The Express.
London, England, 1858-10-06 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 6, 1858.

counties which refer to Norfolk as a leader in tail
path of progress. But there is much more to be
done before the now-expanded agriceltural
imagi-
nation can be satisfied; and yet more, before the
country at large can cheer without hesitation and
reservation, the remarks of speakers at Agricultural
meetings, and even at Harvest-homes. Mr. RUSSELL,
M .P., said at Biggleswade last week that every speaker
at such meetings begins by praising the rule that no
politics shall be discussed, and then immediately
begins to discuss politics, in one form or
another. The remark was cheered ; and it
is a very true one. There has been plenty
of talk, against all rules, of Cherbourg and the
National defences, of a new Reform Bill, of new and
old Ministers, of Church rates, and other matters.
As the old reasons for excluding politics, the
virulence of party in regard to corn-law questions,
and to the supposed antagonism between town and
country, commerce and agriculture, have died out
the rule itself might safely die out too where nobody
wishes to keep it alive ; but it is a question with a
good many people, in both town and country,
whether there are not topic--fresh topics for new
speeches—more tempting and more edifying than
Cherbourg, and the political questions of the hour.
This could not be said of such questions as the
National defences, Reform of Parliament, or Church
rates. if there were any special call to discuss them at
these meetings, or if the mention of them were
worthy the name of discussion at aIL The process
is usually nothing more than an introduction of un-
suitable topics by gentlemen who must say
something, and have nothing else to ay;
whereas the opportunity ought to be "-
signed to those of the landed interest, who
have something to say about the intermits of
the land and the classes which it supporta. At the
recent Harvest-homes, with all their vast improve-
ments oo those of old days, a good deal has been
said, and more has not been said, which proves to
observers that the palmy days of the agricultural
interest lie a good way off in the future still. The
tone used in certain of the addresses to the labourers
is somewhat offensive to readers, and was probably
more so to the hearers. When the landed interest is
duly enlightened, we shall not read of prizes in gold
and silver awarded to orderly peasants-30e. pre-
sented to a man who has brought up eight children
without aid from the parish, and so forth. The
question is, in such a case, on what means has the
man brought up his family? On sufficient or in-
sufficient wages? In one part of the country he
• ; &N. eel n.
another 9a. if he has t 'I fair p1..7 in the their
market, and has used his rights weai, he wilt be
disposed to fling his 30s. at the feet of his
patrons. If be has had to put up with Bs. a week
while every other order of workman has earned
more, if he has been driven to poaching, to begging
or to servility, he has probably been driven also to
the parish, and in any case, a money-gift of 30s.
could be no compensation to him for a life of under
payment of his toil. We trust that another half-cen-
tury will see an end to these rewards for indepen-
dence—as if independence were not a good incom-
mensurable with reward in any sense. Again ; a
good many of us recoil from the preachments ad-
dressed to the labourers, as " You men," and " You
women," who are desired to listen to good advice and
be thankful. Preachers of that order would learn
something useful on their own part, if they could
overhear the comments made out of ear-shot, on ex-
hortation. against vicious indulgence charged
straight home upon the persons present, se respon-
sible for their class—and on lectures to the wives
about making their husbands comfortable. Such
obtrusive and domineering lessons of morality, in-
fi cted by the sons of luxury on the sons and daughters
of toil and privation, are a great disservice to
morality and religion, even where all is done
that the enlightenment of the time admits; but it so
happens that while wives are ordered by a stranger
or a patron to make their husbands comfortable,
there are tens of thousands of cottages in the country
where it is impossible to create comfort. While
men are lectured on the propensity of their class to
indulge in beer, spirits, and tobacco, that same class
sinks down into languor, rheumatism, and fever, by
scores of thousands, through the condition of un-
drained villages, ill-ventilated houses, and the many
grievances of which the labourer may complain, bat
of which the landlord never hears. The Dake of
BEDFORD has preached the best set of sermons
without a word of lecturing—in building a multi-
tude of wholesome cottages. Others have followed
his example, and the more such deeds, the fewer
words of preachment and dictation there will be, to
be criticised and rejected as soon as the great man's
back is turned, and the pulling of forelocks and
bobbing of curtseys is over.
As for unused topics needing discussion at agri-
cultural meetings, vie most pressing seems to be
that order of national defences which most concerns
the agricultural interest—defence against the deterio-
ration of the soil, and the ruin of its owners or culti-
vators. We have repeatedly spoken about the
necessity of carrying into retired districts of the
country the knowledge and skill which are con.
stantly expanding from the great centres of agricul-
tural association. The country would rejoice to see
this topic discussed very fully. How can deptits of
agricultural implements be formed, and brought into
use all over the country, so as to elevate the practice
of tillage on the smallest farms? While we see
that the holders of an allotment field have grown
wise enough (as some have in Wiltshire and else-
where) to hire a steam thrashing-machine for their
joint use by the day, we may anticipate that all
owners and occupiers may be induced in time to im-
prove their methods ; and that meeting would be
distinguished above all others which should show
us how the incitement to improved tillage might
be spread over the whole cultivable area of
the kingdom. That is one object. An-
other is a reform in the Settlement Law,
by which labour may find its level. Another
is an equalization of our weights and meteors*.
Another, of prime importance, is the promotion of
arterial drainage, by which floods may be obviated,
and with them a very large proportion of the disease
and death which afflict rural populations. These an
defences against hunger and poverty, disease and
death, more important than any that Cherbourg
could suggest. These are means of sobriety, of
morale, elevation of character, comfort in the cottage,
and true old English independence, in the presence
of squire or peer, more acceptable ►nd more efise-
five than any words, however well intended, that
ever were spoken de Aaut en bas—imposed by the
patron upon the poor.

