The Express.
London, England, 1867-07-19 00:00:00

11.1VMARKET.

THIS ETESCM, PETER SH IN K.—THE COQUETTE. Mews.
lions. Compton, tiordon. Vincent, Weathers by, Ceti, he. ; Men
dames sminnies. :Mathews. Lenin. dc.—And WHO WANTS A
INkLA t !Amon. Bmckstune, ChippstniaLk de.; MN Barks.

rantyzeim

Title ETZAIN(I. TRITE CUBE. Megan (Wawa*, IT.
Marston, H Forreuer, EF. Edgar, le.: Min 0. Pauncefort
and Wu Nelly Moore.—Doors open as half-past seven ; com-
mence at eight.

.ra.xn.

Tm Enttalni, Emery, Pantile, Bob-
sow. and nwAnhotnutth Mesatameo Ada nenusborough and John-
stone —And THE LATt>IT EDITHIN UV YBA DLtVuLH.
Mews. Thorne It James ; Mesdames Holt, Newton, &c.

liA7Aww!A-

Ms IMMO, JACK 0' LANTERN : OR• THE RACE COURSE,
AND THE BLUR RIBBON OM THE TURY.—Mr. G. Backstair° .
Mr. Seth s. N•llime; the Cbasopion Skaters of &viand —And
MOONLIGHT JACK. Mr. J. IL Howe t Mau J. Corcuty.

NIGH WATIaI. AT LONDON BRIDGE.
IZIII DAT —Morning. ab. 3.so....—Aftenioun, 3h.
To-Noihow—Morning, 4b. lim..—..Aftaraoon, 4h. 2hui.

LONDON, FRIDAY, JULY 19.

THE issue of a new Annualßeport by the Salmon
Fishery Commissioners reminds us of a piece of
legislation of a merely regulative character which
has proved succesaful in a more than ordinary de-
gree. In this case, unlike that of game on land,
the animal for which protection is invoked is not
only a valuable and appreciable element of the
food of the country, but it draws its own nourish-
ment from substances which are not themselves
available for human food. Its increase, then, is
so much clear gain ; but, at the same time, its
protection is more difficult than that of any other
animal, for it not only cannot be domesticated,
but its mere existence and reproduction demand
thatit should have access at one season to the sea,
and at another to the highest reaches and streams
in our inland rivers. Passing thus through a
great extent of country, and becoming succes-
sively subject to the ownership of a great variety
of persona, there is unusual facility as
well as temptation for its destruction, at
the same time that there is immense
difficulty in so adjusting the various rights
and interests of the parties concerned as to
unite them in attaining the common object. Our
efforts in this direction have been very tentative,
but there is encouragement in their almost uni-
form success ; and experience has meanwhile been
gained, which will enable us to correct errors
and supply omissions. These it is the function of
the Fishery Commissioners to bring each year
under the notice of the public.
Taking first the point on which it is easiest as
well as pleasantest to dwell, we find that out of
42 rivers of which the local boards have made
reports, 24 are returned as exhibiting great and
marked improvement, 11 state that there is a
" gradual improvement," and only 7 complain of
eithei little or no improvement. It is satisfac-
tory, however, to find that the cases in which the
decided improvement is noted are those of the
largest rivers, including the Severn, the Usk, the
Taw and Torridge, the Tyne, the Dee, the Wharfe,
the Tees, the Ouse, and the Wye, while those in
the opposite class of " little or no improvement,"
consist only of the insignificant streams, scarcely
known beyond their own districts, named the Teivy
and Aeron, Frome and Stour, Exe, Glaalyn, and
Conway. When next we turn to see what are the
causes that prevent or limit improvement, we have
the further satisfaction of finding that, though
exceedingly diversified, they are nearly all of a
remediable character. They have been elicited by
a aeries of questions addressed to the local boards
by he Commissioners, and are analysed and ex-
plained in their Report.
One of the most serious of these is the pollution
of tie water by foreign substances. In this matter
the interests of the salmon are identical with those
of *his captor. Both need pure water for the
maintenance of health, but the fish is worse off
than the man, in that if he is poisoned by bad
water he has not the option of boiling it, or puri-
fying it, or, in the last resort, of drinking beer.
And when we read the list of ingredients which
are poured into our rivers, the wonder is, not that
so many of the fish die, but that any survive. Five
stiffSr from gas refuse, four from paper mills, six
from lead washing, five from other mines, three from
coal dust, three from sewage, three from tanneries,
and nine from various other kinds of manufac-
turing refuse. The Wear seems to concentrate in
itself every form of pollution, complaining of " the
" slush from the lead mines, black water from coal-
"washing, bad water pumped from coal-pits, ashes
" from collieries, ironworks, and cinder ovens,
" waste ley, &c., from paper mills, refuse from
" gas-works and chemical works, of sewage, and
" of every other abomination that a thickly-popu-
" lated district can get rid of by putting into the
" river." It is unreasonable, however, that rivers
which are intended by nature to furnish a who'e
district with pure water and wholesome food
should be made useless for this purpose by the
ignorant selfishness of • few persons who choose
to convert them into sewers. With regard to at
least a groat proportion of the matters complained
of there can be no difficulty in &spoiling of them
on land, or at least of properly disinfecting them
before letting them mix with the rivers, and there
can be no doubt that public opinion will be wish
the Commissioners in their eCorts to procure
enactments that shall forbid such perversion of •
public right.

