The Express.
London, England, 1859-12-08 00:00:00

AUSTRALIA.

By this mail we have advice. from Melbourne to
October 17. The concluding series of elections had
been completed, and the reformed parliament had
assembled. 1)r. Murphy had been elected Speaker
without opposition. Of the new parliament the
Melbourne herald says:
. .

The composition of the reformed Assembly is of a rather
motley kind. It contains many heterogeneous elements, of
which, we think, some will be found to be utterly imprac-
ticable for any useful purpose. Of the decidedly objection-
able element there is, we are bound to sty, but a very small
proportioo. If some half-a-dozen of members who on-
qurattooably come under that category were exchanged for
the some number of more respectable men, the general evalua-
tion of the present house, both as regerds racial standing in
the community and Irgi,lative &nese, would be about equal
to that of its predecessor. Bar there Is a prevalent convic-
tion in tho public mind that the obnoxious half-dozen or so
of "detrimental.'" will very speedily subside into blank
obeenrity. They reboot fail to disonver ere long that they
hare made a sad mistake in getting into parliament. Alone,
they can accomplish nothing. and will be peremptorily pat
down if they attempt any miechief; and it is, of cone"
quite impossible that they can be taken into coalition by any
respectable section of the house. Already, indeed, some of
the more conspicuous of them have been playing off such
foolisn entice before the pubHo as have reduced them, most
effectually, to ineignificance end contempt. With the map-
tion here epecitial. the new Assembly may be set down es •
very fair one, considering all the circumstances.

itrepecting the gold-fields the Herald says:
Since the date of our 'sat summery the government escorts
have brought 224,974 on. of gold to Melbourne, showing
ea Inarsese on the quantity during the =responding period
of last year, though the total .mount shipped shoes a felliag
off. The shipments for the same period have Wog
113,192 os., but a large amount is awaiting shipment by the
Anglesey, which tails for anglsod to•morrow.
_ . . .

Thsgobi-flebta ars jurt now In a transition state; the
miner*, who are beginning to diworer that ohs old egoism
of working them by unassitdad labour is a mistake, ars nest,
tag on their 0411., sod tba now *must:ors bad not y.t got to
work. Some ut ttem are waiting ftr machinery, others for
their littplarranyenonts to b. portioned, and others for the
bow ol a proper loom

There Is but little of Importance to cbroolele daring ta,
month. A new rush has taken place to Fiery Creek, aid
payable
_goldfield hr been discovered at Bowneete Pont
in Na Ueechworth dietrict, and at Ciksgowse, Intmen
Creswick sad Mount Prenklyn.
At Sandy Creek, a claim on Poverty Reef bad tented ou,
very rich. A cake of 480 oz. of gold had been retorted se ttu
product of one week's work. The goldfields on the yens
new Melbourne, are beginning to attract some attention
They have for a long time afforded remunerative employ
to a limited population, and it is thought that if more peopi.
were there a rich and valuable goldfield would be ois.
covered.

HUNGARY

(PNOM OOR OWN

PINTR, Dec.
The Germans and the correspondent of me
London Times, who received his political educes
lion among them, rarely mention the old constietv
tion of Hungary, modified in 1648 and abolishs4
by the Austrians in 1849, without a sneer. The;
call it a feudal abomination ; and indeed, whethe
we look to the organisation of the House of Peers ce
to that of the House of Commons, it was not at a,
logically arranged; no class of the nation was cyst
tematically represented, no one entirely left out frost
the representation ; large counties and email com
ties returned an equal number of members; the
franchise was ill-defined, the mode of electiat
not at all uniform ; here the ballot prevailed
and there the open vote, &c. No Germs:
could explain such a constitution by and
dialectic of Hegel, no French doctrinaire could die
cover uniformity in it, and it happened that we our
selves found that our constitution ought to be modr
fled according to the requirements of the age. We.
aware, however, that the Austrian government raisc<
its voice against the defects of the constitution, tic:
in order to remedy them, but to overthrow the who:,
fabric, we took care to proceed cautiously with de
reforms, and thus, between 1832-1836, we slowly at;
steadily revised, reformed, and consolidated the lave
which regulated the relations between lendlort
and tenant, including tenant rights, manoris.
courts, and agricultural police. In 1839 we
passed a code of commerce ; and in 1843
we emancipated the protestanta, and worked hard •
consolidate the criminal law. Daring all the
time we had to defend our constitution against the
aggressions of the government, which in 1836 had
inaugurated an era of terrorism, imprisoning Lou.
nth and several other public characters, and prose.
curing some thirty eminent membersof the oppositict
with action. for treason. Relenting in 194,,
the Viennese government tried again to subvert en
1843 the county organisation by extending the
powers of the lord-lieutenants, and during all the
time it obstructed all the reforms which I mentioned
above. Taking all these difficulties into account,
we must admit that the old constitution,
though a "feudal abomination," worked well enough,
especially if we compare its results with the barren-
ness of the levelling system of the present very
logical and systematical ministers. What hats
they produced until now but dissatisfaction, the
ruin of the power of the empire, the law of its
prestige, the disorganisation of the army, and the
disorder of the finances? However the Germans
may boast of their superiority and of their genes,
they have not displayed them either in the adminis
tration of Hungary or of Italy. One good cer.
tainly came out of their mismanagement, though they
never intended it the national union between
the different elements of political life in Hungary.
The proteatants, the Oreeks,and the Roman catholies,
the Groats, Serbs, Germane, and Hungarians were
never so united as now. Each of them having some
ground of complaint against the Vienna government,
their common hatred has become a new bond of
union,

