The Express.
London, England, 1859-10-01 00:00:00

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LoNDON. SATURDAY. OCT. 1.

THE ample correspondence from Constantinople
published to-day muse it certain that the
Ottoman Empire has narrowly escaped, and that
perhaps only fora time, • crisis which must have
shaken it to it. centre. The conspiracy against
the SCLTA.V, which the telegraph had informed es,
on the beet official authority, was the wild and beam-
lees enterprise of • few Kurds and Cireamienr
proves to have been a formidable coalition aiming at
nothing less than the entire destruction of the public
men who, with some insignificant changes of far.
tune, have monopolised power in Turkey foe the last
twenty years, and a complete revolution in the prin-
ciples and practice of the Government.

This is not a mean plot, the expedient of some dia.
appointed and desperate minister to avenge himself
on his fortunate rivals. The list of the accused
and suspected, for which, as for other details of the
general dramatic development of the conspiracy, we
refer to the letters of our correspondents, is made up
of men of good position, generals of division, colonel,
and lieutenant-colonels, great teachers of the laws
with other learned persons of inferior grade, bat it
commies the name of no person of the highest rank.
In feet, the mere composition of this confederacy
is sufficient to suggest the thought that we have here
the very class of men who, patriotism apart, would be
likely to feel themselvenaggrieied by the corruption
and exclusiveness ef the Government. Active and
able officers and lawyers, cut off from the pursuits and
the career which would be fairly open to them under
•vigorous and national administration, occupy a posi-
tion well fitted to open their eyes to the wrongs which
the whole country suffers from the usurped authority
of a knot of great Puttee. This, which seems natural,
is what our correspondents assure us has actually
happened. The energy of repressed ambition has
once more combined with public spirit to attempt
the violent and irregular reversal of mischiefs and
abuses too great to be longer borne. The authors
and members of this conspiracy claim for their
enterprise... might have been expected, • thoroughly
national and patnotie character. Whether its leaden
possessed the energy and virtue to preserve it from
running the vulgar course of conspiracies, and n.
suiting in a despotism as bad as that supplanted, with
the additional weakness of illegitimacy, we need not
Dow inqaire. Commencing with violence, they
would probably find themselves carried away by the
farce of the revolutionary elements they bad evoked,
and the list state of Turkey might have been worse
than the first. There is, however, no duebt that
they hoped for success, and intended to justify their
measure* befcee Europe and before their fellow-
countrymen by erasing the eharacter of repass•
ton of the decaying State.
The plan of the conspirators appears to have Dna
formed with * stnet regard to the requirements of
European public opinion. No wanton blood wee
to disgust the courts of the West, no outburst
of religioos bigotry, such se the inclusion of
the fitness in the plat at first sight suggests, was
to give • pretext for the interference of •
powerful Northern neighbour. There is every
maws to believe that at least one Christian
name would have figured in the new administration,
as a pledge of its equitable spirit. The persons of
the St LTAX and his Ministers were to be secured, so
that no rallying point fee the adherents of the old
state of things might exist beyond the power of the
new authorities. But all this wee to be done
with the least possible derangement of civil order,
Especial pro:anions were to be taken for guaran-
teeing the safety of the Christian population and for
upholding the respect doe to the representatives of
the European Powers.
The first step in the path of reconstruction wee to
have been the enforcement of the SULTAII.B accept-
ance of a new Ministry, with a programme of exten-
sive reforms, and, above all, of • merciless economy
in the administration of the Stltrioi's expenditure.
As these reforms were to justify the violence done to
the sacred person of the Sovereign whoa also the
head of the Nluelens Church, we may suppose that
in the event of success something would really have
been dote to carry them out. This at least is certain
—that without an unsparing revision of the whole
financial system of the Empire, the new Govern-
ment could not h►ve stood.

Before passing judgment on the eordnet of these'
men we should well consider the circumstances in
which they saw their country placed, and the great
improbability that milder and regular remedies could
be applied with t tfect. If they, who were on the spot,
judged that some extreme and heroic treatment of
the malady of the State was necessary, they only
shared the judgment which Europe from a distance
and with fewer but certain data, had already pro-
,
mime:ed. The Turkish Gorernment, left to pursue
its course, must soon come to utter ruin. Let as look
at the facts. When the reigning SULTAN came to the
throat, Turkey had neither debt nor paper money.
The Imperial revenue is now three times as great as
it was in the time of the SCLTAIIN father, who had
had great wan tu sustain single-handed; yet in twenty
years Turkey ha. accumulated an enormous debt.
Toe Treasury is permanently in a state of extreme
penury. There is no money wherewith to pay the
soldiers. Reforms, public enterprises, and whatever
expenditure is required for the welfare of the people,
all languish adder perpetual postpswessent. Amidst
all this, about twenty people thrive. The great
l'achaa whose names eternally appear and re-
appear in official papers erect noble mansions,
which they till with bowie, musicians, and
players. The St LTA N, who cannot rarefy
as tradesman, and whore private debts are computed
at a b wit 1.000,000/., makes presents of costly jewels,
and builds marble pa'aces. Tlis Weiner of govern-