The Express.
London, England, 1860-03-31 00:00:00

THE ITALIAN QUINTION.-IRISH BUSINESS.
-- - - -- -

. _ _---- ----
Mr. P. HIMIDUNISI said he ram to move that the hos;
at Ito Meg Amen mei M• 111611.7, in order that he might
haaa as °Ml=kot main the attention of the govern.
to two
meet with mord to which he had pieced
sotiesses the melimajapor He bed, in the first place, to
sok the 1111111.ffig at wait for Tomo Affairs whether the
govermant hal advised bee Majesty to setteethe ea.
a, Xaliall al Stleams. Tammy. Noires, ead to the
kingdom of thedmia; mad if whether he woe preparad
to side the mum whisk hed the government to
tender mock rhino to Isr Najoslq. He wished, in the nest
place. to advert to the stela of the Irish Wither in the
house at the pelt moment H. found that the right
bun. gentians theJlewtrf for Ireland had only brought
forward one irieh 1111, sad that of • purely political nature.
Tim, AIM
credal
had made no attempt mvet to
remsilkea grimaams of Ireland, imbue the 'tenant
Lig ME Ms be 8s telffeded is that light. but he Ms boa
mentherladem mow the hems that that measure had met
with It.
idinamesol tify,the Irishzerd members. Hs
the Agit ban. hut he was hosed shoo to add
ign=
QM these sot meepemato for him inevitable
imeamme beim* mid the Iris/ Whoa the right hoc
geedlemmi wed he Diddle be we eorcreaded by • clique of
via wee es impel& of ooptag se
itio Z wires
be"."sehle the fammtary Ice loreigs Alkali
to he at copes with lie diplomacy of Vieasa and nasredria
I Laughter a 'With to the Irish Reform Bill, to white
he had already asadod. he would mastics that only four
potatoes@ were premented in its favour. The het ash
signed by a mangle person: the mooed was abo
by or pees —as Irish pser—(cries of ' nalni -=eid
Mooch. The third petition was from the students of the
queer's Usiveresty, and yam signed by 185 members, who
played that • representative might be aDowel and
se fourth was softies else but the first, which by
was preemated a second time. (Laughter.) In conclusioa
he would Mows the adjournment of the house at its rising
%mid Moadav nest.
Sir 0. C. LZWER said he would sat at that time enter
data the gmetion of Savoy or the state of Irish business is
that basso Thos, who remembered how large a portals of
the mimics used to be occupied • few years ago with bib
basins= to the exclusion. to some extent, of English and
Scotch berisses. would perhaps bs iselined to agree with
hint, that the alto/allot which had taken place recently ia
that respect afforded oo but augury of the improvement in
the Stend state of Ireland. (Hear, bear.) His object is
ming, however, RSA simply to object to the motion that
the house, at its riming, should adjourn until Monday. It
would be secraary that they should meet to-morrow (this
day) Is order to bear the royal meson given by commission
to eertaan bills. It might perhaps be convenient that he
should then inform the bowie that it was not the iatention
4 bio. =tie Woad the Secretary for Forego Affairs to wo-
rse the reoemption of the adjourned debate as the Reim.
BM that evening. (A laugh, and aim of "Wheal', Hie
alble fried would state on Houk/ as what day sifter
Baster he propreed that the Mato thoold be reamed.

THE LORD. LIEUTENANT OP LONDONDERRY.
Mr. WHITSSIDE drew attention to the recent appetite
sad el Hr. Lyle, at at Receiver Master of the Court
ef Chimer, in to the dignity of lord-lieutenant of
the anon of Lerkearry, and to the eirtounatthoee under
which sae I appeiralawat wee made, expatiating at wake
length neeNi iseideats.
Mr. CARDWELL explained the circereethmeee under
which the sprelataneet of Kr. Lyle, a =Nee se on-
liemishell character and of conaiderable ProrrytY,
bed bees nob by Lord Carlisle, who, he Aid, led exer-
cised the lentoet rare in selecting a pone to El the
yummy. He undo a short reply to Mr. Hennessy on the
'abject of frith fathead
The discuesion way continued by Sir F. HETGATII and
Lord F/LIIIOT.

WAKEFIELD.
Mr. E. ELLICE inquired the intentions of government
with referenoe to the report of the eonimitsioners appointed
by her Majesty to inquire into corrupt practices at elections
is the buruisgh of VValteield, stating the salient points in
the neParlo and suggested dud a different course should not
be taken in this caw. where the wealthy principal. bad been
detected, and in that of Beverley. where two humble indi-
viduals had been onlerod to be proe•euted.
Kir OBEY said that the report had been referred to
the law °Miters of the crown, requesting them to give an
opinion whether proeneutioas should be instituted against
tU persons named by the commissioners ell guilty of
bribery. It was the opinion of the government that nu
sew writ should iambs for i'ais borough during the present
praliatnent.

