The Express.
London, England, 1860-08-09 00:00:00

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LONDON, THURSDAY, AUGUST 9.

A car of deep, wide-spread, and overwhelming
distress comes to the countries of Christian Europe
from the distant shores of Asia—from the wooded
heights of Lebanon, where it rose in sudden terror
three months ago, to the well-watered plains of
Damascus, now filled with the wail of desolate
widows, and the helpless moan of famishing chil-
dren. Until the terrible experience of the Indian
mutiny, we had almost forgotten the desolating
effects of fanaticism once aroused amongst
the indolent and quiescent populations of
the East. That outbreak sufficiently proved
that the strength and fury of their passions
when excited are only intensified by long inter-
vals of quiet and settled habits of repose. But
the atrocities of this civil war in Syria, the whole-
sale massacres of unarmed men, the shocking
barbarities inflicted on defenceless women and
children, exceed, if possible, those of the mutiny.
We have no intention at present of attempting to
trace the origin of this bloody and ferocious out-
break between the neighbouring tribes of the
Lebanon. It is for politicians to discuss the true
causes of this " dismal butchery ;" but its effects
appeal to all, are intelligible to all, and must
touch every heart not dead to all feelings of pity
and compassion. It is of urgent importance that
public attention should be fixed on these results—
on the actual misery and destitution existing at
this moment in Syria—for thousands who have
escaped tire and sword will perish by famine
without immediate relief. It would be difficult,
perhaps impossible, indeed, to exaggerate the suffer-
ing produced by this fanatical and savage out-
break. A large, fruitful and well-populated district
has in a few short weeks been turned into a perfect
wilderness, the peasants and townspeople butchered
in cold blood, their wives outraged, their families
tortured with every species of barbarity, their
houses burnt, and their lands laid waste. Three
months ago there were in the Lebanon and the
adjacent districts a hundred and fifty flourishing
towns, villages, and hamlets, filled with a con-
tented population, and surrounded with
cultivated fields and rich vineyards. Now
they are all destroyed, reduced to silent,
roofless walls, or a blackened heap of ruins.
The majority of their inhabitant, have been
murdered under circumstances of peculiar atrocity,
and the survivors are fugitives hurrying from their
creel pursuers, and seeking almost in despair for
temporary shelter and support. The extent of
the destitution thus created is appalling. An ap-
peal has just reached this country on behalf of no
less than 75,000 of these wretched fugitives,
10,000 of whom are widows. Even this large
number, however, is far below the real amount,
as every day fresh districts, not included in this
appeal, are found to have been ravaged. In
Damascus alone it is calculated there are now not
much less than 20,000 who are reduced to this
destitute and homeless condition. These unhappy
fugitives have lost all—not only their relatives and
homes, but their little property, their tools, and
all their customary means of gaining a livelihood.
To add to their misery, the harvest is this year
unusually bad in Syria. Indeed, the grain crops
are said to have almost wholly failed through
drought. What can these homeless wanderers,
these helpless victims of a bloodthirsty and pitiless
crusade, do! Some who have escaped to the moun-
tains are dying of famine in the caverns whore they
li, concealed, and which they dare not quit. Those
who can aro hurrying to Beyrout in the hope of
gaining there at least temporary shelter and sup-
port. But it is quite obvious that this
hope cannot be realised unless England
and the other Christian countries of Europe
appealed to in this great emergency, liberally con-
tribute to the fund established for the relief of
these hunted Asiatic Christians. Mr. Trouser,
the oldest American missionary in Syria, writes
to a friend in this country urging this appeal :
*" Our only hope and prayer is,' say the fugi-
" fives, that we may he able to reach Beyrout ;
" and no doubt great masses of utterly inipo-
" verished refugees will flock over the mountains
" to Beyrout just so soon as the roads become
" practicable. What shall we do with them !
" where put them T—how feed and clothe them,
" even for a day I We are alarmed at the pro-
" spect ; and although everybody here is doing and
" will do all they can, yet the demands magnify
" utterly beyond our ability. If, therefore, you
" can do anything to help us in this vast work
" you will certainly bring down upon all who
" unite with you the blessings of many who are
" ready to perish."

