The Express.
London, England, 1858-05-26 00:00:00

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ITALY.

PIEDMONT.

In the Sardinian Clanger of Deputies the debate
upon the financial situation of the kingdom, which
had erns with reference to the proposed loan of
40,000,000 of lire, now approaches its termination,
and a speech was commenced by Count Comm on
Thursday, and (motioned on Friday, in which he
presented a comprehensive view of the whole subject,
and thoroughly vindicated the ministerial policy.
He estimated that the deficit at the end of the year
1869 would not exceed 43,090,000 lire or francs, for
which the loan now asked was intended to provide,
sad which was entirely attributable to the extras-
expenditure upon the great public works
commenoed. He showed that by the remis-
-17;71 Quit/ono dues upon articles of prime neces-
&youth as foreign corn, salt, cotton, woollens,
mei Sather, as well as upon the raw material
d' manufactures, together with the saving
of cost of carriage effected to the advan-
fte of several provinces, by the construction
el the railroads, all classes of the community had
seeived benefits from recent legislation at least
equivalent to the additional direct taxes which had
been imposed. Spading, for example, of the great
benefit experienced by the agricultural classes from
the railways, he observed that before the introdue-
tha of these a hundredweight of rice coat 3if. to
transport from Vercelli to Turin ; now it coats te.
The Vercelli landholder could therefore sell his at
least ltf. dearer, a gain to him of 721 f. per hectare,
mere, than his direct taxation. The wine from Nice
and Monferrat had profited In like manner, and 1
economised Iff. per hectolitre. Notice should also
be taken of the vast provincial and communal works
easented ; from '49 to. '67 the provinces spent
18,000,000 f. in roads. The minister also referred to
the removal of the export duty on silk, and the ha-
rness development which had thus been given te
the growth of silk in Piedmont. By the omens
taken en the 31st of December last he showed the
inseam in the population of the Sardinian Statue,
whisks, amounted to 6,058,672 souls. This was
ea images of about 260,000 air compared with the
OSMINII Of 1848 (allowing for the Sardinian subjects
alma from the country, who were not redeemed in
the sant, as they had been in the hems emus}
It should be remembered that in this interval be-
tween 1848 and 1857 there were wars and epidemics.
Is France, from 1848 to 1861, the increase was only
181,000; from 1861 to 1868, 267,000. The increase
et population in Sardinia had been concurrent with 1
a rise in the prices of labour. This fact famished
a demonstrative evidence of the increase of the
public riches which he thought incontestable. He,
she pointed to the Exhibition of Native Arts and
Manufactures now open at the Valentino Palace,
la which the number of exhibitors was tripled as
mspared with the exhibition of 1861. On the other
head, he dwelt upon the exceptional disadvantages
tad unfavourable circumstances under which this
pleat social and economical program had been
eiseled, audio to the grape disease, the war, the
dielliame htsvesb of more than one year, and the
We lasedadeas. He referred to the failure of the
dik amp, the exaggerated prices to which that com-
modity was driven up by the holders, and the col-
=141nd:oleos fall occasioned by the American
States being the largest market for the
Mks of Lyons and Northern Italy. He estimated
the lames of the Piedmontese silk trade at
20,000,000 f., and said that the few failures that bad
occurred proved how solid and prudent that trade
was. In spite of these diseases, he contended that
the material resources of the country were in course
of sound and healthy development. With regard to
finance, he stated the public debt of Sardinia at