THE COLONIES. —POLISH REFUGEES.
Mr. ADDERLEY inquired the Intentions of the govern-
ment as to a batter apportionment of enemas+ for the de-
form of saduates between the imperial and colonial trea-
suries, obosnin that, bolds, the unequal louden borne by
lit finial govemosat for the protection of the colonie*,
the Mims, arising from the mattering of our forces. and
from air in the colonies not to look to their own re-
BMW; all being Mina at the merry of an enemy, there
were asimmlien a the system calling for remedy.
Mr. MAGUIRE called attention to a petition from cer-
tain Polish refugees, who, Laving served under the Britoiti
vveroniest in the ern:nano war, complained of injustice
being dooe them, and asked fur inquiry and Maws.
Mr v HERBERT, in reply to Mr. ADDMILiT, said he
stated his opinion upon the .stone, which oc-
cupied II.) &Muslim of the government, and he would sot
ob;evt r.. producing a report ,on the sub He ii4d
A the ,rcurestasose of the case referred to heYr. re,'
eiteerviug that ill sight be • o••• of bauaiity, but rt was
sot one of Poetise.

winid to o;11tre
Sir It. PHIL• n toa 'abject in which
he tad; • pent beterest, and he trusted the bone would
beer with kin in the satenien be was about
to Make: kr tbeeght that iu the preemie ember-
ressiug of foreign affairs it wee rat dear.
age that Wee lisa eiljournmeet for the Liner venation
sem* eznanin A epaai.in 'bond be pre with nifeence
I. the main A land. the nenteslity of which he
believed he be eery seriously threaten& (Hoer, beer.)
Hie ebbe& mew Is madenewer, he night mu% to save
Switzerland by • ezventen _tsympathy
which he wee sere the bare nil the country felt for
if; for he Ad Nib that liwitendend wee meet gravely me-
naced he the peeilien of Abbe in bar immolate* neighbour-
hoof As se indliriand be inn admit that he took the
lonia,' Mewed in the widen* of • country is whisk be
hail hood Me =ley your., at • very inveve-
marl* paned of ►his (baghter and
Aver.) hut he pet that nide. He stood the,.
as an ..Milikass, ia the free pertinent of • free
pin
to ad... 4e the nine:pl.. of liberty wherever they
be found. and I. earnivo .zr t.. maintain threw
they_ Might be imperilled. (Her. beer ) He
ehoeld hentieded and happy if when he reneened his mat
he • roma-ion of he fwen able to draw forth from
the Ir..- as ezprianoei of that empathy which he thought
novo tan at then noctom. Is al* dratviten then Int
we. .le •• oar ef repugnant the inieranninia smile by the
lea aronlier for Dirmingliaza (Mr. bright) against those
who n. Is ..soled the intenent of inreve 'pint the wee- ,1
en M v pdiry Phone. The lies. member wee very severe
ia knee oft theme who ventnnill ki differ frees hint
• Jodie,. .1 anatinre. Tin all knew the reader of hie
; het he ventured to any that Amen ei=ewe in
the bone. deemed he.. hire is the an.ffnglielli which
ee be would seszensen her Majwity'• timiremsog to porn.'
thus Womb Moot Atom / Ta• bis member re-
mhos.' Om at tbe hen, alone for Dridgewater
lkl r. K..alb i ea mein ea those which baitbeen
In , and by two or throe able members of tii=d;
but Soar ninon wen sow the opinions .1 her Majeety'.
pen eraa.4.l. (Hear. hear.) The mender for Ingsgbani
roil h.. repudiated thou. ape.iefi because he wee the rept, peat lidli.h cartitipm.7 , 'men" wen all
~ I a.. r r..lkrtm cepecity repreeeneati.e. of the ereatiaraeut
Ito try ; mad the boa. member, in iog
the wk..% Iwz Maywity's governmeni, re • sine
new • 4 teethe of those by whoa. he was returned.
This, hewenr, was the bon. gilltlrnamt..
ow', he bail better bait to it, for :1 the Reform

