The Express.
London, England, 1858-12-20 00:00:00

ARRIVAL OF THE AFRICA.

THE PRESIDENTS MESSAGE.
LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY.
The reyal mail steamship Athos, Captain Shannon,
arrived in the Mersey a little before 8 this morning,
having sailed from New York on the Bth inst. She
brings 86 passengers and 187,000 dole. in specie.
The Africa was off Point Lynes at half-put 10
last night. but waited outside for water.
Congress met on the 6th instant, and having
been duly organised, the President's Message was
handed in.

The President enters at great length into the
history of the troubles in Kansas, which he ascribes
solely and emphatically to the refusal of the people
of that territory to join in the voting for delegates
to the convention which was to frame a constitution,
and their subsequent refusal to acknowledge the
authority of the convention so elected. He com-
mends the " wiser and hover spirit" which was
manifested last January, when a majority of the
people voted for a governor and state cameo, jus-
tifies his own recommendation that Kansas should be

othnittadas a state, retelstht; rejection by Congrew
of the lotion as voted by the people of Lanus,
W turn by the people of Keane,
in the month of August last, of the propositions pat
forward by the Congress. On the present state of
the question he says :
The people of the territory are now authorised to form
another constitution. preparatory to admission Into the
Union, bat not until their ember, as ascertained by a cern-
sus, shell eqaal or exceed the ratio regaled to abet a M-
bar to the House of Repeimentetivet. It is net probable, le
the present state of the ass, that a third ormatitudos as be
lawfully framed and protected to Cowen Baum before
its population shall have teethed the da sNd umber.
Nor is it to he preened that, alter their sad szpsrleaes is
restating the territorial laws, they will attempt le dept • mer.
taken= in express violation of the provisoes et ea sot of
Commas. During the series of 11154 math of the time of
Congress wee occupied on the qusetims of admitting Kamm
under the Topeka constitutioa. Again, nearly the whole of
the lest MOM was devoted to the emotion el its admission
wader the Leoomptoa constitution. Berely it is not unrea-
sonable to require the peopled Kamer so wait before makiag
• third attempt, until the numbs, of their Inhabitants shall
amount to 99,420. During this held period the hannesy of
the States, as well as the great Walser Wends dthe
country, demand that the peopled the Union shall melee a
third time be resealed by another agitation on the Humes
question. By waking for a short time, and ao*er to obir
filens to law, Hemet will glide into the Union without the
slightest impediment.

A considerable portion of the Message is devoted
to the history of the coarse pursued towards the
Mormons. He praises the army, the commissioners,
Governor Canning and Colonel Kane, the volunteer
pacificator; and, as a result of the measures taken,
ys :
"The governor and other civil officers of Utah ars now per-
formic.tt their appropriate functions without mimetic*. The
attiht by of the constitution and the laws has been fully
motored, and peace prevails throughout the territory. A
=llof the troops sent to Utah or. new anasteped in
Valley 44 miles south-west of Salt Lake City, and the
membedet hive been ordered to Oregon to suppress Indian
hantiltdes The march of the army to Belt Lake City,
the Indian territory, has had a powerful effect is
roe h the host as feelings against the United States
whisk arbead mass( the Indians in that region, and in
wetting endersete to the For West against their
thaw The witi also be the means of mtablishlngtedtal;
pasts sad premeds" settimmate atom the route. I recom-
mend that the Inmate et me lead laws sad pre-emption
system be extended to the people of Utah, by the entabliati-
mint of a lend office in that territory.
The relations of the United States and China are
thus mentioned :

