The Express.
London, England, 1856-07-04 00:00:00

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LONDON, FRIDAY, JULY 4.

THE despatch, dated 18th of May, sent by Austria ,
to her representatives at the various Italian Courts,
has passed without much comment. Yet its language,
at once insolent and insidious, and its arrogant per
tensions, deserve general rebuke. It sesame an
absolute control, by force or by influence, over the
whole Italian peninsula, and sets forth with a
declaration that " Austria cannot concede to Sardinia
the mission of speaking for the rest of Italy." But
who gave Austria the right of denying to an Italian
power the liberty of denouncing the evils of the com-
mon country, specially those which, in the neigh-
bouring Staten threaten the tranquillity and very
existence of that power! What is Austria in
Italy P—a Germanic State which, by treachery and
usurpation, has gained to herself the Milanese
and Venetian provinces • State whom de-
velopment and whom nationality are distinct
from these of Italy, and who drains her
Lombard-Venetian provinces of men and treasure
to absorb them into the Germanic portion of her
empire. Her interests are opposed to those of Italy—
her EMPEROR and her people have a language, a civi-
lisation, manners, customs, and traditions wholly dif
Went ; how, then, can she dare to speak of the
wrongs of Italy, or, hated as their ewes, hypooriti.,l
ally pretend to heal them P By what right does she
interfere in the condition of those States which are
'outside her own provinces? Is it bemuse her En
non calls himself "King of ITALY ? " Italy bolds
26,000,000 of inhabitants—the Lombard-Venetian

provinces have 5,000,000. Dose Austria, thee, by vir-
tue of a vain and empty title, and that too usurped,
claim to represent the remaining twenty millions
divided among independent States ? If she does not
claim to so represent them, how is it that she denies
to Piedmont her national right of free speech on the
affairs of the common country P
She says further is this vote—" There an in that.
penmen different governments, completely lade.
pai■t el each other, and recognised as nee by the
pains law of Europe. Bat this law contain abro-
Indy =thing of that kind of protestorate whioh the
OMNI of Turin claims for them." Repruestation
and massy are not protection. Piedmont Is
Ma sepronstative and the advocate of the Italian
antinatity ; it is Austria herself who hie assumed
Nat fatal " protectorate" which means the &Wres-
tles of the Italian States. It is Austria who urges,
nay comps* them to govern ill, so that she may
campy them with her armies under that cad pretext
of " protection ;" else the maddened people would
Sing off their chins, and gain by a revolt the
liberty of self-government. Since 1818—for a space
of forty years—the will of Austria alone ham been
done in Italy. Her armies have constantly weer
pied this or that part of the peninsula—they
onapy it yet; her " protectorate" is openly an armed
on. in some States ; in others, the rifle and the
ternet are concealed, but they are none the less
there. It is her own usurpation that she defends
when she denier the right of Piedmont to speak in
the same of Italy ; for if an Italian power speak foe
Italy, Austria feels herself resisted, and in her turn
raises the cry of provincial independence. She appeals
to this independence in her note, and asserts her own
raped for it : she knows well how to nopest it
She foments every species of internal disorder, that
she may enter with her armies as " prates-
trees of legal governments ;" she orders the
administrative affairs of each State; imposes what
Wad of grimmest she pleases; thrueM her mailed
lload into the treasury, and pays herself with usury
for her terrible " aid ;" supporting her army and en-
riding her generals at the expense of the hapless
States whose independence she vaunts, while her iron
heel is on their necks, and her vulture is preying on
their hearts. This was the order of things in Pied-
mont itself is 1820: this hash:on the order of things
in Naples and Sicily sines 1828, In }Lamaist since
1830, in Tuscany sine. 1849, in the Pottier:al Le-
gations, and in all the Duchies. And themasequan
has been the frantic and infonaut struggles of the
Italian people against their governments, which have
kept the country in a perpetual political foyer, and
prevented all healthy growth of trade or industry.
Yet in the fees of those facts Count 1300 L has the
hardihood to ssssrt that "the intrigues of the revo-
lutionary party, encouraged by incendiary speeches
in the Pious:etas Parliament, render the continua-
tion of the Austrian military occupation absolately
neensery." The Austria, occupation has been eon-
timorous stenos 1820. It is not, therefore, the revolt-
tinny party, ace COUnt_CAYOI/1,--asither Munn

nor the Piedinontase Parliament—which has exalted
the discontente alleged se its canes, and offered as the
mem for Its oontinasaos. Oa the contrary, it is
Aestria herself who, Anse 1816, has aroused, in-
creased. and now maintains these dierentents
Count Boot., as an Austrian statesman, might to
remember that a secret treaty was entered into by his
muter and the Xing of Num, by which this last
bound himself not to maintain any kind of national
representative isstitation i• hie State. Is com-
pliance with this, the King of the Two Swims
treseheronely destroyed the constitution whit* bad
been established in the eleventh century by the Nor-
mans. sad which bad been uninterruptedly main-
tained and respected by all the various dynutire
which bad reigned there up to 1816. In 1821, Sir
;AMU MACKINTOSI exposed and &emceed this
wont treaty in the How; bat it is still maintained
to the distraction, retrogressing, sad rain of the
country ; by which Austria, not Piedmont, is pro-
fited, Austria continuing hoe armed intervention, to
suttee the people, whose discontents she alone
mates.

Piedmont has mearaitted two crimes it Austrian
eyes. She has shown to the world that as Italian
people ems govern themselves well, ander a wise.
hosed. sad liberal Goverameat—that they can be,
happy at hems, hued sad respected abroad; and she

lmitisaosteemi to all Europe tie evils appends' the
rest of Italy. Gado' for a namely. Aid certainly. if
there be a pablie law is Europe, sad if the potentate.
of the mimes States might limn a mission in caw
forestry with that law, what better application amid
then be thea that of calmly szemining fate the
anon of those nib which has agitated the Was
missals for about forty years? It would bola the
tranquillity el all Europe to tranquillise Italy. Aid
that tea ouly be by internal good goverumeat, the
pogrom of liberal ideas, sad the umeheekid develop.
meat of bra iadsetrial sad eon urinal siansess.
Certainly it an awn Co.. by the armed omapation
of a foreign power—an sampation which Austria
areamse as her right sad amens as her duty.
Is her mete she use these remarkable words:
—ll The $lOlllOlll mod his egged predvemers