The Express.
London, England, 1860-05-03 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, THURSDA.

therefore, the action was brought against him,
instead of denying the facts he
the question of the law to the Coast—whether
landlord of a lodging-house inik tle truth
ble for the safety of the paiperty of ta tenants
which might happen I. be fix ldn house: /We is
certainly a most important matter, both for
lodging house people and their tenants. If the
obligations of the former are so extensive, they
should keep them in view in fixing their terms; on
the other hand, if the tenants are responsible, it
ought to render them especially cautious. How-
ever, the question can now no longer be considered
doubtful, if indeed it ever was so ; for Chief Jus-
tice Esti and the other Judges of the Common
Pleas have unanimously held that in such a case
the landlord is not responsible, but that the pro-
, party of a tenant in a lodging-house is at his
own risk.

The history of the legal doctrine on this sub-
ject is somewhat curious. From the time of
Queen ELIZARITH it has been settled law that in
the case of a wayfaring guest lodging at an inn
the innkeeper is bound to see to the security of the
guest's property. And the reason alleged has been
the impossibility of a traveller knowing the sort of
persons who might be at the inn, or, rather, it
was gravely suggested by the old lawyers that inn-
keepers were now of the beet, that they were in
the habit of associating with ruffians and pilferers,
and that therefore the guest required some
special security. But the truth is, this
doctrine as to innkeepers is much older
than our English law. Though it is said
to be part of the old common law, it is, in
fact, derived in terms from the Romans.
Curiously enough, the very reasons which were
given by " Usztair " for this rule--according to
which innkeepers insure the safety of the goods of
their guest—were also given by Sir Wm.'s,'
Joins and Chief Justice EatL There was an
obvious distinction between an innkeeper and a
lodging-home keeper in the days of the Romans, '
and there is still. The one must take all who offer

themselves—the other may select his guests.
Let it not be supposed, however, that in our opi-
nion this distinction necemsrily involves that in-
surance of goods in one case which is denied in
the other. But for centuries the liability of an
innkeeper has been known to be more extensive
than that of a lodging-house keeper ; and without
question, the expenses at an hotel are enlarged in
consequence. Adhering to the old doctrine with
respect to innkeepers, we must admit, however, with
Sir Watts* Faux, that there is no ground for
adding at this time of day to the contract made
between the lodging-house keeper and his tenant
any term whatever. In the contract or agree-'
ment itself no stipulation is found by which the
one party is to insure the safety of the goods of
the other. If each a stipulation exists at all, it
must be by implication—by the law attaching to
the office of a landlord the duty of insurance.

That, however, does not appear to be the case.
There is no authority to be found for the propo-
sition that the landlord of a lodging-house is bound
by law to take care of the goods of his lodger. It
is too late to make any such implication now. The
consequence is that Mr. HOLDNA has not sue-
wooded in making his landlord, Mr. Sotrtaiv,
responsible.

Such, then, appears to be the law. But it
must be carefully observed that nothing 'Shined
by the Court of Common Pleas must be
taken to relieve the landlord from respon-
sibility should it turn out that he has in
any degree facilitated the loss. It is scarcely
necessary to add that in the particular case
of " OLPER v. Souramr " the Court dis-
tinctly declared that the goods had been
stolen by no default of the landlord, although
they were probably stolen by some person who
was admitted by the :landlord to look at the rooms.
It was the duty of the tenant, either to have
put away his things, or to have placed his pro-
perty directly under the charge of the landlord.
In fact, there is certainly much more danger of a
lodger arranging with his companions to steal
from the lodgings under pretence of looking at
them--the lodger then charging the landlord with
the theft—than there is of a landlord entering into
such a conspiracy.

Or Court.
. .
dqeen •oe• . , scam 'ed by
the Alice, • • 1111 • . Fri Mena
an ' • 4 . the New *ety of
s— ery in . -mall,
=la W
y 'Ti • .... In ^:"- - the E. Beatrice
Byes. Lord Charles Fitzroy, sad '..Colonel Ponsonby.
The Prince Consort afterwards sods an horseback attended
by hie Iquerry in Wait*.
Illi Mezhadfir Nellie bid the boom ef submitting to
the tams aid PAYS Oosesei his IslotoTical picture of Lord
sad Najoraesseal Illoolisid planning the last Code
Ossepaign in the amp or Atlobabod.
The Queen, accompaidedlby the Princess Alice and Prince
Alfred, and attended by the Hon. Beatrice Byng, took a
dare in a carriage and four In the afternoon. Lord Alfred
Paget and Lord Charles Fitzroy were in attendance on
horeebeck.
.1:17d.

