The Express.
London, England, 1866-08-23 00:00:00

[STAMPID, id. ADD/TIONAL.

THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION.

distinct spades can, under certain favourable meal-
time, prods** intermediate earring capable of reWodue-
- tion, continuity in some mode or other is admitted.
(ram opt own airoams.) The-question then takes this form. Are there species or
are there not! Is the word to be used aerdsW • real,
•NtIITIIiOBAIt, WISSIMISDAL =tuna distinction, or ea a mate convenient derivation
Thin morning the signs of a proximate crowded al 14d3,t0 subdivisions PercachcPcs which will
.Meting were especially manifested. The rem, Ipr Mini ditiesus on Me deru nat
.
aim room Presented an animated, and on the an ute fixity!, The Maas question, in a w sense,
"'"' and takuig list 4 consideration a much longer
we it • hilwY Kenn, although, in fact, the principal time, would be applioaliti to genera and families.
liasirtees was the • of friends and acquaint- Actual experiment his dose little I. elucidate the quer
amen, the interchange of courtesies, and the giving tam, nor, unless we can suppose the experiments mutt-
and accepting of invitations. Most of the familiar lined through Motioss generations, is it likely to contri-
bute much to its volution. We mast therefore have re-
faces were to be seen. Notably was to be observed „orm to thes.hgode`par sr . wa„„ti. gree, the
Professor Philips (the retiring preaident), Lord luta of sect, pa,,,„.€.10„:".a physiology, aided by
lifrottealey, Sir Roderick Murchison 'Profeesor analogy from laws of NAM, which attars evidences
IPlayfeir, Sir John Lubboek, Mr. Frou;cie thelkinv in other departments. The doctrine of gradual snooamion
Admiral Belcher, Colonel Sykes, M.P. Mr. kr 'hardly yet formnlarleed, and though there are some
oreatford web)), of Reiresead Abbey, ranthovelass for certain modifications elm& view,
) of &Obesity would messearily be Oa
WC Hind, Sir J. Bowling, Mr. James the Per=dilarGeology and paissontology am recent
Heywood, Mr. W. leirbairrt, Mr. Le-Neve sciences, and we cannot tell what the older authors would
' *miter, &et A tolerable idea of the progress of the have thought or written had the more recently
meeting may be formed from the following Asti*. dissevered facts been presented to their view. Autho.
field stetement of ttiambsee and associates enrolled
.rilT tkerefdiscrwriors, doeemeneeentedt mob, help
ta
eatiron thipzisertest
than;
up to Tuesday night • mimic', to show complete extinction of certionspesim and
Old Lifir•=7........:=lT £o 0 0 the appearance of new ones, great grips existing between
100 0 0 the •wactiihrtice of the extinct end the new species. As
Old Anne iL,„— B2 0 0 • edema eileanood, them wore mom err less filled ep , the
We*
Aasociates
Indite
Fareigneen 1
progseiter of a mammal, or to suppose at some weenier
period of time a highly developed animal le lam come
out of nothing, or suddenly Fors eat el asulr4llo
matter, would appear et lot eight equally extrava.
gent hypotheses. -As an effort of Almighty creative
power, neither of these alternatives presents more
culty than the ether, but ar we hem no memo
of amertaining how creative pewee worked, lint by
an examination and study of the weeks themselves, we are
not likely to get either side proved to ocular demonstra-
tion. A tingle phase in the progress of transmutation
would probably require • term far transcending all that
embraced by luirtormal records ; and on the other band, it
might be said, sudden creation*, Omagh taking plum
frequently, if viewed with reference to the immensity of
time involved in geologcal periods, may be so rare with
reference to our expenemir, and so difficult of clear
authentication, that the noncibeervetion of such instarces
cannot be regarded se absolute disproof of their possible
occurrence. The moss the gaps between sprees are
filled up by the discovery of intermediate emetic., the
stronger becomes the argument for transmutation and
the weaker that for successive creations, because the
former view then becomes more and more con-
✓itient with experience, the titter more ltinerdant
from it. As urdoelited caw of variation more or
less permanent, from given characteristics are pro-
duced by the effects of climate, food domestic,
Lion, he., the more species are increased by intercalation,
the more the distinctions slide down towards those which
are within the limits of suck observed deviations ; while on
the other band, to suppose the more and more frequent
recurrence of fresh creations out of amorphous matter
is • multiplication of miracles or special interventions not
in accordance with what we see of the uniform and gradual
of nature, either in the «gado or Merge/Ms
pwrOrde". If we were entitled to sonchule that the progress
of discovery would continue in the same course, and that
mecies would become indefinitely multiplied, the dis-
tinctions would become infinitely minute, and all lines
of demarcation would cease, the polygon would be-
come • circle, the succession of points • hen. Certain it
is that the more we observe, the more we increase the sub-
division of species, and consequently the number of these
supposed creations ; so that new creations become innu-
merable, and yet of these we have no one well-authen-
Melted Metopes, and in no other observed operation of
nature have we seen this want of continuity, these frequent
per whom deviations from uniformity, each of which is a
miracle. The difficult of producing intermediate offspring
from what are termed distinct species and the infecundity
in many instances of hybrids are used as strong enumerate
against continuity of succession;on the other hand, it may
be said long-y*l4=6d variation through countless genera-
tions has given rise to such differences of physical character,
that reproduction is difficult in some cases and in others
impossaile. Suppose, for instance, M to re=
a parent-race whom offspring by sameerive
through eons of time have divariosted, and produced en
the one hand a species A, and on the other • species Z,
the changes here have been so great that we should never
expect directly to reproduce an intermediate between A
and Z. A and B on the one hand, and Y and Zon the
other, might reproduce ; but to main the original type
M, we must not only retrocede through all the
intermediates, but must have similar circumstances re-
called in an inverse order at each phase of retrogres-
sion, conditions which it is obviously impossible to fulfil.
He had of course, he said, been able to indicate only • few
of the broad arguments on this most interesting subject ;
for detailed results the works of Darwin, Booker, Huxley,
Carpenter, Lyell, and others must be examined.
The address was warmly applauded, and at its
conclusion a vote of thanks was passed to Mr.
Grove on the motion of Lord Bolper, seconded by
the Mayor