A correspondent informs us (Shipping and Mir-
tomtits Gazette) that Lord and Lady Bury, aocompsated by
his lordsh.p's private rearetary, will leave Galway on Thurs-
day next for British North Aunties. Bu ledship meets
the Atlsntic os a miles of great oommeroial and political
Importance, being instructed by the Colcnial•offioe to obtain
theopintou of the legislatures and people of Canada, Nova
Acotia, and New Brunswick, on the proposed onnfsdrration
of the British North American Provinces, which Mr. Carrier
and two other tostobers of the Canadian administration an at
present in this country to argottats.

The Rev. Cornelius Witherby, A. 8., has been
prisferrred, by the Lord Bishop of Glooositter and Bristol, to
the perptaal curacy of Bream. in the Forest of Dena,
atoms by the rasidnatka of the Roe. John B Lock.

COI Court.

BALMORAL, Oar. 8.

Her 'Majesty the Queen and the Prince Consort,
accompanied by the ladles and gentlemen in waiting,
attended divine service in the parish church, Crethie.
The service was performed by the Rev. Dr. Macleod.

Despatches from the Governors of the Cape of Good Hope
N►tal, and Bt. Helena, were reoelved yesterday at the

PORTaIIOI7TH. OCT. 5. Rio Royal Highness
Prince Adalbert, the Lord High Admiral of Freesia, arrived
at Spithead title morning. In his Prussian Majes'y's stoma-
yacht the Grille, Captain Baron von Bothwell, from Ply-
mouth, where he arrived on Saturday evening, from Roche-
fort. Immedi►tely on the Grille anchoring at flpitheed
royal salutes were fired from the Victory, flag-ship, Captain
G. H. Seymour ; from the .eluting battery of the garrison,
sad also from his Preselect Majesty'. frigate Genoa, 48,
Captain Donner. The Vice-Consul, Chevalier Vanden Berg,
paid a visit to him Royal Highness shortly afterwards, as also
did Captain Seymour, who proceeded to Spithead in the Fire
Qom, steam-vessel, Mater Commander Paul. At half-
past twelve o'clock the Grille came into harbour and an-
chored off the Kiog's-staira in the dockyard, where his
Royal Highness was visited by Admiral Sir George Seymour,
the Commander-in-Chief. The Grille will, it is expected,
leave Portsmouth on Thursday next for Hamburg. Caputo
Donor, of the Galion, and Captain Sondewall, of the Thetis,
dined at the residence of the Port Admiral last evening.

Tin DUCHESS Or KENT.—Her Royal Highness
the Duchene of Kent left Abergeldie Castle on Friday fore-
noon and proceeded, by the Eanchory end Neel& railway,
to Aberdeen, where she rested for the night. Resuming her
journey on Saturday, she arrived at Edinburgh, sib Scottish
Central railway, at half-past three p.m. Her royal highness
Is accompanied by Lady Anna Merle Davison, the Hon.
Miss Worthy, and Lord James Murray, and is for the pre-
sent residing with bag suite at Barry's Hotel. Her royal
highness, we believe, proceeds to York on Thursday mora-
-1 ing.—EdosbairgA Courant.

Their Highnesses the Primes and Princess Wo-
ronzaw's handy and suits have left Claridge's Hotel fur
Perk.

Lady Ribbleedale and family have arrived at Far-
ranee'. Hotel, Beigravis.

Lady Berkeley has arrived at the Queen's Hotel,
tipper Norwood.

The Marquis of Bristol entered into his ninetieth
year on Etstarday last, sad, we (Bury Post) are happy to say,
is is good health.

