The Express.
London, England, 1860-04-20 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, APRIL 20, 1860.

BI"NSON'S WATCHES.
ridded d ardiesks.--Siroldi NA.
did widow •Is WO odd= Wawa Ito MI rairra fiend
1.• lows kr amen Dlmersted is= dosowNliwe
den daringdse of wadi sourdidd W sold dad peed
aOs dont —a as/ W. lAdind-WIL Wilditind

1)0IIDNEY and 80N8' LIVERIES
piers maim sad senwia
Pcndaman's Oda a s •
sand II BO II
Coadamia Salt
DOCDNEY and BON+, Wars, Old Ilasolabana; 44
lawandado : loanbanlatreet —ltatabillahed 1711.

terpTor they Moo power to drum
Tr IMO no charter to Wow.' —Chaucer.
DIEBBII and LUBIN'S LEAP-YEAR
BOCOVIT. srl. bottir—t. Now sond-oneet. W.

COLOURED FLANNZL SHIRTS.
Y.. 41 by TII MIMI and OLECNY. 118. &mad.

SECOND-HAND PIANOFORTES.
CRAMER, REAL& and Co. have • km assortament of
5it.,4.4 Land pganufortea, by the most adensisd oaken, at
greatly radiated prima-201, Itagent-street

Zte erpreoo.

TO COR RERPONDENTS.
etivement• intended for " The Express" London Evening
I' wee. must he at the rem, 10, Buuverie-street, by Two
o .duck uu the day al publication.

HA YHA= ET.
TRII EriESsO. THE OVERLAND ROUTH ManonaC. Mathews.
Compton. and Encinitas.; Mrs C. Mathew; Mra. Windex. —THE
PI Di E flt Or LOVZ. Memrs_. Rol Compton
Mi. M. Tema& —And THE HOARDING SCHOOL

P RI SCIDeII

Twts Emma. cRI EL Ti0VBE RIND-THE 1001.1 RE-
V ENG E. Mr. Phelps. Mue Atklitrin, SON Rest.—And
SYLPHIDE. Wars. Y. Ma/theirs. Shore, awl esker; Moss C•.
Leclerc% L Keeley, L Leclerc% sad H. Howard.

LYCEUM.
TIM ETVI•.w. NEXT OF KIN. Idiom Isaray, Cathaem. and
Tilbury. E Travers, and Mai L Ilawsr.—THlS FORTY
TIIII.t F.S. Mimes Lydia Thompson. Clara St. Cause, E. Travers,
Rate viavun.—And THE MIDDY AMOILL Mlm L Thompson.

T. JAMZES.
Tniq F:rrinm. A MEDEA MARRIAGE. Mr. T. Robinson.—
A II 401, SYSTEM. Mr. T. &Maim : Mir Murray.
A new htortrwlue, entitle.' LITELFZIA BORGIA AT HOME AND
ALL AllittOAD. Min C. Morgam—Aad NUMB= KIKEV-141:4X.

BaITANNLIL
Tati Ertigrwo, THE. WISE OE TEI MIRY: or. The Deepen
the Forret earl The Poor Stedval—A beer estra vagrants.
vet ttled LUELINE : or. The Law and Rhino. Sim tether
Jacobs, Kra a Lane.—Aod TIE MOGI= OF CRIME.

RION WILT= AT LONDON =IDOL
Tm DAT —Months 11. nom.. „Allarsoca, lh. !nu.
To-Aultauw —Mersin& S. Ta...•.ADEvOOOO. 2h. t..t01.

LONDON, FRIDAY, APRIL 20.