The Prince Consort rode onhorseback, attended byLient.•
Colonel Ponsonby.
Myr Majesty's dinner party in the evening included the
Dashes of Kent, the Princess Alice and Prince Alfred, the
Duchene of d, the Bavarian Minister sad Baronesa
de Ohio, the Lrl of Carlisle, the FAH and Coaster of
Merton, Lady Human L. Melville, the Bishop of London
and Iln. Tait, the Right Hon. W. and Mrs. Cowper, the
Dean of Windsor, and Major CowelL

were received at the Colonial-oars yesterday
treatriribnOoveraors of Heligoland, Ceylon, sad Hoag Hong.
Deeptebse were seat to the Governor of Cam&

Hai MAFIIIIIT'S VIBIT TO TUE NATIONAL GALLERY.
—flaw DAL]—Tiiis morning, at balfinst eleven o'clock,
bee Nally and Hie Royal Rieman tits Prism Ormieet,
aceompanied by Priam Alfred, Prisms Alice, Prince
Arthur, and the Pricommea llama and Louis., Mated the
National Galley, Trafaigareigneriu

A dinner will take place on Saturday, the 16th
of June nest, to commemorate the 900th anniversary of the
formation of the Grenadier Guardia at which hie Royal
Highness the Prince Consort, as colonel of the regiment,
will preside. It is proposed that all officers in and out of
the regiment should meet on the ormaion.

Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cam-
bridge 'ad the Prunus. Kay will return to their residence
le theegmbessedors'-court, today, from Cambridge Cottage,
Kew, for the moo&

Hie Excellency the Brazilian Minister, Madame
de Ownlho Moreira, sod family have arrived at their mal-
aise' in Cavendishoquare, from Paris.

The Countess Frances Waldegrave and Mr. Har-
court, M.P., entertained at dinner last evening, at their
residenee in Carlton-gardens, his Excellency the Portu-
guese Mister, the Coaster of Craven and lady Evelyn
Craven, the Earl Bowers, the Earl of Hefts, Lord and
Lady Cremona, Lord and Lady Wensleydale, Baron and
Baroness Rothschild, Lord GOlord, Lord Eversley, Sir Chas.
sad lady Mary Wood, lady Elisabeth Bettie, Mr. and Lady
Hestia Wardlaw, and Genend and Mrs. Malcolm. Her
lalysitip hod an amiably after the banquet. The countess
will give a concert on Monday, the 14th inst.

Tile Countess Dowager of Essex and Miss John-
shine have arrived is Sown from a tour on the Continent.

We are sorry to learn that the Earl of pun-
donald is so seriously ill that the counter, although her-
self much indisposed, has arrived from France to attend on
his lordship.

We are authorised to state that Lady Sondes'
tall will take place on Thursday, the 10th, instead of on
Monday, the 14th inst.

Loral Panmnre has left Brechin Castle, N. 8., for
the Getman baths.

The Countess of Derby gave her first assembly
this season last evening at her mansion in St. James's.
moire. Previously to the assembly the noble earl and
countess entertained at dinner the Earl and Countess of
Eglinton, the Earl of Cornet-von, Lord and Lady Colchester,
' Lord Bavensworth and the Hon. Miss Liddell, Lord Robert
Montagu, M.P., Sir John Pakington, ILE, and Lady Ps.
Idsigton, Mr. Baillie Cochrane, M.P., and Ya. Baillie
Cochrane, Mr. Raiiinir6se, ke.

The Prince de Joinville and family arrived in
Stirling on Satanlay morning, and left in the afternoon for
the Trossachs.

ProfeesorOwenhas resumed his oourse of lectures
on fossil mammoth', at the Museum of Practical Geoloay, in
Jennynatreet. In his 11th lecture, on Friday, the pro-
fessor resumed the consideration of the fossil mammals of
SOCA AWL Wt.

" A clerical conferenoe on a large scale," says the
CheiteriAam Examiner, " will be held in London during the
present month, to be presided over by the Rev. Dr.
N'Neile, of LiverpooL Among the clergy who are to take
part by opening the specified discussions are the Rev.
Prebendary Magee, of Bath, and the Rev. E. Walker,
incumbent of Cheltenham."

The competitors for the improvement of rifled
ordnance are increasing. Yesterday Captain Blakeley's gime
was tried on the sands at Heighten, and the range obtained,
with a small quantity of powder, "was nitonishing." The
1 whole experiment, were, it is reported, a docided swam

CIVIL SERVICE ESTIMATES.

