The Express.
London, England, 1860-10-24 00:00:00

the world to •

lasting peace.

Such

of poilei, AS bent= of

reign hope of all noble minds. It is nu eT-i—he 1
great thoughts and sublime anticipations nide
society cannot but cherish, which b~loojt iii
race, and must re-appear at intervals in the MAW
of the world. But, like other great ideas, it nay
be discredited for a time by a superficial interpreta-
tion of current events ; or it may be vulgarised and
deleeded by the noisy patronage of men who do
net understand its true meaning or conditions.
This is exactly what has happened with regard
to this great idea of peace which the victorious
soldier of Italy presents in a practical stage to the
consideration of Europe. It has been taken up and
adopted u a kind of watchword by men
who

have been unable to discriminate between a
germ that can only be gradually developed under
favourable conditions, and a system that is to be
carried into effect at once irrespective of all midi-
tiona. Those who hastily adopted the programme of
peace at any price fell into this error. They mis-
took both the end and the means of a truly pacific
policy. They desired it not so much for its own
sake

as for the sake of the incidental mercantile
eivantages it offered. And they tried to secure it
at once by a kind of rude coup de main, instead of
patiently helping to bring about the moral
and social changes which are essential to its
establishment. Peace can only be secured by
gradually destroying the chronic elements of war.
The experience of the last ten years in Europe
allows that the most prolific of these elements is
the cruel oppression of large-gifted and gallant
nationalities. Till the more cruel and violent
of these public wrongs are reduced, it is vein
to expect permanent peace or security. Some
degree of national freedom is thus amongst the
first and moat essential conditions of lasting inter-
national concord and security. The hasty and
shortsighted friends of peace, who were willing to
purchase it at the price of national degradation,
thus mistook the shadow for the substance, and
cried vociferously Peace, peace, when there was and
could be in reality no peace. On the other hand,
the hard and shallow interpreters of current
events, who ridicule not only the peace
party but the notion they imperfectly
represent, are equally short-sighted. Their
view is just as narrow and they are just as
much deceived as their opponents. Because there
was peace for a few years, some well-meaning en-
thusiasts said there would be no more war. And
because war has broken out again, a few equally
shallow cynics sasert with equal confidence that
settled pesos is a delusion and a dream. To
those who extemporise a fresh philosophy of his-
tory to meet the changing telegrams of every
twenty-four hours this may be a satisfactory con-
clusion—but to no others. Not the mere fact
of war only, but its causes and conse-
quences, must be taken into account if
we would justly estimate its bearing on
the general question of peace. Italy has
been the theatre of war for two years past,
but who, save the shallowest observers, would say
that these events inaugurate a new era of struggle
• in which all the nations of Europe will appear
in arms once more I Old Peninsular generals
and Tory historians of modern Europe
may naturally enough indulge and propagate
this congenial delusion. But all who
really understand what has taken place in Italy,
know that these victorious campaigns have done
more towards securing the permanent peace of the
Continent than any European war for a thou-
' sand years. And GsausaLor, who has helped to
' accomplish so much for the cause of peace, is
' well entitled to submit to Europe a project for
averting the devastating wars which have arisen
" I from " the selfish maladministration of the pri-

" waved and powerful classes," and to say that
"such a project can no longer be placed among
" the dreams and Utopian schemes of sanguine
" men."

The QUOSS end the Prince Consult, aPeaorpenind

by the eised Dales Michael sad tre amid niKe;s. O
Feodorowns of Kosais, and t►e Primer Alice, Whams
'Jolene, PrialMil Louise, sad .the Primes. of Laininges,
drove out is open oarrieges paisley afternoon. Is attend•
Inc. were the Lsdy-in•Waitlaj.Ysdara'aad ILsdemoiselle
Phllosoplioff, the Hen. Caroline Cavendish, Ysjorlhasrsl
the Hon. C. Grey, is Comte Zouboff, ls Comte LameWl,
I. Baron Walloon, la Capitazus Nowitaky, and Halm De
Plat.