MR. MORSNAN drew last night a striking picture
of the state of Continental Europe. All the
Western nations are living under a menace. France
has fixed her eye upon them. The Emreaoa is
counting their armies, weighing their interests,
and finding out by which sole they may be best
approached. This State is marked for dismember-
ment, that for annexation, and all for subjection
to French interests. Both governments and
people are more alarmed, and with more reason,
than at any time since the commencement of the
century. We fear that all this is too true ; but
why is the House of Commons detained to hear
the apprehensions of Germany while the
Saramaar of the A D3ll HURT( stands waiting'
with the Navy Estimates ? We listen, and Mr.
H'Mxar tells us, England is under en-
gagements to secure Europe against the
dangers that are threatening it, and State
after State is looking to us for the decision
which is to seal their fate. In the face of these
grave events Mr. Success is anxious to know
what we are going to do ; he wants a direct, clear,
and unmistakeable announcement of the course
England will take. " What," he asked, "is the
" principle on which our foreign policy is to be
" conducted with reference to those treaty obli.
" gations which we have incurred in the general
" interest and for the conunon safety of Europe I"
We (10 not know how far the hon. member for
Stroud may be entitled to speak in the name of
the governments and peoples of Europe, and to
represent their thoughts and feelings. We hope
and believe that their moral and political
attitude is not exactly that which he has
described. But we are quite sure that
the English nation is not conscious of the vast
and comprehensive obligations which Mr. Hoax-
MA% has set forth. When the hon. member tells
us that the unnamed States whose cause he would
have us to take up are trembling with fear, it
becomes the more necessary to examine with strict-
ness our duties with reference to such undesirable
allies. According to Mr. HORANI A N'S argument
we ought to interfere whenever the principle
of the Treaty of 1815 is violated, and
that principle, according to the hon. gentle-
man, was " the protection of Europe against
" French aggression." It is undoubtedly
true that the treaties of Vienna were framed
under the predominating sense of the necessity of
taking precautions against France, and that that
necessity became a cover for so much injustice and
wrong as to cause an immense amount of suffering,
and in the end to endanger the whole fabric of
diplomacy. But a one-sided prohibitiveness can
never become the heals of any international
arrangement destined to endure ; and to say with
Mr. Ilomese, that "the deliberate judgment of
" Europe fixed the boundaries and defined the
" frontiers of the several States with the one sole
" aim and object of confining France within her
" own limits, and providing for the security of
" Europe against the perpetual danger and insa-
" liable recklessness of French ambition," is simply
to confound the incidental and transitory with the
essential and permanent. The Treaties of 1815
settled Europe after a long period of instability
and change. That was their use and merit. From
the date of their signature each State might at least
assume that its territorial frontier, being fixed and
ascertained, would not be disturbed. France
signed the final act of the Congress equally with
the other Powers, and accepted the advantages
with the responsibilities of that instrument. The
Treaties of 1815 have been valued by all serious
statesmen—not because of any original and supreme
rights supposed to belong to their authors, for the
title arrogated by the Powers to dispose of peoples
and territories was often doubtful and sometimes
usurpatory—nor because they contain the judg•
merit of a court having power to enforce its deci-
sions—hut because they offered a political basis for
the peaceful progress of nations, no longer required
to exhaust their energies and resources in defend-
ing themselves against the illegal and arbitrary
power of their neighbours. The States of Europe
have their existing frontiers by most various
titles—by historical possession, by conventions, or
by the fusion of free peoples ; but they have all a
right to remain undisturbed, those which have no
treaty guarantees as much as the rest. The last-
ing and profoundest sources of international right
are dishonounsl by these exclusive references to
the Treaties of Vienna, as if all law stood
or fell with them. Nothing can enhance the
obligation which the most powerful among States
in under to respect the independence of its weakest
neighbour, and nothing can he more obvious than
that every State is injured when those obligations
are disregarded. If all nations were free and all
governments enlightened, it would be impossible
for any crafty despot to violate the States around
him. Co-operation world be easy because the
course of legality would be clear.

But the clear dictates of public law have been
corrupted by the pretensions of legitimacy, and
again and again we have found ourselves compelled
to stand neutral, because we could not aid an ally,
to resist an act of aggression without also assisting
him to persevere in a course of oppression, not
always confined to his own subjects. Let the
principle of non-intervention be admitted, and we
shall have made • great advance towards the
establishment of a basis on whichwe can unite with
other nations to maintain the general independence
of States.