A variety of estimates of the Civil Service elan
for the year ending March 31, 1881, was issued this morning.
The estimate for " Public Works and Buildings" is
821,9901., being a decrease, as compared with 1859, of
171,854/.

For "Salaries and Expenses of Public Departments " the
cam required is 1,413,6061., or an increase over the previous
year of 8/. . . _

The totals to be voted for expenses connected with "Law
and Justioe," are' as follow :—England, 756,9431., being •
durum of 48,9831. ; Scotland, 140,9511., being an increase
of 11,7554 ; Ireland, 887,8161., being an increase of
21,5341. ; prison and convict services at home and abroad,
779,5911., being an increase of 24,345/. The total entrUaten
for law end justice amount to 2,565,301/., being a net in.
crew over 1869 of 20,651/.

For "Education, Science, and Art," 22,541/. less than
Inn voted the previous year is asked for. The aunt re-
q‘ired is 1,306,912 i.

The estimates for "Colonial, Consider, and other ser-
vices" ►how an increase of 55,302/. The sum required is
484,8121.

The sum of 253,6101., lyeing an increase of 10,8161., as
compared with 1859, is required for " superannuation and
retired allowances and gratuities for charitable and other

Po:Pocca?'

DEATH OF SIR Wu, F. MIDDLETON, BAWL
We have to announce the death of Sir Win. F. Middleton,
Bart, of Shrubland, Suffolk, who expired yesterday morn-
log at his town residence in Gruarenurplace, after a short
illness. The late baronet was born in 1784, and succeeded
to the baronetcy on the death of Lis father in 1829. He
married, in 1934, the Hon. Anna, youngest daughter of the
lint Lord Brownlow, by Jocose Catherine, daughter and
coheir of the late Sir Thomas Drury, Bak. ; and, dying
without issue, the baronetcy bemoan extinct.
DEATH or • PAILIAYENTART Vara:wt.—The
late John Round, Eq., formerly of Daohnry.phioN
Emirs, who did at Brighton on the 28th ult., at the age al
78, was one of the earliest friends and fellow workers of
the late Sir R. Peel, and represented the boroughs of
Ipswich and Maldon at various times IsAwreu the years
1812 and 1847, when •he retired from public life. Mr.
Round, as we learn from the " County Females," repre-
sented a house long settled in Feast. He was an honorary
D.C.L. of Oxford, and for many year, held the elks of
High Steward of Colchester. It will be remembered that
hie wife was accidentally burnt to death at Raggett's Hotel,
Dover-street, about lb years ago.
8108 Counoe.—The clergy of the Archdeaconry
et London have elected the Rev. J. V. Povah, M.A., rentor
of St. Anne, Alden/ate, sad mbar moon of St. Yeats oi-
timedrel, to the preenientehip et Sion College for the ensuing
year, in the room of the Bev. Dr. Warttungton.
Tim BISKINNZAD Fast.—At the meeting of
the Birkenhead Comnsiedoaers held on Tuesday the Perry
. .

committee reported that they had handed Over to rtlit
township the sum of 4,0001. spinet $,BOOl. in the preceding
year, although owing to the severityl the weather since
Christmas there had been a decrease in the receipta of TOOL
On Saturday last, ►he day of the great volunteer review at
Birkenhead. upward. of 34,000 perms mowed over by the
Woodside (Commissioners') ferry bps* being about 14,000
above the daily &venire.

ROYAL Gintraau. bazaar held
at Willis's-rooms on Friday and Saturday last, in aid of the
above very valuable charity, was attended with consider-
able success. The ladies' committee hare organised a
Zemental hamar, which will be open to-day (Thurs.
iPi,lat the Albion Tavern, Aiderrgate-street.
he Medical Relief Bill, now before Parliament,
was the subject of considerable conversation at the Liver.
pool select vestry yesterday !Tuesday), and it was unani-
mously agreed to petition against its introduction as entail.
Mg many serious and additional charges on the parish.

VENING, MAY

..,. FINE ARTS.
_...__
14 it
141ITIONOF THE SOCIETY AD
tl +1 WATER-COLOHNIL.
ND AID CONCLUDING N .)
lia 11111 ormer notice of this mull:
ing exhibition we remarked a falling-off or a chi

cintscter of the works of the better-known cool

but we observed that the younger members had greatly
distinguished themselves. This remark, or rather the for-
mer part of it, applies, however, more particularly to those
productions (already reviewed) in whictithe figures intro-
duced are either the central paints or important parts of the
composition. In those drawing which oome more strictly
within the category of landscape there is evidence not so
much of deterioration as of change of scene among the
older contributors, while here again the younger members
continue to justify their election by continued advancement
in art.