The Right Hon. J. H. Walpole, M.P., Home
Be-
cretary, ta now In Beirut, with some members of his femily,
on a ►isit to Mr. Richard Davison, M.P., et the Abbey. lie
parpeeee to make a short tour in the North et Ireland, and
will afterward' pa► a ►isit to Dublin.

fi5.11.11.1.) ri•op n.i.tg st Erasl,ol4, lit-
dies t'xo Lord-Li rttr....ant of Inland, wa, rim the Earl cal
Countess, of Erne, Lord Otho Fitzgerald, Lord and Lady
Cloncurry, Captain Cockerell, Colonel Donna, Lady L.
Creighton, Miss Fowler, Lord Boyle, Mr. Brinaley Nixon,
kn. Hie Excellency will visit Lord Caatlamaine at lifoydrum
Castle to-morrow (Thursday).
An interesting literary announcement is the
approaching publication of " Fragmentary Remains, Literary
and Scientific, of Bir Hurnplirey Davy, with a Sketch of his
Life, and Selection. from his Correspondence : " edited by
his brother, Dr. John Davy.

During the last quarter, a distinguished French
statesman wished to consult the pages of the Britieh
Quarterly levine. The copy twat for his perusal has been
seised by the officials of the French gorernmenL

The 'larval= oration at the Royal College of
Physicians will be delivered by Dr. Aldis in the easuiag
year.

A correspondent of the Inverness Courier says :
" There has been a perfect swum of English artists in the
western islands and mainland this season Nine of them
gentlemen have been residing for some time about Balla-
chultsh, Glencoe, and the neighbourhood, ' sketching every-
thing from lien Nevis down to black bothies and the petit

The Prinoe of Prussia arrived at Potsdam on
Monday evening.

The Ambassador of Prusaia at Brussels, M. de
Brockhatwea, died on liondey eight at Baden, where he had
been staying for the recovery of hie health.

On Monday all the colleges and principal schools
of Parts re-opened after the annual vacation. According to
custom, the resumption of study wu everywhere preceded
by a mole= mass.

In the sitting of the Germanic Diet of the 30th
ult., the president communicated the criminal returns of
England and Wales fur 1837, which had been transmitted to
him by the Britt..lt Legation.
A letter from Berlin of the tad states that the
King has become conaiderubly worse, and that, one of his
sides having become paralysed, he could only be removed
from one room to another in an armchair.

During a temporary pause in some grand military
mancouvrea at Chalons on Monday, the Emperor, equating
himself from his suite, and accompacied only by Marshal Can-
robert, walked about among the soldiers and conversed with
many of them. The Emperor was to take the command to-
day (Wednesday) and Friday for two grand field days; on
Sunday there will be a plural review of all the troops.
The hiclipendente of Turin declares the visit of
Prince Napoleon to Warsaw to be an event of great political
importance, as being, it thinks, the prelude of an salience be-
tween France, Russia, and Piedmont, hosti;e to Austria.
The Indiperidecite regards the intention manifested by the
Emperor Mr:ander 11. to visit Paris, the facilities accorded
by the Sardinian government to a Amadeu company, and the
augmentation of the French garrison at Rome, as proof' that
such an alliance is in contemplation.

[FROM LAST WIGUT'S GAZETTE]

WAR-01,710E, OCT. S.—The Queen bag been gTa-
°toasty pleased to give orders for the appointment of Rawson
William Button, EN., Colonial Secretary of the Cape of
Good Rope, to be an ordinary member of the civil divianua of
the third class, or Couspenions, of the most honourable order
of the Brat.
DOWNI

, SEPT. 27.—The Queen has
been pleased to direct that letters patent be Issued Indio the
Great Seal for reconstituting the bishopric of New Zeeland,
and for appointing the Right Reverend George Anglin=
Belaryn, D.D., to be bishop of the said re, and metropoltun
of New Zealand ; for erecting the bishopric of Wellington,
sad for appointing the Venerable Charles John Abraham,
Arehart= of Waitemata, to be bishop of the said see ; for
sverlag the bishopric of Welapo, and for appointing the
Venerable William William., Archeescon of Walapo, to be
Mahon of the said see ; fur erecting the biabnpric of Nelson,
end fur appointing the Reverend Edmund Hobbouee, M.A.,
to be =top of the said see ; owl for plaeiss tinder the juris-
diction of the Metropolitan of New Zealand the see of
Christchurch, now wader the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan
of *morello.

DOWNING-STREET. SEPT. 30.—ne Queen bas
ism pleased to appdat Lieutenant-Colin:el Rit hard Clement
Moody, ft.E to be Chief Commissioner of Lends and
Works, and Wyassed Throned Ugnry Hawley. Eset. to be
Collector of Cosaasia tar the colony ut British Culourbia.

ROBBERS SIIIPItISED.—The Corriere Mercantile
elf Genoa relates the following:—"The Governor of Credo,
to the Papal States, having learnt that a gang of robbers bad
arranged • plan for entering the premien of M. Site, • rich
landholder, eecredy despatched a detachment of gendarmes
to sierpri.e and Arne them. The mateures of the authori-
ties were so wall taken that the miscreants were caught in
the very set of holding • knife to M. Site's throat, and
threatening him with 'natant death if he did not immediately
give up all his money end valoables. The geettartnee in-
steady fired upon them, and a sharp cone'ct ensued, in which
the bandiis attempted to cut their way though the soldiers.
At last one, Puolo Poltuml, of Pogetro, being severely
wounded, was arrested; the others ercaped, but being hotly
pureed,i ohs chief, named Patti, was overtaken and arramed.
Four more were arresuel in the course of the night and on
the following day ; the remainder have not yet been die-
covered.

