The Express.
London, England, 1867-09-30 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY XVENING, SEPTEMBER 30,

I years hack, and, being used to these remarks,
paid them no great attention ; hew* the news
that the Credit Mobilier were in urgent want of
assistance, and that their difficulties were the
theme of daily comment in the newspapers, pro-
duced more than ordinary sensation.
It is worth remarking the difference between a
purely mercantile crisis and one affecting those
classes who may be said to be out of the ordinary
range of large commercial affairs. The contrast
in this respect as regards 1857 and 1866 ;1 com-
plete. Ten years ago there were many failures,
but apart from one or two tottering country banks
mercantile firms alone suffered. Day after day,
three, four, or five additional suspensions were
announced. It might have been justly thought
that credit would not revive for many years. Yet
in the course of a few months business was on the
same footing as before. In 1866 we had scarcely
any mercanti'e failures ; but, on the other band,
a few large companies collapsed for individually
enormous amounts. In 1857 the loss fell chiefly
unon merchants and other traders ; is 1866
upon that vast section of the middle classes
sem know nothing of business, and measure
the value of a security solely by the dividends
paid, whether earned or not. It consequently
happened that after the crisis of 1857 confidence
was easily revived. A merchant is always pre-
pared to hear of a failure ; he knows perfectly well
that, even with the greatest caution, it is impos-
sible to arcane bad dents—to provide against them
is one of the ordinary expenses of his business.
But he also knows equally well that fur one corre-
spondent who stops payment twenty-nine are per-
:ectly safe. He does not, on 'mount of the stop-
page of the one, deprive all the others of credit.
The exceptional failure is, in fact, to be accepted
as an unavoidable casualty in the general way of
business. It is different, however, with persons
unacquainted with business. They hear that a
company has failed, and at once come to the con-
clusion that all companies are good for nothing.
Again, a notoriously insolvent railway is unable
to pay its debentures ; straightway railway deben-
tures are pronounced to be valueless though
issued by some leviathan undertaking whose credit
is as good as that of any concern in the king-
dom. The merchant also, as we have said, takes
the misfortune of a loss as a matter of course. He
has laid up against it, and says no more about the
matter than he can help. On the other hand,
when a clergyman or a widow loses the savings
of years in a discount or other company—and
they often put the wnole of their money into one
concern—the news spreads among fifty families ;
there are pitiful, often too truly pitiful, accounts of
distress ; perhaps a subscription, and with it, as a
corollary, a fixed determination among every sub-
scriber to have nothing to do with any mercantile
or financial undertaking, whether public or private,
speculative or substantial.
This sort of feeling wears off in time, but on
this occasion it promises to last longer than usual.
At present the date fixed for the likelihood of a
revival in trade and confidence is the release of
the dividends in the middle of October. Money
will certairly be then more abundant than has
been ever known, but whether commerce, parti-
cularly at home, will be increased by this unusual
plethora is an open question. Judging from the
past, the indications do not appear over favourable.

OUR OONTEMPORARIES.
(THIS DAY.)

perhaps in the shape of fresh reckleseness and boundless
expectations, to be followed once men by panic, repent•
ewe, and elayastion.

TOPICS.

The Times ridicules the late Fenian vvngress at Cleve-
land, representing all the leaden as knaves and the rest as
dupes. The one object of the managers is to make their
fortunes. Eventually, it may be hoped, the conspiracy
will perish by the roguery of the chief conspirators ; but
Irish susceptibility and credulity have no determin►ble
bounds, and the Irish people, at home and abroad, may not
grow tired of paying blackms,l drung the present gen •
ration.

The Mould treats the method in the me strain, except
that it sees mischief in Fenianism from its American mu-
nition. If England is discomforted, it is not because of
Fenians, but of those who use Feniarr.—who speak of
Irish republics in their fin communications, and take
credit to themselves for friendly dispositions in protecting
us from designs which only exist upon the- sufferance.
The late violent anti-American article hi the Standard
is followed to-day by one of a different character, which
commences in the following terms:—" We have much
pleasure in offering an apology to Mr. Seward. We have
unintentionally done him a gross injustice. An error of
dates, for which the New York press is responsible, has led
us to put an erroneous interpretation on his policy, and we
make haste to remove the wrong impression that our com-
ments may have created." The Standard then goes on to
urge that even if the effect of the decision in the American
snit should be mienst us, and cost us one or two millions
sterling, it might ultimately be a great gain to us, as the
practice of sending out cruisers to belligerent powers from
neutral porta would tell particularly spinet us.
As the Pon interprets the new instructions issued to vo-
lunteers, the civil authorities may require volunteer in
case of serious disturbances, or having for their object the
commission of felonious acts, or the subversion of the go-
vernmert, to use weapons which have confessedly been
entrusted to their bands solely to be used against a foreign
foe. The Post vex/ much questions the soundness of this
decision.

