The Express.
London, England, 1859-09-20 00:00:00

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SONDON. 1711SD4Y, SEPT. 20.

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!.pawn a hope that thaaoss•

dli of England will be united to those of France este
Italy. Such a arias'. we would suggest tz or• Preis
contemporary, depends alteritlew on the decision of
a gentian which must now be ender the considera-
tion of his Imieriel Mater v. It ie whether the
Eitreacie intends to be oa the side of Anatria, or on
dint of Italy, The attempt which Louts NAtoteoe
Unmade (and we are not now concerned to depreciate
the motives out of which the attempt may have pre •
bebly sprung) to gain the affections of both Asa failed.
Tee Fut-Lam suet now, therefore, make his choice
—Austria, ageinst whom he lately fought, or Italy,
for whom he recently gained the victories of Ms
gents and Solferino. That, we apprehend, ii the
problem which at this moment awaits solution at
Biarritz. No doubt can be pretended as to the
policy of the Queue's Government in London.
The policy of her MA3 C3TT'S Moisten appears to
us to be the only policy possible for England; at ail
*veins, it is the only policy which the people of
England will endure. It has been boldly declared
iu Parliament, and frankly and loyally announced
in Paris and Vienna. As it war when thus stated,
so, we rejoice to know, it remains now. While
France and Austria are indulging in all kinds of
plans, schemes, and devices to carry into effect the
hastily-conoomed Treaty—or, more correctly speak-
ing, Memorandum—of Villafranca, the English
Government has urged on them both the wisdom
and the duty of leaving the Italians to
frame their own form of Government, eel to
choose their own dynasty (as Francs bre done),and
has protested at both capitals against any nee of
force to coerce the Duchies to receive back Princes
whose depositions they have so solemnly, delibe-
rately, and unanimously declared. If this become at
last the policy of the Emperor of the FRENCH, then
the councils of Englrnd and France will be united
on the Italian question. If not, then each must
purees its own course in a matter on which they
differ so deeply and essentially. That, we believe
is the true state of the case just now, not the ques-
tion raised by the Constitrlionnel.

Tire "San Juan question" which suddenly pre-
sented itself yesterday before the British public
with boisterous claims to attention among the
news from America, is in reality a contro-
versy of several years' standing. San Juan is
one of the Arno Islands which lie be-
tween Vancouver's Island and the mainland of
North America. The entire group is claimed by the
Governmest et the United States under the truly
of the 19th Jun, 1848, generally known as the
Oregon Treaty. In the weeds of that instrument the
boundary line dividing the territories of Great
Britain and the United States runs " along the 49th
" parallel of north latitude to the middle of the
" channel which separates the continent from Van-
" course's Island, and thence southerly through the
" middle of said channel and of Furled Straits to
"the Pacific Ocean." Bat there are two
channels separating the continent from Van-
°onset's Island, one on each side of the
Arroo Island', and according as one or other of these
is taken to be the channel referred to will the islands
belong to Great Britain or to the United States.
Commissioners of both countries have been for some
time engaged in endeavouring to arrange the ques-
tion, but without success. In order to br4ng the
affair to a point, and perhaps with an eye to Demo-
cratic interests at the Presidential election, orders
have been sent from Washington to General MAINLY
directing him to occupy San Juan with United
States troop', c'aiming the Wand as part of the
Washington territory. The General had sent
thither a company of infantry and four companies
of artillery, supporting them with four vessels
of the American navy. The New York
papers state that Governor DOUGLAS had protested
in the name of her NIAJISTY against the occupation,
claiming the island as under the supremacy of the
British crown, and had sent thither a taros of
sappers and muter, with H.M.S. Tribune, Satellite,
and Plumper. The New York papers eagerly hail
a dißicalty with England which promisee a tolerable
mown of excitement, without the probability of
becoming dangerous. The Nero lurk Herold pro-
tests against the notion that this onatroversy 'Unbent
an insignificant matter, and declines that San Juan
is particularly important Li a military point of view;
and that the propriety of making it a second Cronstadt
haarecently been discoseedia Raglend. Another jour-
nal prints an account of a collision, in which thirty
Americana had been killed. We may confidently
put asii:3 these extravagancies. Both Governor
Dot:GLas and General }fixate had referred the
matter respectively to London and Washington;
end the question will now be treated quietly and
with reason, as becomes the Governments of the two
great disistous of the race which speaks the English
language.

Tile telegraphic new, that the French Admiral
commanding in Cochin China, having signed a treaty
with the Annancle, is free to start with his fleet to
the Prato, and the fact that the Indian Government
is already eemliug out reinforcements, both naval and
military, seem at first sight to indicate that the re-
storation of European it,floence in China may be
more immediate than we have hitherto ventured to
hope. Notwithstanding the new rigour which
the Chinese military character has put on, it is not
at all unlikely that the English and French forces
which it would be possible to collect in the North of
Ch'ict, might strike a heavy blow which should be,
felt as far u Vekio before the winter seals
up the internal navigation of the Empire.
There are, however, other than material considera-
tions to be thought of, and our commanders will
probably satisfy their O,vernment if they protect our
trade and make our flag respected at the ontparte
until the season for serious operations shall arrive,
about the middle of next spring.
The knowledge that in the meantime the ascot
comprehensive preparations are being mails both
at home and in India for adjaatirg one mili.
tary relalocs to China unmistakeably and once
for all, may be uteful in disposing as to take a