The Express.
London, England, 1859-09-26 00:00:00

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inIIDON. MONIMY, SEPT. 26.

It would he • plait ssreiee if some of the Imp•.
tint writers who ill the *slum= of the French
official press with sasses and threats against the
populations of Central Italy would accurately ex-
plain what the "idea" was on behalf of which their
muter made war. Avowedly, we know, it ores
that of Italian indepeodenoe. According to the
celebrated Imperial manifesto, Italy was to be free
" from ths Alps to the Adriatic." It is a grand ides,
well wowthy of being estartaised by an Imperial
mind. Ilst,unh•ppily, the Extritioa's attachment to
the cause of Italian iadepaislimes is too excluaire ly oot.
fined to " the idea." Heelkriaka from its realiaatioe.
He admire* Italian Indepeedenee as an idea, but
abhors it as • fact. Perhaps this purely abstract
and Platonic love is, after all, net 'every illszPlienblll
or surprising. Aa an idea Italian indepsmdasce is
very useful to Lot tv NAPOI.IOIII. It is • fruitful
swam both of fame and glory. It gives %math and
adoration to hie foreign policy. It wins far him, as its
representative, golden opinions from all sorts of men.
It herniates a convenient pretext for constant inter-
ference Is Italian strain, and, if need be, for • mili-
tary demonstration that at once answers the

portant ends of distracting the: attention of Franco,
employing a troubbreome army, and augmenting the
Eurnaoa's power both at home sod abroad. But
the idea one* realised I. no longer of any further
use. If Italian independence insecurely established
Lints NiPOLION.6 influence and occupation in the
Peninsula are pat.

If Italian independence was the JAM that inspired
the war—French inflect:tee iodine the chief if not the
only consideration that dictated the peace, and has
presided over the ambiguous policy the Eif Puma
has ever since pursued. His aim was, ands, while
retaining his original character of the friend and
liberator of Italy, to prevent the formation of a
powerful kingdom that would be in itself a guarantee
of Italian independence. Relying on the past history
of the Duchies, be fancied this might be easily
accomplished, and lightly gave his word at Villa-
franca that their wishes should not be opposed
by force. He had little doubt at the time that
a victorious Emperor could easily carry out his views
in three small States by a little moral premiere. The
prompt, united, and dignified action of the Duchies
disappointed these expectations, and has hitherto
completely baffled the Exreaoa's designs. Those
States must not, however, suppose their difficulties
we at as end, or that the French ESIPIIOIII will
easily resign the welcome prospect of retain-
ing the chief management of their drab's be
his own hands. They may rely upon it that all
except actual farce will be tried to prevent their
union with Piedmont. The tone of the Paris official
press during the last week is significant evidence of
this. It shows bat too plainly the policy which the
Eureiton is attempting to pursue. The Zurich
Conference has confessedly failed in its tedious at-
tempt to carry out the contradictory provisions of
the Villafraoca compact. It did slat venture to
deal with the question of the Duchies at all,
and only indirectly settled the one point which
might be supposed by this time to be beyond
the possibility of dispute—the transfer of Lombardy
to Sardinia. The failure of the Conference, so far as
the Imperial schemes it was designed to further are
concerned, is attributed to the firmness of Sardinia,
supported by the united action of the Central
Italian States. The ease of the Emeettoes is thus
every day becoming more desperate, and daring the
next few weeks every kind of pressure will be ex-
erted both on the Dubin and on Sardinia te arrest,
if poesible, the anion they have mutually decreed, and
which is on the eve of being consummated. These
efforts will inevitably fail if the Duchies are only
true to therovelree. If they are vigilant and united,
patient yet firm, no weapon that is formed against
them can prosper. But their constancy will beseverely
tested, not, indeed, by open assault, which might be
easily met, but by crafty insinuations, hints, and
suggestions, by interested appeals to their pride and
vanity, by indirect attempts to revive ancient rivalries
and dissensions, which may be mere difficult to It-
sist. The writer in the Constitutionnel gives us
an instructive and not unamasing specimen of the
kind of language the imperial agents are holding in
order to talk the Duchies out of their all but realised
independence. He describes their proposed junction
with Sardinia as " the pursuit of an impossible
" unity,* and the unanimous vote which led to it as
" the perishable result of ea ephemeral enthuiisam.'
Investing the capitals of these States with an
abstract personality, he represents them as
opposed to the expressed and unanimous will
of their inhabitants. " Florence, I'arma, and
" Modena," he says, " will submit with difficulty, is
" spite of what is said to the contrary, to be no.
" thing more than the chief towns of a kingdom
"of which Turin would be the capital." They
would, sod have pm (erred this to becoming the chief
towns of a kingdom of which either Vienna or Paris
would be the capital. Talk of this sort is, after
not very alarming. It is too barefaced a mixture of
insult and flattery, of esjolery and menace, to be
mistaken for prudent advice. The reason-

ing is not strong enough to impress the
thoughtful, nor the appeals sufficiently at-
tractive to hire the unwary. lltit it ia use-
ful as Aiming the animus of the oßcial writers,
arid valuable as • warning to the Duchies, not to
rely for a moment on any assurancer, direct or iodi-
feet, of imperial sympathy or imperial help, but to de-
pend fur their independent» wholly on themselves. We
behave it 4 at this moment is their power to wears
it by firmly maintaining the diguled sod resolute
attitude they Lave mounted.

Waite lieperial agents are endeavouring to ow
the seeds of doubt and dimension in the Duchies