Ili Pulled beasopreltably led Mme& mesh in the mon '
eoatid as the boa ineedeir for Aeldoss-Me the
reeder
p=ll,o WU.the
this sedeneeed to the house that we lad me
direct intend in the vegan hossiitel otimononnthod
1111 railed Wig dthe sentry. (Hear ham)
this anion before nriturds he far M. Peel)
ass admen log
any nhe
rellei
friendly to to her Mejrnieli govennent. He could only wish,
se his boa. hied the member Horabere mid the
other eight, to stregthen the heads of her Ma-
jorty's ministers m the need anuipmey-he
weld rady wish that her MajestAreenementeliodd adopt
=worthy of this crony. They had shirr peat
oe several omen= is arowesing question put
to then co the subject of foreign erne ; bet he
' that • generally differed knowledge ey nag *air pefky
duriag the last few weeks really had hese would not
bliss ha__-
jurioas to them. He certainly behoved that the views ex-
pired by the noble lord the Fridge Seeneary bed had a
per effect in this country, and that those views had im-
measurably enhanced the opinion which this country enter-
tained of the straightforward policy of the noble lord.
(Hear, hear.) Why, then, not let them know what this
answer to Y. Thounnel really was ! They had been
promised the document, and why was it not produced !
They bed been led to indented that it was a very
seined newer, and that wee sII they could low
about it. Aa to the fif cif Bleeps ng cippeeed to
• consideration of this ion, he Id only torment that
Rada was at the mensal neeplid with a poi guselaa
of dombedie policy • bat Prernk, with her
assay aad trintizelhlmmilt e• greahme"=-
tenet is 8 • led toga wilijuniimeapremei is
the despatch of Brew flinlelmile (Mama. Nee wee it
likely that Gomm veil ewer kept the smiths
withwere heeled Ipso lew by Prune uma
from there lat:e. menu of Wellington
and die sword if Illeieler. Beer, Uer.) The (lemmas
meat feel deeply whew the was threatened. They
were told that Austen would sot men berme soling
bad bee dose for her when tar provisoes were taken from
her. It was tree that Adria had suffered a heavy
calamity ; but those who had followed the Italian
compaign would admit that =nag could be more
heroic than the conduct of her Winn. (Lewd elm.)
Of erns the sympathies of the house were with the
ham ; but they must admire the miner in which the
Amnion troops had fought Oder the dkeeles el Aloes
who Were, perhaps, to • erten extant, unequal to the
emergency. There were two greet rinse el the en
harranneut of Adria-religion ad lions Of the
35,000,000 of Arena sehiseeN 3,000,110 wore try
and their feelings bed neessesrily
by the concordat of 1886. The fiamaral difteeddes of Ave-
tria were still more serious ; for they dirsolly_ affected the
news of war. Within the last 10 years her debt liedgrown
ao lees than 150 per cent., and more than eight time her an-
mml Her loans had proved failures oe bourse
a Mamma ; and rich being the difficulties with she
had to goateed was it likely that she would take say active
part to reeler
the warren of Frame! Nevertheless, her
sympathise were sea* in favour of Switzerland ; as,
l t believ the hasp of Germ
any generally. to
bi they aske ed d
what it was that now sing
down Switzerland, he bad no difficulty in glowering it was
the unhappy policy of France. (Cheers.) He was one of
those who at first thought, ae everybody else did in this
country, that France was acting a noble and disinterested
part by Italy ; but thee rame this "ware penis,"--this
dean to obtain " use terriloire de tea. pen Mendowi."
But however small that territory might be, it was
of the greatest imporemos to Switzerland, both
strategetically and politically. It was absolutely necemary
to the salvation of that country. Ike the list 230 years
those provinces had been considered essential to her welfare;
and as to Savoy, why that was the territory which Cern
!weigh, Cbuicarty, Capo instria, and Poem di BOIXO-ii
fact. England and Rusais-had refused to allow Faros in
1814 to take. In 1814 France desired to have Chablais,
which abetted on Switzerland, in order to give her • foot-
ing on the Lake of Geneva ; but England and Russia were
thee absolutely determined that she should not have it,
and she had now taken it without asking. He
endured if the Emperor of the Preach ever read the
Bibb! (Loud laughter.) This was • very serious matter.
(Hear, bear.) Well, but if ever he did read the Bible, he
(Bkßobert Peel) wondered that it did not bring back to
his recollection that very small territory which Ahab, King
of Israel, wanted to take from Naboth, the Israelite. That,
too, was "use territoire on tree per Mends." He
wanted it for mosey--(laughter)--and he took it with
blood. And what was the consequence TI,. cry of the
weak arose like a seerillos to the hty, mid the expos-
tonne/ this rich ma were bloated and disappointed (Loud
eners.) 8o it would be in abs present case. We were sot
living at a period of time for them miracles, but be hoped
that the cry of the week bed still an echo in the govern-
ment of the country, and be was sure, at all events, that it
would in the House of Cceamons. (Cheers.) We ought
not to disregard national feeling ; and, indeed, we never
had dens so in this country. He recollected the saying
of a peat parliamentary orator, when a number of per-
son were teeing to jewsuade the hone to urge the govern-
awed to adopt a policy of cowardice. of which he hoped
they would have no example at the present day. (Hear.)
When people were contending that Bonaparte could govern
the Speen& better than they could govern thwasidves,
Mr. Caring. with that eke for which he was remarkable,
declared spinet trampling on the instinct of nationality.
He (Sir R. Peel) trusted that now this national feeling cif
