The Express.
London, England, 1860-04-17 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS. TUESDAY

' unhappy brothers who stretch their arms towards
tho parliament, and envy the liberty of the new
kingdom. Amidst cheers and universid clapping of
hands he invited Signor Lanza, the elected Freed-
dent, to take the presidential chair.
The new President does not s sera very popular;
his written speech, which he read in a clear voice,
excited no applause, but was listened to with atten-
tion. Repaid a complunent to their great ally, and
to the patriotism of the &mill& and of Tuscany •
he warned the Chamber against any too strong
tendency towards municipalise; preached consolida-
tion and se.l-abnegation, and hinted likewise at the
necessary elpansion of the country. Cavour then
presented the treaty with France to the Chamber,
together with two other bills about the an-
nexation of Central Italy. Some formal busi-
ness was then transacted, after which Garibaldi
ruse, and with his ringing voice, in the most
solemn manner appealed to the sth section of the
Constitution, which provides that no treaty alter-
ing the boundaries of the state shall be executed
before the Chambers have approved of it. The
beginning of the execution of any such treaty is,
therefore, unconstitutional; and what should he call
the order by which Nice was summoned on Sunday
next to vote whether she wished to be annexed to
France, but the beginning of the execution of a
treaty not yet approved of bythe legislative bodiesi
Nice, united in 1388 to Savoy expressly stipu-
lated at that time that Savoy should not
alienate the town and county to any foreign power,
and that if it notwithstanding should do so, the
inhabitants should have the right to resist such
alienation by force of arms, without being guilty
;of rebellion. But the government has by the treaty
lof the 24th of March ceded Nice to France, contrary
to those ancient treaties as well as contrary to the
conscience of modern society, which revolts fronithe
• idea that a people should be bartered away like a
flock of sheep. The gallant general complained
j next of the preasure exercised by the French upon
the inhabitants. He spoke of ignoble manoeuvres,
of bribery, and of threats, which forced many in-
habitants to leave the town ; he accused the go-
' vernment of having cooperated with the French
to force the alienation of an Italian country by
means of the provisional governor, whose barefaced
proclamation was a Main upon the honour of the
cabinet. Universal suffrage could not be free there,
where a French garrison and a hostile government re-
pressed and falsified the expression of the sentiments
of the population. He called on the ministry to
take measures for protecting the freedom and le-
gality of the vote, and implored the Chamber to
suspend it until these measures could be executed.
The speech was moderate in tone and uncom-
monly well delivered, the worn face of the general
being lit up by deep emotion.
Count Cavour answered quietly that the ques-
tion of Nice wee not an isolated one, but a portion
of the general policy of the cabinet, which could
nut be discussed before the treaty with France
should be on the order of the day, when the cabinet
would frankly give the most detailed information.
Still he assured the Chamber that this cession was
the essential condition of that policy which had
given freedom to Milan, to Bologna, and to Flo-
raw, and that it could not be rescinded without
imminent danger to the country. But the vote of
Nice must certainly be free, and therefore he
lamented and could not justify the proclamation of 1
Governor Lubonia, from whose antecedents he
should not have expected it. He requested the
Chamber to adjourn the discussion until the treaty
came before parliament.