726,000,000 f. (29,000,0001. sterling), inclusive of the
loan now demanded. Admitting this to be a serious
am for a small country, he still maintained that it
was by no means axe/sive in proportis to the
wealth, of the kingdom, and proved this by seeperi-
son with the debts of some other European states.
He wee ready to admit, however, that it was near
nary a stop to extraordinary expenditure, but
that the great enterprises which had been
undertaken by the government were all of an utilita-
rian, if not immediately productive, nature, and
that there had been no new palaces, or mere decora-
tive and ornamental works. As for the War Dis-
traint, he said that when the fortifications and
barracks now in program should be complete,
Crash extraordinary expenses were not to be an-
ticipated, but that, if the army were to be main-
tained in good organisation, the present ordi-
nary military budget must be submitted to,
though some economies in it already appeared. Re-
marking upon the incidence of different kinds of
taxation, he expremed his opinion that the income
tax was, in the abstract, a reasonable one, and per-
haps suitable to a new country, where the whole
system might be constructed on that basis, but that
it could not be fairly applied as an ordinary mauls
raising revenue to the fi
the legithianhltates. He re-
beea thrown
Ws..f; a of the church estates, and
sigh declared his conviction that to
sibs to the position of saleried de-
pealiMis apes the state would be to render than
seerbesb3e to the liberties, and more widely s-
=train the sympathies, of the nation, since it
deprive them of the common interest which,
as pessumero of property, they might otherwise still
stein in civil society, from which, by their state of
eubbacy, they were already separated is
ease degree. He remarked that the slimy of
ilavoy, wiser, the confiscation of church swift had
Nader the Preach Republic) actually takes &it
ware hung le tes their influence more
lb, liberal policy than those of tre.PTett
rasa-re distriets, we the church was neatly ea-
-2=.1 ad ha pointed to the state paid priests a
eat &Was as more ultruesateas is their
spirit this thmuset Daly, whilst the Isom catholic
=1111•11111•1, on the other:haid
at la the
they teo often betrayed, e the
dueferene tendency of the system reduced
the ehegy to depend on the contribadoes of their
auks ir a livehbood. For these mow u well
aa Imams he believed such a memo wield invest
the genencasat with a aese seaseat of power.
sod setabilels ea adaiai isepellem, he eleald
always he append to the oedemata' sr immure-
swede et the chetah Ia asselasisa, Count
Omer seamed the tar's( the lateadea et go-
verment to dhregard all party pelhimea is Its
Weak* dens to serve the eoentryeershialhearela
of Ihet Clamber,°spoo and to employ thew who pump* I
meet wky ter the teak. He insibmhti
the thmelellsl on of Clonal Bevel to l
sees lime tell. the meat appelsleeent 414.'
liesebres sr Westin, einestishoer he tier
Matiawl Waled that She Ifise-Freeitleat
etalag triable et the Left aesilee,
midi pail* nee he bitted to investi-
pite • quondam et ialimiliesel law relative to
passeas at the iteinefar. He had faith (he con-
, IMnai) in the patrialaret his political adversaries,
whether on the Blida se en the Left, and should not
simple to claim their eirviess.
This las has our pilley ea rem yeses, sad k wen be
eeihdczbeastsis. re a limp NC If Ws the.
wird wee to hook mi. and OTIS Os
Awl. %Wm aim easeheases swam, &-
dere timettert=tersuinive, die mord (teethe se
DAR lie snay weediest
lasitaisigar gas Is theanowd kw the moons
woo d km 010 of n do, at odor wow
ion, low led kir blest kr the aura.
(Chun.) I id eadisa, est keg dams, to
sepias the dasedea et Ike Mae palsy cl ale
ray:iledirod dot est pdhe Ocoee wee awl snot be
tlesei ; acchras. . _ cei ratemeeez;
al=l'

