The Express.
London, England, 1866-07-26 00:00:00

BENSON, J. W., by SPECIAL APPOINT-
=NT to I.L.K. the Prime of WALIS.

BENSON, J. W., PRIZE MEDAL, LONDON,
ams sa

BENSON, J. W., PRIZEI MEDAL, DUBLIN,

BENSON'S LONDON LEVER, 4 Guineas.

!KITSON'S SILVER WATCH, 2 Guineas.

tENSON'S LADY'S GOLD WATCH, 5 Guinea'.

BENSON,
wsernouarc OLD BOsasovND-STREET, and
a

!E?TRON'S STEAM FACTORY, Ludgate-hill•

Jand G. SAMPSON, Tailors and Outfitters,
. 1 sad 1., Princesatrest, Leicester-square, W., keep as
IMMO= Stook of BOY'S CLOTHING ready made.
Bor. Nniolserboeker Salts
Eton and Drees Sults Ws. to GM.
Bum= Overcoats l4. to 212.
Gettable Mc all Mama

(I 0 AND SSE THE SHOW
of 1 ed. TIMMS in the shop window, and select
therefrom at J. and P. SAMPSON'S, mg °Metiers,
and 2, Princes street, Leicerter-eqnsze, W.

MIIRTLE, TURTLE, TURTLE.
alai 'Malt and Invalid TWIT= 80IIPS always ready.
wr.JAkilni-RALL. azoarralturr, PIMADULY.
%TX DONALD. Proprietor.

LPNDON meat have a SUPPER and MUSIC
1001 for OENTLEMEN.—Reatterober, wed t for you
at " EVANS'," after the Covent-paths Opera and Their:ea

efte rplso•

TO CORRESPONDENTS
iverthessoota intended for "The Express." Landon Evening
Paw awl be at Ow Ofileo, 10, BOU1l1614&141414. by Two
o'clock on the day of publication.

HATNARKsr
Tun ETICKING, THE BALANCE OP COMPORT. Mr. Bowe
and Ms Ada Carandla&—THE POOR GENTLEMAN. Mr.
Compton and Mn. Chippendale—LEND ME FIVE SHILLING&
Mr. Betekstone.—And A DAIIGHTEILTO MARRY.

1111INCESWE.
THIS Ivsyrws, THE HUGUENOT CAPTAIN. Means. Vining,
and G. Honey •, lasses Nos Own, Augamla Thomson, and liraThomn,
Stirling.--And QUIET LODGING&

ERITAYNIA.
Tem En:NM THE DUSTMAN'S THIABIIHZ OR WEOO
AND THE HOFFINEL—Mr. Mark Moyd ; Herr Sunman; Joe
Lund ; and Hadar E Sendara—And THE DA&E ROWS&

HIGH WAS= AT LONDON MUM
TIM DA/. —Morning, lh. •m Monaca. lb. Yak
TO-MOZZOW—Marsing, lb. as Allersoor. M. Dia.

LONDON, THURSDAY, JULY 26.

Humawrr speaking, the Great Eastern has
Arun
her teak. The miles still to be
run are over gradually decreasing depths, and
it is agreed on all aides that after last
evening even a fracture of the cable would be a
matter of comparative indifference. At noon yes-
..

terday 1,430 miles had been run. Twenty miles
further there are some rather sudden alternations,

varying from two to three hundred fathoms in
depth, but when 1,500 miles are traversed, the
soundings show a continuously oozy bottom, and
. . _ ....

but 054 fathoms in depth. The remaining 150
miles to Heart's Content become shallower and
shallower,while the bottom is composed of mud and

sand, or mud and stones. The dense fog banks of
the Newfoundland shore, and the huge icebergs like

floating citadels from which its seas are rarely free,
seem to be the chief impediments to be cared for
now. Should such a fog come on as would im-

peril the work, it would be a comparatively simple
matter to cut and buoy the cable, while the Great
Eastern put out to sea, and in case of breakage
through contact with an iceberg "picking up" I
would be hardly more difficult than splicing with
the shore end. Now that the critical points of
vast distance and immense depth seem to have
been successfully overcome, it is interesting to
refer to the submarine telegraph cables which in

these particulars moat nearly resemble that laid in
the Atlantic. The Gutta Percha Company, which
now forms one branch of the Telegraph Construc-
tion and Maintenance Company, has manufac-
tured the insulated wires of fifty-four submarine
cables now in successful working order. Of
these the one between Toulon and Corsica is 195

miles long, and lies in the greatest depth, namely,
1,550 fathoms, while the line between Malta and
Alexandria, though only in 420 fathoms water,
is nearly as long as the Atlantic cable itself,
namely, 1,550 miles. The first has been
working for the last six years, and the se-
cond for the last five years. The Persian Gulf
cable is 1,450 miles long and 120 fathoms deep,
and has been working two years; while the one
between Barcelona and Mahon is 180 miles
and 1,400 fathoms deep, and has been open for
six years. These figures are not unimportant
when the popular objections to Atlantic telegraphy
are remembered. The enormous depth is harped
on by one school of alarmiate, while the vast
length is insisted on by another, as fatal to success.
It has been the fashion to present fanciful pictures
in conversation and even in print of the mys-
terious terrors pertaining to Atlantic deeps. What
might exist in a region no one could hope to per-
sonally explore has proved an endless theme for
the imaginative ; while theorists have not been
wanting who can prove to demonstration that a cable
1,600 miles long must snap, rapidly wear itself out,
muchasa gawkyyouth whohasoutgrownhisstrength
is delicate and fragile. The figures just quoted
account for and justify the confidence of those who
were undaunted by the Atlantic failure of last
year. The condition of depth was known to have
been well tested in the Barcelona and the Cor-
sican cables. The problem of length was satisfac-
torily answered by the lines working along the
Persian Gulf and from Malta to Alexandria. It
was argued that there was nothing to prevent the
two conditions of length and depth being success-
fully tried, and the telegram from the Great
Eastern published this morning shows the conclu-
sion to be just. When it is oonaidered that one
well-known English capitalist desired to join
five others in the sole cost of this year's expedi-
tion, and that the cable of 1866 and the
charges of its laying were practically un-
dertaken by a very small number of ear-
nest believers, congratulations on success will
be largely leavened with admiration for the calm
unwavering courage displayed. The chimera of
yesterday becomes the truism of to-day, and it
may not be unreasonably hoped that Atlantic tele-
graphy will in a few years become as much a thing
of course as steam navigation, or express trains.
Reverting to one of the subordinate scientific
improvements connected with the experiment of
this year, to which previous reference has been
made, we find that the " artificial submarine
" cable," invented by Mr. Cromwell Varley,
can be made to represent, in a few minutes,
every cable that has been constructed, or is likelyl
to be submerged. This apparatus is composed of
a series of resistance coils and a series of indue-
tion plates or condensers. The resistances of the
coils can be varied at pleasure, as also the lies
of the condensers attached to them. Eleven
sets of resistance coils and 10 sets of con-
densers are generally employed to form the
artificial line. Each of the condensers is com-
posed of several hundred square feet of tinfoil.