The meeting for the organisation of the Museum
in Transylvania, delayed for many years by the
Austrian officials, afforded a capital opportunity for
an anti-Austrian demonstration. The Hungarian
Academy at Peath accordingly sent a deputation to
Klausenburg on the occasion, which was of course
received with fraternal embraces, torch light
processions, and significant speeches on both aides,
expressing the feelings of unity between Hungary
and Transylvania. At the public meeting Count
Mils& the principal founder and president of the
Museum, instead of thanking the government for the
permission given to the founders to sacrifice then
own to their country's good, as a Gerona world
have done, and as was expected by the government
officials, spoke rather of the numberless difficulties
thrown in the way of the patriotic founders of the
Museum. He reminded them of the farther dill.
culties with which they will have to struggle,
and called upon their patriotism to surmount
them. Then came the vote about the language
in which the transactions are to be published,
a subject from which the government expected s
fruitful crop of discussions and dissensions. However,
no speeches were made, but the ballot was taken c
once, and among 383 votes no black ball was found
to protest against the Hungarian language—t
wu adopted unanimously. AU the proceedings
were characterised by the same unanimity which,
. .

according to the Austrian officials, is the result of
deep-laid conspiracy. The great object of Baron
Thierry—the wise Minister of Police, who fines the
papers " for making not only him but any private
or public person ridiculous "—is now to get hold of
that great Hungarian conspiracy. Accordingly, a
domiciliary visit has been made at Mr. E. Zsedenyi's,
who was the first to raise his voice on behalf of
the protestant. at the meeting at Kaesmark, and to
protest against Count Than's famous decree for the
organisation of the protestant church, which, as we
now learn from the Darmstadt Gazette, had been
previously communicated to, and was approved by,
the Collegio Romano, the headquarters of the holies
at Rome. M. Zsedenyi is a wealthy man, always
remarkable for hi. conservatism; before 1848 one of
the ablest advocates of the government measure. at
the Diet, and one of the best high officials of
the government. The report that he is to
be prosecuted criminally for treason made an
enormous sensation in Hungsry, and many wild
rumours are spreading in the country ; for instance,
that the Emperor, furious about the resistance is
meets in Hungary, is coming himself to Peoth, pre•
ceded by an army of 40,000 German., in order to
overawe all posaibility of opposition.

- .
As a specimen of the way in which Hungary is
governed I may mention the following fact. The
burgesses of the mining town of Oraviczs, in the
Banat, found that it would be rather convenient fat
them to have their streets lit. Since they had the
necessary funds at hand, they at once entered into
an agreement about lighting the town. Scanxiy,
however, had the temps been placed and lit up, when
the government official mopped the lighting, bemuse
the town of Oravicza had not previously requested
and got the permission from Vienna for lighting the
streets. Such is the patriarchal government of
Austria.

As to the affairs of the peer, I need not say that
the liberty r f the editor is as much circumscribed as
possible. Still, Baron de Thierry, the Minister of
Police, not satisfied with the miserable position of
the Austrian papers, issued lately a decree, according
to which the editors are liable to fine and imprison-
ment if they should publish any facts unobjectionable
by themselves, which however could not have oozed
out but by the indiscretion of some official ; further,
if they should publish anything that would make any
private or public person ridiculous. What a pity
that Baron 'fhierry's press decree cannot be applied
to the wise minister himself ; he certainly deserves
to be fined and imprisoned first according to his
own decree, for he has made himself and the
Austrian government ridiculous. I recommend him
to the tender mercies of Punch, whose friends and
imitators ho cruelly wishes to extinguish.
Whilst writing these lines I get the information
that the Lutheran Tibiscan superintendential admit
nistrator, the Right Rev. Mr. Toperozer, has been sum•
owned to appear before the provincial crimiaal court
of Kasehan on a charge of treason, and that the
United Greek Bishop of Munkiens has been carried
off by the Austrian police. The days of terrorism
return once more.

Mr. W. P. Hale, who arrived here last Sunday by
the ship Wiodror Castle, from Nagisard, wee were in.
November 10, ea a burister of the Supreme Court—Bombast
Garotte.
The Bollaaral Star reports the arrival of a donkey
in that district. The incident mem, to have created mach
is Amami among the population.