ACCIOITb WANTED.—Yesterday several lath-
tiosal recruiting panes woes rant oat in the usetto.pnik and
suburbs to raise reormits for the Rnyeol Mariam, the Lords of
the Admiralty awing rewired to Masses the strength of the
corps by 5.0(10 men. Led form a &at division of the Royal
Mariam at Pembroke Dockyard. Wales.
A SERSIBLZ CONORZOATION.—The Rev. J.
Richer...loon, Incumbent of St. Mary's, is thee town, pretend
Mat Wednesday. at the Circus, a place secured for divine
worship by the Rey. G. Knepp, Incumbent of St. John's,
Portion, cepeble of holding 2.000 persons or upwards, which
was crammed no the occesece. In the midst of the 'emote
the gee end denly went out. Unlike sumo recent occatenuN
not the slight.** disturbance ensued the congregation wetted
in perf.,•r ettlineen till the ureter woR filled op. mid the gas
wh• o the teverend radeisan proceeded with his
sertuun.—ltuo y

EXPRESN F ItOAl

(11101 t OUR OWN 00ZIMIIPONDIXT.)
PARIS, TUESDAY EVZNINO.

The important news whish, in deference to the
state of public opinion in Paris on the matter, I was
induced yesterday, against a fair amount of evidence,
to speak of as somewhat doubtful—namely, that the
Donawerth and Austerlitz had been despatsied
from Toulon to the Tagus to support the demand of
the French Ambassador at Lisbon for compensation
for the seizure of the French slaver Charles Georges—
turns out to be perfectly true. A Portuguese court
of justice has pronounced the seizure l►wful because
the Charles Georges, • merchantman of Nantes,
was in reality transporting slaves contrary to the
provisions of the international treaty. The French
government says that it was merely aiding in the
laudable scheme of populating the French West
Indian colonies with "free blacks." This fraudulent
scheme the French government, oat of respect to
the expressed indignation of the civilised world,
has tardily promised to renounce. Bat I believe
one of the points now insisted upon is
that the Charles Georges was seized by
the Portuguese before this promise had been
given. Ido not see what this can have to do with
the law of the case. The French government pro-
fesses now to be thoroughly resolved to exact com-
pensation. On the other hand, I have good reason
to believe that Portugal is countenanced by Eng-
land. So far the aspect of the affair would seem to
be very serious. But seeing how quietly the matter
is taken in Paris, I can only look upon the voyage
of these two great ships of war to Lisbon u a very
foolish and idle demonstration. It is a case of mani-
fest forfaisterie, meaning nothing. It may tickle
the vanity of irresponsible people in France to read
in the Nord that "the presence of English ships in
the Tagus will not prevent France from supporting
her dignity in the same waters," but nobody believes
for a moment that the French ships have warlike
orders in any contingency whatever. The only
possible consequence in the present state of affairs of
the appearance of the French ships in the Tagus,
will be to render concessions on the part of the King
of Portugal more difficult. For any good that this
will do towards forwarding a satisfactory result of
the negotiations, their voyage will only be repetition
of the old distich :

The King of Franc*, with twenty thoueand men,

Went up the bill, end tben—osme down again.

.: Abu 14, 6 Asir _ct..
B:ribcy nv,m, tl tt sevc:ll Freochslaven hrd teen
sei...asi by English .gips on the coast of it:rica. It
also says, emphatically, that no such measures as are
imputed by that journal to the Imana of Muscat
and Zanzibar in regard to this affair were taken.
The Bourse opened somewhat heavily, and the
Rents declined as much as 10c., but it subsequently
rallied, and the closing quotations were 74fr. for
cash, and 74fr. 10c. for account, being a rise of 20c.
and dc. Mobilier rose 12fr. 50c. Railways were ou
the whole lower. Orleans, Northern, and Eastern,
fell sfr. each, and Western, 3fr. 75c. Southern
rose Ifr. 25c.