England has already responded to this appeal,
or rather it would be more correct to say, had an-
ticipated it, for the " British Syrian Relief Fund "
Committee had been formed, and active operations
had commenced, before Mr. THosisost's appeal
arrived. Upwards of 4,0001. has been subscribed,
and remittances to more than half that amount have
I wen telegraphed to the Beyrout Committee through
the Foreign-office. We heartily unite with the
Secretary of the British Fund—whose letter ap-
peared yesterday in our columns—in urging
the pressing claims of this meaaonable effort on the
attention of our readers. The English Association
is of the most catholic and unsectarian character, as
a glance at the composition of the Cumuuttee will
show, and the funds collected will be administered
without the slightest distinction of sect or party.
This is as it should be. it is preeminently a crisis

THE

that calls for the seasonable help, not of indivi-
duals or religious sects merely, but of the nation as
a whole. And being formed on so broad and liberal
a basis, we hope the Fund will receive, as it de-
serve', thoroughly national support. To this end,
however, it is of course necessary that its claims
should be made known as widely as possible. We
believe that all classes would be not only willing
but glad to contribute to so noble en object. But
in every locality there must be some one to take
the lead and organise a local fund, or
nothing will be done to purpose. There are few so
well fitted to initiate local subscriptions as the
clergymen of different denominations, and the local
municipal officers. Minister, of religion may ap-
propriately bring the claims of the Fund before
their congregations, and the Mayors and Provosts
of corporate towns before their fellow-townsmen.
In this way England may soon do her part in helping
to succour the persecuted Christians of the Eastern
Empire. And if other Christian nations follow
her example, large as the need is, none who have
escaped the sword in these dreadful massacres need
perish of want.

•,: 4,

EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENTN(

trbe Court.

HOLYROOD, Avouge 7.

Her Majesty and the Prince Consort, accompanied
by the Princeling' Alice, Helena, and Louise, Prince Arthur
and Prince Leopold, arrived at Edinburgh at ten minutes
peat eight o'clock this morning, and immediately proceeded
to Ho4-mod-palace, escorted by an escort of the 13th Light
Dragoons.
The ladies and gentlemen in attendance were the Countess
of Desert, the Hon. Beatrice Byng, Sir Charles Phipps,
K.C.8., Major• General the Hon. Charles Grey, Lieut.-
Colonel the Hon. D. de Roe, Major Elphinstone, and Dr.
Haley.
The Right Hon. Sidney Herbert was in attendance on
the Queen as Secretary of State. _

Inthe course of the morning the Queen, accompanied by
the Prince Consort and Princess Helena, drove to Cramond.
to pay a visit to the Duchess of Kent. The Lady.in-Wait-
ing and two equerries were in attendance.
Her Majesty returned to Holyrood for luncheon.

The Duchess of Kent arrived at Holyrood at about three
o'clock, to accompany the Queen to the Review of the
Volunteers.

At half-past three the Queen, royal family, and suite,
left Holyrood, in three carriages, to review the Volunteer..
The first carriage contained her Majesty, the Duchess of
Kent, Princess Alice, and Prince Arthur.
The Prince Consort, in the uniform of a Field Marshal,
rode on the right of the Queen's carnage, and the Duke et
Suerlatch rode on the left.

The second carriage contained the Princesses Helena and
Louise, Prince Leopold, and the Lady in Waiting. The
Equerries rode on each side.
The third carriage contained Lady Augusta Bruce, the
Hon. Beatrice Byng, the Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, and
Lord James Murray.
The Staff preceded the Queen's carriage, and the escort
was formed of the 13th Light Dragoons.
The Queen was received with a royal salute, after which
the troops marched pest, and after re-forming in contiguous
close columns, they advanced, presented arms, and give
three cheers.

