The Express.
London, England, 1860-10-22 00:00:00

EUOILWAMIIt AT IDIfVOF IIRLDOL

TEN DATl—Wieski, IL fir. 7"iftenies7 fit. 31a.
To4toaaoir—Mondes, 111. 411m.....Atiersocs, 9h. 44m

LONDON, MONDAY, OLT. 22.

Wm the Panrcsemoscriskisupthiapapers this
massing he will haws as opportunity of observing
that every known tom of government is " on its
"trial." What pert of the new or old world is not
now a scene of political transformation f In Austria
absolutism is condemned and renounced by the
Kaiser. In Naples the armies of a national King
are gaining victories over those of a monarch who
has ruled infamously by divine right. From the
United States a popular act is announced, which, in-
volving high constitutional principles and signify-
ing the reversal and ruin of a domestic policy that
has triumphed for forty years, threatens to shake
the republic to its centre. Each of these simul-
taneous events marks a crisis, and deserves the
most deliberate attention. For the present we
must notice them briefly and together.
The changes announced in our telegram from
Vienna are equivalent to the proclamation of a
Constitution. The representation of all classes of
the country in the legislature, and also in the
administration, is to be established as a principle.
Henceforth no new laws are to be made without
the cooperation of Diets of Provinces, and of the
Crest Council of the Empire. The latter assembly
is to be increased by 100 members, who will be
elected by the Provincial Diets. Taxes are to be
imposed, loans effected, and financial affairs in
general are to be managed only with the assent of
the Great Council. A further decentralization is

effected by the suppression of three Ministries,
those of the Interior, of Religion, and of Justice.
It is with respect to Hungary, however, that the
most striking changes are made. Her position is
recognised as altogether exceptional, and all kinds
of special provisions are made for her. Every other
paragraph in the telegram strikes at Prince SCTIWAR.
Z ENBIRG.N favourite theory of a united Austria. She
will have her own Chancery, a distinguished Hun-
garian, one of the leaders of the recent Protes-
tant remonstrance to Vienna, being appointed

first Chancellor ; her own King. the BM PEROR
consenting to go to Peeth to be crowned in that cha-
racter with the crown of Sr. Srentrn; her own
Diet, and her own Viceroyalty. In fine, with the
exception of taxation and the army, and one or
two other matters of no greater consequence, the
Government of Hungary is to be national. Hun-
pry is to have all sorts of privileges, short of
the means to guard them. How are we to
judge of these great reforms I There an two ways.
The first that occurs, and the most agreeable, is to
believe that the Kiirlitoz and his advisers having
seen the error of the system so long persevered a,
have resolutely determined to found the Go-
vernment of the Empire on the principles of a
moderate and secure freedom. Many will
thus judge. The other way is, to ask
of history the antecedents of the parties
who now claim credit in Europe for their
honest intentions. We fear that the slightest in-
quiry will prove fatal to that claim. Fassete-
J, earn has been before Europe about twelve years,
and this is not the first constitution he has pro-
mulgated with every circumstance of solemnity. On
the 4th of March, 1849, he issued an Imperial
Decree, the language of which describes evils
which seem inveterate in the Empire :—" The
" present condition of our Fatherland," he said,
" tills our heart with sadness. Poverty menses@
" our once prosperous land. Civil war devastates
" • portion of our kingdom of Hungary, and in
" another country belonging to the Crown
" (Lombardo-Venetia) warfare still prevents
" the introduction of a regular state of
" affairs." Let us notice by the way, for it is
important, that while such was confessedly the
state of the Austrian Empire the EIMIZOIL was
carrying out his policy of intervention in the in-
dependent States of Italy with a high hand. At
that very time RAYNAU was ravaging Ferrara. It
was the policy of the Government to profess to
draw near the people, and there was not a blessing
that it did not promise. The EMPLILOS de-
clared with his own hand that the budget
should be " economical, alleviative, and public ;"
and it has been crushing, lavish, secret,
fraudulent. Full religious liberty was gua-
ranteed both to individuals and to commu-
nities ; the Concordat and the suppression of Pro-
testaut synods in Hungary are the commentary on
that promise. A dist of the empire and diets of
provinces were decreed. The Constitution wax
declared the "bulwark of liberty," the army
was to be sworn to it, and the regeneration of the
Empire was announced as imminent. We know
what happened. The Constitution did not become
a source of right to a single individual, no diets
were assembled, the Minium governed by decrees
—innovated, suppressed, imprisoned as ho pleased
and at the end of little more than
two years the Constitution was formally
abrogated. One effect of the revolution,
the abolition of serfdom, remained ; it was impos-
sible to restore that, and the ILwrasim is now good
enough to say that he will not attempt it. Have
these facia no beariug on what is happening now t
It is notorious that the ItYPEROR is longing to re-
new his former raids south of the Po. BENEDEK,
his beet general, has not been sent to Venetia be-
cause that province is urgently in need of a de-
fender. An attempt must, therefore, be made
to gain the confidence which bears fruit at hems
in taxes and abroad in alliances and loans. If
this paper constitution proves anything more than
an excuse to get money and soldiers voted by the
Reichanith we shall be among the first to congra-
tulate Austria on the result.