But whatever improvements may be made in
our public law, every State happening to be
menaced with aggression must seek safety before
all things in its own courage. The individual
householder must show that he has done
his best to protect his property before
he can call on the hundred to make
good his Ices ; so it must be with nations.
Certain States are trembling, says Mr. HOUNAN.
Well, we had our shivering fits about this time
last year. We shall have no more. Danger may
increase, but panics will not return. The reason
is, that we have left off trusting to the en-
lightenment and /oyauth of anybody, and
under Providence have taken our safety into
our own keeping. When we see our friends
abroad doing the same we shall have much more
confidence in them, and feel much more concern
for their success. But in the meantime we shall
not be guilty of pledging the power of England to
supply the place of patriotism in this State and
brotherly union in that Confederation.
Mr. Holmium bids us to observe how weak and
vulnerable Germany is :—" She dreads France,
" and the assaults of France through the petty
" German courts. She remembers the terrible
" outrages and sufferings inflicted by France dur-
" ing six years of tyranny. She would willingly
" fight, but she has no friend to rely upon if Eng-
" land does not stand by her." Well, is there not a
cause 1 The Germans are capable of as much
attachment to their country as other people.
There are thirty-six millions of them. If they
will not learn the lessons of experience, if they
would rather range themselves under an alien
banner than join their brethren, can we save
them I They have permitted themselves to be
parcelled out into petty States with rival interests
for the convenience of princes, and when opportu-
nities of union have offered they have allowed
them to pass by. It may be that a new war will
be required to teach them the duty of union, of
which the Italians have set the example : but we
cannot help it. We shall not move a finger to
save the Duke of This or the Elector of That
when ho is forced to put on the uniform of a
foreign Sovereign because he has forfeited the sup-
port of his people. The time may come when
we may be able to servo the interests of our
neighbours, but it will be when free nations unite
to fight for liberty and independence.
Lord Jomv Amami, had no difficulty in show-
ing Mr. HOLMAN that his call to arms was quite
premature. As to Savoy, we have done more
than any other Power, as the FOREIGN SIA:RETARY
observed—

" When we first heard, not that it was a matter
intended, but that it was a matter which might be
intended, and which might be carried into effect,
we stated that such a transfer of territory would
hate injurious consequences both to France and to
the general peace and tranquillity of Europe. But
we were not entitled to say to the King of Sar-
dinia, ' You shall not yield your territory to
France,' nor were we entitled to say to the Em-
peror of the French, You shall not accept the
territory from the King of Sardinia, which he has
a right to yield.' So much was this the view of
one at least of the courts of Europe that the Em-
peror of Ramis, by his minister, said that this was
entirely a matter that concerned the two sove-
reigns ; that the Emperor of the French had a right
to aak for the cession, and the King of Sardfida
had a right to make it, and that with regard to
the cession there could be no further question
about it."

As to the Swiss question we stand on different
grounds. Lord JOHN RrritOLlJ, put our legal posi-
tion very clearly :

" There being, by common consent, a great
change in the conditions of the neutrality that was
formerly provided with regard to • territory which
was then • territory of the King of Sardinia, but
which is now • territory of the Emperor of the
French, it becomes a grave question, a most inte-
resting and important question, how that neutra-
lity is to be efficiently maintained in the sense
in which the Powers of Europe wished to establish
it. That is a question which, so far from being
a question of war, is one that deserves to be consi-
dered by the coolest heads, by the greatest expe-
rience, and with the most mature judgment. Well,
there has been no objection made by the French
Government to the:examination of this question.
It is in general terms stated in the treaty of Turin
that the Emperor of the French will come to an
understanding with the Powers of Europe upon
the subject. The Swiss Confederation, through
their Federal Council, have asked that there should
be a conference upon it ; and the French Govern-
ment have, through their Miniater—their chargé
d'affafrea in London—stated that they have no ob-
jection to make to that conference. To the confer-
ence itself, and to the principle upon which that
conference should meet—namely, the reconciling of
the treaty of Vienna with the present state of
things, and the treaty which has been lately con-
cluded between the Emperor and the King of Sar-
dinia—them cannot be the least objection, and the
French Government declare themselves ready to
enter into it. Then I say it does not depend upon
England alone, or upon our boasting declaration, as
I should call it, that we are ready to go to war with
France—it requires that all the Powers of Europe
should, in a certain manner, be agreed with respect
to the guarantee which should be required, and the
precautions which should be taken in order to give
Switzerland a future guarantee for her security."