Laurent; Robandi, a member for the county of
Nice, made a most impressive speech, showing in
detail how the annexation was managed by Pietri,
the French 4euator, Lubonis, the provisional go-
vernor, and the Mayor of Nice, who behaved as if
the county were already French. The good Italians
were insulted by a rabble introduced by the French
senator, whilst the French regiments garrisoniug
the town and the frigates in the harbour inspired',
terror into the inhabitants. Circulars, without
name, but printed by the government lithographer,
were' sent to the county threatening those who
should vote against the annexation' and exhorting
the officials to neutralise the efforts hostile to
French interests. The priests already chaunted at
the altar, " pipeline salvuni fee Imperatorem nos-
trum Napoleonem," and the bishop declared that
it was a matter of conscience to vote for the annex-
ation. The publication of the Nizzardo, a paper in
the Italian interest, had to be suspended through
fear of personal violence, and when it appeared again
protesting against the violence of the French, it was
confiscated, and the editor threatened with arrest.
It was said that the government had ordered that
the vote should be taken in the same way as it was
taken in Central Italy, but he asked the deputies
of Tuscany and of the Emilia whether such ma-
chinations were resorted to in those provinces. An
indignant " No, no," rose here from the seats of
those deputies. Referring to the fact that there
was no guarantee against the introduction of foreign
surreptitious voters, or against the falsification of
the votes, he proposed that the Chamber should not
approve the order for taking the vote on the
13th, and should censure the proclamation of the
governor as prejudging the liberty of universal stif-
rage.
Signor Mellen, the deputy for Casale, vehe-
mently disapproved of the policy of the government,
denying that it had the right of taking the vote of
a population by universal suffrage as to whether it
wished to change its government and nationality.
There was a great difference between the circum-
stances of Nice and of Central Italy, where, the
' government having fled and abandoned the people,
they bocarne authorised to exercise temporarily
their sovereign rights ; but here the sovereignty
was vested in the king and parliament, and with-
out the sanction of the Chambers no ministry
could resort to universal suffrage. That might
follow, but ought not to precede, the discussion
and approval of the treaty by parliament. And
Nice being an Italian territory, not even parliament
could alienate its nationality without dishonour.

Count Farini, the Minister of the Interior, tried
to justify the proosedings of the government,
blamed the proclamation of the governor, declared
that he could not be held responsible for
anonymous circulars, affirmed that there was no
government :ithogripher at Nice, denied that there
was a French garrison in the town, but admitted
that French troops on their return to France were
coming and going day by day, and thought that
the vote taken on the 16th at Nice would still leave
parliament free to ratify or reject the treaty.
Signor Chenal, a deputy from Savoy, read a
French speech, which contained scarcely any salient
points. He tried to show the danger of the prin-
ciple of nationality as applied to politics, inasmuch
as it would partition Switzerland, give Belgium to
France, and Alsatia to Germany; but he (lid not
mention the question of Chablais and Faucigny.
The member representing one of the districts of
those valleys, and elected to express their wish of
being annexed to Switzerland, remained silent dur-
ing this discussion, if he really was present in the
chamber.

Count Terenzio Marniani, the Minister of Public In-
strnction, rose, and in a fluent and rhetorical speech,
delivered in the purest Roman accent, frankly and
with an outspokenness rarely to be found on the
ministerial bench, pleaded the necessity of onici-
I siting a powerful friend. He called France an
Amazon, terrible even in her embraces, and the
cession .4 Nice a sacrifice necessary for the libera-
tion of Italy. More than one-half of the Peninsula
wan as yet enslaved, be said, and even in that
chamber they saw on every bench (pointing to Poerio,
to Avarini, and Tecchio) exiles and martyrs ; they
had need of friends and must therefore resign them-
selves to the ...vcrifice, and cut of one limb to save
the whole body.
Signor Bineo declared that the Governor of Nice
was a rebel against the King, and be believed that
the hopes of Italy must be founded on right and
liberty, not on foreign areistanoe.
Farini explained the facts as to the confis-
cation of the Niwsnie, stating that the editor
did not comply with the formalities prescribed by
law.

Signor Botern, a deputy from Nice, blamed the
cabinet for leavin4 a governor at Nice whose acts
they disavowed. He complained that the electoral
lists were falsified ; that after the vote, taken
without freedom, parliament could not do anything