The menace of Austrian intervention, supported
by the movement of Imperial troops, does not stay

the march

day be

rations
corps at
tams,

Rion Oovernmont

task of

The stairs

in order.

Num, and

Intelligent Americans often express surprise
that Englishmen, who can Sad something to in-
leneskthem in the affairs even of Servians and Monte-
negrin' s, do not devote more attention to the course
lof politics in the United States. It is strange
that the obvious reason escapes their sagacity. We
follow the fortunes of continental liberty because
they are so hazardous and precarious, but we have
no anxiety for those of our own race. We know
that they who inherit our traditions and share
language, literature, and religion with us, will
some out right from every domestic struggle. From
Naze to time we have reported and elucidated the
=of the great contest now taking place in the
States between the party which wants to
force the institution of slavery upon the entire
American Union and that other which strives to put
a hedge about it, and restrict it to the Slave States,
preserving the "territories," the future States of
the Republic, sacred to freedom. For weeks past
expectation has been strained towards Pennsylva-
nia, a State which now holds the balance of the
Union. The Pennsylvanian State Election, the
result of which shows how the same electors will
vote at the Presidential Election, has just come off.
The candidate of the Republican party—the party
that, while respecting the right of the Slave States
to guard their peculiar institution within their
own limits, refuses to let them carry it into the
territories—has triumphed in Pennsylvania. The
Democratic party expected to lose Ohio and In-
diana, but hoped to have Pennsylvania. It is a
great blow for them, and will paralyse their efforts
is New York. Since 1820 the Democratic party
has had the upper hand in federal affairs. The
tide has turned. The slave-owner bears a coin,
" Hitherto shalt thou come, and no further."

KING VICTOR

CHIETI, Ocr. 18.

His Majesty arrived here at 3 in the afternoon.
He was received in great pomp by the archbishop
of the diocese, who, with all the clergy, regular and
secular, awaited his arrival at the door of the ca-
thedral and pronounced the benediction. The fol-
lowing is the form of the blessing :—" Adeeto,
Domine, supplicationibus nostris et famulum tuum
Victorium-Emmanuelem, Italiee regem in salutis
two', etc."

The King is to create five marshal!, of whom
Garibaldi is to be one.

TWIN, Ocr. 21.
King Victor Emmanuel Las arrived at Winona

NAPLES.
(Isom ova ovnr opium

NAPLES, StrtmAY.

Garibaldi has declared officially that he will lay
down his Dictatorahip on the arrival of Victor
Emmanuel.

TURIN. SUNDAY EVENING.

A despatch from Naples announces that the vote
on the question of annexation commenced there at
7 o'clock this morning, and continued amid much
enthusiasm. A large concourse of citizens and
clergy were assembled at the voting places.
General Cialdini bas captured a portion of the
enemy's artillery.

Comma.)
NAPLES, Orr. 20.

The bead of General Cialdini's column has en-
countered and beaten a corps of Neapolitan troops
at laernia. A General, 50 officiate, 800 soldiers, and
a flag remain in onr hands.

