The Express.
London, England, 1866-11-17 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 17, 1866.

" the guise of the communication a raeolutialt
" it would have been otherwise, sad iba men
" could not escape from the consequences of a
" threat merely because it was so disguised." All
the Judges were of the same opinion. The appeal
of " O'lLtax and another v. Caaoos " presented
the same general features, and the conviction in
that case was likewise quashed.
The judgment of the Court has decided nothing
directly as to the legality of the combination into
which Mr. Bowsores men entered, as set forth in
their resolution, but only determines the specific
question raised wider the Masters and Servants
Act. The tendency of the incidental observations
which fell from the Court in the course of the judg-
ment, and also during the argument,was, however,
entirely in favour of recognizing the liberty of the
men to agree together to decline working for a par-
ticular master except on certain terms. The LORD
larzr Amyx% acknowledged the principle of com-
bination when he said :—" Inasmuch as the men,
" who have not the advantages of wealth, can often
" only protect their interest by means of aasocia-
" Lion and 00-operation, we ought not to strain
" the law against those who have only their
" labour and their mutual co-operation to depend
" upon." The masters are not to be severely
blamed because they did not judge the liberty of
the men with the same indifference as the LORD
CRIMP JIISTICS, but it is strange that they could
for one moment have supposed it to be consonant
with law or common sense that they were to be at
liberty to combine to refuse to give work, and
that the men for combining to refuse work were to
be sent to prison. That the masters did really and
truly think that such was the law is shown by the
fact that they communicated their resolution to
the men. But far more extraordinary is the
conduct of the magistrates. Their position bound
them to be impartial. If it bad been proposed to
send two masters to gaol for combining to deprive
workmen of employment, they would have seen
at once the monstrous injustice and absurdity of the
suggestion. Their conduct only shows how diffi-
cult it is for those who are raised by circumstances
above the necessity of labouring for wages to per-
ceive that the equality of the parties is of the very
essence of the system of free labour. The law is
partly responsible for this confusion of thought.
This same Masters and Servants Act, by making
breaches of contract a criminal offence on the pert
of the workman and not on the part of the master,
tempts the magistrate to regard the parties as
standing on a different footing before the law. It
may be hoped that the judgment of the Queen's
Bench, and the observations with which it was
accompanied, will do something to check the pro-
pensity to rush to a criminal court, and invoke its
power, too often betrayed when disputes arise be-
tween masters and workmen. The relations of the
two parties are relations of contract, and to the
terms of the engagement each should be held, but
beyond that legislation can do little good and
much harm. Nothing could be more disastrous
to the interests of society than that the law should
come to be regarded as a weapon placed at the ser-
vice of one clams against another. Of the particu-
lar dispute out of which this appeal arose, the
Judges had, of course, nothing to say. The
masters were equally entitled to close their shops,
and the men to take up their tools and depart ; it
was only when a foreign element was introduced,
and an illegitimate use was made of magisterial
powers, that the intervention of the Court of
Queen's Bench became necessary. There is no
need for the public to take aides in these squab-
bite. Their existence can only be regarded with
regret. Agreements which tend to hinder the
utility of capital aid labour may be justifiable and
necessary, but it is not in their nature to excite
sympathy whatever their origin. The best we
can hope is that the habit of combination once
acquired may lead to its employment for more
fruitful purposes than those of antagonism. Asso-
ciation, it has been proved, can be turned to better
account than that of strikes and lock-outs.

and the Emparp? Nsroxsos has felled in the
retied enforprite.of Ws reign. All the inischiel
that has been done comes of attributing an inordi-
nate efficacy to the initiative of individual' giving
themselves out for " men of Providence," " sa-
" viours " and " regenerators " of society, and the
like. All the recovery that can be hoped for must
be effected, as is now acknowledged, by returning
to the old system of observing nature and following
her indications. With a native Government sup-
ported by a powerful neighbour, and relieved from
the preposterous load of debt which the Emperor
MAiumiwew had contracted in its name, Mexico
will have a better prospect of order and prosperity
than she has had for many years.

thinking that we knowihe worst, and by keeping in,mind
that, if we use aitaelted, we have a total regular tome
every man of whla would be wanted in Ireland aline and
that England itself seems to rely, so far as the regular
army goes, on getting, if possible, a thousand or two more
aged and respectable pensioners. Perhaps this may be all
that sun be done ; but if it is all that government dare
propose, and that parliament would sanction, we must con-
fess that we are at an incalculable distance from the Prus-
sian system, and that if France approaches it with diffi-
culty, and Austria can only pretend to approach it, we
are below even the pretence of getting in any way

