The Express.
London, England, 1867-11-02 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 2, 1867.

to keep the question open. The continued des-
patch of troops southwards, and their incessant
transportation front Toulon to Civita Vecchia,
is a sign that the EMPEROR does not feel that
very strong precautions can be dispensed with
under the circumstances. The expedition to
Civita Vecchia is as irregular as the occupation of
Roman territory by VICTOR EMMANUEL. Neither
the one nor the other is provided for by
treaty, nor could be strictly justified by inter-
national law ; and in such a state of things an
untoward occurrence might precipitate a conflict
foreseen by neither party, and contrary to the
wishes of each. Again, the public has no means
of ascertaining what foreign influences may be at
work to modify the disposition of either party.
I The statements which have been made as to the
direct and unsolicited action of Prussia at Flo-
rence have been contradicted, but probably have
some foundation. After all, however, if the French
Government earnestly desires peace, Europe will
continue to enjoy that blessing. The Italian
occupation of Roman territory cannot be consi-
dered a check given to French policy. It gives
a satisfaction to Italian feeling, but there is no-
thing in it inimical to France. It will give VICTOR
EMMANUEL a material standing-ground in the
Roman question ; but under no circumstances
could that question have been settled without him,
let Ultramontane zealots say what they will. The
noisy party in France which pretends to see in the
crossing of the frontier by the Italians a declara-
tion of war against the Empire, is more than
counterpoised by the vast body of intelligent and
energetic citizens against whom the EMPEROR
has to employ measures of repression while he
supports the cause of the Temporal Power.
Whatever settlement of the future position of the
Pore the EMPEROR can be reasonably supposed to
desire, may be as well attempted under the present
circumstances as under any other that are likely to
exist. We trust, therefore, that all the sinister
predictions of the last few days may be disappointed,
and that the governments concerned may be able
at once to proceed to settle the terms on which the
Pori may be speedily released from the worldly
cares which so heavily press upon him, and the
French relieved of the burdens of an occupation
which can bring them neither honour nor profit.

01111 CONTEMPORARIES.

(THIS DAY.)

To the Timei the threatened conflict in Italy
seems to be for the present averted, and leisure is gained
for negotiations. The late encyclical letter shows that
there can be no compromise with the Pope, and events
must take their course without him. In 1859 he could not
resign his sovereignty over the legations. In the following
year he could not put up with the lore of the Marches and
Umbria. Now, too, he will say " Non possuntus" to the
cession of Viterbo, Frosinone, and Velletri. Before long
he will be equally restitf against the fate which bids him
be satisfied with the Vatican and a garden.
The Daily News entertains • hope that France and Italy
will now be able to arrange the terms on which the Pope
may be relieved of his temporal sovereignty and the French
of the burden of the occup►tion.
The Herald says there will be • unanimous assent
amongst all classes of Englishmen to the sentence of death
pronounced upon the five Fenians yesterday at Manchester.
The Post also looks upon the sentence rui the first step in
the right direction. Let no misjudged leniency sacrifice
the national security to • morbid sentimentalism for •
patriotism which is a falsehood. The Telegraph ways
the verdict, solemn in itself, will acquire additional
solemnity from the ratification of the British na-
tion. The crime was simply a vulgar, dastardly mur-
der. It was vengeance wreaked upon one of the hum-
blest agents of justice, and no sophistry in the world, no
appeals to false patriotism, can raise the crime above the
rank of ordinary assassination, or beguile mankind to be-
stow the slightest pity upon the convicted felons.
The Standard puts in • plea for the unfortunate man
Green who has been sentenced to 20 years' penal servitude
for attempting to discharge • pistol against his wife,
whom he had detected in a criminal intrigue with a young
man lodging in his house. Nobody would have felt very
sorry if the jury bad stretched a point or two in favour of
the poor fellow who sat, overwhelmed with grief, whilst
the case against him was proved by the wife who had
brought herself to shame, and him to ruin. With the
crown, acting through its responsible ministers, it now
rests to exercise the prerogative of mercy, and the Standard
trusts that poor Green may speedily receive an intimation
that be has been deemed • proper subject for • remission
in harmony with that prerogative.

