The Express.
London, England, 1866-08-09 00:00:00

THE tXPREFS, THURSDAY EVENING, AUGUST 9, 1866.
t•YDRiPIft

OHOLERA RELIEF FUND, Mansion-house.
IL/ Ate PHILIMINABY MUTING of Merchants, Bankem.
and others, hold at the Mansion-house on MONDAY, at 3 o'clock,
The Right Hon. the LORD MAYOlAresiding.
a Committee was formed to mime SUBSCBI ONB for the pur-
pose of relieving the great suffering and disc ess among the poor
which has been caused by the present and ot chokes in the
metsopolls.
The fends collected by this Ceinceittee will be applied towards
the relief of the poor yermiss who are *uttering from the preva-
lence of cholera.
Weida in aid will be given as far as possible through the
agency of local boards, eommittees, dispensaries, and other in-
etitutions.
'he fenb-Comealike will meet each day at I o'clock, at the
lianden-honse. Donations will be thankfully received by the
Weis man, the Lard Mayor, Mansion-loam ; Moors. Barnet.
Rams, lianbary, and Co., 62, Lombard-street, RC.; Yews,
Barclay, Bevan, and Co., si, Lombardatreet, E. C.. Messrs. Ho-
lmquist, Pranks, and Co. 79, Lombardctreet, B.C. ; National
Isiol Bank of England, Bishopsgatectireet, and Branch ;
. Roberts, Lubbock, and Co., Is. Lombard-street, N.C.
Roma Moans and Co., 37, Fleatatreat ; Smith, Payne, and
Smith, 1, Lookbard-scree!: and sharps, 19, kleet-street.
.1081 PH IBBS, Secretary.
Manion-home, London, August 7,1866.

BENSON, J. W., by Special Appointment to
H.R.H. ths ?dna of Wolin.

BENSON'S WATCHES. Prize Medal, 1865.
Sent safe by post.

!ENSON'S ILLUSTRATED PAMPHLET. 2d.

BENSON, Old Bond-street and Weatbonrne-
grove. Steam Factory, Ludgate-MTh

Jand G. SAMPSON, Tailors and Outfitters,
• 1 and t, Prinaretreet, Leteseteraquare, W., kr* an
eaormoas Stock of HOPS CLOTHING ready aids
Bora Knickerbocker Ma l4. to lOU.
Ston and Dress Snits lll, to 40a.
Sommer Overcoat. l4a to V..
Suitable tar •13 *ma

110 AND SEE THE SHOW
tid 112,01181= Or shop window, and soled
holofrom, id J. and G. BA Tonors and °Waitron,
I and 2, Prhooss Wools loloootorogoore, W.

AFrER WHAT I—After Mellon's Promenade
Comerte, SVA.NB' to sort We Mall met Qom

Eke enartoo.

TO CORRESPONDENTS
hvailwateats intended for "The --11" Lando' Eveadag
matt be at the Moe, le. &eiweleatreek by Two
deloei oa the day at publication.

Tres "roma, TinIVOIIENOT CAPTAIN. Mews. Tbilisi,
9dand G. Homey ; Mims Neilson, &wags Theeness, and Mas.
.—Asd QUM LODGING&

ITANNLL
Tao Imams, THE JOLLY DOOR 07 LONDON; OR, TWO
ROADS OP LIFE—AMA L.TSIA Latimer, Mr. C. Brown, & Muter
Benders.—And THE DUSTMAN'S TREASURE ; OR, WWI
AND THE BOFFIN&

NIGH WATER AT LONDON BUM.
Tall DAS —Morning, OIL 34sAfternoon. IL. fee.
20-11031tOlf—llornisic 11. 31m Attorsoos, lb. 14no.

LONDON, THURSDAY, AUGUST 9.

