The Express.
London, England, 1860-01-05 00:00:00

SARDINIA.

Garibaldi hu resigned his post as president of the
National Society—a kind of anti-Msorinian associa-
tion—but has, instead, accepted the presidency of
another body, bearing the significant name of La
Nations drinata. On this occasion he has published
the following proclamation to the Italian liberals :
In the same of Italian anion, without which liberty and
independence can sewer gladden the heart of Italy, I
summon yon to the unifying banner (staiodardo um' flea-
tore) 4. f Kiag Victor Emmanuel. Let all amongst you,
whose sold bar= with the sacred love of Italy, forget their
differences and embrace for your country's sake. With that
noble Wattles the liberals of the Las r s Cestazie (an old
political society) have transiformed their assoclistims into that
at tha Najois. Arogja, sad with that subs intentiOUl has.
accepted Ps presidency. May oar example be univereelly
followed, so that anion amoagat beothers should cease to be
a mere wish, and become a fact. Let right, supported by
arms be our programme; Ist the liberation of Italy be our
only wish. Closely joined in one phalanx, we shim hence-
forth have bet one enemy before us, and shall live only is the
hopes of Italian liberty. G. OA/11131iLDT.
Turin, Dec. 31,1859.

The Semaphore of Marseilles states that M. Alex-
ears Dumas, after a short visit to that city, bee gone to
Leghorn to Amin from the deleg►tes of the Fathers of the
Holy Land the neoes-ary aathonty to hoist on board his
yacht the flag of the Jerusalem pilgrims, which is under the
protection of Frame. M. Dame. will take advantage of his
voyage to visit the spots lately rendered lemon* by the mili-
tary exploit, of the French army, and (*pertain Manage,
Magian, and &Merino.

HUNGARY.

(View o, OWN

Pitfall, Die. 27.

Hungary presented a curious sight during the last
Italian war. Whilst thousands and thousands of her
soot served in the Austrian army, bleeding for the
maladministration of the government which always
refused to acknowledge the rights of nationality and
self-government, there was not one Hungarian to be
found who would not have openly expressed his
delight at each sum:snivel defeat, though he had,
perhaps, a son, a brother, or a friend among the con-
quered troops. Everybody was preparing for the
arrival of the news that the French had landed at
Fiume, in order to rise at once and to expel
the hated Austrian soldiers, together with
the innumerable host of ill-paid and over-
worked, bribable, overbearing officials, and all the
cumbrous, ill-assorted, complicated, and expensive

machinery of maladministration, which for the last
11 years has preyed upon the vitals of the country.
The Convention of Villafranca at once dispelled the
hopes of a speedy liberation, and produced the most
painful impression. Not as if the Hungarians even
then despaired of their future ; as to this point they
know sufficiently well that there is no power on
earth which, in the long run, could prevent the
separation from Austria; but they suspected the hand
of Russia in that convention. They thought that
the Cabinet of St. Petersburg, convinced of
the complete rottenness of Austria and un-
willing to see Hungary freed by French assist-
ance, and thus escaping the grasp of the Autocrat,
had succeeded in inducing Napoleon to stop just at
the threshold of the most complete triumph. Rus-
sian diplomacy is certainly fully aware that Hun-
gary, like a ripe fruit, may be gathered by the first
corner, and wishes therefore that the tree should not
be shaken too violently, that the fruit may remain
on the bough until Russia becomes ready to pluck it
herself. Placed in the eastern corner of Europe,
remote from the great centres of diplomatic action,
excluded by Austrian censorship from the sources of
western knowledge, we do not know whether this
view may be right or wrong ; but so much
is certain, that next to Austrian despotism
there is nothing so loathsome to every Hungarian
as Russian despotism ; and we are at a lose
to understand why the sticklers for the balance of
European powers drive us so obstinately into the
arms of hated Russia. Still the manhood of the
Hungarian nation may perhaps yet avert such a
danger; so mach, however, is certain, that the pre-
sent unnatural position of Hungary cannot last for
any length of time. Samson is loth to grind in the
prison-house of the Philistines, and if they continue
to call for him that he may make them sport, Samson
may any day take hold of the pillars upon which the
house stands, and at the risk of burying himself
under the ruins destroy the house and slay
the overbearing lords, who, unable to prevail
against him, had recourse to foul treason.
We acknowledge freely that there was a
time, immediately after the day of Vilagos,
when even an amnesty coupled with the preserva-
tion of the municipal institutions might have con-
ciliated the Hungarians. At a somewhat later period,
in 1866, when the Emperor thoughtlessly refused to
accept the petition of the Hungarians, presented by
the Archbishop of Gran, the re-establishment of the
constitution might have sufficed ; but now the day of
concession is past, and the abyss yawning between
Hungary and Austria cannot be filled or bridged
over. This state of feeling is well known at Vienna,
the Emperor himself is fully aware of it, but he
believes he may be able to hold his own with the
sword. Though not a scholar, and unacquainted
with imperial " Oderint dum metnant,” he is credi-
bly reported to have said to Count Biseingen, the
Governor of Venice, whose advice was to try to conci-
liate the Venetians by concessions, " What do I care
whether the Venetians or Hungarians love moor not,
it they only fear me. I never will agree to make
concessions—they lead to revolutions; my sword and
my army will uphold the integrity of my monarchy;
and if they cannot, then let the whole concern go to the
doge' The Imperial expression was still more ener-
getie, but I forbear to repeat it. As to the
I ministers, they follow Prince Metternieh's precedent,
who, when any province became clamorous, always
said he could not advise any concession, lest it should
seem to be extorted, and the dignity of the crown
might suffer by it ; but if the people, in the hope of
getting some concession, silenced their complaints,
he congratulated them upon being contented with
the system of government, which, of course, needed
not to be altered.