Switzerland against the aggression of France would be con-
sidered worthy of some attention from the house and the
country. (Hear, hear.) What was the basis upon which
N. Thouvenol rested his qualification for taking these pro-
: eine& He said, first, "We will consult the popula-
tion ;" but the population declared against him. He
then said, "V. e will refer it to the mu=
ties;' but the municipalities voted for
Ind by large majorities. He then " It shall
be referred to the great powers:" but before the powers
could give an answer, he went in and took the province.
It was impossible to avoid contrasting the conduct of the
Victor Emmanuel of 1814 with that of the present sove-
reign. In 1514 the great powers went to Victor Emmanuel
to try and induce him
_to yield up this province, and they
hodgreater thmesit7 in doing so; and Mese-
gratify he would only give them up on the con-
dition that Chablala and Faucigoy should be cow-
bind in neutrality. The plenipotentiaries of the day
said there was the greatest difficulty in malting ea im-
pression on the King, who objected to giving up "8o
phis anciene et plus Melee sujeta." And these were the
ancient and faithful subjects which the Victor Emmanuel
of the present day was so ready to sacrifice. (Hear, hear.)
He (Sir R. Peel) said that the sovereign who could do so
was unworthy to reign over such subjects. The hon. mem-
ber for Birmingham said, "Perish Savoy. The industry of
Lyons will double your income, and therefore you can
easily ' shunt your loyalty." (Loud laughter.)
Mr. BRIGHT -I did not say it.
Sir It. PEEL-Eh! (Loud laughter.) Why, in this ease
it was the loyalty of the sovereign that was at stake. The
hon. member sail, " Perish Savoy ;" but he (Sir R. Peel)
should say, "Perish the future destinies of that country
which sought to increase its power by *medicine the liber-
ties of half • million of people who for eight centuries had
been the mainstay of its defence." The ambassador of
FROM said that :.(aeoy was a barren rock, a sentence which
he could net to often stigmatise, became the people of that
barren rock were as worthy of consideration asthe most
powerful nation. Even their loyalty made them more
happy than the enjoyment of the Industry of Lyons or the
duplication of their incomes. (Laughter.) He wit. almost
afraid that Savoy was gone. In fact • deputation had gone
to the Emperor. It was recorded that they came-it was
really most amusing to read the account-no one could tell
where from they arrived in can in the Place Vendome
Mooed in the national costume. They dined with the
Emperor, and received photographs signed "In me-
mormin"--(laughter)--of the 24th March. (Continued
laughter.) Since that time they had net been beard of.
(laughter.) It was a very curious thing, as connected with
his name, that when the Emperor was taking leave he made
one remark to the deputies from Chablais, which was close
to Switzerland. Hi. Majesty said,' Are there any barracks
in your reentry !'"llie deputise answered, " Oh yes, sire,"
when the Emperor observed, "Je vain von envoyer dee
troupes ; ca donne de Is vie et de )'animation au rye'
(Laughter.) He (Sir R. Peel) thought that was charming ;
that was the way In which a people were to be riden over-
that was the sort of encouragement which the people Were
to meet heel the empire. It was a curious point to oh.
wee. that the family of Napalms were always talking
and Illterty. A letter had been published the other day
from the OM Emperor, and that letter showed that the
proud isssperor was following emery the same policy,
folent Wig& we should always be upon our guard.
la that better to his brother Joseph, who wee
a slid is., the Emperor " Lod you favour
the naticeal feeling ; but in private he said,
" (melt the national feeling-Brulez Moque ou six
grog bump, ra donee' de l'annatiou et de la elite mut
solar.* Savoy would have to undergo the raw suffering.
Bwitemiseel was now is anger ; and let him tell the hoes*
that the " Question Mies " was quite diffenet hem the
" Question &MOW." H. could not help here remarking
with whet sagacity the Preaident of the SwiesConfederation
foresaw ail that bad ear takes Are. He rid to
Harr* "Intone her Majesty's government that CiMaloaf
vital isspertance to the refry and idependencs of Switzer-
Mad that flaunt-especially Haute flovoie-shoeld never
he aromoird to Vranc e. In that came the flank of Switzer
lead would be open, and the insure of Gears would in.
.=
follow." He laid further, with • perfect know-
n whet was to par before- Reuillini-h• me•at,
in Fifer aselogy to what subsequently averred, " In 1792
AIMS elinele4 Kivn .• • in 1716 she annexed Geneva.°
The bee. member for Birmingham mid that the posersioa
ef Savvy was politie.dly worth7w. Now, let him correct
that errommus Impression of the how member with • refu-
tation whielt be was enabled to give. The President of the
Swiss Ciderieration said it was of vital importuner to the
safety NA independence of Switzerland Lens N
said, is ass of his letters, " Not only will Savoy give le
Urn dee -Ups to the French territory, by maws if the
greet read of the Simplon, but it would give ea or de
gnome no inagnilique champ de basins pour use Inn
offensive on defensive." The hoe. memberfor
thee, hid made an reertion which was witlioet=
T o Fire Napoleon east, For military mums the raw
patios of Switzerland is absolutely sererary, and on polities!
growl& I come to the sine exichrion ; therefore, on political
and military ground, it is important that Savoy should heirs
se Frame." In the same year Napoleon took Olnere, and
demanded two military roads, ore by Conniea and the
other over the Simples. He robbed the town of Bern at
ore of 42 sullen d franca, sad Switserland had or as