A TERRIBLE battle is raging at the present
moment in the East-end of London. The dead
number upwards of 1,000 weekly ; the statistics
of the wounded will never accurately be gathered.
As in warfare the number killed in action re-
presents but a small portion only of those placed
hors de combat, so in cholera we must remember
that the list of dead, formidable though it be, is
far from expressing the sum of loss from the
attacks of this fearful enemy. The illness which
does not kill, but which Incapacitates the working
members of a family for whole weeks, forms a
terrible item in the list of losses sustained in the
combat. Considering the warning which the pre-
sence of cholera in England should have given,
East London was singularly unprepared to re-
sist this relentless foe. With a rapidity
which has defied all efforts to keep
pace with it, cholera has swept through the
crowded dwellings of the poor and caused desola-
tion scarcely, if at all, less severe than would
have attended the inroad of a human enemy.
Earnest, but late, efforts are being made to stem
the torrent, and doubtless the amount of misery
already engendered can be much alleviated by the
generous sympathy which is now being shown.
From the absence of any provision for the re-
ception of cholera patients the chief brunt of this
attack has fallen upon the London Hospital.
This admirable institution, under the rough trial
to which it has been subjected, has shown a power of
expansion and capacityforusefulness which is really
marvellous. Notwithstanding the demands upon
its space which its position in the centre of a densely
crowded and poor population and its proximity
to the docks always necessitates, it has managed
to receive and provide in the best possible manner
for about 400 cases of cholera, which have been
received within its walls during the last three
weeks. The public owes a very large debt of
gratitude to this institution, and there is no reason
to fear that a substantial recognition of its thanks
will be wanting.
But this sudden and exceptionally severe
outbreak, overwhelming the local authorities, and
pressing much too heavily upon the resources of
an institution which is intended for all descrip-
tions of illness and accident, is so full of warning
to the rest of the metropolis, that no delay should
occur in taking advantage of the lesson which it
conveys. We should be blind to the teaching
of all former epidemios if we rested
content with sympathy with the sufferers,
however liberally shown. A deadly enemy
is abroad. In the nature of things we cannot
expect that the remainder of the metropolis will
altogether avoid its share of the visitation. MID
experience of this epidemic has shown, what such
a history was not needed to show, that when the
actual outbreak of cholera occurs it is too late to
make such arrangements as will materially in-
fluence its fatality. The time for such arrange-
ments is that which immediately precedes the
attack. The sources of danger to which London
generally is at the present moment exposed are
mainly these. Visitors to the sick in East London
return to other parts of town, and are seized
shortly afterwards with the disorder. Either
directly through them, or through others to whom
the disease is communicated by them, surface
wells may get polluted owing to faults in
the drainage. In this way, as happened
in the notorious Broad-street pumps, a
vast number of persons may simultaneously
acquire the disorder by drinking of the
poisoned water. Again, although the sources of the
water supply drawn fromthe Thames arehigherthazi
they were in 1854 and 1849, yet we still continue
to derive the greater part of our water from a
river which receives the drainage of a large num-
ber of towns. It has been proved so satisfactorily
that no scientific men are found now to doubt the I
fact, that the discharge of sewage infected with
cholera poison into a river even so large as the
Thames may so influence the whole stream that
water derived from it will convey the disease into
the dwellings which it supplies. This is a fact
the full significance of which the imagination has
difficulty in seizing, but it is one which has been
proved beyond all reasonable doubt.
It is, then, through the accidental contamina-
tion of houses, clothes, food, &c., that we may
~find scattered cases of cholera arising in the
metropolis generally, whose source can be traced
to the East of London. Already several such
cases have occurred. It is through the poiaoeing
of a river like the Thames by cholera dejection+
• finding their way into it above the point whence
the water supply is drawn that we may be exposed
to just such a sudden, violent, and extensive out-

