The Express.
London, England, 1860-06-28 00:00:00

LICENSED- norualzaar BCHOOL.

The fifty-fourth annual festival of this institution
took please yesterday at Cremeree-gardens, the spacious
Aaidemeham Pavilion being turned to account as a dining-
hail. The capacity of this immense tent may be estimated
by the fact that nearly 1,600 persons sat down to dinner,
and that their performances were watched by about half
that *Ober el ladies and children, including the pupils of
the boys' and Orly' schools. The chair was to have been
taken on this occasion by Mr. Philip Worley, a
in the historical Inn of Whitbread and
E, b t this gentleman waa vented by 'Meese
attending, and another member of the Arm, Mr.
Samna Charles Whitbread, presided in his stead. The
dinner having been briskly disposed of, the tide of convi-
viality set in for touts, music, and speech-making. Two
addressee, one of them in very blank Tome and both more or
lees metncal, wkre declaimed by school buys, with good em-
phaais and discretion, the company being so ranch pleased
with the effort' of these youthful elocutionists as to reward
them with * goodly quantity of small silver coin. The
customary loyal and patriotic toasts were !given and
received hi a manner Which would intimate that
patriotism and loyalty are allied with loudness
among the licensed victuallers. Mr. Cathie, the bead
governor, proposed the health of the chairman, and Mei-
disatally stated that Mr. Whitbread had taken the chair at
one dtheir festivals forty years ago. The firm had been
most liberal in supporting the institution, and bad met their
deputation on this occasion in an exceedingly miasma
spirit. The Rev. Mr. Williams addressed the company on
the subject of the school, and mid he had examined
the children, and found them very apt in their replies
to questions, specially in arithmetic. He rejoiced to
add, that they were all well grounded in a knowledge of
the Holy Scriptures. The Chairman having proposed pros.
perity to the Licensed Victuallers' School, Rai success to
the Endowment Fund, the secretary, Mr. William Smalley,
read the list of subscriptions, headed by the chairman with
a donation of fifty guineas. The firm of Whitbread and
Co. subscribed the sum of I,olcLoses, and several mem-
ber..tvh.is 10 guineas each, the amount Gins their
t te. 290 raw.. to 4.4 easeirbq were
1,4611. 111 s, and this sem was vsey nearly increased to
2,0001. by collections made at the tables.

AGRICULTURAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.

On Tuesday evening the first festival in aid of
the funds of this institution was celebrated at the London
Tavern, Bishopagateetreet, under the presidency .4 .
CHANDOS R RCN HOSETNS, who took the chair in the ab-
sence of the Duke of Richmond and Earl Spencer, both of
whom were unfortunately prevented from being present.
About MO gentlemen set down to dinner, and amongst them
were many who are well known for the deep interest they
take in agricultural pursuits.
In bringing forward the toast of the evening, " Success to
the Agricultural Benevolent Institution,"
The Csatauur addreseed himself in an effective
manner to the objects for which the society was
founded. After alluding to the difficulties and complications
experienced by those who ate engaged in the sale or trans-
fer of land, Mr. Hoskynv observed that it behoved all who
took an interest in agriculture to put their shoulders to the
wheel to prevent poverty and misfortune overtaking
those who were doing their duty in this very important
pursuit. It was a matter of surprise that no attempt to
found such an institution as this bad been made at an
earlier period, as the necessity for its existence had long
been abundantly proved. Almost every profession—almost
every trade—had its asylums for the old, its endowment,
for the widowed, its schools for the orphaned, all founded
and maintained by their fellow-labourers. In a movement
so honourable it seemed difficult to explain bow it was that
the agricultural interest, with its endless ramifications and
resourees, should have remained hitherto unrepresented.
The fanner could turn to no refugefrom misfortunes, which
so often, in his case above every other, depend upon infiu-
feces beyond human control. Should death call him away
his last sufferings found no solace in the knowledge that
kind heads are ever ready to name his widow from indi-
gence, to shield hischildren fromprivation. He(the chairnian)
was happy to be enabled to state that already had greet success
attended the labours of those who bad pronvoted the este-
blishmeut of this institution. They bad received upwards
of 4,0001. in mbscriptions, and in the month of October
next the committee would be in • position to relieve fifteen
decayed farmers and five farmers' widows, beside, a limited
aumber of orphans. Bs was quite sure that with such
support as they received from the public, and such assist-
ance as was rendered by their cabers, the institution would
rapidly incomes in power and value, and he commended it
to the company present as well deserving of their heartiest
encouragement. _ _