I.l.7wiifaieSty returned to Holyrood at about 6 o'clock.
The Qneen had a dinner party in the evening. The fol-
lowing had the honour of receiving invitation.:—The Right
Hon. Sidney Herbert, the Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch,
Major-General Lord Rokeby, the Marquis of Breadalbaoe,
Lieut.-General Sir George Wetherell, Major-General Sir
Janies Scaled, Major-General Sir Richard Airey, Major-
General Cameron, Colonel M'Murdo, and Major Elphinstone.
The Band of the 13th Light Dragoons way in attendance
during dinner.

Despatches were pent from the Colorrial-office yesterday
to the Governors of Canada and the Falkland Islands.

-ok •

AUGTritr 9, 1860.

•
INTELLIGENCE.

ITALY.

...-
SARDINIA.

another principal shareholder that only a quarter
of the stipulated capital had been paid up, and
that they were ready to pay the remainder, the
court refused the motion with costs.

The pretty and usually quiet village of Chavenay,
near fit. Germain, has been lately in a state of
extraordinary commotion, owing to a quarrel
between the parish priest and his humble flock.
Threeprincipal grievances were laid at thedoor of M.
Quesueau, the cued-1. That he refused to perform
the funeral service unless the wax candles to be
used on the occasion were bought at a particular
shop recommended by him ; 2. That he unjustly
and maliciously, and in order to spite their parents,
plucked the three best scholars in the village at the
examination for the "first communion ;" and
3. That at the distribution of " blessed bread " he
declined to pay the mayor the usual compliment of
handing him the basket first, and then added insult
to injury by saying that the mayor took such a large
piece that he ought to sit on the paupers'
bench to be served. The unpopularity of
the curd rose to such a pitch that a few days
ago, as he was going to say mass, he found the
church door nailed up. That important officer the
genie ehampetre, on being applied to by the curd
to open the door, refused, and two stalwart
gendarmes whose assistance he invoked were re-
pulsed by a crowd of villagers, men, women, and
children. In consequence of this sacriligeoua riot
twenty-two individuals were arrested and brought
to trial at Versailles for "hindering the perform-
ance of public worship." The mayor, who was
evidently a sympathiser, gave the prisoners a good
character, and by way of saying the very best
thing he could for them, deposed that they were
aimple-minded honest people who had always voted
for the Emperor. The offence was one impossible
to be altogether passed over, but the judges ac-
quitted all but half a dozen ringleaders, whom
they sentenced to terms of imprisonment varying

from two mouths to fifteen days. The conduct
of the curb will probably be inquired into by the
Minister of Public Worship.

