The Express.
London, England, 1860-09-28 00:00:00

' MANCH DOT ER I. NI ITV op I )1110 FELLOWS. —A tali
reeedss a the North London District took plate hat
evesimet at the Lord Nelson, riements*.ion.pianage, *read.
le where the jug of a uew lodge by the district offioers
Ailir thewttal preliminaries, and the initiation of new
eembiee. how. G. Y. Rough formally missed the Loyal
vahmiiir Ledge, No. I.MJI of this under, awl faeidneeed
W leeeelled elleers a. to their duties. lie remarked that this
was the ritil lodge in the district the first having Wee
upshot 1'1,423 Anil lie trustee' • lees ....zner .4 wader'',
and proapelity would atiesd it, so that it might take equal
rsok with tits others. Ti.. 14118/140111 Lid asked that
the new lolge might be sated the ilardialifL hut the dm-
Irak ivoinottee, considering such • step might he mond...r-
t.. polatwallv leuadsd to attach a Dame
rebiltmi sloe Moutbera of the great Madera ustuatal Move-
Want.

THE N tn. o'f•L Mt/Dll, ScHIA)I.I IN Ilt ELAND.—
Ilr .1. F. slierailan, Head Inspector of the National mehaais
in In land, Ilan defend* the.. school. from the charge of
4aviti4 the religious faith of the children unprotected "In
the fir year* during which thews eichoola have tern in
openition there cannot have been much leas than 2,000
pupil, admitted to them. No parent, amanlian, or elelggyy
limn ever aieniplamed to us that any of the pupil* had
Im n unfairly dealt with CM religion. ground+, or that their
naii.il gaol relepost training hail been neglected or inauM•
;neatly attended to.'
Ti. 80VTIII lohgtHla6 CoLLIER.I AND THEIR
Farrtorress.-0e Tuerlac, a meeting of the euelnesaters'
Asesistioa was bell at the King's Head tun, Hensley ;
J. tleameart, Ea, ,is the chair. Mellen. Nowtos, Chai,,.
hers, sad Cu., were prtisilwl apes to gamma work ium.kr
tlis lodes, so that the Thurscliffe dissect it now at an
eel The wily ether colliery now est is that of Maws.
&with, thrr, and desith, and with "IV" to wh"4" It wa.
slated that Mews. Otaidal sod kkacher would tweet the
ortopire, Colonel Deily, us Theinthsy, awl IT whims dualities
it was esit.rtioote both aides would be bound. The matter
now mete with Colonel Day, sad we hope his occasion
Will L. maid...tory, to se to risen of work boss at taus
newel sod ..11 die edition simploeted. —Leede Miner.

