The Express.
London, England, 1859-12-15 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 15, ANC

credit till the yeses end, or longer; and they specu-
late, they boy, and run many risks which they c mid
not venture upon if they had to pay as they go. In
esesequt nee, they fail. Many time over, in the life
of a rural artisan, he is deprived ',large amounts of
wages by the failure of his employer ; and then he is
himself " sold up," or at best compounds with the
shopkeepers, or is saddled with debt for a course of
years. Amidst such risks the shopkeepers have to
secure themselves by high charges. Those who pay
cash marget discount; but those who do spay, bet
not. ready money, are charged for the failure of thew
who break. Under such a system the morality of
the community is very low. A reckless looseness
about money has, on the surface, an appearance of
generosity; but it is mere levity, and it saps all prin-
ciple about an honest fulfilment of obligations. The
profligacy of neighbourhoods where long credits are
the rule is beyond the reach of clergy and school-
masters. At Christmas, or Candlemas, or Martin-
MY, or whenever the year's accounts are settled,
there is a drinking bout of one or more days. Drink
is offered to all comers ; the postman is tipsy, the
soberest artisans lose their heads, and more money is
spent in a day than would keep their families for
weeks. Then the squire pays his baker for all the
bread of the year, patting in the way of the baker
and his man or boy such temptations as no man
ought to throw in another man's way. Then are the
most careful people called upon to pay more than
they supposed they owed; and the beet-intentioned
may find themselves in debt. The shopkeepers dread
the settling time; and if their bad debts are more
than usual, they have to raise their prices for the
year to come. Then follow the dreary sales which
ensue upon executions; and honest and prudent
people have to make up in charity, as well as high
prices, for the sins and shortcomings of their neigh-
bours. So goes life in such places ; and very many
such places there are in England.
How the system operates in towns we need not
describe. Such cases as SARAH Deli's illustrate the
working of long credits only too frequently and too
sadly. When Mime EDOILWORTH'i "Fashionable
Tales" were read by all the world, it really seemed
as it her dreadful story of "The Dna" must extin-
guish the sin in one generation of London life at
least. It was inconceivable that any readers of the
tale could ever leave bills unpaid again; and every-
body read it. We have seemed to want some such
awakening in our generation, and we have it in
Sault Drea's case. It ii said that we are presently
to see a new fashion of moderation in female dress-
Let us hops it is true, for many reasons; and not
least because the extravagant taste of the last few
years has induced a vast amount of debt among
ladies, and misery among their creditors ; but it is
only too true that, through all changes of fashion,
certain of the great London shopkeepers are known
to stop payment at intervals avowedly as the only
means of getting their bills paid by their aristocratic
customers. Nothing can be added to the force of
this fact.

The " Clergyman" adverts to one other point—
the difficulty of inducing shopkeepers to take ready
money under as established system of long credits.
In reply to his appeal for information, oountry rest-
' dents would no doubt tell him that this Is very com-
mon; and that a little perseverance will work a
great change. The main comfort, indeed, in the
whole business is that it is a cue in which individual
effort is completely effective, as far as it goes. Let
residents resolve to pay their way, and they cannot
fail of achieving great good. Let the rich man de-
' clue his will to have short accounts, and see that the
thing is done, and he will lower shop prices, to the
benefit of the poorest widow in the place. More-
over, he will shame his neighbours of all ranks into
imitating hid example. Let him propose to pay the
contractor for his drainage, or his building, in
monthly sums, on the strict condition that the work-
men and labourers are paid by the week, and he
will see comfort, and thrift, and respecta-
bility grow up among them. Whatever the
squire may do, let the clergyman, and the widow
lady, and the man of small income, avow the fact
that yearly payments are a difficulty and anxiety
which they do not choose to endure, and declare
that, if the shopkeeper makes any trouble about
short accounts, they will buy what they want from
the next town; and they will soon find their way
clear. At first, they will be called troublesome;
but it will be for a very short time. In • little
while all will be anxious for the cogent of " the beet
payers in the place," as they will have the repu-
tation of being. Many are the opportunities that
will be afforded to them of giving counsel and aid ;
for many will be the confidences brought them about
the perplexities and miseries created by their non-
paying neighbours. A Clergyman could hardly bit
upon • hater method of encouraging the honest and
prudent among his neighbours, and rebuking the
reckless and haughty, precluding much sin sad
misery, and winning the trust and confidence of his
flock, than by thinking and acting as oar corre-
spondent seems to do. We hope the example may
spread, in town and country.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE,

