The Express.
London, England, 1859-01-04 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EMING, JANUARY 4, 1859.

elements from combustion, and that at his command •
all Italy is prepared to rise. There is cunning and
purpose in this flattering lie—for lie it is, so
far as the restraining power attributed to
LOUIS NAPOLEON is concerned. The partisans of
legitimacy and of the status quo are moving heaven
tad earth to dissuade the nephew of NAPOLEON from
crossing the Alps. With the exception of Russia,
which has her own resentments to wreak and her own
ulterior projects to promote, all the leading Cabinets
of Europe are busily engaged in spinning a huge
spider's web of cajolery in which they hope to catch
hisporrenu Majesty. We only hope that our own
Government may not commit itself too far for timely
extrication and retreat from this unworthy work.
Lord DERBY= never be told too often that England
will have none of it. Any accident may set the
Italian Peninsula on fire from one end to the other ;
and in such an event the King of SARDINIA
has no choice but to head the movement or be over-
whelmed by it. To expect Nsroutox 111. to stand
by unmoved under such circumstances is mere
fatuity. He may not, either publicly or furtively,
take any step to precipitate the crisis; he may pos-
sibly think it a fine stroke of policy even to promise
not to do so, and if he promises he may keep his
word. But he is no more answerable for what may
happen in Italy than he is for the change of the
weather, and, when the critical hour arrives, he
will naturally declare himself freed from
obligations whose whole basis will have been
changed. If, in the sequel, England desires
to exercise any moral or material influence
for good, her duty and policy now is to
abstain rigorously and impartially from all par.
ticipation either in aggressive or defensive plot-
tinge. We do not choose to go warfaring with a
despotic Ally in favour of Italy's nationality; and
we are thoroughly resolved not toga warfaring in
equally bad political company against it. The
British Government could have no security that in
the event of successful joint-intervention by arms,
France would agree to the establishment of consti-
tutional freedom in the Peninsula ; and it were in-
sufferable that a second time during the life of one
generation we should spend our blood and trea-
sure to rid Italy of one form of despotism only to
hand her over to another.

ITALY.

SARDINIA.

(11011 OUR OWN COHRZSPONDINT)
TURIN, Die. 28, I&58.

There is no relaxation here in those preparations
which seem to indicate the likelihood and proximity
of war. Besides some extraordinary efforts for sup-
plying the army with clothe. and other requisites,
the workshops of the military arsenal are busy
getting ready some new field-batteries.
The day before yesterday General Garribaldi was
summoned from Nice to Turin by a telegraphic
message. You are aware that this retired officer
enjoys some celebrity on account of his military
deeds in Spanish America, bat much more for
the fine defence of Rome in 1848 against the French,
in which exploit he was the chief performer. His
principal talent, however, consists in the training
and management of guerilla troops. Having long
ago broken off all connexion with the party and
tenets of Mazzini, he has given several proofs of
attachment to the Sardinian government, and being
himself a man of action, as the phrase goes, his
sudden call to Turin is not devoid of interest.
It has come to my knowledge that he was
questioned upon two points.—First, how, in case of
war, he would set to work to organise and mobilise
a national guard? Secondly, how and in what
space of time he could raise bodies of volun-
teers, so uto have ten thousand men ready for the
field ? Garribaldi has already returned to Nice where
be usually resides, and where he will wait for fresh
orders. I think lam likewise correctly informed
respecting another very significant circumstance.
Yesterday the banker Franchetti, a son-in-law of one
of the Rothachilds, Ido not know precisely which,
signed in the name of that house a contract—a con-
ditional one, I believe—for the purchase of the Sar-
dinian railways belonging to the government.
These particulars and others more circumstantial,
on which I maintain silence, keep up the
general opinion here, that extraordinary events
are not remote. Now, although the political
horizon may appear cloudless, more serene indeed
than ever, there are many persons here who, like the
old and experienced pilot, say, "Do not be
too confident, there will be a storm to-
morrow." The Sardinian government has a sort of
dispute with that of Austria about a treaty between
the two countries for the suppression of smuggling,
but this cannot become the cause of any serious con-
test, particularly now that the Austrian government
has come to regard every subject so smilingly. It
seems clear that they have sent instructions, not to
say orders, to the Duke of Modena, advising or re-
quiring him in future to be more courteous and ob-
liging. The secret intercourse between the Sardinian
court and that of the Tuileries is sa actively carried
on as ever, but it is entirely removed from the pale of
diplomacy,
In the meantime, the effervescence in the minds of
the people is spreading rapidly over the whole of
Italy. Lombardy has re-attained the same pitch of
excitement she reached in 1848, but with this differ-
ence, that whereas at that period the middle and
lower classes remained cold, they all share now in
the deep irritation of the higher orders. Nevertheless
there is • conviction that partial and sanguinary
Cella icts will not take place, because the agitation, if
we may call it by that name, has prudent and provi-
dent chiefs to direct it. On its aide, the
government is carrying out a system of
tolerance and mere defence. General Stadion
said the other evening at the Duke of L.'s, that in
the present Mate of the Lombardo-Venetian king-
dom it was of no use having recourse to imprison-
ment and shackles ; the question could only be
solved on the field of battle at the cannon's mouth.
The signs of public hostility and of the strict feeling
of union obtaining amongst all classes are growing
more palpably distinct. The most circumspect and
far-sighted leaders of this huge conspiracy, which as
yet can only be termed a moral and pacific one,
were not desirous of seeing the determination to

