The Express.
London, England, 1859-04-30 00:00:00

ITALY.

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SARDINIA.

(71401 t 0171 owl

TURIN, AP/IL 26.
Whatever sufferings the war now about to open
may entail upon other towns and provinces of Italy,
there is no doubt but the city of Turin is as yet
greatly the gainer by it. One half of Italy is here; by
which hyperbolical expression I mean to say that
mere Italian fugitives, chiefly Lombardo, have found
a shelter in this placei than even at the time of the
die esteei of 1848, after the battle of Custoza. Most
of them are noble and wealthy Milanese, unwilling
to find themselves at the mercy of the Austrians
during the impending struggle, and especially of
their retreating armies in the event of a defeat.
Carriage loads were to be met even at Genoa, and
on the whole line of railway between that town and
Turin. This latter place, however, is the head-
quarters of the emigrants; they crowd the hotels,
and numbers of them are to be seen under the
colonnades and at the cafe doors, feeding on telegrams
from morning till night. How they contrived to
get passports at Milan, or otherwise to escape the
clutches of the Austrian police, is a marvel to their
friends and almost to themselves. Perhaps their
masters considered that houses and chattels, at any
rate, remained behind, and that they might dis-
pense with persons so long as they had it in their
power, in case of need, to lay hands on property.
Together with the Lombards we have here also
swarms of nedmontese from the exposed and de-
liberately abandoned provinces of Novara, Mortars,
and Vigevano, who, since the Sardinian government
have determined that the Austrians are to be allowed
a free entrance into those provinces, if they feel in-
clined to venture across the borders, think that they
are not called upon to stay at home, to do the
honours to the invader.
Whether the invader is likely to take advantage
of the ope.n. ingress, and pay Novara and its dis-
tricts a vent, or whether the Austrian attack is
rather to be directed elsewhere, or whether there is
to be an Austrian attack at all, is more than my pre-
sent information enables me to say. The real fact
is, we t positive new. of any kind. I left
Genoa yesterday, at ten o'clock, and upon reaching
Turin was very strongly assured that the French bad
landed there, or at least that their war steamers had
been seen in the offing on the previous day. Now as
this positive assurance was in sheer cont adiction with
the evidence of my own senses, I have been obliged
to receive cum grace soli* the equally positive news
freely circulating here yesterday, that the French
bad arrived at Chambery and St. Jean de Maurienne
gm& that they would be at Soma and Turin in the
morning. I parted yesterday evening very late with
several most potent, grave, and reverend signore, who
had appointed a meeting for this day, at twelve, in
order to be at the station to receive with due
honours the French vanguard, which was most as-
suredly to arrive at that precise time. The news is,
however, this morning, that no Frenchman has as
yet =seed the Mont Cenie, and none can by any
possibility reach Turin till late in the evening.
I give you all these details, because they are of
great importance in themselves, although the tele-
graph will, long ere this reaches England, have in-
&rased you with the precise day, and time of day, of
the arrival of these long-expected troops. The fact is,
there has been something wrong in the diplomatic
clocks throughout Europe. The intention of Austria
to break off negotiation through the means of
friendly. powers, and to send a direct and peremp-
tory intimation to Sardinia to disarm and dismiss
the volunteers, under the penalty of her hot displea-
sure, was communicated to the various cabinets of
Europe at the very moment it was conceived ; bet
it was carried into execution two or three days
later; so that whilst u early as on Good Friday we
received in Genoa the Paris telegram, giving it as a
fact that the Austrian herald—mentioning even the
person—an aids-de-camp of General Gyulai, bad
reached Turin with the ultimatum on the previous
day (Thursday), the fact was, that the real herald,
Baron Kellereperg, only reached Turin on Saturday
evening at 26 minutes put 5. The consequence of
this delay was that the French Emperor, who be-
lieved that the Austrian intimation had been delivered
on the 21st, had made all his arrangements
