The Express.
London, England, 1860-04-07 00:00:00

" has to fulfil over the greater part II the
" Christiana."

The HOLY Fars= sets out by presenting al
lofty conception of • Church, from which its high y
prerogatives are easily deduced. But all at once
descending from the region of abstract ideas, he be-
comes historical, alighting, not by accident, on the
eighth century. We are prepared by his opening
for something sublime and poetical, but get no
further than the second sentence before we are
addressed in the language of diplomacy touching
" guarantees in accordance with the necessity of
" the times." Now, heretics as we are,
we are quite ready to hear the Pon
discuss his temporal power, either accord-
ing to the theory or the fact, historically or
on principle ; but we see no hope of enlightenment
in this muddling together of the two. If it is
necessary that the Catholic Church, in order that
it may fulfil the end of its institution in the
everlasting salvation of mankind, should be ex-
alted above the civil power, how are we to ac-
count for the fact that centuries were allowed to
elapse before it attained this distinction T How
account for the yet more striking fact, that the
great triumphs of Christisnity—the overthrow of
Roman idolatry for instance—were effected by a
church in chains I A writer who is entitled to com-
pliment his Maker on the wisdom of His adminis-
tration of the world might have told us why it
was good that the lovers of THIODOZA and
MAROZIA should have exercised a temporal
power which had been denied to Pwraa.
Looking at the history of the earliest and best
days of the Church we are quite unable to discover
that the temporal authority of the Pore is neces-
sary to the salvation of souls. If we interrogate
facts the evidence is quite on the other side. For
whereas until the time of PIM and CHAILLZKAONE
the bishopric of Rome had been held by pastors
of learning, ability, and piety, no sooner had
these Princes enriched the Popedom with the
fruits of their Italian conquests—among them this
very Romagna over which Pius IX. now laments—
than the Papal chair became an object of suc-
cessful ambition to men who sullied their
office with the most debasing and atrocious crimes.
With few exceptions, the Pores of the 9th andlOth
centuries shocked mankind with their scandalous
vices. For several years two prostitutes gave
away the papal dignity, and amidst • series of re-
volutionssix Popes were deposed and twomurdered.
Such were the first consequences of the extension
of the temporal power of the Bishop of Rome.
We cannot admit that they are in harmony with
the idea from which the Pore in this letter
sets out. But his Holiness also argues from
the fact, " Thus it happened, and thus,
" therefore, it was ordered by GOD." But
this argument will not serve the Pors in the least.
If the intentions of Providence are to be inferred
from the course of history, then clearly it was
never intended that the Porn should exercise a
direct sovereign authority in Romagna. As
M. Done observed, in the French Senate, last
week, " The Pore has hardly ever had more than
" the rights of a suzerain in Romagna, and the
" capitulation of Bologna, signed in 1447 by Pope
" NicoLui V., constituted this town • real
" republic, attached to the Sovereign Pontiffs by
" • merely nominal bond, and by the presence of
" • Legate, who was honorary President of the
" Government, while the administration and
" finances of the country were in the hands of
" elective magistrates." This is the arrangement
which Pius IX. haughtily rejected when it was
offered to him after the peace of Villafranca.
Convenient as it may be to Rome to transfer to
its earthly advantages the sacredness which man-
kind is ever ready to recognise in spiritual
duties, the fact is not to be concealed that its
temporal power has been from time to time reco-
vered, maintained, and extended by the same arta
as that of profane rulers. As soon as the Popes
became secular princes they put on both the
virtues and the vices of their contemporaries.
The beginnings of their governments were recom-
mended by their mildness and public spirit at
a time of selfishness and strife. As long as it
suited them they enjoined on their people fidelity
to the Emperors at Constantinople, but when one of
these disagreed with them about image worship, they
had no scruple in encouraging the Romans to re-
nounce the Imperial authority and constitute a
republic, of which the real power devolved on the
Papacy. Just as little did they stick at recognising
the tlc facto Government of the Csazovosorsris,
although the lawful King of FRANCE was alive, and
they had their reward from PATIN and CRADLE-
maaNr. The possessions of the Pontiffs again and
again fell into the hands of petty chiefs, and
were recovered at various times by the arta of
policy, by fraud and intrigue, by encouraging
rivalry and faction, and generally by outdoing their
enemies in treachery. There is, then, nothing
to take the temporal power of the Pope out
of the ordinary conditions of all secular rule.
The first subjects of the Popes gave them a willing
obedience because they said, "It is better to be
" under the crozier of a Bishop than the sceptre
" of a King." But bishops have changed since that
time, and so have kings, and the people of Ro-
magna have had good cause to conclude that there
is to be found under the sceptre of Vicroa
EXUANUEL that protection and legality which
Pius IX. cannot afford them. Now as all the
world knows that they are right, it appears to us
that the Pore has done an unspeakably foolish
thing in issuing a letter charging those who have
delivered them—not from his rule—but from the
rule of the Austrian generals who shot them down
like dogs or tortured therein secret dungeons, with a
" great profanation " and with " violating the
" laws of GOD." The charge of profanity rather
falls on those who speak of "the Holy Spirit
" and the most holy Apostles Perim and PAUL"
in connexion with the detestable administration