• " " f
7Xli •88, AA+ORDAY E , MARCH 31, 1860.

. • •
pd the barren MlMei gag her by the !math
me_ tiagrahr. Hat the Iteileat west aa
Bwigue:Fartelit HAW, ber great the bear et
Geptain Hartle tell bia ed
not be alarmed, as there would he as ____dine
of neutral territory until Um soment d the rowels
eignitaries of the hasty of lift hell bees eldeiegil.fbr
it might be sass thet • previa°, ems immieff without
that consent. Aiwa, on the 19th Jwarisry, Captain Harris
wrote to the noble lord the Minister beffeesips Affair!, had
▪ "The Praident has come to me spit, sad, Warm to
the idle Tampa of annexation, mei fna spit to im-
press the geperlame ci the ore es bar Illajney's
Bttel to theHe added that it wadi be meet
beleyemlease at the emedry." let
there was greet eatieteetion Pima by be
avower
of the noble Iced the reember for Lades, gives be him pir
IL Peel) when he asked the question, and which he
peemiianto Ned to Axe home. He (84IL Peel) saki=
noble lord ifbe wereriady to iscrifce the neutrality of
sedan& The noble lord replied, in langerge worthy at him,
" The Swim government has asked whether, in see id the
annexation of Savoy, we are prepared to meint•in the nee-
trelity of Switzerland, and we have sheep replied that we
were determined to do so. The districts of Cita-
bilge and Faurzigny are part of an arrangement
which guaranteed Switiertand, and if we consent
that Savoy should be annexed, it would be on condition
that thane districts were given to Switmerland." (Hear.)
It was curious that M. Theoreml should have also made the
same assertion. He told amour in a written document
that if the provinces were =mixed to Frames, Mulish sad
Isaeigny should go to Switzerland. Here was a sentence
enbesquently written by the same gentleman, an extinordi-
nary principle for the nineteenth century—" The right of
alienation belonged to every soverefnc who could cede any
part of his state to another power." This was establishing
what was called the divine rifOt of kings, which he B.
Peel) for one could not give his assent to. He souM not
agree to the doctrine that this people who had been seems-
towed to liberty, should hill into the hands of a man
al the most severe despotion, and the most over-
bearing ambition of conquarts. H. Thauvesel said
that this neutrality also bed not been weed with a
view to the protection ei the Swim frontier, W-
easce it wan guarded by an impenetrable barrier.
He wanted to see England take a stand worthy of her. The
bon. member for Birmingham said that England always
isnominimuly failed when she interfered in the affairs GI
foreif countries. He, however, was not of that opinion.
Did Mr. Pitt ignominiously fail in hie foreign policy, or Hr.
°Assisi, or Lord Aberdeen, or Lord Oaatleresigh I (Haar,
hear.) Or to come down later, had the foreign intertwines
of Lord Paheseeton ignominiously failed? Had not that
=pea to emirs 30 years of freedom end
under the rule of • wise and enlightenTlV
(Hear. bear.) Had the noble lord's policy failed in 1
1830, and 18.0? What they wanted now was • generous
and Timor protest spinet the annexation of those pro-
vinces to Prance. He recollected the protest which was
made by the noble lord the present Secretary for Foreign
Affair. in the year 1847, aganst the conduct of the three
powers, when they combined to suppressz the freedom of the
town of Cracow, mad he hoped the ministry of which the
noble lord was • member would pursue a similar
course in the present Instanoe. Upon that occasion
the noble lord said that we held ourselves bound by all our
nta to keep the fame and the name sad the honour
, elgEnic:own of England unsullied, and to guard that
sullied honour as a jewel which could sot be tanishod. He
I hoped that the government ot this country led no. deigns- I
rated since that period. We were not, as • foreign paper
lately stated, the " Conyers," or the chamberlains, or be
nominees of any ix: court. That was a tree puha-
meet of a five pen e. We had always bees battling with
France, and our e orts had been directed to cheek the
e policy of that nation. We bed seconded in that
tent in the reign of Louis XIV., hi thetas, at Lola, XV.,
sad in the time of the first Napoleon. He taristed the pre-
sent Napoleon would not imitate that bY
white ba uncle had desolated Europe irter =him
in such :rimy our quarrel would be 'be just, sad, as Shah.