Such being the principles of government, we must
always be prepared for the worst, since we see how
the terrorism of 1850-54 is returning step by step.
Professor Palkosy, of Sum Patel, has been arrested;
Charles Szsaz, the popular poet, has been put order
the control of the police for having drank a toast
" for our friends in exile;" the Superintendent
Topperczer, M. Zsedenyi, and M. Magya are
under a political prosecution for having excited to
contempt, and with the prospect of imprisonment
in irons from one year to five; a number of cler-
gymen and elders are harassed by preliminary in-
quests ; M. Otto Desseroffy, Count Teleki, Baron
Vey, and Superintendent Apoetol expect every day to
be summoned before the Criminal Court; and still the
Hungarians bear up and are cheerful, awaiting the
coming crisis. The unanimity among them is com-
plete, German dress and speech are discarded by
society, the Hungarian costume and language reign
parammint in the country. The local authorities,
perhaps better advised by their fear for their per-
sonal safety than their rulers at Vienna, try to avoid
any step which might lead to a collision, and are
but too happy that a recent imperial ordinance hie
dispensed the country from furnishing recruits in
spring, since it was well known that the authorities
could not have levied the conscripts but by military
assistance. As to the committees of men of confi-
deuce for the discussion of the ministerial
scheme on the organisation of the municipalities,
they have come to a stand-still all over the country.
The " confidence-men," though selected by the
government, seized the opportunity to express
their firm conviction that no law could be
, carried into life unless it proceeded from the legal
Diet, and withdrew. This happened at Preaburg,
at Oederbarg, at Pesth, and now likewise at Gross
Wardein ; but the government, wishing to palliate
this new failure, did not at once dissolve the com-
missions, but tried to find substitutes for the recusant
member; • it is however so difficult to find inch sub-
stitutes that the meetings of the commissions have
been adjourned.

P.B. M. Edward Zsedenyi has been sentenced by
the Criminal Court of Kaschan to four years' penal
servitude in irons, and loss of pension, for having
incited to contempt of and resistance to the laws.
M. Zeedenyi was a prominent conservative member
of the Diets of 1836, 1839, and 1843, and subse-
quently, until 1848, an Antic Councillor of the Hun.
garian Chancery.

The Journal de Rome, of Dec. 30, contains an
attack upon the pamphlet of such violence that French
payees do not dare to reproduce it. The Opinions Rationale
rya that the article to qusetion ie but a feeble specimen of
Cardleal hutment's daily language.
. .

A letter from Beiroui saye :—" The American
ambassador bait left for Sidon, Tyra, Acre, and Jaffe, whew"
he mounds to Jerusalem, end afterwards to Alexandria,
where hts family Is to winter. Its has, lam glad to say, ob..
taxed perfect satisfaction for the Insult cut on the Maxima
protestant zalaelonaria, Mesas. Dad and Benton, by the
Roman bigots of &Alio. That town is to pay all expense'
—has paid them, Indeed—to which the missionaries ware pet,
the rent of their h•nasee, damage and loss of farpitare,
to the tone of 20,000 piastres; and these, or any other pro-
tenant missionariem, have full leave to retails in ZULU, bow,
I who, ant where they please."

I