The question of facilitating the passage of the
salmon in its annual migration from the sea to the
spawning beds is one that cannot be dealt with so
summarily. Ladders or " leaps " have in many
places been formed, and enable the fish to sur-
mount effectually the artificial or natural obstruo-
tions which are interposed in their course. But
in some places they fail, and in these the practi-
cal knowledge of Mr. FRANK BUCKLAND, one of
the Commissioners, has been very usefully directed
to pointing out the reasons of the want of success.
A little amendment of the law is, however, re-
quired in respect to the adventures of the fish on
their return journey, when, having deposited their
eggs, they are on their way to recover health by a
course of sea-bathing. They are apt to take a
wrong turn into mill leads, and it is suggested that
we might fairly require a grating to be placed
at the mouth of these to prevent the ingress
of the salmon. Its worst enemy, however,
at this stage is the poacher, who does not
kill for his own use, knowing too well that

the flesh of the salmon at this season is
not only uninviting but unwholesome, but who
despatches his take to foreign markets where the
undiscriminating natives consume it with gusto.
The difficulty here is to find the consignor, for the
consignee is beyond our reach. But the Commis-
sioners desire an increase of power to check the
evil at its root by authority being given to the
water bailiffs to pass along the banks of the
rivers during close time. This power is exer-
cised in Ireland, and is so unobjectionable and
so obviously necessary that it cannot bo refused
here.

These recommendations, however, which suffi-
ciently indicate the general tenor of the Report,
arc perhaps rather at present material for future
consideration than a basis for immediate legisla-
tion. On the whole, and with all blunders and
shortcomings, our progress is decided, and the
" friends of the salmon," as Mr. BUCKLAND en-
thusiastically calls those who wish to preserve
him to be eaten, will be all the better for a year
or two of further experience before coming to
Parliament with a completer scheme for its sanc-
tion. Only on the matter of the freeing our
rivers from pollution, it may be said that we are
ripe for legislation, and this because it has already
been investigated, not only in the interest of
salmon and its eaters, but in that of human beings
who drink. water, even if too poor to eat fish.

Tea SULTAN, after a week of various sight-
seeing, is to receive to-night at the India-house
what promises to prove the most brilliant en-
tertainment that will mark his visit. The ball
to be given there in his honour stands out from
among the other complimentary festivities which
he has accepted, and is intended to do so. It
marks a point of view from which no Western
government but our own is in a position to regard
the SULTAN. Sir STAFFORD NORTHCOTE was not
particularly happy on Tuesday in the choice of
terms in which to explain to the House of Com-
mons why this entertainment is given at the
India-house, for in his anxiety to state that it is
not offered by the Government of this country,
but by that of India, he said it was not
given by her MAJESTY'S Government, whereas
since the East India Company was deposed our
Indian Empire acknowledges no Government but
that of her MAJESTY. But everybody understood
the Minister's meaning. Our Imperial guest
was to be contemplated from the meridian
of Calcutta or Bombay rather than from that of
London, and to be honoured more especially
as the sovereign whose empire forms a link
between the two vastly different civilizations to
which we adapt governments so different in their
material, organisation, and methods as those of
Downing-street and the India-office. The sugges-
tion of this entertainment, which seems to be due
to Sir STAFFORD NORTHCOTE, does him credit, as
at once intelligible and appropriate ; it will be
noticed, however, that the thought out of which it
grew—that of the special relation of Turkey to
India—appears in all the serious addresses which
have been presented to the SULTAN, and we con-
fess that we prefer it infinitely to those which
have inspired certain poetical felicitations which
have been publicly offered to his MAJESTY.
Foremost among the reasons why the Govern-
ment of India should pay the highest respect to
the rulers of Turkey and Egypt, Sir STAFFORD
NORTHCOTE mentioned the propriety of manifest-
ing in some way our sense of the obligations we
are under to those rulers for facilitating communi-
cation by sea and land, and also by telegraph,
between England and her great Eastern depen-
dency. These are services which ought not to pass
without acknowledgment, and no time could be
more suitable than the present for their recogni-
tion. When the immense political and commer-
cial interests we have in India are considered, a
friendly remembrance of what has been done
to bring India and England nearer together will
be mingled with surprise that more has not been
accomplished. While we are all anxious to give the
Ottoman Government full credit for the facilities
it lass accorded or is ready to accord to us, there
can be no impropriety in pointing out that the
TurlCsh Government can only benefit by every
measure which makes its territory a better fre-
quented road to India. At present, however,
by whose fault we will not inquire, we
are not making the best of the advantages which
lie before us. Our passenger traffic, with the
mails and the more precious articles of merchan-
dise, follow the route through Egypt, whereas the
valleys of Antioch and the Euphrates offer a road
which seems to have been marked out by nature
for our purpose. A railway of nine hundred miles
from sea to sea would give us the best access to
India, saving a thousand miles in distance, and
shortening the period of transit by ten days. The
introduction of so great an undertaking, and its

