The Express.
London, England, 1856-01-19 00:00:00

THE RECTIFICATION OF FRONTIER.

A writer in it pro-Rossian paper, dating Vienna,
lan. 13, says :
Permit me to dined year attsatina le a nutter which
Net at premat Is deserving et dose sonsideration from its
intimate seunezies with a point raised by the Austrian pro-
positions, fa., the Intended restificatieet of the Tarto-Itumisa
frontier la Basarabia. Cordeetam loom itself in, its attempts
to diseover a sisals reasonable pretext whit* esa justify so
absurd a requirement No ea' bore has say difficulty,
►e Never, la determining tbe Power to which it owes its
@Agile.

Aastrlana w►o lon their country see, wit► pain and
inquietude, their goverment helliqi•ff iato iajurions
paltriest atimbisatioas, and Justly reproach it with haft
east a are obstacle, as irritating as msexpeeted, in the way
of partite anotiatietie. Tb. demand Ma Gametes of territory
is a direct demeattratioa of Austria against Rune Bes-
sarabia plays the Arterials °Mak of this morass), is the
glair of Transylvasia, sad If Russia would not give
embryo to Austria, she must river pm over the Daimler.
Om thus seas that ear goverment is already regarding
Moldavia and Bessarabia as natural dopeadeades of
Treowylvania.
. Artisis lit of tic Austria* penestrices demands "the
rectitriatioa si the frontier, whisk starting from the neigh-
boorbeed of Cbotym, shall knew the Ilse of mountains
which woad la a south easterly direetioa, and shall tenni-
sate at lake Tsasyk."
Who ma call this a rectlitratios of the frontier ? To
rustily a frontier is ',Measly to substitute for the purely
angels] Ikeda Azad by treaty, the aat■rnl bouadarios Indi-
cated by the esaliguratioa of the ground, or the mute
of the riven, or the montane; bat all that portion of
Bessarabia temprised bete/ma the parallel meanie of the
t rush and the Deemer presents nothing but a plain, with
but few watersoluses The ramilisatiens of the Carpathians
do as remit to Obstym, and the line whin, from that city,
divides the tributaries of the Prat!, with them of the
Dniester, does aet afford any sensible foot, far less a
larteaMin Mak. Is t►is strides plan, which bean, in a
great Imposers, the skasaster of the steppe, the Fran
teams a farrow of divisioa salacieutly embanked, and
forme thus a manna, regular, and antismog boundary
line through the whole length of the Moldavian frontier.
" To rectify " this treatise by sabstitatiag a boundary has,
artilicial sad arbitrary, is aboard. ♦ territory whose limits,
as maned out by nature, show that it was dertgaed to form
a whole, would by sash a sassiest plea be, as it were, torn
to raga, melee both to Turkey and to Russia. Would each
a Use offer any defones to Moldavia ? Would it not be a
standing team of masteatly renting strife /
The Menthols of t►is has la so warty indicated in the
article to question that it may as easily be understood to
comprehend a narrow border the length of the Pruth, or
tere;tbina of Beriarabia. If the proposed limo is to eon.
memo " tress the 'anew of Chetym," is that fortress to
feet part of the coded territory, or will it remora with
Russia ? Chotym is a very important fortress. Ia 1874,
when the ottani of Austria was meaming, it ►od a
garrison of 16.000 men. The fortress of Ismail, which
henterly bad a population of 30.000 mos, ►a lost a good
deal of its importame. Bat almost at its gates a now and
flourishing town has ones, with a large portilellea. This
tows, whom very niobium appears to be ignored by the
Freon maps, is celled Tonto/ANA. Its creation is entirely
Busies, yet being within the line of the thasyk lake, would
It not be equally manned la t►e cession demanded ?

Ia ems word, tho 'Opulence seder aetios, drown up after
the eostost, 'Baur the inspiration of s power which wishos
to kora the struggle to its adthatege, hu so mach of vague-
awns aad ocefatios, that we is tempted to sit it dews as a
diplossatio Woodsy. Those who thew it up have doobtleee
seasoned Lapis's map of Turkey publiskod is 1822, or that
of the Was Daptestmsat of Venue—the latter Wag oily a
eopy of the French -sp. 1a these sups cholas of ma'Ba.'.
takes are est doers anywhere. at the fame, of the assignor.
The Russian Raps do Let reprinted the ground la Mist
♦ slaspkt perusal of the works of Kohl, or of Priace Demi-
delf, spas fletethora Roads, aUI soaks to show the ethers
of the mops whisk have probably boss seasoned by thore
who door tap the ertiole kr kb* propseed nonentities of
freakior.

Dr. iiaadwitb. who has jolt arrived is Eaglaud,
am • week hi amp pas ce $ slop of Kw. It will be
ready to . Ant tuna.

OMER PACIIA'S ARMY.