" Thrice is he armed who hath hie quarrel just."
He believed corruption now tainted the imperial policy of
France, and he thought that injustice would in such a case
sooner or later bring down the bitter fruits of retributive
condemnation. Be called upon the holm to join him in a
protest in vindication of the liberties and interests of Swit-
serlead. He asked them to allow him (Sir R. Pee l) to be
their interpreter upon that occasion in favour of an ancient
and loyal republic. He asked them to allow him, by anti•
to give expression to their wishes and to say, intim
einePann public opinion and public feeling, that on every
principle of justice, of honour, and of right, it was
abeolettely necesemy that those provinces should be 'a-
imed to Switzerland, otherwise they would inevitably
see that republic rook into the lowest depths to which it
could descend, and which would certainly be the conse-
quence of its annexation to France. (Cheers.)
The motion that the house at its rising should adjourn
until Monday next, was then negatived without a division.

THE INCOME TAX BILL.
The adjourned &Woos the Income-tar Bill, u amended,
Irma thee nonineet.

Colonel DUNNE entered upon a long argument to show
that helloed was unfairly taxed ; that she paid more than
she ought to pay to the• imperial treaeury. He oontended
that the material condition of Ireland had been overrated ;
that direct taxation was peculiarly objectionable in that
country, which would denve no advantage from the re-
minnow of duty to compensate for the additicsal income-
tax, which, in his opinion, should not be ►pplied to Leonid.
He moved to reduce the rate of the tax from 10d. to 9cL

