The Express.
London, England, 1859-10-27 00:00:00

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LONDON. THURSDAY, OCT. 27.

'I nr power of the people geserelly, or of public
ognomn as oontradiatinguishod from that of govern-

•
went, this latterly made such rapid strides, and has
now become so conspicuous, that it is desirable on all
great political questions to bestow more considera-
tion on it than it usually receives. It is of more im-
portance to ascertain the peat course of public opinion
is an index to its future retiree, than to ascertain
what governments have done and what they may
do. They may plot and they may propose, but the
divinity which shapes their rough-hewn ends is the
whole society. It is now perfectly clear that they are
as much in the dark as to the future, and se ignorant
of what will be the actual results of any line of policy,
as the humblest of their subjects. They mast, there-
fore, wait on time and watch circumstances, or
always adapt their conduct to the actual aid very
generally wholly unforeseen course of society. The
Treaties of Vienna, for example, were intended to
make Austria powerful in Italy, and prevent Franc*
from obtaining a predominating influence over the
continent of Europe. But ea the Italians have is-
creased in kaowledge, power, and love of freedom,
this intention has been a means of giving to
France an ascendancy in Italy to counteract Atm
tria, and a predominating influence in Europe.
We may venture to conclude, therefore, whatever
may be the intentions of the authors of the Treaty off
Zurich, that the effects of it will not be identical
with them, and the Congress which is to follow
will hive comparatively little inthienee ever the
course of society. It will not stop the mirth a
popular power, nor restore the governorate Of Is-
rope to the unquestioned dominion they poseeri be-
fore the press wee influential sad the middle&
instructed.

Amongst the causes which influence the formation
of opinion and give the multitude a sense of their
overwhelming power, we must include the amalga-
mation which is taking place of the different nations
of Europe. The union between them since the
Treaties of Vienna hoe been cemented in an
extraordinary degree. National peculiarities nod
national animceities, formerly the basis of the power
of rival ►nd contending monarchies, are now
almost merged in the deep interest the nations
take in oar another. .1 ney have now no object
DIM at heart than to promote everywhere good
government and social prosperity. Some splinters
of old passions and old recollections may still Imam
the French and the English with matrix ewer
beacon*, but in general they are frisedly, and only
desirous of promoting their mutual prosperity, and
of metering t►e prosperity of ethers. The change is
as remarkable se the fact that the actions of their
governorate, though not adverse, have had much
less to do with it than other circumstances.

Foreseely the two people* were very mach opposed
to each other in their religious views. One was in-
tolerant of Protestantism, and the other of Roman
Cat hoi-cion, and ware between them, as between the
other people* of Europe, were the consequence.
Tney hews, now learnt the worldly advantages
of toleration. Trivial animosities between nes'
sects ander the same government may keep alive
seal at home, but they are all equally anxious for
toleration abroad. Oir Emancipation Act, though
sot for this was it pasted, removed • pretext for
intolerance in Roman Catholic coustries, and helped
to abate in Europe the tierce hostility of rival faiths.
Tolerance has stall much progress to make, but it
may be safely mourned that the people of Europe
will again urger, in national wars on account
of religions speakers,.
la the last century commercial rivalry separated
nations, and was often a cause of war. To get colo-
nies as a means of trade was then the leading poliey,
and the governments of Europe went to war to
extend trade. Now they and the different peoples
seek to enlighten each other on the advantages of
fro* trade, and for mutual destruction have substi-
tuted mutual service. Same nations may continue
ignorantly and blindly to maintain hostile tariffs,
but they will hardy go to war mein to cempser
colonies as a means of extending traffic. They ram
all to desire free trade, which is opposed to war,
Thus religion and trade, which formerly led to
national wars, now tend to promote peace, union,
and good will amongst the people of Europe.
Another source formerly of national quarrel—now
so dried up that nobody will venture to advocate
national ware on its account—was dynastic influences.
Europe does not listen with any patience to the
claim of the House of HAI-Stun!. to retain poigio•
lion of any power merely as an ancient house. As
the repriaentatirmi of great interests—the old and
the nee the conservative and the progressive—the
Hu'vw of If and House of Bosarvave
have rival preteneions and conflicting interests; but
the predominance of the progressive interest, of
the new above the old, of the democracy over the
aristocracy, is sr, sorely estab:ished, that both
hnu.es most submit to it ; and neither ean
make any pretensions t veil momentarily valid,
except by acknowledging its power. As the
reprmectative at once of democracy and

order Lot is NAPOLEON is powerful, aid his
power will speedily decay should it become danger-
ous to the material interests of society. If it be
true that he keeps ■line political agitation, and
hinders the prosperity of trade, he wilt aim to be