether our late Secretary for Foreign
Affairs did or did not do all that might fairly be
expected from a British Minister in alleviating the
imprisonment of these two British subjects, in reev-
ing for their release, or is insisting on their right, so
long and so insultingly reseed by the Neapolitan
authorities, of having free intercourse with the
British Consul. The importance of this question is
obvious. Lord CLARENDOS has pretty notoriously
secured the allegiance of the most influential organs
of the ex-Ministry. It is confidently calculated in
certain qearters that a return of Lord Peammurron
to power as Prime Minister must necessarily involve
the restitution to Lord CLAMMIDOW cithessaisol the
Foreign-4km Our readers are alresdy in pose union of
our nestimati on the matter of Lord PALMERSTON'S
precipitate resumption of Ministerial supremacy.
We should regard such an event as a misfortune.
A restoration so rapid and so unconditional would
necessarily incresee that sense of indispensability,
and that arrogance of power, which are scarcely com-
patible with the satisfactory working of our consti-
tutional system. A Minister thus brought back to the
helm of affairs, because he alone is thought competent
and ready to grasp it, would be virtually none other
than a Dictator ; and Dictators, however unavoid-
able in great crime of state emergency, are, under
any other circumstances, decidedly objectionable.
This—combined with the humiliating recollection
that Lord Psusrasrore on a recent occasion de-
graded the great power with which he was entrusted
into an instrument of bass oompliancee and in-
tolerable concessions, is the true ground of the
feeling which would regard his premature recall to
the highest office in the State as anything but •
matter of congratulation. Bat if it would be
on this ground undesirable to have Lord PAL-
=WON back again, the restoration of Lord ,
CLUMIDON would be ten-fold more objectionable.
Lord CLARRNDON, with all the more dangerous
Ministerial faults of his late chief, has few of his
redeeming qualities. The country his not forgotten
—the country is not likely to forget—the exhibition
made by Lord CLARENDON, in the House of Lords,
as the defender of the WALETIRKI manifesto. The
country has felt deeply humiliated by the facts, that
under Lord CLUILNDON'II administration two British
subjects were allowed to languish, from July to
February, in Neapolitan dungeons ; that no effective
attempts wen made to hasten their trial, or to miti-
gate their Imprisonment ; and that it was literally
not till the month of November had almost passed
away, that the British Foreign fieeretezy had been
able to extort from the insolent stubbornness of
M. CAISFA a permission for these untried and
lawlessly detained men to have an interview with
the British Consul.

The " Correspondence" shows how these things
were possible; the "Correspondence" will enable
the nation to form an accurate judgment how far
Lord CIARVIDON is fit to be again entrusted with
the charge of the Foreign Ministry of Great Britain.
It will not be necessary to drag our readers through
any length of wearisome detail ; a few of the more
salient points will mace. The general spiritism-
nese and waist of dignity betrayed in the whole course
of the transaction, can of course only be adequately
learnt by a oontinnoes perusal ; but an example
here and there will be enough, and more than
enough, to show how far Lord CLARENDON has
fallen beneath the dignity of hie position, and the
exigency of the 0001ai011.

I; two atlas earliest despatches from our Foreign_
office relating to the affair, time of tie 24th of
July and the 14th of Auguat (Noe. 9 and 11), that
very excellent and resolute °dicer, Mr. Bannius (our
Acting Consul at Naples). is directed to afford WATT
and EOM protection, with a view to securing their
proper treatment. In both these communications—

fa tile first, explicitly; in the second, by reference to
a letter from PARK'S father which it enclosed—tin
ground is taken that both men were simply engineers
on hoard the Cagliari, that they were ignorant of the
objects for which the vessel was need, and had taken
no part in the proceediogs that bad led to her
seizure. This is important. From this it appears
that Lord CIA/temoos from the first formed no
other view of the case than that which all subse-
quent inquiry tended to our obonte and confirm—
that these two prisoners were innocent sad un-
offending men. Let us use what he did for
them. By a despatch from Mr. BARBA!, re-
ceived as the 19th of August (No. 13), Lord
CLAZIMDON was informed of the refusal by
Caw of the Consul's two d--ands—that
the noon's clothes should be met to them from the
skip, sod that they might be allowed an interview.
Ls some bs is simply told (No. 16, August 211) to
go to Sakes* and watch the proceedings at the
trial; the Buns ground being ..in takes up, " that

" there is no reason to doubt that they (WArr and
" PARK) were merely engaged to act as engineers,
" and that they had no knowledge of the intention
" of certain individuals who were on board that
" vessel." And yet no notice is taken of the insolent
refusal to allow these prisoners—supposed to be, as
they were, without offence—to have an interview
with their Consul, or of the barbarous refusal to
allow a change of clothing. The day after this (on
the 26th of August) inquiries are, properly enough,
sent to Mr. YATILa. Secant the late Consul at Genoa,
to ascertain whether Warr and Palm bad been
some time in the service of the Steamboat Company,
or had only been engaged on the trip (No. 16). The
answer is (No. 20) that both men had been for more
than two years in the Company's service, and had
borne the very highest character.
Meanwhile, au important episode in the narrative
had occurred in Sardinia. That Government, on the
31st of July, bad demanded that the clothes and
effects of the Sardinian crew should be given up to
them. The reply was a refusal from M. CARAPAr
of the 6th August, couched in terms so insolent that
the Sardinian Government, with prompt spirit, re-
turned it to its author. This treatment was attended
with the natural results. The offensive communica-
tion was withdrawn and apologised for, the clothes
were restored, and all the passengers on board the
Cagliari at the time of her capture were given up
to the Sardinian Government. Sir JAMES HUDSON