I have occasion, also. to meratulate yon on re mak el
acr nagotiatiom with China. You were Worst by my
last annual rimer, that our minister bad bum instmerd
to mar • ruled politica in the hoetMiles ourketed 'by
Gust Britain and Perm rim Caron. as waxy hov-
er , at the seise tins rested to 00-opersta ocellielip with
the British and French ministers, In all pescend nvesstme to
secure by treaty those jar 00T10414•10116 to foreign enures
which the nations of the world bed a right to danand. It
wee impossible for me to premed farther than this as my
own authority, without usurping the war-usaidag power,
which, under the constitution, belong, exclusively to Con-
gress. Besides, sitar a careful examination of the nature
aced ester of oar grievances, I did not believe they ware of
rah awirisidessing and aggravated ranter r word
have j in declaring war against the
Chinese empire, C:l6l= first reeking another earnest at-
tempt to adjust them by mosful negotiation. I was the more
inclined to this uptake, berm of the severe ahnstiment
which had then but recently been indicted upon the Crease
by our squad:en in the errs and dastmction el es Br
nor Forts, to avenge sit alleged insult to our Gem The
event has proved the wisdom of our neutrality. Our
minister hes created his instmotions with Maur skill
and ability. Ia amjnesetion with the Remiss pirpo-
tentiary, be hoe poteehtily. bat rfeetnally, 00-cipstrad with
the Engliah and Preach plealpoteadaries, and rah of the
four Powers has oonolnded • separate treaty with Chine,
of a highly satisferry creseter. The treaty aminded
by par own plenipotandary will imnadtstely be mbinitir to
the

The treaty with Japan is briefly referred to.
On the important subjects of the Right of Search
and the Clayton-Ralwer Treaty the President says :
Ism truly sorry I amot also Worm you that the cu
Wiens anti
between Grain Britain and the United Stater,.
easel Cleellel end Aiwa hotly et Apse, ISM haws
been leek eibsesi At the ememewnesent of pene less
modes Died mem to Imp sewealgeting Dior
Loss beam anavelllei diesemiesta the are
weiszilkjl reseed to esillb Ae Oseleel amebae =in
manner, die Inieseselle estfebreery se Ina;
esithltbspe I hese mityeastwelemed. leffinewselree•
wipe I steed thee siemeseseibeli been made yy the Meek
govesiameet b *ism In a kindly Wt. which I
meg* mipreselei. Their preesesi was le withdraw
thew 'mien Item best neeedellea between the two
levessments; hot le esenseffile the sense eljoel, by a neer
sleeks helms the HWY .11111111111M0 lad dash el lb* OM-
Ira AMIIIIMIS mobilise when neollield Menne lee Mar
distely *velvet The seltienon wee le he melt In seemed-
ewe blffi the amoral nem' ,an
emia
up. ibe Qey end idea WWIel the
by tbe Val*s
wont asedffisellenn As fif Ass see en
apes Wm W* le nee Itlegra ire taw vier t!
ormisme Ihels . • Its entinesat of
theee evestless =Ph M
et
ee Ws wipe
oss the had liss it orris between two
tatetries. Otvelifiss *NI the peat emplem of Prance
end Rees* es well se with all,teen emoseenente ea the
sentinuat ofII wept that et Seele, ansime to be of
the most friendly
The relations of the United States with Spain
form perhaps the most important topic of the pre-
sent Mlle. The President says:
With It our relation. remote le an unastiskeisry con-
dition. miens to Spain has been =trustee to a dis-
tinguished elates cl Yeatuoky, who will mend r Madrid
I without delay, sea make another and teal attempt to obtain
junco from that goverment. Spanish officials, ander the
deem matzol of the Captain-General of Cuba, hen Insulted
our anneal aser, and, fa repeated instances, have from time
to time Misted inerlas se the pewees awl property of our
ninon Thies have given ben to numerous ageing
the Snake gewesumset, the merits of whieb have be..
ably discern fora swiss ad by our soccenve diplo-
matic repneentatives. Notwtthdending this, we bare not
snivel at • yeaotteal rank is any erne Lunen anew we
may rune the ease of the Black Warrior, eager the Isle
adminletnelen maid that preened an anew el beech a
cbarcein as would have Junes& an Lamellate neon to war.
All our attempts to obtain redress ban been baled and de-
feated. The frequent and oft-revering nines In the
Boutin meson for delay.
We tweeter" ha"
to it.:ll°, :aed Wit, lain the
sew rankle shall have bad time to 'avenges the judos of
our demand,.