The following visitors arrived at the Castle in the after•
noon .—The Duke of Cambridge (attended by Lisetenert.
Colonel Clifton), the FAA and Countess Spencer, Lord John
Rummell, and Viament Palmerdos. _ •

In the ems* the visite,' staying in the Castle dined
with her Majany. The party aleo Marled the Primers
Alice, the Hereditary Prince and Primes of Holeteis
Angustenbourg, the Lady.in.Waiting to the Hereditary
Princess, Lady Oiroline Barrington, the Hon. Mrs. Grey,
Colonel the Sc.. Mr C. aad Miss Phipps, Colonel the Hon.
A. N. Hood, Major.Cineral and Lady Emily Seymour, the
Hon. Mrs. T. M. Diddalph, Mr James Clark, fin George
and Lady Casper, Liestenant-Colonel hillier, commanding
officer Royal Horse Guards; Colonel Dalrymple' command.
log officer 2nd battalion Boots Fusilier Guards ; Major
Elphinotone, R-L, and Mr. Woodward/
The dinner was served in the Waterloo-gallery.
The band of the Scots Garda played the follow-
ing selection in the monis t

Me /taller Karel tamagell W A.l. God-
Selection, ^ irmilas"
Wslleoe.
Valise, " Reese Laurent.
Belootion, " tionvealr Citable"
Polka, "Scots llrseMer Geerda"

Her Majesty's private band perfornuriaMer dinner in the
Throne Boon the

OMNI% "IA Due Moose" A
nd.
311210WIAB•
Hardy.
Neyerbeer.
Vogt.

law Qug asampalai by as Grand Duchess Olp
Feoderowna, the Pelmet Alia, awl Prisms Leirdngen,
walked in the Home Pack We morning, sad ,idled the
Daiwa of Sent at Prepare. The royal party after-
was* drove to the Cheilh

The Prises Oar" asompaied by the Grand Duke
Michael, the Dated Ossalsidge,asd the Hereditary Prince
at Holstein Augudeobourg, went out shooting, attended
by the Gentlemen-in-Waiting. Earl Spencer bad the
honour to accompany the royal party.
Prime Leopold aim Princes Louise took a ouriap drive.
The Grand Duke Michael and the llama DMIIINOS Olga
Feodorowea of Roses took haw d bee lisieekt, the Prince
Consort, and Royal Family, sod left the Castle in the after
ttoon, attended by tho ladies end gentlemen of their suite.
The Princess of Leiningan aeoomputied the Imperial party.
The Duke of Cambridge, attended by Lieutenant-Coloael
Clifton, also left the Castle.
Lord John Russell and Viscount Palmerston took their
departure to the forenoon.
lady ilaodonald has succeeded Lady Churchill as lady-
in-waiting to her Majesty.

Deviatehes were west from the Colonial-odic* yesterday
to the Genneore of Gibraltar aad Yalu, tad the settle-
ments oa the writ cent of Africa.

Their Imperial Highnesses the Grand Duke
Maisel of RiWill Mid the Green Deakins Olp Foodorowns
has, rolossed to Claridp's Hotel boot visiting her Majesty
at WiedeorOattla

The Prime of Santo Mauxo and the Duke of
Citrigliaao bare taken their departure from the Brunswick
Hotel, Jennynetreet, for Paris, en route for Italy.
Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge
sod the Princess Mary leave Cambridge Cottage, Kew, to-
day to pen a few weeks at Brighton.
The Marquis and Marchioness of Normanby are
seposted to return to town in a few days frost visiting the
Earl and Comtism et Hardwick., at Wimpols Hall, Cam-

bridgeahire.
Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston will leave
town to-day for Mr. Beckett's seat near Leah, where the
noble viscount and viscountess intend to stay till Saturday,
and then go to Melbourne, her ladyship's seat in Derby-
shire.

