The Express.
London, England, 1860-07-18 00:00:00

[T WOPENCE.

,lifriziranoysz, Su:

',KCAL CONGRESS.

! The sections aaeembled yesterday morning, tt
Somerset House and King's College.
JUDICIAL Bran/4710a.
This section was esided over by Lord BnOtlorittn. A
discussion on the subject of judiciil salaries occupied the
greater part of the morning. In the course of the debate
the question of qualification, manner of appoiatsent,
and nature of duties, were amvamed ; the genera "lit
showing that in moat foreign a:amines the itipendef *Meal
officers was exceedingly small, and in some were the judges
were elected by universal suffrage.
The principal resolution was that the Mali/tire relating to
the organnation of courts of juatio• should exhibit the number
of courts, with the area, nature, and limit of jariadic-
lion ; number of 'edges lather oaken, salaries, and
fees, source from winch paid number of days and hours of
sittings in each year, with 'other information relating to
population, taxatioa, trading, shipping, he., as ma best
show the relation of the means afforded for the administra-
tion of justice to die chlracter of different districts and
wants of the people. It wee likewiseaffirmed that the
statistics of junta &odd laded* the number and descrip-
tion of the jurera, the tuna the *ore were upon the ave-
rage employed, the number of Irbil by jury in civil and
criminal cams, distinguishing them, the remuneration of
jurors, the number of juron, the ease, in which trial by
and those in which it was optional, the
innisses was b
eas oli
is whisk verdict must bennaainions= Were
miloeijer trf woe pertain wo tire agar
umbarilzjefling uplifts& _
grod.
la the course of the diamunion the noble and learned
PIUMIDIMIr rernarluid that the term " judicial statistics "
signified the regular and mutant milord of the whole
particulars connected with the administration of the law in
all its branches ; its administration by all courts, civil and
criminal, local end general the state of the courts, as to
the judges and other office-bearers, and the whole proceed.
tap through every siege, together with every wake Goa-
earning the worlong of the law, though not having cone
withia the cognmanoe of any enthral ; in a word, the record
in a minute, and for the most part in a tabular, form of all
the facts connected with the question of our lees.
Without such information they issedd not exercise their
legislative functions safely, not to my effectively. Haw
could they know how a law worked unless they had all
the faota before them? It behoved than, therefore, to col-
lect statistics constantly with reference to the wog of
the laws. He had brought the subject more than once
before the House of Lords, but government was too apt to
be penny wise and pound foolish in such matters.
ItAWITAEr inktrimae.
This section was presided over by the End of Smarmi-
er. RT. An interesting diseemioa was taken upon the in-
fluence of locality in germinating particular diseases, and
showing the importance of obtain' statistical returns of
climate, area in proportion to po ation, area built over,
width of streets, paving and drai, size of houses, cubic
°entente of rooms, number of otirs, and other sanitary
influesces.
-

naming= WtATIIITICS.
Nines and mining operstiona were the subjects which oc-
cupied the attention of this section, the discussion being
nand by • paper on mineral produce and mining read by
Mr. Ilium, of the Mamas/ Journal.

COMMERCLIL trTATIRTICS.

Mr. NALSAIJ W. SEVIOR presided over this section, which
was ocaupisd in considering a paper by Mr. Newmareh on
the statistics of prices and of wages in the principal trades,
which it was suggested by the writer might be dealt with
under two aspects, and with a view to two important pur-
poses,cle.; first, as a means of tracing historically the 1*-
exchangeable value of commodities as compared with
each other and with gold and silver (or money), and also
as the mans of tracing historically the money rate of
wages and the value in exchange of such money rate. And
secondly, as a means of aecertaining daring more recent
periods the fluctuations of prices and the course of wage*
In any particular country, an; by comparison with the eanig
class of facta in other minims, the relative exchangeable
mine of commodities and labour in different part. of the
world.

mans.
The Earl of Brannon passidod over this section, at which
a paper by Mr. Hammack was read by the author urging
reasons for re-ooneideriag the subject, examining the exist-
ing method of collecting population returns, suggesting the
hos& of inquiry, and the period at which it should be
mole, and a variety of. other details, and propounding a
catiaton,ede of rnsties. This papa pea ties to a Lasg
in arida several of es fonts visitors to an
active put,
STATISTICAL InT/10.011.

