The Express.
London, England, 1860-07-10 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, JULY 10, 1860.

eve ervreso•

aloestbeeeists Intended for "it; 6 it i;" !MOOD Venthi
P. sad be at the Moe, 10, verle-etteet, by Two
e Sett as the day al pablleteks.

MATRIARENT.
TEN Imam THE OVERLAND EARTH Yeeen CLlppam-
dale. Sockstoes, rod C. Mathews ; C. Mathews.—
YITZSM YTaI O IITIIMITTM2 HALL Mr. Backdate : Mrs.
Wilkins. —Aril 21110DDITIZS Or 112 01110. The Leder:op.

ramozoin.
TEN Evvoia's, RECHILIIIII. Mara }help., v. llnhlnaam, 0.
nem Garden, and Graham : Mean Wadh■m, Kass,
Laciara% and Hest.—And BOWUD OCT. Mr.ll Wlddtcontb ;
Mr C. Leclardy.

IMIT.UFNIA.

Two Symms, OLD BOOTT, iffelAK IR OE BISHOPSGATZ.
—lbe great IMACIOINT will give W renowned ENTERTAIN-
MINT -VARLET. SIN VULTURE.—And BRUTIIRR BRUIN
AND NROTICIA ULLA.

HIGH WATZII AT LONDON EILIDGI.
Tail DAT —Nerdy" OA . Afterscas, 111.11 m
To-roaltow—Nerdy, Th. Via

LONDON, TUESDAY, JULY 10.

EvEnrruirci, even the weather, seems to Mae
on the Volunteers. We have had the Grand Re-
view, and the Grand Shooting Match, a day of
splendid marzhing in the park, and a week of
steady firing at the butts, and these successful dis-
plays have unquestionably given a strong stimulus
to the movement. But to ensure its permanent
success something more is needed than scenes of
momentary excitement and fits of temporary enthu-
siasm. It requires the guidance and support of
sound convictions and enlightened opinion.
A just estimate of its true character,
the full recognition of its real scope and purpose,
and a generous sympathy amongst all classes with
its larger aims, are essential to its vigorous de-
velopment and ultimate success. For the real
usefulness and lasting value of the movement de-
pend on the fact that it is thoroughly national—na-
tional in its origin, its character, and its aim.
The offspring of a patriotic impulse, it appeals
to the whole people, and is undertaken
for the moat patriotic of all objects—the defence
of the country. The movement is thus precluded
by its very nature from having any lower, any
party or sectarian objects. It is a voluntary ser-
vice, and men will offer their time and means and
strength to defend only what they value in common.
The possessions which all Englishmen enjoy, which
they prize alike, and unite heart and hand to
defend, are home and freedom ; and these fine re-
gimeata of trained men that the mere suspicion of
danger has summoned from the desk, the warehouse,
and the Exchange, express the determined attach-
ment of freemen to the blessings they enjoy in
common—the land of their birth and the institu-
tions under which they live.

But in order to realise its true character and
attain its full proportions it is perfectly obvious
that the Volunteer force must be recruited from
all ranks of the people. It must be national not
only in its origin and aim, but in its com-
position too. Every encouragement must
be given not only to the middle but
to the working classes to take their
part in this great national work. Hitherto
the recruits from this class have been compara-
tively few. The Volunteers belong for the most
part to a single clam, and this is felt and deplored
by the most earnest friends of the movement as
one of its most serious defects. We have more
than once called attention to this weak point, and
offered some suggestions with a view to its re-
moval. An influential weekly contemporary, not
remarkable for its popular sympathies, also referred
a few days since to the fact of the working classes
being practically very much excluded from the
movement as an " enormous evil," which ought to
be corrected without delay. It is quite clear, indeed,
that the movement can never attain its proper
proportions, or become truly national, unless the
working classes take part in it. Looking at the
material side, it is only amongst them that men can
be obtained in sufficient numbers to constitute the
force we require. The quantity of material is not
only practically inexhaustible, but the quality is
excellent. The hotter class of artisans
will make admirable riflemen. Their senses
are quick, their temper patient, and they
are trained to endure fatigue. Most handi•
crafts involve an education of the hand end
eye which few professions give, and with a little
training and practice our skilled artisans would
march well, move easily, and prove capital shots.
The moral effect of their taking part in such a

