The Express.
London, England, 1860-01-11 00:00:00

SARDINIA.

(71101 0171 OWN COAUU?OKDIST.)

TURIN, Jar. 6.
I do not know what sort of impression will be
produced in Europe by the suspension of the Con-
grew' and hr the ilLmht whether it can ever meet.
Here, and throughout Central Italy. the news is coo-
metered of the beet augury. The princes, people say
here, will remain distal:award. and Piedmont will be
releasc,l from the unpleasant predicament of having
to wait for the resaintion of the Congress. 'ihe
Sardinian Government had ■o intimation until
yesterday of Walew,ki's resignation. Three doing°
• *l.lg/qt.:II from that minister to Prices LWOW
d'Auvergue announced that the adjournment of
the Congress would not be for long. Some litters
ft'm Paris inform as, that WIdOWSkI so completely
relied upon the Emperor's giving him the power of
reu.urir.g V onus an d Rome by means of some public
act concerning La Ouerouni4re's pamphlet, that he
urged this notion of his more than prudence required,
and was accordingly obliged to resign his portfolio.
As for Piedmont and the whole of Italy, the Retire-
ment of this functionary is viewed with great satis-
faction, for i.e
sympathy with the national Italian come. This
Istirg of his, however, was a part of his
general system of policy. It was he who, in
the cabinet of Napoleon 111., appeared to be, or
thvught hiinselt, destined to reconcile the principles
of legitimacy with those of the revolution. Hewn
French oiplomacy resembled a voltaic pile with two
carreots—the one positive, the other negative. One
sod of t►e wire lay in the Tuileries, the other is the
ministry of Foreign Affairs on the Boulevard doe
Capncin, Concerning M. Thoutreoel, it is known
for certain that he is unlavoorably disposed towards
Austria. There r a ramoer here that the
Minister of Worship at Parte is on the point of re-
signing, now that be perceives the policy of his
sovereign towards Rome will diverge too much from
the spirit of the circulars sent on various occasions
to the bisbops of the empire. From all this many
are induced to believe that Napoleon, being reassured
of Knit'antes friendship, has resolved upon adopting
• bolder and clearer policy towards Vienna and
Rome.

I am aware that in England you are not particu-
larly desirous of hating a °mimes, and I myself not
long age informed yea of the Italian feeling gene-
rall on that matter ; but I do not wish to conceal
tram j my own opinion, and I frankly moat own
that I udently with a congress to assemble, for it
you d be the death and burial of the Vienna one, of the
international principles there and then sanctioned. I
do Lit mean to my the new congress will proclaim any
new axioms of State, but it will de lock sanction the
conviction of the world, that all armed intervention
against the wish of the people themselves is unlawful
and unjust ; it will esneel at one blow the juridical
system of the Holy Alliance, and then European
publie law will cease to be opposed, as every one
now perceives it is, to the solemn principles of liberty
and Justice. Austria and Home ban long foreseen
this result, so that they would have gone to the Con-
gress as the adder does to the charmer. They now
think themselves fortunate, and are heartily glad of
the pretext so unexpectedly given them for declining
to appear. However, everything depends once
more on Napoleon's decision. If he wishes
a congress, he will threaten Vienna, Naples,
and Home and they will be sure to go, considering
that the lesser evil of the two. If Napoleon does not
wish it, we may be sure that he has in his mind
Mb, other mode of settling the affairs of Italy. One
thing is certain, and this is that the pamphlet on the
Pope and the Congress is again inspiring the Italian*
wita perfectconfidence in the Emperor of the French,
a conhdence all bat annihilated by Ste peace of
Villafranes. The contest he is now entering upon
is far more dangerous than the one with Austria ;
to conquer the obstinacy of the Pope will be
more arduous than it was to gain battles
like thole of Magenta and Solferino. I used
often to say to you in my letters that the con-
duct of Napoleon towards the Pope and the
clergy was more skilful than that of any prince
since Pepin. Ido not think anyone will gainsay this
opinion of mine, if Napoleon does succeed in solving
the great problem of the day, that of the Pope's
temporal power. It is important not to lose sight of
the fact. that the Emperor finds himself in presence
of Pio IX. a man infinitely more obstinate and
fanatical than Pius VII. was. In these few months
put, the more France has begged and prayed him to
concede ample reforms the more has he shown him-
self opposed to them. Yon may look upon it ea cer-
tain that Cardinal Antonelli wu going to the Con-
gnu with special instructions to protest and then
retire, the instant there arose the question
of the Pope's dominion over the Bornague. During
the interval of anticipated delay the cardinal seat off
instructions to all the mayors of every town in the
dominions still belonging to the Pope, desiring them
to get up petitions to his Holiness, in which the
people were to declare their wish to oontinue under
his gentle and mild government. It is only fair that
England should know the truth about this direpu-
table manoeuvre. It ought to be known there, too,
that the mole proprio from Gaeta in 1849 did, it is
true, create communal councils by an electoral eye-
tem, not very ample though reasonable, but that
it has never been practically carried oat. And
because the elections were renewable every third
year, an soon ea the proper time came
round, Cardinal Antooelli sent off a circular
to the legates and delegates of the provinces, telling
them that the elections were not to be held. The
present communal councils consist merely of the
nominees of the government, and the mayors are
selected in each case by the Sovereign himself. Not-
withstanding all this, the petitions are not going on
so favourably as the clerical party wish. At An-
cona, the mayor or gonfaloniere, the Marquis del
Monte, a men quite at the beck of the priests, vett-
tared to put his signature by itself to a petition.
which he sent off to the Pope, and in which he
spoke in the name of the whole wawa and
the entire city. But the greater part of
the council have protested in writing against
thus proceeding of their mayor, area declared
thatthey repudiate the petition as being no work of
theirs. At Sesi and Macerate the communal council
refused to get up any petition at all. In Rome itself
they still persevere in the enlistment of mercenaries
of every nation. Cardinal Wiseman, now residing
there, has promised several thousands from Ireland.
They hope to raise a force of 20,000 men—who, by
the bye, if ever collected, will oat as much
60,000 on account of the bounty, high pay, and fr
quest deerrtions. ton the other hand, it is hard tone*
how they will manage to preserve discipline among
such a medley of troops, and where they are to find
superior officers of proper ability, honesty, and
authority. I think this boasted array of 20,000 men
will turn out to be mere moonshine—a cerebral
illusion of the fanatics of Monte Cavallo. I
leave out the difficulties of scraping together ra-
tios. for such a ford beyond a very abort time in-
deed. For the rest, if the Congress does come off,
Count (',your has pledged bim.elf to the Pontifical
Llittiune that he will raise his voice in their
lit against the continuum of this media'val
tyranny and darkness whisk so oppresses and be-
wilders them ; against this diepotic system that lets
loose armed foreign reeresaaries against the citizen.,
and pap its hirelings with moony extorted from
thou very citizens.

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