The company now at Brighton include Sir Charles
and Lady Young, lard Oranstoun, Earl and Countess
Spencer, the Dowager Lady Henley, the Earl of Kenmore,
Iday Elm Browne, Baron and Lady Clannell, the Earl
end Cowden of Cardigan, Lord Clourreasy, Viscount
Andover end Colonel Onseley FOgglas, lady Loath and the
Hon. Mime* Plunkett, lady Mary Hood sad the Hon. Mile
Hood, Lord Moutgemerie, the Holt. William Monson, M.P.,
the Hoe. Spencer Lyttelton, Mr. and Mrs. John Forster,
Mr. Charles Dickens, &c.

Mr. Walter, 81f.P., hay been for some flays in the
neighbourhood of 'MBank on a visit to the Lord Bishop d
the diocese. During his stay the hon. gentleman has paid

•ides of inspection to

-the model scshOoli,

sad other 1;:ma1 institutioni

On Monday night Mr. Dunlop, M. P., addressed his
sonstitusate is the New Town Hall, Greenock. Though
the weather was unpropitious, the attendance was large
and respectable.
On Monday Sir Wm. Atherton, her Majesty's
I Solicitor-General, laid the foundation-stone of • new Primi-
ties Methodist Chapel, at Durham. The learned gen-
tleman alluded to his education among • kindred body,
which, in comma with the primitive methodists, traced
He secular origin to John Wesley, and devoutly wished sue-
ors to the nadeetaking. A sole*, in connexion with the
event, followed in the evening, at which the recorder occu-
pied the chair.
We (Cork Herald) can state, on credible autho-
rity, that one of the earliest measures to be introduced by
the government during the next session will be • hall for the
abolition of the office of Lord-Lieutenant al Ireland.

The Dublin Freeman announces, on the authority
of • special telegram, that the government has given
'orders to have the brigade brought home." Tide state-
ment may be true, bet it is more likely to be • feeler thrown
est by the friends of the " heroes," to try and extract from
the authorities some definite information as to their inten•
Mons relative to the brigade.
An exposition, which will be interesting to Eng-
lish mannfeeturees, is to take place at Tertian on the
17th, the day fixed for the visit of Ring Leopold to that
city. The articles exhibited are to ooa•ist entirely of the
produce c 4 the place—woollen cloths, woollen yarn, ma-
chinery, metals, and coal. The interest of the ceremony
•riew from the circumstance that not one of the articles
thus exhibited have been got up with • view to the exhi-
bition, and the obligatsee imposed upon each manufacturer
to being forward a specimen of each tas•e be produces.
The King of the Belgians, the Duchess de Bra-
bant, and the Coital de Mendes, arrived at Antwerp on
Sunday afternoon. At night the oity war brilliantly illu-
minated, and • grand ball was given at the Theatre dee
Variitaks, which was splendidly fitted up for the °voodoo.
The entrance of the royal party into the box prepared for
their reception was the signal for a general burst of ap-
plause, which was again renewed when they left the house.
Tax WILL ON m LA?Z RIONT HON. Jaen
WILLSON. —The will of the late Right Ron. James Wilson,
the financial Weider of the Indian Council, who died at
Calcutta is August last, hes just been proved at the
Probate Court, Doctors' Commons, by his executors,
through Newry. Preston and Webb, of Carey street,
Linooln's•ine-fields. The will is written on twelve *bode

of paper, and was executed shortly before the right hon.
gentleman left for India. He appointed his three brothers,
Er. Welter Wastlirie,Jobit as& Mr. George
Wises, et Hos his assentors and trustees, and
a eman us Begehot. The personalty is sworn
snider 35,0001. After some mall bequests, the trustees sre
=erat to realise his real and panacea arias ; hut
lms • life amenity of 5001. and a part of his iodate,
If the same should exceed a certain amostet, for her asps
Mb. sin. Els =sty is to he dleided squally among him
sic es to their claims.
Thed=t4expreemsnitemlfaceihrillownible to his trustees
eoetbialthe lasavatie spforsper swig the present
editor, WM established by Wm. Two of the
danghten of trrteslatsr are inaniad, and there are Mori-
sco' in the wall as to the share they ere to take with his
ether Whim.
WitITAltaLL. OCT. 22.—The Queett bait been
*seed to appoint hyena Pigott, E.q., to be lieutenant.
I=rthe Isle of Err,, in the room of the Honourable
Hope, resigeed.—tiesette.