movement cannot be over-rated. It would dC
more to promote cordial feeling and a really good
understanding between different chums throughout
the country than any social machinery that could
possibly be devised for this purpose. To be united
by a generous impulse in the pursuit of • com-
mon object is the true secret of union between
those who may be divided by social position.
Again, nothing could more directly tend to rouse
the profound but often dumb patriotism of the
people. The desire to take part in such a
movement is in itself a good sign, which ought to
be encouraged in every way. And this desire
we know prevails to a considerable extent
amongst many classes of workmen and artisans.
Already a number of companies have been
formed in many provincial manufacturing towns, at
the docks, and elsewhere in the city, mainly from
these classes. The chief difficulty in the way of
their taking part in the movement is of course the
expense. But in many instances the men have made
great and most praiseworthy sacrifices to remove
this obstacle, and have succeeded without any
help from voluntary contributions. Many have
accumulated a fund by weekly deposits for the pur-
chase of their uniform, and have met the whole
of the incidental expenses in this way. Men who
out of their hard earnings will make these sacri-
fices for a national object, are the best possible
defence any country 000 kl possess--batter and
I more effective a thousand times over than costly

forts and fortifications. They are prepared to'
come forward in large numbers, and pnlyaequire
a little public encouragement and ~SO treat.
saint hi order to double, and more tkali‘imble,
the present number of Volunteers.
%%it kind of seouragirpott*lskat kind of treat-
mint, however, do they receive. from some at least
of those who ought to be the first to welcome and
eaglet their patriotic desire to serve their country I
Let Lord HLIDWICTUI, a Tory peer of some mark,
' and a member of the late Dinar Government,
reply. Referring to the Volunteer movement, at
a public dinner, last week, he said :—" Applies-
" tiorui had been made to him, as Lord Lieutenant
" of Cambridgeshire, to allow an organisation of
" the humbler classes of society, but he had
" peremptorily refused ; and he should continue to
" do so, because he held that that most intelligent,
"useful, respectable, and important body of men
" had duties of another kind to perform. If
" they wished to carry a musket, or enter pay
" military volunteer forte, the militia re-
" giments of the country were short of some-
" thing like 50,000 men, and were ready to re-
" ceive these most worthy candidates for military
" service. He also thought there was a great
" difference between arming men of property and
" men of none. He said not one single word in
" regard to the character of the working ceases ;
" on the contrary, he held it in the highest vane-
" ration—but if a weapon were give% to a saw
" Who had no property—whether it were a civil
" weapon or a military one—his natural tendency
" would be to acquire a property which' he had
" not got." At a moment when all classes
are earnestly invited to take pact in the great
national movement, when they are desirous of so
uniting, and every sincere patriot is doinghis utmost
to encourage their patriotic purpose, this Tory Peer
comes forward and deals the largest class a brutal
blow like that. They intimate that they are
ready as Englishmen to take part in the national
movement, and devote their time and strength
and slender means to the great work ; and his
lordship, in reply, not only " peremptorily refuses"
to accept their services, but insults them in the
grossest manner. He intimates plainly that they
are at best no better than thieves and plunderers,
having the will and only wanting the power to rob
and spoil their neighbours. If a weapon were put
into their hands they would proceed at once to
acquire the property they had not got. The mis-
chievous tendency, the criminality of such lan-
guage is only exceeded by its wanton and suicidal
folly—the miserable folly of imagining that the
only motive which withholds the working classes
of this country from a general attack on the wealthy
is want of wins, and the still more suicidal stupi-
dity of saying so. Does Lord HARDWICIE or any
other peer need to be told that the welfare and
safety of this country depend absolutely on
the character of the great body of the
people about which the noble lord " will
" not say one word," except that he would not
tang them for a moment, and believes them as
• body to be simply burglars without their tools f
The tone of weak and insolent patronage in which
these insults are conveyed makes them all the more
nauseous and repulsive. He holds " that most
" intelligent, useful, respectable, and important
" body of men," as he says, "in the highest
" veneration," but he positively refuses to allow
them the use of a rifle because, being poor and
therefore vicious, they would be sure to use it
against the rich.

- The mischief which such language tends directly
to produoe is sufficiently obvious. Extremes
meet, and Lord Hammes' unites with the lowest
demagogues in doing his utmost to set class
against class. Those who wish to inflame the
lower classes against their superiors tell them that
the upper classes hate and mistrust them, and will
withhold all power from them lest it should be
abused. Lord Ilminwicint says the same.
The lowest demagogues assert that the rich
have property which the poor ought to share.
Lord Ilaanwicits makes exactly the same sug-
gestion, for men confident of their rights do not
indulge in such injurious suspicions. It is a
public duty to expose such statements and hold
them up to general reprobation. We will not do
the late Government or the Tory party as a body
the injustice of supposing that Lord HARDWICKZ
represented them in his speech ; but that a man
in his position should have ventured on such lan-
guage shows the sentiments which many of them
really entertain towards the working classes they
affect to patronise but conspire to crush. After
dinner and over their wine the nick of the Tory
party still think and speak, as in their provincial
circles they still act, as they thought and spoke
and acted half a century ago.

DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE ON THE
AFFAIRS OF ITALY, SAVOY, AND SWIT-
ZERLAND.

Another Blue-book on this subject, being nomi-
nally the sixth part of the published correspondence
on Italian affairs, has been issued. It embraces
the period from March 12 to June 25 of the present
year, and includes 171 letters to and from our
ministers at St. Petersburg, Vienna, Paris, Berlin,
Turin, and Berne. The principal subject of the
correspondence is the annexation of Savoy to
France, the situation of Switzerland as affected
thereby, and the means for maintaining under new
circumstances the neutrality of that Republic, gua-
ranteed by the ninety-second article of the Treaty
of Vienna.

On the 15th of May Loral John Russell defined
the position which her Majesty's Government
would take. The following is the prinCipaTportion
of his despatch :
It appears to her Majesty's government that if France
and Sardinia wore desirous of making a treaty by which the
sovereignty of Savoy should be transferred to France, it
wee the duty of Sardinia to confer with the power) who
signed the treaty of Vienna before completing the minim
of territory of which she was not merely the sovereign but
of which she held the deposit for of Swiss Me.
penitence and European security. Vappeared to her
Majesty's government that if this was not done by Sar-
dinia, it ought to have been done by France before French
troops should occupy Savoy. But neither of these were
done, it seemed clear to her Majesty's government that
the defect could only be cured by the offer, on the
part of France, of such ample guarautees as should be an
efficient substitute for the security which the provisions of
art. :co. of the treaty of Vienna gave to Switzerland, in
consequenceof Savoy forming part of the dominions of the
King of Sanlinia. Her Majesty's government are of opi-
nion that an undertAing by France to fulfil in time of
war the obligations d llsrdieia in respect to the neutralised
parts of Savoy, forms no such efficient substitute. Her Ma-
jesty's government are likewise of opinion that the arrange-
ments hitherto suggested by the government of Franca
form so such efficient substitute. Her Majesty's govern-
ment do not see any other efficient substitute which
could be found, but one which, giving a military
frontier to Switserlend, should comprise the southern
shores of the Lake of Geneva, anti the Alpine Passes to
the Valais. To such a cession the French goy „fnment have
declared they will not consent. The argument upon which
this refer! us founded is the vote of the people of Fate
espy, Chabbils, and the Geaevois. But the mode in which
this vote was taken deprives it, I. the eyes of her Majesty's
government, of all authority. Had the population been
asked whether they would remain under the House of
Ha ,voy or prefer to become subjects of the Emperor of the
French, the answer might have been doubtful. Eat when
the Ling of amslinis lad already absolved them from their
&Hangout*, discarded them as his subjects, and ceded
them by treaty, the only question which remained
was between France sod anarchy. No alternative
was offered, and no real choice could take place.
Her Majesty a government omit all argument es to the pro•

. , .„..
4-- - - vote by universal suffrage for the purpose of
a treaty. It is the first instance of such a pre-
and the circumstances have tot been:mai ea to
• lion of it. The queekinutemainat what Is
to ? • Majestay's governitt ire not 4lf
opinion
Mitt tsar even ' she had t
%
would hove
the right to the occupation of the n partsitt
&roil:4l4ls reach civil and nailing,. ellthoriliga
heir s government must dedise to takei Asp
whi may confer any additional validity on treaty
of Turin of the 24th of March. In their opini that
treatl weakens Switzerland, and diminishes one of the
see or Europe for the maintenance of Swiss neutrality.
If a esulerenos of the European powers is summoned, your
i Excebehey will attend it on the part of Greet Britain. But
in the tuderenoe your Easelleaey will hold no other lan-
ea that which is contained iii this end my former
If the conference should not be convoked.
1 her Mojeet'y's government will instruct you further ; and.
lit Slot ease you will inform me of the reasons for which
Or government of France declines to summon a meeting of
the Great Powers, which the Federal Council of Switzer•
laud has so constantly demanded. You will, of course,
hilly understand that nothing is changed in that part of
tie treaty of Vienna which binds the powers who were
puttee to it to maintain the neutrality of Switzerland.
- -

The last despatch, dated June 25, is by Lord
John Russell, and intimates the willingness of her
Majesty's Government to take part in a conference.