abstain from smoking persevered in any longer,
being of opinion that it would necessitate frequent
collisions with the police. But the people at large
will not have it otherwise, so that now, from the
Ticino to the Luso, smoking has ceased.
At a town in Lombardy there was just now an an-
nouncement in the playbills, that on that evening
would be performed at the theatre a comedy by
Brofferio, a deputy to the Sardinian parliament. The
crowd was immense, and incessant cries were raised
in honour of the Piedmontese, of King Vittorio
Emanuele, and of his Chamber of Deputies. The
police endeavoured, but in vain, to put an end to the
shouting, and so orders were given for the dropping
of the curtain. These demonstrations harm no one,
but the assusination committed at Pavia, of which I
spoke in my last, has afflicted every right-minded
person. You have already learned that all the
I students of that University have been sent home,
and the decree for shutting it up is generally
expected.
A

worth mentioning is this, that at
Vienna they are no lees persuaded of an approaching
war than we are at Turin. There they think the
recent occurrences in Servia were brought about
through the instigation of France, with a view to
compromise Austria.
The official gazette of Rome, under date of the
24th of December, denies that there is any misunder-
standing between the French and Papal govern-
ments. For all that, the private letters I receive
from influential and well-informed parties residing
in the Eternal City assure me th►t a coolness does
exist between Cardinal Antonelli and the Duke
of Grammont. The latter, who had taken up the
case of the boy Mortara, is extremely mortified
that France's remonstrance and entreaties should
have been so fruitless. On the other side, the Pope
no longer affects to conceal the annoyance occasioned
him by the reinforcement of the French garrison, a
step he had opposed, and which ban been effected in
defiance of his wishes. Another cause of the un-
pleasantness between the two governments is the
fortifying of Civita Vecchia, which the French are
very zealous about, but which is an eyesore to the
Pope. I wrote you word some time ago, that the
French plan at first was to form a military camp,
but the Pope, backed by foreign diplomacy, inter-
posed his veto. Now, under the pretext of the
town's increasing size, they want to connect the new
walls with some military work, which is identical
with what the Austrians are doing at Ancona. A
few days ago, General Goyon presented to Pio Novo
the plan of new works approved by Marshal Valliant.
The Holy Father refused to sanction it, saying that
he had been accustomed to affix his signature in
company with those of other sovereigns, sometimes
,indeed at their head, but never yet by the side
I at a Marshal's. In Rome also, the rumours of
war are rife and excite apprehension. In the
Romagna the exaltation is very great, and se
the government cannot check it, they considerately
let matters take their course. You are probably aware,
that the King of Naples has decreed an extraordinary
levy of eighteen thousand men, and that there is
great activity in his military arsenals. These and
other proceedings would little avail Ferdinand 11.
if war should at any time break out in Italy. He
has conducted the affairs of his kingdom in such a

