The Express.
London, England, 1860-07-19 00:00:00

COMMERCIAL INT=IGENCE

NSW YORK, JULY 6.
Cotton unchanged. Flour and whist heavy, but sisehrogsi
in price. Corn scarce and fanner. Oats quiet. Beef and
pork quiet. Mone7 and exchange undamaged. Stocks not
brisk, but prices higher.

EXPRESS FROM PARIS.

(nom out OWN

PARIS, WILDNZISDAY EVICLUSG.

The Bourse was much depressed. Notwithstand-
ing a rise of I m Console, there has been a further
fall of I per cent. in the Bente, which following
upon a fall of lilet3 amount yesterday is very con-
siderable. Sales were prevalent all day, without
any reaction. The closing prioes wore 68fr. 70c.
for cash, and 68fr. 65c. for account, being a fall of
150. and 25c. Mobilier fell 18fr. 75c. There had
been a rumour that the Credit Mobilier would take
up the Turkish Loan which has been refused in
London, but under present circumstances this ope-
ration is considered impossible. The Orleans
Railway fell 13fr. 75c. ; Orleans, 15fr. ; Lyons,
10fr. ; Southern, Sir. 75c. ; and Western,
2fr. 50c. Eastern rose 2fr. 50c. It is cu-
rious that, although the Bourse is worse
by a great deal than yesterday, the prospect
of intervention in the East is considered less im-
minent. The news of General Trochu's expedition
at the head of 4,000 men is denied, and the rumour
is traced to the report of an officer that at least
that force would be required if intervention should
be decided upon. It is said in Bullier's Corresixm-
deuce that the objections of England had delayed
active measures. Even M. Grandguillot's article,
which occasioned uneasiness at the Bourse, confirms
by the following concluding passage the idea that
no intervention has yet been decided upon :

After all, it is advisable not to give way to unreasonable
alarm. The mischief done is great, no doubt, but Europe,
now warned, will permit neither its continuance nor its
return. U Turkey should be found unequal to the emer-
gency, Europe will not be unmindful of what is due to
populations long oppressed, and the victims of three mu-
Write of servitude. France, to which the East turns its im-
ploring look as to the land of heroic and generous self-de-
votedness, will find in her historical traditions the inspira-
tions of an initiative imposed by her long-continued gran-
deur. The Emperor, by thus resuming, in the name of the
imperious necessity of circumstances, the continuation of
our history, will rally round this work, one of the most
interesting to modern civilisation, the unanimous sympa-
thies of nations and governments.

Anxiety was, however, felt about a ministerial
council held this day, at which it was understood
that both the affairs of Syria and Italy were dis-
cussed.

I have seen an official letter from Turin, which
states that a rising in the marches of the Roman
states is considered imminent.

The weather was very cloudy to-day during the
early stages of the eclipse, but just about 3 o'clock,
when the obscuration was at its greatest, the
clouds broke, and the phenomenon was seen under
very favourable circumstances—at least in the part
of Paris where I happened to be. The degree of
obscurity was so slight, that it would not have
struck the attention of an observer not on the look
out, for it was much about the same as in 1868.
We learn by telegraph from Madrid that, at the
spot selected by the French astronomers who have
gone to Spain to observe the total eclipse, the sky
was cloudless--a most important point for those
who hoped to see Lescarbault's new planet between
the sun sad Mercury.

MESSIN A.

The following proclamations have been imued by
Inhabitants of the Province of,..ldeuina.