FRANCE.
PARIS, Tlit MAT.
The 1/emitter of tc-day says :
" Prince Metternich, in presenting his Satre. de
creases to the Emperor, delivered a speech, in which
he said The Emperor had commanded him most
particularly to convince the Emperor of the high
price he attached to his personal friendship,' adding,
' that it would be agreeable to his Majesty to see the
completion and consolidation of the relations of
good understanding and intimacy with which the
general interests of Europe are so closely connected.'
"The Emperor replied, ' I have the firm hope that
the relations which have been so happily re-esta-
blished between the Emperor of Austria and myself
cannot but become more friendly by an attendee
examination of the interests of the two countries.
Since I have seen the Emperor I attach a great
value to his personal friendship. The sincere agre--
meat between us will be facilitated by the cholae of
a representative whose conciliatory spirit is known,
and who has so many titles to my confidence and to
my esteem.'

"The Emperor has received the Prince d'Orange."
The Moniteur also contains the following: U Yes-
terday Prince Jerome Napoleon was again at-
tacked with inflammation of the lungs. His state
was very grave, and canned serious apprehensions.
The Emperor and Empress have visited his Imperial
Highness."

THE FRENCH FUNDS.
PARIS, WIDEISDAT, 12.7 P.K.
The fonds opened heavy. Rent*, 70.65.

3.30 c.a.
The market has been very flat, bat improved at
the clam. Rents. 70.60, being a decline of I BUM
yesterday.

SPAIN AND MOROCCO.

The following are extreme from the Gibraltar
Chronicle

Dec. 3.
We have tiesn permitted to give the accompanying eatract
eta letter from the camp. It is from a entre° which goa-
-1 renews the correctness of its statement :
Canto of Serrano, Nov. 27, 1859.
't We have had some ddrimishes with the Moore, but their
attack on our lines on the 26th sesumsd the fierceness and
troportions of a battle. They made a feint upon our right,
and threw all their weight upon our left centre. The fight
lasted from 1 until 4 o'clock p.m., when they were repulsed
on all seise with very heavy lose, heaps of 80, 60, and more
dead hodtes being found in the petitions they cemipied. It is
well known the care they take to remove their dead if not
routed, as they certainly were the day before yester-
day. 'I calculate their loss at about 600 to 800 men
!writ at combat, among which 2.50 dead. We also auffercd
considerably, so they fought with great determination, and
the intimate knowledge of these intricate forests and defiles
is in their favour. Our looses amount to 300 or 400 men
altogether, but many are but slightly wounded. A batch of
these savages made a malt from an =bah upon General
&halm ; shot his and his aide-de-camp's hence and carried
away the tip of his fore finger; he had a marrow escape. His
assailant wee soon despatched. My awed good lock attended
tee, although we had to sustain the brunt of the enemy on
our let' centre. Should the Moms meet no on lees covered
and troken ground all the chasms see against them."
No account of the action of the 110th bee been reastred
except teat tontainsd In the "hoja Taws." The only re-
hab/a facts we can gather is that there was severe fighting,
The hots" gives the Spanish toss as 40 killed and 100
wounded, that of the Moors so 4,000 left upon the field and
46 drowned.