in' • 1,9311 £1,437 0 0
The number at memelien and reeelpts of the association at
be* year was—Old- life members, 290; new
lib menaltam, ; old anauel meenitem,lllll; new manual
members, 1448 • ammintes, 767 ; WM* 508 ; and
23 foreigner+, ;taking the total number of members, 1,998;
and the animist reenmel was 2,2271.

The first formal action of the association was
taken at one o'clock to-day, when a meeting of
tithieideneral committee was held in the Mechanics'
, Professor Philips, the President, in extrentio,
' the chair. The business was merely formal,
consisting or the presentation of reports. Amongst
them was that of the Council, the principal items
of which were a statement of the addition of a num-
ber of distinguished foreign men of science, who
attended the meeting at Birmingham last year,
led a recommendation that Mr. Thomas Archer
Hirst, Ph.D., F.H.8., Professor of Mathematical
Physics is IJaiversity College, London, be
appointed joint general secretory of the associa-
tion (he was subsequently duly elected). The report
at the parliamentary committee consisted chiefly
at complaints that the late session had passed
ogitliout any step being taken to promote the
milady of science in our public school while that of
tite Hew committee was very full and satisfactory,
eapecially noting the appointment of a particular
e9monittes to consider and report on a comprehen-
we list of meteorological questions. With an an-
meat of the names of the sectional officers
business of the meeting dosed.
In the evening, at eight o'clock, the whole body
at members, associates, and visito'n assembled in
the theatre to listen to the inaugural address of the
I nor president for the ensuing year. Professor
Philips, the retiring president, having formally re-
signed the chair to his successor, Mr. W. B. Grove,
that gentleman proceeded to deliver the address.

