The Express.
London, England, 1860-04-23 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, APRIL 23, 1860..

" limited French trade would not be worth manu-
" facturing for."
Delay and restriction, the two old foes to trade,
are here shown to result from the forming a duty,
quite irrespective of its amount. This is a most im-
portant consideration, and one which we would urge
on the attention of the Board of Trade, with which
the elaboration of the Supplementary Convention
rests. We take it for granted that both the Go-
vernments desire to facilitate trade. Throwing
altogether aside the suggestion that the somewhat
altered political relations between them will
render the Emperor NAPOLEON leas anxious to
promote commerce, we assume that he must really
desire that the change in the Customs tariff
of France may lead to a considerable augmen-
tation of revenue. Here, then, is a strong argument
against specific Customs duties on manufactures
fitted to Mr. COBDEN'S hands. Specific duties
will cause delay, will make it impossible for the
importer to follow the rapid changes of the
market, and necessarily making the buyer uncertain
as to the duty payable on many articles, will
narrow the field of selection. In both ways the
number of articles imported into France will be
limited, and the Customs revenue of the Empire
will accordingly suffer.
When this matter has been disposed of, and the
limits within which specific duties should supersede
' duties varying with value have been defined,
the more substantive question will arise.
In nicely adjusting the rates of duty
to a great variety of articles, so much de-
pends on personal qualities, on knowledge of
the course of trade, of the aptitude of producers,
the wants of consumers, and of the extent to
which duties will limit transactions, that we can
but express the hope that, in the selection which
Mr. Mitsea GissoN is required to make, the
country will have advantages not inferior to those
which the sagacity of the &Irmoa is likely to
secure for France. It is most important that Mr.
COBDEN, a man unsurpassed in judgment when
dealing with principles, may have at his side, and
commissioned to speak with equal authority, men
abounding in that knowledge of details which will
ensure their wise application. It might be worth
the while of the Government to give the mercan-
tile and manufacturing community the satisfaction
of knowing to whose hands besides those of Mr.
COBDEN this important duty is committed, for the
work now to be done is to be done for many
years.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.
AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY.
VIENNA, Kommr MORNING.
Baron Bruck is out of office.
His successor is not yet appointed.

The Wiener Zeitung contains the following im-
perial autograph letter :

Dow Cousin Archduke Albrecht,—ln accordance with
your request (Biter), my well-beloved, I think fit provi-
sionally (rorldullg) to remove you from the poste, which you
have filled with extreme devotion and approved circumsper,
tiro, of Governor. General and Commanding-General in my
kingdom of Hungary, and also from the command of the
third army. I express to you my b-rateful acknowledgment
of your services, and for the present and provisionally I in.
trust to the Feldreugmeister Louis Chevalier von Benedek,
my Quartermaster-General and the Chief of the General

Staff, the direction of the political administration of Hun.
pry and of the troops stationed in that kingdom.
Vines, April 19. FRANCIS JOSRPH.

Dear Feldreugmeister Chevalier von Benedek,—Having,
at his request, provisionally removed his Imperial Highness
gm Archduke Albrecht, General of Cavalry, from his posts
of Governor. General and Commanding-General in my king-
dom of Hungary, =dale) from the command of the third
army, f intrust to you for the present (bill air Welters')
the direction of the political administration of Hungary and
of the troops stationed in that kingdom (des Landes-General-
Continuo/0), and I And good to ordain that the now exist-
ing Stadtholderate divisions shall form but one Btadthol-
aerate, which shall have its seat in Buda, and be imme-
diately subject to you (Ibsen ummittelbar waterstehea).
For the time being superior political employte, with the
necessary assistants, are to be left in Cuban, Freeburg,
Gedenburg, and Grosswardein, in order that they, without
forming an intermediate AMA= (court), may assist in di-
recting and watching over (gberecathen) the working of the
new orpnisathat, sad more particularly that part of it
which relates to the administration of the counties (CUB&
nos. Vo.e•reth oo ape) mort•l it•
As soon :.11 the new organisation of the Stadtbolderate