at* views, es b s vesendenstion of the income tee, than
the peneent Aiken &own happened to be. no
Nina et Oareinene vim not in the same position as the
=Zes tipluton, aid if there was a strong
ia , or is the house, to inetitute
ge lolly id this the the object,
lbe et the midis, tia, being ad-
nits& might be that mush a
titildwbeild/X stye mensittee should
tad ; these etromenuiess her Majesty's
tMi t 1 erMlea der set oppose the appointment at
Itear.)- nem were two paid
Illentlerer In is nNh Amy mell buidee
ths WM* qnsiime sereim Om was that al the
AdillMinteni SS sisidem miespft_e• the a/ tie
WlZjeliektbese respestine me
ted;rigeseen and
mte Sat of enemplime, or
_Plead mstoptiour,
Pliselisenr became from tagelles. The question ci the
Willat of the eaheides was one which so
would come within tite view et the oom-
siillse, Gni wadi he MO at Ow yelaciptl objects el
fie ed • aseemftese. He had discussed
fitfi Isesthm en former oacesions, sad would not spin
maw now. The other Nab** was that at
the moved by the hoe. sober for Lunbeth,
tor mogdno ell incomes seder 1501. • year.
lb Wiens iSsdosigemperly, whet dill MOW this would
the In the mom* ell Sir receipts frost the income tax.
The Mimes Ada Sri rimadment of the hoe gentlemen
Om kr Lemibraminkl make would amount to be-
times end 11110,41111116 oat which, if sutract
tooln do wadi gitoo.o a baron on the wrob edog ado
et esessmi. He had se mime of stating the exact
411111= oonld estimate what it would ease to
D and E, andialging by that, he feared the
be are then 000,011 S 130 that if the amend-
-1111110 WINO Mhe sigied there would be no alternative but
SEA midi he ma gm* atria he mention—ea Maraud
Imams team. Thln win not • metter to be &peed of by
somilodig me* tongornry 1111nnitir, for he admitted it
al times Err owe and aw parshal ormiderstions.
Tin liblerjerthe ems win ohm* thie—hial Int be would
ergs list all the peeper& the most dasgeross wee a tax
ipso ineedersasser to a graduated seals. On the other
bottlian lion that, to a limited extent? it now contained
sled eth dld 'attain principle pernel redid on behalf
d wdoefOtli dalifi of the country. The bon. M-
OMS the meneber for Buckinghamshire desaibed the
between skilled and unskilled labour as
tles of tesation and non-taxation. He thought it
*Waren= jot to say that the point which divided
lbws ewe elmsase was the weekly of labour sad the
=lsdertord from property and in other forms.
et the labouring classes, it was true, received the
mpg of labors to the amount of even more than 2001.
yew; but these were only exceptional, cases. When the
benne tax was fret y introduced b Mr. Pitt, and down to
MIA although M had undergone many changes, the prin-
dgbe fri resoled= was applied to a point higher than it
was new applied-2001. a-year. Prescription and experience
were, in his opinion, better guides to determine the
limit than abstract reasoning. When the tax was
first introduced, in 1842, by Sir P.. Peel, in lieu of
the old system which admitted gradations up to 2001. a year,
Br B. Peel proposed that there should be one fixed limit—
via., 1501. a year. That plan was recommended by the
simplicity of its operation, by the circumstances under
which it bad been introduced, and by the promise that at
the end of • certain number of years it would be wholly
dimmed with. In 1863 cireemitanose had materially
adost Then there was noprobability that the tax could be
dlignood with, ad it was clear, upon • careful examina-
tion GM, expenditure of the different classes since 1842,
hs oonsionon ef thealmre retnimions of revenue which the
inimo to had porch , that that duo of income between
MK rd Mk which had been previously exempted should
soiled upon to bear its share of the national burden. In
donsdn, that proposal still stood good. It would be
beffietleg, not remitting an injustice, to go back to that
to in the form in which it was introduced by
lir IL PeeL Whether the present form was ar
we not the best mode of levying the tax was
• notner which he admitted was perfectly open to inquiry,
dank it could not be well entertained at the present time.
As to the proposed deductions from the lower incomes of
• certain amount, and laying the tax upon the remainder,
that proposal too deserved careful consideration should
they decide upon adopting any change in the present form
of levying the income tax. It would indeed be very satis-
Autrey to the man of 1061. a year that the tax was to be
levied upon only the 51. ; but it would be anything but
satisfactory to the revenue. He doubted if such • tax
would pay the expense of collection on surpluses such as
those of 11., 31., he. Wherever they fixed the point
the diffkulty would be sure to occur, whether of 100/. 2001.,
or 3001. • year incomes. A case had recently. come before
him, where a person whose employees had given him 1491.
a_ year in order that he might not be liable to the tax,
thought himself in conscience obliged nevertheleuhtpatt
intax, and not only paid the tax which
but also added interest. (laughter.) He hoped the
house would, in dealing with this tax, be guided by expo-
risme Lod tradition rather than by abstract theory or by
an endeavour to lay down new and arbitrary rules.
Mr. DISRAELI said the whole subject of the income-
tea had been exhausted by a committee which bad sat for
two years, and modifications had been made in it, recog-
nising the distinction between permanent and casual in-
comes. But the Chancellor of the Exchequer had de-
nounced the tax as an immoral enormity, and called for
its termination, and the government of 1852 had been
turned out of office because they did not deal with this
fix properly. Yet, in spite of a kind of compact he
had entered into with the country, and with
zomoool. at his disposal, the same minister had
ostentatiously applied it to other purposes. The Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer had termed this a tax of
gigantic proportions ; but who made it so? He bad stig-
matised the tax as immoral and intolerable, and proposed
that steps should be taken for its gradual abolition, and. now
came forward, in 1880, virtually to double the tax.
Upon a division, Mr. Williams's amendment was nega-
tived by 174 to 94.

The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER opposed Use
motion, pleading, as upon previous occasions, the exigency
of the Exchequer.
The motion was nerstivel
Mr. W. WILLIAM. moved an amendment to exempt
incomes under 1501.

Sir IL WILLOUGHBY urged the unequal pressure of
the tax on swan incomes, and asked whether the govern-
ment contemplated the appointment of a committee to In-
quire into its inequalities.
Mr. HUBBARD asked for information respecting the
future policy of the government in regard to the tax.
Mr. ROEBUCK complained of its pressure upon poor
clerks and poor gentlemen.
The diemiasion was continued by Alderman Salomon', Mr.
Barrow, Mr. P. Urquhart, Sir AL Farquhar, and other
member