There is a great stir in Spanish funds. Letters
from Madrid state that M. Salaveria, the Finance
Minister, is busy in preparing a new project to be
presented to the Corte', for the definitive regulation
of the debt, and that M. Leopold Werner, the dele-
gate from Paris, to represent the interest of the
creditors, has been very well received.
The Press, says in its weekly co I. mercial review :

The advice@ from our manufectaring districts are very
favourable. Balm have been brisk at Lyons, Saint-Etienne,
B.oubaii, Amiens, Rouen, and la Mattis. The manufac-
turers have sold off all the goods they had on hand, and are
now working entirely to order. Notwithstanding the dear-
ness of raw materials, Rouen and Mulhouse have brooms
very active, and have even obtained more remunerative
prim for their tissues. In Paris the netereautis
shops have begun to sell winter goods, and the
opening of the moron promises well. The Parisian

manufacturere are receiving numerous orders both
from the provinces end from abroad ; sores houses have
been compelled to decline orders, from the imposeihility of
obtaining hands to execute them. The reduction of the
Bank of France discount seems to have produced excellent
effects. We ere muted that within the lea week the appb-
catioes for discount have very greatly increased. We shell
not, however, be in a position to jades accurately of the
effect of this measure till I ortnight hem*. • • Cereals eon-
thine to fall in all the markets, although business Wll/1 almost
at a stand, while it remained uncertain what would be the
deciaion of government In regard to the eliding scale. That,
es we have seen, is only re-established In so far as ciaoorns
exportation, and for the present It remains wholly inoperative.
It would require a rise of Bfr. per hectolitre to bring the
eliding scale into operation; the exportation of grain is at
this moment entirely free.

LORD CANNING'S REPLY TO THE
ELLENBOROUGH DESPATCH.

Two despatches from the Governor-General of
India have been forwarded tone by the direction of Lord
Stanley. In the first, which is addressed to the secret cola
mitue of the court of directors, Lord Canning defends the
whole course of policy be has wined in dealing with the
rebellion in Ouds. The opening paragr►phs r. for to the
personal part of the question. Of Earl Ellenborough's
despatch, it is said.
2. Although written in the secret committee, the despatch
was made public in England three week. before it reached
my hands. It will in a few days be read in every station in
Hiodoetan.

3. Before the despatch was published in England, it had
been announced to parliament by a mini►ter of the crown as
conveying disapproval in every same of the policy indicated
by the Governor-Oeneral's proclamation. Whether this
description was an accurate ens or not I do not inquire.
The telegraph has already carried it over the length and
breadth of India.

4. I need scarcely tell your honourable committee that the
existence of such a despatch, even bed it never passed out of
the records of the secret department, would be deeply morti-
fying to me, however confident I might feel that your
honourable committee would, upon re-consider►tion, relieve
me of the censure which It mum upon me. hull lees neces-
sary is it for me to point out that the publication of the docu-
ment, preceded se it has been by an authoritative declaration
of its meaning and spirit, is calculated greatly to increase
the difficulties in which the government of India is placed,
not only by weakening the authority of the Governer-
General, but by encouraging resistance and delusive hopes
in many classes of the population of Oude.
5. So far as the despatch, and the mode in which it has
been dealt with, affect myself personally, I will trouble your
honourable committee with very few words.
No taunts or sarcasms, come from what quarter they may,
will turn me from the path which I believe to be that of my
public duty.
I believe that a change in the head of the government of
India at this time, if it took place under ciratrastanoes which
indicated a repudiation on the part of the government in
England of the policy which has hitherto been pursued to-
wards the rebels of Oude, would seriously retard the pacifica-
tion of the country. I believe that that policy has been from
the beginning merciful without weakness, and indulgent
without compromise of the dignity of the government. I
believe that wherever the authority of the government has
been established it hie become manifest to the people, in
Oade as elsewhere, that the indulgence to those who make
submission and who are free from atrocious crimes will
be large. I believe that the WOO of the proclamation, which
has been so severely condemned, was thoroughly consistent
with that policy, and that it is so viewed by those to whom
it is addressed. I believe that that policy, if steadily pur-
sued, offers the best and earliest prospect of restoring peace
to Odds upon a stable footing.
6. Firm in these convictions, I will not in a time of un-
exampled difficulty, danger, and toil, lay down of my own
444 .1: ra 4 ..aO 11,1 t€ 1.. j
will Ifni the peredseion of vie herotwable ens ultimo stela
the grocatis upon which those convictions rest, a 41 desert°,
the course of policy which I have pursued in dealing with the
rebellion in; Oude. If when I have done so it shall be
deemed that that policy has been erroneous, or that, not being
erroneous, it bas bees feebly and int ffectaally carried out, or
that for any reason the confidence of these who are respon-
sible fur the administration of Indian affairs in Evened,
should be withheld from me, I make it my respectful but
urgent request, through your honourable committee, that I

- .
may be relieved of the office of Governor-General of India
with the learnt possible delay.
7. I desire to say, that I shall in that case resign my great
charge into the hands of the honourable court of directors,
with a deep and abiding sense of gratitude for the generous
support, the unreserved confidence, and the considerate
courtesy which I have at all times received from them.
1 bays nothing more to add upon the personal part of this
question.
. _ . . . .