and working, in the moat valuable
part of the Sovriaes dominions, could not fail
to be followed by immense advantage to the
Turkish Government and the people of the
country through which it passed. During his
visit to the West the SULTAN must have
bad many opportunities of observing the
important part which material agencies per-
form in the work of civilization, and among
these the means of easy and frequent com-
munication are of the first importance. Our
Indian administrators could tell him that in our
Emden' Empire their operation is of even more rela-
tive consequence ; that there the newly acquired
habit of railway travelling is breaking down the
barriers of ignorance and prejudice, and giving
to millions of people who before were mutually
strangers an interest in each other and in the
government which protects them all. There is
much in our complex civilization of which the
SULTAN cannot be expected to perceive at once
the full significance ; but the operation of our
material means and instrumentalities of progress
is obvious, and the lesson can hardly be lost
either upon him or upon the distinguished men
by whom he is surrounded.

THE Naw BOROUGH or HACINsr.—MF.
Charles Reed (Deputy of the ward of Farrinedon
Within, and son of the late Rev. Dr. Andrew Reed),
has issued an address as a candidate to represent this
borough, having received a requisition signed by a large
body of electors. Mr. Reed states that he has sprang from
the people ; his life has been spent amongst them ; his
sympathies are with them ; and his highest ambition is to
serve them. The guiding principles of his political life
have been freedom in trade, liberty in religion ; and for
these principles he wishes to secure the fullest develop-
' men. He is of opinion that the large extension of the
franchise conceded by the reform bill requires a more
equitable distribution of seats than could be carried in the
present House of Commons, and that for the free exer-
rise of the suffrage the voter must have the protection of
the ballot. He is opposed to all compulsory exactions,
and to the appropriation of public money, for religious
rupees ; and in the interests of religion and of justice,
desires the gradual adoption of those measures of religions
equality which will tend to harmonise existing differences
between churchmen and dissenters. He would seek the
repeal of all taxa which interfere with the industry, and
pees unduly on the resources, of the people. He be-
lieves centralisation to be opposed to the free spirit of our
municipal institntlons,and is in favourof load self-govern-
ment. He would open the national universities to all
without distinction of creed. and support any manure for
the impartial disendowment of all religious bodies in Ire-
land.

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, JULY 19, 1867.

OUR CONTEMPORARIES.
(rfils DAY.)

flit Erfurt.

OSBORNE, JOLT Is.

Her Majesty and the royal family, with the
exception of Prince Arthur end Prince Louis of Hesse,
who accompanied the Sultan back to Portsmouth,
returned to Osborne yesterday afternoon at half•past five
o'clock, after the naval review.
Prince and Princess Louis of Hesse left Osborne for
London this morning, attended by Baroneas Schenck and
Captain Westerweller.
_ BUCKINGHAII PALACE, Jeer 18.
-- ---

The Viceroy of Egypt, attended by Rughed Psalm and
Major-General F. Seymour, C. 8., visited the Sultan at
Buckingham Palace this afternoon, when his Highness
took leave of his Imperial Majesty, on his departure from
England. His Highnem left soon after for Dover.
Later in the day Prince Louis of Hesse, attended by
Captain von Westerweller, visited his Imperial Majesty.
Youssoutf Traedin Effendi, attended by Abmed Bey,
Salim Bey, and Colonel Hon. A. Liddell, drove out in a
carriage and four to the Crystal Palace, and afterwards
visited the Thames Tunnel.