Ds°. 6.
The Moore give the following account of operations in the
neighbourhood of Ceuta during the pact work
On Wednesday, the 30th, they attacked the Spanish re-
doubt in force, captured and cc vied off the Spanish flag. and
took much spoil. Reinforcements being mat up by the Spa-
nish General, the Moors were surrounded, but succeeded in
cutting their way through and regaining their old positions.
The MoorisAt loss wee 60 killed and wounded. On Thursday
there wasnothies done. On Friday large reinforcements
of Moors arrived, under the command of the greatest
saint of the country, and in importanoe second only
to the Sultan, the Sherif Sidi-el-liadi-Abdeslam of Waxen.
And on Saturday the Spanish army withdrew within tie
lines of Ceuta, leaving the Sorrell° sad the redoubt in the
baud. of their former occupiers.
This last movement, it it bee really taken place, le, no
doubt, preparatory to • dreamt upon some other point oe the
, Moorish territory; possibly is coenbinetka with the Malaga
' dietitian under Roe de Olaco, which has been kir some days
pantie etourly expectation of orders to embark. There is a
very general impression that the Bay of Tetuan wal to the
scone of operations. At present, however, all prow Alas*
must necessarily be et:upended ; a strong easterly pie, ac-
companied by • heavy 'es, opposes an inanperabie obstacle
to any landing on the onset.
Further advice. have come to band which state that on the
30th ult. the Kabyles of Beall:usenet. Beni Orus and U wins,
task to iltglit at the commencement of the action on that day ;
but that the Kabyles of Angie., with 300 Moors from Tan-
gier, sustained the brunt of the whole Spanish army, and
that, after • desperate struggle, they were likewise compelled
to retreat before such numerous forces.
Oa the 2nd instant the army of Tetuan, to the number of
10,000, advanced towards the Speatieh lines, when a fiercely
untested battle took place. According to information re-
ceived from a very reliable source, the victory remained unde-
cided.

rise 8.
Arrivals from Maingen and Befil Mate that it was rumoured
at those pieces that, owing to the commencement of hostili-
ties with Spain, • holy war bad been proclaimed throughout
the empire, WO& world soon bring down to the seaboard
towns thoomeds of mused Items, to defend their country
sad religion against the Bpenterds. Tiede with the interior
wee, in consequence of these .vote, in . paralysed Mete.
TM popteatione of the., teem, notwithstanding, sre reported
to be in I quiet condition, mad peaceably inclined towards
metre' powers.

The Post understands that the members of the
congress are already squabbling about their places at
the table, sad disputing on the point as to who
shall occupy the higher and the lower seats. " The
potentate whose inability to maintain his role over
his own subjects, except by the aid of • foams' force,
will form one of the chief topic. of diecnseio• in the congress
claims precedence in its meetings over King and Kaiser, and
demaada that the modem" be accorded to Ms minister
rather thus to the reprematetives of any of the greet powers.
The soma serseesms of the catholic church demands rimy-
nition as &mama dontiotenorn amongst European sovereigns.
The question of precedence, which at the Congress of Vises•
was settled in a very simple and if-tiand way—that of alpha-
tur Joel eider—threetens to prove • stumbling•block to the
diplonsatlds in the approaching council, whilst yet on the
very threshold of their labours." The Post also understands
that France has ensconced her willingrese to evacuate
Rome, but has at the issue time espoused her resolve to
coatings the occupation of Civita Vecchia.

---
Some thieves have again broken into the church
of the Madonna della Gratis, at Naples, and stripped '• Oar
Lady" of all her jewels. The church, too, was cleared of
the silver candlesticks end other valuables. The unfor-
tunate Madams is to have a new dress sad jewels from the
KIM.

