The Express.
London, England, 1859-09-14 00:00:00

11011•11ATION Alto LAZOVIL.

The followiegiltelale;ltieLateat7the immigration
and emegratate the °pada( of the premed year
• . lerriv4kA,499, dePartedrl,974 ; Feb/vary, arrived
1,886 • three, arrived 9,492, departs/ 1,408;
Apr* carted 1,497, 'departed 1,610; May, arrived 2,234,
deputed 1,194; has (Melbourne oily), snivel 1 MC w
=lBo—Tatel arrived, 15,806; Intel arta. 9,930.
degarted, 8,930.—Net isemi*eties, ,876. About
this time led pot the streets of Mammas wad Geeing
were al* mem sat ci empleymeed. The um-
=the pogokehe bow state thou
Is Istmityosel at the ausatt woke Irt.diaboul
combat k d s ter mon easkteekey stead= km ft hat
bees ke moo*, wt. The ante* at talpook &flog
Me month kw Mon sumeroy wad the tubed Neer
games to OM there ere will of Mew room
without omployiesot. 6utl there to sat hat the Memos
what a drawly sodden *meeka to wire my be timed
our mock et lama wee wont to proton. TM fed is Mot
the ndlway works, which are beteg serried ma
empire iserith
alas,, I. irilketnalyliestilleihed by the Item-
skew that akhoosti we ars oa the nod emearitiag pelkkel
emotes: then en so looser ri.ible ate dielestest sod stir
eater, the Malmo of which the monster teeetisse sad la-
thy:mut prooreo et know days indicated. The eraser sad
sklllel epmstlwa, however., ocatieue to complete, miaow k
of the ram dd wages, as cf promaional sad partial
employment. The tab-ammo leg system be vigorously de-
nounced, but se perebtently adhered to as emir by the Mrge
castraeorm. The building trades limiest now generally well
tortuoled ; if there be an exceptios, it is with coped to tat
plasterers, who, we believe, have reams to °emplace of • went
• empluyorent. The semetated mamas are busy with their
cataract tor orscllas the ranopt,coe at Petted" sad the
Maeda** of the Memory and railway bridges and electrical
home tila alio very veil mimed.
The bream ken korly inpletal ploughing operable's,
ad coaseassatly au only to • position to employ • few
beads. Thu work cm the sheep station; exempt for fencers,
Y very limited ; most of the holders of mu in the colony
bevies fenced to their lead, the number of shepherds
sad hut-keepers Is much reduced. Married couples without
" micumbrares" appear to he the only clan d imialgmnis
required Ia the aim ot prate,. The. me wanted for farm
and statics eorekk

Female domestic mrvanta ars still in demand. Tim majority
of the young women whom MI holort for the purpose of
domestic terries sre totally axkn. The wages de-
manded by them ars anormone, and housekeepers com-
plain that mhir amount of work obtaimania boss
tha young porsoss May employ at • wags vary-
ing tram 281. to 40!. per annum in the lowest
imaginable arininiorm. Why do not tome of tans indus-
trious title of ths and Sodch conntim immigrate
to Australia? Thai la room for essay hundreds of them
lure, and no boaseitaspar would grudp the highest rate of
wages now pad if no could obtain a &mastic ormat who
wooti Carly sant it.
. - .

Mr. Werium, this proprietor of the Victoria Lebow Mut,
graves tho firelowhag ryes es current la Meltuuras:
With ratios': Married couples, without incumbrscers,
from 641. to 701. per imam; ditto with fuel..., 45/. to 561.;
let clam ploughman, 20.. pm week; ordieery ditto, 18.. to
20s. ; f.rm labourers, 15.. to 18.. ; bullock &trees for road.,
21.. to 22.. 60. ; farm ditto, 18e. to 20.. ; hay cutters
sad trusser., 6.. pm toe, or 3G4. tor week ;
sheptierts, 301. to 361. per mama ; Itut.ki open,
261. ; carters, 20e. to 265. per week ; *lumber',
fid. to 81. per bushel ; carpenters, 30a. to 36. per week ;
blacksmiths, 30s. to 360.; sad carpentrm 25e.; waiters,
20s. to 26a. ; cooks, 20e. to 46.. ; gezdoeere, 621. to 601 per
sanum. Without nitions-Csrpesten, lla to lio. per day;
brietisyers sad pilule/rare, 12s. to 144.; stomenzamas. 14s. to
175.; quarryzose, 9.. to Ile. ; fracas, 2s. be 2.. 42. per rod
of throe rail, sad according t a the ground; pick sad ahorel
wee, 34. per day; re of posts sad mils, 20s. to 255. per
100. scoording to the timber; stmesbreeketr, 4e. to 6s. For
yard, ac. admg to gauge. Females-Cooks sad laundry...es,
361. immure ; thorough servant.,3ol. ; imummaidet, 251.;
seeel,woinee, 261.; aunemalds, bet clue, 281.; tons girls,
151. t. 211.