SocierT roa THE ENLAIMENENT, BCILDING, AND
RIZADLOrc or Car WHO; AID Clisreus.—The usual
mrellth meeting of this society woo held ea Monday last,
the kith inst., his Grace the Archbishop of York in the
chair. There were also present the Earl- of Romney, the
Lord Bishop of Lichfield, the Hon. and Very Rev. the
Dean of York, the Von. Archdeacon Jones, Rey. W. R.
Curcio; Beans. Win. Cotton, Edward Hussey, A. J. C.
Lawrie, Arthur Powell, and Win. Rivingtos; Rev. GienCn
Ainslie, M.A., secretary. Grants of money to the amount
of 2,tc rt. were nude in aid of the following objects
ehurches at Broomfield, in the perish of Bradford,
Yorkshire; and High Wych, in the parish of Sawbridge-
worth, Hurts. Rebuikliug the churches at Bagby, near
marsh ; Keynes, near liVarel.am ; Mum Cross,
nom Have:ionised ; Csrsdale. Dow }lnds'
war Latterwortb; LlAarodurnen, near 81. Clean ; and
North Pesetas, near Briiiport, Dorset. Enlarging or other
win neatening the accommodation in the churches at Fid-
dington, sear Br4lgewater ; Ilkley, near title y ; Limas, St.
Msey ; Upton Heim W
, near Sluvwsbury ; ent Hatch,
sear Taunton ; Claydnn, Dear Banbury ; Crieh, sear
Dert7 ; resetaatoa, near Si. Ives ; and Holy Islomd, Dear
Berwwitos-'geed. The gnat formerly node towards
bending the church at Deacon, in the parish of Cheddar,
Somerset, iseramml. A grant was also mode from the
special fund for school churches and mission houses towards
the erection of a school church at Bear'a Isle, in the parish
et Tenterdec, Kent. The annual general court of this
society is appointed to he held at 79, Ulna'', on Friday,
May 15, at two p.m., Lis Grace the Archbishop of Canter.
bury be the chair.

Clic Court.

Her liajeety the Queen visited the Ducbeea of
,Bent reiteriky at Prepare.
Her Major*, the Queen and Prince Convert, accompanied
by the Primus Alice, Ithiee Alfred, Prises Arthur, Prince
Leopold, end the Primeness ;Helena, Lowdse,land Beatrice,
left Whither Castle at he minutes beton five o'clock yes.
tenlay afternoon fur the station of the South Western Rail-
way, travelled by a special train to the private station at
Vauxhall, and arrived at Buckingham Palace at five minutes
past six o'clock.
In attendance were Lady Churchill, Lady Caroline Bar.
ringtoo, Hon. Eleanor Stanley, Lord Harris, Major-General
the Hon. Charles Grey, Lieutenant-Colonel F. Cavendish,
Colonel the Hon. A. N. Hood, Captain Du Plat, Major
Cowell, R.E., and Major Elphinstone, R.E.
In consequence of the deep mourning, her Majesty and
the Royal Family came up to London quite privately, and
the usual guards of honour and esoorte, were dispensed
with.

The Hon. Emily Cathcart and the Hon. Beatrice Byng
have snocanded the Hon. Eleanor Stanley and the Hon.
Flora Macdonald as the Maids of Honour in Waiting to the
Queen.

The funeral of the late universally lamented Prince of
Hohenlohe langenbourg is to take place this day (Friday)
at iangenbourg. Sir Alexander Valet, her Majesty's
Minister at Frankfort, will attend the ceremony on the
part of her Majesty and the Prince Cowart.
Viscount and Viscountess Palmenrton returned to town
yesterday from Bracket-hall

_
Despatches were sent from the Colonial-office yesterday
to the Governors of Ceylon, Hong Bong, Labium, Malta,
sod Gibraltar.

The Prince of Wales is expected to arrive at
Buckingham Palace on Tuesday next, from Germany, and
at the end of the week, according to present arrangements,
his royal highness will take hie departure for Canada.
The Countess of Verulam was safely delivered of
a son on Wednesday feat, at ,Woodeaton. Her ladyship
and infant are progressing favourably.
Lady Egerton of Tattoo has issued cards for a
tall on Wednesday, the 2nd of May, at her mansion in Bt.
James's-equare„

Mrs. C. Wykeham Martin will have a ball on
Tuesday, May 8, at her residence in Great Cumberland-
plane.

