The Express.
London, England, 1860-12-04 00:00:00

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LONDON, TUESDAY, DEO. a.

The Supplementary Treaty of Commerce be-
tween the United Kingdom and France has at
length been given to the world. Its general cha-
racter and tenor were already known, and the
trading community have now an opportunity of
judging for themselves how far the details in
which they are so deeply interested correspond
with the description given of their scope and
purport. Thanks to the enduring constancy of
our distinguished Envoy at Paris, and, let us
frankly add, the unswerving consistency and good
faith of the French Minister with whom he had to
deal, the despicable hindrances of jealous and
. . . . _ _

narrow-minded men have at length been one and all
surmounted ; and the vital interests of industry
in France aid England see now for the first time
happily united. Quit seporubit
Nor should we forget how much we aro indebted
to the contributive aid rendered to the principal
negotiators at Paris by those on whose labours
M. It 01:111111 and Mr. COBDEN had necessarily to
rely in the manifold and diversified discussions
over which they presided daring the last five
months, and which may be said to have embraced
an examination of the productive powers and capa-
bilities of the two nations. The name of M. DE
POSCADI u Rootrerrs deserves particular mention
cm the French side, as on mars theta Mr. Maxie;
who was specially selected by the Board of Trade
to represent that department, and than whom no
abler or moss indefatigable representative could
have been found. It is indeed an additional
adillurance of the good faith and good intentions of
the Imperial Government in this matter that
the Ministerial portfolio vacated by the retirement
of M. Maims should have bees oonferred on M.
ni Ft/WADI Lk ROQVITTZ at the moment when
the negotiations in which he was the daily
collatorutetw of M. RUUD ID have been brought
to a suooessful termination. His presence in
the Cabinet is rendered all the more important
in • commercial and financial point of view
on account of the withdrawal of M. FOUL;
whose experience, judgment, and caution have
more than once contributed to the adoption of
temperate and friendly counsels, when there was
need of them. Happily it is of the essence of
great international compacts like that now con-
cluded, that the better they are the harder they
are to be broken, and that the longer they subsist
without interruption the longer they are likely to
endure. Herein they differ signally from the
political juggles and military bargains, family com-
pacts, and secret afliancies which decorated
diplomacy thinks skins worthy of its
coxcomb care. They are contracts between
industrious communities, communities that have
a settled purpose and • great policy to work out by
doing each other inestimable good, and by doing
nobody any sort of harm. The more the
reciprocal benefits thus promised shall be realised,
the more difficult it will be to beguile or betray
either side into words of anger, or acts of quarrel ;
and so far from any thought of limiting such reci-
procation of bsoedte to those more immediately
concerned, the very principle on which free-trade
conventions fundamentally rest implies the expec-
tation and de in at the sphere of their opera-
tion shall be centinzally seeking for. expansion,
until they shall have embraced all neighbouring
nations that have energy to compete and courage
to be free.

And this brings us to the &beetles of two
articles in the long list of enumerated articles
dealt with by the Treaty. The omitted items
are salt and rags. The inadequate supply of the
former article has long been felt in Freibee, so muck
so that the acquisition of certain mines by the
annexation of Savoy was dwelt upon with peculiar
satisfaction in the public discussion of that
measure. At but sight it might appear
that the omission was attributable to that
circumstance. Such we have reason to believe,
however, is not the case. The question of the
supply and consumption of salt throughout
France has been for some time, and is still, the
subject of special inquiry by an administrative
commission ; and until its isorestasettau shall have
closed it would obviously be unreasosable to ex-
pect the Imperial Government to take any final
decision on the subject. We venture to express
oar conviction, however, that in this, as
in so many other important matters of
international trade, N Aro Lao is 111. will
be better than his word. At present we export
annually 692,000 tons of salt, chiefly the produce
of the Cheshire mines ; and we could easily double
the extent of that export if a demand were opened
for it. As an article of freight in the ernes Channel
trade, salt would be a valuable addition to the
many items of bulk that are likely to require addi-

tional means of banrport in 1
Treaty ; and oonsidering that

of what is consumed i;

process of evaporation
doubt that, in pursuance
length initiated, this universal
food of rich and poor will ere long be , upon
its proper footing on the other of the
ChanneL With respect to the raw material for
the menodentetre of paper, it is only neesusery to
my that the French Government desire to
have an opportunity of using it as a
11111111111111 of obtaining concessions in whetter.
negotiations may be entered into with the leflen-
rein and Belgium ; and that by " the
" favoured nation clause," we are certain to Ohl*
all the advantages which they may thus Neap.
They are under the impression, we believe, that
should France permit the export of rags while
other countries refuse to do so, the French manu-
facture of paper might be crippled by the want of
the aliment it requires. In our view the appre-
hension is unfounded ; but we have certainly no
right, considering the tardiness of our own national
growth in free-trade principles, to dogmatize on
this exceptional point with our neighbours ; and
we have reason to trust that in this respect like-
wise another year of European peace will see the
establishment of a complete commercial accord.