break as that which is now olarwlialming
London. We have already, in a previous sr*,
adverted to the important aid in the prevention a
such evils that may be rendered by a thorough
system of house-to-house visitation. There are
other measures which it is not less necessary to
'adopt without lama of time.
When troops in India are attacked by cholera,
the first step taken is to shift the ground of the
encampment. By a comparatively recent regula-
tion permanent cholera camping grounds are ar-
ranged, to which the men can be immediately
transferred on the outbreak of the disease. These
are chosen in eligible situations, and no difficulty
of season or convenience is allowed to stand in the
way of their being instantly utilized. When
cholera broke out in the Bombay Presidency last
spring the advantage of this arrangement was
clearly seen. The affected clamp was immediately
removed to thesiteprevioualy selected, and the dis-
order ceased its ravages. If it were possible to
shift the whole population of East London just
now, and camp them out in the open,
there is no reason to doubt that a similar good
result would follow. We cannot do this, but we
can effect the nearest approach to it. One grand
difficulty in dealing with an outbreak of cholera in
poor districts arises from the fact that although
we may remove to a hospital the first patient at-
tacked in a family, the remaining members are
still exposed, in the room which they occupy, to
the very influences which have already produced
the disease. It has been noted in the London
Hospital, just as it has been observed on previous
occasions, that when a patient is admitted the
remainder of the family generally follow in the
course of a few hours or days. If it were possible,
on the first appearance of cholera in a family, to
remove those unaffected to another quarter, there
are good grounds for expecting that they would,
in a large majority of cases, escape the disorder.
The establishment of homes of refuge dates
from 1849, when their utility was un-
deniably proved. In Scotland, especially,
the experiment was fully tried. Out of 1,700
persons admitted into houses of refuge in the epi-
demic of 1849, there were but 33 attacks and 10
deaths by cholera. This is a very striking fact,
when it is remembered that these 1,700 persona
were taken out of actually infected rooms. The
Privy Council, in its instructions to vestries,
dated July 21, gives authority, when cholera or
choleraic diarrhu3a exists in a dwelling inappro-
priate for the separation of the sick from the
healthy, to provide accommodation for the recep-
tion of those unaffected. There are considerable
difficulties to be overcome in the organization of
cholera hospitals, not the least of which lies in
the objections which are offered to houses being
let for such a purpose. The same difficulty
would not arise, at least with equal force,
in the procuring of shelter for the
healthy members of a family in which
cholera has appeared. It is too late to think about
such a provision when cholera has already broken
out with severity in a district. It is just
now that such steps should be taken. There is
no reason why every parish should not at once
secure accommodation for this purpose. There
may be doubts about the advisability of exposing a
patient, without absolute necessity, to the dangers
inherent in removal from home to a hospital.
There can be no such objection properly urged
ageing the preparation of rooms into which the as
yet unaffected members of a family might be trans-
ferred, with the reasonable expectation of an
amount of good arising equal to that which is
found to attend the provision of cholera camping
grounds In India.

worthy peopl% Mr. Bealli and hi; frient have proved
that many d people can be brijit together to
lass eptlitkers, or to show their empathy with
the cause of reform. So far they have) aohieved some-
thing in favour of their cause ; but if the League continue
its agitation during the autumn, the Times trusts
it will profit by the lesson of the last fortnight, and
spare us any more monster out-door demonstrations.
Immense indoor asasmblages like that in the Agricultural
Mall are lees inconvenient, but they are useless for any
practical purpose. When the Reform League discusses its
principles in a place not beyond the limits of the human
lungs, it may make more clear to the world the nature of
the measure it demands and the reasoning by which it
associates the late ministry with its cause. At present
the Times can only see that the League is for universal
suffrage and the ballot, while the statesmen whom it calla
its leaders in parliament are opposed to both these
measures.
The Tdegraph deacribea the meeting of last night as full
to overflowing. The spirit exhibited was strikingly that
of men in earnest. It was emphatically an assembly of
working men—their dress, demeanour, speech betokened
that; but the men were not such as produce disorder or
lawless tumult, as swell the ranks of pauperism
or the death-roll of intemperance ; they seemed the
due of the steady, sober, industrious artisans of the metro-
polis, and with whose intelligent and measured enthusiasm
it was impossible not to sympathise. The moral to be
drawn from the meeting is that the great parties in the
state would do well to dismiss their childish tremors as to
working-class suffrage, and make their pesos with the great
unenfranchised masses by removing the barriers that too
absolutely exclude them from the privileges of legislation.

. LAEST INTELLIGENCE.
TRUCES AND ARMISTICES.
The armistice between Italy and Austria which
would have expired to-morrow has been prolonged
for a further period of twenty-four hours. Al-
though the suspension of hostilities has only been
extended for a few hours, the general impression
appears to be that there is no real danger
of actual warfare between the two states.
On the 3rd of the present month an armistice was
signed between Prussia and Baden, one of the
principal conditions of which was that the Prussian
troops should remain in military occupation of that
part of the Grand Duchy which is north of the
Necker. There have been so many of these truces,
armistices, and suspensions of hostilities that it may
be worth while to give them in the order
of their date. The first truce took place at noon
on Sunday, the 22nd of July, between Austria and
Prussia, and was to last till the same hour on Fri-
day, the 26th. On the 26th preliminaries of peace
were signed at the Castle of Nikolsburg, and at the
same time an armistice for four weeks was agreed
to between both powers. On the 28th of July an
armistice of three weeks, to date from the 2nd of
August, was agreed to between Prussia and
Bavaria. The armistice was afterwards extended
to Wurtemburg, Hesse Darmstadt, and other
states of south Germany. The first suspension of
arms between Austria and Italy took place on the
26th of July, and was to continue till 4 o'clock on
the morning of August 2. This truce was after-
wards extended to the 10th of August, and this has
again been further extended for the short space of
24 hours.