-
but approve the treaty. Hs remindesithe Chamber
that the county to be sacrificed had furnished 600
volunteers to the last war ; and said that in this
fatal treaty betwevu a feeble and a powerful party,
he certainly could not blame the feeble one.
After a second speech at Robandi and Kellam,
Mancini, a Neapolitan, otherwise a supporter of the
cabinet, proposed to send a parliamentary com-
mission to Nice to superintend the proceedings and
gnarantee_perfeet freedom of voting.
Count Colour, rising suddenly once more, refused
absolutely on the part of the government to swept
the proposition since such a commission would pre-
judge the question. Be reminded Garibaldi that
whilst at the election of 1867 out of 938 electors
781, that is to say 85 per cent., appeared at the
poll, even the great and merited popularity of the
gallant general could not bring more than 444 out
of 1,696 electors, that is to say 28 tent., to the
ballot-box, a sign that there existed a strong party
at Nice not unfavourable to France. The govern-
ment, he continued, willingly took the responsibi-
lity of the treaty upon themselves ; let the ministry
be compromised, let them be punished, but let
the (earthy be saved ; it was not the first
time we had had to drink this bitter cup.
They knew that this was not the way to become
popular, but it was the way to serve the future of
Italy. The state of the country was not so healthy
as some of the deputies seemed to think, and who-
ever believed that the danger bad passed, let him
look beyond the Mincio.
Garibaldi rose to reply. He would have pre-
ferred the dignity of the country to the oppressive
patronage of foreigners ; more accustomed to
handle the rifle than to wage war in words, he
could not easily contend 'gonna the giants of
•
parhamentary debate ; but he appealed to the
ruins and to the trophies of his native laud, to the
Conde of Niue, and to all Its montunoute, to DOA
for him whether the country was Italian or not ; all
' of them spoke of war with France, and not one of
them of sympathy for her.
After slew inaignificant speeches, the chamber
accepted by a great majority the (ministerial) pro-
position of Boggio, that, confiding in the ministry
that it would take the proper measures for pro-
tecting the freedom of the vote, the chamber should
pass to the order of the day. Thus the county of Nice
will be severed from Italy on Sunday next, with
,the full, though reluctant consent of the first
Italian parliament.

loos ova arscist coasserosnorr.)
TURIN, Aran.l3.
A foreigner might well wonder why the new
Italian parliament and the Italians in general are
quite resigned to the cession of Savoy, a province
with a population of 1580,000 persons, while they
evince such unmistakeable regret at the probable
loss of Nioe and its district, though inhabited by $
I population lees than half that of Savoy. The rea-
son is that Savoy is not and never was Italian,
whilst Nits has been always regarded as an
integral part of Italy, from the days of Augus-
tus, when the little river Var formed part
of the frontier between Transalpine and Cis-
alpine Gaul. True it is that in spite of political
arrangements Nice, though on this side the Var
with respect to Italy, is on the other side of the
Alps. The Italian nationality of Nice is therefore
fairly open to question ; the more so as the Nirard
patois is decidedly rather Provencal and French
than Italian. Hence it is that the Italians can give
up Nice as well as Savoy without dishonour, or
any open violation of principle, if the majority
of the inhabitants of those provinces wish for
annexation to France. As to expediency, there
cannot be the slightest doubt • for allow me to
observe in all sincerity and frankness, that if the
Italians were to refuse Nioe to France, even against
the wishes of Nice herself, they would obtain,
no doubt, the full approbation of Eng-
land—a very valuable thing indeed ; but Eng-
land would not, for all that, fire a single
gun for the Italians ; whilst they would turn
France from a friend into an enemy. Now the com-
bined enmity of France and Austria, during this
initiatory period of Italian regeneration, would not
only blast all Italian hopes of ultimately freeing
Venice, Rome, and Naples, but would endanger
the newly-aerinireci liberties of Florence, Bologna,
and Milan • possibly even threaten Turin and
Genoa. All that the new Italian parliament were
in honour and duty bound to do was what they
have done, and are ready to do—to request
the government, under their serious responsibility,
to ensure liberty and fairness of voting in the con-
tested provinces, and to abide by the result, what-
' ever it might be. There is, however, no doubt
I about that as regards Savoy. The question is now,
what will be the vote of Nice which is to be given
the day after to-morrow. You may perhaps know
'it by telegraph before this letter reaches you.
But though guessing is rather risky work when
the matter will be decided so soon, I ven-
ture to prophesy that the propertion of votes in
favour of the annexation will be greater in the
country than in the town of Nice • not so much on
account of the dishonourable proceedings of Mon-
sieur Lubonis and of the French emissaries, as be-
cause the instinctive aspiration to French na-
tionality is stronger in the peasantry than in the
townsmen, among whom the purely Italian element,
AA represented by Garibaldi, is far greater. General
Geribaldi ia gone to Nice, where his presence will
undoubtedly exercise a favourable influence in pro-
curing votes for Italy.
Two of the deputies elected for Bologna, Count
Cavour and Marquis Joachim Pepoli, having made
their option for other colleges, some of the
electors would tender the seats to Signor
Aurelio Saffi and Professor Filoranti,
of them well known in England, and the
latter of whom is now in Turin. Proiewor
Filo-
panti, however, having been asked by letter
whether he would accept, has answered in the nega-
tive. He is reasonably enough of opinion that the
decidedly democratic element which would be re-
presented by him and Signor Saffi would be out of
plate and unseasonable in the present Italian
parliament.
On Sunday morning I shall start for Florence, it
being my intention to follow the King in his jour-
ney through Central Italy.