Mr. CHABLIS SHAW, the secretary, then read the list of
subscriptions, which amounted to upwards of 4,0001. He
observed that should the same success attend the society
for the next ten years, they would have received a fund
amounting to 40,0001. Deducting from that sum 25 per
cent. for working and other expenses there would remain
30,0001.' which at 3 per cent. would give them au annual
income of !about 90N., and thereby provide annuities of
3W. each for thirty decayed farmers or their widows.
MrenimanAtmarthanWmti,inpropmingthehealth
of the chairman, expreseed a hope that on future occasions
anniversaries of this uistitution'would'be attended by the
county members, who, it was to be regretted, were absent
that evening. Mr. Wood then paid a passing tribute to
Mr. Shaw, the secretary, observing, that to that gentle.
man's ability and exertions much of their succem was to
be attributed.
Various other complimentary toasts were then proposed,
including the health of Mr. Alderman Mechi, the founder
of the institution, who returned thanks in a speech com-
mending its important objects to the notice of all who
could appreciate the value of such a society.
The musical arrangements were under the care of Mr.
Randord, who was ably assisted by his son and /zoom.
plished daughter, and by Mr. T. Young and Mr. J. L.
Hatton, the last mentioned gentleman delighting the com-
pany by that admixture of buffo singing and skilful piano-
forte playing for which be has long been distinguished.
Mr. Toole was, as usual, a zealous and commendable taut-
meter.

RIPEIWZNTATION or DONEGAL-Alexander J. R.
Stewart, E.q., of Ards, has eddreesed the electors of
Donegal, seeking the seat vacant by the death of Sir R.
Hayes. An intimation has been given by Major Htunplirys,
agent to Lord Abercorn, that Lord Hamilton will seek the
suffrages of the electors. Both candidates are conservatives,
and the radicals hops, by a division of the constitutional
late/est, they may be able to make a redoubtable fight. Soc.
cues they do sot aaticipate under say probable contingency.
CSICXIT.-11.C.0. 11101:714D r. RVGBY
ficzoot..--Tbis match was played yesterday, at Lord's, and
terminated in favour of Rugby. The following is the more :
Intl inniers, 33 ; second innings, 78. Rugby, first
innings, 43 ; sewed buds., 31i, with a loos of 3 wickets.—
Suss= v. ltmte..—TWA mat* was commenced on Monday.
The following is themes, Rent winning by eight wickets
Kent, drat Innings, 195; sewed innings, 8. Bosse:, first
Meier, 112 ; second inaings, 89.
Dnerancyrva Fran ns GLAttflOW.—On Monday
monAat the Lasealleid Option SpitrtnAr Partary, Centre-
Ekren., Tredenen, was totally des by tire. The lees
in stock, budding', and machinery n estimated at 8,0001,
which is nearly covered by the following insurances :—Cor-
poration of Liverpool, 3,0001. ; Royal, 2,000/. ; Globe,
1,3801. ; Mani; 1,5001. ; Ben, 5001.