has been completed, "County Administrations" for the ma-
nagement of political matters will be established on the
principle of the former County Assemblies (Comitats•Con•
pregationen), and committees, but with combinations
(Zama mcnaetzungen), and spheres of action, which are in
accordance with the present state of things.
Is accordance with these dispositions, I ordain that
when the municipal laws and county administrations are in
activity, ► proposition (rtntraeye) respecting a Diet shall be
prepared (rorlereitA), in order that the principle of self-
government, by means of town, district, or county com-
munes (9eiseiriders) and of diets and committees of the
name (Landtags-AusecAusee)—which principle is tobe intro-
duced into all the provinces of the empire—may also be in
force in my kingdom of Hungary.
The nearer instructions in respect to the carrying out of
the ►bove-mentioned measures will be given you by the
ministers to whose departments such matters belong.
Vienna, April 19. FRANCIS Joarrn.

FRANCE AND SWITZERLAND.
FRENCH DESPATCH.
The French papers copy from the Gazette de Lau-
SWIM the following very curious despatch from M.
Thouvenel to the French Charge d'Affaires at
Berne :

PaAs, March 13, 1860.

The Federal Council, being unable to shut their eyes to
the importance and unanimity of the manifestations in
Savoy against the eventuality of a dismemberment, has
charged M. Kern to ask me whether the Emperor's govern-
ment persists in the views which I have already made known
to you. In the course of our conversation the Swiss
Minister gave me to understand that if the Helvetic Con-
federation did not obtain Chablais or Faucigny it would
have no other resource than to protest against any modifica-
tion of the stare gun, and submit to the powers which
signed the treaties of Vienna a grave question, which would
be very embarrassing to his Imperial Majesty's government.
The following is the substance of my reply to M. Kern :
" The manifestations which excite your anxiety," said I
to him, " do in reality present a character which makes it
impossible to doubt their genuineness and force ; they are
reproduced daily in different pasts of the country ; the
elective councils have resolved to become the organs of
their expression. Several members of a deputation from
the councils-general of Chanibery and Annecy ha,e already
arrived in Paris to express at owe their wishes and their
apprehensions lest any premature resolution should be
taken. You will readily understand that the Emperor's
government cannot be indiffereut to this step or to the senti-
ments which it reveals. The Emperor has shown you, by the
language which I have been authorised to use, how friendly
are his dispositions towanle Switzerland. But, while the first
thought of the sovereign of France, so soon as the question
of the annexation of Savoy presented itself to his mind,
attested his solicitude for your country, the Fosleral Council
left no means untried to excite distrust of us, and all its
efforts were directed to the object of forming a league be-
tween the powers which seemed disposed to lend themselves
to the project. This manifestly results from the official
correspondence communicated by the English government
to parliament. I confine myself to mentioning the fact.
I must frankly confess to you, that if these tactics which
were carefully concealed from us had been known sooner, I
should have felt it my duty respectfully to represent to the
Emperor that we ought t- abstain from any negotiations
with the Federal Council. I do not, however, regret any
of my former expressions ; they allow the loyalty of our
intentions, and I will even now go so far as to say, that our
desire still is to settle the affair iu accord with yon, and in
taking your interests into account. I should think it, how-
ever, superfluous to tell you that we did not raise •question
of a territorial change implying, in some sort a rectification
of our frontiers, simply with the view of being agreeable to
Switzerland, and that in demanding the cession of Savoy it is
impossible that our sole object could have been
the annexation of Chablais and Faucigny to the confedera-
tion. Our wish from the beginning was to reconcile all in-
terests, and we are still ready to enter into your views ; but
if it shall be shown tons that we cannot obtain Savoy with the
consent and according to the desire of the population, with-
out declining to accede to a dismemberment of the country
to be effected for ymr benefit, we most submit to the
condition, and the Federal Council itself must admit that
we could not do otherwise. We are moat scrupulously en-
deavouring to obtain information, and to ascertain as ex-
actly as possible the real feelings of the inhabitants upon
this point ; but what cannot reasonably be asked of us is
that a cession of territory which we judge indispensable for
the safety of our frontiers should be made to depecd upon
the cession solicited by the Federal government, and that
we should resign ourselves to success or failure with the
Federal government by placing the 'emulations under the
obligation to pronounce against their union with France
unless they will consent to make over a portion of Savoy to
Switzerland. Such a solution would initietaiii
state of things which suits the confederation, but which
would not suit France, because she would not only lose
Chablais and Faucigny, but also the other districts which
have become necessary for our defence. There is, therefore,
as you see, a great difference between the positions of the
two governments--a difference which we are obliged to take
into account. The agitation which his been occasioned by
the prospect of the partition of Savoy would not, moreover,
have been so intense as it is, if while we left it to the popu-
lations to consider with perfect freedom what were their
true interests in this question, Swiss emissaries had not
sounded the alarm and joined to their propagandism in-
trigues which have had the effect of wounding the national
sentiment. You reap what you have sown. The I
vice of your attitude is that it has led to
the supposition that you are working for an
increase of territory. Did you not yourself put me in a
position when you proposed to me, so to speak (pour ainsi
dm), a secret treaty of partition, to tell you that we had
no right to dispose of a possession which still belonged to
Sardinia This premature ardour, on your part, is pro-
clueing its neutral consequences in Savoy, and for this j
Switzerland cannot pretend that France is responsible. It
is not for me to suggest the conduct which the Federal
Council should mime under these circumstances. It
seems to me, however, that it his but one of two courses
to follow. If it does not fear to be reminded that a par-
ticular comb:nation was in its mind, it may protest against ;
any alteration of the *Or quo ; the powers will appreciate
its step in the answers that will be made to the '
explanation which we propose to give upon the
whole question ; but I do not think, for my part,
that the ululation of Savoy to France can he regarded
as • new danger for the neutrality of the Helvetic Coo•
federation, which, however strongly guaranteed as it will