Mr. A. P. Newton, for example, has even surpassed his
admirable drawing of Ben Nevis, which was so conspicuous
and noteworthy a feature in the exhibition of last year.
The Highlands again furnish the subject, " The Peas of
Glencoe" (69) being represented under an effect of "mountain
gloom" nearly as black as we could desire to shroud
the memory of the bloody massacre of the Maodonalds.
The run is at the point of setting, the rays flushing with
rosy light, the under surfaces of the clouds floating above,
and fringing with gold those barring the horizon at the ex-
tremity of the pass. But it is almost night in the hollow,
and the whole of the great mountain masses on the left are
enedeped in 'eleven shadow. In the distance the purple
Mess ant keenly the evening sky. The central peak is a
leloal spine of higher eminences, and is with them thinly
earered with snow, which is dimly seen to commence half
way up the slope. To the left an almost precipitous &c-
-avity seems 'to lead out of the picture to a still higher
elevation, for we think this is necessary to account for the
Disk reflection which makes the central mass so much less
deathlike and spectre' in colour. The reflections from the
clouds may partly account for this ; but it much more pro-
bably arises from a higher peak, which eatchee
at its crest, arid reflect, the rays of the setting
sun. The peculiar hue of this reflection on the
snow, and the use it is turned to in bringing
out every little stratified ledge and fault in the
granite and the glacier-like courses or lava-wise tracts down
the mountain side, are the most startling and original points
in the picture. The great areas of shadow acquires an in-
tenser value from a snow-covered ledge of rock in the imme-
diate foreground. The only animate creatures in this
awful solitude are a shepherd's colly endeavouring to ex-
tricate a strayed sheep and save it from the hovering eagle.
The quantity of fora delineated with the utmost exactitude
will account for the fact that the artist spent months on
the spot, yet the unity of effect is perfect nod complete, and
all the minutia are subordinated to convey a given im-
pression on the imagination.
Mr. Duncan knows exactly in what his strength lies, and
roes it as a giant. No painter has a more magic command
of storm and tempest. "The Last Man from the Wreck"
(14) la fully equal to former efforts. The hopeful sunburst
breaking through the drifting rack of lurid clouds, is most
poetically conceived. The " 'oche:ape Bell " (178)
is smaller, but no • kes vivid and terribly
true. Mr. Birket Foster, who has hitherto been corupara-
tively little known as a painter in water-colour, has carried
his works further in delicacy and fidelity of detail than any
living artist in this material. In three or four exquisitely
elaborated drawings an impression is conveyed of the variety
of character and multitudinous fulness of nature, such as
we do not remember to have seen equalled. This is high
praise, but we believe the visitor will find it amply justified
if he carefully examines either the "Feeding the Ducks"
(30), the "View in Holmwood Common" (208), or the
" View on the River Mole" (276). Nothing can surpass the
minute felicity of touch, without loss of general effect,
which distinguishes these drawing.. Every year Mr. David-
son shows evident progress. In expressing the fresh, clear,
and negative hues of early summer, as in "Cutting the
Haystack" (99), he is always especially happy. He is apt,
however, to carry the =IMO scale of tint into seasons when
they are leas compatible. But this objection does not apply
to the " Thunder Cloud" (177), and the key of colour and
tone of the sea shore "At Whitby, Yorkshire" (26),
we perfectly suitable. The last drawing, though per-
fectly modest in means and execution, baa a power and
solidity for which we were unprepared. Mr. Richardson
ban laid aside mach of the conventionality of colour and
treatment which in his Italian and Highland compositions
have confined the attention too much to the mere clever-
ness of the artist. His largest drawing here, the view of

the " City of Durham" (119), is the best, and with the
exception of a palpable " management" of the foreground
for the sake of effect, it is the freest from mannerism.
Mr. Richardson seems to have felt that the picturesque-
ness of this view of Durham from the north-west,
with all the variety of wood-crowned cliff and winding
river, nestling town and undulating distance, required no
adventitious embellishment.

