The Express.
London, England, 1860-11-13 00:00:00

TUESDAY EVRNINO,; ilariMBER, 13, 1860.

LONDON.

• ITALY.
THE nomesiunam AND tornizsxm
OP OAPIIA.

tram out 11111CIAL 0010EIRPONDENT.)
MARSHAL DELLA 100CAS HEADQUARTERS,
ST. ANGELO, 9 o'Cioist, Enouso. Nov. I.
At 3 o'clock Cleneral detili llama and staff left
Santa Maria to meet the Xing, who has arrived
here from Seem, in order Waive is person the signal
for the boltibszdmeot. At 4 o'clock his Majesty had
already amended the hill which slopes down on the
left of this village, and a red flag was staved from
1 that spot. It was the signal to open tire. The
! battery which threw the first shell was that cm the
extreme right, commanded by the Piedmonime
Captain, Gmbeeti It coeskited of three aisles
and of three rifled 12-pounders. The Maw live
batteries followed its example, and in lees drill
five minutes a dense circle of smoke covered all
our lines from Carditello cm the left to the
Volturno on the right The bastions of Capita,
in their earn, opened fire with their heavy
guns, and a moat dreadful cannonade en-

falling simile. As the daylight gradually—die.--i
appeared and the darkness ClUlltf on, the asps* fat
the murderous fight became still 'tore impaling
and terrible. Nothing was to be seen but the
flashes of the guns and the luminous maven
traced by the shells on the black sky. Nothing
was to be heard but the roaring of the iron mouths
and the terrible noise of the falling houses of the
town. A strong north wind, from time to time,
brought to my ear the loud &creams Of the unhappy
inhabitants of Capua, who were perishing under
the ruins of their houses. Although I witnessed
the great dramas of Magenta and Solferino,
although I was more than a spectator
at the battle of the Volturno, I did not feel on
those occasions the dread which overpowered me
during the five hours which have just expired.
Whilst I was visiting the battery on the right, the
cries were so loud and piercing that I could &gin-
' swish the.. of the women from those of the children.
Thu first were more numerous, and I think they
were uttered by the nuns of the A newt:iota,
whose convent being close to the western
bastion of the city, was more exposed
to the fire of that battery. Thank God, the bom-
bardment, although not yet discontinued, is less
severe. Although the Neapolitans have thrown
more than double the number of projectiles that
we have, there have been but few men killed and
wounded.

I happened to be close to the King when the
bombardment reached its height. The expression
of his inn betrayed the pain he felt. Once
he said to some of the generals who sur-
rounded him, " This is a sad scene, gen.
tlemen ; it breaks my heart to think that
we are .ending death and destruction into an Ita-
lian town. Let us hope that the cries of those
helpless inhabitants will induce General Cerni
to surrender" It is now U o'clock, and I leave Bt.
Angelo for Basta Maria. being anxious to know if
we have suffered much ken is the batteries of our
extreme left and centre, - - -
SANTA MARLA. Hoy. 2, Noox.
Thank God the fire, which lasted the whole of
the night, has owed. ♦ white flag is waving over
the bastion of Porta Napoli General di Liguori
earns here to make propceitions to General dell►
Rooes. He first asked for a truce of twenty-four
hours, and a sae! conduit which should enable
Generel Cerni, the commander of Captut, to
send an officer to Gaeta for instructions. As you
may easily imagine, neither of these requests was
sannted to. The only answer Della Rocca gave to
there was that the garrison must surrender in an
hour's time, and that the only capitulation he
could grant to it was that granted to In-
moriciere at Ancona. General di Liguori
asked what were the intentions of Mar-
shal dells Room as regarded the inhabitants
of the city. " I intend," answered the Piedmon-
tees General, "that these persons who insulted and
threatened the soldiers of Garibaldi, made prisoners
on the Lit of October, shall be given up by the mu-
nicipal authorities." Di Liguori tried to assure
' the General that no insults were offered to the
prisoners, and read a letter which my companions
and I had signed when leaving Capua for Gaeta.
Is that letter we thanked some of the Neapolitan
officers fur their kindness, and stated that they bad
saved our lives. This letter sufficiently proved
that we had run great danger is Capua, and that
the danger came from the menacing attitude
of the mob. The Neapolitan parloneetaire
having thus been beaten at his own weapons,
left Della Rocca to carry to Cerui the deraier
Ad of the Piedmontese General. Before the hour
granted had expired, the porleransioire—who by
the bye has always been one of the worst instru-
ments of the late King's tyranny—came back.
General Cern! has accepted the conditions, and
to-morrow morning, at 7 o'clock, we shall make
our entrance into Capua.
From what one of the officers of Di Liguori's
suite told me, it seems that the town has suffered
greatly by the bombardment. The population has
likewise suffered a great deal. I have been told
that there are amongst the dead and wounded ten
nuns of the Anntuisiata, whose convent, as I told
you above, was so much exposed to the fire of one
of our batteries.

