The Express.
London, England, 1859-06-18 00:00:00

TURKEY.

A letter from Constantinople, in the Moniteur de
la FluUe, states that the defences of the Dardanelles
have been considerably strengthened of late. This
strait is forty-two miles in length, and its width
varies from four miles to three-quarters. Its de-
fences at the entrance are the castles of Sed-Barkel-
legal and of Paleveastee, in Europe, and of Count-
Calessi, in Asia. These works have just been case.
mated and enlarged by strong earthwork., and the
armament, which has hitherto consisted of 168 guns
and 28 mortars, has been increased by one-third. On
the shore of Naga,., at the extremity of a narrow
point of land which runs out into the Hellespont,
batteries of an entirely new construction have been
erected, and all the defensive works of the Darda-
nelles, hitherto open at the gorge, have been now
closed.

At Novara, there are two large airy hospitals, one
civil and the other military. AU the ladies of the piece,
without exception of rank or positi-•o, hate offered their ser-
vice to the surgeotos as nurses, and their conduct is sated ti
be admirable. They may be seen with white aprons and
leaked-up sleeves, comforting and relieving the sufferere.

The shipments of machinery to Russia since the
1 opining of the navigation ere at de d to 1141 M barn on a scele
which will go far to account for the secesaity thet bee ex-
isted fur the transmis.ion of gold from St. Prteniburg to
Losdon, eepeoially as elimia ordan have Wen executed in
America and elsewhere, gamy of which are paid fa by
draughts on thia country. Ths New divi.ion of the Ramis°
Ant is now asserted to competes 80 fiat-clam gunboats,
constructed en the base recant models, while the Debi° fleet
consists of 36 sall-of-the.line, If of which at present at
Cron:tat are rciew lina-of-battle ships of from 80 to 120
gnu each.

Tll6 CHOLZU.—We regret to learn, by our
Maims from ladle brought by the Met mall, that cholera has
made its appseranee in the Calcutta river. It appears that
the Putman, &woo, which cleared at Calcutta with tronl.•
on the 27th April, end proceeded to ma, had the cholera
raging on board, sad that 17th death., viz , 15 of the trottpa
sat two of the crew—oocurred within /nor days before the
OM loft her. The Pomona left with 399 persons on board,
including drafts of her Majesty's 84th ant 32nd Foot. and
2nd battalion of Military Irate, nine women, and 14 dill.
then, under command of Major Edmiston, of her Majesty's
32d Ergialiat.-6hippirty Orate.

is;XYRESS FROM PAKIZ.

(1101 091 OWN

PARIS, FilDia EVININO.

The official war bulletin published at Turin on
June 16 announces that the army of Italy crossed the
Serio on June 13, and is marching on the Oglio.
Victor Eramanuers he►d-quarters were, as we know,
at Palaszuolo at that date. The advanced guard of
the Piedmonteas troops, according to the same bul-
letin, were at Ceecaglio; that is to say, half-way on
the road from PaUsenet° to Brescia, at which latter
place Garibaldi arrived on the evening of the 12th.
General Urban, who was at Coccaglio, retired on the
approach of the Sardinian troops, and made for Orci
Novi, a place about ten miles south-west of Brescia.
A despatch from Verona pretends that Urban re-
pulsed Garibaldi at Castenedolo ; but this news
greatly requires confirmation. The direction taken
by the French army is not known here, but the
rapidly retreating movement of the Austrians indi-
cates that the French columns have not been inac-
tive. Austria, according to letters from Vienna, is
resolutely playing out her last cards. The Southern
Railway is again employed exclusively in con-
veying troops. Two corps d'armet of about
30,000 men each have been despatched in all haste
to Verona. These troops are said to belong in great
part to the force whick was held in readiness to be
sent to Germany, and thus the serious news that
the Frankfort diet has excused Austria from tarnish-
ing her contingent to the confederation is in some
measure confirmed.

The Bourse has been extremely dull. The atti-
tude of Germany continues to be discussed, and is
regarded with more uneasiness than it was yester-
day. A report has been spread that the Diet in-
tends to protest against the passage of the Minnie
by the allies. The Rente closed at 62fr. 66e. for
cash, and 62fr. 4k. for account, with a fall of 26e.
and 150. There was very little business doing all day.
Mobilier fell 6fr. The Eastern Railway fell 10fr., and
the other lines from 2fr. 60c. to 6fr.

The Moniteur publishes the expected notice from
the Ministry of Finance, informing the subscribers
to the loan of 600 millions that, from the 20th inst.,
they are to apply at the treasury to exchange their
provisional receipts for definite certificates, and
receive back the part of the deposit which may be
due to them.