(aztrmee TrammuxB).
AUSTRIA AND ITALY.
PADUA, Aoauerr 8.

•
The suspension of hostilities between Austria
and Italy has been prolonged for 24 hours, namely,
until 4 a.m., on the 11th inst.

ITALY.

FLORENCE, Auayer 9.
-

The King has appointed Count Barrel and
General Menabrea plenipotentiaries for Italy at
the conference to be held at Prague for the con-
clusion of peace.
The great majority of the communes and pro-
vinces have already declared their willingness to
undertake to raise their proportion of the amount
required for the new national loan.
A similar course is expected to be taken in the
other provinces.
The Italian troops in Venetia are being concen-
trated in defensive positions.
The assertions of an Austrian journal in reference
to an alleged letter of the Emperor 'Napoleon to
the King of Italy are unfounded. A perfect un-
derstanding exists between Italy and Prance on
the question of the cession of Venetia.

BELGIUM.
BRUSSELS, Amon 9.

The King has had a slight attack of ;arioella, and
was, therefore, unable to open yesterday the Bel-
gian Exhibition of Fine Area.

cocHIN CHINA.

PARIS, AUGUST 9.

According to the latest official intelligence re-
ceived here from Cochin China, dated June 28, the
rebels had been dispersed, their encampment burnt,
and their lea ler killed. Order had not been dis-
turbed in other parts of the colony.

MEDITERRANEAN.
MARSEILLES, Almon 8, Emus°.
The Constantinople packet has been delayed by
a hurricane. ThQ bad weather in the Meditei.s-
Dean continues.

PARIS.

(mar OUR owl( ooaassrosnzwr.)
PARIS, WIDIOISDAY Bviernio.
Although there undoubtedly is an "
Italian
difficulty," I believe I may safely state that the
Emperor's sudden departure from Vichy to St.
Cloud was not attributable to that or any other
political reason. lam informed that his Majesty
is unwell, and that Dr. Reyer having expressed an
opinion that the Vichy waters were doing him
no good it was thought advisable that he should
come to Paris for further advice. It is stated
that he performed the journey lying on a mattress
—but this may very possibly be a false rumour.
The moment he arrived at St. Cloud, Drs. Nels-
ton and Ricord were sent for to meet his ordinary
medical advisers in consultation. It was this
news, more than anything political, which
produced the further fall at the Bourse, though
for obvious reasons the money articles of the even-
ing papers only allude to it by saying that there
were various alarming rumours. No less than ten
special messengers gallopped between St. Cloud
and Paris to-day.
On the subject of Italy the Pays says that the
difficulties came first from the Florence cabinet,
which preferred unexpected claims ; but that now
they come also from the cabinet of Vienna, which
shows itself exacting in questions of execution and
detail. It thinks, however, although the suspen-
li
sion of hostilities now agreed upon between Austria
and Italy expires the day after to-morrow, August
10, there is "no reason at present to attach
great importance to these temporary difficulties."
The France, while expressing the like hope,
observes, however, that both Italy and Austria
seem equally obstinate upon the question of an
armistice on the basis of the uti possidetis, and that
it is not easy to see any practical means of a com-