in order that his troops should enter Pied.
mont by land and sea on the 24th. But the Em-
peror having since leisure to rectify his error, end
being requested to allow the mediating powers to
use their influence with Austria, ere her intimation
was actually and irrevocably sent, gave orders for a
delay in the entrance of the troops into the Sardinian
territories, without, however, by any means counter-
manding the condensation of the French forces at
the frontier. The consequence is that, as the Aus-
trian envoy Kellersperg will to-day, punctually. at
26 minutes past five o'clock in the afternoon, receive
from Count Cavour the answer to his ultimatum,
and as this answer will, by all parties concerned, be
taken as a formal declaration of war, the Austria=
will, from that moment, be allowed to cross the
Ticino, if they have a fancy, and the French will
consider themselves in duty bound to march forward
with their best speed to the rescue of their Sardinian
allies.
It is extremely likely, therefore, that the French
will either not have crossed the Savoy frontier y ea-
terday, notwithstanding the most positive and even
official assertions to the contrary, or that, if indeed a
few of them came over yesterday, it was all " a mis-
take;" and their real march must be dated from to-
night or to-morrow. The same may be said about
their landing at Genoa. I know most positively that
French troops are steaming from Algiers towards
Genoa—l am not sure that the vessels may not be
visible off that harbour at this present moment; but
I can confidently affirm that no French troops have
landed hitherto, and none will land till late at night
or in the morning.
The excitement here, as may well be imagined, is
immense. The trust in the King, the government,
and the army is boundless; and I certainly never
saw the Italians so confident of success, so unani-
mous in their wishes and hopes, so ready for sacri-
fice and self-deniaL I saw this morning at six a
very fine cavalry regiment filing before my hotel
i
windows in the Va di Po. They were marching to
Chivasso, to protect the line of the Dore, where the
Piedmontese, as I told you, intend to make a stand.
The volunteers of Garibaldi came to the Turin
station from their depot yesterday and proceeded to
the same destination. They will take their stand at
at Verrua, in the very van of the Sardinian forces on
this side, on a bold bluff, or promontory, on the Po,
foremost on the line of Montferrat hills, a spot famous
for warlike exploits in Piedmontese annals. Happen
what may, the Piedmontese are sure to defend sing le-
banded their whole line of railway from Sum to
Genes, even before the arrival of the French. That
the Austrians will put the steadiness of the Sar-
dinian troops to the teat by attacking them on
several points, marching over the borders this very
night, is what most people here seem confidently to
anticipate. It seems, however, that the Austrian
troops have been harassed by forced marches and
by great hardships, so hard, indeed, if we are to
believe the correspondents of the Opinions, the best
informed, that not a few of the new arrivals drop
down dead from fatigue, and the civil hospitals, no
less than their vast military infirmaries, are crowded
with their sick.
It seems, also, that great irresolution, and even'.
discord, Tel= in the camps of Austria. It seems
that the intimation to Piedmont was the result of
the young Austrian Emperor's own strong will, and
that all his ministers and even his generals are eo
dissatisfied with the turn matters are taking, that
even Field Marshal Hess, the only good veteran
Austria can boast, has tendered his resignation. If
this is not the real state of things on the other side
of the Ticino, it is at least what people here very
generally believe it to be.

LrrrEas POl JERITSALE.I4.—The following notice
Imbues Wood from the Gneral Post-ofßos:—An Al:atrium
post-odloe having bum eetablubed at imamkm, letters
addressed t that pleas may is thbara be forwarded vii Bel-
gium, either uapald or paid, to their destination, at the optics
atlas menden. The poetase upon letters for Jerusalem thus
forwarded will be—le. 4d. when not exceeding half•an•ouste
in weight, 2e. M. whin above half an-ounce and sot 'smel-
ts' one oases; and so en, secordiag to the male for eharrieg
Wand letters. Letters tot Jmaalem will be lent Mg Bel-
gilts, sakes specter, erldreseed to be otherwise forwarded.