Re commenced by referring to the step by step advances
add& had resulted in the machinery, almost resembling
otgwie bangs in delicacy of pinata., by which were
fabeiated products of world-wide reputation, observing
that the powers of matter applied to give motion to that
machinery were so far removed from what must have been
the conceptions of the semi-barbarians who at one time in.
hahitml the caverns narounaing Nottingham, that if those
men could rise from their graves it was doubtful whether
they would be able to look upon the t Mats of things
with intelligent wonder. Science had also greatly advanced
during the present century in the study of our own planet,
and the ormolu beings with which tt was surrounded, and
in so much of the universe as vision, aided by the tele-
scope, had brought within the scope of observation. An
important, though by no means the only cause of the rapid
progress of science, was the growth of associations for the
promotion of physical knowledge generally. Raving
! spoken of the advantages of the many associations
of that kind which had been established since
the foundation of the Royal Society two centuries
ago, and of the special advanaiges which this
association enjoyed from its intermittent and peripatetic
character, he proceeded to speak of the benefits of early
! training in physical science, and of the anxiety therefore
of its votaries to see it recognised by the principal educa-
tional establishments and by the government. The earlier
a mind was trained to a pursuit the deeper and more per-
manent were the impressions it received.

iyar.

Quo serael eat Irabuts reeens, serrabit odorem
Testa din. _

It was sad to think of the number of so-called educated
men, who, travelling by railway, voyaging by steam-
boat, consulting the almanac for the time of sunrise or
full moon, had not the most elementary knowledge of •
steam-engine, a barometer, or a quadrant, while they
were in a state of erase ignorance
rance as to the cause of the
trade winds or the form of a comet's path. It was but
of late that the great departments of government
bad seriously encouraged physical science, but now the
habit of consulting men of science on questions of national
interest was becoming • recognised practice. 1 more de-
finite sphere of usefulness for those duly qualified men
who might be content to give up the more tempting study
of &behest science for that of its practical application,
would, he had no doubt, in time be provided, and the Kew
Observatory, the petted child of the British Association,
might possibly become en important national establish-
ment, and, if so, while it would not, he trusted, lose its
I character of a home for untrammelled physical research, it
would have superadded the Meteorological Department of
1 the Baird of Trade with a staff of skillul and experienced
. observers. One word would give the key to his discourse
i —that word was continuity. The more they investigated
1 the more they found that in existing phenomena grades-
, tion from the like to the seemingly unlike prevailed, and
that in the changes which took place in time gradual pro-
and apparently must be, the course of nature.
Applying this theory to astronomy, he spoke of the re-
searches_, welsiarch,,which had shown that of gravitation pervaded
the universe, and of the probability of its being ascer-
tained within another hali century that the now seseanagly
vacant interplanetary spaces were occupied by smaller
bodies still, which had hitherto escaped notice. lie then
L":lceded to illustrate the application of the same theory
branches of science, showing that magnetism and
electricity, light, beat, and chemical affinity were so con-
sorted Wee .e and with motion that they must be re-
garded as modifications of each other, and as resolving
themselves objectively into motion and subjectively into
something which produced or resisted motion, and which
i was called force. It was but • month from that time that
the greatest triumph of force-conversion had been attained.
The chemical action generated by • little salt water on a
few pieces of aim: now enabled us to converse with in-
habitants of the opposite hemisphere of this planet, and
- - ' ' - • •

gitbat arat Military.

ADMIRALTY, Action. 22.—The Admiralty intend
to resume the entry of cadets of the second clue in the
course of next month.
APPOINTM en/I.—Lieutenants W. Neilson, to the Hector;
A. Wsrry, to the Racxyon, for service in the Whiting.
Sub-Lieutenants T. L. Mallory, G. lJeborwe, and H. T.
B. Bruce, to the Lord Cl, de.
Midshipmen C. G. Nicholson, G. H. Moore, B. B. Lacy,
J. D. Michell., andA. M. Gardiner, to the Lord Clyde ;
C. Harding to the Ocean.
Naval Cadets A Murray, L. E. Dick, and G. F. Haggett,
to the Lord Clyde ; W. C. Forrest to the Ocean.
Naval Cadets (Nominated) G. V. Megan Pawlett H. E.
Hungerford, Griffith G. Philippe, and James H. T. Burka.