the members of the established church, do not as a body
support its claims. A few perhaps may incline in its
favour ; but it has been shown that many influential
voices amongst them oppose it strenuously ; and—what is
even more significant—that the establishment has been
losing support and converting adherents into enemies. That
it should have thrown itself into the arms of the Orange
Society may perhaps be excused on the plea that it only
follows a natural instinct. Its identification with Orange.
ism, however, disposes at once of various arguments based
on its assumed acceptance by the nation at large. No one
can say that Orangeism is popular with the Irish people ;
and the church establishment, which has chosen to cast its
lot with Orangeism, would clearly have destroyed its popu-
larity with the nation, if popularity it had ever had. This,
however, was never anything but a pleasant fiction ; and
the expression of the sentiments of protestant dissenters
in ulster has sufficed to scatter the last shreds of it to the
winds, and to isolate the institution which has relied on
it for support.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

THE ROMAN CRISIS.
THE BATTLE OF MONTE ROTONDO.

The occupation of Rome by the French troops,
now fully confirmed, has removed all uncer-
tainty as to the immediate fate of the city,
but the refusal of Garibaldi to withdraw, and the
announcement that he is actually fortifying his
position at Monte Rotondo show that the crisis is
not yet terminated. Up to the moment of
the actual appearance of the French in the
capital the greatest excitement prevailed, and
this excitement was increased to panic on the
part of the government when the report reached that
Garibaldi had been victorious at Monte Rotondo,
and was on the march to Rome. The following
description of the battle of Monte Rotondo is from
an eye witness :

"Monte Rotondo is a considerable town, situate
on a considerable height, surrounded by thick
walls, and flanked by strong gates. It is com-
manded by a strong castle-convent, with an
elevated campanile, from which a very de-
structive tire could be kept up on person
moving up to attack it. The garrison wa
composed of 300 men belonging to the Antibes
Legion, 100 gendarmes, and 50 dragoons, supported
by three pieces of cannon. This middle-age fortress
was well provisioned, whilst the attacking force
of Garibaldi was worn by fatigue and hunger, and
very indifferently armed. The general, who knew
the necessity of making an impression, resolved in
the face of all these disadvantages to attack the
place, and having no means of doing so by artillery
he determined to carry it by storm. Aooord-
ingly at 10 in the morning he moved his
entire force forward. The Pontifical troops, the
moment they perceived the movement, poured into
them such a deadly volley from behind the walls,
that in two hours 100 Garibaldians were stretched
on the field. Having gained the last slopes of
the central peak on which the town is built,
they rushed bayonet in hand to the heavy
gates, which were strongly barred. After
great exertions they succeeded in occupying
about 4 o'clock some country houses near the
town, but they ceased firing for want of munitions.
The Papalini had scarcely suffered any loss.
Finding that it was impossible, with the means
they had, to break open the gates, the Garibaldians
coated them over with sulphur, and then set them on
fire. The tire and prijectilea used to batter the gates
made a wide breach, and it was resolved to make
a final assault during the night. Accordingly at
2 o'clock the attacking column began to
move and was received by a heavy dis-
charge of musketry from the defenders.
The presence of Garibaldi, however, inspired
his troop* with irresistible force, the gates went
down and Monte Rotondo was taken. The Pontifi-
cals took refuge in the Castle-Convent and renewed
the defence. The Garibaldians were now more
protected, and did not suffer so much as
in the attack on the town walls. Em-
boldened by the success they had achieved they
pressed forward the attack on the convent.
Two hours before daybreak a white flag was sent up
from the tower and the Pontifical troops yielded at
discretion. They were despatched to the frontier;
the officers were left free to return to Rome,
and the only condition imposed on the sol-
diers was that they were not to serve against
the volunteers. Altogether there were about
300 taken. Garibaldi's loss was very heavy ;he
had 400 men lwrs de combat, but he took three
guns, 40 horses, and 400 needle-guns. A march
forward was at once determined on, and the volun-
teers advanced to cross the Tiber."
A letter from Rome of the 27th says :