44:4-

WEDNESDAY 'EVENING, MAY '26, 1888.

which combats this ministry to the unmask unertheleas,
Will not invoke that any political trkeils, tar the authority
of the Hheral prise elligrope, which is. elmost without camp-
tion,favonsabis b in I will invoke lbs elloiskpress beyond
the Ticino, ths priesof V. 10611 and Vie Let Deputy Costa
observe with what stathaents the podgy a/ this mildewy
inspires that pees, sad thsa Ist his say ibis socandon cam
be well feaud.d. (Chem) la al Ike know
animosity produced at VIWOOS sadOMma by dds adaistry's
declaration of its determinant Is fellow a mama sad

mined was an Arab clerk in an European house, in
whose accounts a deficiency of some hundreds of
pounds had been discovered. Being of a respectable
family he was accommodated with a chair, the
witness under examination being invited to take
another chair near him ; the prosecutor was smokier
on the divan beside the President, and the dregetee;
of the consulate to which the, prosecutor leloeFed set
near him, being et officio a member of the Tel:mini
The forms of procedure were simple enough. Them
was no indictment. The principal secretary asked
the prisoner what he had done with the money.
The accused replied that some one must have !stolen
it; and then every one put in a question, or an
observation, as the spirit moved him, urging the
prisoner to tell the truth, &c. The law of evidence
in Syrian the simplest thing in the world ; you ask
any questions you like ; you express year
opinion ae to the veracity of the 'Arun
and fly oft' to any collateral inquiry that /pay
suit you. In the midst of the examination the 90.
clued nulled one of his fellow clerks as the person
he suspected, and a 'emissary was sent to fetch hie,
the Court smoking and canvassing the evidence
openly in the mean time. The new quasi-calpra
had witnesses to explain various suspicious matters
laid to his charge ; these had to be sent for, and u
they were of a lower grade they went through g
form of oath, repeating it after one of the scar,
and gave their evidence standing behind the old
clerk of the Court, outside the limit of the divest
Prisoner, witnesses, scribes, and Judges talked when
they liked, and sometimes all together, and at the
end of the first day's sitting nothing had been done
to throw a light on the cue ; but the prisoner de-
manded that his fellow clerk's house should be
searched, which was accordingly done. A second
and third day passed much in the same style, but on
the last day it was pretty generally understood that
a verdict would be given, and the co-religionists of
the culprit among the members of the Trammel
mustered in great force, for he was a Marmite
Christian, and the question of guilt or innocence we
less thought of than the scandal a conviction would
bring on his friends, and on the members
of his creed. The president of the Tribunal
being &Turk, and apparently having clearer notions
of justice than the Christians, at once expressed
his opinion that the prisoner was guilty, but that
there were extenuating circumstances, and that the
miring cash could not be traced to him, so that it
was difficult to fix the theft directly upon him. The
President believed that the man had
only lent the
on mey, intend ultimately to replace it, so he
thought an imprisonment of three months, and an
order to repay the sum, would meet the justice of
the case. The prosecutor was now asked what
punishment he demanded. It was explained to him
that if he adopted the suggestion of the President
the Christians of the Tribunal would bargain for a
shorter term, so he treated the matter as be would a
transaction for a bale of goods, and asked for a
year's imprisonment, intending to take the three
months proposed. After a long haggling this latter
was adopted, and, with another series of salaams,-we
left the Tribunal, highly edified by the proceedings.
The contrast they offered to our English trials was
amusing enough. No Counsel on either side—no
telling speeches to Jurymen—no fencing with legal
technialities. When the prisoner gave an impro.
bable explanation of the matter laid to his charge,
the President rated him soundly, and interrupted
him with exclamations of Bosh," &0., and the Con-
sular dragoman and the prosecutor had fretpient
whispered consultations with the President, espe-
cially when it came to arranging the mode in
which they should settle the verdict and sentence.
One thing, however, strikes every foreigner here
namely, that there is a strong indisposition to panel;
culprits of any kind, and a conviction is very diffi-
cult to obtain, unless the matter be in the he of
a foreign Consul. There is such wonderfully hard
swearing on both aides, that the members of the
Court find it generally more comfortable to their oon-
sciences to reflect that, after all, God only can tell
who is uttering the truth ; and so, unless the matter
be brought home very clearly to us prisoner, be is
almost sure to escape. But if he is evidently guilty,
they take into consideration that in punishing
him as he deserves they may ruin or in-
I jure his friends and relations, and that weighs
greatly with them in pronouncing sentence ; so,
although a poor man may get severely punished for
a homicide, a rich one—as in the case of the son of
the Defterdar—gets off generally very easily. This
gentleman had cut down a Custom-house officer at
one of the gates of the city, and the crime was
clearly proved. The sentence that he should give a
small sum to the family of the deceased, and &liberal
donation of bread to the stray dogs of the city, com-
pletely satisfied the judges, and he has suffered no-
thing apparently in the eyes of his fellow-citizens.
Allah Akbar ! the doings in the East are certainly
wonderful. O.