Lord Canning pr.sceeds to urge tho danger of the Briiish
government epeeking Its-eitatingly, 11111 Earl Ellenhorough
did, of the right to rule the province of Cade. lie then
adduces various arguments on behalf of punishing rebellion
by the confiscation to the Stale, of proprietary rights in the
method specially appropriate in the present instance,
from the unparalied tyranny of the Talookdars, 'use pas-
seeeion, indeed, of tho lends had been mainly obtained by
fraud and violence. His lordship observes
30. Regard being bad to the history of tenures In Owls ; to
the failure of the efforts med., by the government in 1846,
to sat up thaw who were believed to be the hereditary pro-
prietors of the soil; to their unworthy reception of the bene-
fits bestowed upon them ; to the rebellious spirit manifested
by nearly all the talookdara of the province, and to the
inconceivable difficulties which would have attended the
adjudication of claims to Proprietary right, in the circum-
stances that have been bnefly described, and which would

have hampered the admitatration at every turn, the
surest, the safest, the most politic. and a thoroughly
just course seemed to be to declare the proprietary
right in the soil (to whomsoever appertaining, for
all classes as such had sinned equally) confiscated,
and to reserve to the government the right ot
de-
posing of it OA might seem fitting, at the same time noti-
tyieg the intention ot the government to show indulgence to
there who should tender immediate submission, and throw
themselves upon its mercy.
31. I apprehend little difficulty, and so far es experience
has gone, little has, I believe, been found In explaining to the
talooktiars end landowners with whom oar offloers have came
in contact, that the eon &cation does not aeoetwarily operate as
• permanent deprivation of their rights, but that it
places in the hands of the government the power
of punishing those who shall still persist in ntiellton after
line and honour have been guaranteed to them, of rewarding
those who shall promptly ettne forward nod give their sup-
port to the government, and to the rouse of order —of substi-
tuting ha every case of restoration the undeniable title de-
rived from the will of the government for the doubtful title
which alone could be advanced by the majority of those
whom the order affected, and of attaching to the Om of resto-
ration such conditions of swim, political and military fealty,
and good conduct, as the altered circumstances of the pro-
, vinous have made essential to the firm establishment ot our
authority.
lies Jewett Ontram's objections to the proclamation were
the source of reach disappoint went to the Governor-General,
inasmuch as some expressions in a memorandum previously
received from the chief commissioner led his lordship to
expect a dtfLtrent result. The despatch concludes with a
statement relative to the effects produced by the proclamation.
In this we read :
48. No man is better acquainted with the cistern districts
of Ow% and their iababiteote than Mr. Wingfield, who is at
present acting on that frontier of the province as special COM.
missioner of Goruckporo. Writing on the 6th June, Mr.
Wingfield says : " Unsupported by the presence of British
crops, there are many telookdare who, to my certain know-
ledge, are deterred trout tenderingiheir allegianoa,whichistheir
Oncere wish. Had the garrison of Lucknow only been dis-
tributed about the province, three-fourthe of the talookders
would, under the (mindsets holdout by she proclamation, have
been entirely on our side by this time."
Unfortunately the garrison of Lucknow could not be
'pared, nor any body of troops, at all approaching it in
strength.
49. But when the season shall wire at which the troops
can again move rapidly over the ciountry ; when the largo
police term, now being relied by the Chief Commits:liner at
Locknow, shall have reached is complement and received
further organisation ; and when It shall be manifest that we
have the means of protecting or supporting those who re-
turn to their allegiance, I cannot doubt that the spirit In
which the proclamation has been accepted in many quarters
will declare Itself generally throughout the province.
60. 1 have now describtal to your hon. committee the
whole course of my proceedings in regard to the proclama-
tion of the Ilith of glare). I have at the same time ex-
plained the policy which has guided me, and I have litfurmsd
you generally of its results.
I Topa:chilly await your juP6O) dgment.—T have, koo
Allehated, Jane 17, wonJal CANXINO.

In the wood despe.ch the obis( points in the Ant and
longer ore, may be Nod to be suissuanded. It is se follows :
Foteign Deportees', *Halmstad, July 4.
TO THZ HOO. THE COURT OP 013101031 01 TUB HAAT

INDIA CONIPANY.

Ron. Stn,—Your despa---te1;,i0:26; of the 18th of May
reached we two days agu.