Mr. Cobden, M.P., left town yesterday for
Folkestone, and is expected to arrive in Paris to-day.
The presentation to Lord Churston has been
postponed. "It was to have taken place," says the Ply-
ssoutA Journal, "on the 29th, at Newton Abbot, and the
enthusiasm of his lordship's admirers would not be content
without securing the presence of Mr. Disraeli and Lord
Derby. Those parliamentary magnates could not come,
and the ceremony is postponed in the hope that their at-
tendance may be had shout the partridge season."
The Bishop of Oxford and the Bishop of Lincoln,
with other distinguished guests, have been visiting at the
seat of Sir C. H. J. Anderson, Bert., at Lea, near Gains-
borough. On Sunday last both their lordships preached in
the very pretty church there, thejatter in the morning,
and the former in the afternoon. There were large con-
gregations. Collections were made after each service 1-77,ai
of the Propagation of the Gospel Society.
The Bishop of Is ondon has instituted lithe Rev.
John Russell Stock, of St. John's Coe, CAW'
bridge, vicar of Finchingfield, in the diocese of Rochester 4
to the rectory of All Hallows the Great and Less, rl'hamee-
street, in the room of the Rev. George Mansfield, M.A.,
who has exchanged with Mr. stock for Finchingfield.
Thelfollowing will be the preachers at the special
services tint Westminster Abbey for the two remaining
Sundays of this month :—April 22, the Rev. W. H. Brook.
field, one of her Majesty's Inspectors of fichools ; April 29,
the Rev. the Warier of All Souls, Oxford.
Arrangements in the Education-office will render
It unnecessary to fill up the inspectorship which has become
vacant by the death of the late Mr. Jelinger Symoads.
In consequence of the attempts which are being
made to delay the progress of the Reform Bill through the
House of Commons, the Parliamentary Reform Committee
have convened a meeting of reformers to be held on Tues.
day next, at the Guildhall Coffeehouse, to consider what
steps it is desirable to take under existing circumstances.
Mr. Jackson will, on Tuesday next, move that an
humble address be presented to her Majesty, praying that
she will be graciously pleased to issue a royal commission
to inquire into the system of control and management of
her Majesty's dockyards, the purchase of materials and
store*, the cart of building, repairing, altering, fitting, and
refitting her Majesty's ships.
The Duke of Newcastle has returned the follow-
ing reply to a request that be will present to the Queen the
petition of the lace manufacturers, already mentioned in
our columns :—" Colonial-office, April 18, 18030.—Sir,—I
very much regret to hear of the distress prevailing in the
lace trade of Nottingham, of which I was previously aware,
and shall be happy to do anything in my power to relieve
it. I shall be prepared to lay before the Queen the petition
of the manufacturers referred to in your letter when I re-
ceive it. In consequence of • private communication, I
have already mentioned the subject to her Majesty, and I
have received her kind assurances that she will take such
steps as I should recommend—l am, sir, your obedient
servant, NEWCANTLI."

From a letter addressed by General Decavero to
Lord Normanby, it appears that the only answer which his
lordship has made to an indignant demand for the grounds
of grave charges brought against the gallant officer, is the
extract of a private letter, with the signature scratched
out, in which, amidst a great deal of abuse against the
Piedraunteee, there is a large share for General De-
covert', who then had the honour of occupy-
ing the most eminent position among them. "That
extract," writes the general, "if it were authenti-
cated by the signature of the writer, might, at the utmost,
prove that a portion of the things reported by your lordship
hare really Lees said. But your lordship will eaaily under-
stand that that can absolutely not be sufficient for me, and
that I require proofs not only that such things Aare teen
said, Gat also that the things reported are tree. • •
I shall, however, deem myself satisfied if you will
publish that., led into error by your correspondent, you
have armed facts and things which never existed, and
that, being now better informed, you have no objection to
deny them, and to retract the offensive article published
against me. If, however, your lordship should refuse his
moderate sad just satisfaction, which you owe to yourself
aa well as to me, in order not to incur the disgrace of
having been willing knowingly to calumniate an honourable
and old soldier, I shall be obliged to make publicly known
that your lordship is guilty of a deliberate falsehood, and
a slanderer ; and I decLue myself ready to maintain my
assertion in any manner that may he required either
against your lordship, if you are so pleseed, orsgainst say
other person who would make himself known to me as your
representative."

