The Express.
London, England, 1858-05-13 00:00:00

(Stamped Id. Additional.) (TWOPENCE.

he did not think that the fees now payable stood in the way
of a patent being obtained for a really meritorioto
invention. The first object of imposing the fees was to pre-
vail Fenian being obtained for worthless inventions ; the
second object was to make the office at which patents were
granted self- g. The result had been that all the
expenses had been discharged and that there was • small
surplus, but if the less which the hon. gentleman proposed
ware adopted the sum raised would be only 85,0001. and,
Inasmuch as the expenses were 46,000/., there would be a
deficit of 10,0001., which the consolidated fund would have
to make up. Up to the prawn time an annual rent bad been
paid for the office, but they would soon be obliged to erect a
new one. In the neat plain it was considered desirable that
they should have a depository in which models could be exhi-
bited, and to which workmen and others would have admittanoe.
The government wished moreover to form • library which
should contain the specifications, not only of Engash, but
of foreign patents ; the whole being open to the public with-
out fee or remuneration. (Hear, hear.) For this purpose it
was prepared to appropriate the surplus in the hands of the
commissioners which had waned since 1852, and now

amounted to 7,3601. The ommnioners had been offered a
gmat of part of the land belonging to the South Kensington
Museum ; and it was intended to add to the model rooms and
library an office in which to carry on the business connected
with granting patents. It having been determined that there
should be fees, not for the purpose of deterring good inven-
tions, but in order to put a check upon worthier ones, he did
not think the sums of 61. and 161. were exorbitant ; though
it might be proper when the establishment had been put upon
a footing to reduce the larger amount. That question
did troll:however now arta ; end he hoped the how* would
'eject the recklesschange proposed by the hon. condemn,
which would benefit no one but the patent agents. (Hear.)
He bagged to move that the bill be read a second time that
11187 Ar R few weds from liir.teffreigaz, Sir J. SKILLET,
and Mr. S. EIPTCOURT,
Mr. BOVILL said his artisan, had satisfied him that
much injury was done by retaining bed and worthless inven-
tion. on Moron. They deterred others from bringing out
better contrivances, or else they were made the means of ex-
torting money from those who had brought to refection
really good and valuable inventions. (Hear, hear.
Thebtll was then ordered to be read a second time that
day six months.
REFORMATORY SCHOOLS (IRELAND) BILL.
Mr. Serjeant DEASY moved the ascend reading of this
bill, the necessity for which, he contended, was not lea in
Ireland than in England; for of the juvalleoffenders in that
country, 38 per Dent. were wholly illiterate, and 6 knew
their letters only ; while not more than 22 per cent. could
raid and write. The object of the bill was to enable persons
of this clam to be detained a sufficiently long period to enable
them to undergo an efficient course of discipline and instruo-
tion. (Hear, hear.)
Lad NAAS should not oppose the bill, for be thought
that as the prieciple oontended for was being tried In Rag- ,
Lad and Scotland, the experiment might very properly Es'
extratied to Ireland. (Hear, hear.) Still it must sot!
be forgotten that the bill gave the magistrate very eztreoe-
&nary powers to commit children to what were after all no-
thing but prisons • and he thought that the operation of the
systemin England and had not yet been so tho-
roughly proved as to obviate the nenseebri of its being well
watched. (Hear, hear.) It should also be remembered that
the number of persons under 15 convicted at the wines
NM quarter swims throughout Ireland was oily 59 in one
year. (Hew, hear.) He thought the act should not be
extended to vagrants; otherwise there was reason to fear that
persona would commit offences for the purpose of getting into
these instil:aka& He thought, too. that they should be led
to the voluntary exertions of benevolent individuals, and that
nothing should be contributed to them from any public fond,
save for the maintenance of the inmates. He hoped that the
Cifof Ireland would turn their attention to the small
e. wella shattered over the country, which he regarded as
so many seminaries for crime. (Hear. hear.).
' Mr. BAG WELL denied that reformatories were in any
sense gaols; at all events, that was exactly what their pro-
moters did not wish them to be. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. HATCHELL was glad to hear the observations of the
noble lord, but he must also demur to the description of re-
formatories as prisons. On that. point he would refer the
noble lord to the speech of his right hon. friend (Mr. Ad-
Misty), last year.
Mr. LEFROY supported the bill ; and after a few ober-
'adorn from Mr. STAPLETON, it was read a wood time.
STAMP DUTY ON PASSPORTS.

Mr. HAMHlONoiti;bieeleo;otobrizigina bill to re-
duce this duty.
The house roes at 6.

?AMON ADAM CZARTORISHI AND POLAND.