FORMGN OPTIC; OCT. 20. —T h e Queen hag been
pleased to approve of Mr. William Buys as consul at
Hobart Town for the Free Haneeatic city of Hamburg.
GlezeUe.

(non no ows o 0 .1
NAPLEB, Ocr. W.

•
Cajasso and the vicinity have been evacuated by
the royalist troop'.
The line of the Volturno has been abandoned for
that of the Garigliano.
The national flag floats on the heights above
Capita.
Hopes are entertained that Capua will be shortly
evacuated.

We (Timm) have received the following telegram:
" lure's divisiou has received orders to be ready
to start by sea : destination not known.
"The Hungarian Legion is to form part of it."
NAPLES, Ocr. 23.
that the Hari-

An official despatch
baldiana have entered Capna.
King Victor Emmanuel has arrived at laernia.

THE FRENCH POLICY IN ITALY.
PARIS, WID3IIBDAY.
••••nnet publishes an article *dad
_ _

"French Policy in Italy," and signed by its
editorial secretary.
This article, which is considered semi-official,
oommenoes by energetically repelling the accusa-
tions brought against the government of the Em-
peror by those who reproach him for not inter-
vening in Italy against the revolution, and by
those who wish to see him sustain the Italian move-
ment at all began's. French policy could not,
without compromising its moat incontestable prin-

oiples and its essential interests, bold either one or
the other of the two lines of conduct. In taking
part against Italy the Emperor would betray his
origin. Be would lose the character he holds from
universal suffrage, by which he was elected, and
would divest himself of the authority necessary
to a sovereign of France for the good
of Europe. The more he is equitable to
peoples the greater is tho service rendered by the
Emperor to the principle of authority. Besides, an
intervention could only be a military occupation of
the peningula. What would Italy, England, and
Europe have said ? They would have looked upon
the peninsula, thus protected, as a French Italy.
The other attitude was equally impossible and
dangerous. It would have made us an accomplice
of the revolutionary state of things. It would have
caused us to break with Russia, Prussia, and
Austria, and have brought us to a general war.
The Emperor would thus have changed his rile.
Moderator of the revolution, he would become its
chief. Pacificator of Europe, he would become its
terror. Arbiter in questions of political equilibrium,
he would lose the titles of his competency. Repre-
sentative of national will, he would become a mere
party instrument. Thus France could neither
support revolutionary intentions nor absolutist
reactions in Italy. What line of policy should she
follow ? Here the article enters upon considera-
tion of the political conditions of each of the
great powers of Europe, and, having reviewed the
state of things in Italy, it draws the conclusion
that a congress is possible, and defines the part
France would take therein. The article con-
cludes :—" An organised and powerful Italy is
henceforth to the interest of Europe. In cor.se-
crating it by an act of high jurisdiction Europe
would show as much prudence as justice."