THE 1•0118 of THE BARVZ CAIN.—From a report
in the Underwriters' Rooms, Liverpool, yesterday, furnished
by the late master of the barque Oain, of that port, Mr. J.
L Content, the following are the fact. connected with the
loss of the above vessel :—The Cain was of 228 tons
burden, and sailed from the neer Goatnexalcoe, South
America, on the 21st of February, with a cargo of tea-
hopny for Liverpool. On the llth wad 12th of Much
they experienced a succession of strong northernly gales,
accompanied with violent squalls, and a rough sea. The
vessel laboured so severely that she sprang a leak, sod
on the 13th a pump was kept constantly going. (In the
last day named Cape Florida light bore west, distance
10 or 12 miles. On the 14th, at midnight, it was found
that the
_pumps did not Frock, and on sounding 2 feet 10
inches of water were in the well. By the utmost exertion
of all on board the water was reduced to 10 inches, but
in doing this several of the crew, who bad been sick since
the vessel left port, were altogether laid up. Finding it
impossible to keep the water from gaining upon them, they
made arrangements for abandoning her, whilst the wind and
sea were moderate. They steered with all baste, for this
purpose, towards CapeCarnaveral, it beiog the nearest point.
At four next morning they had feet of water in all com-
partments. The boats were then got out, with provisions,
and all the effects were secured that could be stowed in the
boats. At six p.m., on mounding, they found 9} feat of
water in the fore raft. Before leaving they set fire to the
ship to destroy her, so that no vessel might come in col-
lision with her. Theey anchored in the boats, at &quarter of
• mile off, and saw the proffers of the fire. At 7.30 a.m.
the mast. fell, and she became a bars hull soon afterwards.
The crew sailed in the long boat, with the jolly host in tow
for the nearest port, and at & p.m., on the 19th
they arrived at Augustine, state el Florida. On the Yibd
they left there by the overland Femme, and thence all hands
were brought to Savanna by the steamer St. Mary's, which
arrived there on the 24th of March.

Blitiel row New lent-intl.—Of the birds, in-
cluding thrushes, linnets, larks, and blackbirda, 'hipped at
the expense of Mr. Stafford, for Auckland by the Jura,
only one partridge has survived the journey. 'This is a
matter of great regret; but we trust the next attempt Inn
prove more sitoondull. —New Zealand (London) Examiner,
April 16.
MUSH'S( or PAMIRS, 800 X KILYSIMOTON.
Number of visiton for the week ending April 14 : Morn-
ings, 3,743 ; ' 2,676; total, 13,471. Since the open-
ing_d the museum daily (Nay 12, 1858), 210.2491
HoOY•L FIZZ IiUSPITAL, GILLY'S-INN-ROAD.—The
number of patients rdieved at this hospital daring the
week einlina April 14 was 2,553, eif which 661 were new
MOM