of Cardinal ANTONZLLI. Weshallsoonlearnwh.atthe
effect of this pitiable exhibition of spiritual rancour
has been in Italy. In the meantime, we hope the
day is not far distant when the millions of Italy
will be able to learn for themselves what the
Holy Spirit has revealed about the nature of the
Church and the sources of her spiritual power.

RECRE,,ANTATION OW HARWICH. The three
liberal candidates, Mr. Tbmwatio, Mr. Brett, and Mr.
Maintain Chambers, are en before the constituency, while
the coo...natives bare win* waited all their stnngth in
favour of the Has. R. T. Bawley. The latter gentlemen
will in all probability be niternerl unless the liberals can
heal their differences, &Wiseman their section'.
Naval, Rtrallita.—in an article on this eubect,
}male) no the statement of the Surveyor of the Navy.
that at the nil of fifteen years on an avenge this hull of
each ship in the navy requires eceeplete and extensive
repair. and that the distance of • ship of war assent
be estimated at more than thirty pan, the Are, cad
Nury (Male rye " The surveyor took far heAusdente
the avenge of the tee years been late to 1110 n whoa
thirty dive ships of the use and forty-sit frigates were re-
moved from the effective list id the navy. We much fear that
none of our 'converted' ships, am indeed any of our
finest specimens of naval architecture, will stand the wear
do tear for the periods wanted to them by the naval sur-
veyr ; and it is eupposed. when he made the above dam-
meant he alluded to the duration of mai/Mg ships only, for
we have bail • few warnings lately as to the future fate of
our Victories, Hewes, Duneans. and Diadems, hy the in-
' troduction steam into ships of WM'. We have found
that, instead of requiring a complete repair race in fifteen
years only, as many months are sometimes snakiest to send
a ship into dock."

Cbe Court...

IVINDSOR/CASTLE,Woon FRIDAT.
WM Queen fend Prince Consort, the Prince at
Wale, Prisms Mice, Prince Alfred, and Priasees
Leimn-
gee, stSendedvdirine service this morning in the rptivato
chapel.

The Hon. and Very Rev. the Dean of Windsor and the
Rev. W. L. Onslow officiated and administered the Holy
Sacrament.

Priam Arthur and the Princesses Helena and Louisa, the
ladies and gentlemen of the court, and the domestic house.
hold, also attended divine service.

Lord and Lady Wodehouee have left town for
the Royal Victoria Hotel, St. Leonard's-on-Sea, for the
MONS.

The Right Hon. Earl De Grey and Ripon has
arrived 4 Studley Hall, Yorkshire.
Mr. Wise, M.P. for Stafford, will be entertained
by his constituents at a public dinner on the 11th instant.
We are sorry to learn that Lord Valentin has
lately received swore injuries by a fall from his hone.
The Earl of Airlie was re-installed on Thursday
Lord Rector of Harisolsal College, Aberdeen. He addressed
the students and a numerous audience in the hall of the
college. The student, entertained hie lordship at a ban.
quet in the afternoon.

_
Sir Charles Eastlake has submitted a scheme to
the academicians for placing the Royal Academy on a
rimilar footing to a university ; the academicians to be the
senate, and the whole body of competent artists the cor-
poration.