Tae CARNIVAL.—A Turin letter in the Paris
Prase Nye:—" The semen of the carnival is annoneord, In
Italy, order the most bedbant auspices. The provisionsi
Mate of things and politlad anxieties do not yam likely to
throw much damp on the festivities. The theitres ire draw-
, nig kill houses ,:very where. At Turin we are gang to
have the rivalry of two Fowls, namesake. Darin (hie goy
period the Paha. thrones will give truentline, as ens-
tunny, to crammed hours end at eight sow • heed, of the
whole of ow Pianism stock piece., from those of
Kollin to the &hammy! of oar friend Paul Mourne,
which piece I saw announced the other dey in
• pl•y•lail at the door of a marionnette circus.
You know all about the Glendale, don't you P It to the
Piedmonts/a type, the polinhinello, the punch, the Jack-
pudding 'JIM*. pun. He ie • Nagy sort of • fellow. He
Wks Piohnonteee, not the most elegant of his accomplish-
ment. I aunt ..y. Al bough three has be.. mach teamed
resurch into these typed a philosophic comparison and
analysis of them is still is desid . In fact, their do-
mino are not eusutially difLrent ; under diff rent cos-
tumee, with or without plaited hair, with or without a meek,
whether • Neapolitan, Florentine, Lombard, or Piedmontese,
bet. always the jioter, the eccentric person of the pine,
the representative of the popular good or bad quali-
ties; he is um and the noun type under dif-
ferent mums, lees cleaned and leas refined than Pierrot, bat
at times more tout:hied and sympathetic. In many French
t=try:Ailed (.dl of them are to, and all played tee) the
eet poetise( our beet low cureeiseri are willingly tam
by Sientorello and by the Midnights° of Milan. Glendale
Is In his element when wearing the serant's livery of the
farces played at Le Gel 6 and the Amtogu. Then lyir
"shun' parts of the French stage, pleyed by one and the
rose typical punster, constitute, I venture to assert, the
essence of the Italian types. I think the preeenotion of
three types his sigu of youth In the popular mind, and that
the multiplicity of the Preach comic dress is a very brut
proof of the calture and vivacity of that mind."

FRANC&

Our anal Paris letter had not arrived when we
went to prem.

ITALY,

CENTRAL ITALY.

(rum ova vPICIAL cotaisroimisi.)

BOLOGNA, ec. 10.
In 1816, after the last efforts of the FrenDch revo-
lution had been subdued by the Holy Alliance, the
diplomatists of Europe set to work to draw up the
fawose political map which since that time has been
the constant source of official quarrels and popular
revolutions. Italy was absurdly divided into as
many parts as the dynastic interests of so many
princely families required. Its natural boundaries,
the interests of its populations, the centres of com-
merce and industry—in one word, all those consi-
derations which ought to regulate the political
division of a state, were totally disregarded, and
made subservient to the dynastic ambition of its
future rulers. The first result of this capricious ar-
rangement of boundaries was naturally that the go-
vernment of each state was obliged to divide its inter-
nal administration according to the vicious plan sanc-
tioned by the great European Powers in 1815. Hues
the absurdity of the distant provinces of Massa and
Carrara being under the political and admiuistrative
sway of Modena, in spite of the Apennines, which
divide them from the capital, and the insufficiency of
roads for the maintenance of communications between
those two districts and the central power. From this
factnaturallysprung the absurd consequence thattke
subjects of the Duke of Modena were lees united
and nothing like so well informed of what happened
' on the other side of the Apennines as, the Genoese°,
Tuscans. The Carrara marble, which constitutes the
most important product of that province, could not
be shipped except by taking it to Leghorn or Genoa,
and the citizens of that town were under the noose-
aity of sending their sons to the 'Diversity of
Modena or to the Lyceum of Reggio, and having
their lawsuits decided by the high tribunals of the
above-mentioned capital. Inconveniences of all sorts
and an enormous loss of time were the result of the
abnormal stu e thus created by the bleu-
den of European diplomacy in 1816. As I told
you in my yesterday's letter, all these obstructions to
the free intercourse of the Central Italian popular
' dons are about to be removed, by the new territorial
division already decided upon by Farini. There is,
for instance, a part of the Romagna which, by its
natural boundaries, mere properly belongs to 'Tus-
cany ; there are some provinces of Modena which,
both by their commercial and rural interests, and by
the circumstance of their vicinity, ought to belong
rather to Ferrara or to Bologna than to Modena.
Some others which now form part of the last-named
Legation had, before 1815, been more properly united
to the Duchy of Modena. The boundaries between
this Liliputian state and the Legations as they stand
now are die very negation of that principle which ought
to regulate the delimitation of states. In that ter-
ritorial division the laws of nature as well as the
interests of commerce and industry were totally dis-
regarded, and the wants of the rural population set
at nought. Should, therefore, the present rulers of
Tuscany accept the project suggested by Farini and
by the commission appointed by him, Central Italy
could be more easily united into a firm political and
administrative whole, and the boundaries of each
state would be those which are so dis-
tinctly traced by nature. In such a case, that
extreme tract of land which runs southward from
San Benedetto to the Terra del Sale, now belonginf
to Tuscany, would be united to the province of Fork,
on this side of the Apennines, and Massa and Car-
rara, with the adjoining province of Loniggiana,
would be given to the former Duchy by way of com-
pensation. Whilst the commissioners appointed by
.. •

this government are beady eagaged in carrying
out this new important territorial arrangement,
other commissioners have been no less active in the
work of assimilating the existing law of these pro-
vinces with those of Piedmont.