near it.
The Saturday Review argues that the Jamaica Com.
mittee, in prosecuting Mr. Eyre, will be maintaining
great constitutional principle, enforcing lessons of a most
salutary kind, and doing much to guide and enlighten
public opinion, but whether it is advisable to prosecute
Mr. Eyre, even to attain all these benefits,
this a question
which it damn to decide. Perhaps e sca
partiality which has led a Jamaica grand jury to ignore
the bill of indictment against Ramsay may be allowed
some weight in determining those who are thinking of
the prosecution to go on with it. On the other hand, if the
prosecutors cannot prove their ease, they will do a great
amount of harm. The impression will be spread that, al-
though the boasted law of England is said to give redress
for every wrong, this is practically untrue, and that
a colonial governor will have the best of it even if he is
prosecuted. The verdict of the jury is not the point of
primary importance, the essential thing is that a strong
case against Mr. Eyre should be proved. To get this
proof will be very difficult, and the prosecutors will also
have to beware of the numerous technical pitfalls into
which they may fall. They may be baffled at the outset
by some tiny legal difficulty-some Jamaica statute, or
some point of colonial law. They ought to guard most
carefully against this, for at present the balance of public
feeling is against the prosecution ; and if the prosecution
fails easily and ignominiously, the notion that colonial
governors may do very much as they like, if they are
good fellows, will gain ground.
Oahe Spectator believes it is generally known that Pro.
lessor de Morgan, one of the greatest living mathemati-
cians, and certainly far the ablest living thinker and
teacher on the logic of mathematics, has resigned his chair
in the University College, London, in consequence of the
recent decision arrived at by the council of that body to
reject Professor Martincen's candidature for the chair of
Intellectual Philosophy and Logic on the ground of his
denominational reputation. Professor de Morgan, if the
Spectator is rightly informed, shares the disgust which
almost all the oldest and best supporters of the college
feel, and declines to serve longer an institution which has
lost its raison d'Otre. If he goes, it will be a serious blow
to the college,_-indeed, the Faculty of Arts will lose its
only celebrated, and very deservedly celebrated, teacher. I
Our contemporary understands, however, that an effort is
likely to be made at a special court of proprietors to bring
to their serum the majority of the council.
In the opinion of the Spectator men are driven out of
the army, and kept out by the life which soldiers lead
while in the ranks. If the royal commissioners could
have suggested a mode whereby the private soldier, even
the worst, should be considered and treated as a moral
human being, able to render intelligent obedience and
capable of improvement, and if, besides, they had insisted
that there should be a road by which ability could climb
from the bottom to the top, they would have done more
to insure a good supply of soldiers than all the material
inducements; they can offer. Depend upon it, " a pound
of meat, including the bone," and twopence extra per day
after 12 years' service, and a shilling a day after 21 years'
service, will not attract men as even the present allow.
anoes would, were they gilded with honour.

Eht evart.

WINDSOR CASTLE, Nov. 16.

The Queen, accompanied by Princess Christian,
drove out yesterday afternoon, and her Majesty, with
Princess Beatrice, went out in the grounds this morning.
The Princess of Wales and Princess Christian went out
driving.
Princess Louise rode in the Home park.
The Hon. Lady Bidtlulph had the honour of dining with
the Queen and the Royal Family yesterday.
Mr. G. D. Engleheart has arrived at the Castle.

A Cabinet Council was held yesterday, at the
official residence of the First Lord of the Trea-
sury, in Downing-street. The ministers pre-
sent were the Earl of Derby, the Lord Chan-
cellor, the Duke of Buckingham, the Earl of
Malmesbury, the Right Hon. Spencer H. Walpole,
Lord Stanley, the Earl of Carnarvon, General
Peel, Viscount Cranborne, the Chancellor of the
Exchequer, Sir John Pakington, Sir S. Northcote,
Lord John Manners, the Right Hon. Gathorne
Hardy, and Lord Naas.

A Committee of the Lords of her Majesty's Most Ho-
nourable Privy Council sat yesterday at Whitehall, on
matters relating to quarantine. The Lords present were
the Lord President, Lord Stanley, and Sir S. Northcote.
Mr. Frederick Goulburn (vice-chairman of the Board of
Customs), Dr. Wiblin (medical superintendent of quaran-
tine at Southampton), Mr. Helps, and Mr. Harrison at-
tended the committee.
A Committee of the Lords of the Council at yesterday
at Whitehall, on the subject of the cattle plague.
The Lords present were the Lord President and Sir S.
Northeote. Mr. Harrison attended the committee.
The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council sat yester-
day. The Lords present were Lord Westbury, Sir R. V.
Williams, Sir J. Colvile, and Sir Laurence Peel.
Despatches were sent yesterday from the Colonial-office
to the governors of the West India Islands, British Hon-
duras, British Columbia, and Vancouver's