The Madras limes says the senate of the Madras
Uaiversity hays resolved to recommend that academie and
adicial robes be adopted by tte asininity and worn on all
seeas'ent of cermorey. The native nianters cf the 'oast*
eppreved hied, of the prop:del change.

Tte Bombay Tomes mentions the appointment of
• twirl expedition from Bombay to North Easters Melon,
to arty oat the Wee ,Tetlee cf Captains Barton and Spam.
Mr. .1. Kennelly of the Indian navy, end mastery to the
Bombay Deogeoph*cal Society, sad Dr. Stlveeney mop= it.
The former is mild to be an scamplialted sotrononese and
mo•rorelestst, sod the latter a demilitarises sad natnrallet.
They at 3 mama at once to the great lake distract, and
endessoor to otemimaseigata the northernmost of the Wm.
They ere to set oat bNovember asst.

The Hinder. Patriot speaks of the satiefaltioo it
say abed the governor-general "to learn that though the
game la which he called upon the 14'1 penile of ladh to
leis to a general thankegiv:ng was sot one which readily rev
ammo& Itself is the Wei of their faith, which is its pad-
lasephle abstractedness rep agaires we such special dantantra-
boa of theskegiving, sell those aczong thee who have be.
cone acquainted with the mato. of Western worship COM
Larson with as good &tacitly as soy of their Chriatise fellow
aabjacta to readaa thou otadamoe to that oall."

CI BOOND-HAND PIANOFORTIB.-02
Millid°*4=="26==itil'
' :

ett eror els Is•

ATITICISIDOCIiI tot "ft iraki," Lao*
Luaing Payer, soloot tho Wok 10, borlo-oWoot,
by Two o'CWI ow the loy of peaked's.

MATMAPIPT.
To Ivava,THM MAPPINAT DAT OP MY LIFIL-TRI
OONTUBTAD mumoTION. Mr. sad ma C. Maa.-OUT OF
SIGHT OOP OF MUSD. Mc O. Mithea.-Aml MALLOMMIM.

RILITANIII4.
Two Ilvywrim, THIII komowEs. Yw N. www—luswEA.
W. Crsodord aad NW aselea. —A .00V. lISTICIL
/A WIT. Mr. 3. Ifead.—•Y 11/ 1111)=0/111 IF/ Maws 1.
lasels/ lin. sad Mast its /

MOH WATNR AT LONDON =DON.
Lau.

SAIIDON. WEDNESDAY. SEPT. 14.

Contr Sumgait( has delivered to the inhabitants
el Stettin the answer of the Prince Regent of
newt to their address on Federal Reform. It
bears the impress of that timid and hesitating policy
which was so conspicuous in all the conduct of
Prussia during the recent war, and will certainly
neither contribute to settle the question nor diminish
its urgency. That urgency will, we believe,
faros it on in spit of its inherent difficulties;
for if the Germans are to resist an irruption
which no man can deem extremely improbable,
they can do so only by a more centralised govern-
ment, and by greater promptness and unity of action
in periods of danger. The viatica has certainly
so far advanced as to indicate a general resolution
—whether or not Austria shall entirely disappear
from the new confederation--at any rate to give
the federal body an organisation distinct from that
which may still attach it, under certain conditions, to
the Austrian Empire. We pointed out this problesi
as the first that called for solution, a considerable
period ago ; for, in a body in which both Austria and
Prussia held a place, rivalry would inevitably de-
feat centralisation. Grimm, however, before we
can regard this first question as disposed of, we
must determine how Germany is to get rid of
Austria. The latter Power is bound up with other
German States in a common confederacy, from which
none his a right to dissociate itself, and from which
each may, therefore, with some plausibility, de-
nounce and repudiate the principle of its in-
voluntary exclusion. Austria clings to Germany
with the utmost tenacity, because her alliance
with Germany has kept her above water, and
bet a few months ago prevented her from
sinking. Germany, on the contrary, dragged down
repeatedly by the intrigues and disasters of Austria,
knows that the first condition of her welfare rests in
the severance of the Sued.