GAETA, Ocr. 13 (vii lLuseillea).

The Protie has arrived with 360 soldiers. She
will bring 500 soldiers of the garrison of Baiae.
Provisions are beginning to fail at Gaeta.

ROME.

ROM Oct. 16.
The Piedmonteee troops are encamped at Rieti,
ten leagues from Rome.

It is sasertsd that the enlistments for the Ponti-
&sal army have ceased, and that General Lamori-
dere will positively return to France.

SARDINIA.

TURIN, Ocr. 21.

The battalions of the National Guard have en-
thusiastically received the invitation of the govern-
ment to prolong their service in Alessandria and
Pavia.

i land-
being

ctungaria n o take
Pines with the lend possible delay, on which occa-
sion the iningeration of the diploma, and the
coronation°, the Emperor, as King of Hungary, are
to take plan.
The tion of justice is to be carried on
in the prescribed manner, and on the basis of the
civil and penal codes, until they are legally
changed.
The Royal Curia in Pesth, and the Stadtholder-
ship in Buda, are to be re-established.
As regards the claims of Hungary and the Ser-
lien subjects of Austria for public rights, an im-
perial commissioner is to be appointed to receive
Communications from the most influential persons
representing the different classes. The decision of
the lkiperor is reserved until the presentation of
the commissioner's report.
Similar constitutional institutions are to be
'pentad to Transylvania. The relations of Hun-
pry with Croatia are to be settled by a joint repre-
sentation of those provinces.
The official Wiener Zritieng also publishes de-
crees to the following effect :
Counts Thun, Nadaedy, and Thiery quit the
ministry.
(lepers' Degenfuld is provisionally appointed
Minister of War.

Count Simon is appointed Minister without
portfolio ; Baron Meesery, Minister of Police ;
Chief of the Sections M. Laeser,Minister, and ad in-
terim Chief of the Miniatry of Justioe.
Baron Nickolaua Vay is appointed First Chan-
cellor of the Hungarian Court of Chancery ; and the
Councillor of the Emperor, M. Szagyenye, Second
Chancellor.
General Benedek is appointed Commander-in-
Chief of the army in Italy ; and General Count
Mensdorf Commander of the Servian Woiwodina.

THE UNITED STATES.
QUEENEMYWN, SMOLT.
The Royal Mail steamship Europa arrived hero
at 4 p.m., embarked mails, and proceeded for
Halifax and Boston at b. 5 p.m.

THE CALCIITTA, CHINA, AND AIISTRA-

SOIITHiIiTTON, Oct 2.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam-
ship Ripon, Captain Christian, with the heavy portion of
the above mails, has arrived. She briop 65 passengers,
6 packages of specie value 11,0001., also the following
cargo :-300 packages of dates, 112 barrels of grapes, 4
packages of elephant's teeth, 125 packages of sundries, and
6241 base of raw silk sane 680,0004 sterling.

The Ripon sailed from Alszsaadris on the l7th ; Malta, 12 ;
and Gibraltar, the 16th inst. On the 19th, off Cape En/a-
tone, she spoke the schooner Tees steering to the south-
ward; 20th, at 2 p.m., passed the Tagus with outward Pe-
ninsular mails, steering to the southward ; and on the 21st,
at 8 a.m., pond the steemehip Ceylon with the outward
Calcutta and Australian mails steering the same coons.
Her Majesty's gunboat Assaraisoe, Dutch corvette Hel-
din, frigate Pollard, Russian frigate lilies Annronact, and
the Egyptian fleet were at Alexandria. Her Majesty's
ships Queen, James Watt, St. Jean d'Acre, Argus, and
gunboat Mohawk, were at Malt► At Gibraltar—Her
Majesty's gun-boat Quail, and the yacht Mange to sail for
Naples.
Her Majesty's screw ship Mars, 80 gum, Capt. Strange,
from Plymouth, left Gibraltar on the 13th to join the
squadron of Admiral Martin in the Mediterranean.
The sanctioe of the Queen of Spain has been granted to
coec.ruct a port of safety at Algeciras. The governmem
has allotted upwards of 11 millions ra. vn. for the expenee
of the laded/Msg. . . .

