The Express.
London, England, 1859-07-13 00:00:00

THE PEACE.

(Prim the Theis.)

Peace alone, on any terms, after preparation, on a
nude to shako the earth, is a great event. Than, how clack
the war has run its course! It le jam half a year since •
sudden outbreak at • state ceremony gave Europe the tint
misgiving. A quarter of • year Mace we were negotiating
after a fashion, and to no purpose. The war itself has
lasted only half that time; yet the period has beset snakiest
to produce the most paradoxical cameiraences. The drat
two complaints were Austrian oppression and Papal mis-
government. Yet Austria, twice beaten, and threatened
every where, remains mistress of Venetia; and the Pope is
; honorary president, not of the Papal States alone,M4 of all
Italy. It is not poesible to and even the germ of thane ennciu-
does In the beginning or the progrem of the war. Franco
desired to leave Rome, if Austria would withdraw from the
legations. The Sardinian manifesto, and many similar dom.
menu from Paris and Turin, were directed to the imps/ion
of Austria beyond the Alps. France has spent 60,000,0001.
and fifty thousand men only to gin Milan • Piedmonts,'
instead of an Austrian toaster, and to establish the Pope in a
temporal digni.y area beyond his imagining, and capable of
any extension. le all this reel? The Emperm's game wit
be a very long one. With the best intentions, coostitntionsl

states carrot afford to be so philanthropic. As for &coy, it
is beneath notice. The Emperor small not even mention it.
Pa so mots a trifle It was not worth his while to bring sus-
picion on to glorious an achievement se the liberation
end organisation of all Italy in one Federal Union.
Austria herself must be strut k with the gsserceilty,
the clemency, and the moderation of ter foe, and Frew* is
contest to pin a friend. But, insulated es we are, and
mere spectators sad listeners, we are hammed with the
Asides of the past, and with the skeleton that intrudes at
the brightest entertaininest. Coefederation of Italy Was
there not once a confederation of the Khios and what did it
end in F How will this federation be entailed 1, The
King of the Twe Skillet must have something to say to it,
Is he prepared to be represented in council with Victor
Emmanuel, even under the presidency of a legate ? The Grand
Date of Tuscany but the other day, having fled from his
subjects, wee figbti•g against Italy at Soifer's". Will the
Tuscan contingent think his reitoration as afequ►te reword
for dais. entemes's match to the wale of lientua f Venice
is now to enjoy at mai Aest sten occupation sad pores/ice,
Hellas hderation sad co-operation, and Papal preftdessey,
Imisporel se 1,11 as spiritual. Even the subtle Inaba mind
wig led it difficult to reader unto the Keiser what le doe
yea the Lear, to render unto Italy what la due unto Italy,
sail was the Pope what is due unto the Pope. Who.
wlll Parma sad Medea go in the re-adjustment? When
the Essiperre lies waned home, and aimed with he
troop as we eery of this cottly sacrifice, how long will
he dad Ye santry content to play so magnificent and enbliol4)
• pert f It Is bye that the eider Napoleon left Prance am Iss
lona ; but then be yielded to overpowering sudsy
ad abase corium. Francs now hi/ the game in her heads;
wan ensonsful than the could Mrs expected, she has
laspe Wars be. She can rein all Italy and half the
hastas Inspire sgatatt those Gramm whom Ste bee se
efts bates. Yet es the any trumit of hat ambition she
ns•liects and rasonaces. Should this, indeed, sad*
Napoleon 111. awe arias a new misgiving as as catorn-
pla,es the extreme anxiety which has been shown float to
humble, then to a 'lobate Astarte, and to win both her
respect and her gratitude.

(Frew the Monsixy Post.)

The soul or this treaty, so far aa it• provisions
have reacted u., sad so far as they have bees coomunicated
to perks:neat by Lord John Reuel!, ls the nation tiny of
Italy, guaranteed, under every variety of local government,
to • confederacy of the Raise states The Pop• is to b• the
sominal ow boo every lead of this ooefederatios be 4to be
recognised to poesomion of the dignity secemarily attaching
to be tlEce in • country where the catholic religion prevails,
but be le to be than virtnally of that temporal supremacy is
Italy which lie bee always hitherto aspired to wield. lien,
thee, we bass at once the germ of • steularteed confede-
ration, still ecknowledgieg, with discreet deference to
the national religion of Italy, the honour that is duo to the
bud of the cathilk cherch. The Pepe, in • word, ie de-
prived of the substance, but he is to keep the shadow. The
Emperor of Mattis ceder the kingdom of Lombardy In ever,
sat to the King of Sardinie, but t. the Eu4oror of Ihe

. - - --
French ; arid tits Emperor cf the French reek. ovrr his
ettaqstat to the Kum of Sardinia. Lombardy end Sardiala
. . .

►scone therefore ►roreforth one state. Thos we eerie, st
ono. at another of the cardinal pointy of renovated Its)),
. .

In ceder to aware the Confederation l y the conatitatlon of
anis mater-thitine in tte North of Italy, • single eta.,
with • population of sight willow, is created. That
state, too, is jam tin stn's which is the arcbitype ot the whole
faqirs of belts. domeetie government. Tim Emperor of
*metal., ceding the kingdom of Lombardy, retains that of
Venial; or, rather, be receives • new kingdom of small
' extent, in place el • large kingdom; for he is to hold lie
rights es Nisi of Venetia on • title altogether on., The
old Austrian title Is abolished, and en 'Lilian title la consti.
talel in Its place. The Austrian ElaterOf Is to be k lug of
Venial., moldy es ea integral member of the contedereveun of

Italy. Ho to to b, so more an Anatrian soverviirn in
Italy thew George IV. rir Mil sus the IV was Mt is
Namara to br an Eugthb, and not • German, sovereign.
Ibere will, so doubt, be • dieliset adminiatratios,
• dieliset tide of lain, and • distinct army. The King if
Venetia, tberagh he will also poems the clown of AIWA',
will ammo, his right., as it were (awaking from an Esslish-
swees voitabalay), on a parliamentary tile. He will he,
be must be, remedially an Italian; he will Ude Isis
than three million, of hatless; and he will be
eeetrolled by • coneedastion ruling not lode thas Malaty-
a: maltose, Finally, the two Emperors hive wad
to demand r. forms at the hands of the Pops To
add to this a general amnesty is proclaimed. We satiti-
pate that there will now be no congrem; the few details re-
waning to be arreepd are Purely unworthy of be user
bling. It remelt', to glance at what France hes dome, wad
ti see how we an to judge of Franon in the future. She bas
effected all this within three months; her meld is
excellent; her army is admirable; her epirit is buoyant.
AU this has cost her but the momentary nearing of
an arm. Yet stm has gained no territory for herrelf. She
made meriliors in war; and if men d-uteed her sincerity
then, they sow see that she practises self denial in
ream Twice only has Napoleon 111. drawn the sword. He
drew It In leS4 to wicket Torte, from IttllBlll, and be draw
It again hat awing to natiandise sad reform Poly. There
boa bees no war waged tbetefore by France soder Napoleon
111., but she.. there has hoes • eabetwittei ironed (or Ito
adoption. Ws Lave, thew, ivory reams to be eateddest that
France will seem of her ova accord &hub the peace of the
world. She sow relapse tato peace, to tend the manifold
interests of Let doers* peveTE three, ad to watch the de-
velopment of fhe taw cosh dorm .1 ',versant which she
has sectored kr Italy.