Before the political events of last May the Lega-
tions and the two minor Duchies bad no communal
laws, and no civil, criminal, or commercial codes.
Europe knows enough about the Holy Tribunal of
the inquisition and of the exceptional laws which
made Jews& community of Helots, without any civil
at political rights. All these wrongs have already
been redressed by a stroke of Parini's dictatorial
pen. As soon as the commissioners have accom-
plished their task, the Sudinian code will at once
be sanctioned as the only law of the country.
The uncertainty which prevailed in the laws of
this country during the domination of priests, Dukes,
and Duchesses, WM both curious and lamentable to
contemplate. In the state of Modern, fur instance,
such institutions as Chambers and Tribunals of Com-
mem were totally unknown. Seven years ago the
condition of mercantile transactions in that com-
munity of 603,000 inhabitants was such, that it was
only in 1362 that the new code of commerce recog-
nised the bill of exchange and the formation of com-
mercial companies. In spite of the solemn engage-
ments undertaken by the Duke respecting the
ancient statutes of the towns, the municipal authori-
ties had not the power of spending a franc with-
out previously obtaining the authorisation of the
central power.
This state of things was obviously too bad to con-
tinue, and by the goodness of Providence a man has
arisen who, in the coarse of six months, has restored
matters to a condition more befitting the dignity of
an intelligent people.

" Our correspondent at Florence," says the Nord
of Brussels, " protests against the reports which
impute to M. Rieasoli ulterior designs of promoting
the formation of a kingdom of Central Italy."
A Turin letter says
The deputise aseecobled at Florence for the (aeon of the
cysts= of Central Italy with those of the fierd4-Lombard
kingdom have terminate! their Ist m-e, and what they pro-
per e will be carried out se woo se approved of. Amonpt
other things, from the let of January nest, the antral one-
tcme administration at Turin will notify every month to the
different provinces the amount of revenue they will have to
ream.

Another letter from the same city nye:
The population of Benevento 1s so wearied of the denim&
Papal rigime that may are signing petition. praying that
t►ey may be annexed to Naples. Their territory, though
earroonded by the Papal &ewe, was formerly an independent
Omit, tlity hold by Talleyrand. The population of Pooq
Corvo are imitating their example. This territory, much
sore to the north, is not far from the frontier, end forme
pert of the pontifical delegation of Frminone. It formerly
belonged to Bernadotte, but in 1816 was reatored to the
church. Its population V about 7,000 or 8,000; that of
Benevento is rather more than 30,000.

NEW BT4FP COLLEGE AT SANDRUBST.

The first stone of the projected college for officers
tithe army who, having served a probation in regimental
duties, seek by a higher tonne of training to qualify them.
11 selves for staff appointments, was formally laid at Smal-
-1 harm yesterday by the Commander-in-Chief, the Duke of
Cambridge. An opportuaity was mewed, by the visit of his
royal highness to Sandbars; to receive the half-yearly report
of the Cotton! of Eurninere.

The ceremony wee commenoed with prayer, offered up by
the Rev. Dr. CnsmaxLc, chaplain of the Military College.
♦ small mahogany box, containing the usual scroll, setting
forth the circumstances under which the bet Moue was laid,
together with a complete set of the coined the preesut reign,
was then handed to the Commander-in-Chief, and deposited
by his royal highness in a ream prepared for their reception.
The stow was otat lowered, and hie royal highness, having
adjusted it by level and line in its appointed place, pro-
nounced it, amid the cheers of the concourse„ to be " well
and truly laid." The band struck up the National Anthem,
and a salute from the field-pieces of the colicre els) greotel
this sanounoemeot.