The Invalids Russo brings its reports front Min.
grills down to the 18th December. We reed

IFrom the 3rd to the 7th December the Turks cutinued
to advisee gradually from the river Techur to the river
Tchenis•Tohali (a tributary on the left of the R.c.c, end
the last one of any size before Kuteis). In doing this they
had to throw bridges across the rivers, and overcome the
greatest difficulties, arising from the mud formed hr beery
torrents of rein. On the 501 and oth the enemy made
reconnaissances, with detachments of cavalry and compenie,
of rifiemeo, along the whole line oa the light bank of the
Tobenitachale from Ust-Tehenie-Tchele as far es Cheni,
lon which occasions some shots were excheoged emu the
nver et certain points. On the 7th December the Turkish
Commander-in Chief suddenly altered his plan of
operations and commenced a retreat, probably through
having received official intelligence of the fell of Kam end
else from having convinced himself, by a were trial, of the
enormous dithculties that attend a winter campaign in the
impenetrable mud of hf icgrelia. We are assured that Omer
Pasha expected our troops would retreat behind Huai, ee
his approaching the Tchenie-Tcbele. When he therefore
eaw the whole Oouri detachment concentrated and ready
for action, he did not venter* to engage, forseeeing as he did
his utter destruction in cue of discomfiture. This mhos
movement of attach ea the Tchenia Tchele, end thereepon
the hurried retreat, threw the Turkish army into wrens
sowfusion with respect to their means of transport, and 04
men themselves suffered the greatest exhaustion through
want of food, warm clothing, and covering for the feet. A,
soon es the retrograde movement of the Turk* commeneed,the
commending officer of the oouri detachment, profitiog by*.
sensation of the rain on the 7th, and the subsidence of the
water in the river, mot dying detachments across the
Tehenie-Tchalf to support the rising of the inhabitants in