way that he would be unable to resist the least ex-
ternal shock. I should be sorry to appear to you as
a man haunted by one idea, but allow me to repeat
that English diplomacy has committed a grave error
in not using all its energy and ability to pat a stop
by some means or other to the tyranny of this
monarch. The result of the error is that the finest
and most populous part of Italy lies exposed to the
ambition of foreigners.

INDIA.

THE BOMBAY MAIL.

The Bombay Times of December 9 states that the
intelligence from Oude is extremely gratifying, the
Talookdars universally submitting themselves where-
ever oar arms appear. The chief and most active of
our opponents is Beni Mandoo Sing, bat Lord
Clyde (who entered the city of Lucknow on the
morning of the 27th of November) is threatening
him with an immediate checkmate by the
closing in of our columns upon him. "He
may succeed in forcing himself through the cordon
being drawn around him, bat it will be by leaving
his 25,000 men and 12 guns behind him. Serious
fighting i no longer expected in the province."
Oomrao Sing of Heaths, another rebel notoriety, still
holds out, and made an attempt it is said to surprise
Poorna a short time since. The work of reducing
the province between the Gogra and the Ganges is
proceeding rapidly, the rebel forts being demolished
u they are surrendered.
The teat of rebel power and influence Trans-
gogrs, is still at Boanree where the Beghum and
Ikba Shah hold court. The whole, however, are
reported to be preparing for flight. The miscreant
of Bithoor is still it is supposed on the confines of
Nepaul.

Brigadier Smith reports having surprised Menu
Sing and about 2,400 men, on the 14th of November,
at Kooodry, and having pursued them to Raj pore,
killing six hundred. A forced march of twenty
miles from Mongroulie on the Betwa
brought the troops to within two miles of
Attakaria on the 13th. At four o'clock the next

morning the column started again, and came upon
the enemy at daylight. The surprise was complete,
and the rout immediate. The guns of Blake's troop
arrived at the gallop, and poured in round after round
of grape and canister, the 95th Regt. advancing in
line on the right of the guns and sweeping the in-
surgents before them. The Bth Hussars and let
Lancers were now let loose at the flying mass, and
pursued them for eight miles, accounting, it is said,
for 600 of them. Mann Sing himself escaped by
flinging himself, half naked, upon horseback.
General Grant, on the 2lst November, encountered
the enemy on the other side of the Goorotee, 4,500
strong, and dispersed them, killing 100 men and
taking six guns.

Captain George Hare, commandant of the sth
Infantry Hydrabad Contingent, was shot dead by
a Sepoy on the evening of the Ist inst., whilst sit-
ting in the officers' mess at Ellichpore.
Of Tantia Tepee the Bombay Times reports :