THE FORTHCoMING CHI76CH CONOffefla. —The
following is the scheme, as at present arranged, for the
approaching Church Congress at York :—Tuesday, Octo-
ber 9.—At 8 a m., holy communion in the Minster. At
10.30 a.m.—Divine service, with sermon by the Archbishop
of Canterbury. At 2.30 p.m.—lnaugural address, by the
preaident ; "Obligation and due observance of the Lord's
day." Papers—Lord Bishop of Ripon ; Rev. T. &pin.
Speakers—Right Hon. J. Napier ; Rev. H. Stevens. At 7
1• Social Condition and Recreations of the Poorer
Classes."
Papers—Rev. Canon Randolph ; Hoc. and
Rev. W. Lyttelton. Speakers--Colonel Akroyd, M.P.
Rev. H. I.le Bunion. Wednesday, October 10.—At 10 30
a.m. First Section—" Female Ministrations." Paper.—
Earl of Devon; Rev. J. S. Howson, D.D. Speakers—Hon.
Archdeacon Harris ; Rev. T. V. Fosbery. ' Lay Agency
in the Chisreh's Work." Papers—Earl Nelson ; Archdea-
con Hale. Speaker—Rev. (Amon Lansford. Remind Section
—" Improvement of the Process in Eoclesiastical Courts."
Paper—Sir Robert Phillimore, Q.C., D.C.L ; Speaker—
A. J. Stephens, Esq„ Q.C., LL.D. " Diocesan and Paro-
chial Organisation." Papers—Rev. Canon Atlay, D.D. ;
Rev. W. Cadman. Speakers—Rev. J. F. Usclearness ;
Rey. W. Wilkinson, D.D. At 2.30 p.m.—" Church Kates."
Paper—Archdeacon Denison. At 7 p.m.—First Section—
" Colonial Church and Foreign Missions." Papers—Rev.
W. Kay, D.D. ; Rev. E. Garbett. Speakers—Dean of
Capetown • E. 11. Cowell, Esq. Second Section—" Cathe-
drals, their Proper Work and Influence." Papers—Dean
of Ely ; Rev. J. Raise. Speakers—Dean of Chichester;
Rev. E. C. Mackensie Walcott, F.S.A. Thursday, Octo-
ber 11.—At 10.30 a.m. First Section—" Preaching. (Dog-
matic Teaching from the Pulpit.)" Papers—Dean of Kmly ;
Rev. Canon Shirley, D.D. SpeakeDean of Cork ;
Sidney Owen, Esq. " Diocesan Synod In relation to Con.
vocation and isra=t." Archdeacon Biaker.
steth, D.D. ; Bev. Canon Trevor. Speakers—Dean of
York ; A. J. B. Beresford-Hope, Esq., H.P. Second
Section—" Adult and Sunday Schools and Catechising."
Papers—Rev. E. Jackson • Rev. Fres. Hassey, D.C.L.
Sprakras—Archdesicon Pre4t ; Rev. J. Banisley. "Best
le of Attaching the People to the Church of Seigland."
Papere—Dean of Carlisle ; Rev. J. Erskine Clarke.
Speakers—Rev. G. H. Wilkinson ; Rev. R. Gregory. At
2.30 p.m.—" State and Prospects of the Churches of
Western Europe." Papera—Archdeacon Churten ; Rev.
F. Godfrey, D.C.L. Speekets—Rev. F. Meylek ; Earl
of Harrowby, K.G. At? Hymnoloy. Lecture,
Sir Bounden Palmer, Q.C., Y.P. Illustrated by a choir
under the direction of E. G. Monk, Esq. Mug. Doc.
Guardian.
Monetiffee • LANDLORD'S AGENT.—The evictions
of poor people from houses in Holborn produced a small
riot the sight before last, when an attempt was made to
eject various families in Union-court. Mr. Coleman, the
bailiff of the Sheriffs Court, to whom the warrants had
been entrusted for execution, had made amicable arrange-
ments under which most of the people bad speed to go
out, and in the afternoon a number of the families had re-
moved. The tenants generally agreed that if Mr. Coleman,
who has taken a great deal of trouble in this matter,
would come alone, they would turn out without any diM-
ouelty. It happen
_ed, however, rather Work:wil=
dens of the landlord's agents presented himself, sad
dietely Union-court became the scene el Musult. Paseri
of all characters and kinds rushed from Holborn into the
mart, and there was a soon a general riot. The agent was
very megbly used end lost his seta.
CRYSTAL PALACE. ORR S=ELLING DAY. .
WILDNIISDAY, AUGOST=.—Adndal6ooll on payment, 4,736 ;
ditto by season tickets, 1,214. Total visitors, 5,960.