be on all occasions by the energy and courage of.the
Is more effectually protested still by the respectlif /grope,
and it is not on the side d Lake Leman that he erontiers
would be more readily aisosible if a moral barrier did not
coratitute their grabbed force. The protest of the Feder►l
Council weeldgmeolon in no way change the eabetance of
the question. It would, however, lead to a certain coolness
between us, which, on account of reciprocal interest., had
better be avoided. The other course open to Switzerland
is to to rely upon our good feeling, which it has had
opportunities of appreciating under other circumstances ;

and it cannot doubt that, subject to the single condition of
not entirely frustrating a result imposed upon us by impe-
rative exigencies, we shall seek all possible combinations
and modifications to show our desire to satisfy
Switzerland, to consolidate her neutrality, which is
a safeguard for ourselves as well as for her, and to
take her interests into consideration as fully as the essential
interests of France will permit." Such is the language
which I used to M. Kern. I do not doubt that he will
render an exact account of it to his government. I never-
theless authorise you to read this despatch to the president
of the Federal Council. Receive, &c., THOUVILVEL.
Our Paris correspondent writes :—" The taunt-
ing, arrogant, bullying tone of this despatch will
be very much remarked. The journals here are
instructed to say that it has been published against
the wish of the French government. It will now
be very desirable to see Dr. Kern's version of the
conversation in question."

THE VOTE IN SAVOY.
The Moniteur of this morning contains the fol-
lowing :

CHAMBERY, SUNDAY Evaniso.
The town is decorated with flap, and the enthu-
siasm is general.

The clergy and the magistrates go in solemn
procession to vote.
The French troops have quitted the town, the
various poste of which have been confided to the
militia.

The same manifestations have taken place at
Annecy.

In the country the bells of the churches are ring-
ing joyously.
The clergy have blessed the French flags.

SWITZERLAND AND SAVOY.
VIENNA, Ann 22.
The exchange of views which since the last two
weeks has taken place between France and the other
powers who signed the final act of Vienna, concern-
ing the arrangement of the question of the neu-
tralised districts of Faucigny and Chablaia, has
already had the result of bringing the majority of
the said powers to agree to the following com-
bination :

They are to come to an understanding, in the
ordinary diplomatic course, as to the elaboration of
a protocol, destined to reserve the guarantees
claimed in favour of Switzerland.

After which the representatives of these powers ac-
credited at the Court of the Tuileries are to receive
the authorisation to sign this protocol, acconling to
which France would make ulterior arrangements
directly with Switzerland.
The Conference would therefore hold one sitting
only, in which the bases of the direct arrangement
between France and Switzerland would solely be
sanctioned by Europe.