The Polish residents at Paris have as usual cele-
brated the anniversary of the 3rd of May by attending
divine worship in the Church of the Assumption, and by a
subsequent meeting at the Polish Library, L'Quai d'Orlesns.
The liberal sad monarchial constitution of 3rd May.
1791, was, as it were, the dying mongol indspendent Poland.
The remembrance of this act, which wee applauded at the
time by every respectable statesman in Europe, Is dear to the
Poles, although the very benefits that it promised in a
certain measure accelerated the partition of the country
by the governments who, having resolved 14 destruction,
could not allow renovating reforms to be introduced in the
State.

_
At the meeting Prince Crartoryski delivered a speech, of
which the following are the moat remarkable
An important and fandamental chengellis raCtdto be
accomplished in that portion of our fatherland that hue fallen
under the dominion of Russia. The attention of Zuropo es
well as of Poland is fixed upon an attempt, the object of
which is to elevate and ameliorate the condition of the most
numerous class of the inhabitants—our brothers as Poise and
as Christians. On the invitation of the supreme antheeity in
the fiats, delegates representing the proprietors of each pro-
vince or government are formed into committees to deliberate
on certain proposed reforms. Is it just, beesum Masada-
beraunns are found to require time and redaction, to seams
the delegates of placing obstacles in the way of reforms which
have long been solicited by the class they represent P Cer-
tainly those who do so must have forgotten that which the
present anniversary gives us the right to recall to their
mind. In 1791, as long as sixty-seven years ago, the but diet
mennbled in independent Poland, in adopting certain Ines-
awes laid before it, moolairoad a solemn engagement to
fulfil a duty the accomplishment of which had already been
too long postponed. Who an doubt that the reforms I
snob to, bathe ars the mnandpation Of the
would long ego have been quietly and peacefully
out in Poland had it not been for the Invasion sad
the dismemberment which - afterwards set ab

immediately
nought ail the hopes and aspirations of the nation--had It
not been for the endeavours of hostile governments, who by
their ukasee and regulations did their best to disorganise
society in Poland by perfidiously exciting one class of the
inhabitants against another ? Not only during the wars
of independent,* in 1794 and 1831 did the Polish nation
again express its determination to car ablish tree connects
between wawa farmers and proprietors of land, bat the
latter have Mime then repeatedly petitioned the govern-
ment to be allowed to introduce such contemn, but have
up to this day invariably met with a refusal. It cannot,
therefore, be doubted that the Polish provinces of the
Russian empire will beaten to prove under the present
ekomstamses the elevation and wisdom of their mews in
=Men to. the reforms which they have at last been called
lipid to propose. They will not fall to respond to the appe-
y liberal views of the present sovereign. The committees
Ice jilesse provisoes know too well that nothing is more pain-
ts! then pi:44ga uncertainty, when once a question has
bean rani as to the existing relations between two parties,
are of which has been injured in its rights, while for this
very ream the interests of the other also see endangered.
In the face of so urgent • necessity the wealthy classes of
Poland will, I am sure, be reedy even to impose sacrifices
on themselves, as soon as a thorough study of the subject
shall have opened their eyes as to the importance of the
object to be attained and of the dangers to be ob-
elated. The principal difficulty evidently arises, not out
of the future pecuniary relations between the proprietors
and the liberated peasantry, but out of the • cir-
camerae* that the Russian government contemplates
leaving in the hands of the lord of the soil the charge of
levying taxes and recruits, and of carrying out the local
police. However, if the government be really determined to
itct the rights of property, all the instincts 4 the heart
and all the calculetione of self-interest will soon tend towards
the establishment of a state of things in which every man
shall enjoy entire preteens] liberty and 'quaky rim the
laws. It is beyond all doubt that that which ensure! the
liberty and the permanent well-being of the peasant-farmer
must also ensure the interests of the proprietor. Clod has
bestowed upon the Polish race qualifies and talents which
have ban repeatedly manifested in the course of asggeess,, to the
glory of the nation and the advantage of its neighWElt In
one quality only we are failing. We have never been able
to persevere in spontaneous organisation for action, and to
submit ourselves to the nemesary discipline, and this has
been the source of all our misfortunes. The destiny of na-
tions is in the hand of Providence. It le not given to man
to precipitate is decrees; to attempt to do so is to merit
defeat. But whatever be the future which God reserves for
us, there is one lesson which I would Gin leave to my °win-
try—a lawn applicable to every situation and to every enter-
prise. Whatever be the task we wish to accomplish, let us
begin by placing ourselves under one governing direction.
Under all circumstances, we ought to jimmies this, and, so
to say, contract thebabit of It. Would that each one of us
would make it • point of honour to implant in our nation
that spirit of discipline which is the condition of arty, ceder,
and power, and which is the sole virtue in which
we have been failing. Then, whatever be the fate that
awaits us, our friends abroad, and even the powers that
have been imposed upon us, will have for Poland an esteem
and • regard which, in good fortune or in bad, will re-
dound to the advantage of the country." The noble orator
expressed hie eatisfaction at seeing the alliance between
the two great Western Powers maintained in spite of the
dangers that have threatened it, and then added The pru-
dent and widuous care which the two nations take to
"save the alliance" sufficiently proves that in their eyes it
is still necessary, and that the peace which was so hurriedly
concluded does not se yet seem to theta quite secure.
But between two powerful neighbouring atatea national
susceptibilities are wily roused, and soon acquire an
envenomed character when a great object to be attained in
common no longer necessitates that co-operatics which
holds all rivalries in check. The duration of this alliance
is desired by every one, because, in reality, it can rabserve
no criminal project, no plan of conquest or et partition
detrimental to other states. It seems, on the contrary,
forced into combating evil, into protecting the weak, and
into promoting `welly the well-being of the human race.
Were these essildsms of its existence to be violated a rep-
rint would Inevitably ensue, and fearful misfortunes be the
eerrequence. The Prince farther did homage to the deco-
Grand excellent spirit manifested by • body of Poles, which,
tinder the command of an officer of tare merit, has been
organised, since the peace, in the Caucasus among the Cif.
41•11141101. He alluded, at the same thee, to oartala Euro-
pean volunteers who, after having declared themselves bins-
/mimeos, in order to gain the confideuce of the Turk, and
the Cirousians, have been detected in keeping up secret oom-
mtmiestions with the enemy, and have coufeesed that they
had served Russia even during the last war, and
that they had done so out of hatred to another power, and
out of blind love for their country. Such, gentlemen (said
the Prince in concluding), are the acts of these who Si.
bound by no human or divine laws. They trample under
foot the most sacred duties, they deny their faith, they
even emancipate themselves from the rules of simple pro-
bity ; in their cold-hearted and blind perversity they look
upon treason, aassimination, and MUM as virtuous and
clever policy. Woe to those who would t theineelves
by. seta which spring from • truly disoolical source. Whether
they be nations or governments, they are sure to reap male-
diction and opprobrium. Happily Poland runs no risk of
this kind. Her owe is inseparable from that of justice and
civilisation, and of the equilibrium and lasting peace of the
world—for the peace of the world, established on justice,
cannot be conceived without the radical and perfect redemp-
tion of the mime which has deprived Poland of her indepen-
dence., bat which has left her right untouched under the
guardianship of Him who is Eternal Judea