Somarse had some difficulty in managing his
wife ; and the Vics-Caanexthon of the ancient
University of Cambridge, with the aid of Primrose
and bull-dogs, finds himself in a serious contest
with the milliners' girls of that town. Indeed, as
I things at present stand, the caps and gowns have
been worsted by the meaten and creatures of
crinoline. It appears that a short time ago •
lively youth, to celebrate the taking of his degree,
issued invitations to a tea-party, dancing, and
what is called " negus," at Shelford, a few miles
out of Cambridge. The intended party was to
consist of about four-and-twenty, ladies and gentle.
men—twelve pairs. The ladies, instead of being
selected from country families in the neighbourhood,
or from those of the Heads of Houses, were chosen
from the private circle of Ecru MRCP, a milliner
girl, whose mother seems to be • respectable
person, and to make her living by cooking. Errs
Emrr had known the newly-created Bachelor of
Arta some months, and she had distributed the
cards of invitation to the other guests. The gen-
tlemen of the party were to be young collegians,
and to proceed to the rendezvous in cabs.
Both at Cambridge and at Oxford there are
corresponding distririe--bearing the significant
names of Barnwell and Jericho. It was from
Barnwell that the party started for the evening's
entertainment. And this fact, together with an
anonymous letter, determined the Pewees., to put
a stop to it. Accordingly, before the omnibus
hired for the oomaion had got out of the town the
PROMOS'; appeared. A well-known " musicisner,
white-headed Boa," and the undergraduates, were
ordered to get out, and the young ladies were
driven off to the " Spinning-Home," where they
were locked up—but, upon further inquiry, set
free, after some days' imprisonment.
In any other town except, perhaps, Oxford,
this proceeding would have been impossible. By
a special law, however, the Proctors at Cambridge
claim the power of arresting any person, espe-
cially young women, " suspected of evil." It is
certainly true that at none of the Scottish Univer-
sities does this power exist. But then it should
be remembered that there is no sort of
resemblance between Scottish Universities and
those in England. In Scotland the students
live with their parents, or with tutors, or
sometimes in private lodgings. The University
authorities are in no way responsible for the con-
duct of the student out of his lecture-room. But
at the English Universities most of the Andante
live within the college walls ; the college authori-
ties are responsible for the morals of all the stu-
dente, and the parents of the young men are dis-
tinctly given to understand that special care will
be taken of the morals of their sons. For this
purpose the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford
have been entrusted with the somewhat anomalous
and extraordinary poems which they ozonised in
the case of Mr. Osc=ar and his young milliners.
Nor can it be truly said that these powers have
proved quite useless. Moreover the special juris-
diction has existed said has been exercised for several
centuries. And there me probably few parents of
any Oxford or Cambridge man who would in
these days be willing to do anything which would
really impair the ability of those who bear rule in the
University to protect impetuous youths against the
temptation to the indulgence of the most imperious
of human passions. Put the circumstances to any
sensible man. Imagine a middle-aged old gentle-
man seated at breakfast with his wife behind the
tea-urn and four blooming daughters at his aide—
jest after family prayers. Tell him that his son at
Cambridge has had a party of eleven of his friends
and a dozen milliner girls of the town, at which
they drank uegus and danced till midnight.
Let the old gentleman be as charitable as Sr.
Part himself it is hardly credible that he should
suspect no evil. U the Psocroes, having the
power to stop such an entertainment, were not to
interfere in such a case, every sensible father of a
family would be up in arms against the authorities
for this neglect of pion-parental responsibilities.
There is little doubt, therefore, that the public
will concur with the jury in saying that the
Psoerome did right in stopping the omnibus, and
breaking up the Shelford party in the suspicion
that it might lead to impropriety or even immo-
rality. But here our approval must cease.
The Vics-Cnaticiazos may have been quite jus-
tified in suspecting EMIR KIST and her com-
panions in the first instance. But he ought then
to have permed the inquiry. It certainly does
appear that neither he nor the Proctors knew any-
thing of the girls or of their characters. This should
have induced caution. Nevertheless, EMU Kea
was at once committed to the Spinning-House for
fourteen days. Before, however, that period
elapsed inquiries had been made. The Vies-
CE•xethioa himself admits that this girl bore a
good character, and being so satiated he ordered
her release. It is cled then that the Vics-Cnix-
althea acted hastily. If he had only made
the inquiries which he made subsequently, he
would have found out ilia mistake. The
opinion of the jury—which wee yesterday morn-
ing
confirmed by the admiasion of the Uni-
versify authorities themselves, insomnia as they I
consented to raise the damages from 40s. to 251.
—is dearly this, that the Vion-Cainestuis and
the ?seeress were wanting in discretion.
The trial in Westminster-hill, however, does I
not deal with all the questions which the arrest of
Emu Kant rains. Attention having been drawn
in the first instants to the manner in which the
authorities of Cambridge University exercise their'
powers, the inquiry is now heard whether those '
powers are in their present extent and reach
really necessary for the maintenance of order in
the University. It is readily conceded that, in order
to keep up discipline in accordance with their
tacit engagement with the wants of the students,