The frightful scenes in Calabria dating the lete visit of
the cholera, where men suspected by the fanatical and
ignorant populace of miming the plague by poison were
mutilated and backed to pieces, are described by the Times,
which observes that with a people of such temper the
ruler's task is no one. It is but little that the
Italian government can be expected to achieve with the
present race, but the responsibility of the rising genera-
tion lies with it alone. The chief moons of the horrors
referred to is the little town of Ardore.

Commenting on the opposing news of insanity which
appeared in the trial of the Frenchman Bordier last
week, the Daily Pass corns@ to the conclusion that
though the convict was under the influence of
benighted judgment, there is not the slightest reason to
think that be was the victim of any hallucination, or that
the will was in abeyanoe. It was simply misdirected by
false theones. He was satisfied with what he had done,
thinking as he did about the future. But be knew
that society and the law condemned and punished as
wrong what be had con opted himself into thinking right ;
and in violating their injunctions he justly incurred the
penalties they assign. It is the object of laws to prevent
evil/ man from doing any and every wickedness which
a false tiew of vie may make right in his eyes. He who
set.' them, and the common convictions and feelings of
human nature, at nought, courts the punishment of which
they have forewarned him.

Examining the discussion in which Mr. Lytton, our
secretary of legation at Lisbon, has taken an active part
relative to the manufacture of port wine, the Times comes
to the conclusion that the wine exported from Portugal to
this country through a long coons of years, has had arti-
ficial additions made to Be natural qualities simply to con-
sult the English taste. The British importers, again, were
guided by the demands of their customers, and both sown
to have been practically in accord with the Portugt.ese
authorities. It was the old story—the people desired dr •
lusion, and it had to be deluded.

Cite Court.

BALMORLL, Sr.a 28.

The Queen, accompanied by Prinoees Lonnie,
and attended by Lady Churchill and Major-General Sir
Thomas Biddulph, returned yesterday afternoon from
GlenAddich-lodge.
Prince and Princess Christian and Prince Arthur went
out driving.

Despatches were received on Saturday at the Colorial-
offioe from the Governors of the West Indian lolanda, New
Zealand, and Heligoland. Despatches were ant to the
Governors of the North American Provinces aid Bermuda.

The Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Pruabia,
accompanied by their youthful family, ars expected to
arrive in London, on their way to Windsor Castle, about
the 16th of the ensuing month. In all probability their
arrival will be some d►ys later, but their royal highnesses
are expected to be at Windsor a few days before the Queen'.
return from Scotland.

The Duchess of Marlborough and Lady Cornelis
Churchill, after a tour of visits in Ssotland, will arrive at
Blenheim early in the present week. The duke is still
waking in his yacht, and will arrive at Blenheim towards
the end of the present month.

Viscount and Viscountess Amberley intend to
prolong their tour in America till the second week in
January. The last letters received in town from his lord-
ship announced that they wen enjoying their American
tour, and were in good health.

The Bishop of London entertained at dinner on
Friday evening last at 8 o'clock, at Fulham Palace, the
Presiding Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church of
the United States, the Bishop of Oxford, the Bishop of
Lincoln, the Bishop of Chester and Mrs. Jacobson, the
Bishop of Ohio and Miss ienTain., the Bishop of New
York and Miss Potter, the Bishop of Rhode Island, the
Bishop of North Carolina and Mrs. Atkinson, the Bishop
of Argyle and the Isles, the Bishop of lowa, the Bishop of
Indiana, the Bishop of Arkansas, Bishop Bedell (of Ohio)
and Mn. Bedell, the United States Missionary Bishop of
China, the Bishop of Texas, the Bishop of Maseachusetts,
the Bishop of Illinois, the Rev. E. Fisher, and several
other Mends. Covers were laid for 42. This was the last
of the five " great &noses" of the week in honour of the
American bishops.

Lord Stanley and Lord H. Gordon Lennox left
town on Saturday for Knowsley, in order to join the party
graying with the Earl and Countess of Derby during the
visit of the Queen of the Netherlands. His lordship
returns to town on Wednesday next.

- -
Lady Herbert (of Lea) and Lady Mary HerbeTt
are staying on a visit with Lewd and Lady Lindsay at Echt,
their seat in Aberdeenshire.

Admiral and Mn. Parragut, accompanied by
Lieutenant• Commander J. Crittenden Watson, Dr. J. M.
Folts, Mr. de Linsey Kane, and a numerous party, have
arrived at the Clarendon Hotel from Copenhagen.
Mr. Da Cane, M.P., has hs:t tou n for his seat in
Eases for a few weeks.

Earl Vane has met with • warm reception at
Cernlough, in the north of Ireland, after his return from
Bt. Petersburg, where be bad been on a special mission
appointed to twofer the illustrious order of the garter on
the Emperor of Russia.