Mr. Ded,gson usually relies too much upon memory for
composition and colour, and also upon a certain indefinite
tremulous execution which frequently fails the artist
when painting from nature. The suggestiveness of such
• method in such bands may, however, be seen to advan-
tage in such subjects as " Christmas Revels at Haddon—
bringing in the Yule Log" (7), with its torchlight
effects ; and the Cathedral " Interior—Evening "
1153), with its "dim religious light." Neverthe-
less, knowing the antecedent feeling of this artist,
surprise will certainly be felt at the unexpected fidelity to
nature, the pure clear atmosphere, the sweet yet quiet
colour, and decided handling of the view, "On the Thames
at Mile-end." Mr. Mattel is another artist who, having
left his home in the Channel Islands, has acquired fresh
perception from change of scene. The relish of this
painter for brilliant colouring, which led to an exaggeration
of the greens and blues of English scenery, lea found in
Italy new and abundant food wherewithal to satiate
itself. All his works here bear internal evidence of having
been painted on the spot, and not manufactured in the
studio. The "Amalfi" (181), for example, has all the so
to speak anatomical accuracy of photography, the bard dry
skeleton form, with also the full coloured, rieh investment
al vitality and beauty. It is documentarily valuable, and
artiatically precious besides. Mr. G. Frippaleo has surpassed
former efforts in the large view of the "Pass of Want
Prawn, on the road from Bangor to Capel Chris." (34.)
There is a sentiment of grandeur in the MSS of shadow
sad the snow-capped and cloud-wreathed brow of, the
distant mountain which we have not observed in the
literal simplicity of former works. The sun-
light breaking in on the left is not, however, discriminated
with sufficient brilliancy, and the artist has still to avoid a
certain blotting-paper woolliness of texture. The " Run-
ning down Channel" (41) is • favourable specimen of Mr.
J. Callow. Mr. W. Callow likewise has made adenine in
his beautiful view al " Tivoli" (126) with its lovely Villa
d'Ete and caseatelle. Still finer is the " Venice from the
'Llano" (91). It a Like a fused and mellowed. though
somewhat timid Turner. The influence of Turner is, how-
ever,
more apparent in the " Sunset on the Lego Maggiore,
from Isola Bolls" (62), by Mr. W. C. Smith, who is yet
another artist who has distanced the point he appeared to
have long fixed for himself. The colouring in this drawing
is very splendid and beautiful, and the sunset effects are
obtained with little of the mechanical artifices which have
been the besetting fault of this painter. Mr. D. Cox less
obviously imitates the later style of his father, and in pro-
portion as he does so his works acquire value. Mr. Glenn's
we have seen to greater advantage than in the present ex-
hibition. Mr. Gastineau seems to be hopelessly confirmed
in mediocrity. Mr. Finch has • nice classic feeling, but is
lamentably dull in colour. Mr. Branwhite contributes one
of the wintry scenes for which he is well known.
Mr. S. P. Jackson's " Poway Harbour, Cornwall—squally
weather" (47), will be admired, like other of his works, for
its aerial effects, and especially for the grey semi-opacity of
the drifting clouds. Mr. Harding relies with too much
self-sufficiency upon knowledge and practised facility. The
broad floating touch of the foliage a "The Forest" (78) is
not adequately discriminative. In • conventional composi-
tion, entitled " The Ballad" (112), Mr. Palmer has realised
the gorgeous hues and overpowering brilliancy of sunset, at
which he almost invariably aims, as nearly as the conditions
of painting in water-colours will permit. Mr. Holland, in
a " Venetian Pests" (No. 266), has had much Venetian co-
louring spoiled by using body colour on paper of preposte-
rous coarseness and with a ragged texture.

TEE DESTRUCTION OP TRI LIVERPOOL SAILORS'
HONK—An the perms, who were in the Bailors' Home at
oa the night that it was destroyed lay y e have
ti‘lveeiarotlid with the exception of two, who are hoverer
ts:lrto be alive somewhere in the town. With
eliduildinjj itself it is feared that the walls have
so seriously injured that they will have to be entirely re-
built.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.
FRANCE.
need
PARIS, THURSDAY.
The Moe • this morning publishes a note of
dated April 16, proving that the
annexation of the neutralised districts of Savoy to
France will not change the situation of Switzerland.
The Moniieur also states that the project of
law concerning the tariff for wools, cottons, and
raw materials waryestarday adopted by the Legis-
lative Body by 249 against 4 votes.
The Conditutionnel states that the only condition

attached to the general amnesty in Spain is that
parties wishing to avail themselves of it must take
the oath of allegiance to Queen Isabella.

PARIS. WRDNZSDLT. 3.56 p.m.
The Bourse exhibited an upward tendency,
and prices have improved. Renter closed 71.10, or
higher than yesterday.