Tax LONDON GENERAL Porrtam' Bawasoimwr
AASOCIAIrIuX.—Lest evening the firsthersrarly general
meeting of the above as was dat the George
Hotel, Alderessabory; Mr. Beejainin (Copestake.
sad Co.) presided. Chairman having briefly
• the romed., Mr. E. Piggott, the secretary, read
tthhee report of the board of management, from which It ap-
pasred the amount of suberiptions up to the 7th inst.
was 4021. 75., of which some 1251. l ls. had been subscribed
by members. The number of porters who have joined the
asseeistion was 342, which it was thought was a very small
number of the whole body, then, being at least 40,000 porters
employed within a circle of ten mdes of the Post-offios•
bat the board of management trusted that as the
society became mars known the number of subscribers would
Mcrae& They urged upon all members the propriety of
secreting the support of their friends, and to consider that
unless they showed an interest in the society they could
hardly expert the heads of houses to assist them. The ob-
jecta of the society were to alleviate the wants of the poor,
the sick, and the infirm, to soothe the widow's afilictiou, and
dry the orphan's tear. With this main spring to their
exertions the society most grapple with its difficulties, and
it would doubtless ultimately succeed. The report was, after
some discussion, unanimously 'doped. The secretary .ae-
I flounced that subscriptions amounting to 621. 13e. bed
been received since the 7th but (Cheers.) A vote of
thanks having bean passed to the chairman, the meeting
broke up.
Reunions User SocuTY.—The following is a
corrected statement of the operations of this society during
the pest year:—Tetal number of Dew publiostions during the
y10w,261; eta moose from the depository &meg the yam,
34,038,470. Of these nearly 14,000,C00 were tracts, between
flee and six millions way handbills, and nearly 11000,000
sore per The subscriptions, damasks'', and offilee-
times during the year amounted to 8,1861.. while the pants
were 10,2481. The total receipts ware 88,7301., being ea la-
crosse of nearly 7,0001. weer the pre year.
WIRTNINSTRE Jaws' Faso SCHOOL.—The anni-
versary dinner was held st WWYs Homy St. Jamie's, on
Tuesday last ; Yr. .A. Beebe* hf.P., in the chair, sup-
posed by thr /Lathes, Metheeldbl, Mr. Aligner
Mr. Rowel, M.P., eel • aunsene party M 91-14•6ki mac/
Jewish sad Christie& suds. The disarms dere& wide lush
mein& urn lb, palsied asi wheatimi MMus Ur
Jewish amormiky, mei we. assmsetal it dembbig • owl-
table response, sa assent el 6001. beteg offilested dw the
faded the MeiMedis.