The column of 7.ouaves and artillery, commanded
by Colonel Alett, went out yesterday morning to
relieve Monte Rotondo, an 1 returned an hour since
having found it impossible to effect their object:
Garibaldi attacked the place yesterday with a force of 5,000
men and heavy cannon (managed by two Prussian officers) ;
and the garrison, composed of only two companies of the
Legion, under Captain Costes, was obliged to surrender,
after havinethree times driven back the enemy with heavy
loss. Captain de Roster succeeded in cutting his way
back to Rome with the 3rd Company, and the Zonave
column was marching to attack Garibaldi on Monte Ro-
tondo, when the intelligence arrived that the Italian royal
troops bad crossed the frontiersat 5 thin morning. General
Kander immediately gave the order to Alett to retreat on
Rome, and a similar one has been forwarded to all the out-
lying corps at Viterbo, Valentano, Tivoli, and Froainone,
and a defence it la oxtrance is preparing for the line of
Civita Vecchia and Rome itself, up to the very gates of
the Vatican. The official announcement of the interven-
tion of France was made at 12 o'clock. We may look for
the arrival of General Fleury and 25,000 men to-
morrow night, ace,rding to the advises received by
the Secretary of State and communicated to the War-
onioe. This is the question we are all making each other,
with • garrison of only 3,000 men. Charette and his
column cannot arrive till midnight, nor the Viterbo divi-
sion till to-morrow evening. If the Italians, who are at
Grillo, within the Roman confines, march on us to-night
the situation is one full of danger.

(REUTERS TELEGRAMS.)
FLORENCE, Nov. 1, 9 P.X.

General bfenabrea has addressed the following
circular to the Italian diplomatic agents abroad,
dated October 30 :

The September convention in stipulating upon the one
band the evacuation of the Pontifical territory by the
French troops, imposed at the same time upon Italy
obligations which are heavy and very difficult of fulfilment.
She, however, accepted them with the sincere and absolute
desire to use every effort to secure their being observed.
Contrary to the laws, and notwithstanding the reiterated
declarations of the government, several bands have suc-
ceeded in penetrating into the provinces of the Pontifical
States by eluding the surveillance of the troops. But in
consequent* of the topographical configuration of the ter-
ritory, the considerable extent of the line which it was
necessary to guard, and taking into account the right of
every citizen to travel without hindrance, one may con-
ceive that it was an absolute impossibility for the corps of
observation to successfully prevent such occurrences.

The difficulties of the matter did not certainly escape
the penetration and perspicacity of the high contracting
powers when they signed the convention. It will be re-
membered that the term fixed for the execution of this
arrangement was precisely established at • time when •
conciliation might have taken place between the Holy See
and Italy, or at least a modus rirendi might have been
arrived at between adjoining governments which would
have rendered reciprocal relations possible. This hope
has been deceived, not indeed because the government of
the King omitted aught which could have tended
towards the attainment of this aim, but because
it always met with resistance from the Holy See,
end even sometimes serious censures for having pro-
mulgated necessary l►ws. It ia, therefore, not surprising
if the crisis which we regret has now taken place. The
government of the Emperor, in a document published in
the Moniteur, declared that the intervention of the French
troops had no object of any hostile character towards
Italy, and that the imperial government did not intend by
any means to renew an occupation the entire gravity of
which it fully estimated.