Quiesslsa balk and the royal party visited the principal
theatre at Semmes on the 11th. On her Majesty retiring,
1,080 students with lighted torchee formed a double line
to the poises, and remained till daylight serenading the
to* PAY.
' The Fenian Ambassador, during his stay at Gibraltar,
visited the ruck galleries, and the steamer Himalaya, lying
in the harbour. He embarked on board under a salute d
guns from the fortress, for England, on the 11th.
The following British ships had arrived out at Gibral-
tar s—The steamer Fairy guess, from Itaniegate, in tea
days; her Majesty's steam ship Supply, five days
from Plymouth ; the steamer Pero, four days eight home
from fionthamptee ; the hriesaties Mary Sprout, fourteen
days from 1111111111116 the 1111/0/01//t Starling, nineteen days,
from Leaden ; the schooner Nancy, twenty dep., from
Liverpool ; the summer Cadiz, seven days, from Leaden ;
the steamer Oahe, seven days and a half, from livapool ;
the brieseliee Maria Teresa, thirty days, from Liverpool;
the brig Ohotes, twenty-two dam, from Liverpool ; the
brig Sally, twenty•tlums days, heat Cardiff ; the steamer
Capiolani, tem days, from Newhaven; the brig Charlotte,
fifteen days, from Carrel; • the eimonsr Margaret Jane,
nineteen days, frees Cardiff' end the steamer Mavrocor.
data, eightlia's and a hell, tram LiverpouL
Gibraltar exebitActeere lasted ea the lAth—London,
90 days' date, te 80j; Pm* Mr. 39e. ; Marseilles,
Mr. 33e. ; Genoa, . 3210. ; Madrid. 8 days' sight, par •
Cid* par ; Maio, fpm. ; Seville, j dis. ; Aboaneer,
I Offsets, par ; Suasion, g pm. • Bram&
dollars, Ferdinand, 3 cast. pen,, no 'issesad ; las,
13 per cent. ditto, in deend. Fresights_ to London and
outporta in the United Ikagissa, Brasil and River Plate,
11 Gulf of Maiden and Havassals, 12 dale. per ton and 10 per
mat.

, Veit
‘*TLIIR. BIERBMII3, MONDAY -i , ,:1 G 1^ A , 0314 Z
1
' Ili i lib as. •
arch of Vicroa --. I nai..o i' Satur- ."- TEST I' T LLI tr IV - , peemitation of the .vi . , I
had advent.* adi , at fiulanklatietown • . ion% .: .up according to t . .ripeipl ' and
kbrutsoi thiltY-folir riles enedii-emet . /LITTER' . * ----er
?„, a, • • vocation, as soon an :••'e, of pro-
FROM TH .......... 'TO THE '"tili diet," is ordered. . . ' .
. General CIALDINI had cored ope- The constitutional institutions of Hunghry are to
against the Boil/anon army bp attacking a EMPEROR NAPOLEON. be inestabliahed. The Ruagarian language is to
at henna, taking prisoners a general, fifty Pent, MONDAT NOWSING. be introduced u the official language in judicial,
, and eight hundred soldiers. The Sardi- The Constitution/44 says :—." At the moment politicaL and administrative proceedings. The
rivernment does right in asuming openly the when the interview at Warsaw gives rise to all university of Peath is to be reopened.
reducing the resistance of FRANCIS IL kinds of comments, it will be learnt with interest The abolition of the personal service due to land-
lairs of the kingdom cannot be too soon put that the Emperor bas received an autograph letter lords, and of the privilege of noblemen of beingr.
T. The nation is voting for Vievos EMMA- from the Osar. We believe we are correct in stet- exgrmeesZt3stin!li ereitrceee: of the country in
and GARIBALDI is waiting to place the go- hg that this letter explains the interview at War- the lture and the administration is to be
nit in his bands, saw in such a manner as to deprive it of any signi- established ea a principle.
LirlD'ent A MATiPILII• nfison nynriass surmise &Alm hostile to France." The convocation of the Hungarian diet is to take
.