The interest of the war may almost be said to be confined
to the pursuit of this man, who with • body of followers,
supposed to consist of ■bout moo fighting men, besides
women and children, has again oontrived to elude
our troops, and is now supposed to be in Ga-
mest. Parke, whose pursuit of these insurgents over
half of Central India had been hitherto so constantly baulked,
aeons at last to have come up with them by dint of hard
marching, upon the morning of the Ist instant, and to have
given them • severe defeat. The only particulars as yet re-
ceived of the engagement are contained in the following
telegram from the Resident at Bared*.
Brigadier Parke writes as follows from Chats Oodeypore
on the Ist hut :
" The force under ray command attacked the rebels under
Tends Topee and Ben Sahib at Oodeypore at daylight
this morning. The enemy lost at taut three hundred
men, chiefly Irregular Cavalry end Sepoys in British
uniform. Our loss comparatively trifling, not yet ewer-
Mined. No European officers killed. The rebels dispersed
into three bodies; pursuit was impossible, my troops hiving
marched upward, of 200 miles since 23rd November, the lest
20 miles through the densest jungle."
The latest Intelligence received is that Tioatia Tepee hen at
last entered Onzerat, where vigorous effort* are being made
to meet him. Sir Hugh Rose cannot be for behind Parke,
end has with him a powerful and well appointed force. It
will be in the recollection of our readers, that Tantia Topee
was originally attended in his flight by the Rao Saheb (nephew
of the miacreant Nana) and by the Nuwab of Banda.
The Rao still remains with the insurgents, but
the Newel, surrendered himself to Lieutenant Kerr's
force neer Charws on the 17th ultimo, from
sheer inability, it is alleged, longer to sustain
the privations and sufferings of the flight. Whe-
ther the hands of this man ere stained with the actual
murder of our countrymen seems doubtful, end hie fate has
not yet, we believe, been decided upon. The surrender to
Lieutenant Kerr was made upon the single condition that hie
life should be spared until the instructions of the supreme
government were received.
An insurrectionary movement on a small scale has
occurred in Burmah province, in which the village
of Thorantay, distant about ten miles from Ran-
goon, was temporarily in the hands of a band of
insurgents led by a fisherman who announced
himself subsequently as prince. During the

affray the civil officer of the station and his
nephew were wounded, the latter, we regret to add,
dying the day after. The rebels do not appear to
hare been guilty of the excesses which have marked
the revolt in India. "To prevent the possibility of
any assistance being rendered by the Burmese of
Rangoon, the guards were ordered to be strength-
ened, and sepoys were picqueted over the town.
Two steamers were immediately dispatched with all
the available troops, and in a couple of days,
fifty-three of the gang were secured. There
was at first a difficulty in capturing the soi disaftt
prince, but the offer of a reward of a thousand ru-
pees induced the villagers to give him op. He is
now in jail, awaiting only his trial and transfer to
the gallows. In extenuation of his treason, he
pleads instigation on the part of a Burman official
at Wallah, on whom the authorities here placed
much confidence."

DEATH OF BRIGADIER-GENERAL JOHN
JACOB.

(PROM OUR OWN OOKIMPONDINT.)

BOMBAY, Dec•. 9.

News has just reached Bombay, by electric tele-
graph, of the death of Brigadier-General John
Jacob, of the Scinde Home. This melancholy event
took place on the sth instant, at Jaoobabed,l
Scinde, brain fever being the muse of death. At
a time like the present a casualty of this kind is little
less than a public calamity. Brigadier Jacob held
Scindeand the entire frontier in his grasp. The wild
tribes regarded him with mingled feelings of fear
and superstition, and even the rudest of their chiefs
respected his authority and obeyed his mandates.
Brigadier General Jacob was an artillery officer,
having been appointed to the Hone Brigade
in 1827. He was a complete soldier, and
like Napoleon had mastered all the details
and duties of his profession. The Mode Horse, of
which he was for so many years Commandant, are
regarded as the finest troops in the world. Whatever
he undertook to perform he performed well, and
whether we look upon him as a soldier, a general,
an inventor, a philosopher, or a politician, we per-
ceive only the highest and most brilliant qualities.
His death will be deeply and generally regretted.

We (Bombay Times, Dec. 9) have muzh satisfac-
tion in announcing the arrival et a reinforcement for the
miealoes of Weasem India. The Re►. Messrs. Galbreath
sad Hofer and Mrs. Hofer, in count:ion yob the Church
Mimeisnary Society, arrived by the Windsor Cantle. We
believe that Mr. Galbreath will, after the lapse of some

months devoted to the study of the language, mum carp
of the Money Institution, end that Mr. Hofer is destined to
the Jocose/ stake.

AUSTRALIA.

We have received letters and papers from
Melbourne, dated Nov. 19, and from Sydney,
Nov. 11.