_„_.
1 beg your bon, court to accept toy warmest thenks for the 11
assurance of your continued cotldrace, which that despatch,
sod the reaoltubm of your hon. court embodied in it, oouveys.
2. Such an expreasion of the sentiments sf your hon.
court would be to toe a mince of grettfLetion and just pride
in any cinnamstaneas, but the generous and timely prouipti-
ttide with which jou have been pleased to isms it, nod the
fact that it conveys approval of the past as well a. trust for
the furors, has greatly enhanced Its value. Your hon. court'
have rightly judged that in the midst of difficulties no sup-
port is so cheering to a public servant, or so strengthening,
as that which is derived from a declared approval of the
spirit by which his past acts have been guided.
3. 1 believe that the expectations expressed by your boa.
court, as to the spirit in which the proclaimed ooxliecaciou of
proprietary rights in Otitis would be used, will not be dis-
appointed when you shall have had CORMOInCe of the
despatch which I had the honour to address to the secret
committee on the 17th ult., and which, as being the sequel
of correspondence already in the bands of your hun mutt,
will, no doubt, have bleu laid before you.
4. Your bon. court observe that 1 vend bava bean well
aware that the words of the proclamation without the com-
ment on it, which you tryst we. speedily afforded by the
+clone of the government, what 11+Vo pre .10-.1 the expects-
r tem touch thorn grueral and io,11•1•,i1/11[1l,3
than could have been maims:tut with justice air situ policy.

Undoubtedly this is so. But it was not without deliber:-
non that in framing the proclamation I used the positive,
peremptory, and so to speak enacting words which declare
that the proprietary right in the soil of the province is con-
fiscand to the government, which will dispose of that right
in such manner as it may deem fitting.
6. As this point was scarcely touched upon in my above-
mentioned despatch to the secret committee, I will take leave
to add a further brief explanation upon it. I have said that
it is in the nature of those to whom the proclernation was
addreued to cue very little for the threats, but to have a
great respect for the distinct orders of sop nor authority. A
rebel landholder, to whom no more should be said than that
lithe did not make submission soon his rights would be liable
to confiscation, would be likely to trust for hts
escape to the chapter of accidence, and to the
chance of avoiding or defeating criminatery evidence,
and so to delay submission, and cling to those whiwe immtd late
influence might be nearest and strongest. Whereas if he
should be made to feel that the withdrawal of his right. is
already decreed that it only remains for the executive
officers to give effect to it by plactmg another proprietor in
possession, and that the beet hope left to him is to work out
as large a claim to profferred indulgence as possible whilst
them is yet time, hie rosnifestation of allegiance would
assuredly be quickened.
6. It was toy business to consider what would meet stimu-
late and hasten a return to peace end loyalty on the part of
those addressed, and I was of opinion that this would beet be
done by making It deer and plain that the rewards actually
conferred for fidelity were very large, that the punishment
soundly decreed for rebellion wee very heavy, but that from
this punishment a door of escape was still open.
7. To attempt to define more precisely the conditions and
degreee awarding to which indulgence should be awarded
and punishment tempered, appeared to me most inexpedient.
It would I submit, have oeen impossible to put into the pro-
clarnaifffh any mitigating or conciliatory words to thin effect
without incurring the greatest rink of raising false hopes,
and giving ground for mistaken claims, the disappointment
of which hereafter would have gone far to confirm in the
minds of many the reproach which the rebel leaders have
sedulously thrown out against the English government of a
want of good faith—a reproach to which no colour or
shadow of truth shall ever be given by any act of mine.
8. I therefore left the way of escape and the amount of
obtainable indulgence to be learned from the treatment
which those who should first come in would receive. No
explanation in words would have been so °anent to spread
through the country with little chance of perversion as this.
No of her course would have left the government so free to
use wise discrimination in the remission of punishment.
9. Your honourable court will of course hear in mind that
the proclamation was addressed to a province in arms,
throughout which we had not at that time a surviving friend
or interest to defend, and that therefore any fear of danger
from an outburst of resistance by which matters should be
made worse was imaginary.
10. Upon a careful and, I hope, dispassionate review of
the whole auhject, I cannot but think that the worde In
which the proclamation wee couched were those moot befit-
ting the government of India in its relations with its rebel-
lious province, and best calculated to effect eventually a real
and sure pacefluttion. Bat the question was one of very
great difficulty; and I entreat your honourable court not to
suppose that 1 am so presumptuous as to deprteate criticism
of the mode in which the difficulty was met.
11. The reports lately received from Lnelmow and
despatched to your honourable court by this and by. the pre-
ceding mail, show that one of the Chief Comiumeioner's
greatest embarrassments is the want of sufficient mean. to
protect the losdholders who are eager to tender their alle-
giance, but whom we cannot in some places effectually defend
until the bonds ut the more desperate rebels and mutineers
",: .•
estatroye.; an uejeot cat. La ..04.a.5..a.y .410.
the troops throe fsh the country ti a tiitcblc ~:ittent. A.t.x.d-
ingly, in t!-• eases of many who L.:7e declared their des -e to
make submission, Mr. Montgomery has found it necessary to
advise them to remain passive for the present.
12. The delay is to be regretted; but the fict furnishes
proof that the spirit of the proclamation has not been mis-
understood, and that the temper of the province is gradually
tending towards order and allegiance.-1 have, &0.,
(84P10:1) CANNING.

THE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH.

TO TH EDITOR OP THE MAWS.