In this section, over whirl ILQunreimr presided, a paon
the statistics of literature was read by Mr. J. Winter Jones,
in which the general propositions pet forward were, that
the literary statistics of a country ought to embrace all that
is the result of the exercise of the human Intellect, so far
aa the same is manifested tbrongh flip 90018.
In the comae of the morning his Royal Highness. the
Prices Consort visited all the sections, a sewn& of which
he remained a considerable time, and, without actually
taking part in the discussions, evinced a marked interest in
the subjects discussed. His royal highnees was attended by
an equerry, and accompanied by Mr. Gibson, the Pre-
sident of the Board of Trade.
At two o'clock there was • general meeting of the -cou-
pon in the hall of King's Pottage, at which the Right
Hon. W. F. Cowper, M.P., presided.
A list of the representatrres of departments and societies
of foreign countries not actually deputed by their respective
governments, attending upon the conference, was reed :
Belgium, M. Corr Van Der Maeren, President of the Inter-
national Customs Reform Association ; France, M. Chate-
lane, of the Statistical Department of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs ; Prussia, Dr. S. Neumann, delegate from
the Society of Prussia for the Improvement of the Condi-
tion of the Labouring Classes, and from the Society of
Scientific Medicine of Berlin ; Run* Ceptain Sierakorakine,
representative of the University of Moscow and M.
Gregorief, Fallow of the Geographical SOciety, sad
member of the Central Fs
Sta Dr. Janis, debgaie from the government of the
United States, and mildest of the American Statistical
Wynne, Keck. end Sheppard Humans, Esq.,
from the geographical and statistical societies of America.
The British Asso,isition, tie National Asisaaiation, and the
Manchester Statistical Society were likewise represented.
M. Le Chevalier L. DiHRAITI Di SALM/SENNA drew
attention to the inconvenience miming from the greater
portion of the proceed' np being carried on in English, and
recommended that as the oongress was international, its
liminess should be conducted in the language which was
most generally understood and spoken, viz., the language of
France.
The CHAIRMAN observed that it was optional to *ea in
French or in the language of the country in which the con-
gress was bold, as was done at Vienna when the session was
bald there.
OM. Debrana, M. chatelsin, and M. Cori Van Der Maeren
were appointed foreign secretaries.
The delegates hem Russia, Prussia, Holland, Norway,
and Sweden read addresses, mostly in the French language.
relative to the statistics of their respective countries, and
the mode of collecting them.
Dr. C. N. DAVID (Denmark) read a statement of the
of statistical science is Denmark. He referred to
rirXrnational inconvenience consequent upon the want
of a uniform system of weights and memos.; and expressed
an opinion that it would be aa advantage if care were taken
to note with accuracy the statistics of suicide in all
countries.
Dr. ARMES (Hamburg) spoke of the necessity of obtain-
ing en mourate arithmetical knowledge of all the factors
that OM into competition in hawing a law. Least of all
could we dispense with this knowledge in questing' of
financial legislation. (He presented tables of the gross
revenue of Hamburg from 1818 to 1869, both inclusive,
with the average of every flaw years.) The value of the im-
ports subject to duty had increased about 117 per cent.,
forming one-fourth of the entire value of imported goods.
The value of the imports for the last three years was sheet
587} millions of mama lance, being an inereme of 709 per
cent., as compared w ith 1815. Turning to the provision for
the destitute poor, he stated that during the last seven years
the state had supplied 80 per cent. of the expenses of their
maintenance. There bad been a decrease of pauperism in
the septennial period ending 1859, as compared with the
septennial period ending in 1852, of 7 2-sthe per cent.,
though the number of blithe bad lainfiesed 9.27 per cent.
Mr. L. K. DAD described the official statistical publics-
tione of Norway. In that country the county magistrates
collected matisties on agriculture, fudience, trade, immunise-
titre& mines. poor rates, wages, 'snap beaks, ale. He
concluded by prompting the returns refired to, the
alTrpreeeedhip were then adjourned till 10 o'clock this
day, the modem reassembled.

GINILLOOKIAL AND lILINOSICAL SOCINFY OF
GEXAT Stunt. —The seated atosting of this society was
held lest eves* at the Merl of Flleamen's, the Mahon
of the moiety. The paileries were crowded. Lord Slimy,
one of the rice- premiss* took the choir, aad the vim
chair wee occupied: by air Thomas Mama Wilma &
report of the society's mesetdings was reed; and its adap-
ter beilaisisioved by Sir Thomas Mama Wide* sad
sesooded Brook Wok Bridges, it w Reecnonnob'
adapted. Bet. Thomas Hugo read a taper as Dome-
ffiff Beek sad he vas followed by Mr. paper
with •
treatise ea Aaglii-assoa and the
awesislas of ZVII•111 promv to ae. The Rev. Pro-
faner amitosis then delivered al muds" disarm= as a
balf.ioceows eisraidered historically and arelmoistiadly.
Dr. Pia. of Visalia, e caned
his peseeipies of ratelow
memory ; after which, not till a late hour, the gaoste
took their departure.