To-morrow at 7 o'clock we shall make our en-
trance into the city, and I have no doubt that the
vary mob who wanted to kill me and my compa-
nions on the lst October will cheer us, and cry out,
" Long live Victor Emmanuel I Long live Gari-
baldi I" with the same ardour u it shouted "Long
live Francis IL" Such is the demoralisation and
the want of dignity of this population, it always
welcomes the strongest, and the old motto, " Vie
victis," is hire, more than in any other country, •
sad reality.

The Official Journal of Sicily publishes tite fol-
lowing letter, addreseed by Garibaldi to the Pro-
Dictator Signor Mordini :

Naples, Oct. e.
Signor Pro-Dietator, —I bays addressed to-day the fallow-
* deststelt le ear charpts d'afairetat Park sad Loadse.
The aeries ef the Stb and 115th d the put math, in-
viting lie perk of Ilsethsee Italy to reespies VW's,
Inuoirri as Altar klag. Newt have already leaned yea
that we were entries at the fed whke we proposed le our
selves by the usiferia war.

lb km/a mild is low proniveroad, and I am OM
as I Yes aped to de by severel sots, to pros my perm
Maio of the fortimede King whom Providers, Ms
dried to mute i• • dash family the divided provirem at
ar fassatry. In nomogram, of this, my government
Oval pies, to the Kim", government, and year. sank,. at
I tits court of his Majesty crises ipso facto; the represeate-

rii;ol el tie !iced Italy at females wierie will hare to Int-
&nabs the duty al sustainieg the mite of the natiosel Polio'
elitM the govetsments to which they are accredited.
let lbsimming yogi from the employment whlch I have' I
'NOWA in yew im the Interests of the country, I feel that
I egghilie edam to you that in the Micah dramatise's
Mt ethie gw hmw eserneed it, you hare deerned .
;h=, slime/it my bast thanks, tad be mem that 1 ,
mensesber your clieistereried aerie's,
0. OsiusAim.
Aiwtiiltr Raplizzinurre AT 1811111 ILL.
Thelgtigripients at Benhill with smooth born
gone agist stone walls, which bad been postponed
how tie Woe* of the week, in .eomiegaines of the
Ass& of Ms Royal Highs's' ISt General Com-
astardey last, sod wore
16i1=mkYtrft.11h an
oe of hie royal highness, who
elllend esienipaabd by air R. Mien flit H.
Jsa likusesil, Colossi Tilmgham, depend Bloom-
Osismel Wilford, Colonel Cuppege, Colonel St. George,
ZMI Lamy, Colonel Robinson, R.E., Colonel Tullob,
Young, and a lasips ember it artillery and
ea.pler diem Beshill, whore the experiments took
Pis* le a point a the coast about four miles on the
liana side of St. Leonardo. At • distance of about
Imp I miles aremuGs from the little railway station

ei1d1e,"1641"16. 14" it Mr." ..1M oloh •
te decay to jautify it &hit TrernieseffipTeitUesi as
• umetrr in the cause of projartile arienee, the onerirmit.
meets of the sea have spedually surrounded this fora for-
Mice, until at last the foundations have become completely
' undermined, sad its destruction had sometime ince bees
decreed se • manure of absolute necessity. We mean*
this fact in order to allay the slum of certain of the eocao-
i mists, who have warmed then artillery experiments as •
i wilful warm of public property. The Bexhill Martell° had
also weber resommendatiea, in being situated at a lamely
• part of the coast, but its loneliness did not yesterday pre-
serve It from the intrusion of the curione The battery of four
guns, two dny-eights and two thirty-twos, had been mounted
I op a rough earthwork, which had been thrown up for
the onarma is • laid that commanded the tower, at •
reap of LON yards, end giving a very considerable
elevation. Every shot and shell flew right aeries the line,
so thin the most vigilant precautions were necessary to pro-
vost accident. His royal highness came down by the ordi-
nary U o'clock expose from town, having courteously
deekkesd the offer of Mr. Night, the secretary of the
Deist*. Company, to plan a special train at hie disponi.
Ha wee aseasepenied by Wooed Clifton, his royal hi/h-
-asn't aide-dveamp, sad the other officers mentioned were
Ia adianiag anises. As the train neared the coast, and
the mertello towers came in sight, the train was minted
by single guns from each tower, and the royal standard wet
run up, sad • Seal Wen fired from the battery on his royal
lighseets arrival as the mond. In the field were
inhibited all the excitement end bustle of a fair or
holiday encampment. Gay pennons fluttered on every side,.
and aumerous touts and refreshment booths offered rest and
refreshment to the visitors. It wan believed that all the
fashionable denizens of Brighton, Mt. Leopards, and Hast-
inp had tamed out, and it is certain that all the convey.
ances that could be obtained within a radius of some miles
bed bees put into requisition. The whole of the neighbour-
ing reeds and farm-yards were oovered with them, and the
drivers exhibited their usual sympathy with 00Cali0111
public intend by demanding double, and in some cases
treble, their ordinary fares. The crash of fashionable private
equipages waa also enormous; and the field itself we.
so crowded with well-drand pedastrius of both NUS, that
it was with some diffleuhy aspens wee kept clear for the
°pentium of the boodeardirm