Stn,—l am instructed to forward for public►tion
a report received Testerday from Mr. W. T. Henley,
the electrical engineer, of St. John-street, Clerken-
well, who is one of the gentlemen whom the direc-
tors have consulted in reference to the state of the
Atlantic cable. . .

Henley's advice in reference to laying the
'shore end at Valentin has been anticipated. From
previous circumstances it bad been thuught advisable
to postpone, until further information was obtained,
the operation of laying the shore ends, with a view
to save what at the time the directors were advisei
would be unnecessary expense.
The directors, however, subsequently decided, after
due reflection, that it would be advisable to lay the
Valeutia shore end without delay, and a vessel is
now on its way to effect this object.—l am, &0.,
GEO. SAWARD, Secretary.

Chief Office, 22, Old Broad-street,
London, Oct. 5.

Mr. Henley reports :—By our tinting, one fact Is
'unquestionably established, and that is the fault
fa not beyond 300 miles. I speak of the great fault.
Others may exist between that and Newfoundland, but if it
be a fact (as I have heard) that on testing at the latter place
very little earth I. shown, the probability is that the other
part of the cable is good. Having arrived at the Lot of the
Injury not being beyond 300 miles, the difficulty is to know
how much within that distance it is to be found, or how
much of the resistance is due to the cable, and how much to
the fault; and, although by accurate teatiags and mambas.
lions a pretty correct knowledge of the &we may be ob-
tained, still it is liable to some unoertaint), and inatancps
have occurred in testing cables where the most ezperissoid
have been quite wrong in their oonclusions.
I cannot think it posaible for the injury to be In the her-
boar, but should think it advisable to lay down some length
of shore end ; as the present cable near the land must soon
be injured by friction on the rocks and shingle. A piece of
the sews size laid across the harbour for the Magnetic Com-
pany was entirely worn asunder some days since.
In my opinion, the fault or faults *listed in the cable be-
fore it was submerged, and that they would have been de-
tected and made good had the precaution been observed by
having the whole cable tested in water during its manu-
facture.

Its 'tot showing so bad when first laid Is easy to be ac-
counted for, sa it takes borne time fur the water to meek
through the coating of pi'ch and tar. Iu a cable I ani
now manufacturing, a fault was tour days in the wanes
before showing anything.

Had your cable been injured after submersion by resting
on the sharp edge of a rock, the inner wire earl the outer
metallic covering must have come In contact; and that t►is
is not the use we have absolute proof, both from the fed of
• battery current being generated by the iron sheathing and
Unexposed copper, and from signals being received from
Newfoundland ; for, did the iron touch the copper conductor
in the einalleet point, not the slightest signal
mild be observed. Signals were front the lirpt
mach weaker than they ought to have been, from. a
tolerable Mankind line of that length, and were scarcely sut
ficient to work a very delicate relay (which can be need with
a current so feeble that it could only just be detected on the
tongue). The currents now received are sot more then a
tenth of that power, and can only be indicated on Protector
Thomson's very higerdous reflecting galvanometer. This is
constructed on the principle of the boys' "trick" of receiving
the rays of the son on a piece of looking glees, and reflect*
them on • wall, • very small motion of the hand giving a
range of many feet to the 'pot of light. Professor Thomson
attaches • small mirror to the magnetic needle of • very deli-
cate galvanometer of hie own contrivance. The light of a
lamp is thrown on the mirror, and • motion of the needle
that would be inappreciable in limit is plainly Indicated b
the reflected rpot of light on • sale. The apparatus could
be made much more delicate still, and capable of attain
with the smallest amount of current ; but there is an obstacle
in the way of using sunk • feeble power, and that is the teeth
current, which shows itself at all times more or less.

If this earth current were at all constant in ita quantify
direction, it would be lulls easy to compensate for it aid
render its edema neutral, bat it le moat erratic in ita move-
ments, sometimes throwing the spot of light entirely off the
scale, at others changing from positive to negative, and back
again so rapidly end frequently, end with such hiregalsellY,
that it is difficult to know whether it is NewfutiocUsnd or
the earth current aignalling.
These earth currents in submarine and sobterranesn llam
(like the atmospheric' currents, as they are termed, in over
ground wire.) are produced by the inductive effort of "Am'
currents of electricity moving parallel with the onaducting
wires, It being • well known law of ekotricity that if •
current moves in the vicinity of • wire cc other insulated con-
ductor, a current is sea up in snob wire fa a <revery direr
Lion, fie strength being in proportion to the parallelism id 1016
wire with the natural current.
Any wire laid ptrallel with the Equator, or nearly Or witt
have also ha electrical condition diAturbed by every weds
in the earth's magnetism. On the first retalltabasst
practical telegraphy, the inoormentence experienced frog
them, current.. was as annoying as It was unexperded,bal
toureeot tiute COLPTIVSZIOed wore produced capable of mo -
I ()bag or counteracting their tff..cto, so that but hide trouble