GENEVA, Aran. 21.
The Governor of Faucigny has issued a circular,
the language of which is exceedingly violent against the
Swiss, who have recommended the inhabitants to abstain
from voting.
The governor says :—" The electors must be on their
guard against the intrigues of men who, being unable to
succeed in their criminal attempt, wish them to take part in
their downfall."

The authorities have hoisted the French flag everywhere.
Great efforte are being made to influence the vote.

THE INSURRECTION IN SICILY.

MARSEILLES, Amur. 21.
Letters from Naples to the 17th Mat. state that
the arnica hands in Sicily had been dispersed, and that the
remnants were being punned. It is asserted that thirteen
insurgent. taken in the Franciscan convent at Palermo had
been shot, and several monks condemned to death.
The report of a popular movement in Calabria had been
denied.

A grand military review had taken place at Naples, after
which banquets were given to the geoenis and officers.
The troops cheered the King enthusiastically, who after-
wards traversed the streets of the capital at their head.

THE PAPAL STATES.
ROME (vtA MARAICILLEB), Aran. 17.
The new Four-and-a-Half per Cent. Roman
Loan for 50,000,000 f. has been contracted for in Belgium,
at 90.

The official Giorwde di ROlll4 announces the appointment
of a commission for receiving voluntary contributions, to
be applied for the defence of the country. This commis-
sion consists of Cardinals Villecourt, Wiseman, and
Rama, under the presidency of the Minister of Finance.
General LamoriciZre, after having rapidly taken the
necessary measures for the organisation of the Papal forces,
will set out on the 19th inst. for the provinces Orders
have been given for the reorganisation of the cavalry.
The current report that Prince Gabrielli and f•ignor
Ruspoli have been exiled is unfounded.

Itts asserted that the correspondents of the Nord and
of the Jouraai dca Daats have been expelled from the
Papal Stake.

AUSTRIA.
VIENNA, Arm. 22.
The official Wiener Zeifung announces that the
subscriptions to the new loan already exceed 76,000,000
florins. The advances which had been made by the Na-
tional Bank on account of this loan have been reduced to
99,000,000 florins, the government having given over to the
bank the preference bonds for the redemption of landed
property, formerly belonging to the sinking fund, which
has been broken up. For this remaining amount of
99,000,000 florins the bank receives ample guarantee by the
receipt of bonds of the new loan amounting to 120,000,000
florins, which will be transferred to the National Bank, and
which, after the Ist of November, 1861, will be readily and
advantageously negotiable, because, aooording to the nature
of the subscription, the bonds of the new loan are held by
the general public, and not by mere speculators, and will
won therefore be above par. The position of the National
Bank is therefore to be considered as firmly established,
and its cash payments will shortly be renewed, should the
general state of affairs assist the financial administration
&ad tho Lank.

SPAIN.
BARCELONA, Arm 21.
The Count do Moutemolin, his brother Ferdi-
-1141114 and a valet tlecluxmla,e, ware rearrested to-day, at 2.30
a.n., at Amposta, Dear Tortes&

UNITED STATES.
LIVERPOOL, SVNDAT Eviornea.
_

The Royal Mail steamer Arabia, Captain Stone,
which left New York on the 11th inst., has arrived. She
brings 50,000 dole. in specie.
The majority of the committee on the President's recent
message, protesting against the action of the house in order-
ing an investigation into the conduct of the administration,
had made a report dissenting from the President's views,
and asserting the right of the house to make the contem-
plated investigation.

The minneiiy of the committee had also made a report
imstaining the President's position.
Qu ERNSTOWN, SUNDAY.
The Royal Mail steamship Canada arrived hem at 12.30
p.m., embarked mails and passengers, and sailed for
Halifax and Boston at 6.30 p.m. All welL
SOUTHAMPTON, MONDAY.
The Vanderbilt steam ship Illinois, Captain
Griffon, which left New York on the 7th instant, has ar-
rived.

She firing* 50 panneogere, 100,000 dole. in specie for Eng-
land, and 200,390 doll. for Fiume.

The Minna; experienced heavy easterly galas throughout
UN wows.
Her sewn ham been anticipated.

EXPRESS FROM PARIS.