Yesterday evening the coramisearpgerieral received
through the Goldsionises of Orvieto • letter from General
°oyes sissismobsig the occupation of the town of Orvieto by
the Few& The effect of the extenaioa of the French
osestpefiles has been most melancholy. You know how the
Mk* peestesioa of Viterbo was effected. The French
woe received with resignation in the midst of • dead
chum e, and in a town depopulated by emigration.
lb, erigraats from the town of Viterbo alone
snout to 1,700. Amongst these are artisans in
poi Amponstaocce, who have shut up their shops and
ermassil these livelihood rather than spin rehab to
a ikeninatitai from which they believed themselves to have
been freed for ever. The emigrants of the rest of the pro-
vince of Viterbo and of that of Cameros, which surrounds
Rome, amount to 1,500 or 1,600. When this letter
reaches you this number will be exceeded, for every day
, the number of the emigrants increases. A decree of the
commissary-general has provided lodgings for these 3,000
persons, by giving them the convents for their residence.
At Orvieto the French general will meet with the same
reception as at Viterbo, the wine silence, and the same sub.
mission. He will not perhaps find the gates open, though
no one dreams of preventing his entrance, but a difference
is made between the occupation of Viterbo asd that of
Orvieto. It is understood, as regards the former, that *re
might be motives of public policy in this me, NA Ve hi
resigned in putting faith in the liberating flag of Frame.
But for Orvieto, will it be the same? One would think
not, and serious indications had strengthened the
hope that Orvieto would remain free. They ask
the object of this extended military occupation.
By what good luck should the priest., who have a
marked hatred of everything French, be benefited at the
expense of the friendly populatious, who see in the Fres*
army a glorious agent of the liberation of Italy?
The emigration from Orvieto will not be lees considerable
than that from Viterbo. Can any normal state result
from an antagonism so marked between a people and its
sovereign ? The Pope only enters into deserted towns ;
everywhere the authorities that be has instituted are pre-
ceded by the quittance of the country of all that is intelli-
gent and energetic in the population. It is sufficient to
establish such a state of things.

ANCONA, Ocr. 22.
A decree has been issued convoking the popular
assemblies fur the 4th and sth of November to
♦ote on the question of annexation.

THE NEW AUSTRIAN CONSTITUTION.
The Merle has the following observations upon
the new Austrian constitution :
We greatly doubt the intention of the Austrian govern.
moot to seriously early out the measures it has just decreed :
we remember the difcrent promises and projects of oon-
stitutiens with which people have been deceived during the
last twelve years. The promises are slimy' violated, the
projects never realised. We h►ve reason to think that
these institutions, for their anthem will not give them the
mine of a cunatitntinn, will be fully as vain and deceptive

es previous ones. They have only been promulg♦ted to
captivate public opinion at the moment the Emperor of
Austri► is vainly seeking to draw the Emperor of Russia
into a serni-offensive alliance, which may enable him once
more to try his fortune in Italy. The sending of General
Benedek and the Archdukes Albrecht and William into
Venetia gives the concessions, apparently made to public
opinion, a meaning which it is imposeible to mistake.

HUNGARY.
PESTH, OCT. 23 (Evening).

This morning the garrison marched out for a
review ; General Benedek took leave of the troops,
and addressed them in a speech.

The proposed illumination of the city did not
take place, by desire of General Beuedek, who
stated that it would be better to present the costs
of the illumination to the army.

ROME.

ROME, Ocr. 91.

The departure of the Papal nuncio from Paris
book plaoe in consequent* of orders received from
Rome.

Today the Duke de Grammont had an extraor-
dinary audience of the Pope.
General Lamoriciere will leave Rome with full
hunourg.

The enrolmenta for the Pontifical army con-
tinue. _ _ .

•The Papal Exchequer is not destitute of funds,
and the government entertain great hopes concern-
ing the Mimi of the interview at Warsaw.
Signor Catrofiano bar been sent to Warsaw by
the King of Naples.
The French have occupied Montalto, and will
occupy Orvieto in the course of next week.
Two thousand Italian Volunteers are still in the
province of Viterbo.

swo
4
• 41. D lI\TG 0 4 4
&MIL I
peltdalitled INTELLI k ' 3•, blialied by the Sieele, testi-
s period is the dream to the 1... arity of the French occupation
of —e— the Roman states :
psopirmi, and the sole-
wrfThica cianz. 0r,.. a RETREAT OF THE NEAPOLITAN MOO • z Plarau, Oct 18.