But supposing this difficulty surmounted, we come
up= a proposition of one clam of reformers, which
for force and simplicity contrasts strikingly with
the clumsy and tortuous proposals of 1848. It is
that the control of those German interests which
directly relate to peace and war—namely, the con-
duct of negotiation and the command of the Federal
Army--shonld be consigned absolutely to Prussia.
This, of course, presumes the ejection of Austria, and
it also presumes an extraordinary degree of kingly
amiability on the part of the heads of the
minor Staten. There can be no doubt that
such a proposition, if practicable, would at
once effect the utmost necessary centralisation ; sad
so long as the Prussian Government were well
directed, would confer on Germany nearly the saros
administrative advantages in war with those pos-
sessed by France. But are the individual sovereigns
ready to part not only with their sovereignty bat
with their voice in any deliberations on pesos sad
war, or will adequate popular pressure in such an
age of sabres and bayonets as our own be applied
to them P It is obvious that this measure would in
effect mediatiu all the Kings and Grand Dukes of
Germany (to use a phrase handed down in the tea.
ditianal technicalities of the old German Empire)
with the exception of Prussia; or would rather
constitute the King of Purasta Emperor
of Germany in a much more despotic
sense than the old elective emperors, while
it *imply withheld from him the title. If
this were so much as possible, we must hear no
more of the alleged disunion of Germany. Bat the
authors of the Eisenach articles have not committed
themselves, like some other German reformers, to
such principles ; they have merely stipulated, acting
on as assumption of imminent danger, which may be
true or false, that these powers should be conferred
on Prussia until a new confederacy shall be formed.
Even this proposal would not be easy of accomplish.
ment until a formal declaration ejecting Austria
from the Confederatioa shall raper's& the ordinary

laws of the Diet, which require unanimity in any
decision affecting the rights of each State,

We still incline to the conviction, not only that
Prussia moat assume the guidance of Federal Reform,
but that she must, in the future'confederation, also
assume the chief place in the executive of the Band.
Granting the exclusion of Austria, there is no reason
why the Federal Government of Germany should
net be parliamentary as well as monarchical ; so
long se there are assemblies of estates, with more or
lees legislative power in all the States of Confedera-
tion, according to the 13th article of the Federal Act
of 1815, which has hitherto generally remained a
dead letter. The Assembly of each State might
fairly be endowed with the right of sending to the
Federal Assembly members from among its body, in
a certain ratio to population, which should be com-
mon to every State of the Confederation. But if
the several sovereigns of Germany are to be
preserved their power should be confided, in
ordinary matters and in matters of urgency, say,
to the King of PIIIIIBBTA jointly with some two
weepers chosen from among the German 8 'gas
and the elective heads of the Free Cities, either by
annual vote or in a regular cycle. There would
thus be a sufficient concession to the independence of
all the component States of the Confederation on the
one hand, while on the other a rapidity of action
would be insured, the want of which at this day
would be found to be one of the chief sources of the
inferiority of Germany to France in the event of
war. It would not be. necessary that the functions
of a Federal Assembly should extend beyond the
determination of the military cottingent of each
State of the Confederation, and the ratification of
Realise effecting its security from without.

There can be no doubt that influences tending to
lOW such result u this have for many years been in
active operation. In the first place, the dissociation
of Austria from the rest of Germany hes been
working itself out by the instrumentality of both
parties. Prussia hes so stretched her Customs
League u to include all but Austrian Germany with-
in its limits. Austria, on the other hand, by throwing
down her internal Custom barriers, such as
thou which divided Hungary from German
Austria, has bees creating a Zollyerein at
her own. A miserable one indeed it le ;
but nevertheless Austria has been effectively