The Conseitutionnel has reason to know that it is
the intention of government to employ the Austrian
prisoners in making railways in Algeria. It is also
said that the prisoners will be let out to hire to
agriculturists and manufacturers who may be will-
ing to pay them. The offieers are everywhere
well treated. They are free on parole, and may
even obtain, without much difficulty, leave of absence
from the places assigned for their residence. Those
who are married may send for their wives. The
pay allowed them by the French government is
fixed as follows:—generals of division, 4,000 fr.;
generals of brigade, 3,000 fr. ; superior officers,
2,400 fr.; captains, lieutenants, and sub-lieutenants,
I,2lXlfr.

Kossuth is expected in Paris this evening on his
way to Italy, csd Marseilles, to put himself at the
head of a legion of volunteers, most of whom are
Hungarians. It appears that the statement made
by several journals--that the French government
had refused the illustrious exile permission to pass
through France—was unfounded. He may, how-
ever, meet with unexpected difficulties in Genoa,
where, I believe, the Hungarian legion is waiting to
receive him. I learn this very day, from a good
source, that Count Cavour, yielding to representa-
tions made by Prussia, has promised that the Hun-
garians shall not embark so long as the war remains
localiaed in Italy.
_ _

All the disposable vessels at Cherbourg are being
fitted out with all possible activity. The St. Louis
line-of-battle ship left the port a few days ago; the
Souveraine frigate has gone into the roadstead ; and
the Tourville liner will go there in a few days. The
Fondroyante floating battery will shortly be ready
to take up her moorings for the defence of the en-
trance of the harbour.

HUNGARY.

(711011 •

PRESBURO, IND OF Mir.

-•
The correspondent of the Times seems to be as-
tonished, and even shocked, that whilst all the pro-
sinews of the Austrian empire have sent addresses of
loyalty to the Emperor, no such demonstration has
as yet taken place on the pat of the Hungarian
aristocracy and gentry.
It is more astonishing that such addresses were,
as it seems, really expected at Vienna from a nation
which, but ten years back, gave such unmistakable
proofs of her longing for independence, and her de.
testation of the Austrian rule, and which, for the last
three centuries, has never ceased to undermine the
liberties guaranteed by treaties and coronation oaths.
Prometheus chained to the rock cannot be expected
voluntarily to offer lile and blood, " vitam et sen-
guinem," to the double-headed eagle, preying on his
vitals ; if he did be would deserve his fate—to lose
for ever liberty. All the dynastic feelings attributed in
some Austrian and South German papers to the
Hungarians are the invention of the pen of hire-
lings. It is true that the German officials sent to
govern Hungarian towns, have forwarded ad-
dresses of loyalty to the Emperor, but everybody
knows their nature and their want of weight. Na-
tional subscriptions have likewise been set on foot,
and many people signed their name to some small
sum, which they regard as a tax, for avoiding the
danger of being classed among persons politically
suspicious. Volunteers have also been raised by a
bounty of ten pounds—a considerable sum in our
country ; still they are mostly persons well known
to the police authorities, if they are not habitual
inmates of the gaols. At I'esth everybody is ready to
sign au address embodying the thankaof the commu-
nity for being rid of such dangerous individuals. At
lkbreczin, however, no more than fifty volunteers
could be got in spite of the bounty ! But on the other
hand the Austrian mayor, M. C•orbs, was assaulted
by the people, and is still protected by the military
against violence., no account of his too zealous sub-
serviency to the Vienna authorities.
The conduct of the Hungarian regiments in Italy
will soon protest ea emphatically against the Austrian
rule in Hungary as the silence of the aristocracy,
otherwise certainly not bent upon extremes—and of
the Roman catholic clergy, though it owes the con-
cordat to the court. At Duna Fdldver the Hungarian
colours were already hoisted, and the market town
in consequence occupied by the military. Still
the great bulk of the nation calmly awaits the
further development of events, unwilling by pre-
mature demonstrations and riots to compro-
mise the cause of liberty, and to bring ruin upon the
country. The government officials now threaten the
gentry, that should they persist in their moral redo-
lence, the Gallieian scenes of 1816 may easily be
re-enacted in Hungary, since the government could
soon make the peasants believe that the opposition
of the gentry rests upon the unwillingness of the
government to re-introduce the serfage and vil-
leinsge, abolished in 1848. We, however, are not
frightened by such threats, since we know that the
peasants have not yet forgotten to whom they owe
the title to their land, and the immunity from servile
labour.

It is affirmed that during the last mouth a con-
tinental cc airact has bets Is execution in tbts oonniry far
60,000 bap of chip's bread. This would &Ole for 30 mil
of the leas for Ids inostbd.