Colonel MixDooo•tc, Commandant at the College, In •
brief speech, thanked the Commander-In-Chief for having
graciously attended there that day.
The CIIAPLAIN of the College then pronounced the Apes-
tonna! benediction, and the ceremony of laying the founds-
dun ,tone terminated.

Rid royal highness and his staff than proceeded to the
riding-school of the Royal Military College, where the
owlets underwent a practical teat of their horsemanship.
The distinguished visitors nest partook of luncheon with
the commandant, professors, and students of the Staff Col-
lege after which they repaired to the board-room, where
the formality of awarding certificates to the successful Mad
Collegians was to take place. Here the official report. of
the ezetniners were read, stating in detail toe relative pro-
ficiency of the different students in the various branches of
their studies, as indicated by the number of marks they had
gained in each. Those reports were highly setiafactory,
both as to the junior class, which remeina another year he
the college, and the senior close, the members of which have
all completed their curriculum, end are now eligible for
staff appumtmente, the preeedenos awarded to them being
regulated according to their number of marks.

The reading of inturnents having been concluded,
His BoYALlumina briefly addrened the indents.
He said,—Cientlemen, I am very glad to be able to congra-
tulate you on the results of the examination. It is highly
satisfactory to so to have so good a report of the trouble and
pains you have taken in preparing yourselves while at title
College for these impotent staff duties which are so D 800.•
rry in an army, and which, it not properly fulfilled, must
end in serious diameter to the troops with which you may be
engaged. I may observe that yon passes amy great ad-
vantage In having at the heed of your college an officer like
Colonel MacDougall, for whom I have a great regard—l may
almost say, affection, for he is, is fact, one of the moat Jaffe-
factory men to deal with whom I have ever met. It
would therefore be strange indeed if you had not progressed
under such a chief, who carries his men along with him
more than any other man I ever knew. Ido not, however,
mention the SalliillAl2ol3 which you have roomed from
Colonel MacDouatall, or from the admirable staff of pro-
! femora who have devoted their time in furtherance of your
! pursuits, with any intention to detract from the merit which
! belongs to you You have profited by their labour' and
their co-operation, and you have come up in the end to
their expectations and to ours. The question of education
is one of very comiderable do • 4lty. We all desire
to see it carried to the highest possible pitch, so that I
the education given doss not reach a point where it would
destroy efficiency. Yon are book-worm is a very respect-
able penny in his way; but he is not altogether the men
you want for a muff-officer. You want to have book learning
end all other neoessery qualities combined. Therefore,
gentlemen, se you have now obtained • great amount of
thiamin], and I am bound to add, practical knowledge to fit
you teethe army, while I would recoommad you to keep up your
studios by hooka, I would urge you todeme yoerselves an-
thill, to mastering the interior economy of a regiment and all
those minor and practical details, an acquaintance with which
I contend is ea menial in many respects se the higher sub-
jects of study connected with our profession. Don't disre-
gard these thing., thee, because you have taken honours
sod gained a high position in mathematics and other useful
acquirements. Don't forget those mall detail., without
which an army cannot get on. Someinnes, indeed, an aresy
suffers severely from the neglect of the moth mioute arrange-
mute, and matters which some would think of the very
Meat importance may, after ell, prove of mote consequence
than all the rest besides. Let me, then impress upon
you the necessity, when you return to the service and
obtain them staff appointment, which I truth to mem you
all filling, of your applying yourselves to everything whin
can increase your qualifintion fur your profiestoit with the
sante reel and devotion as you hive showa within the walla
to this ieuniittiion. Gentlemen, I can only congratulate you
again on the my favours..le account have received of
your proficiency. The progress you have made must, 1 ant
Imre, be very satisfactory to the governor, Sir Harry Jones,
and to the professors ; and I will only add that whenever I
visit this place again, if I should be spared to do so, and get
ma equally good report, I shalt be exceedingly gratified.
It may be here mentioned that the result of the last half.
year's ompetition for first commimess among the Sand-
hurst candidates was announced to them before they
quitted parade. Twenty-four of the senior cadets had ob-
tained gratuitous oommissions fur their proficiency; two
others, though lees proficient, were declared eligible for coin-
misione by purchase; and tour had entirely failed to pees.
The report relating to the ceders wee, on the whole, regarded
by the authorities as eatilluitory.
The Commander-in-Chief end his suite then Mersa to
town.