Archbishop Manning preached yesterday at St.
Mary's catholic church, Bayswater. In the course of his
sermon he referred to the Pan-Anglican Synod and the
crisis in Rome. With respect to the Pan-Anglican Synod,
Archbishop Manning looked upon such an assembly, and
the desire of its promoters, as indicatious of England Ai-
siring to have bestowed upon it that truth and unity which
be declared was only to be found in the church of God."
He thought it might reasonably be believed that if these
things continued, posterity would see " the church of God
once more spread over England."

Some recent regulations in Russia on the subject
of smoking are calculated to interfere considerably with
the enjoyment of lovers of the weed. The object of the
ukase is to diminish the risk of fire at railway stations and
warehouses, and to promote the comfort of ladies and
other non-smoking travellers. Any one smoking in the
refreshment-room, while travellers are there, in the lug-
gage or custom-house aloes, or on the platforms, is now
liable to ► fine act exmoding tea rouble. ; and any person
smoking in aka or mooed clam cordage, not set apart for
the purpose, is liable to a fine of one nimble. A copy of
these rules—which apply to every railway in the empire—
is to be put sp in every station.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

GARIBALDI AS A PRISONER.

The continental papers publish a variety of de-
tails respecting the arrest of Garibaldi, and sub-
sequent proceedings. As the Debate observes, the
recital is unique :
The general wishes to conquer Rome ; the soldiers who
arrest him and their chiefs are no more friendly to the
temporal power than he is. The people who see the
prisoner pass ; the employes on the railway by which he
travels ; the guardians of the fortress to which he is taken
—all think exactly as he does, and lavish upon him proofs
of their respect and sympathy. The captive, instead of
trying to escape, to struggle, or even to protest, allows
himself to be conducted to prison as though ho were
being taken to a banquet over which he was to preside.

At Pistola there was a crowd of men devoted to
him. He had only, says the Florence Gazette, to
lift his hand to be set free ; he did not do it. At
Alesaandria the soldiers who filled the court of the
citadel cried with enthusiasm, " Viva Garibaldi !"
Three of Garibaldi's friends, MM. Liberio, Bot-
tero, and Pugno, who obtained permission to see
him at Alesaandria, have published in the Turin
Gazette an account of their interview. They found
him reading the " Decade "of Livy. The narra-
tive says :
Not a word of anger escaped him against the authors of
the arrest. During the two hours we were with him
the conversation turned upon the Roman question, history,
and literature. "They talk," said he, "of getting to
Rome by moral means. Do you believe that such means
will ever cut the Gordian knot r " No," we answered,
" Well," said he, " tell Italy by every means in your
power, that the Roman question will be settled by Italian
steel, and not by the moral paths of any ministry what-
ever. Above all, let it be known that the Roman
question is not solved by my arrest. Tell Turin
that she knows what she has to do ; she has
given proofs of it many times." Then, turring to
Major Chien, he said, " Tell Milan that I h►ve never ceased
tabs with her, and that now I hops much from the Milanese.
Believe me, despite the effort, of go►ernments, and un-
friendly and perfidious plots abroad, Italy will be the
first nation in the world, were it only through its
noble past. Stand on the Place of St. Peter; question
with the look and mind those eloquent souve-
nirs; carry yourself back to the time of the
Brutnses and the Cami"as, and say to yourself with pride,
I too, am an Italian. 0 what a noble republic. was that
Roman republic ! What men it contained ! Think of the
time when poor Rome, the battle lost, sent its legions to
Spain, and on the same day put up to public auction
the Roman territory, occupied by Hannibal, and there
were great citizens who bought it at the highest
pries. We, on the contrary, hesitate to approach the
Eternal City, where we are defied by feeble and con-
temptible enemies. 0, I assure you, my friends, that when
the day comes on which we put the foot upon the Vatican
that day will be the most beautiful of my life, and then I
shall be willing to die." The General at this moment
seemed inspired and his fans to be transfigured by his
enthusiasm.

The French liberal jouvaals continue to write in
very strong terms against any intervention on
behalf of the papal power.

COUNT BISMARCK AND HESSE DARM-
STA DT.

It will be remembered that only a poi tion of
the Grand Duchy of Hesse Darmstadt is at present
united to the Northern Confederation. Some
months ago the local chamber voted the annexation
of the entire state. The Grand Duke sought to
obtain from the Upper Chamber a contrary
vote, and to secure it, his confidential minister,
M. de Dalwick, declared that the Prussian
government would view any proposition of
annexation with the greatest displeasure. This
assertion Count Bismarck allowed to pass uncontra-
dieted, but last week he affirmed, in answer to a
question in the Prussian Chamber, that M. de Dal-
wick was completely mistaken as to the intentiors
of the Prussian government. "M. de Bis-
marck," says the Avenir National, "in ready,
then, to receive any Southern State which desires
to enter the Confederation. He hesitated,—he
hesitates no longer."

SPAIN.