The Express.
London, England, 1866-12-17 00:00:00

OPENING OF THE ITALIAN PARLIAMENT•
SPEECH OF KING VICTOR 100LANUEL

HEW YORK, Dec. 4.
President Johnson, in his message to Congress,
says :
" It is a matter of regret that no considerable advance
has been made towards an adjustment of the differences
between the United States and Great Britain, arising out
of the depredations upon our national commerce and
other trespasses committed during our civil war by British
subjects, hi violation of international law and treaty
obligations. The delay, however, may be believed to have
resulted in no small degree from the domestic situation of
Great Britain. Whatever might be the wishes of the two
governments, it is manifest that good-will and friendship
between the two countries cannot be established
until a reciprocity in the practice of good faith and neu-
trality shall he restored between the respective nations."
Relative to the Feniaa invasion of Canada, he says that
citizens were warned against taking part in or aiding such
unlawful proceedings, and the proper officers were
directed to take all necessary measures for the enforce-
ment of the laws. The expedition failed, but it has not
been without its painful consequences. Some of our
citizens, who it was alleged were engaged in the expedition,
were captured, and have been brought to trial for &capital
offence in the province of Canada. Believing that the
severity of civil punishment for miagnided persons who
have engaged in revolutionary attempts which have disas-
trously failed is unsound and unwise, such representa-
tions have been made to the British government In behalf
of the convicted persons as being sustained by an enlight-
ened and humane judgment will, it is hoped, induce in
their cases an exercise of clemency and a judicious amnesty
to all who were engaged in the movement. Counsel has
been, employed by the government to defend the citizens
of the United States on trial for capital offences in
Canada, and a discontinuance of the prosecutions in-
stituted in the courts of the United States against
thhnoseeewheeogeztotdpaur,te
Lin.pethaeiu
sionPedias not only obasnly bpeoelinticaldid.
I recinteit
nature, but also as in a great measure foreign from the
United States in its causes, character, and objects. The
tesurgtten'Petntw"partuny in Ireland,
aerlt4tbaen,mal, byae
sirrikingsymP:tßhyritiwishthproan-
vince on this continent, designed to aid in obtaining re-
dream for political grievances, which it was assumed the
people of Ireland had suffered at the hands of the British
government hiring a period of several centuries. The per-
sons engaged in it were chiefly native:, of that country,
some of whom had, while others had not, become citizens
of the United States. Complaints of misgovernment
in Ireland continually engage the attention of the
British nation, and PO great an agitation is now pre-
vailing in Ireland that the liritish government
have deemed it necessary to ppeend the writ of
Habeas Corpus in that country. swThese circumstances
must necessarily modify the opinion which we, might
otherwise have entertained in regard to an expedition
expressly prohibited by our neutrality laws. So long na
those laws remain upon our statute book they should be
faithfully executed." With regard to Mexico, lie says,
"That relented assurances have been made that the eva-
cuation of Mexico by the French expeditionary forces will
take place next spriug, and that the French government
would then assume the attitude of non-intervention in
Mexico, as is held by the government of the United
States. It is believed that with the evacuation of
Mexico no subject for serious differences be-
tween France and the United States would remain."
He adds:—" Being deeply intereateel in the cause of liberty
and humanity, it seemed an obvious duty on our part to
exercise whatever influence we possessed for the restoration
and permanent establishment in that country of a domestic
and republican form of government. All settlements of
American claims for indemnity against France for acts
committed by that power in the exercise of a belligerent
power against Mexico have been deferred iota a mutual
adjustment eh ill be :timed upon by the two countries."
Speeking of his reconstruction policy the President says :
' Upon this ,piestion, so vitally affecting the restora-
tion of the Union and the pennenency of our present form
of government, my convictions heretofore expressed have
undergone no change, but, on the contrary, their correct-
ness has been am armed by reflection and time. If the ad-
missien of loyal members to seats in the respective houses
of Congress was wise and expedient a year ago it is
no less wise and expedient now. I know of no
immure more imperatively demanded by every con-
sideration of national interest, sound policy, and
equal justice, than the arlinisrion of loyal
members from the now unrepresented Stoics. This would
consummete the work of restoratien, and exert a most
salutary influence on the re-estahlihm, nt of peace , lg-
mony, and fraternal feeling. It world tend greatly to
renew the contalence of the American people in the vigour
and stability of their institutions." The President, in
conclusion, says : " Our gee-et-tilling is now undergoing
it' most treing ordeal, and my earnest prayer is that tLe
peril may he enecererfully and finally passed without ire.
pairing its original strength and aynneetry. The interests
of the nation are beet to be promoted by the revival of
fraternal a
relations, the completeobliteration of our past
differenoes, aud the reinaugurationob of ell the pursuits of
peace."