Shortly before seven o'clock the Sultan, accompanied by
the Imperial Princes, and attended by the principal mem-
bers of his suite as well as by the gentlemen specially
appointed by the Queen to attend on his Imperial Majesty,
went in state to Guildhall, to be present at the grand
entertainment given by the Lord Mayor and Corporation
of the City of London.
The Great Officers of State of her Majesty's Household
were in attendance at Buckingham Palace on his Imperial
Majesty's departure to the City.
The royal body guard of the Yeomen of the Guard lined
the hall and staircase of the palace as the imperial party
passed to their carriages.
A guard of honour of the Soots Fusilier Guards was
mounted in the court of the palace, and an escort of the
Royal Horse Guards accompanied the imperial procession
(consisting of ten of the Queen's carriages, with the ser-
vants in state liveries) from the palace to Guildhall.
The band of the lit Life Guard', under the direction of
Mr. J. Waterson, was in attendance at the Palace this
morning, and played a selection of music.
The Prince of Wales, attended by Captain Ellis, went to
Dudley-house this afternoon to take leave of his Highness
the Viceroy of Egypt.
The Prince of Wales, accompanied by the Prince and
Princess Louis of Hesse, and attended by Baroness
Schenck, Hof Marshal von Westerweller, General Sir
William Knollys, viscount Hamilton, Hon. C. Wood, and
Captain Ellis, was present at the Lord Mayor's entertain-
ment to the Sultan at the Guildhall.

Their Royal Highnesses afterwards went to the Belgian
volunteer ball at the Agricultural Hall, Islington.

A deputation from the Eut Riding of Yorkshire Cham-
ber of Agriculture, consisting of Lord Hotham, M.P., Sir
H. Edwards, M.P., Mr. Waterhouse, M.P., Mr. G. Holmes,
and Mr. E. Riley, had an interview with Lord Robert
Montagu, M.P., at the Privy Council-office, yesterday,
to suggest the advisability of branding all cattle on their
arrival from abroad, with • view to prevent their being
sent into the interior of the country.
A deputation from the guardians of the Todmorden
Union, consisting of Mr. Joshua Fielden, Mr. Buckley, Mr.
Dugdale, Mr. L. Fielden, Mr. Ashworth, and Mr. John
Fielden ; and also Mr. E. Akroyd, M.P., Mr. Hornby,
M.P., and Sir Francis Crossley, M.P., bad an interview
with the Earl of Devon at the oSos of the Poor-law Board,
Whitehall, yesterday.

Tau QUEEN'S HEALTH.—We have good grounds
for stating that the absence of her Majesty the Queen from
public evening festivities is really due the fact that agita-
tion, over-worry, or much talking in the evening is fol-
lowed by restless nights, most distressing sick headache,
and sense of great exhaustion.—Laracd.
Tess Pm/wafts or WALES.—We understand that
after consultation with Dr. Jenner and Dr. Sieveking,
the physicians of the Princess of Wales, it has been ar-
ranged that her royal highness will visit Wiesbaden at the
close of the present season. The waters of Wiesbaden
(like those of Bath or Buxton) enjoy considerable repute
in convalescence from rheumatism.—Britiak Medical
Journal.

His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge will
give a grand entertainment to his Imperial Majesty the
Sultan this evening at Gloucester House.

M. and Madame Van de Weyer had a dinner
party on Monday, consisting of the Bishop of Massachu-
setts, Lord and Lady Wensleydale, the Dean of Wastminster
and Lady Augusta Stanley, Mr. and Hon. Mrs. Lowther,
Mr. and Miss Helps, Mr. and Mrs. Walrond, Mr. Motley,
and Mr. Holtzman.

Yesterday the marriage of Mr. Hector Stewart
vandelenr, lase of the Rifle Brigade, eldest son of Colonel
Crofton Moore Vendsleur, M.P., and lady Gram Vends.
leer, of Kihash, county Clare, and Mies Charlotte Foster,
eldest daughter of Mr. William Ortne Foster, M.P., of
Stonrton Castle, Staffordshire, was solemnised at St.
Paul's, Knightsbridge.