The claims are of fourteen years standing, in whici
about one hundred American citizens are interested
for duties illegally exacted at Cuba are brought for-
ward, and it is complained that instead of &Just reed-
tatioe of the original sum extorted, with interest, about
one-third of the amount is offered, and that as a special
favour. The President also points out as au intolerable
that while injustice is freely done at
glee; ase= Americans demanding justioe are referred
to Madrid. Then comes the following important
POOP
Timm& Is, that Cabe, to tie extensor Olkefili einillea,
is a ss fMeats ammo et Wary est easeyeeee b tie Ammeter'
pr±L Mike may est M the *MIMI merit whom the
shoe nob le MINN ; ead we are heed brim*,
1141 k BONY w todatela a salmi twee ea the mon of
AAM," atm& tammeliMit et Mead treesara, mid/ Ibr
et aneMbi ahem bore se Met hind. The lees
memo anlealthe booms the tried asteeesi &oat Uremia
710Paldisi the Agin of low* sew so beapny terobseted,
coati mow hem vino If Cabe had mob misread a umiak,

slaves. As long as this market shell remain open, there
can be no hope for the civilisation of benighted Attlee.
Whilst the deemed tor slaves matinees in Cubs, wars will
be waged among the petty and barbarous chide in Africa,
for the purpose& seizing subjects to supply this trade. in
such a eoadltlm of "faire, it to Impreeible that the light of
civilisation and religion one ever persecute them dark Oxides.
It hen been msde lmown to the world by my predecessors,
that the United States have, on several occasions, endea-
voured to esquire Cabe hem Spain by honourable nePtiation.
If this went acoonspahed, the Mat reboot the African slue
trade would instantly disappear. We would not, if we could,
acquire Cuba in any other manner. This is due to our
national ohmmeter. All the territory which we have ac-
quired discs the origin of the government has been
by fair pnrcosse from Francs, Spain, and Mexico, or
by the lees and volentary set of the independent ISMS of
Texas. In blending her destinies with our own. This
course we shell ever prune, unless circumstances should
occur, which we de not now anticipate, rendering a departure
from it clearly justifiable, under the imperative anti over-
ruling law of self-preservation. The island of Cubs, from
its geographical position, commands the month of the
Missigempi, and the innamee and annually kereastag trade,
foreign and *outwits, from the valley of that noble river,
now embracing kelt the sovereign states of the anion. With
that islud miler the dominion of a distant foreign power,
this trade, of vital impetuses to theme Masan I. cooed to
the danger of being destroyed in time of war, and it has
hitherto been subjected to perpetual injury and ainnoyance In
time of pea. Oar adenoma with Spain, which ought to be
of the most friendly character, must always be prised in
jeopardy whilst the existing colonial government over
the island shell remain In It. present condition., Whilst
the pomiesion of the Stud would be of 'pet im-
portance to the United States, iis value to opts ja,
comparatively, unimportant. Such was the reiallunehien-
don of the parties when the great Napoleon transtiveff
Louisiana to the United States. Jealous, as he ever was,
of the national honour and interests of France, no person
throughout the world has imputed blame to him for accept-
ing a pecuniary equtvalent foe this wesloy, The publicity
which has hese given to our former negodes upon this
sebjeet, sad the large appropriation which may be required
to earn the purpose, render it expedient, talons making
'weber attempt to resew the negotiation, that I should lay
the whole subject before Congress. This is especially neer
eery se it may become indimenable to success that I should
be Ultramed with the means of making an advance to the
Spada government Immediately after the signing of the
treaty, without amidst( the ratification &ft by the seises.
Jrseassonel to nab this slagged/ea by the ample
of M. Jansen previous to the purcham of LWms from
France, and by that of Mir. Polk In view of the acquisition
of territory hem Maxim. I refer the whole subjeot to Con-
green and "'.amend it to their easeful conaidsratien.
The President notices at some length the capture
of the slaver Echo, and the subsequent restoration of
her cargo of three hundred negroes to Africa., by an
arrangement with the Colonisation Society, but con-
fines himself to a statement of the facts.
Respecting the recommendation made in his mes-
sage of laat December in favour of an appropriation
"to be paid to the Spanish government for the pur-
pose of distribution among the claimants in the
Amsted case," the President reviews the state and
position of Mexico, their direct interest in all that
concerns which, from their geographical position and
their well settled policy in regard to the South
American continent, rendered it an indispensable
duty. Hs says the truth is that this fine country,
blessed with a productive soil and a benign climate,
has been reduced by civil dissension to a condition
of almost hopeless anarchy and imbecility, and that
it would be vain for his government to attempt to
enforoe paymeat in money of the claims of American
°hisses, now amounting to more than ten millions
of dollars, because she is destitute of all pecuniary
means to satisfy those demands. As a set-off to all the
claims and grievances which he considers undoubt•
edly. furnish abundant cause for resorting to hostilities
against the government still holding possession of
the capital,which if it should succeed in subduing the
constitutional forces would destroy all reasonable
hope of a peaceful settlement of their claims, the
President suggests that the government of the
United States should assume a temporary protec-
tante over the northern portions of Chihuahua and
Sonora, and to establish military poets within the
same—the protection to be withdrawn as soon as
local government shall be established in those Mexi-
can States capable of performing their duties to the
Called States, restraining the lawless, and pre-
serving peace along the border. He also repeats
his recommendation for the estahliahment of a ter-
ritorial government at Arizona, which numbers more
than ten thousand souls, is practically without a
government, or laws, or any regular administration
of justice= disorder and crimes being permitted with
impunity. The question of the political condition of
the narrow isthmus of Central America, through
which transit routes puss between the Atlantic and
Pacific oceans, he considers a subject of deep in-
terest to all commercial nations. To the
United States he says they are of invalu-
able importance, their possessions extending
throughout seventeen degrees on the Pacific
coast, embraeing the important state of Cali-
fornia and the flourishing territories of Oregon
and Washington. He considers that the states in
whose possession these mutes are have no right to
arrest or retard their use by other nations any more
than if they were arms of the sea, for that they are
highways, m whtch they have little in interest when
compared with the vast interests of the world.
He earnestly recommends to Congress the
of as act authorising the President, =CT!:
restrictions as they may deem proper, to employ the
land and naval forces of the Caked States in pre-
venting the transit from being obstructed or closed
by lawless violence, and in protecting the lives and
property of American citizens travelling thereupon,
requiring at the same time that those forces shall be
withdrawn the moment the danger shall have pawed
away. The Panama and Tehuantepec route, he says
alio requires similar protection.
- -