well imglis reconsidering. Exits ICArtr is not the
first ilisiatiff we have lately seen in our courts com-
plaining of the interference of 'the University, and
she will not be the last. It seems that funds are
forthcoming for such prosecutions, and that a
civic feeling of dislike to clerical role, a feeling
as old as our history, prompts a portion
of the local public to support them. The con-
trol which the PROCTORS and the VICE-CHANCELLOR
claim to exercise over the students is self-
explained, but that which they exercise over the
people of the town ought to be justifiable by the
clearest necessity, if it is to continue to exist. At
present we have seen nothing adduced to show
that the morals of the University could not be
just as well sustained if the girls of Cambridge
were left to be dealt with by the magistrates of
that town. It may be that the borough bench
would not always proceed on the principles by
which Vine-Chancellors and Proctors are guided.

Perhaps in this latest cue they world have
thought that the proper person to punish was the
graduate who got up the party, and not the girls
who accepted his invitation. But certainly they
would see that the interests of the town and of
the University are one in requiring the disoour-
agement of incitements to vice and immorality,
since what makes a University town dangerous to
the morals of young men diminishes the gains
of its tradesmen. The -civic authorities
have the strongest motives for enforcing
the laws against lewd women. We are
far from wishing to crest* a prejudice against the
authorities of the University for exercising a
power transmitted from times when opinions and
feelings prevailed with which this age has little
sympathy ; but we very much doubt their ability
to maintain that power in the present day, and we
should be glad to know that they were devising
methods for maintaining order in the University
without resorting to expedients such as we have
lately been made acquainted with, and which, even
if necessary, will always be repugnant to public
feeling.

CEMBER

that one of his ancestors has reigned. over Sicily.
He likewise mentiess the election of the Duke of
Genoa as King of Sicily, in 1848, and the vote of
Sicily in favour of annexation, recently given.
The King promises to establish institutions for
promoting public morality. and to respect the
privileges of the Sicilian church. He concludes by
requesting unity and concord among the people.
NAPLES (via Kam m's), Doc. 1.

The English fleet saluted King Victor Emmanuel
on his departure for Sicily. This act created a
sensation. The fleet has left Naples, in order, it is
believed, to follow the King to Palermo. The
national guard has dispersed the last riotous amen-
blagea of the mob, and the city is now tranquil.
The Marquis de Villamarina has been entrusted
with the direction of foreign affairs.
GAETA. Dec. 1.

General Bosco, in a report to the King, states
that he reconnoitred the valley of Astralina on the
20th ult., and did not find any siege works in
course of construction there. It is denied that the
King has ruptured a blood-vesaeL

BONE, Dam 1.
700 pontifical gendarmes are traversing the
province of Viterbo.
£65,000 sterling of Peter's Pence have arrived
from America.
Aoquapendente, Bagnars, and some other towns
in the province of Viterbo, havkbeen reoccupied by
the French. • -
The Giornale di Roma publishes -Cardinal Anto-
nelli's note of the 4th of November, in order to
rectify the version of this note as given by some
foreign papers.
The Archbishop of Naples has left Rome, having
been invited to return to Naples.

BESS, TUESDAY EVEXMO, DECEMBER
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