_
At the request of an eminent lady, Mr. E. G.
Papworth took a cast from Mn. Jameson's face after death.
Tbis east is to be used, we (oligeacenns) believe, in preparing
a bust of the dammed.

Mr. Foley has completed his statue of Caractacus,
which will immediately be placed at the Mansion House,
London. This artist has also received the commission to
execute a statue of Goldsmith, to be placed in Trinity Col•
lege, Dublin.

The names of some of the beat engravers were
lately submitted to the Queen for her decision es to who
should be employed to engrave the recently-executed por-
traits, by Winterhalter, of herself and the Prince Consort.
Her Majeety decided upon Meows. Coupons and Bellin.
Mr. Swift, whose beginnings as a tenor singer
were so promising, has returned to this country, for the
present disabled from pursuing his profession, owing to bed
health.

Mr. Leigh Murray ia engaged at the Atlelphi
Theatre, where he will shortly arks his appearance.
Mr. and Dirs. Charles Kean have, it is said,
just entered into an enpgsmeat with Mr. E. T. Bnuth to
appear 24 night. at l)rury.laee Theatre, and will, according
to present arrangements, commence their performances
on the 28th of January, extending them to the 28th of
Pebrusry next.

On Tuesday last Mr. Maeready, the eminent
tragedian, who, till recently, has resided at Sherborne, was
united in marriage, at the church of St. John, Durdham
Down, Clifton, to Min Cecile Louise F. Spencer, grand•
daughter of the late Sir William Beecbey.
Messrs. Beale and Chappell, the well-known
music publishers in Regent-street, base presented Mr.
Fitzball, the dramatist, with a valuable and elegantly
chased silver teapot, bearing the following inicription :
"From T. F. Beale and W. Chappell to Edward Fitsbell—
• tribute of esteem to the author of Lariiise. 1880."

The utmost activity is displayed by the contrao-
ton for completing the Great Eastern, and, according to
present arrangementa, she is expected to be ready by the
beginning of June to accompany the squadron which takes
the Prince of Wales to Canada. She will, however, ft is
said, most probably can at Queenstown for a day before be-
ginning her run to Portland.

On and after May 1 a mail train will leave Lon-
don at 7 o'clock cm., reaching Dover at 9 o'clock, and ar.
rangementa are being made by which the mail will reach
Paris at 6 o'clock the same afternoon.

The Prince of Carignan gave a grand dinner on
the 2nd to Baron Ricanoli, General Durando, and other dis-
tinguished personages at Florence.

WHITEHALL, APRIL s.—The Queen has been
pleased to present the Rev. John Robertson to the church
at Strontiao, in the presbytery of Mull, and shire of Argyll,
vacant by the transportation of the Rev. James It'Fadyen
to the church sad parish of Kildaltcs.--Clezette.
Dowlmw-erazzr, APRIL 5. —The Queen has been
pleased to appoint Thosnas Francis Quin, Eaq. to be a mem-
ber of the Legislative Council of her Majeetys Settlements
in the River Gambia.—Oareetc.

BOARD OF MAD; WarranALL, APRIL s.—The
Right Hon. the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council
for Trade sod Plantations have received, from the Secretary
of State for Foreign Affairs, a copy of a despatch from her
Majesty's Consul at Rome, enclosing a translation of a de-
cree issued by the Papal government, authorising the free
••mportation into each of the Roman States of Indian corn
aad Indian corn meal, sod permitting the free importation
of grain and flour into the Moditerranean provinces only of
those stater.—Gazette.