promise.
At the Bourse Bente fell 46c. for cash and Vic.
for account, closing at 68fr. 55c. and 68fr. 67ic.
Italian fell 80c., closing at 51fr. 20c. Mobilier
fell Bfr. 76c., and Credit Fonder, 10fr.
Dr. Berard, a practising physician, and one of
the principal proprietors of the Gazette de Prance,
died of cholera on Sunday, almost suddenly, at
his country house near Blois. He had taken a run
to Paris, where, it is supposed, he must have
caught the seeds of the disease. He returned to
Blois only on Saturday evening, complained on his
arrival of feeling rather unwell, was attacked with
unmistakeable cholera symptoms in the night,
and was dead in the afternoon of the next day.
The Civil Tribunal to-day declared the will of the
Duke de Gramont Caderousse in favour of Dr.
Watt null and void. The court declined to ex-
press any opinion upon two points raised in argu-
ment, whether the will was not void as being made
under the influence of " blind resentment," and as
containing a secret trust ; and it annulled the
will on the single ground that Dr. Diclat,
as a medical man who attended the deceased
in his last illness, was incapable of being
an object of his testamentary bounty. Dr. Weld's
suit propounding the will was therefore dismissed
with costs. In England the costa would probably
have come out of the estate, and that I think would
have been more just. No fraud was proved or
alleged against Dr. D6clat, and it would seem
equitable that if a testator makes a will in favour
of an incapacitated person, the judicial inquiry
occasioned by his mistake of the law should be at
the expense of his assets.

ITALY.

"The national aspirations," says the Sick, "are
so powerful in the Trent district that the com-
munes of Storo, Darzo, Londrone, Tiarno, Logos,
and a great many others, have not hesitated to
send addresses to Victor Emmanuel and Garibaldi,
to thank them for having expelled the foreigner.
The citizens of Tione had sent an address to the
King and to the chief of the volunteers as far
back as the 3rd of July. At that date their town
was still occupied by the Austrians."
Whilst the settlement of the Italian question is
waited for, the Austrian government continues, to
the detriment of Venice, the spoliation against
which the Italian journals have already protested.
The italic of Florence cites amongst the documents
carried off a great number of volumes containing
the deliberations of the Senate of the ancient
Republic ; the collection of reports addressed by
ambassadors to the Senate at the expiration of their
mission ; the secret archives of the Republic, and in
particular all the documents relative to the quarrels
of the Venetians with the Court of Rome, the written
opinions of Fra Paolo Serpi as to the course of con-
duct to be pursued with the Vatican and resisting
its pretensions ; finally, a great quantity of mis-
cellaneous manuscripts and chronicles of great
value. In publishing this enumeration the italic
adds that it is a priest, Moravian by birth, named
Bede, who has acted as the instrument of Austria
in the matter. It is through his erudition that the
Austrian government has been able, at the last
hour, to lay its hands on the most precious memorials
of the history of Venice, that is to say, on all that
has survived the ruin of the great republic.

WHY THE AUSTRIANS HAVE FAILED
AND THE PRUSSIANS WON.

The Opinion Nationale, by the pen of M.
Gugroult, its chief editor, explains the success
which the Prussians have just obtained in Germany
as follows:
It is neither to the needle-gun, to the superiority of
their discipline, or to the want of skill on the part of the
Austrian generals'r that the soldiers of King William
are indebted for their victory. If the fortune of arms
has favoured them—if they have on every occasion
repulsed the enemy, it is because, indeed of belonging to
the Roman Catholic Church, they profane the religion of
Luther, and are protestsuits and not catholic& The
nations is which the Papal religion prevails are doomed to
an irremediable decay ; with them progress has found no
countenance ; the future is for the Reformed Church and
the friends of freedom of conscience. What nations, K.
Onfroult mks, are at the bead of civilisation? What coon-
tries exercise a sovereign influence! The United States,
England, and victorious Prussia. Which, on the contrary,
drag themselves painfully along in the routine
of the past without strength or grandeur! Spain, Rome,
and unfortunate Austria. As for France, she is indebted
to a particular temperament and to the free spirit of
inquiry by which she has been always animated, mot to
have fallen to the rank of the fifth or sixth power in
Europe. But let her take care (our contemporary adds),
the catholicism to which she obstinately remains attached,
why is not easy to say—will indubitably in the long run
paralyse her forces.

A DECORATED FLUTE PLATER. Marshal
VaiEast, Minister of the Emperor's Household and of the
Fine Arts, yesterday presided at the distribution of prises
to the successful pupils of the Conservatoire de Nudges,
and delivered an appropriate address, in which he insisted
on the necessity of assiduous study in order to become
remarkable. He announced, in terminating, that the
Emperor had conferred the cross of the Legion of Honour
on N. Donis, professor of the flute, the best pupil of
Tulou.
The sooond annual meeting of the National Ar-
tillery Association was brought to a close at Ehoebury.
nem yesterday morning by the presentation of Tim
ceremony waa performed in the presenee et • large as•
eembly by Log Longford, the trader-Secretary of State
for War.