The Express.
London, England, 1866-07-23 00:00:00

BENSON, J. W., by SPECIAL APPOINT-
MENT to &&H. the Mice of WALES.

BENSON, J. W., PRIZE MEDAL, LONDON,
Clio 93.

BENSON, PRIZE MFDAL, DUBLIN.
_ elide IJ._ _

BENSONIEWELLE RY for BRIDAL PRE-
aws.

BENSON'S GOLD JEWELLERY for MOURN-
ING.

BENSON'S DIAMOND .10iELLERY.

BENSON, OLD BOND-STREET, and WEST-
nOURN&GROVE.

BENSON'S STEAM FACTORY, Ludgate-hill.

JOHN BROGDEN'S GOLD CHAINS by troy
weight, at realisable value, and the workmanship at
wholesale manufacturers' prices. The gold In the chains gua-
ranteed, sad reparchaaed at the Price charged.
" Here's the note,
Row much your chain weighs to the utmost carat,
The fineness of the gold, and charge for fashion."
szkitesraLma
Manufactory, it, lieuriotta-strect, Covent-garden. W.C., London.

TURTLE, TURTLE, TURTLE.
Clew, Welt, aid Invalid TURTLII SOUPS always reedy.
ST. JAYSSIWIALL. ItEGENT-STILSIT. PLOC.ADILLY.
WM. DONALD. Proprietor.

LONDON must have a SUPPER and MUSIC
ROOM foe OEVTLEVEN.—ltemee•ber, we wait Ow you
at " EVANS'," after the Covent•garden Open and the Theatre&

Ilte enareofs.

HAYNIARILZT.
Tens Warne, A RuMANTIe ATTACAKENT.—DAVID
GARRICK Mews. Sanaa, Bucksione, Clappendale, Boners,
Clark. Co., kr. • "M. ehinpendale. &a —LORD DUNDREARY
MARRIED AND DONE FOR.—And A DAUGIITERTO MARRY.

PRINCESS'S.
THUG IviNuto, THE 111:01;bNor CAPTAIN. Messrs. Vining,
and G. Money Misses Neilson. Augusta Thomson, and Mrs.
Stirling.—And QUIET LODGING&

MITTANWIA.

Eresmin, THE DUSTMAN'S TREASURE: OR, WHO°
AND THE BOFFINA.—Mr. Nfart Floyd; Herr Mae/01111; Jae
Lund ; &Master IL Sanderu—And THE DARK MOBIL

HUM WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE
Turn DAY —Morning, 104 39m Afternoon. Mh.
To-Moitgom—Morning, 114 40m Afternoon, lb. OM

LONDON, MONDAY, JULY 23.

Tae third collapse of the Bank Charter Act
affords ono more proof, if any were needed, of the
futility of attempting to legislate for all times and
for all situations. It is a moot point whether Sir
ROBERT l'elm's currency policy was right, even
for the period he lived in, but there is no doubt
that in any case it is utterly out of place now.
Neither the country law.- commerce has stood still
since 1844. With altered circumstances, a cor-1
responding change must take place in the regula-
tion of the machim-ry by which trade is carried
on. It will be the duty of the Commission to
ascertain what modifications are not merely de-
sirable, but absolutely necessary. Above all
things, let the inquiry be conducted upon a more
extended basis than has been done upon other
occasions. Perhaps the Glasgow deputation may
have gone too far in advising that the Commission
should proceed from town to town to gather evi-
dence. There is, however, a substratum of truth
in their recommendations. It is a patent objection
to the result of the parliamentary committees
that were appointed after the crises of 1847 and
1857, that their reports were based almost exclu-
sively upon one or two kinds of testimony. The
Governor and Deputy-Governor of the Bank of
England were examin:il, some other bankers, the
most eminent of our accountants, and that is
nearly all. Little pains were taken to ascertain
the views of the great body of the trading, as dis-
tinguished from the banking, community. No at-
tempt was ever made to obtain the views of foreign
finanoiers. It is to be hoped that this mistake
will not be repeated. During the past year an
interesting and most important inquiry Has been
instituted by the French Government on the
working of the Bank of France. Much of the
evidence, especially that given by MM. J. and
E. Putman, would throw considerable light upon
the present question. Unless some course
is adopted by which the Commission will
be saved from basing their conclusions
upon the views of a lucre clique of often interested
doctrinaires, it had better not be held at all.
What the nation wants is a full and impartial
inquiry, leaning neither to one side nor the other,
but giving a fair reflex of the general opinion.
Should this, as it ought to be, be done, there is no
difficulty in foreseeing the verdict. The question
may be summed up thus: Are we from a defective
legislation to suffer periodically not only the
severity of a commercial panic, but also the loss
which is every year inflicted from the unnecessary
and violent fluctuations in the rate of discount?
How is this to go on? Are we to have frequent
inquiries leading to no practical result, or is the
question to be settled upon a permanent basis?
The Commissioners have forthe first time the advan-
tage, never exemplified before in an equal degree, of
appreciating the loss of English credit abroad
solely through the working of our monetary system
as it stands. They will have made clear to
them the reasons why in Paris, notwit uitanding
our intimate commercial relations with France,
Englishbills of the highest class have been refused,
and bullion insisted upon in payment of dibta in-
stead. They will thus see that the unprece:lented
accumulation of gold at the Bank of France is
directly due to the distrust occasioned by the bad
monetary legislation of this country.

SINCE smallpox was first described by the Ara-
bian
physicians, it has slain thousands of innoo nit
children ; and it is gratifying to reflect that while
an Englishwoman first taught Europe to mitigate
its severity by inoculation, an English physicia•i
discovered an eCectual remedy for it in vaccine. I
tion. Like every other discovery, vaccination has
encountered much ignorant opposition, and has
sow etimes suffered from the exaggerated preten-
sions of its proselytes. Only a short time ago the
farmers were induced to vaccinate all their cows;
and now, in a Bill before Parliament, it is pro-
posed to register the vaccination of every child in
the kingdom at the public expense.
There is some force in the objections to it.
Instances have been recorded in which the vacci-
nator, by using bad lymph, has induced other
diseases. In a few, very rare, cases owing to
some idiosyncrasy it has proved fatal. And many
deaths by smallpox happen after apparently sue-
cessful vaccination. Again, in unfavourable
hygienic conditions, it does happen that the dimi-
nution of death by smallpox is followed by an
increase of the deaths by scarlatina, measles,
whooping cough, and other maladies. Within
recent years the anrual deaths from smallpox have
declined from 10,000 in 1838-41 to 3,302 in the
seven years 1855-62 ; but precisely in those years
a new disease, diphtheria, has sprung up, and
zymotic diseases have grown more fatal. Allow-
ing for all drawbacks, however, the advan-
tages of vaccination preponderate so largely
that no intelligent parent allows his chil-
dren to grow up unprotected by the important
process which the immortal JINX= disco-
vered. And in the year 1840-1841 Acts were
passed for the gratuitous vaccination of the whole