The Dictator of Sicily has confided to me the command
of your province.
The difficult post confers great honour on me, but not the
less on that account do I deliberately ask myself whether
my strength will bear the burthen I have assumed or not.
Had I trusted to this strength alone I should not have
accepted, but two reasons console me for having done so—
the duty of devoting myself entirely to the service of the
country, and the security I feel in finding myself assisted by
the co-operation of all good men, of all those who love their
country's welfare above everything.
Commissioned by Garibaldi, and proud of being able to
call myself his companion in arms, I have little to tell you,
and shall do what circumstances require, freely, frankly,
and without boasting.
Traiued up long since to freedom, I was always her soldier,
and made it my duty to fight for her defence. And Freedom
means with me—Justice, Virtue, Morality. Such is the
civil freedom, noble and instructive, that I am reedy to
make respected by all and for all.
The laws emanating from the power of the Dictator, and
which laws must be scrupulously observed, are basest on
these principles.
Convinced that liberty bean with it rights that ought to
be protected and defended against a party that would fain
trample them under foot—a part that by iniquitous mains,
unworthy of the age we live in, @ striving to substitute for
the light of freedom and preset.s the sad and mournful
darkness of ignorance—that to combat these adversaries
force is now at hand—not • brute, but a liberating foroe, re-
presenting the energy and will of • people—l shall oocupy
myself with the unwearied study of the military question.
In this respect, if I expect corresponding exertions and
co-operation from every part of the public administration,
I expect the peculiar and powerful support of the cou-
rageous youth of Sicily. In presence of the sublime spec-
tacle afforded by thousands of volunteers hastening from
Northern Italy to dotheir duty as Italian patriots in this
island, their brethren of the south will not remain passive.
The better hopes of the country are centred in the young
rnen, Immure to the sacred enthusiasm of their youthful
years are added intellect, vigour, and • resolute mind—
beause men are the soldiers of the future, as aged
men are the prudent guardians of the wisdom of the past.
And with our young battalions we shall obtain power,
and being certain of our object shall prosecute the war and
end with victory. Ones more, too often indeed, our arm@
will have to be turned against adversaries born on the mune
soil, speaking the same language. and warmed by the same
Italian sun. But the principle of liberty is stronger than
all of us, because it is necessary. Let them also conform to
that principle—a glorious future awaits them. The foreigner
still oppresses • large portion of Italian land. The re-
demption of that territory would be their own
redemption. They who can be good soldiers under
the flag of slavery, without glory or honour, will
be heroes on the day when they nun call themselves the
soldiers of their native country ; when an immortal prin-
ciple shall urge them on and convert them from slaves
into free men.
The pnnciple for which battle was done at Magenta and
San Martino, at Varese and Como, is the same that has
called to arms the Sicilian people, that causes volunteers to
flock hither from all parts of Italy, that will call ua to arms
to-morrow. The cry then of the dying and the victors was
—One Italy. Such shall be our cry. With the noble ex-
amples of • loyal soldier king and of Garibaldi, raised to
the height of 'Washington, we cannot be stopped in Mid.
career.
Inhabitants of the province of Messina,—Fortune has
placed us here in the van : it is a post of honour. We
know bow to show to the world that we are worthy of it in
every
Aadrewerteitwe shall be able to say that we have done our
duty as men, citizens, and soldiers, we shall have con-
quered, and Italy, once more her own mistress, will take
her seat among the civilised nations.
Barcellona, July 5, 1860.
The General Commanding the Province of Metro,
G. Memel.

TO TUE ITALIANS OP TUB NEAPOLITAN ARMY.
Ilrothns,—When all the world regards and applauds
Italy, why do you wish alone to remain the laughiug•stock
of Italy and the world?
When the whole nation is gathered under the glorious
tricolored flag, why do you wish alone to remain tho sup-
porters of a deg on one side of which is written "Perjury,"
on the other, " Infamy"?
When the noblest youths of Italy are coming forward u
the valiant champions of liberty, why do you alone wish to
remain the ignoble instruments of torture and of the "alp
of *deuce "