The New York Iferabl, alluding editorially to the Pre-
sident's message, says that upon the great brew of
Southern reconstruction it reads like a chapter from the
world before the deluge. The New York rt.ncs, writing
on the same subject, 'says:—" His (the President's) argu-
ments have been used before. His recommendation is
chiefly noticeable as an evidence that be le,s learned
nothing from the elections :end forgotten nothing with his
struggle with Congress." The Tribune Keys:—" The first
impression conveyed by the ereseage is that his excellency
is chaeteneil. There is nothing in it thnt any loyal nem
could read with comfort or hope. He doe, not mean to
aid us in the work of reconstruction." The New l'rk
Weeei and the Journal of CUM name support the President.
The latter paper says :—" Ile exhibits that Jacksonien
fineness which was declared to be one of hie characteris-
tics when nominated, and this ineaeaeg is in no sense
inferior to anything he bas heretofore issued."
NEW YOIIK, Dee. 4.
The report of the Secretary of the Treasury. annaunces
that the receipts for the three-quarters ending June, is 66,
e x oeeded theestimates of the last report by ending dols.
The expenditures fell short of the estimate,. by •e 00,000,000
dots. From ',5 August, l's, to October, Ishii, the debt had
been decreased by 206,000
,000 dole., hut it was not ex-
pected or desirable that the same rate of reduction
should continue. The revenue, after reducing the taxes
and the tariff, would be sufficient to reduce the prin-
cipal at the rate of 4,000,e00 dole. to 5,000,000 dole.
per mouth. The report adds, that with proper re:ninny
the generation which created can One pay the debt. The
Secretary of the Treasury rerommentle Congress to adopt
the following measures, end thereby enable the govern-
ment to resume specie payments in two years:—To compel
the national hanks to redeem their notes hi Atlantic
cities or in a single city, to curtail the currency to the
amount required by a healthful and legitimate trader a
careful revision of the tariff, the removal of taxation
from raw material, the issuing of Five-Twenty per rent.
Bonds, payable in England and Germany, in sufficient
amount to absorb the Six per Cent. Bonds now held in
Europe. and meet the demand there for permanent invest-
ment ; lastly, the rehabilitation of the Southern States.
The report estimates the re
surplus for the theepiartere
ending next June at 79,000,000 dollars, and the surplus
for the year ending June, ltine, at 85,000,090 dollars.
At a republican congressional caucus held on Saturday
' last, a strongly hostile feeling was manifested toward Pre-
sident Johnson, and a resolution was passed, recommend-
in,g the Senate to reject appointments made by the Presi-
dent on political grounds. Mr. Boutwell nrged the ap-
pointment of a congressional committee to inquire whether
the President's sett justified impeachment.
In the House of Representatives Mr. Schenk intro-
duced a bill proposing that the fortieth Congress should be
convened for the 4th March.
were engaged in the rebellion. The House of pnCw'oenegrfenssm
thhase pl
Presidenta ident bu
iilleewisptenhtdraerwitnig„eethpee peenan,Lonwihngn
Representa-
tives has also instructed the Judiciaq Committee to
t° re-
unportpeo.enhtwheenmt edineenofie an
NEW YORK, DEC. C, ECExtxG.
liriX)Cfe:PedintligeSehnae ateu.°Pted fi'r
trial d
The House of Representatives here removed from the
chairman.ibil. of committees three members who supported
the policy of President Johnaon..
Southern States has been adopted in a republican caucus.
The steamer Scotland will prove a total loss.
A plan to provide terntonal governments for the
The Royal Mail steamship Africa, from Halifax and
Boston, arrived at Queenstown at 7.30 p.m. on Saturday,
with 19,900 dole in specie. She landed all the mail., con-
sisting of 127 sacks, and two pasiengers, and proceeded
immediately for Liverpol. All well.
TORONTO, Dec. 3.
Fenians in Canada has been refused by the court.
The application for a new trial of the condemned

Sir James Anderson, captain of the Great
Eastern, was on Friday presented with the freedom of the
burgh of Dumfries (his native town), and entertained in
the evening to a public dinner, iu recognition of his ser-
vices in connection with the laying of the Atlantic cable
of 1866.