communicated these facts to the British Foreign-
office in a despatch (No. 18), received on the 25th of
August. About the same time information reached
them, as the fact was, that WATT'S health was
seriously, if not dangerously, impaired by his im-
prisonment.
Acting under these combined influences, Lard
CLARINDON goes so far as to direct Mr. Hammon];
in his despatch of the Bth of September, to instruct
Mr. Batumi "to obtain permission to ems him
(WATT) immediately, and also to express the
a, Ups ( ) of Her MAJESTY'S Government that WATT
" and PARK may be treated in the same manner as
" the passengers of the Cagliari have been, and be
" set at liberty, u it is manifest that the engineers
" on board could have had no knowledge of the
" parties who took possession of the vessel when
"at see." Is that language befitting an English
Minister P Lord CLARENDON knows that the 'vessel
was seized by insurgents ; he knows that WATT and
PARK IMO her regular engineers—men of the
highest character; he feels oor.fident that they
could have had no guilty knowledge of the designs
of thou who seised the vessel, and, therefore,
he instructs a British Consul to sue with bated
breath for permission to see one of these unrighte-
ously imprisoned men, whose health is giving way
ander his confinement. The request was, of course,
refused : in a despatch received the 29th of Septem-
ber, Mr. BARBAR relates the refusal; and as to the
probable commencement of the trials, states that he

Can obtain nothing more from M. CARATA than the
indefinite assurance that they will take place before
very long (in qusai gionsi). This intelligence has
the effect of bringing Lord CLutut4DON in person
upon the field of controversy. The position was no
doubt such as imperatively to call for superior inter-
vention ; but in what shape and with wbat lan-
guage? When a god descewlc 7..p0n the scene, the
least he can do is to speak in godlike accents; he is
not there to whisper in the bated breath of humble-
ness, or to complain in the shrill treble of senility.
We do not hesitate to say that, considering the Go-
vernment he represented and the cause he was advo-
cating, it is impossible to conceive anything more
miserable and paltry than Lord CLARENDON'S de-
'patch of Oct. Bth (No. 24). Instead of insisting on
the instant liberation of these men, his lordship
informs Mr. BARBAR that "as these persons are
"stated to have been actually employed on board the
" Cagliari, while that vessel was engaged in landing
" a revolutionary party on the Neapolitan coasts,
" her MAJRBTT'S Government do not claim to with-
" draw them from the fair operation of the Neapo-
litan law." Instead of insisting on an immediate
permission for an interview with their Consul, his
lordship makes the right to demand an interview
dependent on the contingency of there being " any
" positive and publicly known regulation which pre-
" eludes prisoners oonfined before trial on such a
" charge u that brought against these men from
" communicating with their Consul." Godlike
accents these indeed : the true language of a British
Minister when engaged in the protection of foully
wronged British citizens. The conception of * roar-
" ing as gently as a sucking dove" belongs to
Bitaserr.sas ; the prerogative of talking "amiable
" thunder" belongs CO CLARENDON.

We are really almost ashamed to follow step by step
the ignominious narrative. Warr goes frantic and
attempts to commit suicide. Banta& relates the fact
(No. 26), states further instances of peremptory and
positive refusal of an interview, and intimates that the
commencement of the trial is as doubtful as ever.
PARK, the father, follows this by a letter of ago-
nising entreaty (No. 27), earnestly imploring Lord
CLARENDON that something should be done.
Then the god appears again. On the 29th
of October (No. 29), Lord CLARENDON writes
to Mr. BARBAR in these terms —" I hays
" further to instruct you, if you are allowed to see
PARK and WATT in compliance with the demand
" you hays been ordered to make, to proceed to
" Salerno, and to ask them most particularly about
" the treatment they have received, and whether
" they tare in say way been tortured or sisejoetod to
" bodily pain or pureeing, and to tell thaw that the
" Government has its eye upon them, and teal gad
rare that no injustice is done them." We have
heard of virtue in an "if ;" but we never knew be-
fore its full capacity for banner. This is about the
meanest " if," we think, recorded in history. But the
whole letter is inexpressibly base. What! A British
Minister can quietly cause inquiries to be made whe-
ther two British subjects, whom he knows to be re-
spectable, whom he firmly believes to be absolutely
void of all offence, have been subjected to torture in
the course of their unjust captivity. He can mock these
poor men by instructing his agent to tell them " that
" Government has its eye on them," though for nearly
four months at that very time the "eye of Govern-
" meet," as that agent has repeatedly informed him,
" has never been allowed to penetrate into their
" dungeon." He can instruct a British Consul to
assure British citizens that the British Govern-
ment "will take care that no injustice is done them ;"
and this in the same breath in which he directs them
to be asked whether they have not been subject to
bodily torture in their unwarrantable captivity.
Is imprisonment without cause and ageing
right no injustice? Is torture while undergoing
such imprisonment no injustice? And yet can a
British Minister have the face to tell two English-
men whom he knows to have been wrongfully im-
prisoned, and suspects of having been tortured, that
their Government will take care that no injustice is
done them ? Surely it cannot be necessary to go
terther. Surely, unless the ancient pride and spirit
of Baglishroun is clean gone !be ever, we have said
anasch, and more than enough, to show that Lard
Ctrannzxim can never again be allowed to repro-
nut, am Foreign Minister of this country, the Ma-
, jestr of England in presence of the nations of
Earops.