Think of it—you are brave, indeed—the bravest of soh
diem had to say it, Garibaldi said it, whom you oppow:d.
And you were fighting against Italy, your mother. Tirothose arms of yours against the foreigner, against the one •
mice of Italy, and you will be so many heroes.
Thick of it—you might have your breasts eoverod
with immortal names, like Crimea, Mastro, Magenta,
Martino, Como, and Varese--but instead of theta yuu bat.
ally the remembrance of fratricidal contests.
For your honour, for your safety, rouse yotuselves
you are lost, as the cause is lost that you serve.
Redeem yourselves by fighting the enemies of the yountry.
some with us, we stretch out our hands to you ; swbr
us, together we shall be invincible. With a fete stsl
great country our full activity will find an honourable de.
-do tit.
T now only one Italy to serve—serve it. Throw
yourselves on its bosom ; come and swell the ranks of tho,
who are fighting for her.
Your rank shall be preserved to each of you ; you shall
also be promoted. Immediate assistance shall be atforild
to your soldiers, to your officers, to all of you that steed is
wed of it. _

Come to us as brothers, aad you shell be received IS auk
--es such he protected.
13aroellosa, July 6, 1861:1. G. MCD!CI.

PORTUGAL ' AND PORT WINE.

The policy of the Portuguese government, with
regard to the wines of the Alto-Douro, ha,
been suicidal. Narrow restrictions and disastroe,
monopolies, and all the scandalous arts to wi11...
men who are fettered in the performance of their
daily duties have recourse, have marked the p.riol
during which the famous " General Wine Coin-
pany for the Agriculture of the Wines of the
Douro " has governed at Oporto. The wile,
grower of the Alto-Douro is beset with restriction,
at every turn. He is not allowed to export as 1,,
pleases. The production of the Alto-Douro wine
district is limited to one artificial quality for cis
portation to England ; hence an artificial scorny
and an enhanced price. There is an absurd eystcin
in force which declares that either the upper or the
lower part of the wine in one and the isane,
vat shall be shipped to England under heavy
imposts, while the other part cau be shipped free of
export duties to the American and other market..
On all aides, in short, is the Oporto merchant per.
plexed with restrictions. Tasting committees, mo-
nopolising companies, a blind interference between
grower and consumer—here are the condition,
under which farmers cultivate the grape along the
valley of the Douro. The Oporto wine trade is,
therefore, undeveloped. The merchant who want,
a little freedom must buy it. " Permits for the
removal of wines from the Douro to the exportieg
lodges are publicly sold like railway scrip." This is
the assertion of Baron de Forrester, who is a large
wine grower, and who has devoted sixteen yearn t.)
the incessant advocacy of free trade in Portuguese
wines. " Fifteen years ago," he tells us, "I
was the only British merchant who inva-
riably made his own wines iu the port-wine
country; now, my example has been pretty
generally followed, and every merchant, by
the system of permits above referred to, may till
his stores with wines of any or every quality as he
may think fit, providing it suit his purpose to pay
the enhanced price of about 31. per pipe." Here
are a few of the trammels which have restricted
the productiveness of the Alto-Douro, and which
have tended to make a sound, unadulterated port
wine a scarce article in this country. Rich clubs
are buying up choice vintages at fabulous prices;
and hotel-keepers blandly inform their customers
that they have not a tingle bottle of port they can
recommend under eighteen shillings.
The Douro produces wines of various degrees of
excellence that would, under a system of free
trade, be cheap and popular in this country. Free
trade would bring unadulterated port wine to Eng-
land at a moderate cost. If Oporto merchants awl
Douro farmers were unshackled, port at a guinea
a bottle would disappear from tavern cellars and
club tables. Again and again has this reform
been urged both iu Portugal and in EngliueL
But there were old-established interests at Oporto
that were not to be put down in a day.
The sale of permits was a lucrative business.
The cause of Portuguese free trade, in short, looked
hopeless until the British Chancellor of the Exche-
quer gave out the provisions of his budget for this
present year. The eyes of Portuguese ministers
were opened England would become a claret
drinking country ; then where would the