Advictm from St. PeMrsharg state that Ritgaia
has ordered her diplomatic agents to quit Pekin during the
approaching hostilities. The reason given is that she
desires to avoid hciug accused either by England or France
of aiding or counselling the Chinese.

THE EARL OP EUHS.—We understand that the
Earl of Elgin will take his departure on Monday next, on
his mission to China.

•
THE WHITTINGTON CU:B.—Last evening Mr.
H. (Alay delivered a lecture on " Diplomacy and the Pre-
rogative of the Crown in Matters of Peace and War," in the
groat room of the Whittington Club. The discourse, which
tended to show that secret diplomacy was contrary to con-
stitutional law and established precedent,dating from nearly
1,000 years hack, was listened to with great attention and
warmly applaaded at the close.
_ _

Ha. Eaxs+rr Jomen.—We understand that Mr.
Ernest Jones is about following hi■ profession u a bar.
ri■ter, and inteorls practising in the Old Bailey and on the
Northern eircuit. Mr. Jones was called to the bar at the
Middle Temple, in 1844.

SVDDIM DICATH OF • MAGIATRATZ.—We regret to
have to announce the sudden death of James Hoary no-
maain, Fag., one of the numistmtes of this moody, which
took place at his residence in Witham. The deceased gen-
tleman had attended at the magistrates' clerks office, and
heard a case about one o'clock. He was taken ill shortly
aftarwanis, sal his, medical attendant, Mr. Proctor, was
called in, when it was found he was suffering from aet of
opixy, and in about half an hoar he oared to exit.
He had been uuwell for some time pail. --Clidasoferst
(7/ironic-fr. A comespoodent writes :—" 'llse deceased sec-
tlernaa was greatly respected in the county, and his death
will be a severe loos to persons of ell classes. He was moat
assiduous in his duties as a magistrate, and in private life
wr militantly rendering services to his neighbours and to
the poor."

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

INDIA.
INDIA OFFICE, APtn 20.
The following telegrams have been this day re-
ceived from Brigadier Coghian at Ad&n :

" FEROZEPORE, MAlca 23.

" Quiet prevails in India.
" A serious fire broke out in Daoca, which
destroyed half the town. Six thousand families
have been reduced to destitution. Subscriptions
have been commenced to relieve the sufferers.

"There have been some agrarian riots among
the indigo cultivators at Vererhuago (I) and the
neighbourhood.

" The Governor-General Ivan at Holy (1). He
will join his camp at Hoahiarpoor, via Bjopwepor (1)
and Moduon (4.

" Funds.—Government Five per Cent. Loan at
sto si per cent. discount. Five-and-a-Half per
Cent. Loan at par to I per cent, premium.

" BELDON.

"In two districts of Lower Bengal much ex-
citement has arisen, connected with the cultivation
of indigo; but we apprehend no disturbances which
will not be promptly suppressed by military polies.
The magistrates' powers have been enlarged by a
temporary law, and a special commission of inquiry
will be issued.

"The Lieutenant-General of Bengal reports that
he has every reason to believe that the excitement
in the indigo districts is passing off, and that he
has no apprehension of serious disturbances any-
where. " Passioxicr IN COUNCIL
"Calcutta, April 1."

-71kiniGARY.
VIENNA, TEICIISDAY.
Archduke Albert Mires provisionally from his
as ail and military Governor of Hu-
-
•

One —ernor _lun-
riO _ _
,asa
and is replaced by General Benedek, who is
lotted to regulate the municipal laws, to
11-organise the oozed on the base of the old in-
siltutions, to submit his propositions for a oentral
representation (Diet) in Hungary, and to unite the
five administrative sections into one single admi-
nistration (Statthalterei) at Buda.