The following summary of news is from the
Melbourne Commercial Report, issued by the Mel-
bourne Brokers' Association :

MELBOURNE, Nov. 15, 1848.
There is but little commercial news of interest to repot
for the past month.
At this time of year there is generally considerable activity
in trade, as the rammer meson is the moat impotent one In
point of demand, and all classes of thetrading community are
confidently expecting and prepared for • favourable movement
in business. Instead of that seasonable demand there appear,
to be • settled dullness, from which even the large consumpe
don going forward, end the movements of a few speculators,
affnd no relief, so great are our stocks, and so constant and
heavy the snivels, that but little difference is peroeptible;
and the merchants, as usual, are complaining of the abeam
of Mutineer, and the went of profit attending their opera.
done. In fact, it is extremely doubtful if, for the past two
years, importing has been a profitable business.
Stable's circular advises us of the overpowering shipments
being made from England and elsewhere; but, large as they
are, they fall far short of the actual quantities landed in this
city.

We are not only overstocked with goods, but also with
merchant* and traders, and too little capital to support them,
the result of which is, that In order to keep up a standing
and position to induce consignments, in too many instance*

erroneous statements of the market are sent home, false
hopes of improvement and profit are held ont to shippers,
sal so month after month we have the same tale to tell of
glutted markets, end the same unprofitable results to exhibit.
Many of cur shopkeepers and up-country traders, taking
advantage of the fall in prices, have laid In large stocks d
goods at the reduced rates, more than their ordinary trade
requires, prima continue to fall, and they find themselves
with large stocks purchased at higher rates than those riding
in the market. Competition and very high ratite have re-
duced their profits, and they experience great difficulty in
' meeting their engagements. They are, therefore, not in e
position to enter into much greater liabilities ; extraordinary
high rates of intereetare paid for loans, money becomes tight,
extreme caution is exercised in giving credit, and the baneftd
effects of this system of mending is long felt throughout
the colony. Very much of the depression we are now sof.
faring from may be traced to the extraordinary system cif
indenting lately practised, and the facilities for inordinate
speculation given to men who, possessed of but small means,
having little to lose, are reclaims of consequences, go in to
win largely, or lose &little. The severe losses lately sustained
by many of the firma giving these facilities, will, we trod,
check this unwholesome system for the future.
To account for the continued exams in shipments from
home, in the face of the heavy losses so long sustained, and
the repeated warnings given, is almost Impoesible. It was
formerly the custom of a few merchants to ship immediately
on receipt of advices of a glutted market, as the majority got
slimed and reseed to ship, and the result was generally
satisfactory, am the market had time to clear itself, and so
left the few a Aar margin of profit ; but now it sppeare the
rule for all to continually act upon this principle.