(foil or• 1 OWN OORRISPONDENT.)
PARIS, SUNDAY EVENING.
_

There is a charming little article in the Pays,
Journal de ['Empire, written for the purpose of
showing that politicians must not allow themselves
to be hampered by principles. M. Baroche, as
you will remember, laid it down the other day in
the Corps Legislatif that they are not to be bound
by " words politically spoken." Thus the most
authorised advocates of imperialism shake off the
fetters of principles and promises, and go on their
way rejoicing. The Pays thus illustrates the con-
venient doctrine :

The great art of the statesman is to put forward different
principles and to reconcile those which contain contradictory
elements. For instance, if at the end of Henry lll.'s
reign the catholic principle had exclusively prevailed, the
Bourbons would have been excluded from the throne, which
would have been mounted by the Guises in despite of the
principle of hereditary succession. On the other hand, if no
account had been taken of the hereditary principle, France
would have had in Henry IV. and his 'occasion a pro-
testant dynasty. To get over the difficulty, Henry IV. em-
braced the catholic faith, and thus the two principles were
reconciled!

Madame Ristori played last night at the Fran-
cais in a performance for the benefit of the de-
scendants of Racine. She acted in a scene from
Phldre, translated into Italian, and recited some
French verses composed for the occasion by M.
Legouv6.

PARIS, SATURDAY EVICMG.
On the subject of the political executions in Spain
M. Oranguillot writes in the Constitutionnel as
follows:

The intelligence which reaches us from Spain is afflicting.
We *aminet foal egrpriaint that Gene& having been
duly tried and condemned by court martial, should have
been shot ; but it is impossible for us to maintain silence on
learning that at Bilbos and Valladolid men have been ex-
ecuted without judgment. Substituting their own will for
the law, the captains-general who command the provinces
in which these towns are situated took that extreme
measure without declaring a state of siege, and without
any judicial formalities ; and they thus deprived the
Queen of the most splendid privilege of her crown—
the right of pardon. A government so strong as
that of Queen Isabella, and • country as noble as Slain,
cannot do otherwise than blame acts which would scarcely
be excusable even in the delirium of passions excites' by
civil war. Reprisals are sometimes the fatal consequence
of a conflict, and the rigours of the law may appear • ne-
cessity of social order; but vengeance is always aliens. We
' hope then for the honour of the Spanish nation, and for the
true interest of its government, that such acts as those
which have just occurred will not be reproduced. We hope
that the captainsfeneral have been blamed for an abusive
exercise of authority which compromises the dignity of the
country, and contrasts painfully with the glory which the
army of Morocco has just achieved in • war of civilisation.
The Pays deprecates the severity of the Spanish
authorities in equally strong language. The reason
for this simultaneous campaign by the French
government prints on behalf of clemency, mode-
ration, and legality is that among the Spanish
rebels are two of the Empress's cousins, ono of
whom, it is reported, has already been shot.
According to the general tenor of the latest
Spanish news of this evening, all Ortoga's accom-
plices were to be executed without mercy. This
statement was not, however, in allprobability written
with a view to the Count de Montemoliu and his
brother, who it now appears were arrested at
3 o'clock this morning, at a place called Ulidecona,
and have been conducted in custody to Tortola..
There has been a discussion in the Senate upon
the subject of the innovation upon established prac-
tice which took place the other day when the
government thought fit to send a report of their
debates to the Moniker. The official minute does
not permit the public to guess what were the
opinions of the senators upon the proceeding. All
that is known is, that, upon the suggestion of the
President, the matter is to be further and atten-
tively considered.
At the Bourse the Rents rose 20c., closing both
for cash and account at 70.25. The event of the
day was a sudden and heavy fall in Credit Mobilier,
owing to some rumours of a bad dividend, although
the better opinion is that nothing on the subject is
yet decided. This security, which closed yesterday
at 781.25, fell to 760, and recovered only to 765,
leaving off with a fall of 16.25. The Lyons Railway
ruse 5. In the other French lines there was scarcely
any alteration ; Geneva rose 11.25.
The Procurenr-Imperial yesterday opened a judi-
cial inquiry into the Bourse manoeuvres and the
false news of which the pamphlet "La Coalition"
was the occasion. M. Caniusat-Busaerolles has
been charged with this investigation. It is more to
be wished than hoped that the evidence taken in the
course of this inquiry should be made public.