On the 10th the Emperor of Russia, accompanied
by the Prince of Wales and the Crown Prince of Prussia,
wet t in the evening to the French theatre, where Sardou's
play of Nos Bona Y illageois was brought out for the first
time ; the part of Pauline being played by Mdlle. Stella
Colas, who is a great favourite at St. Petersburg. On
Sunday morning his royal highness attended service at the
English chapel. The building was absolutely crammed
with English residents, who had come to get a view of
the Prince. The sermon was preached by the chaplain,
Mr. Thompson, whose name will be well known to the
parishioners of St. Mary's, Bryanston-square.
The Earl and Countess of Derby received Viscount
and Viscountess Cranborne, Lord and Lady Chelmsford,
Lord Stanley, M.P., Lord H. G. Lennox, M.P., and a
select circle at dinner last evening, at their residence in St.
James's-square.
The marriage of the Master of Lovat, eldest son
of Lord Lovat, to Alice Mary, the daughter of Mr. Thomas
Weld-Blundell, of Ince Blundell, Lancashire, took place
on Wednesday. The ceremony was solemnised according
to the rites of the Roman catholic church in a small
chapel attached to Ince Blundell.
A report recently circulated that Mr. Samuel
Gurney intends to retire from the representation of
Penryn and Falmouth next spring is entirely unfounded.
Mr. Gurney has no such intention.
The young men who took part in the demon-
stration against the Archbishop of Dublin last Sunday
have already felt the weight of ecclesiastical displeasure.
Many of them were members of the Young Men's Chris-
tian Association attached to St. Mark's, and at the usual
weekly meeting of that body on Thursday night, • letter
was read from the parochial clergymen, the Rev. Mr.
N'Neill, patron, and the Rev. Mr. Fuller, withdrawing
their patronage from the society. After the meeting had
terminated the assembly resolved itself into • meeting of
the parishioners. It was then resolved—" That we regret
the retirement of the clergy of the parish from the direc-
tion of our association ; but that, rather than sacrifice an
adherence to Scriptural protestentism, and be drawn into
the vortex of tractarianiern, we consent to the dissolution
of the association ; and that vre regard the coercion
thus practised towards us as unworthy the source from
which it emanated, and an attempt to deprive us of our
right of free thought Rod free action."
A Paris letter in the Indeptiviance Beige says

" Prince Napoleon accompanied the Emperor toCompiegne.
arriving shero one day before Use other guests. Veryclese
relations exist at present between the different members
of the imperial family, and the incidents of the speech at
Aiaocio are Si completely forgotten that the Prince-Im-
perial will, it is said, stand godfather to the baby with
which the Princess Clothilde is expected to be confined in
a few days."

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LATEST INTELLIGENCE,.

, . SPAIN.
Things have come to such a state in Spain, sabe
ys
the Arenir National, that a Boccaccio would
required to describe them properly. Narvaez, the
saviour of family, of religion, and property was
nearly upset a few days ago for having refute a
political poet of some importance to a certain
Menses, who is a favourite of the King, of Father
Claret, awl Sister Patrocinio, and therefore of the
Camarillo Narvaez, whose susceptibility is not
of the most acute nature, resisted, and declared
that the thing was wholly impossible. The Cama-
rillo feeling no doubt that its time was not yet
come for seizing power, compromised the matter,
and Menses will have to content himself with the
title of duke and the order of some order of
chivalry.

MEXICO.
The following is the despatch given by the New
York papers relative to the Emperor Maximilian's
departure from Mexico :

Wuhingtan, Nov. 5.
Minister Romero to-day received the following letter by
way of New Orleans, dated Vera Cruz, Oct. 26, 1866.
Maximilian left the City of Mexico on the 23rd inst.,
resigning verbally in favour of General Besaine. General
Bauble endeavoured to persuade him to delay his
departure until General Castelnau's arrival two days
later ; but he declined, and escorted by 800
Austrians, proceeded to Orizaba by cross roads, to
avoid meeting with General Cutelnan. He reached
Orizaba yesterday, and is expected here to-morrow. The
captain of the Austrian frigate Daduota states that as soon
as Maximilian arrives he will at once leave for Europe. It
is said that Maximilian will publish to-day a manifesto at
Orizaba. General Castelnau reached the city of Mexico
soon after Maximilian left, and took poesendon of the
palace, and assumed the " reins" of government. The
French soldiers who had entered under Maximilian's
oolours will be returned to France under General Cast/l-
uau's influence. General Porfirio Dias has captured the
city of Oaxaca, taking all the artillery, ammunition, men,
and supplies.

(asurim's rsulazaus.)
rrALy.

FLORENCE, Nov. 16, Evisiso.
Baron Ricasoli has issued a circular to the
Italian prefects, directing them to authorise all
bishops who are still absent from their dioceses to
return to their sees whether residing at present at
Rome or elsewhere.

PADUA, Nov. 16, Nviornm.
The King arrived here this evening and met
with an enthusiastic reception.

SUPPRESSION
OF THE CANDIAN
ISURRECTION.

MALTA, Nov. 16.
Her Majesty's ironclad Resistance, arrived here
to-day from Canes, having left that place on
Tuesday last. The Resistance reports that no
fighting had taken place within 40 miles of Canes
during the past fortnight.
The insurrection was considered entirely sup-
pressed, notwithstanding all rumours to the con-
trary.
The Malta and Alexandria cable has broken near
Ras-el-Tien. The Hawk leaves Malta to-morrow
to make the necessary repairs.