The sites effected by auction have been comparatively
email, with the exception of a heavy sale of brandies and
other spirits, at much lower prices than those previously
ruling, the holders being anxious to gait their stocks before
the advice of the shipments of the new Pelson brandie,
(which are anticipated to be heavy) are received.
The telegraph was opened through from Melbourne to
Sydney on the 30th ult., which has already had the effect of
saainakating prices in the two market., and will doubtlese
be of great benefit to both colonies. The mail from England,
due on the 6th inst., bee not yet arrived. Great anxiety is
felt for the advice! to be received rest-acting the new postal
service, as the inconvenience and lose sustained by the
irreeularities of the late service, it is hoped, will be remedial
in the new arrangement. The &deices of an improvement in
the Engliah wool market have had a very cheering effect; se
many of of our merchants are largely interested. There
bets been considerable competition at the recent wool sales,
and very fall rates have been given, in anticipation, we
presume, of a bother rise—otherwise unwarranted in our
opinion by prices ruling at home.
The extraordinary excitement connected with Port Carle
has completely died away, the reported rich gold Heide
having proved a failure, and after experiencing much suffer-
ing, the greater portion of those who landed have returned,
whilst ship-loads of passengers have come back without
setting toot on shore, several veseels going only ea fee
as Sydney, and on receipt of the bad new* have set ell
foe Robson's Bay. There are still a few
.prospecting at Peet
Curtis, hoping to discover a paying goldrield. This we,
perhaps, one of the nitwit extraordinary end sudden manias
ever witerneed, woe thousands of people rushing away to •
tropical climate, upon the strength of a. mere rumour. As If
in counteraction to the Port Cartia mania, new end rich gold-
fields are being discovered in Victoria, which will eventually
attract a considerable population to our poet. Large finds of
golds are advised as having hemmed* at Buninyong,in Nee
South Wales,
The disputes between the shareholders and directors Mike
National Bank of Australasia continue, but there is not the
woe spirit and determination to oppose the directors mani-
fested, and we expect ere long to see the opposition die
• and the bunk take that favourable position which it
promised at its commencement. The bank is now open for
',weenie, and has lately opened a branch at Echoes, sad
about to open one at Adelaide.
It is feared the unseasonably hot weather we have lately
had will have caused serious damage to our crops; in fact,
we are advised that such hag been the came in many of the
country districts.
The money market is still tight and it is difficult to die-
coact any but really first class bills.
The greatest caution is used by merchants in giving credit,
which, although it restricts huskiest, operationa, must even-
tually be productive of beneficial result/4
The arrivals ;Moats during the past and previous months
have been unusually large. From Sept. 11 to Oct. 2 they
wow 210,994 bushels; from Oct. 2 to Oct. 30 they were
120,300 bushels—Total, 331,194 bushels.
Oar stocks are exceedingly heavy, and the quantities
known to be on the way very considerable. It is thought
that California, Rum* the Bettie, and other northern ports
will supply us with considerably more than we expect ; so
that although a small advance has been muds upon late
pricea by a few speculators, and others interested in keeping
the market up, we arorcely think it will be permanent. The
America horse-feed lot been Californian oats, the connunp-
thin of which hen greatly increased, and several large
pereele hove changed hands lately, at Se. to be. 3d. ; and
but little doing in Seated and Irish. Other descriptions of
horn-feed have been quite neglected. Within the last week
the arrivals have been very heavy. braid.* large parcels by
14111,11, every vernal arriving. !be Dream brought 30,000
bushels, although the published manifest showed only
3,001.1 bags. The Koenig Willem 11., from See
Francisco, in on the 9th, had 34,000 bushels, and more
is to follow. The cargo of the Carrie Leland was
sold, in Sydney, at about 4.. per bushel. At the rats
quoted in San Francisco, viz., 1 dollar 5,5 cents, oats would
pay to sell here at 54., consequently we may expect ship-
ments to continue. The Beau Monde, 1,047 tons, arrived la
the hay on the 11th Met, from San Francisco.
The banks lowered the rate of exchange on the Zed
to par for meaty day. sight bill, on Louden, and purchase at
1 per cent. dircount.
A new commeraial paper is about to be published, to be
called the Melbourne Bootomist.
Since the above was written advice,' have been received,
via Sydney, stating that a awry large amount of shipping
had been laid on at San Francisco for them, colonies, and that
oats were being shipped very heavily,—one vessel slow
bringing about 60,000 hualisia.

CANADA

THE STATE TRIALS.

The Canadian Courts of Queen's Bench and Com-
mon Pleas gave judgment, on the 18th of December,
in the two cases of Macdonell v. Macdonald," and
Mscdonell v. Smith." Each of these two prose-
cutions arose out of the conduct of several members

of the present administration in Canada, who, having
been members of the former cabinet of the Gover-
nor-General, which was dismissed, returned to °See
without the formality of a re-election. The trials
have caused immense excitement in Canada, inarmaoh
as :the Brower-Dorton party considered that what
was regarded as the very unfair displacement:of its
leaders from office formed an additional reason why
the constituents shoald have an opportunity of pass-
ing judgment on those in favour of whom they had
been removed.
The judges were unanimous in arriving at the
conclusion that the accused parties had kept strictly
within the letter of the law, and were therefore not
liable to the penalty for its infraction. With the in-
tention of the legislature in passing the law they
had nothing to do, nor could they recognise any ex-
traneous matter or thing in interpreting the language
of the statute. In all probability these cues will be
sent before her Majesty's Privy Voaucil for Appeal.