The King's governmen., while highly appreciating these
declaraticcui, cannot yet feel convinced that actual cir-
cumstances rendered an act of this character neoessary.
The imperial government cannot but be aware
that the September convention was concluded espe-
cially with a view to replace the Holy See in the
usual position of all other principalities which should
themselves provide for their own safety. One may in
truth assert that the spirit of the convention had not
always been observed in this respect, bat be this as it may

it is • fact that the troops enrolled by the Pontifical
government have sufficed for the defence of their fiag.
Bat although they thus fulfilled the object assigned to
them, the imperial government, despite our reiterated
observations and protestations, judged otherwise, and
decided to intervene. The formal declarations we have
recently made that we would do our utmost to prevent
the mission of the armed bands—declarations which we
have fulfilled—have unhappily not sufficed to change so
grave • resolution.

Public opinion in Italy ia deeply moved, and if the popu-
lation has not been carried away to acts of gravity it is be-
cause the majority are wine, and because the country is
accustomed to have full confidence in the government of •
faithful king, who guards and will ever guard their honour
at the cost of any sacrifice whatsoever.

We have consulted the exigencies of our dignity and of
our interests ; the government, consequently, has had to
take upon itself the serious responsibility of ordering the
troops to cross the frontier. The step can by no means be
considered by France as a hostile act. Occupying • few
points in the Papal territory, the royal troops are in-
structed to gain the goodwill and reassure the minds of
the inhabitants, and to re-establish quiet among the agi-
tated population, which addresses itself from all sides to
the King's government invoking its protection. The
troops have orders to everywhere respect the established
authority and municipalities, and to act in such manner
as to avoid every contlict likely to give rise to subsequent
complications.
The situation created by the September Convention
having been altered by the intervention of the imperial
troops, the King's government required to guard its rights
by placing itself in an identical position, with that of the
other contracting powers, and thus be able to open fresh
negotiations on a footing of perfect equality. Let us form
earnest vows that these negotiations may lead to •
definitive solution, which, while satisfying the legitimate
national aspirations, may at the same time secure to the
chief of the church the dignity and independence necessary
for the accomplishment of its divine mission.

REFUSAL OF GARIBALDI TO WTTHDRAW.
FLORENCE, Nor. 1, 11 rag.
_

The Official Gazette of this evening announces
that several pontifical soldiers who have taken re-
fuge upon Italian territory have been transferred
to Spezzia, whence they will be at liberty to return
to their homes.

The Opi?done states that Garibaldi has refused
to comply with the request to withdraw, and is
fortifying his position at Monte Rotondo.
The same paper asserts that Austria has adhered
verbally in principle to the proposal of France to
call together a conference upon the Roman ques-
tion. England and Prussia are said to support
the principle of non-intervention. Russia would
reserve her decision until France had stated the
questions that would ,be laid before the conference.

The Rifurma says that Velletri has voted by
plebiscitum for incorporation with Italy by 4,037
votes. Not a single vote was recorded against the
proposal.

~.- -..., ,
D. I

B.O'.

N.W.

N.
W.N.W.
W.N.W.

Bea.
B. I to
9.

B.W.
W.N.W.

0.07 1
•l 6 -
i 1
2
0.1! 1
000 -
! a

I 0.04

N.N.L
N.
&W.
N.W.
N. W.

(""
0.02 -

r.
Nairn 38.3940 N.W. 1
kb 10.3930 W.N.W. 1
lath 22.361221 W. 2
kr Iroemao 294! 48 N.N.
Greencastle 10.4741 N.N.W. 1
Valentle 30.64190 11. 0
11,che's Point 30.48 40 14.
Liverpool 136.43 47 W. 3
Holyhead —.30.41 49 W.N.W. I
Peassato 3946 42 N. 3
Brest
Unmet ii 0.29 46 N.N.R.
toehefort mo.m 60
Plymouth 70.67 .8 N. 1
Wyman* .30.43 47' N. 10.2 3
Portawaiath 31938 421 N. S
Loudon 911.3! 42 N. 3
Yarmouth 119.17 N, N.N.W. 3
20912.00968 t:l7 431 N.N.W. 4
4h1e144 .33 40 N.W.
Heider W. 9862 N.W.