- The weather wee throughout the day dry sad ►Mtl(ally
fine.

It is rumoured that Mr. Cardwell has traamnitted
to Dr. Cullen and his colleague* the decision of government
upon their demand of a grant for separate ednostion.l pur-
poses. The Chief Secretary, it is alleged, states that govern-
meat will not depart from the national system of education,
but that it will entertain any suggestions for its more efficient
application to the circumstances of the country.

It is understood that an agreement bas been com-
pleted between the tour great railway companion north and
moth of London—namely, the Great Western, London and
North-Western, the Brighton, end the South• Western, to
make the requisite hake across the Themee and elsewhere to
establish communication between the whole. Mr. Francis

Fuller has been appointed surveyor.
The public meeting of the Roman catholic* of
London, to adopt an address to the Pope, is to be held in the
Hanover-square Rooms, on nest Monday evening.
REIPItEhIiNTATION 01 READING.—It wee con-
fidently anticipated that Mr. R. A. Benson would again
contest the borough on Conservative principle*, but on Tees-
day morning that gentleman issued au address, in which ea
says Having men it stated in some of the London
journals that I am a candidate for the honour of filling the
Met la the representation of your important borough, vacant
by the preferment of Sir Henry Keating, it Ic incumbent mine
at once to inform'you that engagements of paramount Import-
ance claim from meat theproaent moment the attention and ser-
vice which, were I free on this occasion to solicit your suffrage/at
would be unreservedlydue to the oonstituency of Reading.'
On Monday evening the Conservative Association held •
meeting at the Great Western Hotel, which was numerously
attended; Mr. H. J. Slowed' in the chair. The roii owing
resolution was unanimously passed :—" That dile non mg
have levied with great regret the resignatiou of Mr. Benson ;
het, having a firm conviction that a m.jonty of the electors
will not sanction the pretensions of Sir F. Goldemid, do re-
solve to bring tomes (I a candidate whose political and reli-
gions sympathies are wore to accordance with those of the
constituency." Severe' canes have been mentioned as likely
to be put forward, but up to the present time no one has
been announced.

DILATE OP TEE COUNTESS (DOWAGER) OF COUR-
TOWN.—We have TO Sanounce the &Alt of the Countess
(Dowager) of Connown, who died on Sands,. last et her resi-
dence et Edinburgh. The lamented oountess, who wss in
her thlrtyfifth year. wits the youngest daughter of the late
Right Hon. Edward Fennefather, Chief Jostle, of the
Quittes Bench in Ireland, and married in 1860 James, 4th
and late Earl of Courtown.

LORD HOLLARD.—A telegram, received in town
on Tuesday from Naples, announces that his lordship was
mach the same. Although greatly weakened, slight hopes
were entertained by his lordship's =4=l &mendena of hie
ultimate rec mery, se his disorder had pm tialty yielded to
medical skill. At one period so critical was the condition of
his 1 mlehip Chet his life was despaired of.
DEATH OF ?OR. DAVIDSOP.—We regret to record
the sudden death of Mr. W. T. Davids, mere familiarly
known in the theatrical world as Mr. W. T. Davidson.
He had been indispomid for rune few weekii, but had appa-
rently quite recovered, end sae so well on Wednesday even-
ing, that he eat up till midnight writing a farce, which he
intended to snit= to Moore. Robe= and Bolden, of the
Olympic Theatre, with whip eetabli.lituest he had for-
go, fly been concocted. He afterwards went to bed and slept
souodly till 4 o'clock the no et morning, when he awoke with
a sudden exclernetinn and immediately expired. Mr. David-
son was manager of the Oiyinpie Theatre in the year 1848,
when he introduced Mr. G. V. Brake to the London
For the Mat few yeme be boa contnbuted chiefly to the
Arnerimin stage, nod at one period obtained some repute as
an &ilia. It is much to be regretted that he leaves a widow
and children quite =provider' for. The anemty of his mai.-
nee and his lovo of the dretua.ic art gained for him the re•
sport and acqualntioni e of a huge abets of theatrical friends,
who, we bops, will one= forward to assist than who ere now
deprived of the benefit of hie auctions.