Italian policy, yon will hselleis beers sivWs a vote whke,
perhaps, might be in-interpretwl bused the Tlo, where it
would meet with the applause el these who certainly, ba this
Chamber, can And no sapportus.
The effect produced by this impressive speech is
described in the Turin journals as having been
strikingly apparent, and the decision of the Chamber
in favour of the liberal ministry was thought to be
quite secured.

BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OP Till AMERICAN
CON 011.141.—A Menai gentleman, who resides la George-
town, hes now nearly ready for publication a
Dictionary of the American Congress from the 'loiedot
of the Government." The compilation of this week hes
necessaray required human labour, es it bee been mow
sari to read every historical work palladia ones the lan-
lotto°, as well as the (Adel debates and state hi
order to obtain the regaling Worsteds& A Imp pawta
of the members of the prermat Cowen he,, asennmidatei
the leading features of their political careen, and the eon
will to a valuable shake to Ansrisaa literantria—lreeh-
.

Miss.
how to an a RIOSI erns.—A book bee jest
been pabOsial k Ira 081•••• with the shovel
coddles • llse of the thaw of all the Molt
Win rd gestiress In Leila& sad the eejelohig ethos,
with the amount of wealthgasument by each.
Pairs Nawsrarss Athricus.—Rev. Dudley A.
Tsar, of Philadolshk. R. 818lbsa Sibbss of Nortkamp-
toidtais. and Bev.
_hall Prose= Clerk, of Jamaica
Plaice, Miss., have shared thwelly in the reward caned by
• althea al SprlagfleM, MEd States, about • year Igo,
for the ban series of trawspepor unclog on the isporkin•
of bads' good ass at the head of all civil sad kirmatio
TES Pitams or Paosoosepar.—Not long litho,
a reembar of the Cabal Skew Coagrek mode •
gully( Latta "/ethers Seeress, durum Plato Alit
anger wile." (Socrates la my Mend, Plato is my khexi.
bat teeth is sure more my bird)Thr appeased midday
in a donographis report u follows .—" I may own &mites,
I may our Plink raid Major Tenth' 1"
SATUIDAT EVENING THEATRICALS IN BOSTON.—
A Comma Cenespoodent of the Ness rare Damn eith;;;
" Next estarday k of • awl era la the
of Books. Poe the Sid due dam Its =iria'aithes-Tical
=sk to tdo plass at the award •
eething perfintheres have ban derapt=
thrbildso by kw, • relasaks of Vieth weld naves be
ibbithed me WA whiter. Now the Rudd le deed id the
dletedles a/ die city powsrst, ad this disondid.wpo
rarinjllea& eel?" I.ll::rettrer==l:
or have the Pm he the aides. It is ass sells awl
'al outwore 1 Pod away by the rand.' d
' rand thaags."
How so PAN POI AN Afloat! sy.—Mr. Adr-
ia imielslos lady to Cep Bono of =de see emoodorisso Pee ec Jed Iwo spoA=Mt
wee be be aggrestkol he sw lthe demo
derolog dusk Wrist ma - p
ienos, air 110.
imitamme, who le sew s sopiew watery, it hie
mesa Men helm the Litsinty-Genral (sithar tin rend m lie
MeTirsad • beset of browiners. He (Mr- *IP
jes dent pries ttfa swain ilos„ rod Wag map
idly • Mk Wed th
.gelellamen wheal:
be .014 Is lanaisma" was the reply rm
tall yon how I piked. mobs Wore my
I spot with cre of the tool*" did lidstddZir
the merits of • bottle ad pod pert with The a
ergot ° p and the banister sod te the Mesmer
' Oh, ler. So-sad-8o wee with ta. all rot sight, "
went into the subject at law oyez
.edently, sad iItAV
all my guidons IMOSINEssIy •Oh, odd the
Ossatt4 • If that le the am I MI gni% stidd:
attorney in garden morel assordinesie
The MISSIONARY OVEAT.—A pozil the
7th_nk. talwasting mieetherry_ _ ?es