On Saturday afternoon Messrs. Rawlinson, Har-
rison, and Way, the commissioners appointed by govern-
ment to inquire into the pollution of rivers, resumed their
inquiry into the state of the River Lea and its tributaries,
at the offices of the commission, Victoria-street, West-
minster.

FLORENCE. Die. M.
The Italian parliament was opened to-day by the
King in person. His Majesty delivered the follow-
ing speech from the throne :
Signori Senatori, Signori Deputati,—Our country is
henceforth free from all foreign domination. It is with
profound joy that I declare this to the representatives of
twenty-five million Italians. The nation had faith in me,
and I in it. This great event, by crowning our common
efforts, gives a fresh impulse to the work of civilisation,
and renders more stable the political equilibrium of
Europe. By her promptitude in military organization,
and by the rapid union of her people, Italy has acquired
the credit which was necessary to enable her to attain in-
dependence by herself, and with the aid of eflicscious
alliances. Italy has found encouragement and support
in this laborious work in the sympathy of civilised govern-
ments and peoples, and has been further sustained and
strengthened by the courageous perseverance of the Verse'
tiara provinces in the common enterprise of national emanci-
pation. The treaty of peace with the empire of Austria,
which will be laid before you, will be followed by negocia-
tions which will facilitate exchanges of prisoners between
the two States. The French government, faithful to the
obligations which it contracted by the September eon- ,
vention, has withdrawn its troops from Rome. On its side
the Italian government, observant of its engagements, has
respected, and will respect, the Pontifical territory. Our
good understanding with the French Emperor, to whom
we are bound by friendship and gratitude, the moderation
of the Romans, the wisdom of the Pontiff, and the religious
sentiment and right feeling of the Italian people, will aid
us to distinguish and conciliate the catholic interests
and national aspirations which are interwoven and
contending with each other at Rome. Attached to the
religion of our ancestors, which is also that of the great
majority of Italians, I nevertheless respect the principle of
liberty whichbreathes through our institutions, and which,
broadly and sincerely applied, will remove the causes of
the old difference, between church and state. This die'
position on our part, by re-assuring catholic consciences,
will accomplish, I hope, the wishes which I form that
the sovereign Pontiff may remain independent at Rome.
Italy is secure, now that besides the velour of her sons,
which through all the changes of fortune has never belied
itself either by land or sea, nor in the ranks of the army
or the volunteers, she possesses as the ramparts
of her independence the very bulwarks which served
to ermines her. Italy can, therefore, and now
ought to turn her efforts to increasing her prosperity.
As Italians have shown admirable concord in the affirma-
tion of their independence, so now let all devote them-
selves with intelligence, ardour, and indomitable con-
stancy to the development of the economic resources of
the Peninsula. Several bills will be laid before you with
this object. In the midst of the labours of peace, fa-
voured by a secure future, we shall not ueglect, following
the lessons of experience, to perfect our military organi-
' ration, in order that, with the least possible expense, Italy
may not be destitute of the forces necessary to urantain
her in the place which belongs to her among great nations.
The measure. recently taken relative to the administra-
Lion of the kingdom, and those which will be proposed to
11
you, above all respecting the collection of the taxes, and
the accountability of the state, will contribute to ame-
liorate the management of public ensile. My government
has provided in advance for the expee liture of the year
about to open, and for extraordinary payments of
every kind. They will ask of you the continuation in
1867 of the financial measures voted for 1666. The legis-
lative bodies will also maturely discuss the bills which will
be laid before them to ameliorate the asseasment of the
taxes and to equalise them among the different provinces
of the kingdom. If, as lAM fully confident, the people of
Italy will not fail in that activity which crusted the wealth
and power of our ancestors, it will not be long before the
public exchequer will reach its definitive equilibriam.l
Signori Senatori, Signori Deputati,—ltaly is now re-
stored to herself. Her rerpmudbility is equal to the
power she has acquired and the full liberty she
enjoys in the use of her strength. The great
things which we have done in a short space increase our
obligation not to fail in our tusk, which is to know how to
gcoonvdiettiaonouorsfethlvee vigourkisnwig,tfioLtteuna
the requiredli
our institutions. Liberty in our political institutions,
err.lit y by
demands the
soda!
by
authority in the government, activity in the citizens, and
the
height of Lew upon all and over all, will carry Italy to
the height of her destiny, and fulfil what thew orld expects
from her.
His Majesty's speech was received with general
clause.