The President recapitutatee the griefs of the
United States government against Costa Rica and
Nicaragua, arising out of the transaction at Virgin
Bay, in April, 1858, when, the country being then in
a state of war, with General William Walker in the
land, some American citizens, alleged by the Presi-
dent to have been unarmed, were fired upon and
numbers were killed and wounded. The President
says that long negotiations have taken place, and
unless his demands are complied with " other mea-
sures" will be resorted to. The difficulties with
New Granada are represented as being in a fair way
of arrangement.
With the Empire of Brazil the relations of the
United States are "of the most friendly character,"
but the export duty of 10 per cent. on coffee is re-
presented as prejudicing the trade between the two
countries. .

-----
Nothing new is said about the expedition to Para-
guay. A hope is expressed that the Commiasioner
who accompanies the naval fortes will convince the
Paraguayan government that it is bound to inake,
voluntarily and promptly, atonement for the wrongs
done to American citizens, in connexion with the
attack on the steamer Water Witch. Shoald this
hope be disappointed, force mast be employed to ob-
tain " just satisfaction" (these words are ides distin-
guished by inverted commas in the Message) from
Paraguay. But the President repeats his hope that
this will not be neomearv.
The Commercial Weis of last winter is thus ad-
verted to:

-iibadsogran nal Is Dorsky IN tin booboo al
fhb onatry hod jos boos mann sao ad non Periodical
orralains aoliab•wo dl. Soonlatio edosoranso at oar
moons& gni sonansrat arum if bun imam nod
lased annan. WO al Na damn of sialosai
swan I. olsadasoo. war norallanona won
oar nodal pedalo and pilaw odsos nee Ma
shonosio ad al suipliment sad
midacei tio weal...Cawood Voiya; pronaod
aossarolat, nossennig, aad usobssion aro&
tendons vas kik lin M. abo Won Dior
boson iodise ono Ind no lib, dogiorobis aeon
=igiao satins ,olt Inn" AU IMO
sod nano r obi min lb. Or nun-
hosnan anor sallmood annek noll • boolono
no us* la no kad11,.014 dodio kr
SIM bat ins oraa donanliAry
prim Ile &dr poodiallan. TIN ON* son to
vasslat • Ibmion. dadt
=•=t4s. ipmerafterbebirmAremird
non thus may Gan clan asd lank olostindas lbo !
issoltabio aosornosoo mass no rat radarwark-
ars win lhod ass azdoci is viola brawn d
oar belustry. Miro sap* urban thin woo
ao Aar.d. To neon at szsZe, lb.. sand bo as it