TAB ABV. !AYES BONWELE A CASE.

COMMISSION OF INQUIRY.-(THIS DAY.)
. . _

This morning a commission of inquiry was opened
in the Common Ball of Doctors' Commons, touching " cer-
tain scindal and evil report" against the Rev. James
Bonwell, the incumbent of St. Philip's, Stepney. The com-
mission had been issued by the Bishop of London, in mu.
once of the provisions of the Church Discipline Act; the
Kendal referred to having had lit origin in the birth, death,
and burial of a child, the illegitimate offspring of Elizabeih
Tomb, daughter of a clergyman la Wales. A few months

ago same suspicious circumZumes consented with the coS-
finernent of the young lady, coupled with the subse-
quent disappearance of the mother and child, were
brought to the knowledge of the bishop, through the
medium of an anonymous letter. His lordship forwarded
the letter to the Home-office, and the Secretary of State
communicated it to the Commissioners of Pollee, who &ord
it in the bands of Inspector Wicher, of the detective force,
with instructiona to vas his best efforts in testing the aeon-
r;cy of its contents. The inspector soon ascertained that •
child had been born in the schoolroom attached to St.
Philip'. Church, as mentioned in the letter; that,
with the mother, it had been removed to an hostelry in
the Borough, where it died cot suddenly, but mysteriously
end that it hrd been secretly buried in the Tower Henan.
Cemetery. These fans wire in doe course reported from
Soodsnd.yard to the Hafts Secretary, and eventually the
Secretary of State ordered the body to be exhumed, with
the view of having the cause of death made the
subject of • coroner's inquisition. Mr. Humphrey, the
coroner for East Middlesex, end a respectable jury of Stepney
householders accordingly devoted three sittings to the chatter-
and their labours resulted in the following verdict, viz.:—
" That the said Philip Yoreth, an illegitimate child of tender
age, in the charge of Elisabeth Yorath, his mother, and the
Rey. James Boswell, did die of inanition, which they find
is due to one of two causes ; either that it did not or could
not swallow food ; and the said jurors do farther say the
deceased was ebb) to swallow, and did swallow, food; but
whether sufficient to maintain life they are unable to saner-
Min ; and lb. said jams do lastly say, from the evidence, it
appear& the conduct of Elizabeth Tomtit and the Rev. James
Bonwell and Mr. Ayres is highly cerunsable."

This inquiry appears to have fathead neither the bishop
nor the public. It left untouched the question of the pater-
nity of the child, and necessitated the issuing the present
commission.

The conunfasioners were Dr. Travers Twig. (chancellor of
the diocese), Archdeacon Haley Canon De* Rev. J. E.
Kemp (rector of St. James's), and the Rev. W. G. Humphrey
(vicar of St. Martin's•in-the-Fietda.)
The Bishop of London was represented by Mr. Coleridge,
and the defendant by Mr. J. B. Sorrell, solicitor, of 60,
Mark•lane.

The commianion was read. It sat forth at length the oh-
enmetances above mentioned, and, furthermore, It distinctly
charged the reverend defendant with having within the last
two years had adulterous Intercourse with Elisabeth Yore*.
Mr. Sorrell, who said he appeared as agent for the Rev.
Mr. &neon, applied for an adjournment on the ground that
Mr. Best, the defendant's conned, being on circuit, was
unable to attend to-day.
Mr. Coleridge rather objected to the application unless be
wee informed within what time Mr. Best had been instructed.
All the preliminaries required by the act of parliament bad
been observed, end the witnesses were now in attendance,
Dr. Travers Twice said the commissioners could not accede
to the application.
Mr. Sorrell next applied to have the ease investigated Is
private.
Mr. Coleridge said it was of course In the discretion of the
commierioners to bear the WO fa public or private. but be
apprehended this application was only made to save the feel-
ings of the rev. defendant, and that was not a sufficient
reason fur promoting in private.
Mr. Sorrell said he made the application in the interact of
the church. He was mations to have it protected from any
further scandal connexion with this matter.