The battery, which me wider the command of Colonel
ifitchall, wee worked partly by that officer's own men and
partly by the find and mooed companies of the Cinque Pod
Volunteers, commanded by Captains Harcourt and Sari-
vue, a fact which may be taken se narking a most gratify-
* AMP a the ~or dth grant satissal mevemeat.
It was Indeentood that Captaia Haman bad received ea
intimation on Saturday that the atleadenes of his esettpay
' would be required an the ground, but there was ao
aaYd-
patim that they would be called on to take any part in the
Bing. When, however, his royal highness minden the
pound he was en struck with the fine military bearing
and mpearmse of the corps, who marched to the '
pound headed by their braes band, that he ordered them
to the gme at ones, and they worked in equal rumbas
with the Boyal Artillery daring the day. There were in
Boyd Artillerymen sad five volunteers to each gun, and it
mail be almost impoodble to tell which made the best
pia/nice. Hie royal Warm complimented the Cinque
Pats seep beide Ma ing the ground, sad also expressed
lass& mach plumed with the appearance of the Cinque
Pests Rides who, under the enameadot Rearm Crake, kept
she ground,
The object el the day's firing being to ',certain the
power of the smooth bores as compared with Armstrong
gun, a great deal of filtered was fell in the results, par-
ticularly by some Human Abets who were pram., and
who watched sad eared questions about everything. The
Maeda bad been opened on Saturday, but the
shots then fired were merely preliminary, theirimain object
bias to get the proper elevation. Yesterday morning the
maenads commenced in earnest, and continued with vigour
up till about three o'clock, when his Royal Highness mast '
to bratison. At that time, including the preliminary
firiag of iletuday, sixty-five chugs of shot and shell had
been fired et the towers, of which fifty-two were hit/ sad
*Mom aims, the latter being attributed by the romers
to • breeze which sprang up in the letter part of the morn-
ing. TM firing was watched with the most intense inte-
rest, both shot and shell being dialiactly visible dining
their Fames through the air, sad 'mammies the mamma
when they Musk the well of the lama by a wapploaale•
terry report, Ms* was shard as land as that whisk they ,
bad made wheelie,* the gun. The amount of work done
by them was, however, leyao mans so remarkable as the
aelau and the rennet all the homberdment was only to show
the decided inferiority of the smooth bore, at long racers, to
the Ansibmg gun. At Fadbourne the tower was der•
'Moped with lees than fifty discharges from the 100ib
imistroes, and promoted at the termination of the firing
may • mass of ruins, whereas, yesterday, the injury done to
She lower at Bexhill was mainly superficial, and, at the
eni of the day the building stood nearly as impregnable as
ever. In me spot, aces under the parapet, a cousidetable
mess of kick-work was detached, end In other plum seam
nitric 'sly bolos were made in the exterior wall, but in no
inseam' was the Labrador al the tower pierced by either shot
eitelL The mod Minim area the day's prsetice was that
the shills penetrated farther thee the round shot, marking
24 inches planation, waist the shot marked only IS
WIN, a cireanestenes which greatly panled the artillery
°fibers, who etedd only amount for it by supposing that
when the shell Mack the tower, the powder within itself
supplemented the propulsive force of the original charge in
the cannon.

At about 3 o'clock, the order to cease firing wss given,
and the duke, accompanied by his staff and all the officers
present, descended from the battery hill, whim hie royal
highness rather estonishixi the spectators by the agility
with which he crossed ploughed fields, leaped ditches,
mad clambered over fiminned gates, on his tray
to inspect the battered tower. The teak of following
his royal bighorns seemed to tell considerably on the wind
of several of the distinguished officers in attendance. His
royal highness minutely examined the external injuries of
the wall—which were after all trifling, having little or no
debris--after which be entered, and ascended to the top,
when be again examined the mischief, especially what had
been done to the parapet, The result of his royal high-
mess's inspection was hie decided conviction, to me his own
wade, that "the Armstrong guns bad the best of it, and
that be would not hesitate to trust himself in the towers
whilst a smoothbore battery played on it as it had done
that day." Beyond this high authority, we may add that the
verdict of all the artillery and engineers, both officers and
men, was unanimous in favour of the sew weapon, the men
adding a recommendation which they could beet appreciate,
measly, that the Armstrong gun was by far the easiest and
safest firbig. After lunch time the firing by single gun was
discontinued, and the practice was coaled solely to salvos.
The tower was very correctly covered hi this part of the
practice, but no perceptible increase of damage could be
perceived an the result of the ocemetration of fire. With
respect to the aim, the comparative numbers of ham