port wine trade be 1 The late Portu-
guese Minister of Finance was compelled to
meet the difficulty boldly. The monopolists,
and tasters of Oporto must be attacked from the
front ; and England must be put at least on a level
with the United States. That which, in the
interest of both England and Portugal, had
long been demanded in vain is to be extorted
from the fears of Portuguese ministers who
have studied Mr. Gladstone's budget. The British
consumer must be permitted to import the Name
kind of wines as have been hitherto reserved for
exportation to the Americas. The Royal Wine
Company must cease to dictate as to what wines
the merchant shall purchase, consume, or export.
The late Portuguese Minister of Finance ad-
dressed himself boldly to his task. On the 29th of
last May he introduced a bill to the Cortes, in
which he proposed thatthe restrictive system which
has for an entire century embarrassed the port
wine trade shall immediately terminate, and the
bar of the Douro be free fur the exportation of all
kinds of wine produced in the valley of that river.
The minister, in his speech, referred directly to our
reduction of import duties on wines. He said :
Now that England, by her considerable diminution in
import duties on wines, opens a field to our commerce. as
she does to that of France and Spain and other wine-grow-
ing countries, the abolition of the restrictive laws, with re-
ference to the Douro, end the free exportation of every kind
of wino by the bar of Oporto, becomes a measure absolutely
necessary for the prosperity of our agricultural and com-
mercial interests. The legislation which governs the Alto.
Douro restricting the exportation almost to one sohtary
osality of wine (and this for the most part artificial,
pensive, and but little adapted to the taste of the age), if
it were not revoked would deprive Portugal of the &dean•
tages which she possesses in her soil and her climate. Eng.
land is about to be inundated with wines of every quality.
and from every part of the world. Many classes of her
subjects who have hitherto been deprived of the daily use
of wine on account of its great cost will now drink wine
freely.
Unfortunately the minister who introduced this
free-trade measure in the above emphatic words is
no longer in office ; but there is reason to believe
that M. Avila, the new minister, will take up the
good work of his predecessor, and give it all the in-
fluence of his cabinet. By this bill new varieties
of Portuguese wines will be thrown into the
English market. The wines of the provinces of Tres
os Mentes, Beira, and Minho, which hitherto
Oporto merchants have not been permitted to ex-
port, may be delivered in London at prices that
will enable them to compete with the cheap vint-
ages of France. The prosperity of Portugal de-
pends upon her wine trade. She is emphatically a
wine-growing country ; and England is her most
important customer. "We must be prepared,"
said her late Finance Minister, "to compete with
the wines of every quality and of every country, in
the principal market which is now open to us,
under the salutary principle of free trade "—and
with this preamble the ex-Minister laid the follow-
ing resolution before the Cortes :
That the vine-culture of and commerce in the wines a
the Alto-Douro be henceforward free, as are the rominienc
and vine-culture of all the other wines of

We learn from Oporto that much opiastiti..n is
expected to the adoption of thin weeping nteastuv ;
but if the enlightened free trade party in Portugal
back ministers when M. Avila re-introduces the
bill of his predecease► in office, the time is not far
diataut when the Douro will yield England clu-q.
and unadulterated port wino, and when the Portu-
guese wino trade will be quintupled.

During the put week it WM extensively an-
nounced, both by advertisement and placard, that the re.
nowned French exile, Victor Hugo, " poet, orator, and hi..
torian," would deliver a lecture in Belfast on Garitolti.
the proceeds to be banded over to the treasurer .t the
local fund in aid of the exertions of the illustn.u.
Italian chief. The celebrity of the author of No•
poleon the Little," and the object of the lecture wen, IP•
small attractious, and had Victor Hugo oak hie
pearanee, he would have been welcomed by one of th.•
largest and most enthusiastic audiences over met to,,,Ttlp.r
in Belfast. As it is, the public of Belfast —as it *jeers
front the Northern Whig of yesterday—have been mite the
victims of a ridiculous hoax.