ilia Mearatra Winged that as Viscount Eleington
was prevented from being premed at the Cower. the Ad-
dison on Saturday morning weak' be delivered by Mr. E.
`Chadwick, on "Public Health."
Sir JAVAN KAY fincrotewoara proceeded to deliver
Ha elaborate adders on the " °pretrial of Moral
and Physical Foram" He began by referring to the
address which he delivered lest year at the meshing of
the Association at Bradford, in whir he drew attention
I to the bars of • similarity of laws is the material
i history of the world, end in the growth of IMANITI civilise
tits. The stability of meting and of meaty were alike
• shown to he resister with perpetual change. This oblultis
waa for the most pert so gradual as to cause no disturbers,
to ,oder. In like manner the evolution of a primaeval &-
riga through long ages of development in the mixed morel
and material forces wee manifest in the history of civilise.
tion. The co-ordivation of moral and material fumes
•in the development of artistica was no other
thing than the reign of the supreme intelligence over
the mixed moral and physical restitution of man.
It was to the correlative of moral and physical forges in
questions of social soiree that he ventured to solicit
attention. The marvellous conjunction of the material
with the purely vital had • elate analogy to that com-
mixtureof the moral and physical in man and
fn • society, the laws of which it was the pecu-
liar function of this aredatios to expire ; fee
' I example pure economical science . was ereeraed may '
with the acreaulation sad ffirtributton of wealth. Yet
such was the co-ordination of moral and physical forces in
the constitution of society, that even economic logic, by
severely excluding moral considerations, encountered the
operation of higher laws than thee' regulating the aocurrin-
latiou of wealth—laws which demonstrate either that the
sourer. of wealth lie deep in the moral nature of man, or
that the result, wealth, may be purchased at • price ruinous
to indirelual happiness, and to the wellbeing of a state,
because inconsistent with moral laws. Sir James
to give illustrations of both these inter-
e.r7oces. He referred at some length to the marked MIN-
' once of civil and religious freedom on the growth of our
economic prosperity • and in reply to those economist, who
questioned the interest we hail in applying the national re-
venues so freely es was now done to the educatiou of the peo-
ple, he urged that it was impossible to diminish effectually
pauperism and crime without employing morel as well as
eanieruical or repressive forces for their extirpation. Im-
proved sanitary agencies did not expend their fore
timer in the prolongation of the mean duration
of do, nor in the worse of health and vigour in
the population—they reached even the motel nature
of man ; they were a pert of civilisation yrhieh
readeeed hint leas subject to debasing instincts,
him few the culture of his intelligence, and elevated
from brutish habits towards the transforming influence of
religion. It would, however, be a fatal error to rely on
sanitary agencies alone ; and be preceded to conaider next
the influence of education as a great moral force on aatinal
polity, and how it ought to be organised so as to he cords-
teat with civil and religious liberty. The first question
which arse was, whether education ought in all cases to be
regarded am • eared function of the parent, with which
nose were to interfere. Individual liberty wee so impor-
teat an element of„secial freedom that we, who, as • nation,
preferred before every other benefit of eivillatioa to be
• free, had the utmost jealousy of the invasion of that power
of separate action which, especially when it *fleeted
liberty of thought or speech, or obedience to conicienee,
became with is • parer. To protect the child fern
pareotal neglect had with us, therefore, been subor-
dinated to the personal freedom of the parent. He
believed that the experienee of the workmen in those
trades in which the hours of labour of women and chiklres
had been Bruited, sod the children from the age of eight to
that of thirties had been required to be sent to sched, had
not only mewed the operative. with a conviction of the
salutary operation of the law, but had even led to large
111111 Def of people working in them to regard iu • greater de-
gree thaa heretofore the legialative and the executive go-
s erunieut as a protective power, exercising • wise and bene-
ficent vigilance over their wellbeing. The extension of the
half-time system, or of some equivalent arrangement, to all
eructated bibour, with such niudifteations as might be fouled
indispensalde to meet the peculiarities of particular employ-
ments, appeared to him the first expedient by which our'
Bream weenier establishments could be adequately
supplied with the la of children, consistently with that
which was the most urgent aerial, commercial, and political
want—the creation of a literate, moral, and religiose winking-
dor Apart from the propelled (medicine which were in-
volved iu briaging all the moral turves, and amoog them the
highest—that of religious faith—to beer on the education of
our youth, the government had wisely determined to pre-
serve the roligieue constitution of our schools. Whenever
the religious minority could found and maintain • school, it
could, with aid frau the Committee of Council ea 'Aeration,
provide fur the education of the children of all perste con.
'metal with its ergregatioe. We were now ex in
Great &Baia at least two millions annually in the support
of elemereary schools. Tee annual local cur (without
accounting for the expense of training colleges, of inspection,
and of administration) for each elementary tiny scholar In
ea 'Moist marl in Great Britain in ItW was
11. 7.. lid-, or at the rate of Bid. per week for forty-
eight week.. in the year, for 748,164 scholars who,
on the average, were in the inspected purl aided
schools. Of this the parents paid weekly rather more
thee lid. The whole income of the inspected schools
aided by government in the year aiding December 31,
UM, was 1,014,682 f. la the schools which derived no
aid hunt government the proportions of the school
penes to the subscriptious probably extended those of
the sluisatery schools inspected and aided. If the
selimate were comet, the government paid 413,6731.
ananally, the middle class and upper claws by sab-
✓e:Brier and eudowinenta 641,6141., and the workiag
clears 7159,3041. mewls the heal support of elementary
day and evening schools. When 1,601,0061. was annually
derived from subscriptions, endowment'', and school
pear, sad el this sum 7f0,3941. was paid directly from
earingle of working men towards the support of schools,
any government which should, in a spirit of short-
wiped economy, determine to stint the application of
the public revalues to edumtieu, must be iudifferent to
the highest obligations. We ought estimate the pupate-
tiou of Great Britain at 22,000,000, and adopt the
prudent calculation that one in eight ought to be at school,
either fur full time, or for halftime, till the age of thirteen.
If front this eighth we deducted ao:ouu pauper children edu-
anal in workhouses, and • fourth part is belonging to those
classes of society capable and willing to provide fur the edu-
cation of their own children, the smallest number of children
fur whom we would have to secure en efficient elementary
education exceeded two 'Milieus. A meagre estimate for
educatiug this number would raise the minimum annual
I outlay to about 3,000,000 f. We then required at least
I,ooo,leffil. per &DOWD more than that which wus now or-
mated to be expended on public elementary educe-
tiou. The apathy of pareeta, which at present oared
the inspected and aided schools capable of holding 900,0UD
scholars to be attended by only 748,164, would give way to
one or two generatimis of careful training in day and night
schools—to the influence of the press, of literature, and
of religion. The school pence would thus rise from the
present average of lid. to • probable average of 24r1.
within • short period. The apathetic perishes were
to be regarded as may for a time below the level. He
tiuught they were temporarily to be met by a prod
arrangement Thor parishes might be defined
for the moat part by • linut of population and a limit of
school attendance in rural district*. In town districts
the definition might consist iu • certain proportion of
the amassment and parochial burdens to the population,
oriaruied by the special report of an inspector. To the
rural apathetic Frisbee provisional air.uagements might be
extended for seven years ; to the town districts for Ave.
During these periods schools might be held in certified
hired buildings, sal taught by probationiry muter* and
stipendiary monitor., without the fatal experiment of letting
dowu the conditious of the greets geiserally to the ia6r-
unties of than apathetic district,. if • training college
were established in which ladies desirous to devote them•selves to weeks of charity might IN raided to acquire the
' requiems technical knowledge and skill, lie had DO doubt
that the arta of essay rural parishes would be oujiplied by
the united labours of ouch ladies and the clergy. The sum
of intellect and of religion in army were the two
forme by which meters might be changed. He shown
how the moral forces were correlated to all others. The
mend forces ,orrelated with new modes of action constantly
tended to penetrate the whole structure of society.
When their transforming power was withered, es
in the history of civilisation, it might be believed that tabtransformation, though so ;radial in area • ephemeral bees
as almost to escape obeemstion, was still in per sanely
approaching in the ages that time which itasp4Hioa 4r
scribal as the era when all the kingdoms of the world should
become the kingdoms of the Lord and of hie Christ.
Meanwhile they might with reverence seek, as this rearea-
tam did, to understand these mixed fames, earl to make
theaseelves their intelligent servitors. eir Jams concluded
by saying that they a ere not the true friends either of
the state or of the people abe would teach the
tearer and sensual to grasp at power. No doWilliOlll
could last which was not is hermaiy with those
prism! moral e.reee which operated by rehires'
tad mind, by faith and knowledge, by utaongeta end
virtue, ea the happne se if tont end the strength of
Males. These were the force', which mast rule. n.y
had as irresistible power ; they subordinated ell the