The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said he
would Week notice the chief points which had been !lased
in this oenversation. There was first the appeal made to
him by the hon. member for Buckingham, who said he
would absolve the government from the duty of fore-
shadowing the tinaacial policy of the next seven years to
come, but he hoped that they would not re-
fuse to sketch out • Impend view of what they
would propose in 1861. Now, if they were in • condition of
affairs which would permit of any safe anticipations as to
what would be done in 1861, they might not find it very
difficult to go farther ; but the truth was this. In times
when the expenditure of the country was in • stable and
normal state, and when, from the state of political affairs,
or from the state of the public mind, there was no reason to
anticipate any great change in the scale of expenditure,
nothing could be more reasonable than toendeavour to form
plans for a more extended future than twelve months only
in respect of taxation, and to sketch out the probable finan-
cial operations of the government, for it was the expendi-
ture of a country which must regulate the amount
of taxes to be raised. Those who thought the expenditure
of this country was in • normal state might therefore think
it reasonable to serum° it as • fixed quantity, and make
=at supply for it ; but that was not his opinion. He
tet7hink the present ezpeediture of the country ought
to be assumed as its nominal amount in peace. He doubted
the wiadoni, the safety, and almost the possibility of main-
taining that expenditure in peace, and therefore the go-
' vernment had not thought it wise to attempt to sketch out
at the present moment the future of a dm the most im-
portant elements of which were necessarily involved in un-
certainty. He thought it impuesible, then, to veil-
' tare on any definite indication of what might
be the views of her Majesty's government if they
should hold office twelve months hence. Another point of
peat importance which had been diecussed was, that of the
thequahtees of the income-tax, and in the main he admitted
what bed been stated with respect to those inequalities,
thenglit, however, would be found, upoo a counts
cad Mined examinatick that other taxes likewise had
many pons inequalities in their operation which were per-
haps veiled and covered by those of the income tax,
the latter being tolerably patent. But he did not
deny that there were may inequalities in the in-
come tax over and above the great and vital
question of whether it was just to tax incomes at
an uniform rate, without any reference to their being
' either permanent or precarious. To take the mingle case
of schedule A : there were great inequalities within
schedule A itself as between house property on the one
la= sad landed property on the other ' • and house pro-
perty, no doubt, was much more severely taxed than landed
property. Taking house property, again, by itself; there
were different classes of house property,. sad the repairs of
homes, varying according to the madame in which they
were, the materials, the building, the climate, the exposure,
sad many other circumstances, would cause the property to
vary from 5 per cent. to
.25 or 30 per cent. The question
had been asked whether the government were prepared, oe
their own responsibility, to propose a committee of inquiry
into the income tax, with • view to a removal of those 1110.•
qualities. He was bound to say that her Majesty's govern-
ment were not prepared to propose such a committee, he.
mum be did not thank it was the duty of the government
to =beak, on their own respunailehty, the subject of a
pest, a muck tax like this, to the scrutiny of a conwisit-
tee of the House of Commons, with a view is, the removal of
eerie= =Deana defects, unless the government were conscien.
kinselypirsualed that itwaa iu theirpower to make proposals
to the anamittee, and to lay plans before the committee,
wide k we, likely, after uniiesioing the ordeal of examina-
tion there, to hem in • removal or great mitigation of the
defeels mad evils of the tax. If the government could see
:irßitisoLoch • remit, nothing could be more rational
mil • than to invite the attention of the hoos
• select committee, to the subject, but they did
sit me their way to such • result, and it would be se unwisr
thy attempt to evade difficulties, mid to catch popularity, if
they =re to eneourage expectations with regard to their own
AVM and powers, with respect to the income tax, which
they did nut seembentheirofw yetohobenesabwlehotowefelp. thereof
11/0111 MO] inentlaman
=perique* and ability in these natters, and who, rupee.
mein large bodies of the people, were more sanguine in

kitty Inte['Janne.
____...._
COURT OF PROBATE AND DIVORCE.

XAwn 30.
(Before tie Judge Ordiory.)
MOLD c 1131. D

This was a testamentary suit. The testator died in July
bet, leaving property to the amount of 6,000 L, which he
had saved out of his business of cowkeepbg. Ha had been
twice married. His AM wife died in December, 1815 ; and
M married the defendant a few days afterwards. This
mead menhir was sot a happy one. The deceased used
to employ the defendant to collect his rents, and he was not
satisfied with her conduct in that capacity. The disputes
which arose out of these money transactions led to two or
it,.. separations. In May, 1855, the deceased executed a
will, depriving both her and her daughter of any share in
his property, and dividing all he possessed between the
ix other children whom he had had by his farmer
wife. Tbe defendant returned to him after this; hot
although he made a codicil in October, 1858, he did not
substantially alter the will he had executed. That instru-
ment was now propounded by the executors ; and it was
by the widow, on the ground of undue *aerationWprdty.
opposed by
The evidence of this incapacity was said
to be an insane delusion under which the testator laboured,
inanely, that his wife and daughter were cheating him. A
peat amber of amounts were produced to show that she
had always been &mutate, but on crosmexaminatioo she ad-
mitted that when the tenants were in swear aim bad her-
towed mcnay to pay them, in order that her husband might
not complain. Wir'husband had MOO ems-toyed an old man
to look over her books ; and he was not able to say that
they were correct. Field was himself unable to write his
name.

Di DOOM, C. Dr. Swabs-, and Yr. Prentice, appeared
for th. plaintiff; Mr. Serjeant Shee and Dr. Spinks for the
defendant. _ _ _

The opposition to the will was eventually abandoned in
consequence of an intimation from the court that it could
not be sustained after the defendant's admissions.

The jury therefore found for the plaintiff, and
The court refused probate, and refused the defendant her
costa out of the estate.