WILL OF THE LATE MR. COLLARD.—The will
and two codicils of the late Frederick William Collard, of
26, Cheateide, pianoforte-manufacturer, who died there,
on the 31st of January, 1860, at the advanced age of 88,
were proved in the London Court, on the 28th of March,
'by JUIIIOI P. Theobald, of Furnival's-inn, solicitor ; Robert
lAddiaon, of Regent-street, music-publisher ; and Henry
G. Bohn, of York-street, Covent-garden, publisher, the
Lemke* Lid executors, who administered to the personal
effects, under 140,0001. He has left to each • legacy—
namely, Mr. Theobald, 5001. ; Mr. Addison, 1501. ; and
Mr. Bohn, 1501. To his widow he leaves an annuity
of 1,0001., and all his household furniture, plate, fic., ohm-
lately ; to his sister Sylvia Collard an annuity of 200 f. ; and
to hie sister Phoebe Collanl an annuity of 501.; to his godson,
Alfred Beverley Collard, son of his nephewi Frederick Fr-
Collard, he bee deeiied his treelield if Hampton, Devon,
which he had lately purchased. There are numerous be-
'ci eats to the various members of his family—riz., his
brother,u sisters, uncles, e'
nephews, nieces, mains, and to
other relatives and friends. To his faithful servant, Susan
Henigan, the interest of 1,0001. for her life, and at her
demise that amount to be sunk in an annuity for the life of
her daughter, to be for her own free use and control. All
legacies to be free of legacy duty. The residue, which
forms the principal part of his property, he loaves to be
divided equally between bin two nephews, Charles Lukey
Collard and Frederick William Collard, who are brothers,
sad were in partnership with him. The will bean date,
the 15th of June, 1853, and the codicils in 1858 and 1858.
WILL OF THE LATE Ma. STEPHEN., OF Rom-
asmrresr.—The will and codicil of Stephens Lyme Stephens,
Esq., of Reehampton, Surrey, and of Lynfonl Hall, near
Brandon, Norfolk, who died at Roehampton on the 28th of
February, were presented for probate in the principal re-
gistry by Messrs. Tysoe and Co., solicitors, Frederick's.place,
Old Jewry and the grant made, on the 29th of March, to
Mdme. Yulance Mane Louise Stephens, the relic and sole
executrix, who administered to the personalty as being
under the nano of 700,0001. The trustees are Sir Richard
B. W. Bulkeley, Bart, ILF., Sir John W. Lubbock, Bart.,
and John Lubbock, Fen., (the Wife king appointed by the
codicil in the room of Baron Rehausen, deceased). To tech
of his trustees he has left a legacy of 5001. He has be-
queathed to his wife an immediate legacy 45,000 e, and the
residence and estate of Roehiusaton, with all the furniture
and effects, and the lands and tenements and property
there, for her own absolute use. He also bequeaths to her
the mansion and estate of Lynford Hall for her life, together
with the sum of 300,0001. in trust, for her to receive there-
from the interest, dividends, and proceeds for her life, as
well as a life interest in the residue of his property. He
has left some handsome bequests and annuities to his rela-
tives and personal friends, but the bulk of his property Is
hallmarked to his widow for her life, and at her decease
It is to the issue of his uncle, William Lyn*, and of his
deceased nuclei, the Rev. Richard Lyme, Edward Lyue,
and Joseph Lyme. The will is dated December 5,
M. 1851,-and
the co died October 29, 1859, and witnessed by Tatham
and IL H. Tatham, solicitors, Lincoln's-inn-llelds.
THE NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLIET.Thia gal-
lery will he throws freely open to holiday folks, without
tickets. on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday next. The
hours of admission will be from ten to live. On ordinary
public days the Gallery is not open before twelve o'clock.
An interesting niedalhoo of Kirke White by Chantrey,
has recently been added to the collection. It was presented
by Dr. Boott, at whoa expense the original monument was
erected many years ago over the poet's grave in All Saints'
Church, Cambridge. The medallion haa the additional
importance of showing that the trustees recognise the
plastic art as a legitimate means of portraiture. Casts
from the tombs of Shakspeare and of Mary Queen of Scots
are already there ; and it is to be hoped as soon as more
commodious apartments are provided that marble bola,
and small statute, too, may be forthcoming. At present
the pictures have attained the number of ninety-seven.--
Allemerval.

NATIONAL COLLECTION or WATER COLOUR
PAIWrIInIn. —A collection of works in this particularly
national art trill be first exhibited to the public in the
Etheepaksisks Ordlvry, at the South Kensington Museum, on
Easter Monday. It has been formed for the instruction of
art students, partly from the collection given by Mr.
sheepshanks, partly by purchases, andpertly by loans
liberally satrasted to the donna and Art t„