Box • COILIZILTMIMINT.)
TURIN, Ammar 5.
The expeditious to Sicily still continue, though,
slime Le Farina's forced return from Palermo, the
National Society has shut its office for enlistment.
The youth of Lombardy and the Genoese seem to
have caught the fever of emigration ; week after
week they oome to the port of Genoa ; Bertani sends
them off by thousands, and still the tide is on the
increase. About twenty thousand young Loin-
bards, students of Pavia, the sons of the gentry of
Brescia, the mountaineers of Bergamo, the flower
of the youth of Genoa, have already crossed the
Mediterranean, as if Sicily were the land of pro-
mise. Even the bloody day of Melazzo, where
without artillery they encountered the picked
troops of Bowe, and won the victory only by the
most sanguinary sacrifice of countless lives, seems
but to increase the enthusiasm of the volunteers.
Fourteen thousand more names are inscribed in
Bertani's books, all eager to join Garibaldi,
and to fight for the unity of Italy, whilst
the subscriptions of Northern Italy continue to
pour into the hands of the Genoese physician, who
m his modest dwelling in the corner of the Via
Nueva wields more power than any minister. Al-
I ways surrounded by those energetic volunteers, by
officers who throw up their commissions in order
to fight as privates under Garibaldi, by members of
the opposition who distrust Cavour, by refugees
from all countries who suspect the policy of France,
it is quite natural that Bertani should be influenced
by these, and that he should have entered into
some wild schemes about an invasion of the Papal
States, the overthrow of Lamoricihre's hordes, and
a diversion in the Abruzzi in favour of Garibaldi,
who within a few days is to attack the Bourbons
in the south of the peninsula. The government
could not long remain ignorant of these plans,
and it !tot information from Genoa, from Bologna,
from Florence, about the intended expedition,
the trysting places, the men in command, and the
deposits of arms. Count Cavour's position then
became difficult ; he had to prevent a violation of
the central Roman territory, which might lead to
• breach with France, and hasten on an Austrian
war at a time which is not auspicious for a trial of
arms, and yet he did not wish to put himself in
opposition to all the generous feelings of the
country, and to organise a civil war at • moment
when king Victor Emmanuel says that he feels sym-
pathy with all those who desire the unity of Italy,
even if they do not love him. Farini, therefore, the
Minister of Home Affairs, the man who had suc-
cessfully organised the Emilia, and brought about
the annexation without losing the confidence either
of the landed interest or of the advanced Italian
party, was Bent last week to Genoa to divert the
leaders of the intended movement from their
ill-advised schemes. Whoever knows Bertani and
his friends will easily understand that the task was
beset with difficulties of a very serious character.
Still, with the most consummate skill, Farini over-
came the distrust of the opposition, and Bertani on
the other hand, proved patriotic and wise enough to
yield to the cabinet, and not to pursue his revolu-
tionary plans. Ou the very eve of their execution
the plans of invasion were abandoned, the men re-
called to Genoa to be sent off to Garibaldi, and
the country saved from political difficulties, which
might have thrown Europe into a war and de-
stroyed the long and patient labours of Piedmont
for the slow but certain achievement of Italian
unity. Farini has again saved his country.
Not less important is the successful negotiation
of the loan of 8,000,000/. just concluded by Ve-
geui, the able minister of finance, with Italian
bankers. They take it at the rate of 79.50, and
are certain to have it subscribed in the country
without having to go to foreign markets. The
Italians put faith in the success of Victor Emmanuel
and Count Cavour. They stake their fortunes as
well as the lives of their sons upon Italian unity,
and their consciousness of moral and material
power, their self-reliance and patriotism are the
best tokens that they are worthy to be free and able
to be independent. The famous "Delia ford da sc"
of Charles Albert was sorely belied by the events of
the latter half of 1848 and the battle of Novara. 1
At that time it was an idle boast, but now it
becomes a truth.

As to the disorganisation of Naples, it is beyond
belief. The reactionary party organise their forces
opmly in the provinces, and the revolutionists do
tie same in the capital. Even the beggars in the
streets claim their penny "for the sake
of Garibaldi," and express their thanks by
saying, "Day Victor Emmanuel soon re-
pay you twenty-fold !" The daily papers
publish the decrees and proclamations of
Garibaldi and Medici under the eyes of the
ministry, and one of them actually headed the
account of the battle of Melszzo with the words
"Great victory—the Neapolitans defeated." One
only of the ministry is really popular—Liborio
Romano ; the others are distrust 4 and still more
so the King, who refuses to disband the foreign
mercenaries and the royal guards. Such, however,
is the deadening influence of the despotic reign of
the late King, that the Neapolitans have loot all
energy, and instead of themselves striking the
blow, they wait for Garibaldi, and prefer to accept
their freedom from the foreigner to winning it for
themselves. Everything is prepared for co-opera-
tion with the Dictator of Sicily, but nobody is
found to initiate the movement independently of
the North Italian volunteers. As to the constitu-
tion, it is regarded as a dead letter, and the elec-
tions had to be postponed, since the citizens who
have got the franchise have nearly all abstained
from complying with the formalities required for
their being put on the electoral list. Some
neglected to secure their franchise, because they
think it quite superfluous, since Garibaldi is soon