The first example of this riming wee set by the Princes
Pagan, who eves oa the 23rd and 24th of November had
attacked at Ontopo a Turkish Pasha, who was returning to
the math near Alsasha with a small squadron of cavalry
!roma 14100116111i481000 he had made along the right bank of the
Talseeia-Tehalfi. When Prince Alexander Purina learned
this, be determined on planting as ambush of 62 vclianteen,
most of whom belonged to the Princes Pagan end Tchiko
rani. With the twilight the Turkish squadron ep.
preached the unbasoade, when it was saluted with • volley
followed up by • charge with drawn sabres.
This aaexpected attack threw the enemy into the gust.
est essfunen. Some began to fire, bet the greater peer
took to flight. The dead body of the Übycluchian Prizes
Tatted and those of two other men remained on the field.
Os the side of the Mingreltans, the nobleman Burden
Pegava was wounded. In pursuit of the rearguard of the
Turkish retreating army, the Tchenis Tchal4 was craned oe
the Bth of December by hisjor•Cienerel Prince Mediu, with
the MLogrelian volnatun that had joined him, opposite
Chad, and they advanced on Beau. Colonel Prins
Itherwathidse, of the Guards, with Cossacks of the has sad s
soavoy of druthinee, under Captain Priam Gariel, of the
Gearde, crossed at Ganyra, and marched on the Shutt& ;
while Capteln Priam Mikeledse, of the Guards, with the
Imeritian riflemen of Gasati (on the right bank of the
Tekazderebali) followed the enemy on the main road to
°atop). The conesquence of these arrannoteete
we, a succession of most fortunate skirmishes with
isolated bands of the enemy. In the evening of
Diemather 8, Colonel Prince Bhuwashidse learned
that a party of Turkish cavalry had come to Bupjeti on
foraging expedition. The appearance of the Cossacks and
militia was the signal for the foragers to take to flight, hot
the battalion of Turkish infantry that covered them opened
a heavy fire. The firing ea both sides lasted two hum
At last the hostile battalion retired to the Abseils, falling
back on the main body, taking their dead and wound
with them. Oar entire lose amounted to two killed and sir
wounded. Oa hie side Captain Prieto blikeladse, of the
staff, ott the 9th, about dash, from the forest, opened a fire
of musketry on • put of the Turkish rem guard, just
pitching their tents on the left bank of the Abuha. The
Turks were so frightened by it that they took their
taste across to the right bank, under the protectioa
of their riflemea. Oa the 10th Colonel Prince Sherwashidse
received news that Iskeeder Pasha had entered Sunni with
• detachment of cavalry and infantry, hie object being to
Wien provender, and fled out who it was el the inhebitants
that had killed a certain Turk. Prince Bberwaehidse sent
the luseritiaa cavalry that had joined him, seder the com-
mand of Major Prises ginner Zelnkidae, direct to the Til-
lage of &utak', while some Cossacks of the line and some
militia formed the reserve. On our appearing in Sleuth
the enemy's cavalry, with ',header Pacha, galloped off;
the company of Torkieh riflemen stationed is she bazaar saw
itself surprised, sad partly escaped into the forest, sou
being oat down, and one taken prisoner. After this ow
cavalry made a dub at • house outside the town, where the
enemy had concealed himself. Here, however, the Turk,
remind them with • discharge of grape, upon which
Colonel Prince Bherwathidete deemed it beet to desist
from all farther attack, and retire to the heights of liks.
Oar lose consists of one militiamen dead, whereas the
'way left 20 dead Wain on the ground. Oa the same
day, and when nearly stork, the Miegrelian volunteer,
under Captain Priam Alexis Tchikovani, of the staff, and
Wannest Prism Alexander Pagans (from Major General
Prince Dadiea's detachment), attacked a Tarkiah picket of
fair men, stationed at the River Tobutith ; three were
data, the fourth, though wounded, escaped. In the night,
between the 10th sad 11th, the inhabitants of Bhachubedi
destroyed the bridge urns the none, which lay on the
Use of the enemy', retreat. The Turks sent on the following
day • whole battalion to restore the bridge. On the 11th,
Major General Prime Begration Itischraneki,
eluding the water had risen, through heavy rain, in the
Tobenia-Tallalf, sent a company of riflemen, some Cossacks,
sad all the Imeritian militia, across the river. In the
evening Prise* Buntion Machrenski's deteehment
strived at Nikolakesi. On the 12th, come Cossacks, who
were exploring the left bank of the Tether, discovered that
the Turks had gone back to the Tina. Oa the 13th of
December the Cossacks attacked a part of the enemy's rest
gaud that wee posted on the left hank of the Ten
Covered by the fire of their riflemen, the Turks crowd to
the right bank, sad destroyed the bridge after them; in
doing which they hada few killed and wounded, while we
had only one Couch wounded. Is the meantime ow
riflemen, under the personal orders of Major General
Prince Begntioa Machreuki, occupied • wooded upland
seer the stela road slug which the enemy wes retreating,
and as soon as some men of their retreating comas
were struck by our rifle bullets, the Tarks left the
read, and continued their retreat along the skirts of the
marshy forest. In the evening the whole of the army of the
enemy was encamped on the height, of Choloal,
Oa the 14th of December, Major. General Friars
Dadi n received word that a small party of Turks we
is Illogdidi, and be undertook to surprise them. To
this end a baud of ilingrelians, 260 strong, made a
forced much of 76 emu by night, end encamped
next moaning es the river Dthems, 4 vents from
Bagdidi; on the following day, at past 8 a.m., the Mili•
grahams marched in perfect silence to the plan named, sad
made from four sides a simultaneous attack. The Turks IS
the streets were instantly cut down or token prisoners; but
oar men were saluted from the *inclose with a thieve, Cl
bullet,. The militiamen, baulked of enema, attacked the
buildings with the greatest courage, but met in so doing
an obstinate tesistance. The fiercest struggle took place is
a mike house, where the Primate Anakidseff, after drag
away every charge of powder they had, mastered the!
enemies at last in the upper storey, by charging them sued
la bead. After a flght of five hours and a half the whole
plum, exempting one house occupied by an entire company,
was evacuated by the Turks. Having given his bend half
an hour's rest, Major-General Psiace Dadien marched to
the river TehanieTchali, and passed the night in Kenn.
One lees is this warm affair consists of three killed,
tweety.six wounded, and thirty-six iojured by mansion
We had 15 horses killed and 6 wounded. Our enemy has
suffered very severely, having. it is said, bad 150 killed
aloes ; three of his officers sad 32 private, were made m-
ermen, and moreover several arms, hones, and other pieces
of property. fell into the heads of the Miegrelisne. MO'
General Dadias onetime in his report with especial praise
the valour displayed on this orcasion by the Princes Ferenc
Tchikovani, Anakidseff, end the noblemen Tchikovani. Os
the 18th of December, Major-O I Prince Bagraton
Muderaaski oceapied with riflemen, end with cavalry under
Coil Prince filserwashidse of the Guarde, the heights that
stretch away to the north from the great highway henna
Choloai and Chant (not far from Rodent Hsieh). The ob•
jut of this dirposities is to reader it imponible fez the enemy
to obtain provisions from the eurroundir.g country. All the
ishabitants agree is stating that the Turkish army is in
sad state, its only Has of communication being now the
road on the left beak of the Choni through Chorgi on to
Redone. Although this rood is protected on both side' by
swamps that
state. The Tuke receive their supplies by Kajeks, that
comae along the Chad as far ee the shared of Chergi. Fran
here they have to eoawey them themselves farther on. TM
deetruties of his us Terraces, and the difficulty of &hippie'
hie troops in • sea csutently heavy, have hitherto kept
Omer Pasha stationary fa Miaarelia • but it is said he io-
ta& quitting this eountry by tbe Arai opportunity.