At a monthly meeting of the Statistical Society
(Bowls CHADWFOK, Eaq.,C.B., in the chair), Mr. F. PURDY
read a paper "On the Statistics of the Poor-rate before and
since the Poor-law Amendment Act" The paper set forth
various particular., and showed that in the twenty-two
years preceding the reform, 143,000,000 f. was the sum
spent for relief, but in the twenty-five subsequent years
(notwithstanding that in the latter period the population
averaged nearly twenty-five per cent. more than in the
former), it was only 129,000,0001., which was equal to a
decrease of 33,000,000 L, or yearly 21 per cent. Of the
rates now levied, about one-fourth is expended for local
purposes which have no connexion with the relief of the
poor.
Mr. CHADWICK, in the course of a speech, in acknow-
ledging the eulogiuma passed upon his original report on
the subject of the old parochial administration, stated that
the real amount of its expenditure had never been
correctly dentained, as the returns omitted all neceunta of
labour-rates, the expenses of roundsmen and voluntary
rates, formerly extensively prevalent, the discontinuance
of which added at least another 10 per -cent. to the account
of reduction. But whilst much had been done, a great
deal remained to do. The operation of such legislative
changes ought from time to time to be revised by more
competent investigators than parliamentary committees
usually were, to ascertain how far the principles proposed
had been fairly carried into effect in the adminishation,
how far they had fallen short, and what supplementary
measures were still required. It were now well worth
while to have • commission of inquiry upon the present
administration—supposing a competent and impartial com-
mission of inquiry were obtainable. Before such a com-
mission it might be shown that the present law fell short by
retaining the law of parochial settlement in the mistaken
interests of the influential owners of close parishes, to the
injurious depression of the labourers who by the operation
of the law were practically still kept pent up in narrow
labour markets. Orphan and destitute children were
morally Wand, sod their industrial training wee exten-
sively frulwaW ley bringing them up under the non root
with adult sad vicious paupers, instead of classifying them
In separate houses, as be and his colleagues had recom-
mended, and as had indeed been accomplished it a few
schools collected from districts of unions, with results which
demonstrated the practicability of putting an end to
hereditary pauperism and mendicancy by means of •
general application of the principles originally laid down.
One object. of a compulsory provision for the relief of the
destitute is the prevention of mendicity and vagrancy.
But for this purpose there must •be concurrent police pro-
visions and concurrent action of the authorities having
charge. of them with the prior-law authorities. But this
remmns to be understood and accomplished, and, as • con-
sequence, the ratepayers are still deprived of • large proper-
Lion of the benefit of the change. The medical relief was
not what was intended—it was insufficient for the Objects,
it was annoying to the profession, and was yet wastdul in
its results. The valuations for the rates were proved to
be utterly untrustworthy, and their collection admitted of
considerable improvement, se did their expenditure. Local
administrators did not receive the aid from the Central
Board which was due to them, and he agreed with the ob-
jections which had been raised in the Manchester Union to
the present plan of changing party political chiefs, as being
depressing and injurious, and subservient to other objects
than the bed interests of the particular branch of adminis-
tration. Still there were in most districts, rural and urban,
unions where the administration on correct principles was
in advance, which served as examples to demonstrate how
much remained to be accomplished. Take the metropolis,
for example. There was Bethnal-green, with 90,000 of the
poorest population, perhaps, in the county of Middlesex,
comprising hand-loon weavers and labourers, liable to ex-
treme fluctuations of employment, yet being well adminis-
tered, the paupers were only 18 per 1,000 in 1857, and the
charge upon the ratepayani 6s. Id. per head on the pope.
lation, whilst in the comparatively well-to-do district of
St. Pancras the paupers were 27 in the I,ooo,and the charge
for relief lads. Id. per head on the population, and repeated
complaints before magistrates and heavy defalcations ; and
in the wealthy parish of Marylehone the paupers were 38
lari.VieLliMparofht for rates. No valetfou, and tille reason wsouuk be foundthen
other than maladministration why in these instances and
the whole county of Middlesex should not be reduced to
the Bethnal-green standard of one-half, and the requisite
relief improved. On the data afforded by the advanced
districts, he ventured to assert that on a full execution of
the principles originally proposed, the administration in
every branch would be improved, and a reduction of expen-
diture, to the extent of an additional million ore million and
a half, effected—a saving sufficient to provide for all that
was needed for a superior national education. In Ireland,
the administration of relief approximated most noarly to
the principles he and his colleagues proposed as a sound
system of legal oompulsory relief to the destitute. In
&eland there was no law of parochial settlement, but there
was union chargeability. Casual burthens and extreme
fluctuations were mitigated by the charge being distributed
over wide areas. In Ireland, out-door relief, instead of being
the rule, was the exception. In Ireland, the udniinistration
was free from relief in aid of wages. The rents of adminis-
trators' tenements could not therele paid in the shape of
out-door relief, nor did the administration there admit of
the same extent of jobbing as it was well known yet pre-
vailed in the English local administration. lu Ireland the
premium of poverty and destitution was greater, and the
relief was not impeachable as insufficient, and was indeed
more readily obtained, for persons in need of relief can more
readily obtain it under a system of in-door than of out-door
relief. In practice, as the Irish oominissionen show, applica-
tions for in-door relief are seldom rejected (uuder a pure
system they need never be), "because a welbfounded be-
lied exists that they are seldom made except by the really
necesaitous, and the system of relieving applicants almost
indiscriminately, though sometimes injurious to discipline,
elide without danger to troperty or detriment to the in-
dustrial habits of the poor. In Ireland, the daily number
of paupers in receipt of relief is with all its destitution,
less than 1 per cant. of the population, whilst in England it
is 41 per cent. Even in Scotland, where the English system
of parochial and in-door relief was adopted, instead of the
union system of administration which he had proposed, the
paupers relieved exceed 4 per cent un the population.
Although the annual poor-rate expenditure in Ireland has
laveraged about Is. ed. per head of the potion, whilst
that of England exceeds Si. per head, and of Scotland
4.. per head, in Ireland—the relief to real destitution
there being more full—the annual expenditure per head
upon the average daily number relieved amounts to
9/. 18e. gad., whilst it was less than 71. in England,, and
little more than 51. in Scotland. The poor-law administra-
tion of the present day consisted for the most part of mea-
sures of relief, often imperfect. The amendments bad been
arrested at primary stages of mere repression, and it would
seem that an advanced knowledge of the science and art of
legkintion and administration, and other men than the
Pre"l",„_
ortZer rellissentatives, or • better informed
public —if not other times—would be needed for
the weeptanee of complete measures, founded on the more
Sinlied• MOM benign, and efficient principles of preven-
tion. The dune of legislation and admiustration was at
peasant like founding hospitals and making provision for
the Irsattnent of mush ilisearea—mod neoesauy provision
as Oh from ignorance of sanitary science, the tisanes
was steamed to be inevitable—but without any conception
or capacity to receive or act upon ideas, that the morales
tlimmelves admitted of being drained and of being made, in
=woof fever nests, fields of health and superior pro.

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